1212:(JIC): A JIC is the facility whereby an incident, agency, or jurisdiction can support media representatives. Often co-located – even permanently designated – in a community or state EOC the JIC provides the location for interface between the media and the PIO. Most often the JIC also provides both space and technical assets (Internet, telephone, power) necessary for the media to perform their duties. A JIC very often becomes the "face" of an incident as it is where press releases are made available as well as where many broadcast media outlets interview incident staff. It is not uncommon for a permanently established JIC to have a window overlooking an EOC and/or a dedicated background showing agency logos or other symbols for televised interviews. The National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) at FEMA has both, for example, allowing televised interviews to show action in the NRCC behind the interviewer/interviewee while an illuminated "Department of Homeland Security" sign, prominently placed on the far wall of the NRCC, is thus visible during such interviews.
1206:(EOC): An emergency operations center is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization. An EOC is responsible for the strategic overview, or "big picture", of the disaster, and does not normally directly control field assets, instead making operational decisions and leaving tactical decisions to lower commands. The common functions of all EOC's is to collect, gather and analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws; and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and individuals. In most EOC's there is one individual in charge, and that is the Emergency Manager.
1229:
analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain continuity of the government or corporation, within the scope of applicable laws; and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and individuals. While often similar to an EOC, the MACC is a separate entity with a defined area or mission and lifespan whereas an EOC is a permanently established facility and operation for a political jurisdiction or agency. EOCs often, but not always, follow the general ICS principles but may utilize other structures or management (such as an emergency support function (ESF) or hybrid ESF/ICS model) schemas. For many jurisdictions the EOC is where elected officials will be located during an emergency and, like a MACC, supports but does not command an incident.
1218:(JOC): A JOC is usually pre-established, often operated 24/7/365, and allows multiple agencies to have a dedicated facility for assigning staff to interface and interact with their counterparts from other agencies. Although frequently called something other than a JOC, many locations and jurisdictions have such centers, often where Federal, state, and/or local agencies (often law enforcement) meet to exchange strategic information and develop and implement tactical plans. Large mass gathering events, such as a presidential inauguration, will also utilize JOC-type facilities although they are often not identified as such or their existence even publicized.
777:(IAPs) ensures cohesion amongst anyone involved toward strictly set goals. These goals are set for specific operational periods. They provide supervisors with direct action plans to communicate incident objectives to both operational and support personnel. They include measurable, strategic objectives set for achievement within a time frame (also known as an operational period) which is usually 12 hours but can be any length of time. Hazardous material incidents (hazmat) must be written, and are prepared by the planning section, but other incident reports can be both verbal and/or written.
1154:(ICP): The ICP is the location where the incident commander operates during response operations. There is only one ICP for each incident or event, but it may change locations during the event. Every incident or event must have some form of an incident command post. The ICP may be located in a vehicle, trailer, tent, or within a building. The ICP will be positioned outside of the present and potential hazard zone but close enough to the incident to maintain command. The ICP will be designated by the name of the incident, e.g., Trail Creek ICP.
766:
qualities allow the ICS flexibility and expertise of a range of organizations. But the network aspects of the ICS also create management challenges. One study of ICS after-action reports found that ICS tended to enjoy higher coordination when there was strong pre-existing trust and working relationships between members, but struggled when authority of the ICS was contested and when the networks of responders was highly diverse. Coordination on any incident or event is facilitated with the implementation of the following concepts:
1309:
down to a less qualified person (but still qualified to run the now-smaller incident) to free up highly qualified resources for other tasks or incidents. Other reasons to transfer command include jurisdictional change if the incident moves locations or area of responsibility, or normal turnover of personnel due to extended incidents. The transfer of command process always includes a transfer of command briefing, which may be oral, written, or a combination of both.
1174:: Locations, often temporary, within the general incident area that are equipped and staffed to provide sleeping, food, water, sanitation, and other services to response personnel that are too far away to use base facilities. Other resources may also be kept at a camp to support incident operations if a base is not accessible to all resources. Camps are designated by geographic location or number. Multiple camps may be used, but not all incidents will have camps.
456:
incidents. Federal agencies such as Public Safety Canada promote the use of ICS to enhance the nation's emergency preparedness and response capabilities. Canada's proximity to the United States has facilitated the exchange of best practices in emergency management, including the adoption of ICS. Cross-border cooperation and training exercises have enabled
Canadian agencies to align their incident management practices with those of their American counterparts.
1160:: Can be a location at or near an incident scene where tactical response resources are stored while they await assignment. Resources in staging area are under the control status. Staging areas should be located close enough to the incident for a timely response, but far enough away to be out of the immediate impact zone. There may be more than one staging area at an incident. Staging areas can be collocated with the ICP, bases, camps, helibases, or helispots.
297:
42:
1224:(MACC): The MACC is a central command and control facility responsible for the strategic, or "big picture" of a disaster. A MACC is often used when multiple incidents are occurring in one area or are particularly complex for various reasons such as when scarce resources must be allocated across multiple requests. Personnel within the MACC use
233:
coordination challenges above the incident or field level. It was not until 1972 when
Firefighting Resources of Southern California Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE) was formed that this need was recognized and the concept of ICS was first discussed. Also, ICS was originally called Field Command Operations System.
1195:
Each facility has unique location, space, equipment, materials, and supplies requirements that are often difficult to address, particularly at the outset of response operations. For this reason, responders should identify, pre-designate and pre-plan the layout of these facilities, whenever possible.
731:
Incident
Command structure is organized in such a way as to expand and contract as needed by the incident scope, resources and hazards. Command is established in a top-down fashion, with the most important and authoritative positions established first. For example, Incident Command is established by
106:
ICS includes procedures to select and form temporary management hierarchies to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. Personnel are assigned according to established standards and procedures previously sanctioned by participating authorities. ICS is a system designed to
1308:
A role of responsibility can be transferred during an incident for several reasons: As the incident grows a more qualified person is required to take over as
Incident Commander to handle the ever-growing needs of the incident, or in reverse where as an incident reduces in size command can be passed
1167:
is the location from which primary logistics and administrative functions are coordinated and administered. The base may be collocated with the incident command post. There is only one base per incident, and it is designated by the incident name. The base is established and managed by the logistics
701:
An incident command system promotes the use of a common terminology and has an associated glossary of terms that help bring consistency to position titles, the description of resources and how they can be organized, the type and names of incident facilities, and a host of other subjects. The use of
1046:
At the ICS 300 level, the focus is on entry-level management of small-scale, all-hazards incidents with emphasis on the scalability of ICS. It acts as an introduction to the utilization of more than one agency and the possibility of numerous operational periods. It also involves an introduction to
995:
information officer is also responsible for ensuring that an incident's command staff are kept apprised as to what is being said or reported about an incident. This allows public questions to be addressed, rumors to be managed, and ensures that other such public relations issues are not overlooked.
765:
One of the benefits of the ICS is that it allows a way to coordinate a set of organizations who may otherwise work together sporadically. While much training material emphasizes the hierarchical aspects of the ICS, it can also be seen as an inter-organizational network of responders. These network
452:, the Incident Command System (ICS) has gained recognition and utilization within various governmental and emergency response agencies. Canadian authorities have embraced ICS principles as an effective framework for managing incidents and emergencies, ensuring a coordinated and efficient response.
1110:
Unit, team, or force (leader) – Such as "communications unit," "medical strike team," or a "reconnaissance task force." A strike team is composed of same resources (four ambulances, for instance) while a task force is composed of different types of resources (one ambulance, two fire trucks, and a
972:
involves two or more individuals sharing the authority normally held by a single incident commander. Unified command is used on larger incidents usually when multiple agencies or multiple jurisdictions are involved. A Unified command typically includes a command representative from major involved
1228:
to guide their operations. The MACC coordinates activities between multiple agencies and incidents and does not normally directly control field assets, but makes strategic decisions and leaves tactical decisions to individual agencies. The common functions of all MACC's is to collect, gather and
994:
Public information officer – The public information officer (PIO or IO) serves as the conduit for information to and from internal and external stakeholders, including the media or other organizations seeking information directly from the incident or event. While less often discussed, the public
722:
Incidents are managed by aiming towards specific objectives. Objectives are ranked by priority; should be as specific as possible; must be attainable; and if possible given a working time-frame. Objectives are accomplished by first outlining strategies (general plans of action), then determining
756:
should be between three and seven individuals, with five being ideal. In other words, one manager should have no more than seven people working under them at any given time. If more than seven resources are being managed by an individual, then that individual is being overloaded and the command
1026:
At the ICS 200 level, the function of
Information and Intelligence is added to the standard ICS staff as an option. This role is unique in ICS as it can be arranged in multiple ways based on the judgement of the Incident Commander and needs of the incident. The three possible arrangements are:
973:
agencies and/or jurisdictions with one from that group to act as the spokesman, though not designated as an
Incident Commander. A Unified Command acts as a single entity. It is important to note, that in Unified Command the command representatives will appoint a single operations section chief.
980:
Area command – During multiple-incident situations, an area command may be established to provide for incident commanders at separate locations. Generally, an area commander will be assigned – a single person – and the area command will operate as a logistical and administrative support. Area
681:
Each individual participating in the operation reports to only one supervisor. This eliminates the potential for individuals to receive conflicting orders from a variety of supervisors, thus increasing accountability, preventing freelancing, improving the flow of information, helping with the
899:
Comprehensive resource management ensures that visibility is maintained over all resources so they can be moved quickly to support the preparation and response to an incident, and ensuring a graceful demobilization. It also applies to the classification of resources by type and kind, and the
455:
Federal, provincial, and territorial governments in Canada have adopted ICS as a key component of their emergency management strategies. This adoption is driven by the need to establish clear lines of communication, streamline resource allocation, and maintain accountability during critical
232:
At the beginning of this work, despite the recognition that there were incident or field level shortfalls in organization and terminology, there was no mention of the need to develop an on the ground incident management system like ICS. Most of the efforts were focused on the multi-agency
1055:
At the ICS 400 level, the focus is on large, complex incidents. Topics covered include the characteristics of incident complexity, the approaches to dividing an incident into manageable components, the establishment of an "area command", and the multi-agency coordination system (MACS).
1275:
The "type" of resource describes the size or capability of a resource. For instance, a 50 kW (for a generator) or a 3-ton (for a truck). Types are designed to be categorized as "Type 1" through "Type 5" formally, but in live incidents more specific information may be used.
739:
fire will have the officer filling the role of IC, with no other roles required. As more trucks get added to a larger incident, more roles will be delegated to other officers and the
Incident Commander (IC) role will probably be handed to a more-senior officer.
919:
resources are those that are not in either the "available" or "assigned" categories. Resources can be "out-of-service" for a variety of reasons including: resupplying after a sortie (most common), shortfall in staffing, personnel taking a rest, damaged or
1069:
ICS is organized by levels, with the supervisor of each level holding a unique title (e.g. only a person in charge of a section is labeled "chief"; a "director" is exclusively the person in charge of a branch). Levels (supervising person's title) are:
878:
is a key management principle that implies that all assets and personnel during an event need to be tracked and accounted for. It can also include processes for reimbursement for resources, as appropriate. Resource management includes processes for:
757:
structure needs to be expanded by delegating responsibilities (e.g. by defining new sections, divisions, or task forces). If fewer than three, then the position's authority can probably be absorbed by the next highest rung in the chain of command.
175:
in 1970. Property damage ran into the millions, and many people died or were injured. Studies determined that response problems often related to communication and management deficiencies rather than lack of resources or failure of tactics.
690:
Individual response agencies previously developed their protocols separately, and subsequently developed their terminology separately. This can lead to confusion as a word may have a different meaning for each organization.
924:
T-Cards (ICS 219, Resource Status Card) are most commonly used to track these resources. The cards are placed in T-Card racks located at an
Incident Command Post for easy updating and visual tracking of resource status.
501:
263:
Amendment and Re-authorization Act title III mandated that all first responders to a hazardous materials emergency must be properly trained and equipped in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120(q). This standard represents
1783:
1258:
The importance of access to computer systems is becoming more common within the advancements to technology and to support the standardised approach to incident and emergency response. Commonly referred to within the
743:
Only in the largest and most complex operations would the full ICS organization be staffed. Conversely, as an incident scales down, roles will be merged back up the tree until there is just the IC role remaining.
252:, in accordance with the passage of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5) calling for a standardized approach to incident management amongst all federal, state, and local agencies, developed the
102:
and procedures for managing temporary incident(s) of any size. ICS procedures should be pre-established and sanctioned by participating authorities, and personnel should be well-trained prior to an incident.
1300:(type & kind: fixed-wing aircraft, Type I). In this example, requesting only a fixed-wing or a rotary-wing, or requesting by type may prevent the other resource's availability from being known.
780:
The consolidated IAP is a very important component of the ICS that reduces freelancing and ensures a coordinated response. At the simplest level, all incident action plans must have four elements:
1147:
Response operations can form a complex structure that must be held together by response personnel working at different and often widely separate incident facilities. These facilities can include:
735:
Only positions that are required at the time should be established. In most cases, very few positions within the command structure will need to be activated. For example, a single fire truck at a
393:
In the United States, ICS has been tested by more than 30 years of emergency and non-emergency applications. All levels of government are required to maintain differing levels of ICS training and
1181:
is the location from which helicopter-centered air operations are conducted. Helibases are generally used on a more long-term basis and include such services as fueling and maintenance. The
1649:
1279:
The "kind" of resource describes what the resource is. For instance, generator or a truck. The "type" of resource describes a performance capability for a kind of resource for instance,
1263:
structure within United States Army, computers and computer-based systems allow responders to interface with each other to have access to the latest information for decision making. See
1014:
Finance/administration section chief: Tasked with tracking incident-related costs, personnel records, requisitions, and administrating procurement contracts required by
Logistics.
1808:
1698:
1011:
Planning section chief: Tasked with the collection and display of incident information, primarily consisting of the status of all resources and overall status of the incident.
1282:
In both type and kind, the objective must be included in the resource request. This is done to widen the potential resource response. As an example, a resource request for a
1100:
Division (supervisor) – A division is a unit arranged by geography, along jurisdictional lines if necessary, and not based on the makeup of the resources within the division.
1776:
479:
1928:
1505:
Werman, Howard A.; Karren, K; Mistovich, Joseph (2014). "National
Incident Management System:Incident Command System". In Werman A. Howard; Mistovich J; Karren K (eds.).
229:
was collaboratively developed to provide a consistent, integrated framework for the management of all incidents from small incidents to large, multi-agency emergencies.
1394:
1567:
1964:
1542:
222:
responses involving dozens of distinct agencies and when these various agencies worked together their specific training and procedures clashed. As a result, a new
507:
As of March 11, 2024, in Mexico the ICS is regulated by a federal norm: NOM-010-SSPC-2019. All municipal, state and federal agencies are obligated by this norm.
256:(NIMS) which integrates ICS. Additionally, it was mandated that NIMS (and thus ICS) must be utilized to manage emergencies in order to receive federal funding.
624:
1118:
Individual resource. This is the smallest level within ICS and usually refers to a single person or piece of equipment. It can refer to a piece of equipment
471:
2052:
2161:
1103:
Group (supervisor) – A group is a unit arranged for a purpose, along agency lines if necessary, or based on the makeup of the resources within the group.
654:. Incident command is increasingly applied to events both in emergency management and non-emergency management settings. Examples of events may include:
207:
team without direction from a team leader (IC) and those with specialized skills during an incident and without coordination with other first responders
1918:"Incident Action Planning Process "The Planning P" EXTRACTED FROM - Ell-IG 0300 INTERMEDIATE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM FOR EXPANDING INCIDENTS, ICS 300"
1853:
1436:
1462:
Dara, Saqib; Ashton, Rendell; Farmer, Christopher; Carlton, Paul (January 2005). "Worldwide disaster medical response: An historical perspective".
1645:
1037:
Information & intelligence branch, headed by an information & intelligence branch director, this branch is a part of the planning section.
413:, and the efficient use of resources are common to incident and emergency management as well as daily operations. ICS is mandated by law for all
1881:
1728:
2011:
933:
Developing an integrated voice and data communications system, including equipment, systems, and protocols, must occur prior to an incident.
422:
265:
797:
The content of the IAP is organized by a number of standardized ICS forms that allow for accurate and precise documentation of an incident.
151:
The ICS concept was formed in 1968 at a meeting of Fire Chiefs in Southern California. The program reflects the management hierarchy of the
1328:
1372:
682:
coordination of operational efforts, and enhancing operational safety. This concept is fundamental to the ICS chain of command structure.
2166:
991:
Safety officer – The safety officer monitors safety conditions and develops measures for assuring the safety of all assigned personnel.
1034:
Information & intelligence section, a section headed by an information & intelligence section chief, a general staff position.
698:
is an essential element in team cohesion and communications, both internally and with other organizations responding to the incident.
361:
1815:
1702:
333:
314:
2135:
1991:
752:
To limit the number of responsibilities and resources being managed by any individual, the ICS requires that any single person's
1917:
1754:
463:
340:
2094:
1398:
1191:
are more temporary locations at the incident, where helicopters can safely land and take off. Multiple helispots may be used.
31:
190:
Poor communication due to both inefficient uses of available communications systems and conflicting codes and terminology.
107:
be used or applied from the time an incident occurs until the requirement for management and operations no longer exist.
1623:
1571:
1338:
1323:
1287:
442:
434:
347:
253:
74:
2119:
1953:
1531:
245:
196:
No effective predefined way to integrate inter-agency requirements into the management structure and planning process.
1318:
380:
1597:
329:
2075:"Acceptance and utilisation of the Incident Command System in first response and allied disciplines: An Ohio study"
35:
1809:"WG-4 report presented to the Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction 8th Meeting Geneva, 5-6 November 2003"
249:
241:
219:
965:. In these incidents, a single person commands the incident response and is the decision-making final authority.
121:
Allows personnel from a wide variety of agencies to meld rapidly into a common management structure with common
1594:"Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS): Introductory Course of Instruction, Student Reference Manual"
318:
1245:
Tender – Like a tanker, but a ground vehicle, also carrying fuel (fuel tender), water (water tender), or even
1017:
Logistics section chief: Tasked with providing all resources, services, and support required by the incident.
236:
ICS became a national model for command structures at a fire, crime scene or major incident. ICS was used in
913:
resources are those that are ready for deployment(staged), but have not been assigned to a field assignment.
504:(CBMERJ) and by the Civil Defense of the State of Rio de Janeiro in every emergency or large-scale events.
2156:
2120:
National Incident Management System Emergency Operations Center How-to Quick Reference Guide (October 2022)
2049:
998:
Liaison officer – A liaison serves as the primary contact for supporting agencies assisting at an incident.
156:
2124:
1199:
On large or multi-level incidents, higher-level support facilities may be activated. These could include:
2171:
1849:
1421:
1343:
483:
417:
responses nationally and for many other emergency operations in most states. In practice, virtually all
541:
418:
1422:"The Incident Command System: High-Reliability Organizing for Complex and Volatile Task Environments"
1225:
521:
354:
17:
1870:
1724:
110:
ICS is interdisciplinary and organizationally flexible to meet the following management challenges:
2008:
1333:
307:
2032:
1368:
907:
resources are those that are working on a field assignment under the direction of a supervisor.
438:
280:
1532:"National Incident Management System Emergency Operations Center How-to Quick Reference Guide"
946:
Networks: The procedures and processes for transferring information internally and externally.
61:
providing a common hierarchy within which responders from multiple agencies can be effective.
1264:
969:
271:
HSPD-5 and thus the National Incident Management System came about as a direct result of the
2130:
1871:"The Network Governance of Crisis Response: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems (2009)"
1397:. Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance. Archived from
1369:"Glossary: Simplified Guide to the Incident Command System for Transportation Professionals"
1008:
Operations section chief: Tasked with directing all actions to meet the incident objectives.
493:
task force recommended the use of ICS as an international standard for wildfire incidents.
567:
276:
164:
118:
to cope with incidents of any kind or complexity (i.e. it expands or contracts as needed).
8:
1260:
575:
223:
136:
115:
1954:"National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) Forms Booklet"
397:
organizations regularly use ICS for management of events. ICS is widespread in use from
90:
scenes. In addition, ICS has acted as a pattern for similar approaches internationally.
1988:
1487:
1475:
1246:
962:
551:
426:
414:
152:
58:
218:
structures — frequently unique to each agency — did not scale to dealing with massive
2086:
1510:
1479:
1348:
1242:
Tanker – This is an aircraft that carries fuel (fuel tanker) or water (water tanker).
639:
618:
571:
184:
1750:
1491:
1680:
1471:
1294:
588:
475:
82:) in the US, where it has evolved into use in all-hazards situations, ranging from
2074:
554:
spills, releases to the air (toxic chemicals), releases to a drinking water supply
2056:
2015:
1995:
1857:
1684:
753:
723:
appropriate tactics (how the strategy will be executed) for the chosen strategy.
398:
204:
87:
27:
Standardized approach to command, control, and coordination of emergency response
583:
557:
490:
410:
394:
83:
1619:
694:
When different organizations are required to work together, the use of common
171:) that followed a series of catastrophic wildfires, starting with the massive
2150:
1185:
is usually designated by the name of the incident, e.g. Trail Creek helibase.
628:
609:
561:
430:
406:
237:
64:
ICS was initially developed to address problems of inter-agency responses to
2090:
1483:
702:
common terminology is most evident in the titles of command roles, such as
1238:
ICS uses a standard set of equipment nomenclature. ICS equipment include:
1143:
ICS uses a standard set of facility nomenclature. ICS facilities include:
57:) is a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of
1593:
1290:
943:
Planning: Planning for the use of all available communications resources.
695:
535:
459:
172:
122:
1293:
helicopter (type & kind: rotary-wing aircraft, Type II/III) or by a
1031:
Information & intelligence officer, a position on the command staff.
1297:
600:
579:
321: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
215:
200:
69:
1284:
small aircraft for aerial reconnaissance of a search and rescue scene
633:
545:
467:
272:
260:
168:
135:
Be cost effective by avoiding duplication of efforts, and continuing
129:
99:
296:
1570:. State of California, Office of Emergency Services. Archived from
1182:
736:
613:
592:
402:
226:
65:
1671:
Jamieson, Gil (May 2005). "Nims and the Incident Command System".
604:
538:- a cybersecurity incident, or major information security breach.
2125:
Federal Emergency Management National Incident Management System
1878:
Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19: 895–915
41:
1850:"IS-200: ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents"
497:
449:
142:
Provide a unified, centrally authorized emergency organization.
421:
and disaster response agencies utilize ICS, in part after the
2136:
Embracing the Incident Command System Above and Beyond Theory
1168:
section. The resources in the base are always out-of-service.
1122:
operator, and less often to multiple people working together.
596:
210:
Lack of knowledge with common terminology during an incident.
160:
1568:"Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) Guidelines"
961:
Single incident commander – Most incidents involve a single
433:
as a condition for federal preparedness funding. As part of
2139:
1620:"EMSI: A Working History of the Incident Command System"
1371:. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Operations.
940:
Modes: The "hardware" systems that transfer information.
2079:
Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning
1963:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. September 2010.
1461:
981:
commands usually do not include an operations function.
441:(NRP), the system was expanded and integrated into the
30:"Incident" redirects here. For the British system, see
1622:. Emergency Management Services International (EMSI).
1504:
936:
Effective ICS communications include three elements:
472:
Australasian Inter-Service Incident Management System
179:
Weaknesses in incident management were often due to:
45:
ICS basic organization chart (ICS-100 level depicted)
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
870:
726:
1777:"BRITISH COLUMBIA Emergency Management System 2016"
1646:"Hazardous waste operations and emergency response"
1420:Bigley, Gregory; Roberts, Karlene (December 2001).
502:The Fire Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro
1833:
2148:
489:In a 2003 disaster reduction strategy report, a
214:Emergency Managers determined that the existing
193:Lack of an orderly, systematic planning process.
132:and administrative support to operational staff.
34:. For California's Incident Command System, see
866:ICS 225 – Incident Personnel Performance Rating
851:ICS 215A – Incident Action Plan Safety Analysis
520:"Incident" redirects here. For other uses, see
462:has implemented a similar system, known as the
1673:International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1395:"Chapter 7: THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS)"
1083:Command staff member (officer) - command staff
286:
2063:, 28 October 2010, accessed 11 December 2010.
2039:, 28 October 2010, accessed 11 December 2010.
2022:, 28 October 2010, accessed 11 December 2010.
1419:
900:categorization of resources by their status.
854:ICS 218 – Support Vehicle/Equipment Inventory
529:unplanned situations necessitating a response
423:United States Department of Homeland Security
1910:
1751:"About ICS Canada - Incident Command System"
928:
818:ICS 205 – Incident Radio Communications Plan
793:What is the procedure if someone is injured?
1517:
2162:Disaster preparedness in the United States
2085:(3). Henry Stewart Publications: 224–230.
860:ICS 220 – Air Operations Summary Worksheet
717:
484:Emergency Management and Climate Readiness
183:Lack of accountability, including unclear
857:ICS 219 – Resource Status Cards (T-Cards)
381:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:, ICS was fully developed during massive
1699:"Alberta Health Services website on ICS"
1670:
848:ICS 215 – Operational Planning Worksheet
769:
155:, and at first was used mainly to fight
40:
1435:(6). Academy of Management: 1281–1299.
14:
2149:
2072:
1652:from the original on 26 September 2015
812:ICS 203 – Organization Assignment List
790:How do we communicate with each other?
464:Coordinated Incident Management System
98:ICS consists of a standard management
2131:FEMA Incident Command Resource Center
2097:from the original on 11 February 2016
1934:from the original on 24 December 2022
1887:from the original on 29 December 2013
1600:from the original on 8 September 2008
1596:. County of Santa Clara, California.
955:
827:ICS 207 – Incident Organization Chart
685:
531:. Examples of incidents may include:
279:, which created numerous All-Hazard,
2048:Federal Emergency Management Agency
2031:Federal Emergency Management Agency
2007:Federal Emergency Management Agency
1868:
1757:from the original on 10 January 2024
1731:from the original on 10 January 2024
1626:from the original on 10 January 2016
1329:Gold–silver–bronze command structure
527:Incidents are defined within ICS as
319:adding citations to reliable sources
290:
32:Gold-silver-bronze command structure
1989:National Incident Management System
1970:from the original on 1 January 2016
1339:National Incident Management System
1324:Federal Emergency Management Agency
1303:
1222:Multiple agency coordination center
1145:pre-designated incident facilities:
676:
443:National Incident Management System
254:National Incident Management System
75:National Incident Management System
24:
2073:Decker, Russell (1 October 2011).
1789:from the original on 30 April 2024
1648:. Occupational Safety and Health.
1476:10.1097/01.CCM.0000151062.00501.60
863:ICS 221 – Demobilization Check-Out
747:
25:
2183:
2167:Firefighting in the United States
2113:
1442:from the original on 4 March 2016
1429:The Academy of Management Journal
1319:Community Emergency Response Team
1047:the emergency operations center.
876:Comprehensive resource management
871:Comprehensive resource management
727:Flexible and modular organization
650:Events are defined within ICS as
1848:Emergency management Institute.
1548:from the original on 7 July 2024
1375:from the original on 7 July 2024
1270:
1050:
1041:
1021:
1002:
985:
839:ICS 211 – Incident Check-In List
836:ICS 210 – Resource Status Change
787:Who is responsible for doing it?
295:
36:Hospital Incident Command System
2066:
2042:
2025:
2001:
1982:
1946:
1899:
1862:
1801:
1769:
1743:
1717:
1691:
1664:
1638:
1507:Prehospital Emergency Care, 10e
1086:Section (chief) - general staff
760:
671:
306:needs additional citations for
250:Department of Homeland Security
1612:
1586:
1560:
1498:
1455:
1413:
1387:
1361:
950:
821:ICS 205A – Communications List
405:, as the basic goals of clear
248:in 1993. On 1 March 2004, the
72:but is now a component of the
13:
1:
1725:"Emergency Management Office"
1354:
1138:
830:ICS 208 – Safety Message/Plan
809:ICS 202 – Incident Objectives
2127:(archived 25 September 2015)
1685:10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-291
1253:
1233:
1064:
800:
661:Parades and other ceremonies
542:Emergency medical situations
515:
425:mandated the use of ICS for
203:” by individuals within the
7:
1344:National Response Framework
1312:
1265:Incident Command Post (ICP)
1204:Emergency operations center
806:ICS 201 – Incident Briefing
612:incidents, such as disease
287:Jurisdiction and legitimacy
93:
10:
2188:
1111:police car, for instance).
833:ICS 209 – Incident Summary
664:Fairs and other gatherings
519:
283:, multi-agency incidents.
146:
29:
1226:multi-agency coordination
1059:
929:Integrated communications
842:ICS 213 – General Message
815:ICS 204 – Assignment List
732:the first arriving unit.
645:
522:Incident (disambiguation)
330:"Incident Command System"
1906:"40 CFR 1910.120(q)(1)".
1452:| enter = 29.9.1987
1334:Incident Management Team
1210:Joint information center
712:Operations Section Chief
510:
2055:16 January 2011 at the
1998:– December 2008 Page 51
1216:Joint operations center
718:Management by objective
268:'s recognition of ICS.
167:efforts in California (
51:Incident Command System
1464:Critical Care Medicine
1286:may be satisfied by a
1267:for more information.
883:Categorizing resources
845:ICS 214 – Activity Log
824:ICS 206 – Medical Plan
784:What do we want to do?
500:, ICS is also used by
439:National Response Plan
46:
1152:Incident command post
889:Dispatching resources
775:Incident action plans
770:Incident Action Plans
114:Meets the needs of a
44:
2014:16 July 2011 at the
1994:4 April 2012 at the
1856:14 July 2007 at the
1852:. 29 November 2007
1513:, Inc. p. 1217.
968:Unified command – A
895:Recovering resources
625:Technological crisis
576:industrial accidents
315:improve this article
165:wildfire suppression
157:California wildfires
2157:Incident management
1727:. 8 December 2018.
1705:on 15 November 2009
1261:Command and Control
415:Hazardous Materials
224:command and control
2172:Management systems
1869:Moynihan, Donald.
1247:fire fighting foam
1076:Incident commander
963:incident commander
956:Incident commander
892:Tracking resources
886:Ordering resources
704:Incident Commander
686:Common terminology
667:Training exercises
652:planned situations
568:Man-made disasters
552:Hazardous material
427:emergency services
246:World Trade Center
59:emergency response
47:
1511:Pearson Education
1349:Search and rescue
1093:Branch (director)
640:Traffic incidents
619:Search and Rescue
589:Natural disasters
482:developed by the
391:
390:
383:
365:
277:11 September 2001
16:(Redirected from
2179:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2070:
2064:
2046:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2009:"FEMA Taskbooks"
2005:
1999:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1875:
1866:
1860:
1846:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1814:. Archived from
1813:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1701:. Archived from
1695:
1689:
1688:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:on 23 April 2008
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1304:Command transfer
1295:Civil Air Patrol
677:Unity of command
476:British Columbia
386:
379:
375:
372:
366:
364:
323:
299:
291:
187:and supervision.
185:chain of command
84:active shootings
21:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2147:
2146:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2071:
2067:
2057:Wayback Machine
2050:"FEMA Glossary"
2047:
2043:
2033:"FEMA Glossary"
2030:
2026:
2016:Wayback Machine
2006:
2002:
1996:Wayback Machine
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1858:Wayback Machine
1847:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1821:on 25 June 2007
1818:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1574:on 5 April 2009
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1503:
1499:
1460:
1456:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1315:
1306:
1273:
1256:
1236:
1141:
1067:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1024:
1005:
988:
970:unified command
958:
953:
931:
873:
803:
772:
763:
754:span of control
750:
748:Span of control
729:
720:
688:
679:
674:
648:
584:structure fires
572:vehicle crashes
525:
518:
513:
429:throughout the
399:law enforcement
387:
376:
370:
367:
324:
322:
312:
300:
289:
149:
96:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2114:External links
2112:
2109:
2108:
2065:
2041:
2024:
2000:
1981:
1945:
1909:
1898:
1861:
1832:
1800:
1768:
1742:
1716:
1690:
1679:(1): 291–294.
1663:
1637:
1611:
1585:
1559:
1516:
1497:
1454:
1412:
1386:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1288:National Guard
1272:
1269:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:(foam tender).
1243:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1155:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
992:
987:
984:
983:
982:
975:
974:
966:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
941:
930:
927:
922:
921:
917:Out-of-service
914:
908:
897:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
802:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
771:
768:
762:
759:
749:
746:
728:
725:
719:
716:
708:Safety Officer
687:
684:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
647:
644:
643:
642:
637:
631:
622:
616:
607:
586:
565:
562:active shooter
558:Hostage crises
555:
549:
539:
517:
514:
512:
509:
491:United Nations
478:, Canada, has
411:accountability
395:private sector
389:
388:
303:
301:
294:
288:
285:
212:
211:
208:
205:first response
197:
194:
191:
188:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
133:
126:
119:
95:
92:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2184:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1902:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1271:Type and kind
1268:
1266:
1262:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1057:
1051:400-Level ICS
1048:
1042:300-Level ICS
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1022:200-Level ICS
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:General staff
997:
993:
990:
989:
986:Command staff
979:
978:
977:
971:
967:
964:
960:
959:
945:
942:
939:
938:
937:
934:
926:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
901:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
798:
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
776:
767:
758:
755:
745:
741:
738:
733:
724:
715:
713:
709:
705:
699:
697:
692:
683:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
655:
653:
641:
638:
635:
632:
630:
629:system outage
626:
623:
620:
617:
615:
611:
610:Public health
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:
563:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:
532:
530:
523:
508:
505:
503:
499:
494:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:United States
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:communication
404:
401:to every-day
400:
396:
385:
382:
374:
363:
360:
356:
353:
349:
346:
342:
339:
335:
332: –
331:
327:
326:Find sources:
320:
316:
310:
309:
304:This section
302:
298:
293:
292:
284:
282:
281:Mass Casualty
278:
274:
269:
267:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:at the first
239:
234:
230:
228:
225:
221:
217:
209:
206:
202:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
182:
181:
180:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:. During the
158:
154:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
112:
111:
108:
104:
101:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2144:
2101:25 September
2099:. Retrieved
2082:
2078:
2068:
2060:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2019:
2003:
1984:
1974:25 September
1972:. Retrieved
1961:www.fema.gov
1960:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1924:
1912:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1877:
1864:
1823:. Retrieved
1816:the original
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1693:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1656:25 September
1654:. Retrieved
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1572:the original
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1538:
1506:
1500:
1470:(1): S2–S6.
1467:
1463:
1457:
1446:25 September
1444:. Retrieved
1432:
1428:
1415:
1405:23 September
1403:. Retrieved
1399:the original
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1363:
1307:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1257:
1237:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1158:Staging area
1157:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1119:
1068:
1054:
1045:
1025:
976:
935:
932:
923:
916:
910:
904:
898:
875:
874:
796:
779:
774:
773:
764:
761:Coordination
751:
742:
734:
730:
721:
711:
707:
703:
700:
693:
689:
680:
672:Key concepts
651:
649:
528:
526:
506:
495:
488:
458:
454:
447:
392:
377:
368:
358:
351:
344:
337:
325:
313:Please help
308:verification
305:
270:
258:
235:
231:
213:
178:
150:
116:jurisdiction
109:
105:
97:
79:
73:
63:
54:
50:
48:
1291:OH-58 Kiowa
951:Composition
920:inoperable.
696:terminology
580:derailments
536:Cyberattack
460:New Zealand
275:attacks on
201:Freelancing
173:Laguna fire
123:terminology
2151:Categories
1891:22 January
1761:10 January
1735:10 January
1630:13 January
1379:24 October
1355:References
1298:Cessna 182
1139:Facilities
621:operations
601:earthquake
564:situation.
341:newspapers
220:mutual aid
216:management
130:logistical
70:California
1254:Computers
1234:Equipment
1189:Helispots
1065:Personnel
911:Available
801:ICS forms
634:Terrorist
627:, e.g. a
614:outbreaks
593:wildfires
546:ambulance
516:Incidents
468:Australia
273:terrorist
261:Superfund
169:FIRESCOPE
100:hierarchy
66:wildfires
18:Incidents
2095:Archived
2091:22130340
2053:Archived
2012:Archived
1992:Archived
1965:Archived
1929:Archived
1925:DHS FEMA
1882:Archived
1854:Archived
1784:Archived
1755:Archived
1729:Archived
1650:Archived
1624:Archived
1598:Archived
1543:Archived
1539:DHS FEMA
1492:32514269
1484:15640674
1437:Archived
1373:Archived
1313:See also
1183:helibase
1179:helibase
905:Assigned
737:dumpster
658:Concerts
597:flooding
591:such as
578:, train
570:such as
548:service)
470:has the
445:(NIMS).
403:business
371:May 2024
238:New York
227:paradigm
137:overhead
128:Provide
94:Overview
1604:16 July
1578:16 July
636:attacks
605:tornado
355:scholar
244:on the
153:US Navy
147:History
2089:
1793:5 July
1709:14 May
1490:
1482:
1060:Design
646:Events
498:Brazil
450:Canada
357:
350:
343:
336:
328:
242:attack
88:hazmat
1968:(PDF)
1957:(PDF)
1938:4 May
1932:(PDF)
1921:(PDF)
1885:(PDF)
1874:(PDF)
1825:4 May
1819:(PDF)
1812:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1780:(PDF)
1552:4 May
1546:(PDF)
1535:(PDF)
1488:S2CID
1440:(PDF)
1425:(PDF)
1172:Camps
582:, or
511:Basis
480:BCEMS
362:JSTOR
348:books
161:1970s
2103:2015
2087:PMID
2061:FEMA
2037:FEMA
2020:FEMA
1976:2015
1940:2024
1893:2014
1827:2024
1795:2024
1763:2024
1737:2024
1711:2009
1677:2005
1658:2015
1632:2016
1606:2009
1580:2009
1554:2024
1480:PMID
1448:2015
1407:2009
1381:2018
1165:base
474:and
435:FEMA
334:news
266:OSHA
259:The
80:NIMS
49:The
2140:FBI
1681:doi
1472:doi
1120:and
710:or
603:or
560:or
496:In
448:In
437:'s
419:EMS
317:by
86:to
68:in
55:ICS
2153::
2138:,
2093:.
2081:.
2077:.
2059:,
2035:,
2018:,
1959:.
1927:.
1923:.
1880:.
1876:.
1835:^
1782:.
1753:.
1675:.
1541:.
1537:.
1519:^
1509:.
1486:.
1478:.
1468:33
1466:.
1433:44
1431:.
1427:.
1177:A
1163:A
714:.
706:,
599:,
595:,
574:,
486:.
466:,
409:,
2105:.
2083:5
1978:.
1942:.
1895:.
1829:.
1797:.
1765:.
1739:.
1713:.
1687:.
1683::
1660:.
1634:.
1608:.
1582:.
1556:.
1494:.
1474::
1450:.
1409:.
1383:.
544:(
524:.
384:)
378:(
373:)
369:(
359:·
352:·
345:·
338:·
311:.
199:“
139:.
125:.
78:(
53:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
