244:, citing its poor editing and lack of pace. The general cinema-going population were bored by repeated viewings; in a letter to the Ministry of Information, one European resident complained that "the scheme is getting on the cinema-going public's nerves and a considerable amount of harsh talk is ensuing, which to my mind, completely eliminates all the original propaganda value". In the light of growing Indian nationalism, the newsreels' most vocal critics were those who attacked its political affiliations, denouncing
31:
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177:, but in post-war India, its popularity waned amid accusations of political bias and irrelevance to modern life. In March 1946, the IFI's production budget was cut, and by the end of the month it was closed down. Indian News Parade was taken over by Ambalal Patel's Central Cine Corporation, but never escaped its reputation as a government propaganda tool, and production finally stopped in September 1946.
109:
was subsequently established in
September 1942 by Patel and Sir Edward Villiers. In an attempt to make the newsreels more accessible to the local population, Villiers intended to focus the content primarily on civil matters, a departure from other newsreels of the day which were heavily Eurocentric.
202:
and promoted colonialism. However, as independence for India approached, the newsreels began to widen their scope to include coverage of India's religious communities (episode 71), political parties (episode135) and international relations (episode 55), and started covering plans for post-war India
225:
commented that, "the notification of compulsion seems to be an admission by
Government that the more interesting class of the public found the films uninteresting". Exhibitors, who were obliged to pay a rental fee in order to show the now-compulsory newsreel, complained that the practice "smacked
149:
newsreels dubbed into Indian languages. These were criticised by the
Ministry of Information and Film India for their failure to address the country's social issue and the developing war in Europe, and were not widely circulated. In April 1943, the Indian government issued a directive under the
197:
in episode 62, showing that it retained at least some degree of independent editorial control. It was highly India-centric, compared to other newsreels at the time, but nonetheless still advocated cooperation with the forces of the
88:
from 1942 to 1943, it was produced in response to the Anglo-centric newsreels created by
British and American companies. It suffered a poor critical reception, and production ceased shortly after the end of
158:(or other newsreels directly approved by the government) in an attempt to force it on an unwilling audience, a move which was heavily disapproved of. In order to better fulfil this directive, in 1943
237:). In spite of the newsreels intent to make the news accessible to the general Indian population, its colonial bias meant that it was largely out of touch with its intended audience.
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articles was felt to be insensitive in poorer rural areas, particularly when episodes touched lightheartedly on issues which directly affected them (such as the
134:, which all carried a distinct British or American bias, and although sometimes dubbed into local languages, were unpopular with the Indian population.
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reels focussed heavily on war propaganda, and were short on political commentary. In spite of objections from the government, the show covered
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India. Bureau of Public
Information; India. Information Services; India Press Information Bureau (1946).
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began to give prominence to Indian, rather than
British, political figures (episodes 135, 160 and 163).
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was originally intended to be independently produced and distributed. Early newsreels were produced by
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367:. Mumbai International Film Festival for Documentary, Short & Animation Films. 1998. p. 27.
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film material and contextual and analytical essays, were published on the project website
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was largely negative. After the newsreel was made compulsory in cinemas in 1943, the
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pitched the idea of a weekly Indian newsreel to the
British Government in India.
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Propaganda and
Information in Eastern India, 1939-45: A Necessary Weapon of War
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203:(episodes 70, 71 and 88). During this period in the run-up to independence,
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380:", July 1942-September 1943, INF 1/569, accessed at The National Archives.
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more of totalitarianism than democracy". The obligatory screening of the
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between
September 1943 and April 1946. Originally a newsreel named
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Some of the other newsreels circulated in India at the time were
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was scrapped and replaced with the government-controlled
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and labelling it irrelevant to the domestic audience.
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626:Colonial Film: Moving images of the British Empire
580:Leach to Joyce, 15 March 1944, Films for Publicity
302:Colonial Film: Moving Images of the British Empire
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551:From Raj to Swaraj: The Non-Fiction Film in India
101:After a trip to Hollywood in 1940, film producer
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483:Erik Barnouw; Subrahmanyam Krishnaswamy (1980).
378:"British Newsreels for Overseas Countries. India
717:Films set on the home front during World War II
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276:-funded collaborative project between IWM, the
420:Indian Movietone News 9; INF 1/569; Film India
582:, L/I/I/686, accessed at the British Library.
391:Indian News Parade: The First Indian Newsreel
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240:The Indian press was strongly critical of
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268:are preserved in the film archive of the
489:. Oxford University Press. p. 126.
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145:, and were largely reissued versions of
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282:British Empire and Commonwealth Museum
154:which required Indian cinemas to show
403:Luis Buñuel; Pranjali Bandhu (1992).
137:Whilst subsidised by the government,
527:. Malvika Singh. 1987. p. 2009.
274:Arts and Humanities Research Council
173:The new newsreel ran throughout the
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393:, IWM Review, No. 12 (1999), 29-35.
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712:World War II films made in wartime
166:, now produced and distributed by
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657:Black-and-white documentary films
364:A directory of Indian documentary
538:The Journal of the Film Industry
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256:Preservation and academic study
682:Indian short documentary films
524:Seminar: The Monthly Symposium
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702:World War II propaganda films
652:1940s short documentary films
562:Bhattacharya, Sanjoy (2001).
432:Vanita Kohli (14 June 2006).
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692:Indian black-and-white films
344:List of newsreels by country
222:Journal of the Film Industry
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296:issues, some enhanced with
143:Twentieth Century Fox India
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553:(New Delhi: Penguin, 2007)
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168:Information Films of India
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48:Information Films of India
707:Indian World War II films
435:The Indian Media Business
406:Cinema in focus: writings
286:University College London
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23:
292:, catalogue records for
272:. In 2010, following an
52:Central Cine Corporation
697:Indian propaganda films
601:IWM Collections Search
409:. Odyssey. p. 46.
278:British Film Institute
215:Critical reception of
119:British Paramount News
113:British Movietone News
262:Indian Movietone News
187:Indian Movietone News
160:Indian Movietone News
156:Indian Movietone News
139:Indian Movietone News
107:Indian Movietone News
85:Indian Movietone News
622:"Indian News Parade"
597:"Indian News Parade"
193:'s release from the
152:Defence of India Act
131:Gaumont British News
593:Imperial War Museum
540:, June 1943, 11, 12
512:, 1 April 1946, 372
438:. SAGE. p. 2.
422:, February 1943, 19
270:Imperial War Museum
510:Indian Information
472:. s.n. p. 32.
469:Indian information
294:Indian News Parade
266:Indian News Parade
246:Indian News Parade
242:Indian News Parade
231:Indian News Parade
217:Indian News Parade
205:Indian News Parade
164:Indian News Parade
71:Indian News Parade
36:Indian News Parade
24:Indian News Parade
496:978-0-19-502682-5
445:978-0-7619-3469-1
336:Journalism portal
248:as a tool of the
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486:Indian film
322:Film portal
250:British Raj
125:United News
44:Produced by
18:Indian film
677:1946 films
672:1945 films
667:1944 films
662:1943 films
646:Categories
350:References
228:jingoistic
185:The early
38:title card
687:Newsreels
568:Routledge
298:digitised
211:Reception
308:See also
76:newsreel
181:Content
97:History
58:Country
631:28 May
606:28 May
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451:31 May
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284:, and
280:, the
62:India
633:2012
608:2012
491:ISBN
453:2012
440:ISBN
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