27:
402:
273:
attacks. The scope of this program is explicitly not mass killings or mass shootings but rather "a study of a specific type of shooting situation law enforcement and the public may face." Gang- and drug-related incidents are out of scope of this initiative. The first FBI report on active shooter incidents was published in
September 2014; the FBI has since released annual updates and a 20-year review.
327:. The ontology accommodates no room between the categories for benevolence, friendship or a mixture of good and bad. Their interpretation of the world may be fed by bullying or violent imagery (hence the common obsession with violent movies, books or video games), but it is the absolutist interpretation that drives them both to kill and to die.
89:, that is, they carry limited security measures to protect members of the public. In most instances, shooters die by suicide, are shot by police, or surrender when confrontation with responding law enforcement becomes unavoidable, and active shooter events are often over in 10 to 15 minutes. "According to
322:
breeds the problem, and sometimes the active shooter is a victim of bullying, directly or indirectly. Still others such as
Grossman and DeGaetano argue that the pervasiveness of violent imagery girding modern culture hosts the phenomenon. Another suggestion is that a particular interpretation of the
284:
According to the 2023 FBI report, the number of casualties in active shooter incidents rose in 2022, with 100 killed and 213 injured (not including the perpetrators) in 50 incidents. Twenty-nine of the 50 2022 active shooters were apprehended by law enforcement, seven were killed by law enforcement,
276:
The 2014 FBI report on active shooter incidents covered the period 2000 through 2013 and was the first time the United States federal government comprehensively identified and studied active shooter incidents over a significant period of time. 160 incidents and 486 deaths were included in the study.
272:
Pursuant to the responsibilities assigned to the DOJ by the Act, the FBI initiated a program including research into active shooter incidents and the development of training resources in support of helping national, state, and local law enforcement agencies prevent, respond to, and recover from such
301:
of cumbersome team formations fails to answer the rapid temporal dynamics of active shooter events and fails to grasp the nature of the threat involved. For civilians, when necessity or obligation calls, the tactical mandate is to attack the attacker—a strategy that has proved successful across a
200:
rescue and barricaded suspect situations. Police officers responding to an armed barricaded suspect often deploy with the intention of containing the suspect within a perimeter, gaining information about the situation, attempting negotiation with the suspect, and waiting for specialist teams like
293:
According to Ron Borsch, active shooters are not inclined to negotiate, preferring to kill as many people as possible, often to gain notoriety. Active shooters generally do not lie in wait to battle responding law enforcement officers. Few law enforcement officers have been injured responding to
280:
According to the 2022 FBI report, the frequency of active shooter incidents rose in 2021, with 61 incidents, up from 40 in 2020 and 30 in each of 2018 and 2019. 103 victims were killed and 140 wounded in the 2021 incidents (not including the perpetrators). In 2021, more active shooting incidents
70:
defines an active shooter as "one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area", excluding gun-related incidents that were the result of self-defense, gang or drug violence, residential or domestic disputes, crossfire as a byproduct of another
294:
active shooter incidents; fewer still have been killed. As noted, more often than not, when the prospect of confrontation with responding law enforcement becomes unavoidable, the active shooter commits suicide. And when civilians—even unarmed civilians—resist, the active shooter crumbles.
281:
involved multiple locations. All but one of the 2021 active shooters were male. Thirty of the 61 2021 active shooters were apprehended by law enforcement, 14 were killed by law enforcement, eleven took their own lives, and four were killed by armed citizens.
277:
The frequency and severity of active shooter incidents rose during the study period, averaging 6.4 incidents per year from 2000 through 2006 and 16.4 incidents per year from 2007 through 2013, with 366 of the 486 deaths occurring from 2007 through 2013.
763:
133:
as "an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims."
79:
as "an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims."
121:
defines an active shooter as "one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area.", excluding self-defense, gang or drug violence, crossfire, and domestic disputes.
2678:
1346:
34:
study reported how outcomes of active shooter attacks varied with actions of the attacker, the police (42% of total incidents), and bystanders (including a "good guy with a gun" outcome in 5.1% of total
753:
264:
In contrast with the definitions of mass killings or mass murder, the definition of active shooter includes the use of firearms, but does not include a threshold for fatalities (which may be none).
346:, isolated and absolute, exhaust and explain his world. And the peculiar logic driving the dialectic yields a fatal inference: in a world of victims and victimizers, success means victimization."
297:
Borsch's statistical analysis recommends a tactic: aggressive action. For law enforcement, the tactical imperative is to respond and engage the killer without delay‍—‌the affected
232:, clarified the statutory authority for federal law enforcement agencies to provide investigatory assistance to the States. The definition of "active shooter," subsequently agreed to by
1734:
1362:
323:
world, a conscious or subconscious ontology, accounts for the phenomenon. Proponents of this idea argue that the active shooter lives in a world of victims and victimizers, that
260:...one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area. Implicit in this definition is the shooter’s use of one or more firearms.
1402:
1250:
436:
2141:
2821:
1422:
1367:
1357:
1280:
1275:
459:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Investigation/U.S. Department of Justice/Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training at Texas State University. 2022
2066:
1055:
837:
137:
The terminology "active shooter" is critiqued by some academics. There have been several mass stabbings that have high casualty counts, for instance in
Belgium (
1525:
1517:
786:
47:. The term is primarily used to characterize shooters who are targeting victims indiscriminately and at a large scale, who oftentimes, will either commit
1395:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
504:
2361:
1914:
1243:
659:
1552:
335:
318:
Accounts of what factors lead to this type of incident vary. Some contend that the motive, at least proximately, is vengeance. Others argue that
221:
1635:
1388:
71:
ongoing criminal act, controlled barricade or hostage situations, or actions that appeared not to have put other people in peril. In 2008, the
2205:
1962:
1831:
1791:
1611:
490:
245:
126:
83:
Most incidents occur at locations in which the killers find little impediment in pressing their attack. Locations are generally described as
72:
561:
2058:
1895:
1236:
208:
If police officers believe that a shooter intends to kill as many people as possible before killing themselves, they may use a tactic like
1267:
877:
586:
2010:
1879:
1113:
2074:
2034:
2002:
1978:
1815:
1667:
1137:
Vossekuil, B.; Fein, R.; Reddy, M.; Borum, R.; Modzeleski, W. (2002). "The Final Report and
Findings of the Safe School Initiative".
935:
1699:
1659:
1466:
1213:
428:
2173:
1994:
1863:
1783:
1775:
1568:
964:
1970:
1847:
1544:
1509:
1037:"The US in 2022 saw highest number of 'active shooter' casualties – deaths or injuries – of the past 5 years, FBI report finds"
158:
456:
2323:
1938:
1627:
1619:
1096:
253:
225:
1218:
2876:
2264:
2149:
1759:
1691:
1651:
916:
2828:
2221:
1603:
1259:
1015:
249:
237:
2450:
2050:
1954:
1707:
1643:
1458:
1063:
2814:
1922:
1871:
1767:
1576:
1338:
360:
338:
writes that "The world conceived by the active killer is a dark dialectic of victim and victimizer. His impoverished
209:
146:
1223:
1036:
2082:
1839:
1823:
1799:
1595:
791:
2284:
2274:
2026:
1683:
1675:
1501:
920:
881:
814:
241:
118:
90:
67:
810:
2538:
2181:
2117:
1930:
1715:
681:
178:
26:
896:
640:
Communications, Government of Canada, RCMP, Public
Affairs and Communication Services Directorate, Corporate.
2756:
2101:
2042:
165:. Due to a worldwide increase in firearm and non-firearm based mass casualty attacks, including attacks with
189:, Tau Braun and the Violence Prevention Agency (VPA) has encouraged the use of the more accurate descriptor
2390:
2157:
2133:
833:"A coproduction research model between academia and law enforcement responsible for investigating threats"
1946:
1439:
754:"Obama's inconsistent claim on the 'frequency' of mass shootings in the U.S. compared to other countries"
170:
1203:
622:
2213:
392:
303:
138:
2765:
2588:
2440:
2430:
832:
2598:
2420:
2400:
2370:
2165:
1751:
97:
percent of active shooter incidents are ended by the application of force by police or security, 40
525:
2871:
2687:
2304:
2109:
2018:
901:
550:
483:
385:
196:
In police training manuals, the police response to an active shooter scenario is different from
2509:
2189:
2125:
1855:
1493:
1411:
324:
166:
2718:
2490:
2314:
2294:
1560:
597:
150:
142:
2881:
2835:
2342:
2332:
2197:
1887:
1485:
307:
285:
two were killed by armed citizens, nine took their own lives, and three remained at large.
229:
154:
1120:
698:
Booty, Marisa; O’Dwyer, Jayne; Webster, Daniel; McCourt, Alex; Crifasi, Cassandra (2019).
8:
2737:
2649:
2629:
2410:
1020:
749:
1380:
991:
2774:
2728:
2558:
2528:
2500:
1986:
1807:
996:
987:
969:
854:
726:
699:
596:. National Center for Biomedical Research and Training. 8 February 2014. Archived from
1228:
1171:
831:
Silver, James M.; Craun, Sarah W.; Wyman, John V.; Simons, Andre B. (April 26, 2021).
2886:
2480:
2352:
1092:
858:
731:
653:
174:
641:
157:; 8 children and 19 sleeping disabled adults dead, respectively), and Pennsylvania (
2807:
2708:
2659:
2619:
2568:
2254:
846:
721:
711:
355:
182:
965:"The F.B.I. released a report showing a steep rise in 'active' shooters on Monday"
850:
2849:
2842:
2639:
1352:
1086:
758:
375:
343:
233:
1219:
Surviving an active shooter situation—what to do when someone is shooting at you
2548:
365:
52:
20:
811:
A study of active shooter incidents in the United States between 2000 and 2013
716:
2865:
939:
700:"Describing a "mass shooting": the role of databases in understanding burden"
370:
186:
44:
2460:
1208:
960:
735:
380:
674:
2679:"'No Way to Prevent This', Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens"
85:
56:
1035:
Salahieh, Nouran; Rabinowitz, Hannah; Lybrand, Holmes (April 26, 2023).
2746:
2578:
2470:
1347:'No Way to Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens
406:
1016:"'Active shooter' attacks in 2021 doubled over recent years, FBI says"
2669:
2380:
943:
298:
1085:
Ayoob, Massad (2017). "Chapter 9, Lone
Citizen Heroes, Ron Borsch".
936:"FBI releases report examining 20 years of active shooter incidents"
441:
Data source: Advanced Law
Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center
401:
1056:"Solo Officer Entry for Active Shooters: Ron Borsch Q&A Part 1"
339:
319:
623:"Abstracts Database - National Criminal Justice Reference Service"
2518:
1088:
Straight Talk on Armed
Defense: What the Experts Want You to Know
197:
48:
109:
percent of cases the violence ends with the attacker fleeing."
105:
percent of the time the shooter surrenders, and in less than 1
2822:
List of school shootings in the United States by death toll
992:"F.B.I. Confirms a Sharp Rise in Mass Shootings Since 2000"
872:
870:
868:
826:
824:
675:
Mass Murder with
Firearms: Incidents and Victims, 1999–2013
673:
Krouse, William J.; Richardson, Daniel J. (July 30, 2015).
202:
697:
1410:
1040:
1034:
865:
821:
787:"Spa killings another grisly chapter in Georgia history"
497:
1258:
1136:
838:
Journal of
Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism
804:
802:
830:
693:
691:
457:
Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2021
390:
1224:
Four Ways PSIM Can Help in Active Shooter Situations
799:
427:
Buchanan, Larry; Leatherby, Lauren (June 22, 2022).
215:
878:Active shooter incidents 20-year review, 2000–2019
688:
642:"Immediate Action Rapid Deployment (IARD) Program"
1151:
426:
2863:
1139:US Secret Service and US Department of Education
909:
672:
1009:
1007:
420:
222:Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act
2142:Central Visual and Performing Arts High School
1214:FBI releases study on active shooter incidents
982:
980:
955:
953:
897:"Yes, Mass Shootings Are Occurring More Often"
809:Blair, J. Pete; Schweit, Katherine W. (2014).
306:) in Pennsylvania and Bill Badger in Arizona (
1396:
1244:
267:
161:; no deaths). Ron Borsch recommends the term
127:United States Department of Homeland Security
73:United States Department of Homeland Security
55:. More generally, an active perpetrator of a
1004:
927:
808:
658:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
342:brooks no nuance, admits no resolution. The
2198:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1111:
977:
950:
1403:
1389:
1251:
1237:
748:
639:
2110:Liberty Point International Middle School
2067:University of North Carolina at Charlotte
1165:
1163:
1130:
725:
715:
560:. Los Angeles County Sheriff Department.
451:
449:
784:
302:range of incidents from Norina Bentzel (
288:
224:of 2012, passed in the aftermath of the
101:percent end in the shooter's suicide, 14
25:
986:
894:
551:"Active Shooter Response & Tactics"
141:; 1 adult and 2 infants dead), Canada (
2864:
1518:California State University, Fullerton
1169:
1160:
1047:
1013:
959:
446:
159:Franklin Regional High School stabbing
1987:University of California, Los Angeles
1412:School shootings in the United States
1384:
1232:
1172:"The Psychology of the Active Killer"
1105:
1084:
478:
476:
474:
226:Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
2265:Detention: The Siege at Johnson High
1152:Grossman, D.; DeGaetano, G. (1999).
933:
742:
548:
491:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
439:from the original on June 22, 2022.
2829:Mass shootings in the United States
1915:University of Alabama in Huntsville
1260:Mass shootings in the United States
778:
666:
429:"Who Stops a 'Bad Guy With a Gun'?"
332:The Psychology of the Active Killer
250:Federal Emergency Management Agency
13:
895:Follman, Mark (October 21, 2014).
785:Albright, Mandi (March 17, 2021).
766:from the original on March 5, 2021
471:
19:For the cancelled video game, see
14:
2898:
2815:Gun violence in the United States
1339:Gun violence in the United States
1197:
917:"Active Shooter Safety Resources"
567:from the original on 11 July 2022
361:Immediate action rapid deployment
210:immediate action rapid deployment
147:2008 Beijing Drum Tower stabbings
43:is the perpetrator of an ongoing
2190:Virginia Commonwealth University
1209:Active Continuous Training (ACT)
1170:Modell, Daniel (December 2013).
792:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
484:"Active Shooter: How to Respond"
400:
216:United States federal definition
2275:Duck! The Carbine High Massacre
2206:University of Nevada, Las Vegas
2019:Rancho Tehama Elementary School
1963:Marysville Pilchuck High School
1792:Case Western Reserve University
1561:Hubbard Woods Elementary School
1176:Law Enforcement Executive Forum
1145:
1078:
1053:
1028:
934:Ryan, Shannon (June 11, 2021).
921:Federal Bureau of Investigation
888:
882:Federal Bureau of Investigation
815:Federal Bureau of Investigation
246:Department of Homeland Security
242:Federal Bureau of Investigation
119:Federal Bureau of Investigation
91:New York City Police Department
68:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2539:If Anything Happens I Love You
2059:Noblesville West Middle School
1896:University of Central Arkansas
1204:Active Shooter Mitigation Quiz
1154:Stop Teaching our Kids to Kill
1112:McGee, J.P.; DeBernardo, C.R.
682:Congressional Research Service
633:
615:
579:
542:
518:
310:) to David Benke in Colorado.
112:
16:Perpetrator of a mass shooting
1:
2757:Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
1545:49th Street Elementary School
1156:. New York: Crown Publishers.
1014:Berman, Mark (May 23, 2022).
851:10.1080/18335330.2021.1880018
413:
53:intend to be killed by police
2391:All the Boys Love Mandy Lane
2043:Stoneman Douglas High School
2011:North Park Elementary School
1939:Sandy Hook Elementary School
1880:Northern Illinois University
1636:Blackville–Hilda High School
1612:Bard College at Simon's Rock
587:"Tactical Response Magazine"
313:
7:
2877:Law enforcement terminology
2451:We Need to Talk About Kevin
2075:STEM School Highlands Ranch
2035:Marshall County High School
2003:Townville Elementary School
1979:Northern Arizona University
1816:Campbell County High School
1808:Red Lake Senior High School
1668:Bethel Regional High School
1577:Cleveland Elementary School
1553:Cokeville Elementary School
1526:Cleveland Elementary School
1440:Enoch Brown school massacre
505:"The Active Shooter Threat"
349:
10:
2905:
2166:Richneck Elementary School
1660:San Diego State University
1467:Rose-Mar College of Beauty
526:"2016 Preparedness Summit"
304:William Michael Stankewicz
268:FBI active shooter program
220:In the United States, the
139:Dendermonde nursery attack
18:
2790:
2699:
2610:
2243:
2236:
2174:Michigan State University
2093:
1906:
1864:Delaware State University
1832:Platte Canyon High School
1784:John McDonogh High School
1776:Appalachian School of Law
1743:
1730:
1587:
1569:Oakland Elementary School
1536:
1477:
1450:
1431:
1418:
1324:
1266:
1189:– via Ares Tactics.
717:10.1186/s40621-019-0226-7
145:; 5 adults dead), China (
59:may be referred to as an
2599:The Truth vs. Alex Jones
2421:The Life Before Her Eyes
2158:Juarez Community Academy
1971:Umpqua Community College
1848:West Nickel Mines School
1510:Computer Learning Center
1494:Jackson State University
325:all are one or the other
149:; 1 adult dead), Japan (
1888:E.O. Junior High School
1752:Buell Elementary School
1628:Wickliffe Middle School
1620:East Carter High School
1114:"The Classroom Avenger"
386:Active shooter training
254:Department of Education
2150:University of Virginia
2126:Robb Elementary School
1760:University of Arkansas
1692:Westside Middle School
1652:Frontier Middle School
990:(September 25, 2014).
558:publicintelligence.net
262:
191:mass casualty attacker
36:
2719:Lullaby for Columbine
2491:The Cokeville Miracle
2295:Bowling for Columbine
2285:Bang Bang You're Dead
2222:Apalachee High School
1716:Columbine High School
1604:Lindhurst High School
1486:Kent State University
289:Tactical implications
258:
240:(DOJ) including the
238:Department of Justice
151:Ikeda school massacre
143:2014 Calgary stabbing
93:(NYPD) statistics, 46
29:
2836:Thoughts and prayers
2688:A Mother's Reckoning
2051:Santa Fe High School
1955:Sparks Middle School
1947:Santa Monica College
1708:Thurston High School
1700:Parker Middle School
1644:Richland High School
1126:on October 30, 2007.
1091:. Gun Digest Media.
752:(December 3, 2015).
750:Ye Hee Lee, Michelle
512:MSA Special Analysis
308:2011 Tucson shooting
248:(DHS) including the
230:Newtown, Connecticut
155:Sagamihara stabbings
2630:Nobody Left to Hate
2362:"Time Stands Still"
2134:Rusdale High School
1923:Chardon High School
1872:SuccessTech Academy
1768:Santana High School
1459:University of Texas
1021:The Washington Post
988:Schmidt, Michael S.
704:Injury Epidemiology
2729:Shoot (Hellblazer)
2102:Oxford High School
2083:Saugus High School
1840:Weston High School
1824:Pine Middle School
1800:Rocori High School
1596:University of Iowa
997:The New York Times
970:The New York Times
646:www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca
603:on 10 October 2016
433:The New York Times
175:incendiary devices
37:
2859:
2858:
2786:
2785:
2766:"Valentine's Day"
2481:Sins of Our Youth
2353:American Yearbook
2232:
2231:
2214:Perry High School
2027:Aztec High School
1995:El Centro College
1726:
1725:
1684:Heath High School
1676:Pearl High School
1502:Olean High School
1378:
1377:
1098:978-1-4402-4754-5
163:rapid mass murder
2894:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2808:Columbine effect
2803:
2779:
2769:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2692:
2682:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2620:Give a Boy a Gun
2603:
2593:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2513:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2411:State's Evidence
2405:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2319:
2309:
2305:Heart of America
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2255:The Deadly Tower
2241:
2240:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2118:East High School
2113:
2105:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1931:Oikos University
1926:
1918:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1470:
1462:
1443:
1429:
1428:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1345:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1119:. Archived from
1118:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:on April 3, 2015
1062:. Archived from
1051:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1011:
1002:
1001:
984:
975:
974:
963:(May 24, 2022).
957:
948:
947:
931:
925:
924:
913:
907:
906:
892:
886:
885:
874:
863:
862:
828:
819:
818:
806:
797:
796:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
746:
740:
739:
729:
719:
695:
686:
685:
679:
670:
664:
663:
657:
649:
637:
631:
630:
619:
613:
612:
610:
608:
602:
591:
583:
577:
576:
574:
572:
566:
555:
549:Williams, John.
546:
540:
539:
537:
536:
522:
516:
515:
509:
501:
495:
494:
488:
480:
469:
468:
466:
464:
453:
444:
443:
424:
405:
404:
396:
356:Ballistic shield
252:(FEMA), and the
108:
104:
100:
96:
2904:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:School violence
2848:
2843:School shooting
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2706:
2695:
2685:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2640:No Easy Answers
2637:
2627:
2617:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2508:
2501:I'm Not Ashamed
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2245:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2182:Covenant School
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1732:
1731:2000 to present
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1446:
1438:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1379:
1374:
1353:School shooting
1343:
1326:
1320:
1262:
1257:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1048:
1033:
1029:
1012:
1005:
1000:. p. A.19.
985:
978:
958:
951:
932:
928:
915:
914:
910:
893:
889:
876:
875:
866:
829:
822:
807:
800:
783:
779:
769:
767:
759:Washington Post
747:
743:
696:
689:
677:
671:
667:
651:
650:
638:
634:
621:
620:
616:
606:
604:
600:
589:
585:
584:
580:
570:
568:
564:
553:
547:
543:
534:
532:
530:eventscribe.com
524:
523:
519:
507:
503:
502:
498:
493:. October 2008.
486:
482:
481:
472:
462:
460:
455:
454:
447:
425:
421:
416:
411:
399:
391:
376:School shooting
352:
316:
291:
270:
234:The White House
218:
115:
106:
102:
98:
94:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2902:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:Mass murderers
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2801:Active shooter
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2738:"The Nobodies"
2734:
2724:
2714:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2549:Run Hide Fight
2544:
2534:
2524:
2514:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2426:
2416:
2406:
2396:
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2366:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2328:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1350:
1341:
1336:
1334:Active shooter
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1198:External links
1196:
1193:
1192:
1159:
1144:
1129:
1104:
1097:
1077:
1046:
1027:
1003:
976:
949:
926:
908:
887:
864:
820:
798:
777:
741:
687:
665:
632:
614:
578:
541:
517:
496:
470:
445:
418:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:
389:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:Pseudocommando
363:
358:
351:
348:
344:two categories
315:
312:
290:
287:
269:
266:
217:
214:
131:active shooter
114:
111:
77:active shooter
41:active shooter
32:New York Times
21:Active Shooter
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:Related terms
2789:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2709:Pico's School
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:The Graduates
2585:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2441:Beautiful Boy
2437:
2433:
2432:
2431:April Showers
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:Virginia Tech
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1419:Prior to 2000
1417:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1369:
1368:by death toll
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:Related terms
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:Ron, Borsch.
1050:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1008:
999:
998:
993:
989:
983:
981:
972:
971:
966:
962:
961:Thrush, Glenn
956:
954:
945:
941:
940:Austin, Texas
937:
930:
922:
918:
912:
904:
903:
898:
891:
883:
879:
873:
871:
869:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
834:
827:
825:
816:
812:
805:
803:
794:
793:
788:
781:
765:
761:
760:
755:
751:
745:
737:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
694:
692:
684:. p. 26.
683:
676:
669:
661:
655:
647:
643:
636:
628:
627:www.ncjrs.gov
624:
618:
599:
595:
594:ncbrt.lsu.edu
588:
582:
563:
559:
552:
545:
531:
527:
521:
513:
506:
500:
492:
485:
479:
477:
475:
458:
452:
450:
442:
438:
434:
430:
423:
419:
408:
403:
398:
397:
394:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
347:
345:
341:
337:
336:Daniel Modell
333:
328:
326:
321:
311:
309:
305:
300:
295:
286:
282:
278:
274:
265:
261:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
213:
211:
206:
204:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
132:
128:
125:In 2008, the
123:
120:
110:
92:
88:
87:
81:
78:
74:
69:
64:
62:
61:active killer
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:mass shooting
42:
33:
28:
22:
2800:
2773:
2755:
2745:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2686:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2597:
2587:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2527:
2517:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2461:Hello Herman
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2401:American Gun
2399:
2389:
2379:
2371:The Only Way
2369:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2273:
2263:
2253:
1363:2000–present
1333:
1276:20th century
1184:. Retrieved
1179:
1175:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1121:the original
1107:
1087:
1080:
1070:September 9,
1068:. Retrieved
1064:the original
1060:Spartan Cops
1059:
1049:
1030:
1019:
995:
968:
929:
911:
902:Mother Jones
900:
890:
845:(1): 32–43.
842:
836:
790:
780:
768:. Retrieved
757:
744:
707:
703:
668:
645:
635:
626:
617:
605:. Retrieved
598:the original
593:
581:
569:. Retrieved
557:
544:
533:. Retrieved
529:
520:
511:
499:
461:. Retrieved
440:
432:
422:
381:Spree killer
371:Running amok
331:
329:
317:
296:
292:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
259:
219:
207:
195:
190:
187:acid attacks
162:
136:
130:
124:
116:
86:soft targets
84:
82:
76:
65:
60:
40:
38:
31:
2882:Mass murder
2775:The Library
2732:(1999/2010)
2559:The Fallout
2510:"Dead Kids"
1358:before 2000
256:(DOE), is:
244:(FBI), the
129:defined an
113:Terminology
75:defined an
57:mass murder
35:incidents).
2866:Categories
2793:and topics
2747:columbinus
2611:Literature
2579:Eric Larue
2471:Rudderless
2246:television
1327:and topics
1186:2021-03-11
880:(Report).
813:(Report).
710:(47): 47.
680:(Report).
607:28 October
571:28 October
535:2017-10-04
463:January 8,
414:References
171:explosives
2670:Hate List
2660:Columbine
2381:Dawn Anna
2315:Home Room
1735:full list
1423:full list
1281:2000–2009
859:233402612
314:Causation
299:orthodoxy
179:stabbings
2887:Rampages
2343:Zero Day
2333:Elephant
2244:Film and
2237:In media
770:April 9,
764:Archived
736:31828004
654:cite web
562:Archived
437:Archived
350:See also
340:ontology
320:bullying
183:slashing
167:vehicles
2681:(2014—)
2519:Vox Lux
2324:"Jimmy"
884:. 2021.
727:6889601
198:hostage
193:(MCA).
49:suicide
2778:(2014)
2768:(2013)
2760:(2005)
2750:(2005)
2740:(2000)
2722:(1999)
2712:(1999)
2691:(2016)
2673:(2009)
2663:(2009)
2653:(2003)
2643:(2002)
2633:(2001)
2623:(2000)
2602:(2024)
2592:(2023)
2582:(2023)
2572:(2021)
2562:(2021)
2552:(2020)
2542:(2020)
2532:(2019)
2529:Safety
2522:(2018)
2512:(2018)
2504:(2016)
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