231:
1482:
1740:
38:
1947:
1961:
1604:
1265:
2099:
4772:
2033:
352:
4794:
4147:
1387:
1257:
4783:
1768:
49:
1236:. Capsizing can occur shortly after calving when the iceberg is young and establishing balance. Icebergs are unpredictable and can capsize anytime and without warning. Large icebergs that break off from a glacier front and flip onto the glacier face can push the entire glacier backwards momentarily, producing 'glacial earthquakes' that generate as much energy as an atomic bomb.
338:. Icebergs may reach a height of more than 100 metres (300 ft) above the sea surface and have mass ranging from about 100,000 tonnes up to more than 10 million tonnes. Icebergs or pieces of floating ice smaller than 5 meters above the sea surface are classified as "bergy bits"; smaller than 1 meterâ"growlers". The largest known iceberg in the
1793:, with an area of 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi), was still the largest iceberg on Earth until it ran aground and split into several pieces October 27, 2005, an event that was observed by seismographs both on the iceberg and across Antarctica. It has been hypothesized that this breakup may also have been abetted by ocean swell generated by an
573:
1758:
Icebergs contain variable concentrations of nutrients and minerals that are released into the ocean during melting. Iceberg-derived nutrients, particularly the iron contained in sediments, can fuel blooms of phytoplankton. Samples collected from icebergs in
Antarctica, Patagonia, Greenland, Svalbard,
1750:
The freshwater injected into the ocean by melting icebergs can change the density of the seawater in the vicinity of the iceberg. Fresh melt water released at depth is lighter, and therefore more buoyant, than the surrounding seawater causing it to rise towards the surface. Icebergs can also act as
1502:
in detecting icebergs. A decade later, oceanographic monitoring outposts were established for the purpose of collecting data; these outposts continue to serve in environmental study. A computer was first installed on a ship for the purpose of oceanographic monitoring in 1964, which allowed for a
52:
51:
56:
55:
50:
1614:
The NIC is the only organization that names and tracks all
Antarctic Icebergs. It assigns each iceberg larger than 10 nautical miles (19 km) along at least one axis a name composed of a letter indicating its point of origin and a running number. The letters used are as follows:
57:
377:
3541:
MacAyeal, Douglas R; Okal, Emile A; Aster, Richard C; Bassis, Jeremy N; Brunt, Kelly M; Cathles, L. Mac; Drucker, Robert; Fricker, Helen A; Kim, Young-Jin; Martin, Seelye; Okal, Marianne H; Sergienko, Olga V; Sponsler, Mark P; Thom, Jonathan E (2006).
54:
1219:
Air trapped in snow forms bubbles as the snow is compressed to form firn and then glacial ice. Icebergs can contain up to 10% air bubbles by volume. These bubbles are released during melting, producing a fizzing sound that some may call "Bergie
928:
1564:(an observation satellite that orbits the Earth's poles) on March 1, 2002. ENVISAT employs advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) technology, which can detect changes in surface height accurately. The Canadian Space Agency launched
120:, was measured at nearly 300 by 40 kilometres (186 by 25 mi) in 2000. The largest iceberg on record was an Antarctic tabular iceberg measuring 335 by 97 kilometres (208 by 60 mi) sighted 240 kilometres (150 mi) west of
1224:". This sound results when the water-ice interface reaches compressed air bubbles trapped in the ice. As each bubble bursts it makes a "popping" sound and the acoustic properties of these bubbles can be used to study iceberg melt.
609:, as well as the surface area, volume, and stability of the iceberg. Iceberg deterioration and drift, therefore, are interconnected ie. iceberg thermodynamics, and fracturing must be considered when modelling iceberg drift.
1523:
1497:
Aerial surveillance of the seas in the early 1930s allowed for the development of charter systems that could accurately detail the ocean currents and iceberg locations. In 1945, experiments tested the effectiveness of
1472:
of
Newfoundland and provided the "limits of all known ice" in that vicinity to the maritime community. The IIP published their first records in 1921, which allowed for a year-by-year comparison of iceberg movement.
3483:
Martin, Seelye; Drucker, Robert; Aster, Richard; Davey, Fred; Okal, Emile; Scambos, Ted; MacAyeal, Douglas (2010). "Kinematic and seismic analysis of giant tabular iceberg breakup at Cape Adare, Antarctica".
3368:
Hopwood, Mark J.; Carroll, Dustin; Höfer, Juan; Achterberg, Eric P.; Meire, Lorenz; Le Moigne, Frédéric A. C.; Bach, Lennart T.; Eich, Charlotte; Sutherland, David A.; Gonzålez, Humberto E. (December 2019).
721:
92:
and is floating freely in open water. Smaller chunks of floating glacially derived ice are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". Much of an iceberg is below the water's surface, which led to the expression
602:, the vertical unit vector, and a given force. The subscripts a, w, r, s, and p correspond to the air drag, water drag, wave radiation force, sea ice drag, and the horizontal pressure gradient force.
1525:
1124:
1046:
348:
in 1958, making it the height of a 55-story building. These icebergs originate from the glaciers of western
Greenland and may have interior temperatures of â15 to â20 °C (5 to â4 °F).
53:
1712:
announced a plan to move one to South Africa at an estimated cost of $ 200 million. In 2019, a German company, Polewater, announced plans to tow
Antarctic icebergs to places like South Africa.
1731:
exceeds the total freshwater consumption of the United States, in 2016 the province introduced a tax on iceberg harvesting and imposed a limit on how much fresh water can be exported yearly.
1865:
in northern
Greenland on August 5, 2010, considered to be the largest Arctic iceberg since 1962. About a month later, this iceberg split into two pieces upon crashing into Joe Island in the
568:{\displaystyle m{\frac {d{\vec {v}}}{dt}}=-mf{\vec {k}}\times {\vec {v}}+{\vec {F}}_{\text{a}}+{\vec {F}}_{\text{w}}+{\vec {F}}_{\text{r}}+{\vec {F}}_{\text{s}}+{\vec {F}}_{\text{p}},}
3718:
1600:
ice conditions. More than 95% of the data used in its sea ice analyses are derived from the remote sensors on polar-orbiting satellites that survey these remote regions of the Earth.
1704:
The idea of towing large icebergs to other regions as a source of water has been raised since at least the 1950s, without having been put into practice. In 2017, a business from the
2635:
Meroni, Agostino N.; McConnochie, Craig D.; Cenedese, Claudia; Sutherland, Bruce; Snow, Kate (10 January 2019). "Nonlinear influence of the Earth's rotation on iceberg melting".
1939:
shortly after. Icebergs in both the northern and southern hemispheres have often been compared in size to multiples of the 59.1 square kilometres (22.8 sq mi)-area of
3873:
2307:
1205:
1178:
1151:
1076:
751:
774:
4055:
1524:
807:
1440:
killed more than 1,500 of its estimated 2,224 passengers and crew, seriously damaging the 'unsinkable' claim. For the remainder of the ice season of that year, the
852:
2590:
Hester, Eric W.; McConnochie, Craig D.; Cenedese, Claudia; Couston, Louis-Alexandre; Vasil, Geoffrey (12 February 2021). "Aspect ratio affects iceberg melting".
2006:
made studies on arctic trips aboard steamships in 1883 and 1884 that were the basis of his paintings of arctic scenes with colossal icebergs made in the studio.
1248:-colored. Seawater, algae and lack of air bubbles in the ice can create diverse colors. Sediment can create the dirty black coloration present in some icebergs.
847:
827:
3916:
1445:
227:
about 1,025 kg/m (64 lb/cu ft). The contour of the underwater portion can be difficult to judge by looking at the portion above the surface.
1789:
in 2000 and initially had an area of 11,000 square kilometres (4,200 sq mi). It broke apart in
November 2002. The largest remaining piece of it,
636:. Melting can be due to solar radiation, or heat and salt transport from the ocean. Iceberg calving is generally enhanced by waves impacting the iceberg.
1759:
and
Iceland, however, show that iron concentrations vary significantly, complicating efforts to generalize the impacts of icebergs on marine ecosystems.
1511:
photographs of ice in
Antarctica. Systems for optical satellites had been developed but were still limited by weather conditions. In the 1980s, drifting
3651:
3060:
2855:
2380:
2967:
3007:
3669:
3165:
2187:
1283:
In addition to size classification (Table 1), icebergs can be classified on the basis of their shapes. The two basic types of iceberg forms are
4004:
3707:
933:
The influence of the shape of an iceberg and of the
Coriolis force on iceberg melting rates has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments.
3081:
2881:
2254:"Impact of the B-15 iceberg "stranding event" on the physical and biological properties of sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica"
1696:
In Labrador and Newfoundland, iceberg management plans have been developed to protect offshore installations from impacts with icebergs.
2489:"Surveying Drifting Icebergs and Ice Islands: Deterioration Detection and Mass Estimation with Aerial Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning"
230:
2128:
645:
3740:
3112:
3883:
2907:
2321:
2021:. The ship made it through unscathed to the next morning, when the sun rose and "touched the crowns, Of all those arctic kings."
4838:
4027:
3583:
1452:
to devise a more permanent system of observing icebergs. Within three months the participating maritime nations had formed the
4085:
3045:
1422:, a German liner, rammed an iceberg and suffered a crushed bow, but she was still able to complete her voyage. The advent of
4833:
3974:
2253:
1481:
3952:
3544:"Transoceanic wave propagation links iceberg calving margins of Antarctica with storms in tropics and Northern Hemisphere"
3237:
Stephenson, Gordon R.; Sprintall, Janet; Gille, Sarah T.; Vernet, Maria; Helly, John J.; Kaufmann, Ronald S. (June 2011).
1081:
942:
3771:
3065:
1244:
Icebergs are generally white because they are covered in snow, but can be green, blue, yellow, black, striped, or even
2047:
4140:
3906:
2017:. While on a return journey from Europe in 1841, her steamship encountered a field of icebergs overnight, during an
3850:
1869:
next to Greenland. In June 2011, large fragments of the Petermann Ice Islands were observed off the Labrador coast.
3688:
1739:
3939:"An iceberg about 70 times the size of Manhattan broke off from Antarctica, creating the world's largest iceberg"
2072:
1673:
1391:
639:
Melting tends to be driven by the ocean, rather than solar radiation. Ocean driven melting is often modelled as
4828:
3831:
3276:
Ardhuin, Fabrice; Tournadre, Jean; Queffeulou, Pierre; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny; Collard, Fabrice (January 2011).
2985:
1413:
98:
3011:
2404:"Bergy Bit and Melt Water Trajectories in GodthÄbsfjord (SW Greenland) Observed by the Expendable Ice Tracker"
4179:
4111:
2014:
1929:
1437:
4043:
3655:
1841:
1319:
116:
ice shelves often produce large tabular (table top) icebergs. The largest iceberg in recent history, named
4229:
2388:
3798:
2339:
1724:
1533:
3938:
2971:
1999:
1950:
1720:
1548:, it provides images of Earth for scientific and commercial purposes. This system was the first to use
1412:
Prior to 1914 there was no system in place to track icebergs to guard ships against collisions despite
620:), or drift into shallow waters, where they can come into contact with the seabed, a phenomenon called
4576:
1728:
1368:: An iceberg with steep, vertical sides and a flat top. It differs from tabular icebergs in that its
343:
3996:
1995:
1823â1824 is polar landscape with an iceberg and ship wreck depicting the dangers of such conditions
3802:
2829:
1936:
1776:
1681:
1549:
1453:
220:
37:
31:
17:
1183:
1156:
1129:
1054:
729:
4331:
3277:
3238:
3196:
2449:
2402:
Carlson, Daniel F.; Boone, Wieter; Meire, Lorenz; Abermann, Jakob; Rysgaard, SĂžren (2017-08-28).
2163:
2002:
created detailed paintings of sailing ships set in arctic coasts and was fascinated by icebergs.
1536:(SLAR) made it possible to acquire images regardless of weather conditions. On November 4, 1995,
339:
3371:"Highly variable iron content modulates iceberg-ocean fertilisation and potential carbon export"
3278:"Observation and parameterization of small icebergs: Drifting breakwaters in the southern ocean"
1984:, 1861 was painted from sketches Church completed on a boat trip off Newfoundland and Labrador.
1946:
1372:, the ratio between its width and height, is small, more like that of a block than a flat sheet.
94:
4818:
4385:
1985:
1752:
1708:
announced plans to tow an iceberg from Antarctica to the Middle East; in 2019 salvage engineer
1430:
2363:
2228:
756:
2087:
1975:
1557:
1545:
923:{\displaystyle 0.75^{\circ }{\text{C}}^{-1}{\text{m}}^{0.4}{\text{day}}^{-1}{\text{s}}^{0.8}}
779:
621:
359:
3953:"An iceberg 80 times the size of Manhattan could destroy a fragile South Atlantic ecosystem"
2139:
612:
Winds and currents may move icebergs close to coastlines, where they can become frozen into
4786:
4667:
4219:
4116:
3851:"A chunk of ice twice the size of Manhattan has broken off Greenland in the last two years"
3555:
3493:
3447:
3382:
3331:
3289:
3250:
3208:
3061:"Why a Middle Eastern business thirsty for water can't just tow an iceberg from Antarctica"
2792:
2735:
2644:
2609:
2562:
2500:
2461:
2265:
2052:
1705:
1418:
371:
A given iceberg's trajectory through the ocean can be modelled by integrating the equation
4793:
4224:
3630:
1677:
27:
Large piece of freshwater ice broken off a glacier or ice shelf and floating in open water
8:
4672:
3713:
2724:"The Intensity, Directionality, and Statistics of Underwater Noise From Melting Icebergs"
1581:
1359:
211:
Typically about one-tenth of the volume of an iceberg is above water, which follows from
125:
3559:
3497:
3451:
3386:
3335:
3293:
3254:
3212:
2796:
2739:
2648:
2613:
2575:
2566:
2550:
2504:
2465:
2269:
2204:
4775:
4310:
3509:
3411:
3370:
2761:
2660:
2599:
2448:
Bigg, Grant R.; Wadley, Martin R.; Stevens, David P.; Johnson, John A. (October 1997).
2289:
1627:
1441:
1423:
832:
812:
184:
2473:
4823:
4172:
4047:
3465:
3416:
3398:
3347:
2933:
2810:
2765:
2753:
2704:
2664:
2528:
2425:
2281:
1862:
1603:
1465:
1303:
1277:
3591:
3513:
3320:"Enhanced Southern Ocean marine productivity due to fertilization by giant icebergs"
2293:
849:
is a constant based on properties of the iceberg and the ocean and is approximately
4551:
4039:
3911:
3563:
3501:
3455:
3406:
3390:
3339:
3297:
3258:
3216:
2800:
2743:
2694:
2652:
2621:
2617:
2570:
2518:
2508:
2469:
2415:
2273:
2003:
1964:
1940:
1589:
1568:
in December 2007, which uses SAR and multi-polarization modes and follows the same
1516:
1221:
193:
148:
4077:
3817:
3435:
2899:
1580:
Iceberg concentrations and size distributions are monitored worldwide by the U.S.
1264:
4201:
4107:
3301:
3170:
2312:
2018:
2010:
1960:
1916:
1905:
1665:
1273:
178:
175:
169:
166:
97:" to illustrate a small part of a larger unseen issue. Icebergs are considered a
4151:
3966:
1322:, are typically tabular. The largest icebergs in the world are formed this way.
198:
156:
4756:
4746:
4556:
3394:
3262:
2805:
2780:
1990:
1786:
1608:
1597:
1556:
energy to the ocean surface and records the reflections to track icebergs. The
1315:
1233:
599:
331:
152:
3220:
2699:
2682:
2277:
2192:
Icebergs float in salt water, but they are formed from freshwater glacial ice.
1519:. They are equipped with sensors that measure ocean temperature and currents.
342:
was 168 metres (551 ft) above sea level, reported by the USCG icebreaker
4812:
4571:
4523:
4508:
4376:
4051:
3469:
3402:
3351:
2814:
2757:
2708:
2532:
2429:
2420:
2403:
2285:
2067:
2038:
1816:
1790:
1716:
1490:
3874:"An Iceberg 30 Times the Size of Manhattan Is About to Break Off Antarctica"
3708:"Iceberg four times the size of London breaks off from Antarctica ice shelf"
1348:: An iceberg with a steep edge on one side and a slope on the opposite side.
1232:
An iceberg may flip, or capsize, as it melts and breaks apart, changing the
605:
Icebergs deteriorate through melting and fracturing, which changes the mass
4581:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4381:
4351:
4165:
3776:
3527:
3460:
3420:
3117:
3025:
1980:
1912:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1855:
1848:
1834:
1827:
1809:
1641:
1461:
1369:
235:
121:
117:
42:
3612:
3319:
2252:
Remy, J.-P.; Becquevort, S.; Haskell, T.G.; Tison, J.-L. (December 2008).
4751:
4657:
4541:
4513:
4503:
4498:
4436:
4421:
4406:
4391:
4315:
4279:
3907:"An iceberg 5 times bigger than Manhattan just broke off from Antarctica"
3568:
3543:
3505:
2748:
2723:
2656:
2098:
2057:
1802:
1782:
1772:
1709:
1685:
1655:
1631:
1593:
1504:
1469:
1457:
1395:
1269:
633:
327:
105:
78:
4687:
3275:
1444:
patrolled the waters and monitored ice movements. In November 1913, the
1426:
in ship construction led designers to declare their ships "unsinkable".
4741:
4621:
4606:
4566:
4561:
4441:
4416:
4366:
4341:
4245:
2523:
2513:
2488:
1565:
1541:
351:
335:
243:
Iceberg size classifications according to the International Ice Patrol
113:
3436:"Impact of icebergs on net primary productivity in the Southern Ocean"
3318:
Duprat, Luis P. A. M.; Bigg, Grant R.; Wilton, David J. (March 2016).
2032:
1974:
Artists have used icebergs as the subject matter for their paintings.
4713:
4703:
4682:
4611:
4456:
4431:
4411:
4346:
4336:
4305:
4300:
4265:
3997:"Online Collection - Caspar David Friedrich, The Sea of Ice, 1823/24"
3343:
2325:
2103:
2092:
1744:
1719:, fizzy ice cubes and alcoholic drinks. For example, Iceberg Beer by
1623:
1584:(NIC), established in 1995, which produces analyses and forecasts of
1553:
1508:
1486:
1311:
1307:
809:
is the temperature difference between the ocean and the iceberg, and
613:
109:
89:
62:
3528:"Alaskan storm cracks giant iceberg to pieces in faraway Antarctica"
3139:
4723:
4718:
4708:
4677:
4641:
4636:
4626:
4478:
4426:
4401:
4260:
4255:
2779:
MacAyeal, Douglas R.; Abbot, Dorian S.; Sergienko, Olga V. (2011).
2634:
2604:
1820:
1645:
224:
212:
4797:
4146:
3197:"Surface buoyant plumes from melting icebergs in the Labrador Sea"
2956:
Weeks, W.F. (2010), On Sea Ice, University of Alaska Press, p. 399
2722:
Glowacki, Oskar; Deane, Grant B.; Moskalik, Mateusz (2018-05-16).
1861:
2010, Ice sheet, 260 km (100 sq mi), broken off of
1386:
4733:
4631:
4601:
4546:
4536:
4361:
4295:
4290:
4270:
4250:
3878:
3835:
3818:"Iceberg A-74 Calves from the Brunt Ice Shelf in the Weddell Sea"
2082:
2077:
2062:
1797:
storm 6 days earlier and 13,500 kilometres (8,400 mi) away.
1561:
1355:
1292:
1245:
1208:
617:
216:
132:
85:
4134:
2589:
1291:. Tabular icebergs have steep sides and a flat top, much like a
1256:
936:
Wave erosion is more poorly constrained but can be estimated by
716:{\displaystyle M_{b}=K\Delta u^{0.8}{\frac {T_{0}-T}{L^{0.2}}},}
4662:
4285:
4028:"Full article/ William Bradford/ Sailing Ships and Arctic Seas"
3082:"Iceberg towing: a bizarre 'solution' to the freshwater crisis"
1794:
1767:
1585:
1537:
1468:, and salinity levels. They monitored iceberg dangers near the
1449:
355:
3236:
4616:
4531:
4446:
4371:
4205:
4198:
3367:
2487:
Crawford, Anna; Mueller, Derek; Joyal, Gabriel (2018-04-08).
1569:
1499:
1339:
776:
is the relative velocity between the iceberg and the ocean,
104:
Icebergs vary considerably in size and shape. Icebergs that
4451:
4396:
4356:
3748:
3195:
Yankovsky, Alexander E.; Yashayaev, Igor (September 2014).
1512:
66:
3243:
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
2856:"Study Reveals What Happens During A 'Glacial Earthquake'"
2251:
84:
more than 15 meters (16 yards) long that has broken off a
4188:
3239:"Subsurface melting of a free-floating Antarctic iceberg"
2401:
81:
2447:
1654:– longitude 90° E to 180° (Western Ross Sea,
1325:
Non-tabular icebergs have different shapes and include:
4044:
10.1657/1523-0430(2003)035[0541:BR]2.0.CO;2
3540:
3482:
3201:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
3166:"Newfoundland Gives Whole New Meaning To Ice Cold Beer"
3046:
Ice-management, Newfoundland Labrador offshore-industry
2450:"Modelling the dynamics and thermodynamics of icebergs"
4157:
3026:"New Iceberg Breaks off Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica"
2778:
2549:
Cenedese, Claudia; Straneo, Fiamma (19 January 2023).
1715:
Companies have used iceberg water in products such as
3113:"$ 166 Water Could Dictate International Iceberg Law"
2882:"Icebergs Can Be Green, Black, Striped, Even Rainbow"
2721:
1446:
International Conference on the Safety of Life at Sea
1408:
red hull stripe runs along its base at the waterline.
1186:
1159:
1132:
1084:
1057:
945:
855:
835:
815:
782:
759:
732:
648:
380:
3832:"World's largest iceberg breaks off from Antarctica"
3652:"Massive Iceberg Crashes into Island, Splits in Two"
2908:"Image of the Week - Super-cool colours of icebergs"
2853:
2486:
2028:
1928:
One of the most infamous icebergs in history is the
1515:
were used in Antarctic waters for oceanographic and
1507:
ships were equipped with automatic transmissions of
1119:{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{12}}{\text{m day}}^{-1}}
1041:{\displaystyle M_{\text{e}}=cS_{s}(T_{\text{s}}+2),}
3741:"Pine Island Glacier Quickly Drops Another Iceberg"
3110:
2188:"Common Misconceptions about Icebergs and Glaciers"
131:on November 12, 1956. This iceberg was larger than
3815:
3706:
3670:"Massive ice island heading for southern Labrador"
3194:
1883:, (Larsen C) 5,800 km (2,200 sq mi)
1456:(IIP). The goal of the IIP was to collect data on
1295:, with a length-to-height ratio of more than 5:1.
1199:
1172:
1145:
1118:
1070:
1040:
922:
841:
821:
801:
768:
745:
715:
567:
3005:
1935:. The catastrophe led to the establishment of an
4810:
3317:
2879:
2548:
3631:"Huge ice sheet breaks from Greenland glacier"
2680:
2308:"Antarctica shed a 208-mile-long berg in 1956"
238:A in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, 29 January 2001
4173:
3904:
2827:
2129:"Iceberg Formation: International Ice Patrol"
1812:, about 6,900 km (2,700 sq mi)
3871:
3848:
2965:
1476:
3163:
2544:
2542:
1734:
4180:
4166:
3772:"Giant iceberg breaks off east Antarctica"
3763:
3699:
3613:"Shipping alert issued over giant iceberg"
4106:
3567:
3459:
3434:Wu, Shuang-Ye; Hou, Shugui (2017-03-17).
3410:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2804:
2747:
2698:
2603:
2574:
2522:
2512:
2419:
1876:, 615 km (237 sq mi), 2014
1503:faster evaluation of data. By the 1970s,
1376:
4078:"Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902), Icebergs"
3111:Matthew H. Birkhold (October 31, 2019).
2539:
2375:
2373:
2102:Iceberg pictured in the coat of arms of
2097:
1959:
1945:
1851:A, 3,100 km (1,200 sq mi)
1766:
1762:
1738:
1602:
1521:
1480:
1385:
1310:icebergs formed by breaking off from an
1302:, can be quite large, as in the case of
1263:
1255:
350:
326:The largest icebergs recorded have been
229:
47:
36:
4025:
4007:from the original on September 22, 2022
3079:
2683:"Bubble Pressure in Greenland Icebergs"
2681:Scholander, P. F.; Nutt, D. C. (1960).
2190:. Ohio State University. 19 July 2011.
1919:, 4,320 km (1,670 sq mi)
1844:, 5,490 km (2,120 sq mi)
1837:, 5,500 km (2,100 sq mi)
1805:, 5,390 km (2,080 sq mi)
1298:This type of iceberg, also known as an
632:Icebergs lose mass due to melting, and
358:in an iceberg, photographed during the
188:
14:
4811:
4032:Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
3799:"Brunt Ice Shelf in Antarctica calves"
3689:"Iceberg is twice the size of Atlanta"
3686:
3099:
3055:
3053:
2926:
2854:Nell Greenfieldboyce (June 25, 2015).
1830:11,000 km (4,200 sq mi)
1640:– longitude 90° W to 180° (
1401:; a smudge of red paint much like the
586:the drift velocity, and the variables
4161:
3919:from the original on October 27, 2019
3433:
3363:
3361:
3313:
3311:
3232:
3230:
3190:
3188:
3010:. Canadian Geographic. Archived from
2970:. Canadian Geographic. Archived from
2905:
2676:
2674:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2370:
1908:, 1,270 km (490 sq mi)
1897:, 1,636 km (632 sq mi)
1691:
223:(57 lb/cu ft), and that of
124:, in the South Pacific Ocean, by the
4782:
4141:Icebergs of The Arctic and Antarctic
3733:
2880:Katherine Wright (January 5, 2018).
2123:
2121:
1727:. Although annual iceberg supply in
1678:iceberg populations around Greenland
1664:– longitude 0° to 90° E (
1575:
1180:is the sea surface temperature, and
4058:from the original on April 26, 2022
4026:Overeem, Irina (January 28, 2018).
3849:Zamira Rahim (September 14, 2020).
3816:LT Falon M. Essary (1 March 2021).
3769:
3066:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3050:
2576:10.1146/annurev-fluid-032522-100734
2454:Cold Regions Science and Technology
1858:, 310 km (120 sq mi)
1723:is made from icebergs found around
1078:is the wave erosion rate in m/day,
197:
112:are often irregularly shaped while
24:
4088:from the original on March 8, 2024
3977:from the original on July 19, 2023
3905:Lorraine Chow (November 1, 2018).
3872:Maddie Stone (February 21, 2019).
3358:
3308:
3227:
3185:
2671:
2436:
1890:, 225 km (87 sq mi)
1819:140 km (54 sq mi),
760:
665:
213:Archimedes's Principle of buoyancy
25:
4850:
4128:
3584:"Iceberg A-38B off South Georgia"
3164:Emma Jacobs (February 29, 2012).
2906:Roach, Lettie (11 January 2019).
2245:
2209:National Snow and Ice Data Center
2118:
2048:List of recorded icebergs by area
1699:
1529:Acoustic monitoring of an iceberg
1485:An iceberg being pushed by three
4792:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4145:
2781:"Iceberg-capsize tsunamigenesis"
2555:Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
2364:"Iceberg Classification Systems"
2031:
1332:: An iceberg with a rounded top.
4100:
4070:
4019:
3989:
3959:
3945:
3931:
3898:
3865:
3842:
3824:
3809:
3791:
3721:from the original on 2022-01-12
3680:
3662:
3644:
3623:
3605:
3576:
3534:
3520:
3486:Journal of Geophysical Research
3476:
3427:
3269:
3157:
3132:
3073:
3039:
3018:
2999:
2978:
2959:
2950:
2873:
2847:
2828:Stephen Ornes (April 3, 2012).
2821:
2772:
2715:
2628:
2583:
2480:
2395:
2073:Polar ice pack (disambiguation)
1674:Danish Meteorological Institute
1464:to measure currents, ice-flow,
1424:watertight compartmentalization
1416:of ships by icebergs. In 1907,
4120:. H. S. Parsons & Company.
3770:Cox, Lisa (1 September 2019).
3687:Lendon, Brad (22 April 2014).
3080:Maynard, Matt (12 June 2022).
2934:"Sizes and Shapes of Icebergs"
2622:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.023802
2356:
2332:
2300:
2221:
2197:
2180:
2156:
1338:: An iceberg with one or more
1032:
1029:
1008:
994:
991:
972:
829:is the length of the iceberg.
550:
528:
506:
484:
462:
446:
431:
396:
219:of pure ice is about 920
13:
1:
4839:Snow or ice weather phenomena
2474:10.1016/S0165-232X(97)00012-8
2111:
1923:
1438:iceberg that sank the Titanic
362:of 1911â1913, 5 Jan 1911
3548:Geophysical Research Letters
3302:10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.03.004
2914:. European Geosciences Union
2728:Geophysical Research Letters
1680:using data collected by the
1392:iceberg suspected of sinking
1260:Different shapes of icebergs
1227:
1200:{\displaystyle I_{\text{c}}}
1173:{\displaystyle T_{\text{S}}}
1146:{\displaystyle S_{\text{S}}}
1071:{\displaystyle M_{\text{e}}}
746:{\displaystyle M_{\text{b}}}
627:
360:British Antarctic Expedition
138:
7:
4834:Oceanographical terminology
3820:. U.S. National Ice Center.
2408:Frontiers in Marine Science
2344:Online Etymology Dictionary
2024:
1823:alert issued December 2009.
1534:Side looking airborne radar
753:is the melt rate in m/day,
206:
10:
4855:
3395:10.1038/s41467-019-13231-0
3263:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.11.009
3006:Ainslie MacLellan (2006).
2939:. International Ice Patrol
2806:10.3189/172756411797252103
2637:Journal of Fluid Mechanics
2324:on 2006-05-22 – via
2320:: 18. 1956. Archived from
2106:, a name meaning "Iceberg"
1955:Fishing Boats and Icebergs
1721:Quidi Vidi Brewing Company
1607:Iceberg A22A in the South
1381:
1214:
330:, or broken off, from the
29:
4765:
4732:
4696:
4650:
4594:
4577:Short-track speed skating
4522:
4474:
4465:
4324:
4238:
4212:
4195:
3221:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.05.014
2700:10.3189/S0022143000017950
2278:10.1017/S0954102008001284
2229:"Bergy Bits and Growlers"
1755:, impacting ocean waves.
1729:Newfoundland and Labrador
1477:Technological development
1153:describes the sea state,
4137:for east coast of Canada
3803:British Antarctic Survey
2834:ScienceNews for Students
2421:10.3389/fmars.2017.00276
2136:International Ice Patrol
1937:International Ice Patrol
1777:Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
1735:Oceanography and ecology
1725:St. John's, Newfoundland
1682:synthetic aperture radar
1550:synthetic aperture radar
1454:International Ice Patrol
1320:FilchnerâRonne Ice Shelf
1251:
1239:
769:{\displaystyle \Delta u}
366:
32:Iceberg (disambiguation)
4187:
3028:. NOAA. 15 October 1998
2988:. European Space Agency
802:{\displaystyle T_{0}-T}
99:serious maritime hazard
4135:Iceberg Finder Service
3745:Nasa Earth Observatory
3461:10.5194/tc-11-707-2017
2592:Physical Review Fluids
2387:. 2006. Archived from
2107:
1986:Caspar David Friedrich
1971:
1957:
1930:Iceberg that sank the
1779:
1747:
1668:, Eastern Weddell Sea)
1611:
1530:
1494:
1409:
1377:Monitoring and control
1354:: An iceberg that has
1280:
1268:Tabular iceberg, near
1261:
1201:
1174:
1147:
1120:
1072:
1042:
924:
843:
823:
803:
770:
747:
717:
569:
363:
239:
70:
45:
4829:Ice in transportation
3375:Nature Communications
2966:Holly Gordon (2006).
2687:Journal of Glaciology
2101:
2088:Seabed gouging by ice
1976:Frederic Edwin Church
1963:
1949:
1770:
1763:Recent large icebergs
1742:
1686:Sentinel-1 satellites
1606:
1558:European Space Agency
1546:Canadian Space Agency
1528:
1484:
1389:
1267:
1259:
1202:
1175:
1148:
1121:
1073:
1043:
925:
844:
824:
804:
771:
748:
718:
582:is the iceberg mass,
570:
354:
233:
60:
40:
4001:Hamburger Kunsthalle
3971:Dallas Museum of Art
3619:. December 11, 2009.
3569:10.1029/2006GL027235
3506:10.1029/2009JB006700
3249:(11â12): 1336â1345.
2968:"Iceberg Physiology"
2785:Annals of Glaciology
2749:10.1029/2018GL077632
2657:10.1017/jfm.2018.798
2168:Cambridge Dictionary
2053:Drifting ice station
1775:of Iceberg A-38 off
1572:path as RADARSAT-1.
1431:1912 sinking of the
1419:SS Kronprinz Wilhelm
1184:
1157:
1130:
1082:
1055:
943:
930:in the polar ocean.
853:
833:
813:
780:
757:
730:
646:
378:
161:, literally meaning
30:For other uses, see
4673:Iceman (occupation)
3886:on October 27, 2019
3805:. 26 February 2021.
3560:2006GeoRL..3317502M
3498:2010JGRB..115.6311M
3452:2017TCry...11..707W
3387:2019NatCo..10.5261H
3336:2016NatGe...9..219D
3294:2011OcMod..39..405A
3255:2011DSRII..58.1336S
3213:2014DSRI...91....1Y
3008:"Tracking Monsters"
2886:Scientific American
2830:"Flipping Icebergs"
2797:2011AnGla..52...51M
2740:2018GeoRL..45.4105G
2649:2019JFM...858..832M
2614:2021PhRvF...6b3802H
2567:2023AnRFM..55..377C
2505:2018RemS...10..575C
2466:1997CRST...26..113B
2385:Canadian Geographic
2381:"Facts on Icebergs"
2270:2008AntSc..20..593R
1582:National Ice Center
1552:(SAR), which sends
1544:. Developed by the
1025:
244:
4225:Crystalline phases
2551:"Icebergs Melting"
2514:10.3390/rs10040575
2233:www.athropolis.com
2108:
1972:
1958:
1780:
1748:
1692:Iceberg management
1628:Bellingshausen Sea
1626:0° to 90° W (
1612:
1531:
1495:
1442:United States Navy
1410:
1358:to form a slot or
1281:
1262:
1197:
1170:
1143:
1116:
1068:
1038:
1011:
920:
839:
819:
799:
766:
743:
713:
598:correspond to the
565:
364:
242:
240:
95:tip of the iceberg
71:
46:
41:An iceberg in the
4806:
4805:
4787:Wikimedia Commons
4590:
4589:
4150:Works related to
4117:Poems for the Sea
3751:. 8 November 2018
3633:. BBC. 2010-08-07
3324:Nature Geoscience
3069:. 14 August 2019.
2258:Antarctic Science
2013:, wrote the poem
1863:Petermann Glacier
1576:Modern monitoring
1526:
1466:ocean temperature
1304:Pobeda Ice Island
1278:Tabarin Peninsula
1234:center of gravity
1194:
1167:
1140:
1105:
1099:
1065:
1018:
1006:
982:
953:
912:
897:
885:
870:
842:{\displaystyle K}
822:{\displaystyle L}
740:
708:
559:
553:
537:
531:
515:
509:
493:
487:
471:
465:
449:
434:
411:
399:
324:
323:
234:Northern edge of
108:from glaciers in
58:
16:(Redirected from
4846:
4796:
4785:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4472:
4471:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4149:
4122:
4121:
4108:Sigourney, Lydia
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3912:Business Insider
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3882:. Archived from
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3710:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3654:. Archived from
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3617:Associated Press
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3590:. Archived from
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3414:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3344:10.1038/ngeo2633
3315:
3306:
3305:
3288:(3â4): 405â410.
3273:
3267:
3266:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3108:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3057:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2751:
2734:(9): 4105â4113.
2719:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2607:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2445:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2138:. Archived from
2133:
2125:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2004:Albert Bierstadt
2000:William Bradford
1965:Albert Bierstadt
1951:William Bradford
1941:Manhattan Island
1847:2003 broke off,
1785:calved from the
1527:
1517:climate research
1407:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1092:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1007:
1004:
984:
983:
980:
971:
970:
955:
954:
951:
929:
927:
926:
921:
919:
918:
913:
910:
907:
906:
898:
895:
892:
891:
886:
883:
880:
879:
871:
868:
865:
864:
848:
846:
845:
840:
828:
826:
825:
820:
808:
806:
805:
800:
792:
791:
775:
773:
772:
767:
752:
750:
749:
744:
742:
741:
738:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
707:
706:
697:
690:
689:
679:
677:
676:
658:
657:
574:
572:
571:
566:
561:
560:
557:
555:
554:
546:
539:
538:
535:
533:
532:
524:
517:
516:
513:
511:
510:
502:
495:
494:
491:
489:
488:
480:
473:
472:
469:
467:
466:
458:
451:
450:
442:
436:
435:
427:
412:
410:
402:
401:
400:
392:
385:
245:
241:
201:
190:
149:loan translation
59:
21:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4761:
4728:
4692:
4646:
4586:
4518:
4467:
4461:
4332:Albedo feedback
4320:
4234:
4220:Amorphous solid
4208:
4191:
4186:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3814:
3810:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3685:
3681:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3597:
3595:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3539:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3481:
3477:
3432:
3428:
3366:
3359:
3316:
3309:
3282:Ocean Modelling
3274:
3270:
3235:
3228:
3193:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3171:Morning Edition
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3109:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3078:
3074:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3004:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2826:
2822:
2777:
2773:
2720:
2716:
2693:(28): 671â678.
2679:
2672:
2633:
2629:
2588:
2584:
2547:
2540:
2485:
2481:
2446:
2437:
2400:
2396:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2313:The Polar Times
2306:
2305:
2301:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2019:Aurora Borealis
2011:Lydia Sigourney
2009:American poet,
1926:
1917:Ronne Ice Shelf
1906:Brunt Ice Shelf
1765:
1737:
1702:
1694:
1666:Amery Ice Shelf
1578:
1522:
1479:
1405:
1384:
1379:
1274:Antarctic Sound
1254:
1242:
1230:
1217:
1211:concentration.
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1020:
1015:
1003:
979:
975:
966:
962:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
914:
909:
908:
899:
894:
893:
887:
882:
881:
872:
867:
866:
860:
856:
854:
851:
850:
834:
831:
830:
814:
811:
810:
787:
783:
781:
778:
777:
758:
755:
754:
737:
733:
731:
728:
727:
702:
698:
685:
681:
680:
678:
672:
668:
653:
649:
647:
644:
643:
630:
556:
545:
544:
543:
534:
523:
522:
521:
512:
501:
500:
499:
490:
479:
478:
477:
468:
457:
456:
455:
441:
440:
426:
425:
403:
391:
390:
386:
384:
379:
376:
375:
369:
209:
141:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4852:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4789:
4778:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4757:Snowball Earth
4754:
4749:
4747:Little Ice Age
4744:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Figure skating
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4342:Circle or disc
4339:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4129:External links
4127:
4124:
4123:
4099:
4069:
4018:
3988:
3967:"The Icebergs"
3958:
3944:
3941:. 20 May 2021.
3930:
3897:
3864:
3841:
3838:. 19 May 2021.
3823:
3808:
3790:
3762:
3732:
3698:
3679:
3661:
3658:on 2011-03-10.
3643:
3622:
3604:
3575:
3554:(17): L17502.
3533:
3519:
3492:(B6): B06311.
3475:
3446:(2): 707â722.
3440:The Cryosphere
3426:
3357:
3330:(3): 219â221.
3307:
3268:
3226:
3184:
3156:
3131:
3098:
3072:
3049:
3038:
3017:
3014:on 2006-10-31.
2998:
2977:
2974:on 2006-03-31.
2958:
2949:
2925:
2898:
2872:
2846:
2820:
2771:
2714:
2670:
2627:
2582:
2561:(1): 377â402.
2538:
2493:Remote Sensing
2479:
2460:(2): 113â135.
2435:
2394:
2391:on 2006-03-31.
2369:
2355:
2331:
2299:
2264:(6): 593â604.
2244:
2220:
2196:
2179:
2155:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2026:
2023:
1991:The Sea of Ice
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1813:
1806:
1787:Ross Ice Shelf
1764:
1761:
1736:
1733:
1701:
1700:Commercial use
1698:
1693:
1690:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1649:
1635:
1609:Atlantic Ocean
1598:Chesapeake Bay
1577:
1574:
1478:
1475:
1414:fatal sinkings
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1349:
1343:
1333:
1316:Ross Ice Shelf
1314:, such as the
1253:
1250:
1241:
1238:
1229:
1226:
1216:
1213:
1190:
1163:
1136:
1113:
1110:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
958:
949:
917:
905:
902:
890:
878:
875:
863:
859:
838:
818:
798:
795:
790:
786:
765:
762:
736:
724:
723:
712:
705:
701:
696:
693:
688:
684:
675:
671:
667:
664:
661:
656:
652:
629:
626:
622:seabed gouging
600:Coriolis force
576:
575:
564:
552:
549:
542:
530:
527:
520:
508:
505:
498:
486:
483:
476:
464:
461:
454:
448:
445:
439:
433:
430:
424:
421:
418:
415:
409:
406:
398:
395:
389:
383:
368:
365:
340:North Atlantic
332:Ross Ice Shelf
322:
321:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
304:
300:
299:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
282:
278:
277:
274:
271:
267:
266:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
249:
208:
205:
140:
137:
77:is a piece of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4851:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:Bodies of ice
4817:
4816:
4814:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4779:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:Constructions
4593:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:Speed skating
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4154:at Wikisource
4153:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4006:
4003:(in German).
4002:
3998:
3992:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3940:
3934:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3868:
3857:September 19,
3852:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3714:The Telegraph
3709:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3676:. 2011-06-23.
3675:
3671:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3632:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3594:on 2008-10-05
3593:
3589:
3588:Visible Earth
3585:
3579:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3231:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3189:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3160:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3027:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2953:
2935:
2929:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:(58): 51â56.
2790:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2598:(2): 023802.
2597:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2145:on 2017-05-09
2141:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Polar ice cap
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:Oceans portal
2034:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
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1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:Iceberg B-17B
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:Iceberg B-15A
1788:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:bottled water
1713:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1684:(SAR) on the
1683:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
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1547:
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1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1491:McMurdo Sound
1488:
1483:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
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1439:
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1258:
1249:
1247:
1237:
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1225:
1223:
1212:
1210:
1188:
1161:
1134:
1111:
1108:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1059:
1035:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1000:
997:
988:
985:
976:
967:
963:
959:
956:
947:
939:
938:
937:
934:
931:
915:
903:
900:
888:
876:
873:
861:
857:
836:
816:
796:
793:
788:
784:
763:
734:
710:
703:
699:
694:
691:
686:
682:
673:
669:
662:
659:
654:
650:
642:
641:
640:
637:
635:
625:
623:
619:
616:(one form of
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
562:
547:
540:
525:
518:
503:
496:
481:
474:
459:
452:
443:
437:
428:
422:
419:
416:
413:
407:
404:
393:
387:
381:
374:
373:
372:
361:
357:
353:
349:
347:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
319:
316:
313:
312:
308:
305:
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301:
297:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
280:
279:
275:
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269:
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228:
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222:
218:
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204:
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195:
191:
186:
182:
181:
177:
173:
172:
168:
165:, cognate to
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
147:is a partial
146:
136:
134:
130:
129:
123:
119:
115:
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1967:'s painting
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1902:Iceberg A-74
1895:Iceberg D-28
1888:Iceberg B-46
1881:Iceberg A-68
1874:Iceberg B-31
1867:Nares Strait
1856:Iceberg D-16
1849:Iceberg B-15
1842:Iceberg B-22
1835:Iceberg C-19
1828:Iceberg B-15
1810:Iceberg A-38
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1493:, Antarctica
1462:oceanography
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122:Scott Island
103:
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43:Arctic Ocean
4752:Pleistocene
4466:Ice-related
4377:Frost heave
4311:Stalactites
3923:October 27,
3783:1 September
3755:12 November
3381:(1): 5261.
3140:"Home Page"
2643:: 832â851.
2524:10023/16996
2205:"bergy bit"
2058:Ice calving
1969:The Iceberg
1803:Iceberg B-9
1783:Iceberg B15
1753:breakwaters
1710:Nick Sloane
1656:Wilkes Land
1632:Weddell Sea
1594:Great Lakes
1470:Grand Banks
1458:meteorology
1429:During the
1289:non-tabular
1270:Brown Bluff
314:Very large
254:Length (m)
251:Height (m)
248:Size class
4813:Categories
4798:Wiktionary
4742:Glaciology
4697:Other uses
4567:Ice racing
4562:Ice hockey
4537:Iceboating
4468:activities
4239:Formations
4230:Superionic
4082:Christie's
4038:(4): 541.
3637:2011-03-09
3598:2011-03-09
3091:15 January
3032:2011-03-09
2992:2011-03-09
2943:2006-12-20
2918:6 November
2605:2009.10281
2499:(4): 575.
2349:2006-03-26
2238:2019-12-01
2214:2024-07-16
2173:2024-07-06
2149:2021-08-23
2112:References
2015:"Icebergs"
1924:In culture
1644:, Eastern
1566:RADARSAT-2
1542:RADARSAT-1
1300:ice island
336:Antarctica
270:Bergy bit
79:freshwater
4509:Sculpture
4325:Phenomena
4110:(1850). "
4052:1523-0430
3470:1994-0424
3403:2041-1723
3352:1752-0894
3144:Polewater
2986:"Envisat"
2912:EGU Blogs
2815:0260-3055
2766:135352794
2758:0094-8276
2709:0022-1430
2665:126234419
2533:2072-4292
2430:2296-7745
2340:"Iceberg"
2326:USA Today
2286:0954-1020
2164:"iceberg"
2104:Ilulissat
2093:Shelf ice
1915:from the
1904:from the
1751:floating
1745:Disko Bay
1676:monitors
1624:longitude
1590:Antarctic
1560:launched
1554:microwave
1540:launched
1509:satellite
1489:ships in
1487:U.S. Navy
1312:ice shelf
1308:Antarctic
1228:Stability
1109:−
1027:π
901:−
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862:∘
794:−
761:Δ
692:−
666:Δ
628:Mass loss
551:→
529:→
507:→
485:→
463:→
447:→
438:×
432:→
417:−
397:→
185:Low Saxon
151:from the
143:The word
139:Etymology
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4484:Blasting
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4086:Archived
4062:March 7,
4056:Archived
4011:March 7,
4005:Archived
3981:March 7,
3975:Archived
3917:Archived
3719:Archived
3674:CBC News
3514:16420188
3421:31748607
2865:March 9,
2294:73604210
2025:See also
1821:shipping
1646:Ross Sea
1622:–
1352:Dry-dock
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614:pack ice
345:Eastwind
320:>213
309:122â213
259:Growler
225:seawater
207:Overview
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4658:Cutting
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4547:Curling
4542:Cricket
4514:Skating
4504:Rafting
4499:Fishing
4479:Bathing
4422:Nucleus
4407:Jacking
4386:sea ice
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4316:Volcano
4280:calving
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4276:Iceberg
4271:Glacier
4152:Iceberg
3879:Gizmodo
3836:CNN.com
3725:14 July
3556:Bibcode
3494:Bibcode
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3332:Bibcode
3290:Bibcode
3251:Bibcode
3209:Bibcode
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2078:Polynya
2063:Sea ice
1932:Titanic
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1448:met in
1433:Titanic
1403:Titanic
1398:Titanic
1382:History
1360:channel
1293:plateau
1285:tabular
1272:in the
1246:rainbow
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634:calving
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298:60â122
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189:Iesbarg
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1808:1998,
1801:1987,
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1500:radar
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284:5â15
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