Imperial Japanese Navy

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waters. He assumed that with their conflicting global interests, it was highly unlikely that the British and Russians would ever join together in a war against Japan, considering it more likely that a major power like Russia in alliance with a lesser naval power, would dispatch a portion of their fleet against Japan. Yamamoto therefore calculated that four battleships would be the main battle force that a major power could divert from their other naval commitments to use against Japan and he also added two more battleships that might be contributed to such a naval expedition by a lesser hostile power. In order to achieve victory Japan should have a force of six of the largest battleships supplemented by four armored cruisers of at least 7,000 tons. The centerpiece of this expansion was to be the acquisition of four new battleships in addition to the two which were already being completed in Britain being part of an earlier construction program. Yamamoto was also advocating the construction of a balanced fleet.

2057:¥200 million. The first stage would begin in 1896 and be completed by 1902; the second would run from 1897 to 1905. The program was financed significantly from the Chinese indemnity secured after the First Sino-Japanese War. This was used to fund the bulk of the naval expansion, roughly ¥139 million, with public loans and existing government revenue providing the rest of the financing required over the ten years of the program. Japan's industrial resources at the time were inadequate for the construction of a fleet of armored warships domestically, as the country was still in the process of developing and acquiring the industrial infrastructure for the construction of major naval vessels. Consequently, the overwhelming majority was built in British shipyards. With the completion of the fleet, Japan would become the fourth strongest naval power in the world in a single decade. In 1902, Japan formed 3409: 1218:

government did not have enough naval power to put down the rebellion on its own. Although the rebel forces in Hokkaidō surrendered, the government's response to the rebellion demonstrated the need for a strong centralized naval force. Even before the rebellion the restoration leaders had realized the need for greater political, economic and military centralization and by August 1869 most of the domains had returned their lands and population registers to the government. In 1871 the domains were abolished altogether and as with the political context the centralization of the navy began with the domains donating their forces to the central government. As a result, in 1871 Japan could finally boast a centrally controlled navy, this was also the institutional beginning of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

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led to conflict with those disgruntled samurai who wanted to expel the westerners and with groups which opposed the Meiji reforms. Internal dissent – including peasant uprisings – become a greater concern for the government, which curtailed plans for naval expansion as a result. In the immediate period from 1868 many members of the Meiji coalition advocated giving preference to maritime forces over the army and saw naval strength as paramount. In 1870 the new government drafted an ambitious plan to develop a navy with 200 ships organized into ten fleets. The plan was abandoned within a year due to lack of resources. Financial considerations were a major factor restricting the growth of the navy during the 1870s. Japan at the time was not a wealthy state. Soon, however, domestic rebellions, the

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land. But as Japanese troops had very quickly advanced northward from Seoul to Pyongyang the Chinese decided to rush troops to Korea by sea under a naval escort, in mid-September. Concurrently, because there had been no decisive encounter at sea, the Japanese decided to send more troops to Korea. Early in September, the navy was directed to support further landings and to support the army on Korea's western coast. As Japanese ground forces then moved north to attack Pyongyang, Admiral Ito correctly guessed that the Chinese would attempt to reinforce their army in Korea by sea. On 14 September, the Combined Fleet went north to search the Korean and Chinese coasts and to bring the Beiyang Fleet to battle. On 17 September 1894, the Japanese encountered them off the mouth of the

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Japanese carrier aircraft. Naval involvement during the conflict peaked in 1938–39 with the heavy bombardment of Chinese cities deep in the interior by land-based medium bombers and concluded during 1941 with an attempt by both, carrier-borne and land-based, tactical aircraft to cut communication and transportation routes in southern China. Although, the 1937–41 air offensives failed in their political and psychological aims, they did reduce the flow of strategic materiel to China and for a time improved the Japanese military situation in the central and southern parts of the country.

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one of history's most effective arms reduction programs, setting up a system of ratios between the five signatory powers. The United States and Britain were each allocated 525,000 tons of capital ships, Japan 315,000, and France and Italy to 175,000, ratios of 5:3:1.75. Also agreed to was a ten-year moratorium on battleship construction, though replacement of battleships reaching 20 years of service was permitted. Maximum limits of 35,000 tons and 16-inch guns were also set. Carriers were restricted with the same 5:5:3 ratio, with Japan allotted 81,000 tons.

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hopes that it would provide ¥3.5 million annually for warship construction and ¥2.5 million for warship maintenance. In February 1883, the government directed further revenues from other ministries to support an increase in the navy's warship construction and purchasing budget. By March 1883, the navy secured the ¥6.5 million required annually to support an eight-year expansion plan, this was the largest that the Imperial Japanese Navy had secured in its young existence.

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development was very significant for the navy, as the amount allocated virtually equaled the navy's entire budget between 1873 and 1882. The 1882 naval expansion plan succeeded in a large part because of Satsuma power, influence, and patronage. Between 19 August and 23 November 1882, Satsuma forces with Iwakura's leadership, worked tirelessly to secure support for the Navy's expansion plan. After uniting the other Satsuma members of the Dajokan, Iwakura approached the emperor the

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concerns; a strong navy was more important than a sizable army to preserve the Japanese state. Furthermore, he justified that a large, modern navy, would have the added potential benefit of instilling Japan with greater international prestige and recognition, as navies were internationally recognized hallmarks of power and status. Iwakura also suggested that the Meiji government could support naval growth by increasing taxes on tobacco, sake, and soy.

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Japanese retroceded the territory back to China for an additional 30 million taels (roughly ¥45 million). With the humiliation of the forced return of the Liaodong Peninsula, Japan began to build up its military strength in preparation for future confrontations. The political capital and public support for the navy gained as a result of the recent conflict with China, also encouraged popular and legislative support for naval expansion.

2407: 2700: 3219: 3595: 3448:, in which the Japanese lost the war of attrition, was the most decisive; the Japanese failed to commit enough forces in sufficient time. During 1943 the Allies were able to reorganize their forces and American industrial strength began to turn the tide of the war. American forces ultimately managed to gain the upper hand through a vastly greater industrial output and a modernization of its air and naval forces. 683: 1267:(Army first, Navy second) principle. This meant a defense designed to repel an enemy from Japanese territory, and the chief responsibility for that mission rested upon Japan's army; consequently, the army gained the bulk of the military expenditures. During the 1870s and 1880s, the Imperial Japanese Navy remained an essentially coastal-defense force, although the Meiji government continued to modernize it. 2049:. Japan could now acquire armored cruisers that could take the place in the battle line. Hence, with new armor and lighter but more powerful quick-firing guns, this new cruiser type was superior to many older battleships still afloat. Subsequently, the revisions to the ten-year plan led to the four protected cruisers being replaced by an additional two armored cruisers. As a consequence the 2037:

twenty-three destroyers, sixty-three torpedo boats, and an expansion of Japanese shipyards and repair and training facilities. In 1897, because of fears that the size of the Russian fleet assigned to East Asian waters could be larger than previously believed, the plan was revised. Although budgetary limitations simply could not permit the construction of another battleship squadron, the new

1858: 2225:) led the Japanese Grand Fleet into the decisive engagement of the war. The Russian fleet was almost completely annihilated: out of 38 Russian ships, 21 were sunk, seven captured, six disarmed, 4,545 Russian servicemen died and 6,106 were taken prisoner. On the other hand, the Japanese only lost 116 men and three torpedo boats. These victories broke Russian strength in 3088:, when it was revealed that the fundamental design philosophy of many Japanese warships was flawed. largely due to poor construction techniques and instability caused by attempting to mount too much weaponry on too small a displacement hull. As a result, most of the naval budget in 1932–1933 was absorbed in modifications to rectify the issues with existing equipment. 2319:

testing and improvements. Over the years, the importation of whole classes of ships was progressively substituted by local assembly, and then complete local production, starting with the smallest ships, such as torpedo boats and cruisers in the 1880s, to finish with whole battleships in the early 20th century. The last major purchase was in 1913 when the

2809:, then a frontline fighter. The Japanese would go on to order 50 of these aircraft from Gloster, and build 40. These planes eventually provided the inspiration for the design of a number of Japanese naval aircraft. Technicians become familiar with the newest aerial weapons and equipment-torpedoes, bombs, machine guns, cameras, and communications gear. 1317:, arrived in Japan. Douglas directed instruction at the Naval Academy at Tsukiji for several years, the mission remained in Japan until 1879, substantially advancing the development of the navy and firmly establishing British traditions within the Japanese navy from matters of seamanship to the style of its uniforms and the attitudes of its officers. 1604:, against bigger units. The choice of France may also have been influenced by the Minister of the Navy, who happened to be Enomoto Takeaki at that time (Navy Minister 1880–1885), a former ally of the French during the Boshin War. Also, Japan was uneasy with being dependent on Great Britain, at a time when Great Britain was very close to China. 2826:. By the time its last members had returned to Britain, the Japanese had acquired a reasonable grasp of the latest aviation technology and taken the first steps toward having an effective naval air force. Japanese naval aviation also, both in technology and in doctrine, continued to be dependent on the British model for most of the 1920s. 1933:) remained almost impervious to Japanese guns, highlighting the need for bigger capital ships in the Imperial Japanese Navy. The next step of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion would thus involve a combination of heavily armed large warships, with smaller and innovative offensive units permitting aggressive tactics. 3390:, killing 2,403 Americans and crippling the US Pacific Fleet. During the first six months of the Pacific War, the IJN enjoyed spectacular success inflicting heavy defeats on Allied forces. Allied navies were devastated during the Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia. Japanese naval aircraft were also responsible for the 1648:. Altogether, Bertin supervised the building of more than 20 units. They helped establish the first true modern naval force of Japan. It allowed Japan to achieve mastery in the building of large units, since some of the ships were imported, and some others were built domestically at the arsenal of Yokosuka: 1921:, in which the Chinese fleet lost eight out of 12 warships. The Chinese subsequently retreated behind the Weihaiwei fortifications. However, they were then surprised by Japanese troops, who outflanked the harbour's defenses in coordination with the navy. The remnants of the Beiyang Fleet were destroyed at 3894:(1592)). In Western sources, Japanese ironclads are described in CR Boxer "The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650", p. 122, quoting the account of the Italian Jesuit Organtino visiting Japan in 1578. Nobunaga's ironclad fleet is also described in "A History of Japan, 1334–1615", Georges Samson, p. 309 3382:

fleet for commerce raiding and failure to secure its communications also hastened its defeat. The Japanese Navy also underinvested in intelligence and had hardly any agents active in the United States when the war started; several Japanese Naval officers credited lack of information about the US Navy

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A consistent weakness of gunned Japanese warship development was the tendency to incorporate excessive firepower and engine output relative to ship size (a side-effect of the Washington Treaty limitations on overall tonnage). This led to shortcomings in stability, protection, and structural strength.

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experienced in the design and testing of Royal Navy aircraft during the First World War. The mission consisted of 27 members, who were largely personnel with experience in naval aviation and included pilots and engineers from several British aircraft manufacturing firms. The British technical mission

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and Port Arthur. Finding only small vessels in either harbor, the Combined Fleet returned to Korea to support further landings off the Chinese coast. The Beiyang Fleet under the command of Admiral Ding was initially ordered to stay close to the Chinese coast while reinforcements were sent to Korea by

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Japan continued the modernization of its navy, especially as China was also building a powerful modern fleet with foreign, especially German, assistance, and as a result tensions were building between the two countries over Korea. The Japanese naval leadership on the eve of hostilities, was generally

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together with military officers, and announced the need for increased tax revenues to provide adequate funding for military expansion, this was followed by an imperial re-script. The following month, in December, an annual ¥7.5-million tax increase on sake, soy, and tobacco was fully approved, in the

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in 1872. For the first two years (1868–1870) of the Meiji state no national, centrally controlled navy existed, – the Meiji government only administered those Tokugawa vessels captured in the early phase of the Boshin War of 1868–1869. All other naval vessels remained under the control of the various

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In February 1868 the Imperial government had placed all captured shogunate naval vessels under the Navy Army affairs section. In the following months, military forces of the government came under the control of several organizations which were established and then disbanded until the establishment of

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By the mid-1860s the shogunate had a fleet of eight warships and thirty-six auxiliaries. Satsuma (which had the largest domain fleet) had nine steamships, Choshu had five ships plus numerous auxiliary craft, Kaga had ten ships and Chikuzen eight. Numerous smaller domains also had acquired a number of

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In 1943, the Japanese also turned their attention to the defensive perimeters of their previous conquests. Forces on Japanese held islands in Micronesia were to absorb and wear down an expected American counteroffensive. However, American industrial power become apparent and the military forces that

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It was also in conflict with her past experience. Japan's numerical and industrial inferiority led her to seek technical superiority (fewer, but faster, more powerful ships), qualitative superiority (better training), and aggressive tactics (daring and speedy attacks overwhelming the enemy, a recipe

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The Imperial Japanese Navy was faced before and during World War II with considerable challenges, probably more so than any other navy in the world. Japan, like Britain, was almost entirely dependent on foreign resources to supply its economy. To achieve Japan's expansionist policies, the IJN had to

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Japan at times continued to solicit foreign expertise in areas in which the IJN was inexperienced, such as naval aviation. The Japanese navy had closely monitored the progress of aviation of the three Allied naval powers during World War I and concluded that Britain had made the greatest advances in

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Many naval leaders in Japan's delegation were outraged by these limitations, as Japan would always be behind its chief rivals. However, in the end it was concluded that even these unfavorable limitations would be better than an unrestricted arms race with the industrially dominant United States. The

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in order to defeat the Chinese army and bring the war to a swift conclusion. If the engagement were to be a draw and neither side gained control of the sea, the army would concentrate on the occupation of Korea. Lastly, if the Combined Fleet was defeated and consequently lost command of the sea, the

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After the consolidation of the government the new Meiji state set about to build up national strength. The Meiji government honored the treaties with the Western powers signed during the Bakumatsu period with the ultimate goal of revising them, leading to a subsided threat from the sea. This however

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from 1873 until 1878 because of his naval experience and his ability to control Tokugawa personnel who retained positions in the government naval forces. Upon assuming office Katsu Kaishu recommended the rapid centralization of all naval forces – government and domain – under one agency. The nascent

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As soon as Japan opened up to foreign influences, the Tokugawa shogunate recognized the vulnerability of the country from the sea and initiated an active policy of assimilation and adoption of Western naval technologies. In 1855, with Dutch assistance, the shogunate acquired its first steam warship,

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Japan's main strategy was to gain command of the sea as this was critical to the operations on land. An early victory over the Beiyang fleet would allow Japan to transport troops and material to the Korean Peninsula, however any prolongation of the war would increase the risk of intervention by the

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titled "Opinions Regarding Naval Expansion" asserting that a strong navy was essential to maintaining the security of Japan. In furthering his argument, Iwakura suggested that domestic rebellions were no longer Japan's primary military concern and that naval affairs should take precedence over army

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In the years following after the end of First World War the naval construction programs of the three greatest naval powers Britain, Japan and the United States had threatened to set off a new potentially dangerous and expensive naval arms race. The subsequent Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 became

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led the shogunate to repeal the law to execute foreigners, and instead to adopt the Order for the Provision of Firewood and Water. The shogunate also began to strengthen the nation's coastal defenses. Many Japanese realized that traditional ways would not be sufficient to repel further intrusions,

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was formed within the Maritime Safety Agency, incorporating the minesweeping fleet and other military vessels, mainly destroyers, given by the United States. In 1954, the Safety Security Force was separated, and the JMSDF was formally created as the naval branch of the Japanese Self-Defense Force

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From the onset of hostilities in 1937 until forces were diverted to combat for the Pacific war in 1941, naval aircraft played a key role in military operations on the Chinese mainland. These began with attacks on military installations largely in the Yangtze River basin along the Chinese coast by

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aimed at maintaining parity with American naval air power by adding 827 planes for allocation to fourteen planned land-based air groups, and increasing carrier aircraft by nearly 1,000. To accommodate the new land aircraft the plan called for several new airfields to be built or expanded; it also

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was assigned to compose a study of Japan's future naval needs. He believed that Japan should have sufficient naval strength to not only to deal with a single hypothetical enemy separately, but to also confront any fleet from two combined powers that might be dispatched against Japan from overseas

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Following the war against China, the Triple Intervention under Russian leadership, pressured Japan to renounce its claim to the Liaodong Peninsula. The Japanese were well aware of the naval power the three countries possessed in East Asian waters, particularly Russia. Faced with little choice the

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However, naval expansion remained a highly contentious issue for both the government and the navy throughout much of the 1880s. Overseas advances in naval technology increased the costs of purchasing large components of a modern fleet, so that by 1885 cost overruns had jeopardized the entire 1883

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arguing persuasively just as he did with the Dajokan, that naval expansion was critical to Japan's security and that the standing army of forty thousand men was more than sufficient for domestic purposes. While the government should direct the lion's share of future military appropriations toward

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The incident involving Enomoto Takeaki's refusal to surrender and his escape to Hokkaidō with a large part of the former Tokugawa Navy's best warships embarrassed the Meiji government politically. The imperial side had to rely on considerable naval assistance from the most powerful domains as the

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During the inter-war years, two schools of thought contested over whether the navy should be organized around powerful battleships (ultimately able to defeat equivalent American ships in Japanese waters), or aircraft carriers. Neither doctrine prevailed, and a balanced yet indecisive approach to

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After lengthy discussions, Iwakura eventually convinced the ruling coalition to support Japan's first multi-year naval expansion plan in history. In May 1883, the government approved a plan that, when completed, would add 32 warships over eight years at a cost of just over ¥26 million. This

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participating. The total tonnage of these ships was 2,252 tons, which was far smaller than the tonnage of the single foreign vessel (from the French Navy) that also participated. The following year, in July 1869, the Imperial Japanese Navy was formally established, two months after the last

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Japan continued in its efforts to build up a strong national naval industry. Following a strategy of "copy, improve, innovate", foreign ships of various designs were usually analysed in depth, their specifications often improved on, and then were purchased in pairs so as to organize comparative

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would land at Chemulpo on the western coast of Korea, both to engage and push Chinese forces northwest up the peninsula and to draw the Beiyang Fleet into the Yellow Sea, where it would be engaged in decisive battle. Depending upon the outcome of this engagement, Japan would make one of three

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specifies that "The Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as a means of settling international disputes." The prevalent view in Japan is that this article allows for military forces to be kept for the purposes of self-defense.

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Battleships would be supplemented by lesser warships of various types, including cruisers that could seek out and pursue the enemy and a sufficient number of destroyers and torpedo boats capable of striking the enemy in home ports. As a result, the program also included the construction of

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plan was approved in 1937, its third major naval building program since 1930. A six-year effort that called for the construction of new warships that were free from the restrictions of previous naval treaties. Concentrating on qualitative superiority to compensate for Japan's quantitative

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ships. However, these fleets resembled maritime organizations rather than actual navies with ships functioning as transports as well as combat vessels; they were also manned by personnel who lacked experienced seamanship except for coastal sailing and who had virtually no combat training.

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The program for a 260,000-ton navy to be completed over a ten-year period in two stages of construction, with the total cost being ¥280 million, was approved by the cabinet in late 1895 and funded by the Diet in early 1896. Of the total warship acquisitions accounted for just over

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The Washington Treaty did not restrict the building of ships other than battleships and carriers, resulting in a building race for heavy cruisers. These were limited to 10,000 tons and 8-inch guns. The Japanese were also able to get some concessions, most notably the battleship

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left for Japan in September with the objective of helping the Imperial Japanese Navy develop and improve the proficiency of its naval air arm. The mission arrived at Kasumigaura Naval Air Station the following month, in November 1921, and stayed in Japan for 18 months.

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The Treaty also dictated that the United States, Britain, and Japan could not expand their Western Pacific fortifications. Japan specifically could not militarize the Kurile Islands, the Bonin Islands, Amami-Oshima, the Loochoo Islands, Formosa and the Pescadores.

2658:, was torpedoed on 11 June 1917 by a German submarine with the loss of 59 officers and men. A memorial at the Kalkara Naval Cemetery in Malta was dedicated to the 72 Japanese sailors who died in action during the Mediterranean convoy patrols. 3906:

invented Korea's "ironclad Turtle ships", first documented in 1592. Incidentally, Korea's iron plates only covered the roof (to prevent intrusion), and not the sides of their ships. The first Western ironclads date to 1859 with the French

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Meiji government in its first years did not have the necessary political and military force to implement such a policy and so, like much of the government, the naval forces retained a decentralized structure in most of 1869 through 1870.

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The IJN had two primary responsibilities during the campaign: to support amphibious operations on the Chinese coast and the strategic aerial bombardment of Chinese cities – the first time any naval air arm had been given such tasks.

931:, especially, had petitioned the shogunate to build modern naval vessels. A naval center had been set up by the Satsuma domain in Kagoshima, students were sent abroad for training and a number of ships were acquired. The domains of 1974:. The Navy supplied the largest number of warships (18 out of a total of 50) and delivered the largest contingent of troops among the intervening nations (20,840 Imperial Japanese Army and Navy soldiers, out of a total of 54,000). 1488:

plan. Furthermore, increased costs coupled with decreased domestic tax revenues, heightened concern and political tension in Japan regarding funding naval expansion. In 1883, two large warships were ordered from British shipyards.

364: 2967:, which did not require long range), in which the IJN would allow the US to sail across the Pacific, using submarines to harass the enemy fleet, then engage the US Navy in a "decisive battle area" near Japan after inflicting such 3364:

To effectively combat the numerically superior American navy, the Japanese had devoted a large amount of resources to create a force of superior quality. Betting on the success of aggressive tactics which stemmed from

3477:. By May 1945, most of the Imperial Japanese Navy had been sunk and the remnants had taken refuge in Japan's harbors. In late July 1945, most of the remaining large warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy were sunk in 2339:, adopt an explicit policy of building for a potential future conflict against the US Navy. Satō called for a battlefleet at least 70% as strong as that of the US. In 1907, the official policy of the Navy became an ' 820: 2691:. After the conflict, the Japanese Navy received seven German submarines as spoils of war, which were brought to Japan and analysed, contributing greatly to the development of the Japanese submarine industry. 990: 3369:

and the concept of decisive battle, Japan did not invest significantly in capabilities needed to protect its long shipping lines against enemy submarines, particularly under-investing in the vital area of

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and western knowledge was utilized through the Dutch at Dejima to reinforce Japan's capability to repel the foreigners; field guns, mortars, and firearms were obtained, and coastal defenses reinforced.

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seaplanes bombarded German land targets like communication and command centers, and damaged a German minelayer in the Tsingtao peninsula from September to 6 November 1914 when the Germans surrendered.

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After these successes, the IJN now concentrated on the elimination and neutralization of strategic points from where the Allies could launch counteroffensives against Japanese conquests. However, at

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In 1870 an Imperial decree determined that Britain's Royal Navy should serve as the model for development, instead of the Netherlands navy. In 1873 a thirty-four-man British naval mission, headed by

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were 3,650 ton ships. They were capable of speeds up to 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph) and were armed with 54 to 76 mm (2 to 3 in) deck armor and two 260 mm (10 in)

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The Second Sino-Japanese War was of great importance and value to the development of Japanese naval aviation, demonstrating how aircraft could contribute to the projection of naval power ashore.

2367:, at the time the largest warship in the world by displacement, and the first ship to be designed, ordered and laid down as an "all-big-gun" battleship, about one year prior to the launching of 6200:

Lengerer, Hans (December 2020). "The 1884 Coup d'État in Korea — Revision and Acceleration of the Expansion of the IJN: A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Chinese-Japanese War 1894–95".

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Lengerer, Hans (September 2020). "The 1882 Coup d'État in Korea and the Second Expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy: A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Chinese-Japanese War 1894–95".

1102:(January 1868 to June 1869). The early part of the conflict largely involved land battles, with naval forces playing a minimal role transporting troops from western to eastern Japan. Only the 3467:

led to the destruction of a large part of the surface fleet. During the last phase of the war, the Imperial Japanese Navy resorted to a series of desperate measures, including a variety of

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Washington System may have made Japan a junior partner with the US and Britain, but it also curtailed the rise of China and the Soviet Union, who both sought to challenge Japan in Asia.

1733:, of which the French at the time were probably the world's best exponents". Japan acquired its first torpedoes in 1884, and established a "Torpedo Training Center" at Yokosuka in 1886. 1535:). Unable to confront the Chinese fleet with only two modern cruisers, Japan resorted to French assistance to build a large, modern fleet which could prevail in the upcoming conflict. 699:") forbade contacts with the outside world and prohibited the construction of ocean-going ships on pain of death. Contacts were maintained, however, with the Dutch through the port of 7281: 6862: 1205:

period. The naval forces mirrored the political environment of Japan at the time: the domains retained their political as well as military independence from the Imperial government.

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The United States would be able to enforce a 60% ratio thanks to having broken the Japanese diplomatic code and being able to read signals from its government to her negotiators.

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The mission brought to Kasumigaura well over a hundred British aircraft comprising twenty different models, five of which were then currently in service with the Royal Navy's

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were transferred to Japan. The Imperial Japanese Navy took possession of the island and quelled opposition movements between March and October 1895. Japan also obtained the

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bulk of the army would remain in Japan and prepare to repel a Chinese invasion, while the Fifth Division in Korea would be ordered to hang on and fight a rearguard action.

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shipyard in the United Kingdom at the end of 1898, for delivery to Japan in 1902. Commercial shipbuilding in Japan was exhibited by construction of the twin screw steamer

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of 1883–85 seemed to validate the potential of torpedo boats, an approach which was also attractive to the limited resources of Japan. In 1885, the new Navy slogan became

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was signed, marking the official opening of Korea to foreign trade, and Japan's first example of Western-style interventionism and adoption of "unequal treaties" tactics.

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was purchased from the Vickers shipyard. By 1918, there was no aspect of shipbuilding technology where Japanese capabilities fell significantly below world standards.

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government issued its First Naval Expansion bill in 1882, requiring the construction of 48 warships, of which 22 were to be torpedo boats. The naval successes of the

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goal was doubling Japan's naval air strength in just five years, delivering air superiority in East Asia and the western Pacific. It called for the building of two

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were built in British shipyards, and they were the first warships built abroad specifically for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Private construction companies such as

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conducted the world's first successful sea-launched air strikes. On 6 September 1914, in the very first air-sea battle in history, a Farman aircraft launched by

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secure and protect distant sources of raw material (especially Southeast Asian oil and raw materials), controlled by foreign countries (Britain, France, and

1854:. Hence, initiating hostilities at the time was not ideal, and the navy was far less confident than the Japanese army about the outcome of a war with China. 1718: 1428: 5627:"Agents, attachés, and intelligence failures: The Imperial Japanese Navy's efforts to establish espionage networks in the United States before Pearl Harbor" 2535:), some of the first ships in the world to be equipped with 356 mm (14 in) guns, and the most formidable battlecruisers in the world at the time. 7881: 7388: 2904:, introducing enclosed dual 127 mm (5 in) turrets capable of anti-aircraft fire. The new destroyer design was soon emulated by other navies. The 2487: 8334: 8518: 1263:), and a coastal navy that could act in a supportive role to drive an invading enemy from the coast. The resulting military organization followed the 1221:

In February 1872, the Ministry of War was replaced by a separate Army Ministry and Navy Ministry. In October 1873, Katsu Kaishū became Navy Minister.

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when feudal rulers vying for supremacy built vast coastal navies of several hundred ships. Around that time Japan may have developed one of the first

2374:. However, due to a lack of material, she was completed with a mixed battery of rifles, launched on 15 November 1906, and completed on 25 March 1910. 747:. Western ships, which were increasing their presence around Japan due to whaling and the trade with China, began to challenge the seclusion policy. 3186:

under way, the Japanese had started to consider preparations for the next major expansion, which was scheduled for 1940. However, with the American

2274:. These five submarines (known as Holland Type VII's) were shipped in kit form to Japan (October 1904) and then assembled at the Yokosuka, Kanagawa 1884:

choices; If the Combined Fleet were to win decisively, the larger part of the Japanese army would undertake immediate landings on the coast between

8480: 6693: 5991: 1904:

was officially declared on 1 August 1894. On August 10, the Japanese ventured into the Yellow Sea to seek out the Beiyang Fleet and bombarded both

1260: 3452:

faced the Japanese in 1943 were overwhelming in firepower and equipment. From the end of 1943 to 1944 Japan's defensive perimeter failed to hold.

7415: 1970:

The Imperial Japanese Navy further intervened in China in 1900 by participating, together with Western Powers, in the suppression of the Chinese

6753: 3478: 322: 3207:

battleship, a fleet carrier, six of a new class of planned escort carriers, six cruisers, twenty-two destroyers, and twenty-five submarines.

633:

Japan built her first large ocean-going warships in the beginning of the 17th century, following contacts with the Western nations during the

6763: 6738: 2978:

Following the dictates of Satō (who doubtless was influenced by Mahan), it was the basis for Japan's demand for a 70% ratio (10:10:7) at the

1098:

Although the Meiji reformers had overthrown the Tokugawa shogunate, tensions between the former ruler and the restoration leaders led to the

1977:

The conflict allowed Japan to enter combat together with Western nations and to acquire first-hand understanding of their fighting methods.

8352: 2975:, to which every major navy subscribed before World War II, in which wars would be decided by engagements between opposing surface fleets. 1810: 905: 703:, the Chinese also through Nagasaki and the Ryukyus and Korea through intermediaries with Tsushima. The study of Western sciences, called " 5965: 5939: 1479:

naval matters, a powerful navy would legitimize an increase in tax revenue. On November 24, the emperor assembled select ministers of the

8485: 7871: 7802: 6748: 6600:

Mrs. Ferguson's Tea-Set, Japan and the Second World War: The Global Consequences Following Germany's Sinking of the SS Automedon in 1940.

3695: 3062:

was plan approved in 1931, provided for the construction of 39 ships to be laid down between 1931 and 1934, centering on four of the new

3408: 1167:

s navy: eight steam warships and 2,000 men. Following the defeat of pro-shogunate resistance on Honshū, Admiral Enomoto Takeaki fled to

2332: 732:

when neutral ships flew the Dutch flag. Frictions with the foreign ships, however, started from the beginning of the 19th century. The

1736:

These ships, ordered during the fiscal years 1885 and 1886, were the last major orders placed with France. The unexplained sinking of

8200: 7815: 7697: 7325: 6743: 3730: 3700: 2790: 2763: 2343:' of eight modern battleships and eight battlecruisers. However, financial constraints prevented this ideal ever becoming a reality. 627: 1836:

cautious and even apprehensive as the navy had not yet received the warships ordered in February 1893, particularly the battleships

890:(1836–1908) was sent by the shogunate to study in the Netherlands for several years. In 1859 the Naval Training Center relocated to 8884: 8869: 7598: 7588: 3192: 3118: 3093: 3057: 2401: 6796: 6723: 2990:

would not face the political and geographical constraints of her previous wars, nor did she allow for losses in ships and crews.

7393: 6387: 2982:, which would give Japan superiority in the "decisive battle area", and the US' insistence on a 60% ratio, which meant parity. 728:

Apart from Dutch trade ships, no other Western vessels were allowed to enter Japanese ports. A notable exception was during the

8904: 8511: 8398: 8372: 6662: 3690: 3563: 3494: 3391: 3257: 17: 1259:(literally: "Static Defense"), focused on coastal defenses, on a standing army (established with the assistance of the second 8879: 8342: 6733: 3705: 2397: 1880: 2746:, which had been partly funded by donations from schoolchildren and would have been scrapped under the terms of the treaty. 689:, one of the original Edo-era battery islands. These batteries are defensive structures built to withstand naval intrusions. 8170: 7931: 7807: 7707: 7692: 7603: 7563: 6758: 6718: 6686: 3715: 3105: 2856: 2838: 2821: 2543: 1900:; damaging a cruiser, sinking a loaded transport, capturing one gunboat and destroying another. The battle occurred before 1354: 593:

capitulated to Chinese demands and sent twenty captured Japanese pirates to China, where they were boiled in a cauldron in

280: 176: 8711: 2004:, among the most powerful battleships of her time, in 1905, was one of the six battleships ordered as part of the program. 1209:

a former Tokugawa navy leader, was brought into the government as Vice Minister of the Navy in 1872, and became the first

8470: 8465: 8185: 7687: 6728: 3767: 2381:

was built in Japan with about 80% material imported from Great Britain, with the following battleship class in 1909, the

310: 3865: 3575:(JSDF), following the passage of the 1954 Self-Defense Forces Law. Japan's current navy falls under the umbrella of the 725:

and mechanical sciences. Seclusion, however, led to the loss of any naval and maritime traditions the nation possessed.

8687: 8626: 8588: 8042: 8037: 7936: 7876: 7667: 7657: 7348: 6612: 6584: 6512: 6361: 6323: 6301: 6104: 5893: 5835: 5781: 4674: 4647: 4517: 4473: 4310: 4283: 4015: 3988: 3961: 3934: 3802: 3685: 3174:

class cruisers, which were under construction, by replacing their 6-inch main batteries with 8-inch guns. In aviation,

3073: 2986:

for success in her previous conflicts), but failed to take account of any of these traits. Her opponents in any future

2565: 2450: 2414: 806: 414: 220: 130: 125: 6774: 6013: 3875: 3111: 8731: 8672: 8631: 8504: 7358: 7353: 3580: 3541: 3498: 3179:

provided for a significant increase in the size of the navy's production facilities for aircraft and aerial weapons.

2577: 2094: 626:

issued a ban on Wakō piracy; the pirates then became vassals of Hideyoshi, and comprised the naval force used in the

399: 31: 30:

This article is about the maritime force of Empire of Japan. For the current maritime force of Japan since 1954, see

3140: 8682: 8593: 8578: 8554: 8377: 8362: 8357: 8072: 7831: 7764: 7553: 7373: 7368: 6854: 2601: 1175:(27 January 1869). The new Meiji government dispatched a military force to defeat the rebels, culminating with the 556:

Japan has a long history of naval interaction with the Asian continent, involving transportation of troops between

2868:

In keeping with its doctrine, the Imperial Japanese Navy was the first to mount 356 mm (14 in) guns (in

2490:, which then moved into the Southern Atlantic, where it encountered British naval forces and was destroyed at the 1813:, the Imperial Japanese Navy stopped relying on foreign instructors altogether. In 1886, she manufactured her own 8899: 8874: 8854: 8765: 8760: 8652: 8065: 6679: 3680: 3554:

at the conclusion of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Navy, along with the rest of the Japanese military, was

3227: 2589: 2571: 2423: 1557: 1358: 6949: 6918: 8783: 8755: 8721: 8440: 8087: 7788: 7558: 7363: 6894: 6549: 6531: 6493: 6471: 6446: 6431: 6342: 6282: 6263: 6244: 6229: 6173: 6160: 6142: 6123: 6075: 6048: 3899: 2595: 2539: 2491: 2115: 1409: 877: 774:

and made demonstrations of force requesting trade negotiations. After two hundred years of seclusion, the 1854

744: 8367: 7797: 7712: 7702: 7318: 3523: 3502: 3468: 3012: 2559: 2530: 2446: 1696: 1197: 767: 171: 166: 6870: 871: 8726: 8677: 8549: 8347: 8218: 7677: 7618: 7608: 7077: 6835: 6713: 5860: 3650: 3456: 1770: 1659: 1530: 1524: 1441: 1210: 1000: 854: 270: 35: 6957: 6827: 3401:

which was the first time that capital ships were sunk by aerial attack while underway. In April 1942, the

3378:), and in the specialized training and organization to support it. Imperial Japan's reluctance to use its 2869: 2507: 2346:

By 1920, the Imperial Japanese Navy was the world's third largest navy and a leader in naval development:

2323: 1630:

was hired for four years to reinforce the Japanese Navy and to direct the construction of the arsenals of

1403: 1089: 1021: 8636: 8621: 8027: 7846: 7717: 6789: 3655: 3424: 3134: 2979: 2722: 2382: 2362: 2305: 2242: 2100: 2088: 1918: 1843: 1762: 1653: 1552: 6153:

The origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy, Development and technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War

5773:

The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War

3459:

was a disaster for Japanese naval air power with American pilots terming the slanted air/sea battle the

3018: 8788: 8716: 8662: 8616: 8559: 8309: 8278: 3483: 3418: 3128: 3024: 2875: 2705: 2524: 2249: 2175: 2029: 2025: 2000: 1996: 1665: 1573: 1498: 1183:(originally ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate) and used it decisively towards the end of the conflict. 8803: 7161: 7038: 5158: 2834: 1342: 1305: 1114:

in July 1868, and as a result most of Japan accepted the emperor's rule, however resistance continued

8859: 8657: 8268: 8263: 8190: 8150: 7941: 7628: 6965: 6843: 5850:

Farley, Robert. "Imperial Japan's Last Floating Battleship". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

3576: 2865:

in the world to be completed, and subsequently developed a fleet of aircraft carriers second to none.

2741: 2256: 2106: 1866: 1709: 1384: 733: 568: 8130: 7420: 5918: 1336: 1235: 8864: 8692: 8667: 8382: 8165: 8112: 8060: 7682: 7510: 7311: 6999: 5279: 3953:

Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 1: Trade, Missions, Literature

3445: 3235: 2949: 2649: 2518: 2197: 1837: 1797: 1776: 1775:, which was considered the first effective design of a destroyer, in 1887 and with the purchase of 1683: 1677: 1640: 1314: 1193: 1176: 1115: 1079: 1071: 952: 653: 437: 240: 3006: 2937:). To achieve this goal, she had to build large warships capable of long range operations. In the 1644:

class of cruisers; three units featuring a single powerful main gun, the 320 mm (13 in)

1106:(28 January 1868) was significant; this also proved one of the few Tokugawa successes in the war. 666:

to the Americas, which then continued to Europe. From 1604 the Bakufu also commissioned about 350

586: 8750: 8583: 8496: 8205: 8082: 8012: 7821: 7573: 7500: 4971:

Wakamiya is "credited with conducting the first successful carrier air raid in history" Austrian

3506: 3437: 3201: 2885: 2726: 2688: 2486:

A battle group was also sent to the central Pacific in August and September to pursue the German

2138: 2058: 2042: 2020: 1901: 1849: 1830: 1492: 1399: 1156:

s navy, refused to surrender all his ships, remitting just four vessels, and escaped to northern

486: 225: 5969: 5943: 3440:

the Japanese were forced to abandon their attempts to isolate Australia while the defeat in the

2771: 1925:. Although Japan turned out victorious, the two large German-made Chinese ironclad battleships ( 743:

in 1808, and other subsequent incidents in the following decades, led the shogunate to enact an

433: 7886: 7862: 7759: 7744: 7593: 7505: 7030: 6782: 6402:

Baker, Arthur Davidson (1987). "Japanese Naval Construction 1915–1945: An Introductory Essay".

5278:, converted to an aircraft carrier during the 1920s, and also two of the eight monitors of the 3908: 3551: 3387: 2944:, the IJN began to structure itself specifically to fight the United States. A long stretch of 2895: 2666: 2627: 2460: 2368: 2311: 2275: 2144: 1793:, the fastest cruiser in the world at the time of her launch in 1892. In 1889, she ordered the 1786: 1737: 1392: 1388: 1348: 775: 502: 466: 418: 6335:

Making Waves: Politics, Propaganda, And The Emergence Of The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1868–1922

5883: 5825: 5771: 4637: 4463: 4300: 4273: 4005: 3978: 3924: 485:. The navy had several successes, sometimes against much more powerful enemies such as in the 8818: 8741: 7946: 7408: 6566: 4664: 3951: 3745: 3571: 3559: 3371: 3085: 2952:

in 1937 had exacerbated tensions with the United States, which was seen as a rival of Japan.

2812:

The mission also brought the plans of the most recent British aircraft carriers, such as HMS

2662: 2430: 1937: 714: 444: 3792: 2934: 1753: 1627: 428:

The origins of the Imperial Japanese Navy go back to early interactions with nations on the

198: 8077: 7901: 7891: 7403: 6654: 5224: 3664: 3528: 3464: 3063: 2555: 2271: 2079: 2046: 1408:, leading to the dispatch of a large force of the Imperial Japanese Navy. As a result, the 956: 512: 6577:

Kinu to hikariō: shirarezaru Nichi-Futsu kōryū 100-nen no rekishi (Edo jidai-1950-nendai).

5271:

The British had used 18-inch guns during the First World War on the large "light" cruiser

3517: 2713:

By 1921, Japan's naval expenditure reached nearly 32% of the national government budget.

2377:

Between 1903 and 1910, Japan began to build battleships domestically. The 1906 battleship

2082:

viewed from the Top of Gold Hill, after capitulation in 1905. From left wrecks of Russian

1725:

This period also allowed Japan "to embrace the revolutionary new technologies embodied in

1179:

in May 1869. The Imperial side took delivery (February 1869) of the French-built ironclad

507: 8: 8304: 8251: 8224: 8214: 8160: 8155: 8140: 8017: 7841: 7520: 7515: 7398: 7123: 6560:

Soie et lumières: L'âge d'or des échanges franco-japonais (des origines aux années 1950).

5166: 4972: 3555: 3271: 3033: 2806: 2767: 2654:. By the end of the war, the Japanese had escorted 788 allied transports. One destroyer, 2355: 2336: 2267: 2189: 2180:, which was among the most powerful warships afloat when completed, was ordered from the 1953: 1922: 1862: 1790: 1782: 1278: 634: 590: 391: 8092: 1507:

guns. The naval architect Sasō Sachū designed these on the line of the Elswick class of

1398:

Various interventions in the Korean Peninsula continued in 1875–1876, starting with the

1252:(1877), forced the government to focus on land warfare, and the army gained prominence. 417:

for aircraft and airstrike operation from the fleet. It was the primary opponent of the

8273: 8210: 8032: 8002: 7543: 7246: 6932: 6804: 5656: 3642: 3628: 3098: 2503: 2260: 2218: 2214: 2070: 1949: 1945: 1508: 1320:

From September 1870, the English Lieutenant Horse, a former gunnery instructor for the

1107: 947:

joined Satsuma in acquiring ships. These naval elements proved insufficient during the

932: 917: 913: 760: 737: 663: 646: 623: 490: 465:, Japan's navy was comparatively backward when the country was forced open to trade by 410: 405:

The Imperial Japanese Navy was the third largest navy in the world by 1920, behind the

395: 230: 1383:, was narrowly abandoned by decision of the central government in Tokyo. In 1874, the 713:

in Nagasaki led to the transfer of knowledge related to the Western technological and

65: 8314: 8007: 7987: 7754: 7383: 7007: 6608: 6588: 6580: 6545: 6527: 6508: 6489: 6467: 6442: 6427: 6411: 6357: 6338: 6319: 6297: 6278: 6259: 6240: 6225: 6209: 6188: 6169: 6156: 6138: 6119: 6100: 6071: 6044: 5889: 5831: 5777: 5660: 5648: 4670: 4643: 4513: 4469: 4306: 4279: 4011: 3984: 3957: 3930: 3895: 3798: 3545: 3402: 3366: 3187: 3081: 2968: 2499: 2495: 2442: 2351: 2340: 2111: 1597: 1569: 1548: 1249: 1045: 751: 549: 482: 470: 7463: 6659: 2270:

designs and were developed under the supervision of Electric Boat's representative,

1380: 693:

For more than 200 years, beginning in the 1640s, the Japanese policy of seclusion ("

519: 8455: 8175: 7896: 7568: 6638: 6485: 5998: 5638: 5272: 3441: 2862: 2844: 2434: 2411: 2331:

The period immediately after Tsushima also saw the IJN, under the influence of the

2299: 2203: 1897: 1635: 1543: 1438: 1370: 1142: 1031: 1018: 1005:, was Japan's first domestically built steam warship. It was completed in May 1866. 787: 779: 605: 474: 448: 263: 8430: 6135:

Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941

5643: 5626: 3052:). Between 1930 and the outbreak of the Second World War there were four of these 1433: 8828: 8823: 8813: 8808: 8798: 8793: 8475: 8180: 8102: 8022: 7495: 7334: 7068: 6666: 6604: 6598: 6572: 6555: 6382:

Friendship across the Seas: The US Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

6065: 5400: 3879: 3869: 3720: 3222: 2972: 2938: 2920: 2794: 2786: 2779: 2551: 2438: 2134: 2083: 2013: 1971: 1965: 1803: 1631: 1616: 1321: 1172: 1138: 887: 851: 755: 729: 545: 540: 387: 106: 70: 8097: 3980:

The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800

2259:, barely four years after the US Navy had commissioned its own first submarine, 1896:

A Japanese squadron intercepted and defeated a Chinese force near Korean island

1324:

during the Bakumatsu period, was put in charge of gunnery practice on board the

1206: 909: 436:

and reaching a peak of activity during the 16th and 17th centuries at a time of

8425: 8319: 8145: 8135: 7992: 7956: 7378: 7137: 6990: 6643: 3674: 3375: 2480: 1952:, although she was forced by Russia, Germany and France to return it to China ( 1818: 1769:

Japan turned again to Britain, with the order of a revolutionary torpedo boat,

1460: 1245: 1075: 976: 936: 928: 671: 642: 601: 120: 8460: 8435: 6070:. Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies Series. Routledge. p. 307. 3097:

plan was approved, covering the construction of 48 new warships including the

2294: 1593: 1584: 1229: 8848: 8540: 7951: 7672: 7662: 7490: 7455: 7270: 7185: 6477: 6415: 6213: 6192: 5652: 3863: 3670: 3614: 2963: 2802: 2320: 2207: 2075: 1991: 1986: 1914: 1871: 1564: 1475: 1134: 1103: 827: 667: 600:

Japan undertook major naval building efforts in the 16th century, during the

534: 478: 153: 8052: 5823: 5124:

Ed. John Whitney Hall and Marius B. Jansen. Cambridge University Press, 1988

3146:

aircraft carrier, along with sixty-four other warships in other categories.

2851:

Between the wars, Japan took the lead in many areas of warship development:

2498:, which remained Japanese colonies until the end of World War II, under the 8528: 7548: 7425: 7262: 7217: 7114: 6311: 6017: 3885: 3873: 3739: 3600: 3488: 2941: 2909: 2676: 2476: 2167: 2038: 1814: 1758: 1601: 1456: 1066: 1048:

in 1868 led to the overthrow of the shogunate. From 1868, the newly formed

782:

to international trade and interaction. This was soon followed by the 1858

609: 561: 530: 402:(JMSDF) was formed between 1952 and 1954 after the dissolution of the IJN. 245: 8122: 7739: 3771: 2881: 1538: 1465: 1364: 589:. In response to threats of Chinese invasion of Japan, in 1405 the shogun 299: 8195: 7749: 7091: 7021: 6886: 6671: 6592: 6386:. Tokyo: Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture. Archived from 6294:

Warships after Washington: The Development of Five Major Fleets 1922–1930

3891: 3890:(referring to the anteriority of Japanese ironclads (1578) to the Korean 3772:

Japan> National Security> Self-Defense Forces> Early Development

3735: 3429: 2987: 2426: 2234: 1885: 1794: 1612: 1269: 1130: 1126: 1111: 979: 944: 940: 899: 763:

ended in failure, in part to Japanese resistance, until the early 1850s.

718: 572: 422: 235: 8607: 5038:"Japanese lieutenant's son visits Japanese war dead at Kalkara cemetery" 4465:

Rulers, Guns, and Money: The Global Arms Trade in the Age of Imperialism

670:, usually armed and incorporating some Western technologies, mainly for 342: 8536: 7997: 7613: 6660:

Imperial Japanese Navy in World War 1, 1914–18 including warship losses

6655:

Imperial Japanese Navy Awards of the Golden Kite in World War 2, a Note

3903: 2945: 2913: 2684: 2466: 2302: 2230: 2193: 2127: 1910: 1730: 1596:" ("young school") doctrine, favoring small, fast warships, especially 1520: 1099: 1061: 948: 924: 812: 462: 406: 7906: 5560: 5548: 5159:"Limitation of Naval Armament (FivePower Treaty of Washington Treaty)" 2820:, which influenced the final stages of the development of the carrier 2546:

to the Mediterranean. This force, consisted of one protected cruiser,

2255:

The Imperial Japanese Navy acquired its first submarines in 1905 from

1745:

from France to Japan in December 1886, created embarrassment however.

898:. In 1857 the shogunate acquired its first screw-driven steam warship 8702: 8603: 8324: 8299: 8294: 8107: 7978: 7911: 7583: 6818: 6099:(reprint 1978 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 5052: 3379: 2901: 2680: 2611: 2419:

conducted the world's first sea-launched air raids in September 1914.

2238: 2226: 2196:

Dockyard & Engine Works, Nagasaki. The Imperial Japanese cruiser

2160: 1905: 1817:, and in 1892 one of her officers invented a powerful explosive, the 1645: 1512: 1375: 1202: 1122: 771: 619: 525: 351: 649: 614: 457: 8403: 7836: 7527: 7471: 5469: 5467: 3473: 1578: 1519:

however, who equipped herself with two 7,335 ton German-built

1302: 1286: 1282: 1168: 1085: 1039: 831: 700: 8526: 7303: 4510:

Chiyoda (II): First Armoured Cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy

3218: 3196:

six-year expansion program, which was approved in September 1939.

3036:, the Japanese started a series of naval construction programs or 2699: 2310:, the first ship in the world to be designed and laid down as an " 2289: 864: 8775: 8569: 7578: 6067:

Japan's Sea Lane Security, 1940–2004: A Matter Of Life And Death?

4512:, Kathrin Milanovich, Warship 2006, Conway Maritime Press, 2006, 3660: 3069: 2955:

This was in conflict with Japan's doctrine of "decisive battle" (

2758: 2615: 2538:

Following a further request by the British and the initiation of

2472: 2181: 2153: 1889: 1726: 1692: 1592:

During the 1880s, France took the lead in influence, due to its "

1387:

was the first foray abroad of the new Imperial Japanese Navy and

1049: 997: 891: 883: 835: 803: 705: 659: 582: 451:. After two centuries of stagnation during the country's ensuing 6648: 5464: 5304:

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare

3848:

The economic aspects of the history of the civilization of Japan

3150:

also called for the rearming of the demilitarized battlecruiser

3123:

deficiencies compared with the United States. While the core of

8833: 8256: 7430: 5807: 5805: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5507: 5505: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 4907: 4302:

The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism

3949: 3884:"Ironclad ships, however, were not new to Japan and Hideyoshi; 2829: 2672: 2445:, the Imperial Japanese Navy helped seize the German colony at 2441:, as a consequence of the 1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance. In the 1941: 1682:, a small cruiser of 2,439 tons built in Britain, and the 1157: 1121:

On 26 March 1868 the first naval review in Japan took place in

722: 717:

which allowed Japan to remain aware of naval sciences, such as

710: 695: 686: 682: 594: 452: 441: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5093: 5091: 1717:

16 torpedo boats of 54 tons each, built in France by the

1297: 7623: 5911: 5625:

Drabkin, Ron; Kusunoki, K.; Hart, B. W. (22 September 2022).

4816: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4595: 4593: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4527: 4525: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4243: 4241: 4239: 3550:

Following Japan's surrender and subsequent occupation by the

2619: 2607: 1705: 1516: 1504: 895: 766:

During 1853 and 1854, American warships under the command of

577: 557: 5802: 5744: 5732: 5691: 5667: 5529: 5517: 5502: 5479: 5452: 5440: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 2923:, generally recognized as the best torpedo of World War Two. 2919:

Japan developed the 610 mm (24 in) oxygen fuelled

2687:

as part of Japan's contribution to the war effort under the

2252:. The victory at Tsushima elevated the stature of the navy. 2170:(26 German-, 10 British-, 17 French-, and 10 Japanese-built) 1959: 1857: 6273:

Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mickel, Peter (1977).

5790: 5615:. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press, 1993. 5424:. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press, 1983. 5361:. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute Press, 1991. 5253: 5241: 5186: 5139: 5127: 5103: 5088: 5064: 5017: 5005: 4993: 4877: 4853: 4782: 4780: 4705: 4703: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4226: 4224: 4211: 4209: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4130: 4128: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4085: 4083: 4070: 4068: 4066: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3711:

List of Japanese Navy ships and war vessels in World War II

2406: 912:

was hired to build Japan's first modern naval arsenals, at

677: 429: 383: 143: 6505:

Sunk: The Story of the Japanese Submarine Fleet, 1941–1945

4919: 4804: 4792: 4756: 4744: 4715: 4605: 4590: 4578: 4561: 4549: 4522: 4443: 4393: 4236: 4003: 3956:. Vol. III. University of Chicago Press. p. 29. 1446:

was the flagship of the Imperial Japanese Navy until 1881.

1052:

continued with reforms to centralize and modernize Japan.

6316:

Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941

5824:

Rikihei Inoguchi; Tadashi Nakajima; Roger Pineau (1958).

4865: 4841: 4194: 4140: 4024: 2229:, and triggered waves of mutinies in the Russian Navy at 2053:

was born, with six battleships and six armored cruisers.

1980: 6575:, Christian. (2002). 絹と光: 知られざる日仏交流100年の歴史 (江戶時代1950年代) 6237:

French Policy Towards the Bakufu and Meiji Japan 1854–95

4777: 4700: 4683: 4617: 4537: 4376: 4359: 4336: 4319: 4298: 4221: 4206: 4175: 4125: 4104: 4080: 4063: 3823: 3811: 1956:), only to see Russia take possession of it soon after. 1879:

European powers with interests in East Asia. The army's

1395:, however the navy served largely as a transport force. 6464:

Steam, Steel and Shellfire, The Steam Warship 1815–1905

5827:

The Divine Wind: Japan's Kamikaze Force in World War II

5720: 5708: 4253: 4163: 3056:

which were drawn up in 1931, 1934, 1937, and 1939. The

1365:

First interventions abroad (Taiwan 1874, Korea 1875–76)

560:

and Japan, starting at least with the beginning of the

6564:

Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie Française du Japon,

6439:

Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II

6277:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. 5593: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 3497:

units from 12th Air Fleet saw extensive action during

1824: 6457:

Les Grandes Batailles de l'Histoire, Port-Arthur 1904

5581: 5205: 5174: 8895:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

6507:. New York: Henry Holt; reprint: Progressive Press. 6272: 5679: 5076: 4981: 3590: 2805:. The Japanese were trained on several, such as the 1809:

Between 1882 and 1918, ending with the visit of the

923:

The shogunate also allowed and then ordered various

662:-type ship that transported the Japanese embassy of 548:(1590–1630), a merchant and soldier who traveled to 6521: 6113: 5624: 4936: 4934: 4662: 4491: 4424: 4051: 2449:. During the siege, beginning on 5 September 1914, 1125:, with six ships from the private domain navies of 3127:was to be the construction of the two battleships 2610:and efficiently protected allied shipping between 927:to purchase warships and to develop naval fleets, 876:, and began using it for training, establishing a 493:, before being largely destroyed in World War II. 8890:Military units and formations established in 1869 6620:Togo Heihachiro in images, illustrated Meiji Navy 5919:"Japan Self-Defense Force | Defending Japan" 4461: 4271: 3888:, in fact, had many ironclad ships in his fleet." 3463:, mostly going in the favor of the US, while the 2354:, the Japanese Navy was the first navy to employ 2064: 1429:History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1882–1893) 1419:sailed to Europe with an entirely Japanese crew. 8846: 8481:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 5769: 4931: 2880:), and began the only battleships ever to mount 2753: 1292: 1224: 1040:Creation of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1868–72) 984:, Japan's first screw-driven steam warship, 1857 8451:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 6628:潜水艦大作戦, Jinbutsu publishing (新人物従来社) (Japanese) 4635: 3976: 3667:– Army political groups about government reform 2542:by Germany, in March 1917, the Japanese sent a 2290:Towards an autonomous national navy (1905–1914) 865:Development of shogunal and domain naval forces 859:(1854) was built from Dutch technical drawings. 7440: 6377: 6318:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 6137:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 6118:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 6097:A Battle History of The Imperial Japanese Navy 5830:. United States Naval Institute. p. 150. 5776:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 313. 5306:(London: Phoebus, 1978), Volum3 10, p. 1041, " 3922: 3444:saw the Japanese forced on the defensive. The 3076:to 14 Air Groups. However, plans for a second 2956: 1422: 754:in 1837 and news of China's defeat during the 374: 355: 346: 51: 8512: 7319: 6790: 6687: 6618:Tōgō Shrine and Tōgō Association (東郷神社・東郷会), 6354:The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War 6116:The Japanese Submarine Force and World War II 5984: 4836:Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 4639:Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia 4275:Meiji Japan: The emergence of the Meiji state 2971:. This is also in keeping with the theory of 2694: 2286:, and became operational at the end of 1905. 1539:Influence of the French "Jeune École" (1880s) 1450: 906:1860 Japanese delegation to the United States 6133:Evans, David & Peattie, Mark R. (1997). 6132: 5811: 5757: 5738: 5702: 5673: 5566: 5554: 5542: 5523: 5511: 5496: 5473: 5458: 5446: 5259: 5247: 5199: 5145: 5133: 5109: 5097: 5070: 5058: 5023: 5011: 4999: 4925: 4913: 4883: 4859: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4771: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4611: 4599: 4584: 4572: 4555: 4531: 4449: 4418: 4247: 4200: 4157: 4045: 3834: 3817: 3677:– Navy political groups about naval treaties 2830:Naval developments during the interwar years 7803:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 6436: 5888:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 240. 5372:Influence of Seapower on History, 1660–1783 3983:. Cambridge University Press. p. 110. 3696:Imperial Japanese Navy bases and facilities 3405:drove the Royal Navy from South East Asia. 3213: 3042:naval replenishment, or construction, plans 2716: 2387:, being built with only 20% imported parts. 1201:domains which had been acquired during the 8519: 8505: 7326: 7312: 6797: 6783: 6701: 6694: 6680: 6332: 6043:. Stanford University Press. p. 309. 4871: 4847: 4786: 4709: 4694: 4623: 4543: 4503: 4387: 4370: 4353: 4330: 4230: 4215: 4188: 4134: 4119: 4089: 4074: 3950:Donald F. Lach; Edwin J. Van Kley (1998). 3084:capsizing and heavy typhoon damage to the 2494:. Japan also seized German possessions in 2391: 2361:In 1905, it began building the battleship 2358:in combat, at the 1905 Battle of Tsushima. 1626:In 1885, the leading French Navy engineer 373:'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or 64: 8201:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 7816:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 6502: 5817: 5642: 4468:. Harvard University Press. p. 137. 3929:. Harvard University Press. p. 293. 3731:Recruitment in the Imperial Japanese Navy 3701:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 3383:as another major factor in their defeat. 2648:). They were later joined by the cruiser 2606:), under Admiral Satō Kōzō, was based in 1960:Suppression of the Boxer rebellion (1900) 1913:. The Combined Fleet then devastated the 1255:Naval policy, as expressed by the slogan 7589:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 6424:The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650 6253: 6199: 6178: 5613:Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II 4265: 4259: 4169: 3516: 3407: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3264: 3217: 3166:. Also funded was the upgrading of four 3005: 2833: 2757: 2698: 2405: 2402:Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I 2293: 2137:(4 British-, 2 Italian-, 1 German-built 2074: 2045:plates could resist all but the largest 2019: 1990: 1856: 1752: 1583: 1563: 1542: 1432: 1296: 1228: 1065: 681: 678:Western studies and the end of seclusion 539: 518: 506: 473:. Accompanying the re-ascendance of the 6310: 5796: 5726: 5714: 5211: 5180: 4987: 4978:launched sea plane raids a year earlier 4666:The Arc of Japan's Economic Development 4305:. Homa & Sekey Books. p. 450. 3154:and the refitting of her sister ships, 2874:), 410 mm (16.1 in) guns (in 2632:, and four more destroyers were added ( 2213:These dispositions culminated with the 1936:As a result of the conflict, under the 1748: 1577:, built domestically at the arsenal of 97: 14: 8847: 8399:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 6351: 6291: 6275:Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 6167:Jane's Battleships of the 20th Century 6063: 6038: 6016:. The Samurai Archives. Archived from 5992:"Flightglobal – World Air Forces 2015" 5908:Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution 5881: 5685: 5599: 5587: 5082: 5035: 3691:Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation Bureau 3535: 3479:air attacks on Kure and the Inland Sea 3258:Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II 3190:in 1938, the Japanese accelerated the 3139:, it also called for building the two 2459:attacked the Austro-Hungarian cruiser 2156:(5 Japanese, 2 British and 2 US-built) 1981:Naval buildup and tensions with Russia 1673:3 coastal warships of 4,278 tons. 1074:, May 1869; in the foreground, wooden 628:Japanese invasion of Korea (1592–1598) 529:coastal naval war vessel, bearing the 8500: 7307: 6778: 6675: 6401: 4004:R. H. P. Mason; J. G. Caiger (1997). 3706:Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces 2894:In 1928, she launched the innovative 2398:Imperial Japanese Navy in World War I 1688:, 1,800 tons, built at Yokosuka. 1511:but with superior specifications. An 1171:, where he established the breakaway 7808:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 7564:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 6579:Tokyo: Ashetto Fujin Gahōsha, 2002. 6524:Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War 6522:Lacroix, Eric; Linton Wells (1997). 6476: 6234: 6114:Boyd, Carl; Akihiko Yoshida (1995). 6094: 4497: 4437: 4057: 3716:List of weapons of the Japanese Navy 2927: 1149:Enomoto Takeaki, the admiral of the 908:. In 1865 the French naval engineer 469:in 1854. This eventually led to the 71:Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy 8471:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 7718:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 7333: 6014:"The Madness of Toyotomi Hideyoshi" 4299:Chae-ŏn Kang; Jae-eun Kang (2006). 4007:A History of Japan: Revised Edition 3768:Library of Congress Country Studies 2622:until the end of the War. In June, 1825:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) 802:Replica of the Japanese-built 1613 311:Ranks of the Imperial Japanese Navy 27:Naval branch of the Empire of Japan 24: 6371: 5631:Intelligence and National Security 5122:Cambridge History of Japan Vol. 6. 5036:Zammit, Roseanne (27 March 2004). 4010:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 205. 3686:Imperial Japanese Navy Armor Units 3182:In 1938, with the construction of 2994:capital ship development reigned. 2843:, the world's first purpose built 2665:to France. In 1918, ships such as 2163:(16 British- and 8 Japanese-built) 1369:During 1873, a plan to invade the 957:Allied bombardments of Shimonoseki 830:of the Araki clan, sailing out of 415:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 25: 8916: 6632: 6462:Gardiner, Robert (editor) (2001) 6011: 4278:. Psychology Press. p. 191. 3581:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 3542:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 1556:, the flagship of the IJN at the 1402:provoked by the Japanese gunboat 1332:was hired to train naval cadets. 1110:eventually surrendered after the 904:and used it as an escort for the 400:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 396:Japan's surrender in World War II 32:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 8171:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 7439: 6057: 6032: 6005: 5958: 5932: 5902: 5875: 5853: 5844: 5763: 5618: 5605: 5572: 5427: 5410: 5389: 5377: 3635: 3621: 3607: 3593: 2350:Following its 1897 invention by 1811:French Military Mission to Japan 1721:in 1888, and assembled in Japan. 1261:French Military Mission to Japan 1186: 1010: 989: 968: 843: 819: 795: 298: 99: 8885:1945 disestablishments in Japan 8870:Military of the Empire of Japan 8186:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 6622:(図説東郷平八郎、目で見る明治の海軍), (Japanese) 6503:Hashimoto, Mochitsura (2010) . 6333:Schencking, J. Charles (2005). 5364: 5351: 5338: 5325: 5313: 5296: 5265: 5217: 5151: 5115: 5029: 4965: 4956: 4951:Battleships of the 20th Century 4943: 4898: 4889: 4828: 4656: 4629: 4482: 4455: 4292: 4095: 3997: 3970: 3913:("Steam, Steel and Shellfire"). 3797:. Bloomsbury. 1991. p. 7. 3681:Imperial Japanese Naval Academy 3527:under dismantling operation at 3491:of the Imperial Japanese Navy. 3446:campaign in the Solomon Islands 3251: 3001: 2948:expansion and the start of the 2882:460 mm (18.1 in) guns 2554:and eight of the Navy's newest 1652:3 cruisers: the 4,700 ton 1361:also emerged around this time. 761:Numerous attempts to open Japan 709:" through the Dutch enclave of 413:(USN). It was supported by the 281:Chief of the Navy General Staff 8722:12 cm 11th Year Type naval gun 8527:Japanese naval weapons of the 8441:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 7559:Imperial Rescript on Education 6155:, University of Chicago Press 5921:. Defendingjapan.wordpress.com 5374:(Boston: Little, Brown, n.d.). 3943: 3916: 3853: 3840: 3785: 3776: 3761: 2791:Captain William Forbes-Sempill 2540:unrestricted submarine warfare 2248:, thereby contributing to the 2065:Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) 1415:In 1878, the Japanese cruiser 745:Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels 13: 1: 8905:Naval history of World War II 7892:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 7798:Imperial General Headquarters 7389:Foreign commerce and shipping 6337:. Stanford University Press. 6088: 6041:A History of Japan, 1334–1615 5940:"海上自衛隊：ギャラリー：写真ギャラリー：護衛艦（艦艇）" 5644:10.1080/02684527.2022.2123935 3044:), known unofficially as the 2861:, the first purpose-designed 2754:Development of naval aviation 1802:, which defined the type for 1623:(Jp:海国日本, "Maritime Japan"). 1293:British support and influence 1225:Secondary Service (1872–1882) 1198:Ministry of the Navy of Japan 1094:of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1055: 167:Imperial General Headquarters 8880:1869 establishments in Japan 8219:Hirohito surrender broadcast 7619:Greater East Asia Conference 4663:Arthur J. Alexander (2008). 3651:Admiral of the Fleet (Japan) 3562:which was drawn up in 1947, 3471:which were popularly called 3386:The IJN launched a surprise 3225:aboard the aircraft carrier 2122:The new fleet consisted of: 1463:submitted a document to the 1315:Lt. Comdr. Archibald Douglas 784:Treaty of Amity and Commerce 36:Ministry of the Navy (Japan) 7: 7604:Supreme Court of Judicature 6569:Fujin Gahōsha (アシェット婦人画報社). 6459:, Socomer Editions (French) 6254:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). 5422:The Barrier and the Javelin 3656:Carrier Striking Task Force 3586: 3461:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot 2980:Washington Naval Conference 2912:enclosed in splinter proof 2723:Washington Naval Conference 2661:In 1917, Japan exported 12 2241:, peaking in June with the 1664:, built in France, and the 1423:Naval expansion (1882–1893) 886:such as the future Admiral 826:Painting of a 17th-century 575:in 1274 and 1281, Japanese 382:, 'Japanese Navy') was the 58:(Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun) 10: 8921: 8310:Second Philippine Republic 8088:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 7240:Acquisitions (before 1871) 6644:Hiroshi Nishida's IJN site 6484:. New York & Toronto: 6482:Japanese Destroyer Captain 4462:Jonathan A. Grant (2007). 4272:Peter F. Kornicki (1998). 3794:Early Samurai: 200–1500 AD 3539: 3272:Standard Tons Displacement 3255: 3233: 2908:s also featured the first 2793:, a former officer in the 2777: 2720: 2695:Interwar years (1918–1937) 2395: 2250:Russian Revolution of 1905 2174:One of these battleships, 2068: 2026:pre-dreadnought battleship 1997:pre-dreadnought battleship 1984: 1963: 1828: 1451:First naval expansion bill 1426: 1410:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 1248:(1874) and especially the 1146:combat of the Boshin War. 1059: 788:treaties with other powers 567:Following the attempts at 500: 496: 29: 8774: 8740: 8701: 8645: 8602: 8568: 8535: 8418: 8391: 8333: 8287: 8244: 8237: 8191:Japan during World War II 8151:Pacification of Manchukuo 8121: 8051: 8043:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 8038:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 7976: 7969: 7920: 7907:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 7860: 7786: 7779: 7726: 7644: 7637: 7629:Imperial Japanese Airways 7536: 7483: 7448: 7437: 7341: 7239: 7215: 7183: 7159: 7135: 7112: 7089: 7066: 7019: 6988: 6930: 6816: 6810:(July 1869–February 1871) 6709: 6526:. Naval Institute Press. 6437:D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). 6151:Howe, Christopher (1996) 5882:Menton, Linda K. (2003). 5770:Christopher Howe (1996). 5302:Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. 4669:. Routledge. p. 56. 4642:. ABC-CLIO. p. 117. 3577:Japan Self-Defense Forces 3512: 2957: 1874:captured by Japan in 1895 1160:with the remnants of the 734:Nagasaki Harbour Incident 569:Mongol invasions of Japan 477:came a period of frantic 432:, beginning in the early 375: 366:Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun 356: 347: 321: 316: 306: 294: 289: 279: 269: 259: 254: 213: 205: 193: 185: 159: 149: 139: 113: 93: 85: 77: 63: 52: 50: 45: 8766:Type 3 Shell "San Shiki" 8693:20 cm/12 short naval gun 8688:15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type 8668:12 cm/12 short naval gun 8589:15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type 8166:Second Sino-Japanese War 8113:Racial Equality Proposal 7693:Agriculture and Commerce 6639:Nobunaga's ironclad navy 6256:Naval Warfare, 1815–1914 6165:Ireland, Bernard (1996) 5885:The Rise of Modern Japan 5812:Evans & Peattie 1997 5758:Evans & Peattie 1997 5739:Evans & Peattie 1997 5703:Evans & Peattie 1997 5674:Evans & Peattie 1997 5569:, p. 205 & 370. 5567:Evans & Peattie 1997 5557:, p. 355 & 367. 5555:Evans & Peattie 1997 5543:Evans & Peattie 1997 5524:Evans & Peattie 1997 5512:Evans & Peattie 1997 5497:Evans & Peattie 1997 5474:Evans & Peattie 1997 5459:Evans & Peattie 1997 5447:Evans & Peattie 1997 5260:Evans & Peattie 1997 5248:Evans & Peattie 1997 5200:Evans & Peattie 1997 5146:Evans & Peattie 1997 5134:Evans & Peattie 1997 5110:Evans & Peattie 1997 5098:Evans & Peattie 1997 5071:Evans & Peattie 1997 5061:, p. 212 & 215. 5059:Evans & Peattie 1997 5024:Evans & Peattie 1997 5012:Evans & Peattie 1997 5000:Evans & Peattie 1997 4926:Evans & Peattie 1997 4914:Evans & Peattie 1997 4884:Evans & Peattie 1997 4860:Evans & Peattie 1997 4823:Evans & Peattie 1997 4811:Evans & Peattie 1997 4799:Evans & Peattie 1997 4772:Evans & Peattie 1997 4751:Evans & Peattie 1997 4739:Evans & Peattie 1997 4727:Evans & Peattie 1997 4636:Stanley Sandler (2002). 4612:Evans & Peattie 1997 4600:Evans & Peattie 1997 4585:Evans & Peattie 1997 4573:Evans & Peattie 1997 4556:Evans & Peattie 1997 4532:Evans & Peattie 1997 4450:Evans & Peattie 1997 4419:Evans & Peattie 1997 4248:Evans & Peattie 1997 4201:Evans & Peattie 1997 4158:Evans & Peattie 1997 4046:Evans & Peattie 1997 3977:Geoffrey Parker (1996). 3835:Evans & Peattie 1997 3818:Evans & Peattie 1997 3754: 3236:Second Sino-Japanese War 3214:Second Sino-Japanese War 3170:-class cruisers and two 2950:Second Sino-Japanese War 2717:Washington treaty system 2221:, Admiral Togo (flag in 2059:an alliance with Britain 1558:Battle of the Yalu River 1437:The British-built steam 1177:Naval Battle of Hakodate 1072:Naval Battle of Hakodate 1030:), Japan's first modern 953:Bombardment of Kagoshima 645:, in agreement with the 241:Second Sino-Japanese War 8732:14 cm/40 11th Year Type 8673:12 cm/45 10th Year Type 8632:12 cm/45 10th Year Type 8584:15 cm/50 41st Year Type 8550:36 cm/45 41st Year Type 8083:Washington Naval Treaty 8028:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 8013:First Sino-Japanese War 7832:Nuclear weapons program 7574:Great Japan Youth Party 7501:National seals of Japan 6378:Agawa, Naoyuki (2019). 6296:. Seaforth Publishing. 6039:Samson, George (1961). 3923:Louis-Frédéric (2002). 3487:was the only surviving 3374:(both escort ships and 3266:IJN vs USN shipbuilding 3072:, and expansion of the 2727:Washington Naval Treaty 2689:Anglo-Japanese alliance 2465:and the German gunboat 2392:World War I (1914–1918) 1831:First Sino-Japanese War 1400:Ganghwa Island incident 1239:, between 1878 and 1891 768:Commodore Matthew Perry 618:, had six iron-covered 226:First Sino-Japanese War 8900:Attack on Pearl Harbor 8875:Naval history of Japan 8855:Imperial Japanese Navy 8683:14 cm/50 3rd Year Type 8627:12 cm/45 3rd Year Type 8594:20 cm/50 3rd Year Type 8579:14 cm/50 3rd Year Type 8555:41 cm/45 3rd Year Type 8131:Shōwa financial crisis 7923:Imperial Japanese Navy 7863:Imperial Japanese Army 7594:Peace Preservation Law 6807:Imperial Japanese Navy 6703:Imperial Japanese Navy 6649:Imperial Japanese Navy 6540:Nagazumi, Yōko (永積洋子) 6235:Sims, Richard (1998). 6095:Dull, Paul S. (2013). 5420:, and Willmott, H. P., 5405:American Black Chamber 3750:– Navy Military Police 3532: 3433: 3388:attack on Pearl Harbor 3231: 3223:Type 91 Aerial Torpedo 3029: 3022:and the battlecruiser 2848: 2775: 2710: 2663:Arabe-class destroyers 2420: 2315: 2276:Yokosuka Naval Arsenal 2119: 2033: 2005: 1875: 1766: 1676:2 small cruisers: the 1589: 1581: 1561: 1515:was taking place with 1447: 1393:Mudan Incident of 1871 1330:Commander L. P. Willan 1310: 1240: 1095: 776:Convention of Kanagawa 690: 622:made in 1576. In 1588 581:became very active in 553: 537: 516: 503:Naval history of Japan 335:Imperial Japanese Navy 46:Imperial Japanese Navy 34:. For other uses, see 18:Japanese Imperial Navy 8653:8 cm/40 3rd Year Type 8073:Siberian Intervention 7882:Railways and Shipping 7698:Commerce and Industry 7394:Industrial production 6558:, Christian. (2001). 6404:Warship International 6356:. Osprey Publishing. 6352:Stille, Mark (2014). 6292:Jordan, John (2011). 6222:World War II warships 6202:Warship International 6181:Warship International 6064:Graham, Euan (2006). 5966:"海上自衛隊：ギャラリー：潜水艦（艦艇）" 5435:World War II warships 5416:Peattie & Evans, 5344:Peattie & Evans, 5333:World War II Warships 3572:Safety Security Force 3560:constitution of Japan 3521:The aircraft carrier 3520: 3411: 3372:antisubmarine warfare 3221: 3034:London Treaty of 1930 3009: 2855:In 1921, it launched 2837: 2785:naval aviation,. The 2761: 2702: 2556:Kaba-class destroyers 2409: 2297: 2257:Electric Boat Company 2143:, and 1 French-built 2078: 2023: 1994: 1938:Treaty of Shimonoseki 1860: 1756: 1695:, the 1,600 ton 1615:against China in the 1587: 1567: 1546: 1436: 1300: 1232: 1069: 878:Naval Training Center 715:scientific revolution 685: 602:Warring States period 543: 522: 510: 467:American intervention 392:when it was dissolved 8761:Type 4 Rocket "RoSa" 8486:Political dissidence 8335:Occupied territories 8078:General Election Law 7902:Taiwan Army of Japan 6714:Minister of the Navy 6597:Seki, Eiji. (2006). 6542:Red Seal Ships (朱印船) 6239:. Psychology Press. 3846:Yosaburō Takekoshi. 3665:Imperial Way Faction 3558:in 1945. In the new 3529:Sasebo Naval Arsenal 3469:Special Attack Units 3465:battle of Leyte Gulf 3080:were delayed by the 1749:British shipbuilding 1729:, torpedo-boats and 1701:, built at Yokosuka. 1670:, built at Yokosuka. 1211:Minister of the Navy 687:No. 6 Odaiba battery 564:in the 3rd century. 513:Battle of Dan-no-ura 271:Minister of the Navy 172:Ministry of the Navy 8819:61 cm 8th Year Type 8804:53 cm 6th Year Type 8305:Wang Jingwei regime 8215:Potsdam Declaration 8206:Soviet–Japanese War 8161:Anti-Comintern Pact 8156:January 28 incident 8141:London Naval Treaty 8018:Triple Intervention 7847:Supreme War Council 7731:deliberative bodies 6805:First ships of the 6626:Japanese submarines 6441:. Devin-Adair Pub. 6422:Boxer, C.R. (1993) 6020:on 17 November 2019 5972:on 22 December 2014 5946:on 23 December 2014 5476:, pp. 243–244. 5383:Peattie and Evans, 5167:Library of Congress 4916:, pp. 150–151. 3872:. Also in English: 3860:THE FIRST IRONCLADS 3536:Self-Defense Forces 3507:Soviet–Japanese War 3416:-class Battleships 3032:In response to the 2847:, completed in 1922 2807:Gloster Sparrowhawk 2770:fighter to Admiral 2496:northern Micronesia 2429:on the side of the 2356:wireless telegraphy 2190:Nippon Yusen Kaisha 2130:(all British-built) 1954:Triple Intervention 1863:ironclad battleship 1791:Newcastle upon Tyne 1719:Companie du Creusot 1708:: the 726 ton 1638:. He developed the 635:Nanban trade period 591:Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 390:from 1868 to 1945, 189:Navy Blue and White 8727:12.7 cm/40 Type 88 8678:12.7 cm/40 Type 89 8646:Secondary armament 8033:Russo-Japanese War 8003:Two Lords Incident 7658:Imperial Household 6665:2019-11-16 at the 6224:, Excalibur Books 6220:Lyon, D.J. (1976) 5799:, p. 188–189. 5357:Miller, Edward S. 5229:www.j-aircraft.com 3926:Japan Encyclopedia 3878:2019-11-17 at the 3868:2005-11-16 at the 3643:North Korea portal 3629:South Korea portal 3533: 3481:. By August 1945, 3455:The defeat at the 3434: 3232: 3104:and two carriers: 3030: 3028:, Tokyo Bay, 1930s 2849: 2776: 2711: 2709:in the early 1920s 2504:South Seas Mandate 2488:East Asia squadron 2462:Kaiserin Elisabeth 2421: 2316: 2278:, to become hulls 2219:Battle of Tsushima 2215:Russo-Japanese War 2120: 2071:Russo-Japanese War 2034: 2006: 1950:Liaodong Peninsula 1946:Pescadores Islands 1940:(April 17, 1895), 1876: 1767: 1714:, built in France. 1590: 1582: 1562: 1509:protected cruisers 1448: 1335:Ships such as the 1311: 1289:on 27 March 1869. 1277:) commissioned by 1241: 1108:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1096: 691: 664:Hasekura Tsunenaga 624:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 554: 538: 517: 491:Russo-Japanese War 411:United States Navy 260:Commander-in-chief 231:Russo-Japanese War 221:Invasion of Taiwan 201:" ("Gunkan March") 199:Gunkan kōshinkyoku 177:Navy General Staff 8842: 8841: 8637:12.7 cm/50 Type 3 8494: 8493: 8466:Socialist thought 8414: 8413: 8353:Dutch East Indies 8315:Empire of Vietnam 8233: 8232: 8008:Satsuma Rebellion 7988:Meiji Restoration 7965: 7964: 7775: 7774: 7713:Greater East Asia 7599:Political parties 7554:Foreign relations 7301: 7300: 6772: 6771: 6455:Delorme, Pierre, 5370:Mahan, Alfred T. 4825:, pp. 60–61. 4741:, pp. 58–59. 4101:Jentschura p. 113 3727:with Navy support 3546:Japan Coast Guard 3403:Indian Ocean raid 3367:Mahanian doctrine 3362: 3361: 3275: 3188:second Vinson act 3074:Naval Air Service 2928:Doctrinal debates 2671:were assigned to 2500:League of Nations 2443:Siege of Tsingtao 2341:eight-eight fleet 2266:. The ships were 2202:was built at the 2112:protected cruiser 1570:protected cruiser 1549:protected cruiser 1547:The French-built 1385:Taiwan expedition 1379:proposal made by 1303:ironclad corvette 1250:Satsuma Rebellion 1046:Meiji Restoration 1017:The French-built 975:The screw-driven 808:San Juan Bautista 752:Morrison Incident 487:Sino-Japanese War 483:industrialization 471:Meiji Restoration 438:cultural exchange 328: 327: 16:(Redirected from 8912: 8860:Disbanded navies 8756:Type 93 13mm Gun 8751:Type 96 25mm gun 8717:10 cm/50 Type 88 8663:10 cm/65 Type 98 8622:12 cm/40 Type 41 8617:10 cm/65 Type 98 8560:46 cm/45 Type 94 8529:Second World War 8521: 8514: 8507: 8498: 8497: 8456:Shinmin no Michi 8446:Internment camps 8358:French Indochina 8242: 8241: 8093:Taishō Democracy 7974: 7973: 7897:Japanese holdout 7784: 7783: 7708:Colonial Affairs 7642: 7641: 7569:Yokusan Sonendan 7475: 7467: 7459: 7443: 7442: 7369:Economic history 7328: 7321: 7314: 7305: 7304: 7162:Bitchū-Matsuyama 6811: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6776: 6775: 6696: 6689: 6682: 6673: 6672: 6537: 6518: 6499: 6486:Ballantine Books 6452: 6419: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6367: 6348: 6329: 6307: 6288: 6269: 6250: 6217: 6196: 6148: 6129: 6110: 6082: 6081: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6009: 6003: 6002: 5999:Flightglobal.com 5996: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5968:. Archived from 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5942:. Archived from 5936: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5646: 5622: 5616: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5540: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5500: 5494: 5477: 5471: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5431: 5425: 5414: 5408: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5375: 5368: 5362: 5355: 5349: 5342: 5336: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5300: 5294: 5269: 5263: 5257: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5040:. Times of Malta 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4969: 4963: 4962:Jentschura p. 22 4960: 4954: 4947: 4941: 4940:Jentschura p. 23 4938: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4775: 4769: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4713: 4707: 4698: 4692: 4681: 4680: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4520: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4422: 4416: 4391: 4385: 4374: 4368: 4357: 4351: 4334: 4328: 4317: 4316: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4234: 4228: 4219: 4213: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4138: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4102: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4078: 4072: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4022: 4021: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3920: 3914: 3857: 3851: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3765: 3645: 3640: 3639: 3638: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3392:sinkings of HMS 3269: 3262: 3261: 3010:The battleships 2960: 2959: 2863:aircraft carrier 2845:aircraft carrier 2626:was replaced by 2513:battlecruisers ( 2492:Falkland Islands 2412:seaplane carrier 2300:semi-dreadnought 2204:Union Iron Works 2135:armored cruisers 1848:and the cruiser 1815:prismatic powder 1804:armored cruisers 1439:ironclad warship 1371:Korean Peninsula 1281:was launched at 1166: 1155: 1050:Meiji government 1019:ironclad warship 1014: 993: 972: 955:in 1863 and the 847: 823: 799: 780:opening of Japan 453:seclusion policy 449:Age of Discovery 378: 377: 371: 370: 369: 367: 359: 358: 350: 349: 323:List of aircraft 302: 264:Emperor of Japan 126:Navy Air Service 109: 105: 103: 102: 68: 55: 54: 43: 42: 21: 8920: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8865:Empire of Japan 8845: 8844: 8843: 8838: 8770: 8736: 8712:8 cm/40 Type 88 8697: 8658:8 cm/60 Type 98 8641: 8598: 8564: 8531: 8525: 8495: 8490: 8476:Yasukuni Shrine 8410: 8387: 8329: 8283: 8229: 8181:Tripartite Pact 8176:Rape of Nanking 8117: 8103:Tapani incident 8047: 8023:Boxer Rebellion 7981: 7961: 7925: 7916: 7865: 7856: 7791: 7771: 7765:Representatives 7733: 7730: 7729:Legislative and 7722: 7688:Foreign Affairs 7651: 7648: 7633: 7532: 7511:Government Seal 7496:Rising Sun Flag 7479: 7473: 7465: 7457: 7444: 7435: 7337: 7335:Empire of Japan 7332: 7302: 7297: 7235: 7211: 7179: 7155: 7131: 7108: 7085: 7062: 7015: 6984: 6926: 6812: 6809: 6803: 6773: 6768: 6705: 6700: 6667:Wayback Machine 6635: 6605:Global Oriental 6534: 6515: 6496: 6449: 6393: 6391: 6374: 6372:Further reading 6364: 6345: 6326: 6312:Peattie, Mark R 6304: 6285: 6266: 6247: 6145: 6126: 6107: 6091: 6086: 6085: 6078: 6062: 6058: 6051: 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6012:Thach, Marcel. 6010: 6006: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5924: 5922: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5896: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5822: 5818: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5756: 5745: 5741:, pp. 490. 5737: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5701: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5672: 5668: 5623: 5619: 5611:Parillo, Mark. 5610: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5565: 5561: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5510: 5503: 5495: 5480: 5472: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5445: 5441: 5432: 5428: 5415: 5411: 5394: 5390: 5382: 5378: 5369: 5365: 5359:War Plan Orange 5356: 5352: 5343: 5339: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5301: 5297: 5270: 5266: 5258: 5254: 5246: 5242: 5233: 5231: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5198: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5132: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5096: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5034: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4872:Schencking 2005 4870: 4866: 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4018: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3921: 3917: 3880:Wayback Machine 3870:Wayback Machine 3858: 3854: 3850:. 1967. p. 344. 3845: 3841: 3833: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3805: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3721:May 15 Incident 3661:Control Faction 3641: 3636: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3620: 3613: 3608: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3548: 3540:Main articles: 3538: 3515: 3442:Midway Campaign 3394:Prince of Wales 3376:escort carriers 3270:(1937–1945, in 3268: 3260: 3254: 3238: 3216: 3210: 3102:-class cruisers 3004: 2973:Alfred T. Mahan 2935:the Netherlands 2930: 2921:Type 93 torpedo 2832: 2795:Royal Air Force 2787:Sempill Mission 2782: 2780:Sempill Mission 2772:Tōgō Heihachirō 2756: 2729: 2721:Main articles: 2719: 2703:The battleship 2697: 2618:, and ports in 2552:flotilla leader 2439:Austria-Hungary 2404: 2396:Main articles: 2394: 2292: 2272:Arthur L. Busch 2084:pre-dreadnought 2073: 2067: 2051:"Six-Six Fleet" 2014:Yamamoto Gombei 1989: 1983: 1972:Boxer Rebellion 1968: 1966:Boxer Rebellion 1962: 1833: 1827: 1781:, built at the 1751: 1617:Sino-French War 1541: 1453: 1431: 1425: 1367: 1295: 1227: 1194:Ministry of War 1189: 1173:Republic of Ezo 1164: 1153: 1064: 1058: 1042: 1035: 1015: 1006: 994: 985: 973: 888:Enomoto Takeaki 867: 860: 852:sailing frigate 848: 839: 824: 815: 800: 730:Napoleonic wars 680: 672:Southeast Asian 637:. In 1613, the 546:Yamada Nagamasa 544:The warship of 523:A 16th-century 505: 499: 430:Asian continent 388:Empire of Japan 365: 362: 361: 331: 250: 181: 135: 100: 98: 73: 56: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8918: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8780: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8745: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8708: 8706: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8613: 8611: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8575: 8573: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8546: 8544: 8533: 8532: 8524: 8523: 8516: 8509: 8501: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8395: 8393: 8389: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8320:State of Burma 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8291: 8289: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8248: 8246: 8239: 8235: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8146:Musha Incident 8143: 8138: 8136:Jinan incident 8133: 8127: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8057: 8055: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7993:Beipu uprising 7990: 7984: 7982: 7977: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7959: 7957:Treaty Faction 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7928: 7926: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7887:Imperial Guard 7884: 7879: 7874: 7868: 7866: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7828: 7827: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7794: 7792: 7787: 7781: 7777: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7736: 7734: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7654: 7652: 7647:Administration 7645: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7498: 7493: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7469: 7461: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7345: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7331: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7308: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7287: 7280:(Transports): 7277: 7276: 7268: 7260: 7252: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7233: 7226:(Transports): 7223: 7221: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7201: 7194:(Transports): 7191: 7189: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7170:(Transports): 7167: 7165: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7146:(Transports): 7143: 7141: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7120: 7118: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7097: 7095: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7074: 7072: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7052: 7044: 7036: 7027: 7025: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7013: 7005: 6996: 6994: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6975:(Transports): 6972: 6971: 6963: 6955: 6947: 6938: 6936: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6916: 6908: 6900: 6892: 6884: 6876: 6868: 6860: 6853:(Transports): 6850: 6849: 6841: 6833: 6824: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6802: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6779: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6657: 6652: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6633:External links 6631: 6630: 6629: 6623: 6616: 6613:978-1905246281 6595: 6585:978-4573062108 6570: 6553: 6538: 6532: 6519: 6514:978-1615775811 6513: 6500: 6494: 6478:Hara, Tameichi 6474: 6460: 6453: 6447: 6434: 6420: 6399: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6363:978-1472801463 6362: 6349: 6343: 6330: 6325:978-1612514369 6324: 6308: 6303:978-1848321175 6302: 6289: 6283: 6270: 6264: 6251: 6245: 6232: 6218: 6208:(4): 289–302. 6197: 6187:(3): 185–196. 6176: 6163: 6149: 6143: 6130: 6124: 6111: 6106:978-1612512907 6105: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6056: 6049: 6031: 6004: 5983: 5957: 5931: 5910: 5901: 5895:978-0824825317 5894: 5874: 5852: 5843: 5837:978-1557503947 5836: 5816: 5814:, p. 492. 5801: 5789: 5783:978-1850655381 5782: 5762: 5760:, p. 491. 5743: 5731: 5729:, p. 172. 5719: 5717:, p. 169. 5707: 5705:, p. 489. 5690: 5678: 5676:, p. 488. 5666: 5637:(3): 390–406. 5617: 5604: 5602:, p. 371. 5592: 5580: 5571: 5559: 5547: 5545:, p. 340. 5528: 5526:, p. 341. 5516: 5514:, p. 358. 5501: 5499:, p. 357. 5478: 5463: 5461:, p. 239. 5451: 5449:, p. 238. 5439: 5426: 5409: 5388: 5376: 5363: 5350: 5337: 5324: 5321:Fighting Ships 5312: 5295: 5264: 5262:, p. 248. 5252: 5250:, p. 181. 5240: 5216: 5204: 5202:, p. 301. 5185: 5173: 5150: 5148:, p. 197. 5138: 5136:, p. 195. 5126: 5114: 5112:, p. 193. 5102: 5100:, p. 194. 5087: 5075: 5073:, p. 191. 5063: 5051: 5028: 5026:, p. 169. 5016: 5014:, p. 161. 5004: 5002:, p. 168. 4992: 4980: 4964: 4955: 4942: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4897: 4888: 4886:, p. 177. 4876: 4874:, p. 122. 4864: 4862:, p. 116. 4852: 4850:, p. 108. 4840: 4827: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4776: 4755: 4743: 4731: 4714: 4699: 4682: 4676:978-0415700238 4675: 4655: 4649:978-1576073445 4648: 4628: 4616: 4604: 4589: 4577: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4521: 4518:978-1844860302 4502: 4500:, p. 354. 4490: 4481: 4475:978-0674024427 4474: 4454: 4442: 4440:, p. 250. 4423: 4392: 4375: 4358: 4335: 4318: 4312:978-1931907309 4311: 4291: 4285:978-0415156189 4284: 4264: 4262:, p. 133. 4252: 4235: 4220: 4205: 4193: 4174: 4172:, p. 100. 4162: 4139: 4124: 4103: 4094: 4079: 4062: 4060:, p. 246. 4050: 4023: 4017:978-0804820974 4016: 3996: 3990:978-0521479585 3989: 3969: 3963:978-0226467658 3962: 3942: 3936:978-0674017535 3935: 3915: 3852: 3839: 3822: 3810: 3804:978-1855321311 3803: 3784: 3775: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3743: 3740:"Strike North" 3736:"Strike South" 3733: 3728: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3675:Treaty Faction 3668: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3632: 3618: 3604: 3588: 3585: 3579:(JSDF) as the 3537: 3534: 3531:, October 1946 3514: 3511: 3499:South Sakhalin 3495:Naval Infantry 3457:Philippine Sea 3360: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3256:Main article: 3253: 3250: 3234:Main article: 3215: 3212: 3054:"Circle plans" 3003: 3000: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2917: 2892: 2866: 2831: 2828: 2778:Main article: 2755: 2752: 2718: 2715: 2696: 2693: 2675:escort in the 2481:Maurice Farman 2393: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2375: 2359: 2337:Satō Tetsutarō 2291: 2288: 2210:, California. 2172: 2171: 2164: 2157: 2150: 2131: 2069:Main article: 2066: 2063: 1985:Main article: 1982: 1979: 1964:Main article: 1961: 1958: 1881:Fifth Division 1829:Main article: 1826: 1823: 1819:Shimose powder 1750: 1747: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1702: 1689: 1674: 1671: 1621:Kaikoku Nippon 1588:The Unebi 1886 1540: 1537: 1461:Iwakura Tomomi 1459:in July 1882, 1452: 1449: 1427:Main article: 1424: 1421: 1381:Saigō Takamori 1366: 1363: 1294: 1291: 1273:(soon renamed 1246:Saga Rebellion 1226: 1223: 1188: 1185: 1076:paddle steamer 1060:Main article: 1057: 1054: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1016: 1009: 1007: 995: 988: 986: 977:steam corvette 974: 967: 866: 863: 862: 861: 849: 842: 840: 825: 818: 816: 801: 794: 679: 676: 668:Red seal ships 608:warships when 501:Main article: 498: 495: 419:Western Allies 329: 326: 325: 319: 318: 317:Aircraft flown 314: 313: 308: 304: 303: 296: 292: 291: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 273: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 252: 251: 249: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 217: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 180: 179: 174: 169: 163: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 134: 133: 128: 123: 121:Combined Fleet 117: 115: 111: 110: 95: 91: 90: 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 69: 61: 60: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8917: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8829:61 cm Type 93 8827: 8825: 8824:61 cm Type 90 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8814:53 cm Type 95 8812: 8810: 8809:53 cm Type 92 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8799:45 cm Type 97 8797: 8795: 8794:45 cm Type 91 8792: 8790: 8789:53 cm Type 89 8787: 8785: 8784:53 cm Type 44 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8742:Anti-aircraft 8739: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8700: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8644: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8610:main armament 8609: 8605: 8601: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8572:main armament 8571: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8543:main armament 8542: 8541:battlecruiser 8538: 8534: 8530: 8522: 8517: 8515: 8510: 8508: 8503: 8502: 8499: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8431:Fukoku kyōhei 8429: 8427: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8417: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8400: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8390: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8332: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288:Puppet states 8286: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8226: 8223: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7952:Fleet Faction 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7932:General Staff 7930: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7919: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7872:General Staff 7870: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7826: 7825:military code 7824: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7785: 7782: 7778: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7755:Imperial Diet 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7745:Privy Council 7743: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7725: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7663:Home Ministry 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7643: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7506:Imperial Seal 7504: 7503: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7491:Flag of Japan 7489: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7462: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7410: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7329: 7324: 7322: 7317: 7315: 7310: 7309: 7306: 7293: 7292: 7291:Karafuto Maru 7288: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7231: 7230: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7214: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7182: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7158: 7151: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7134: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7111: 7104: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7088: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7065: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7018: 7011: 7010: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6987: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6929: 6922: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6800: 6795: 6793: 6788: 6786: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6739:Warship Units 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6719:General Staff 6717: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6697: 6692: 6690: 6685: 6683: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6400: 6390:on 2019-05-27 6389: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6365: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6336: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6295: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6276: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258:. Routledge. 6257: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6238: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6136: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6092: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6060: 6052: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6019: 6015: 6008: 6000: 5993: 5987: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5920: 5914: 5905: 5897: 5891: 5887: 5886: 5878: 5863:(in Japanese) 5862: 5856: 5847: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5820: 5813: 5808: 5806: 5798: 5793: 5785: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5766: 5759: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5723: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5687: 5682: 5675: 5670: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5608: 5601: 5596: 5590:, p. 13. 5589: 5584: 5575: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5551: 5544: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5525: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5498: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5475: 5470: 5468: 5460: 5455: 5448: 5443: 5436: 5430: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5373: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5292: 5291:General Wolfe 5288: 5284: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5261: 5256: 5249: 5244: 5230: 5226: 5225:"Sparrowhawk" 5220: 5214:, p. 19. 5213: 5208: 5201: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5183:, p. 17. 5182: 5177: 5169: 5168: 5160: 5154: 5147: 5142: 5135: 5130: 5123: 5118: 5111: 5106: 5099: 5094: 5092: 5085:, p. 12. 5084: 5079: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5039: 5032: 5025: 5020: 5013: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4977: 4976: 4968: 4959: 4952: 4946: 4937: 4935: 4928:, p. 84. 4927: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4901: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4813:, p. 52. 4812: 4807: 4801:, p. 65. 4800: 4795: 4789:, p. 88. 4788: 4783: 4781: 4774:, p. 60. 4773: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4753:, p. 59. 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4729:, p. 58. 4728: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4712:, p. 87. 4711: 4706: 4704: 4697:, p. 84. 4696: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4678: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4659: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4632: 4626:, p. 83. 4625: 4620: 4614:, p. 48. 4613: 4608: 4602:, p. 46. 4601: 4596: 4594: 4587:, p. 42. 4586: 4581: 4575:, p. 41. 4574: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4558:, p. 40. 4557: 4552: 4546:, p. 81. 4545: 4540: 4534:, p. 38. 4533: 4528: 4526: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4499: 4494: 4485: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4452:, p. 19. 4451: 4446: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4421:, p. 14. 4420: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4390:, p. 35. 4389: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4373:, p. 34. 4372: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4356:, p. 27. 4355: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4333:, p. 26. 4332: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4295: 4287: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4268: 4261: 4260:Sondhaus 2001 4256: 4250:, p. 12. 4249: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4233:, p. 18. 4232: 4227: 4225: 4218:, p. 19. 4217: 4212: 4210: 4202: 4197: 4191:, p. 12. 4190: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4171: 4170:Sondhaus 2001 4166: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4137:, p. 11. 4136: 4131: 4129: 4122:, p. 13. 4121: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4098: 4092:, p. 16. 4091: 4086: 4084: 4077:, p. 15. 4076: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3992: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3946: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3919: 3912: 3911: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3862:In Japanese: 3861: 3856: 3849: 3843: 3836: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3814: 3806: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3782:Evans, Kaigun 3779: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3671:Fleet Faction 3669: 3666: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3633: 3630: 3619: 3616: 3615:Taiwan portal 3605: 3602: 3591: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3570:In 1952, the 3568: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3519: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3199: 3198:Circle Four's 3195: 3194: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3101: 3096: 3095: 3091:In 1934, the 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2964:Kantai kessen 2953: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2910:torpedo tubes 2907: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2803:Fleet Air Arm 2799: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544:special force 2541: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2424:Japan entered 2418: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2335:theoretician 2334: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2321:battlecruiser 2313: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2208:San Francisco 2205: 2201: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2169: 2168:torpedo boats 2165: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1987:Six-six fleet 1978: 1975: 1973: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915:Beiyang Fleet 1912: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1873: 1872:Beiyang Fleet 1869: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1602:torpedo boats 1599: 1595: 1586: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1536: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1477: 1476:Meiji emperor 1471: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279:Thomas Glover 1276: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1265:Rikushu Kaijū 1262: 1258: 1257:Shusei Kokubō 1253: 1251: 1247: 1238: 1237: 1233:The ironclad 1231: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1187:Consolidation 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1159: 1152: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104:Battle of Awa 1101: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1003: 999: 992: 987: 983: 982: 978: 971: 966: 965: 964: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 902: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880:at Nagasaki. 879: 875: 874: 858: 857: 853: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828:Red Seal Ship 822: 817: 814: 810: 809: 805: 798: 793: 792: 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 762: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 741: 735: 731: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 707: 702: 698: 697: 688: 684: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 656: 651: 648: 644: 640: 636: 631: 629: 625: 621: 617: 616: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 585:the coast of 584: 580: 579: 574: 570: 565: 563: 559: 551: 547: 542: 536: 535:Tokugawa clan 532: 528: 527: 521: 514: 509: 504: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:modernization 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 459: 454: 450: 446: 443: 439: 435: 434:feudal period 431: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 380:Nippon Kaigun 372: 368: 353: 344: 340: 336: 330:Military unit 324: 320: 315: 312: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 288: 284: 282: 278: 274: 272: 268: 265: 262: 258: 253: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 216: 212: 208: 206:Anniversaries 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 164: 162: 158: 155: 154:Naval warfare 152: 148: 145: 142: 138: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 118: 116: 112: 108: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 67: 62: 59: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8419:Other topics 8255: 8098:Taishō Roman 7922: 7852:Conscription 7822: 7814: 7789:Armed Forces 7649:(ministries) 7549:Charter Oath 7544:Constitution 7426:State Shinto 7409:Essentialism 7359:Demographics 7290: 7282: 7271: 7263: 7255: 7247: 7228: 7204: 7196: 7172: 7148: 7124: 7101: 7078: 7055: 7047: 7039: 7031: 7008: 7000: 6977: 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Retrieved 5031: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4990:, p. 9. 4988:Peattie 2007 4983: 4974: 4967: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4921: 4909: 4904:Howe, p. 268 4900: 4895:Howe, p. 284 4891: 4879: 4867: 4855: 4843: 4835: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4794: 4746: 4734: 4665: 4658: 4638: 4631: 4619: 4607: 4580: 4551: 4539: 4509: 4505: 4493: 4488:Howe, p. 281 4484: 4464: 4457: 4445: 4301: 4294: 4274: 4267: 4255: 4203:, p. 9. 4196: 4165: 4160:, p. 7. 4097: 4053: 4048:, p. 5. 4006: 3999: 3979: 3972: 3952: 3945: 3925: 3918: 3909: 3892:Turtle ships 3886:Oda Nobunaga 3883: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3842: 3837:, p. 4. 3820:, p. 3. 3813: 3793: 3787: 3778: 3763: 3746: 3724: 3601:Japan portal 3569: 3549: 3522: 3505:campaign in 3503:Kuil Islands 3493: 3489:capital ship 3482: 3472: 3460: 3454: 3450: 3435: 3423: 3417: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3363: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3265: 3252:World War II 3246: 3242: 3239: 3226: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3184:Circle Three 3183: 3181: 3176:Circle Three 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3148:Circle Three 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3125:Circle three 3124: 3119:Circle Three 3117: 3112: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3090: 3086:Fourth fleet 3077: 3064: 3058: 3053: 3050:circle plans 3049: 3046:maru keikaku 3045: 3041: 3038:hoju keikaku 3037: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3002:Circle Plans 2996: 2992: 2984: 2977: 2962: 2954: 2946:militaristic 2942:World War II 2939:years before 2931: 2905: 2896: 2886: 2876: 2870: 2857: 2850: 2839: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2800: 2783: 2748: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2712: 2704: 2677:Indian Ocean 2667: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2547: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2514: 2508: 2485: 2477:Jiaozhou Bay 2467: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2447:Jiaozhou Bay 2422: 2415: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2363: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2317: 2314:" battleship 2306: 2283: 2279: 2262: 2254: 2243: 2222: 2212: 2198: 2188:, built for 2185: 2176: 2173: 2145: 2139: 2121: 2114: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2086:battleships 2055: 2050: 2035: 2028: 2011: 2007: 1999: 1976: 1969: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1895: 1877: 1865: 1861:The Chinese 1850: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1808: 1798: 1777: 1771: 1768: 1761: 1759:torpedo boat 1742: 1738: 1735: 1724: 1710: 1697: 1684: 1678: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1639: 1628:Émile Bertin 1625: 1620: 1608: 1606: 1591: 1572: 1551: 1531: 1525: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1480: 1472: 1464: 1457:Imo Incident 1454: 1442: 1416: 1414: 1404: 1397: 1374: 1368: 1355:Ishikawajima 1349: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1325: 1319: 1312: 1306: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1256: 1254: 1242: 1234: 1220: 1216: 1207:Katsu Kaishū 1190: 1180: 1161: 1150: 1148: 1120: 1116:in the North 1097: 1090: 1080: 1043: 1027: 1022: 1001: 980: 961: 959:in 1863–64. 922: 910:Léonce Verny 900: 882: 872: 868: 855: 807: 765: 749: 739: 727: 704: 694: 692: 658:, a 500-ton 654: 638: 632: 613: 610:Oda Nobunaga 599: 576: 573:Kubilai Khan 566: 562:Kofun period 555: 524: 456: 427: 404: 379: 360: 338: 334: 332: 246:World War II 160:Part of 57: 40: 8461:Shōwa Modan 8436:Hakkō ichiu 8373:Philippines 8260:after 1943) 8238:Territories 8196:Pacific War 8061:World War I 7937:Air Service 7877:Air Service 7750:Gozen Kaigi 7466:(Yoshihito) 7458:(Mutsuhito) 7404:Nationalism 7349:Agriculture 7229:Kōsoku Maru 7125:Yōshun Maru 7056:Denryū Maru 6951:Teibō No. 2 6943:Teibō No. 1 6920:Chōgei Maru 6904:Risshō Maru 6888:Kanrin Maru 6837:Chiyodagata 5976:25 December 5950:25 December 5686:Stille 2014 5600:Stille 2014 5588:Stille 2014 5083:Stille 2014 3725:coup d'état 3430:Truk Lagoon 3193:Circle Four 3078:Circle plan 2988:Pacific War 2768:Sparrowhawk 2427:World War I 2371:Dreadnought 2312:all-big-gun 2235:Vladivostok 2128:battleships 2080:Port Arthur 1917:during the 1886:Shanhaiguan 1795:Clyde-built 1661:Itsukushima 1613:French Navy 1594:Jeune École 1521:battleships 1270:Jo Sho Maru 1196:and of the 1112:fall of Edo 981:Kanrin Maru 901:Kanrin Maru 856:Shōhei Maru 778:led to the 719:cartography 447:during the 423:Pacific War 236:World War I 214:Engagements 8849:Categories 8537:Battleship 8225:Occupation 8053:Taishō era 7998:Boshin War 7842:War crimes 7638:Government 7614:Tonarigumi 7521:Privy Seal 7516:State Seal 7474:(Hirohito) 7399:Militarism 7354:Censorship 7283:Tōkyō Maru 7197:Ōsaka Maru 7173:Kaifū Maru 7149:Hijun Maru 7102:Izumi Maru 7048:Ennen Maru 6912:Kaiun Maru 6880:Hiryō Maru 6872:Kankō Maru 6856:Chōyō Maru 6552:(Japanese) 6550:4642066594 6533:0870213113 6495:0345278941 6472:0785814132 6448:081595302X 6432:1857540352 6394:2019-05-27 6344:0804749779 6284:087021893X 6265:0415214777 6246:1873410611 6230:0856132209 6174:0004709977 6161:0226354857 6144:0870211927 6125:1557500150 6089:References 6077:0415356407 6050:0804705259 5925:2014-08-03 5319:Westwood, 5287:Lord Clive 5281:Lord Clive 5234:2019-05-09 3904:Yi Sun-sin 3902:. Admiral 3900:0804705259 3428:moored in 3358:3,200,000 3094:Circle Two 3059:Circle One 2766:showing a 2685:Suez Canal 2433:, against 2303:battleship 2231:Sevastopol 2194:Mitsubishi 2161:destroyers 1911:Yalu River 1655:Matsushima 1553:Matsushima 1455:After the 1391:after the 1275:Ryūjō Maru 1129:, Chōshū, 1100:Boshin War 1062:Boshin War 1056:Boshin War 949:Royal Navy 873:Kankō Maru 813:Ishinomaki 770:, entered 736:involving 620:Oatakebune 583:plundering 552:(Thailand) 463:Edo period 455:under the 407:Royal Navy 394:following 255:Commanders 8776:Torpedoes 8703:Submarine 8604:Destroyer 8426:Sonnō jōi 8378:Singapore 8363:Hong Kong 8325:Azad Hind 8300:Mengjiang 8295:Manchukuo 8269:Kantō-shū 8211:Surrender 8123:Shōwa era 8108:Truku War 7979:Meiji era 7947:Tokkeitai 7912:Kempeitai 7823:Senjinkun 7740:Daijō-kan 7703:Munitions 7584:Mokusatsu 7374:Education 6978:Kayō Maru 6744:Air Units 6416:0043-0374 6214:0043-0374 6193:0043-0374 5867:April 21, 5861:"第１２航空艦隊" 5661:252472562 5653:0268-4527 5285:, namely 5273:HMS 4973:SMS 4498:Sims 1998 4438:Sims 1998 4058:Sims 1998 3747:Tokkeitai 3742:Doctrines 3583:(JMSDF). 3564:Article 9 3556:dissolved 3438:Coral Sea 3432:, in 1943 3380:submarine 3164:Kirishima 3013:Yamashiro 2969:attrition 2902:destroyer 2681:Singapore 2612:Marseille 2532:Kirishima 2369:HMS 2261:USS 2239:Kronstadt 2227:East Asia 2217:. At the 2047:AP shells 2012:In 1895, 1923:Weihaiwei 1906:Weihaiwei 1898:of Pungdo 1785:works in 1783:Armstrong 1727:torpedoes 1667:Hashidate 1646:Canet gun 1641:Sankeikan 1574:Hashidate 1532:Chen-Yüan 1526:Ting Yüan 1513:arms race 1500:Takachiho 1481:daijō-kan 1466:daijō-kan 1376:Seikanron 1322:Saga fief 1203:Bakumatsu 1143:Hiroshima 1123:Osaka Bay 1028:Stonewall 838:(Vietnam) 756:Opium War 738:HMS 655:Date Maru 550:Ayutthaya 526:atakebune 352:Shinjitai 86:Disbanded 8608:Kaibōkan 8404:Yen bloc 8392:Ideology 8383:Thailand 8252:Karafuto 8245:Colonies 7837:Kamikaze 7780:Military 7683:Treasury 7537:Policies 7528:Kimigayo 7449:Emperors 7416:Politics 7384:Eugenics 7342:Overview 7205:Kōkyōsen 7069:Kumamoto 6896:Hōō Maru 6845:Fujiyama 6819:Shogunal 6754:Aircraft 6724:Admirals 6663:Archived 6615:(cloth) 6603:London: 6593:50875162 6567:Hachette 6480:(1961). 6314:(2007). 5418:op. cit. 5397:op. cit. 5395:Miller, 4975:Radetzky 4834:Corbett 3876:Archived 3866:Archived 3587:See also 3474:kamikaze 3396:and HMS 3355:550,000 3352:1942–45 3347:130,000 3344:180,000 3082:Tomozuru 3070:cruisers 2884:(in the 2816:and HMS 2762:Captain 2683:and the 2679:between 2567:Kusunoki 2457:Wakamiya 2452:Wakamiya 2416:Wakamiya 2333:navalist 2282:through 2246:uprising 2244:Potemkin 2186:Aki-Maru 2154:cruisers 2110:and the 2101:Retvizan 2089:Peresvet 2043:KC armor 1944:and the 1931:Zhenyuan 1927:Dingyuan 1867:Zhenyuan 1763:Hayabusa 1743:en route 1711:Chishima 1598:cruisers 1579:Yokosuka 1359:Kawasaki 1287:Scotland 1283:Aberdeen 1169:Hokkaidō 1139:Kumamoto 1088:warship 1086:ironclad 1078:warship 1032:ironclad 1026:(ex-CSS 918:Nagasaki 914:Yokosuka 832:Nagasaki 701:Nagasaki 652:, built 647:Tokugawa 606:ironclad 489:and the 442:European 409:and the 343:Kyūjitai 290:Insignia 285:See list 275:See list 8744:weapons 8570:Cruiser 7970:History 7942:Marines 7579:Kokutai 7484:Symbols 7464:Taishō 7421:Statism 7364:Economy 7272:Kawachi 7264:Musashi 7248:Tsukuba 7216:Former 7184:Former 7160:Former 7138:Morioka 7136:Former 7113:Former 7090:Former 7067:Former 7032:Nisshin 7020:Former 6991:Satsuma 6989:Former 6931:Former 6829:Kōtetsu 6817:Former 6764:Battles 6759:Weapons 6562:Tokyo: 6024:19 July 5275:Furious 4953:, p. 68 4949:Jane's 4838:, 2:333 3425:Musashi 3398:Repulse 3336:50,000 3333:50,000 3325:70,000 3322:35,000 3314:80,000 3311:40,000 3303:75,000 3300:45,000 3142:Shōkaku 3136:Musashi 2914:turrets 2789:led by 2764:Sempill 2651:Nisshin 2616:Taranto 2585:Kashiwa 2579:Katsura 2479:. Four 2475:. from 2473:Qingdao 2435:Germany 2431:Entente 2384:Kawachi 2379:Satsuma 2364:Satsuma 2352:Marconi 2307:Satsuma 2268:Holland 2263:Holland 2199:Chitose 2192:by the 2182:Vickers 2116:Pallada 2095:Poltava 1902:the war 1890:Tianjin 1870:of the 1845:Yashima 1799:Chiyoda 1787:Elswick 1778:Yoshino 1693:frigate 1685:Yaeyama 1679:Chiyoda 1560:in 1894 1181:Kotetsu 1131:Satsuma 1091:Kōtetsu 1023:Kōtetsu 1002:Chiyoda 998:gunboat 929:Satsuma 925:domains 892:Tsukiji 884:Samurai 804:galleon 772:Edo Bay 740:Phaeton 706:rangaku 674:trade. 660:galleon 533:of the 515:in 1185 497:Origins 475:Emperor 461:of the 421:in the 386:of the 357:大日本帝国海軍 348:大日本帝國海軍 295:Roundel 131:Marines 94:Country 78:Founded 53:大日本帝國海軍 8834:Kaiten 8368:Malaya 8343:Borneo 8279:Taiwan 8274:Nan'yō 8264:Chōsen 8257:naichi 7472:Shōwa 7456:Meiji 7431:Kazoku 7379:System 7256:Settsu 7186:Kokura 7040:Mōshun 7001:Kasuga 6933:Chōshū 6734:Fleets 6611: 6591: 6583: 6548: 6530: 6511: 6492: 6470: 6445: 6430: 6414: 6360: 6341: 6322: 6300: 6281: 6262: 6243: 6228: 6212: 6191: 6172: 6159: 6141: 6122: 6103: 6074: 6047: 5892: 5834: 5780: 5659: 5651: 5401:Yardly 5385:Kaigun 5346:Kaigun 5308:Fubuki 5044:25 May 4673: 4646: 4516: 4472: 4309: 4282: 4014: 3987: 3960: 3933: 3910:Gloire 3898: 3801: 3552:Allies 3513:Legacy 3484:Nagato 3419:Yamato 3414:Yamato 3205:-class 3203:Yamato 3168:Mogami 3162:, and 3160:Haruna 3144:-class 3130:Yamato 3067:-class 3065:Mogami 3025:Haruna 2906:Fubuki 2899:-class 2897:Fubuki 2887:Yamato 2877:Nagato 2818:Hermes 2774:, 1921 2706:Nagato 2673:convoy 2656:Sakaki 2646:Yanagi 2644:, and 2638:Hinoki 2624:Akashi 2603:Sakaki 2600:, and 2548:Akashi 2529:, and 2526:Haruna 2511:-class 2468:Jaguar 2223:Mikasa 2177:Mikasa 2140:Yakumo 2107:Pobeda 2039:Harvey 2030:Katori 2001:Mikasa 1942:Taiwan 1919:battle 1851:Akashi 1772:Kotaka 1636:Sasebo 1494:Naniwa 1373:, the 1162:shōgun 1158:Honshū 1151:shōgun 1135:Kurume 1081:Kasuga 1034:, 1869 933:Chōshū 723:optics 711:Dejima 696:sakoku 650:Bakufu 643:Sendai 639:daimyō 615:daimyō 595:Ningbo 458:shōgun 445:powers 398:. The 209:27 May 186:Colors 114:Branch 104: 8348:Burma 8066:Entry 7760:Peers 7624:Senbu 7609:Tokkō 7218:Sunpu 7115:Akita 7079:Ryūjō 7009:Kenkō 6967:Hōshō 6959:Un'yō 6749:Ships 6729:Ranks 6573:Polak 6556:Polak 5995:(PDF) 5657:S2CID 5437:p. 35 5433:Lyon 5335:p. 34 5331:Lyon 5283:class 5162:(PDF) 3755:Notes 3524:Ibuki 3341:1941 3330:1940 3319:1939 3308:1938 3297:1937 3228:Akagi 3156:Kongō 3113:Hiryū 3107:Sōryū 2889:class 2871:Kongō 2858:Hōshō 2840:Hōshō 2823:Hōshō 2814:Argus 2743:Mutsu 2668:Azuma 2634:Kashi 2629:Izumo 2620:Egypt 2608:Malta 2591:Matsu 2573:Kaede 2515:Kongō 2509:Kongō 2325:Kongō 2146:Azuma 1739:Unebi 1731:mines 1706:aviso 1698:Takao 1609:Meiji 1517:China 1505:Krupp 1443:Ryūjō 1417:Seiki 1405:Un'yō 1344:Kongō 1326:Ryūjō 1307:Kongō 1165:' 1154:' 937:Hizen 896:Tokyo 836:Annam 811:, in 587:China 558:Korea 531:crest 440:with 307:Ranks 194:March 107:Japan 8705:guns 8606:and 8539:and 7678:Navy 7673:Army 7220:Navy 7188:Navy 7164:Navy 7140:Navy 7117:Navy 7094:Navy 7092:Tosa 7071:Navy 7024:Navy 7022:Saga 6993:Navy 6954:第二丁卯 6946:第一丁卯 6935:Navy 6840:千代田形 6821:Navy 6651:page 6609:ISBN 6589:OCLC 6581:ISBN 6546:ISBN 6528:ISBN 6509:ISBN 6490:ISBN 6468:ISBN 6443:ISBN 6428:ISBN 6412:ISSN 6408:XXIV 6358:ISBN 6339:ISBN 6320:ISBN 6298:ISBN 6279:ISBN 6260:ISBN 6241:ISBN 6226:ISBN 6210:ISSN 6206:LVII 6189:ISSN 6185:LVII 6170:ISBN 6157:ISBN 6139:ISBN 6120:ISBN 6101:ISBN 6072:ISBN 6045:ISBN 6026:2008 5978:2014 5952:2014 5890:ISBN 5869:2024 5832:ISBN 5778:ISBN 5649:ISSN 5289:and 5046:2015 4671:ISBN 4644:ISBN 4514:ISBN 4470:ISBN 4307:ISBN 4280:ISBN 4012:ISBN 3985:ISBN 3958:ISBN 3931:ISBN 3896:ISBN 3799:ISBN 3738:and 3673:and 3663:and 3544:and 3501:and 3422:and 3412:The 3281:Year 3172:Tone 3152:Hiei 3133:and 3110:and 3100:Tone 3019:Fusō 3016:and 2958:艦隊決戦 2725:and 2642:Momo 2597:Sugi 2520:Hiei 2471:off 2437:and 2410:The 2400:and 2298:The 2280:No.1 2237:and 2041:and 2024:The 1995:The 1929:and 1888:and 1842:and 1839:Fuji 1757:The 1658:and 1634:and 1632:Kure 1607:The 1600:and 1568:The 1529:and 1497:and 1491:The 1389:Army 1357:and 1350:Hiei 1347:and 1338:Fusō 1301:The 1236:Fusō 1192:the 1141:and 1127:Saga 1084:and 1070:The 1044:The 996:The 945:Kaga 943:and 941:Tosa 916:and 850:The 834:for 786:and 750:The 612:, a 578:wakō 511:The 481:and 384:navy 376:日本海軍 333:The 150:Role 144:Navy 140:Type 89:1945 81:1868 7668:War 6848:富士山 6607:. 5639:doi 3291:USN 3286:IJN 2561:Ume 2550:as 2206:in 2166:63 2159:24 951:'s 894:in 641:of 571:by 339:IJN 8851:: 8217:, 7294:樺太 7286:東京 7275:河内 7267:武蔵 7259:摂津 7251:筑波 7232:行速 7208:虹橋 7200:大坂 7176:快風 7152:飛隼 7128:陽春 7105:和泉 7082:龍驤 7059:電流 7051:延年 7043:孟春 7035:日進 7012:乾行 7004:春日 6981:華陽 6970:鳳翔 6962:雲揚 6923:長鯨 6915:開運 6907:立象 6899:鳳凰 6891:咸臨 6883:飛龍 6875:観光 6867:翔鶴 6859:朝陽 6832:甲鉄 6587:; 6544:, 6488:. 6466:, 6426:, 6406:. 6204:. 6183:. 5997:. 5804:^ 5746:^ 5693:^ 5655:. 5647:. 5635:38 5633:. 5629:. 5531:^ 5504:^ 5481:^ 5466:^ 5403:, 5310:". 5227:. 5188:^ 5164:. 5090:^ 4933:^ 4779:^ 4758:^ 4717:^ 4702:^ 4685:^ 4592:^ 4563:^ 4524:^ 4426:^ 4395:^ 4378:^ 4361:^ 4338:^ 4321:^ 4238:^ 4223:^ 4208:^ 4177:^ 4142:^ 4127:^ 4106:^ 4082:^ 4065:^ 4026:^ 3882:: 3825:^ 3770:, 3723:– 3509:. 3158:, 2961:, 2891:). 2640:, 2636:, 2614:, 2594:, 2588:, 2582:, 2576:, 2570:, 2564:, 2523:, 2517:, 2502:' 2233:, 2152:9 2133:8 2126:6 2104:, 2098:, 2092:, 1821:. 1806:. 1789:, 1704:1 1691:1 1341:, 1285:, 1137:, 1133:, 1118:. 939:, 935:, 920:. 790:. 721:, 630:. 597:. 425:. 354:: 345:: 341:; 8520:e 8513:t 8506:v 8254:( 8221:) 8213:( 7327:e 7320:t 7313:v 6798:e 6791:t 6784:v 6695:e 6688:t 6681:v 6536:. 6517:. 6498:. 6451:. 6418:. 6397:. 6366:. 6347:. 6328:. 6306:. 6287:. 6268:. 6249:. 6216:. 6195:. 6147:. 6128:. 6109:. 6080:. 6053:. 6028:. 6001:. 5980:. 5954:. 5928:. 5898:. 5871:. 5840:. 5786:. 5663:. 5641:: 5407:. 5348:. 5293:. 5237:. 5170:. 5048:. 4679:. 4652:. 4478:. 4315:. 4288:. 4020:. 3993:. 3966:. 3939:. 3807:. 3274:) 3048:( 3040:( 2916:. 2558:( 2284:5 2149:) 1523:( 337:( 197:" 38:. 20:)

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