Human rights - Knowledge

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were reluctant to include economic and social rights (such as the right to work and the right to join a union). Socialist states placed much greater importance on economic and social rights and argued strongly for their inclusion. Because of the divisions over which rights to include and because some states declined to ratify any treaties including certain specific interpretations of human rights, and despite the Soviet bloc and a number of developing countries arguing strongly for the inclusion of all rights in a Unity Resolution, the rights enshrined in the UDHR were split into two separate covenants, allowing states to adopt some rights and derogate others. Although this allowed the covenants to be created, it denied the proposed principle that all rights are linked, which was central to some interpretations of the UDHR. Although the UDHR is a non-binding resolution, it is now considered to be a central component of international

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treaty parties, but directly responsible to the Economic and Social Council and ultimately to the General Assembly. This means that the Economic Committee faces particular difficulties at its disposal only relatively "weak" means of implementation in comparison to other treaty bodies. Particular difficulties noted by commentators include: perceived vagueness of the principles of the treaty, relative lack of legal texts and decisions, ambivalence of many states in addressing economic, social and cultural rights, comparatively few non-governmental organisations focused on the area and problems with obtaining relevant and precise information.

4792:: first-generation civil and political rights (right to life and political participation), second-generation economic, social and cultural rights (right to subsistence) and third-generation solidarity rights (right to peace, right to clean environment). Out of these generations, the third generation is the most debated and lacks both legal and political recognition. This categorisation is at odds with the indivisibility of rights, as it implicitly states that some rights can exist without others. Prioritisation of rights for pragmatic reasons is however a widely accepted necessity. Human rights expert 14471: 3663:

Nations headquarters in New York but now frequently meets at the United Nations Office in Geneva; the other treaty bodies meet in Geneva. The Human Rights Committee usually holds its March session in New York City. The human rights enshrined in the UDHR, the Geneva Conventions and the various enforced treaties of the United Nations are enforceable in law. In practice, many rights are very difficult to legally enforce due to the absence of consensus on the application of certain rights, the lack of relevant national legislation or of bodies empowered to take legal action to enforce them.

2665: 3006:. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global welfare. Enshrined in its Charter was a mandate to promote many of the rights which were later included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The League of Nations had mandates to support many of the former colonies of the Western European colonial powers during their transition from colony to independent state. Established as an agency of the League of Nations, and now part of United Nations, the 4968:, have all been Western and indeed that some were involved in the running of Empires themselves. Relativistic arguments tend to neglect the fact that modern human rights are new to all cultures, dating back no further than the UDHR in 1948. They also do not account for the fact that the UDHR was drafted by people from many different cultures and traditions, including a US Roman Catholic, a Chinese Confucian philosopher, a French Zionist and a representative from the Arab League, amongst others, and drew upon advice from thinkers such as Mahatma Gandhi. 3672: 6075: 14154: 3994: 3767: 2634: 3043: 17195: 17183: 3201:(ICESCR) were adopted by the United Nations, between them making the rights contained in the UDHR binding on all states. They came into force only in 1976, when they were ratified by a sufficient number of countries (despite achieving the ICCPR, a covenant including no economic or social rights, the US only ratified the ICCPR in 1992). The ICESCR commits 155 state parties to work toward the granting of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) to individuals. 17171: 17135: 5117: 5184:, and/or Enlightenment heritage (typically labeled Western) and cannot be enjoyed by other cultures that don't emulate the conditions and values of 'Western' societies." Right-wing critics of human rights argue that they are "unrealistic and unenforceable norms and inappropriate intrusions on state sovereignty", while left-wing critics of human rights argue that they fail "to achieve – or prevents better approaches to achieving – progressive goals". 3568:

under a resolution of the Economic and Social Council to carry out the monitoring functions originally assigned to that body under the Covenant, they are technically autonomous bodies, established by the treaties that they monitor and accountable to the state parties of those treaties – rather than subsidiary to the United Nations, though in practice they are closely intertwined with the United Nations system and are supported by the

4087: 68: 491: 9237: 17145: 4893: 4063:. The European Convention on Human Rights defines and guarantees since 1950 human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. All 47 member states of the Council of Europe have signed this convention and are therefore under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. In order to prevent torture and inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 3 of the convention), the 2772:. This natural law thinking was supported by contact with American civilizations and the debate that took place in Castile about the just titles of the conquest and, in particular, the nature of the indigenous people. In the Castilian colonization of America, it is often stated, measures were applied in which the germs of the idea of Human Rights are present, debated in the well-known 3821:(under a protocol to the Charter which was adopted in 1998 and entered into force in January 2004), the commission will have the additional task of preparing cases for submission to the Court's jurisdiction. In a July 2004 decision, the AU Assembly resolved that the future Court on Human and Peoples' Rights would be integrated with the African Court of Justice. The 3796:(ACHPR) is a quasi-judicial organ of the African Union tasked with promoting and protecting human rights and collective (peoples') rights throughout the African continent as well as interpreting the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and considering individual complaints of violations of the Charter. The commission has three broad areas of responsibility: 3481: 3074:. The UDHR urges member states to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asserting these rights are part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world". The declaration was the first international legal effort to limit the behavior of states and make sure they did their duties to their citizens following the model of the 3826:

court of the African Union, interpreting all necessary laws and treaties. The Protocol establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights entered into force in January 2004, but its merging with the Court of Justice has delayed its establishment. The Protocol establishing the Court of Justice will come into force when ratified by 15 countries.

13251: 3880:, Costa Rica, it is one of the bodies that comprise the inter-American system for the promotion and protection of human rights. The IACHR is a permanent body which meets in regular and special sessions several times a year to examine allegations of human rights violations in the hemisphere. Its human rights duties stem from three documents: 5073:, not to those affected by their actions. Such companies are often larger than the economies of the states in which they operate, and can wield significant economic and political power. No international treaties exist to specifically cover the behavior of companies with regard to human rights, and national legislation is very variable. 4627:, whereas previously it could be said that natural rights were discovered by considering the natural law. In Hobbes' opinion, the only way natural law could prevail was for men to submit to the commands of the sovereign. In this lay the foundations of the theory of a social contract between the governed and the governor. 2768:

objective order, they stated that there are certain natural rights, mentioning both rights related to the body (right to life, to property) and to the spirit (right to freedom of thought, dignity). The jurist Vázquez de Menchaca, starting from an individualist philosophy, was decisive in the dissemination of the term

3584:. The members of the committee express opinions on member countries and make judgments on individual complaints against countries which have ratified an Optional Protocol to the treaty. The judgments, termed "views", are not legally binding. The member of the committee meets around three times a year to hold sessions 3124:. The final three articles place, according to Cassin, rights in the context of limits, duties and the social and political order in which they are to be realized. Humphrey and Cassin intended the rights in the UDHR to be legally enforceable through some means, as is reflected in the third clause of the preamble: 5011:

is a controversial principle in international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting country. The state

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are often levied upon individuals or states who commit human rights violations. Sanctions are often criticized for its feature of collective punishment in hurting a country's population economically in order dampen that population's view of its government. It is also argued that, counterproductively,

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soon after the UDHR was conceived brought to the fore divisions over the inclusion of both economic and social rights and civil and political rights in the declaration. Capitalist states tended to place strong emphasis on civil and political rights (such as freedom of association and expression), and

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All major governments at the time of drafting the U.N. charter and the Universal declaration did their best to ensure, by all means known to domestic and international law, that these principles had only international application and carried no legal obligation on those governments to be implemented

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With the exception of non-derogable human rights (international conventions class the right to life, the right to be free from slavery, the right to be free from torture and the right to be free from retroactive application of penal laws as non-derogable), the UN recognises that human rights can be

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the growing power of transnational corporations and their extension of power through privatization, deregulation and the rolling back of the State also mean that it is now time to develop binding legal norms that hold corporations to human rights standards and circumscribe potential abuses of their

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has argued that cultural relativism is almost exclusively an argument used by those who wield power in cultures which commit human rights abuses, and that those whose human rights are compromised are the powerless. This reflects the fact that the difficulty in judging universalism versus relativism

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are enshrined in articles 22 to 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the ICESCR. The UDHR included both economic, social and cultural rights and civil and political rights because it was based on the principle that the different rights could only successfully exist in combination:

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The most common categorization of human rights is to split them into civil and political rights, and economic, social and cultural rights. Civil and political rights are enshrined in articles 3 to 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the ICCPR. Economic, social and cultural rights

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on what all men could agree upon: what they sought (happiness) was subject to contention, but a broad consensus could form around what they feared (violent death at the hands of another). The natural law was how a rational human being, seeking to survive and prosper, would act. It was discovered by

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In pursuit of these goals, the commission is mandated to "collect documents, undertake studies and researches on African problems in the field of human and peoples, rights, organise seminars, symposia and conferences, disseminate information, encourage national and local institutions concerned with

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The risk of human rights violations increases with the increase in financially vulnerable populations. Girls from poor families in non-industrialized economies are often viewed as a financial burden on the family and marriage of young girls is often driven in the hope that daughters will be fed and

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and economic, social, and cultural rights was predicated on the assumption that basic human rights are indivisible and that the different types of rights listed are inextricably linked. Although this principle was not opposed by any member states at the time of adoption (the declaration was adopted

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Spanish scholasticism insisted on a subjective vision of law during the 16th and 17th centuries: Luis de Molina, Domingo de Soto and Francisco Vitoria, members of the School of Salamanca, defined law as a moral power over one's own.50 Although they maintained at the same time, the idea of law as an

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The principal aim of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was to create a framework for a universal code based on mutual consent. The early years of the United Nations were overshadowed by the division between the Western and Communist conceptions of human rights, although neither

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play an increasingly large role in the world, and are responsible for a large number of human rights abuses. Although the legal and moral environment surrounding the actions of governments is reasonably well developed, that surrounding multinational companies is both controversial and ill-defined.

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free at the point of use. That is not to say that Western cultures have overlooked these rights entirely (the welfare states that exist in Western Europe are evidence of this). Similarly, the ex Soviet bloc countries and Asian countries have tended to give priority to economic, social and cultural

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is intended to be the "principal judicial organ of the Union" (Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union, Article 2.2). Although it has not yet been established, it is intended to take over the duties of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, as well as act as the supreme

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when such occur within its jurisdiction, with a mandate to bring to justice perpetrators of such crimes that occurred after its creation in 2002. A number of UN members have not joined the court and the ICC does not have jurisdiction over their citizens, and others have signed but not yet ratified

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Each treaty body receives secretariat support from the Human Rights Council and Treaties Division of Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva except CEDAW, which is supported by the Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW). CEDAW formerly held all its sessions at United

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bodies, comprising committees of independent experts who monitor compliance with human rights standards and norms flowing from the core international human rights treaties. They are supported by and are created by the treaty that they monitor, With the exception of the CESCR, which was established

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The Inter-American Court of Human Rights was established in 1979 with the purpose of enforcing and interpreting the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human

2507:"to which a person is inherently entitled simply because he or she is a human being" and which are "inherent in all human beings", regardless of age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at all times in the sense of being 6437:

For women and girls living in areas where FGM/C is prevalent, they are often dependent upon marriage for financial stability. As a result, FGM/C is seen as a way to guarantee a woman's status, making her able to have children in a socially acceptable way and providing her with economic security,

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were significantly different from western values and included a sense of loyalty and foregoing personal freedoms for the sake of social stability and prosperity, and therefore authoritarian government is more appropriate in Asia than democracy. This view is countered by Mahathir's former deputy:

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Universalism has been described by some as cultural, economic or political imperialism. In particular, the concept of human rights is often claimed to be fundamentally rooted in a politically liberal outlook which, although generally accepted in Europe, Japan or North America, is not necessarily

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and makes general comments on ratifying countries performance. It will have the power to receive complaints against the countries that opted into the Optional Protocol once it has come into force. Unlike the other treaty bodies, the economic committee is not an autonomous body responsible to the

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Beijing's export of antidemocratic tactics, financial coercion, and physical intimidation have led to an erosion of democratic institutions and human rights protections in numerous countries...Political rights and civil liberties in the country have deteriorated since Narendra Modi became prime

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The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown ... providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or

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were defined at the first International Workshop on National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Paris on 7–9 October 1991, and adopted by United Nations Human Rights Commission Resolution 1992/54 of 1992 and the General Assembly Resolution 48/134 of 1993. The Paris

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were responsible for much of the cross-national research and the structure of the document respectively, where the articles of the declaration were interpretative of the general principle of the preamble. The document was structured by Cassin to include the basic principles of dignity, liberty,

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines, by definition, rights that apply to all humans equally, whichever geographical location, state, race or culture they belong to. Proponents of cultural relativism suggest that human rights are not all universal, and indeed conflict with some

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lies in who is claiming to represent a particular culture. Although the argument between universalism and relativism is far from complete, it is an academic discussion in that all international human rights instruments adhere to the principle that human rights are universally applicable. The

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Although accepted by the signatories to the UDHR, most of them do not in practice give equal weight to the different types of rights. Western cultures have often given priority to civil and political rights, sometimes at the expense of economic and social rights such as the right to work, to

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is one among those who are elaborating a secular conception of natural law in the liberal tradition. There are also emerging and secular forms of natural law theory that define human rights as derivative of the notion of universal human dignity. The term "human rights" has replaced the term

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in 1947. The members of the Commission did not immediately agree on the form of such a bill of rights, and whether, or how, it should be enforced. The Commission proceeded to frame the UDHR and accompanying treaties, but the UDHR quickly became the priority. Canadian law professor

2560:, there is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights. Some thinkers suggest that human rights should serve as a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard. 4905:

occurs in different cultures in Africa, Asia and South America. It is not mandated by any religion, but has become a tradition in many cultures. It is considered a violation of women's and girl's rights by much of the international community, and is outlawed in some countries.

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achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or

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This is held to be true because without civil and political rights the public cannot assert their economic, social and cultural rights. Similarly, without livelihoods and a working society, the public cannot assert or make use of civil or political rights (known as the

4020:, founded in 1949, is the oldest organisation working for European integration. It is an international organisation with legal personality recognised under public international law and has observer status with the United Nations. The seat of the Council of Europe is in 12168: 14528: 3727:) exist to take action where the national legal system of a state is unable to try the case itself. If national law is able to safeguard human rights and punish those who breach human rights legislation, it has primary jurisdiction by complementarity. Only when all 3791:

consisting of fifty-five African states. Established in 2001, the AU's purpose is to help secure Africa's democracy, human rights, and a sustainable economy, especially by bringing an end to intra-African conflict and creating an effective common market. The

2760:. Augustine was among the earliest to examine the legitimacy of the laws of man, and attempt to define the boundaries of what laws and rights occur naturally based on wisdom and conscience, instead of being arbitrarily imposed by mortals, and if people are 7355: 6438:

typically provided by the husband. Parents who choose to have their daughters cut consider their decision to be necessary, if not beneficial, for their daughter's future marriage prospects, in light of the financial and social constraints they may face.

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argues that human rights are justifiable on the grounds of their instrumental value in creating the necessary conditions for human well-being. Interest theories highlight the duty to respect the rights of other individuals on grounds of self-interest:

3658:. All States parties are obliged to submit reports to the committee on how the rights are being implemented. The Committee examines each report and addresses its concerns and recommendations to the State party in the form of "concluding observations". 4751:

The ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his social, economic and cultural

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domestically. All tacitly realized that for their own discriminated-against minorities to acquire leverage on the basis of legally being able to claim enforcement of these wide-reaching rights would create pressures that would be political dynamite.

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backs its claim on the grounds that the crime committed is considered a crime against all, which any state is authorized to punish. The concept of universal jurisdiction is therefore closely linked to the idea that certain international norms are

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argues that the traditional human rights framework fails to be universal, because it arose from contingent aspects of Western culture, and that the concept of inalienable and unconditional human rights is in tension with the principle of

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of daughters is argued to be similarly driven in large part to increase their marriage prospects and thus their financial security by achieving certain idealized standards of beauty. In certain areas, girls requiring the experience of

8988: 3753:(NHRIs) have been set up to protect, promote or monitor human rights with jurisdiction in a given country. Although not all NHRIs are compliant with the Paris Principles, the number and effect of these institutions is increasing. The 3447:. These organisations collect evidence and documentation of human rights abuses and apply pressure to promote human rights. Educating people on the concept of human rights has been argued as a strategy to prevent human rights abuses. 3603:

and conducts regular reviews of countries' performance. It can make judgments on complaints against member states allowing it, but these are not legally binding. It issues warnings to attempt to prevent serious contraventions of the

13860: 6980: 4494:, stemming from different philosophical or religious grounds. Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with 3360:

sanctions on offending authoritarian governments strengthen that government's position domestically as governments would still have more mechanisms to find funding than their critics and opposition, who become further weakened.

13611: 14767: 12063: 4659:. Locke turned Hobbes' prescription around, saying that if the ruler went against natural law and failed to protect "life, liberty, and property," people could justifiably overthrow the existing state and create a new one. 3655: 13606: 3141:

Some of the UDHR was researched and written by a committee of international experts on human rights, including representatives from all continents and all major religions, and drawing on consultation with leaders such as

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Human rights law, applied to a State's own citizens serves the interest of states, by, for example, minimizing the risk of violent resistance and protest and by keeping the level of dissatisfaction with the government

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equality and brotherhood in the first two articles, followed successively by rights pertaining to individuals; rights of individuals in relation to each other and to groups; spiritual, public and political rights; and

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taken as standard elsewhere. For example, in 1981, the Iranian representative to the United Nations, Said Rajaie-Khorassani, articulated the position of his country regarding the UDHR by saying that the UDHR was "a

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The UN Human Rights Council, created in 2005, has a mandate to investigate alleged human rights violations. 47 of the 193 UN member states sit on the council, elected by simple majority in a secret ballot of the

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Several theoretical approaches have been advanced to explain how and why human rights become part of social expectations. One of the oldest Western philosophies on human rights is that they are a product of a

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member states to intervene to protect populations from atrocities. It has been cited as justification in the use of recent military interventions. An example of an intervention that is often criticized is the

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We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

3841:(OAS) is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas. Over the course of the 1990s, with the end of the 14340: 8101: 3648: 12018: 11915: 4852:

All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and related. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same

6392: 4032:. These institutions bind the council's members to a code of human rights which, though strict, are more lenient than those of the United Nations charter on human rights. The council also promotes the 6421: 13653: 12028: 4637:

being cannot change or abrogate" natural law, which "would maintain its objective validity even if we should assume the impossible, that there is no God or that he does not care for human affairs." (

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the emergency must be actual, affect the whole population and the threat must be to the very existence of the nation. The declaration of emergency must also be a last resort and a temporary measure.

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minister in 2014, with increased pressure on human rights organizations, rising intimidation of academics and journalists, and a spate of bigoted attacks, including lynchings, aimed at Muslims.

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There are no Asia-wide organisations or conventions to promote or protect human rights. Countries vary widely in their approach to human rights and their record of human rights protection. The

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Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law.

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Priorities, where necessary, should adhere to core concepts (such as reasonable attempts at progressive realization) and principles (such as non-discrimination, equality and participation.

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Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights. However, the concept has in some sense existed for centuries, although not in the same way as today.

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each made a range of oppressive governmental actions, illegal. Two major revolutions occurred during the 18th century, in the United States (1776) and in France (1789), leading to the

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and receives states' reports on their performance every four years and comments on them. Its subcommittee may visit and inspect countries which have opted into the Optional Protocol.

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on girls are designed to make them more appealing as marriage prospects. Measures to help the economic status of vulnerable groups in order to reduce human rights violations include

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side called into question the concept of universality. The debate centered on which "rights" – political, economic, and social – were to be included among the Universal Instruments

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the primary goal of the ILO today is to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity.

2737:. From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes. 13330: 12918: 12353: 11170: 3611:. It receives states' reports on their performance and comments on them, and can make judgments on complaints against countries which have opted into the 1999 Optional Protocol. 3569: 2931:

Many groups and movements have managed to achieve profound social changes over the course of the 20th century in the name of human rights. In Western Europe and North America,

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is paramount, because breaches of rights committed in other countries are outside states' sovereign interest and because states could use the principle for political reasons.

3592: 3198: 7214: 7012: 2615:. From this foundation, modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes. 14688: 5480:. Retrieved 14 August 2014, "the rights that everyone should have in a society, including the right to express opinions about the government or to have protection from harm" 5441: 3636:

and makes comments on reports submitted by states every five years. It will have the power to receive complaints of specific violations only once ten member states allow it.

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that took place in 1550 and 1551. The thought of the School of Salamanca, especially through Francisco Vitoria, also contributed to the promotion of European natural law.

4845:". The term inalienable rights (or unalienable rights) refers to "a set of human rights that are fundamental, are not awarded by human power, and cannot be surrendered". 2928:, wrote "By the protection of the law, human rights are secured; withdraw that protection and they are at the mercy of wicked rulers or the clamor of an excited people." 14742: 13808: 12834: 12785: 5064:. Non-State actors can also commit human rights abuses, but are not subject to human rights law other than International Humanitarian Law, which applies to individuals. 3904:

rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states.

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The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States, also based in Washington, D.C. Along with the

2519:, and imposing an obligation on individuals to respect the human rights of others; it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of 12803: 4939:

To say that freedom is Western or unAsian is to offend our traditions as well as our forefathers, who gave their lives in the struggle against tyranny and injustices.

14648: 14573: 11182: 9477: 8072: 8094: 16624: 13320: 13256: 13209: 12973: 12487: 11947: 11701: 5104:. These were considered by the Human Rights Commission in 2004, but have no binding status on corporations and are not monitored. Additionally, the United Nations 4502:). These approaches include the notion that individuals in a society accept rules from legitimate authority in exchange for security and economic advantage (as in 1922: 5695: 4960:

also states that it is racist to assert that Asians do not want human rights. An appeal is often made to the fact that influential human rights thinkers, such as

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Natural law theories base human rights on a "natural" moral, religious or even biological order which is independent of transitory human laws or traditions.

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in 1948. Ancient peoples did not share the modern-day conception of universal human rights. The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of

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In accordance with the Paris Principles and the ICC Sub-Committee Rules of Procedure, the following classifications for accreditation are used by the ICC:

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Many examples of legal instruments at the international, regional and national level described below are designed to enforce laws securing human rights.

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Scott, C. (1989). "The Interdependence and Permeability of Human Rights Norms: Towards a Partial Fusion of the International Covenants on Human Rights".

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as they believe certain crimes pose a threat to the international community as a whole and the community has a moral duty to act, but others, including

14782: 14678: 13947: 13628: 13506: 13085: 13031: 12948: 12864: 12849: 12384: 10759: 6493: 3971: 3793: 3692: 4559:). Of these, Aristotle is often said to be the father of natural law, although evidence for this is due largely to the interpretations of his work by 17019: 16402: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14083: 13226: 12943: 12260: 11844: 11706: 11261: 3588: 2331: 1694: 8134: 5781: 5473: 4059:, but the latter is expected to accede to the European Convention and potentially the Council itself. The EU has its own human rights document; the 15841: 13501: 13281: 12773: 12739: 12660: 12492: 12237: 11691: 11591: 9472: 6452: 6352: 4064: 3716: 3271: 2463: 1125: 7994: 5643: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14378: 14057: 13701: 13696: 13552: 13050: 12108: 11953: 11863: 11686: 7314: 6899: 6855:"National Human Rights Institutions – Implementing Human Rights", Executive Director Morten Kjærum, The Danish Institute for Human Rights, 2003. 3807: 3696: 3291:

ruled, for the first time in history, that the Swiss government had violated human rights by not acting strongly enough to stop climate change.

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cultures and threaten their survival. Rights which are most often contested with relativistic arguments are the rights of women. For example,

13989: 13753: 13266: 13261: 13236: 13100: 12923: 12874: 12751: 12727: 12457: 12389: 12212: 10924: 6056: 3818: 13389: 6955:"Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples's Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights" 5408: 4800:

If every possible human rights element is deemed to be essential or necessary, then nothing will be treated as though it is truly important.

16407: 15141: 14190: 14018: 13952: 13496: 12983: 12222: 11636: 11626: 11621: 11351: 10269: 9699: 3440: 1699: 6759:"National Human Right Institutions Forum – An international forum for researchers and practitioners in the field of national human rights" 6003:, "First Principles of Racial Equality: History and the Politics and Diplomacy of Human Rights Provisions in the United Nations Charter", 5373: 16377: 15983: 15525: 14640: 14470: 14429: 13310: 12217: 12038: 11656: 11641: 11576: 11566: 11396: 11271: 8558: 7617: 7440: 7126: 6617: 6114: 1669: 1267: 793: 8020: 6563: 6163: 15672: 15055: 14554: 14435: 14293: 14045: 13979: 13691: 13618: 13601: 12963: 12913: 12839: 12780: 12716: 12522: 12482: 11974: 11926: 11726: 11511: 11496: 11326: 11311: 9482: 6784: 948: 7243: 6873: 5509: 5326:

James Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,

3537:. Members serve a maximum of six years and may have their membership suspended for gross human rights abuses. The council is based in 3010:

also had a mandate to promote and safeguard certain of the rights later included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):

15158: 14267: 13337: 13045: 12824: 12763: 12546: 12507: 12409: 12023: 11969: 11731: 11646: 11526: 11451: 11431: 11426: 11296: 10839: 9369: 5819: 3754: 3615: 3243: 2828: 7019: 6816:

B: Observer Status – Not fully in compliance with the Paris Principles or insufficient information provided to make a determination;

4918:

tradition", which could not be implemented by Muslims without trespassing the Islamic law. The former Prime Ministers of Singapore,

15607: 15495: 15233: 14051: 13885: 13172: 13110: 13070: 12958: 12622: 12584: 11746: 11671: 11581: 11536: 11481: 11401: 11361: 11341: 10113: 9297: 9043: 7201: 5724: 4498:). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of 2971: 875: 763: 8474: 8163: 4294: 275: 17240: 12859: 12712: 12642: 12404: 11798: 11768: 11736: 11721: 11611: 11571: 11556: 11551: 11516: 11466: 11421: 11356: 11336: 11331: 11316: 11301: 11291: 11286: 11276: 9753: 9586: 8217: 7044: 6736: 5938: 5180:

Critics of the view that human rights are universal argue that human rights are a Western concept that "emanate from a European,

3814:

human and peoples' rights and, should the case arise, give its views or make recommendations to governments" (Charter, Art. 45).

3374: 6928: 3070:(UDHR) is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the events of 17120: 15846: 15617: 15440: 15425: 15420: 15266: 13491: 13414: 13271: 13246: 12691: 11936: 11886: 11716: 11711: 11666: 11616: 11601: 11586: 11546: 11531: 11506: 11471: 11406: 11366: 11346: 11281: 11221: 10982: 10201: 5752:

Hazeltine, H. D. (1917). "The Influence of Magna Carta on American Constitutional Development". In Malden, Henry Elliot (ed.).

5438: 3931: 3464: 3205: 2432: 1130: 885: 708: 693: 688: 518: 6954: 5330: 3419:

Human rights abuses are monitored by United Nations committees, national institutions and governments and by many independent

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discussed natural rights in his work, identifying them as being "life, liberty, and estate (property)", and argued that such

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In August 2003, the Human Rights Commission's Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights produced draft

3934:(ASEAN) is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed in 1967 by 16183: 15500: 15317: 14946: 14931: 13922: 13545: 13315: 12901: 12886: 12869: 12512: 12414: 12338: 11606: 11596: 11461: 11456: 11386: 7825: 7100: 4139: 3873: 3622: 3121: 2935:

brought about laws granting workers the right to strike, establishing minimum work conditions and forbidding or regulating

2456: 1475: 768: 577: 120: 9150:. (1992) Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 8987:

Sepulveda, Magdalena; van Banning, Theo; Gudmundsdottir, Gudrun D.; Chamoun, Christine; van Genugten, Willem J.M. (2004).

4758:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights

16829: 16499: 16412: 16303: 15973: 15793: 15430: 15415: 14787: 14013: 14008: 13432: 13300: 13162: 13065: 12988: 12928: 12363: 12155: 12123: 11306: 9290: 5229: 5219: 4450: 4235: 4025: 3885: 3849:, the OAS made major efforts to reinvent itself to fit the new context. Its stated priorities now include the following: 3527: 3497: 3323: 3284: 2921: 2133: 1791: 1704: 1595: 1257: 1075: 698: 683: 431: 216: 8069:"Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights" 3397:

which subsidize parents who keep children in school rather than contributing to family income, has successfully reduced

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Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights

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and makes comments on reports submitted by states every five years. It does not have the power to receive complaints.

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Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Saba, Arif (2020). "UN paralysis over Syria: the responsibility to protect or regime change?".

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Accredited by the International Cooordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion of Human Rights

5738: 4727:. He proposes an alternative framework called "credit human rights", in which rights are tied to responsibilities. 4476: 4011: 2959:. Movements by long-oppressed racial and religious minorities succeeded in many parts of the world, among them the 2668: 2088: 1917: 1811: 1262: 1152: 457: 7414: 5665: 16372: 15885: 15647: 15445: 13786: 13204: 13189: 12758: 12734: 12452: 12368: 11153: 11082: 11072: 10874: 10809: 9854: 8755: 8412: 7554: 7178: 5105: 4111: 4101: 3925: 3838: 3534: 3493: 3287:

officially recognized "having a clean, healthy and sustainable environment" as a human right. In April 2024, the

2722: 2696: 2600: 2580: 2449: 1664: 1169: 923: 713: 92: 82: 9222: 8871:

Möller, Hans-Georg. "How to distinguish friends from enemies: Human rights rhetoric and western mass media". in

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This does not include the Vatican, which although recognised as an independent state, is not a member of the UN.

15510: 15153: 14334: 13384: 12908: 12844: 12746: 12497: 12399: 12195: 12114:

Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)

12019:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

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Confucianism and Reflexive Modernity: Bringing Community back to Human Rights in the Age of Global Risk Society

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There are many countries in Africa accused of human rights violations by the international community and NGOs.

3688: 3541:, and meets three times a year; with additional meetings to respond to urgent situations. Independent experts ( 3420: 3288: 2983: 2836: 2761: 778: 15652: 8393:

Cope, K., Crabtree, C., & Fariss, C. (2020). "Patterns of disagreement in indicators of state repression"

8095:"Report on the Economic and Social Council on the Sixtieth Session of the Commission (E/CN.4/2004/L.11/Add.7)" 8042: 7152: 5437:

Gary J. Bass (book reviewer), Samuel Moyn (author of book being reviewed), 20 October 2010, The New Republic,

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The United Nations (UN) is the only multilateral governmental agency with universally accepted international

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International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families

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A(R): Accreditation with reserve – granted where insufficient documentation is submitted to confer A status;

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ed. by Marguerite Ross Barnett and James A. Hefner (Port Washington, N.Y.: Alfred Publishing, 1976), p, 179.

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concept of natural law into Christianity. Natural law theories have featured greatly in the philosophies of

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In addition to the political bodies whose mandate flows from the UN charter, the UN has set up a number of

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The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present

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Han, Sang-Jin (2020). "A Universal but Non-Hegemonic Approach to Human Rights in International Politics".

2779:

From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century.

39: 16962: 16814: 16233: 15836: 15782: 14176: 13060: 12879: 12149:

Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)

11829: 11077: 10235: 9746: 9673: 9663: 9579: 9548: 9329: 5470: 5239: 4655: 4262: 4257: 4106: 3256: 2274: 2120: 1525: 1120: 1058: 243: 238: 87: 13219: 7074: 6485:"How to stop children working – Focus on reducing poverty and helping parents instead of punishing them" 6016:

Henry J. Richardson III, "Black People, Technocracy, and Legal Process: Thoughts, Fears, and Goals", in

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The adherence to the principle of indivisibility by the international community was reaffirmed in 1995:

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Human Rights in the World: An Introduction to the Study of the International Protection of Human Rights

6834: 6680:"Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice" 5623: 5209: 5136: 5078: 4896:

Map: Estimated prevalence of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in Africa. Data based on uncertain estimates.

4190: 4134: 3444: 3167:, the declarations did not apply to domestic discrimination or racism. Henry J. Richardson III argued: 3147: 2794: 2537: 2383: 1142: 813: 523: 171: 115: 9252: 7174: 6903: 6687: 4710:

theory considers the comparative reproductive advantage of human social behavior based on empathy and

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movements in many countries succeeded in driving out colonial powers. One of the most influential was

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where the goal of preventing atrocities is alleged to have taken upon itself the broader mandate of

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on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)

10854: 10582: 10344: 10304: 10294: 10242: 9105:

Sobel, Meghan, and Karen McIntyre. "Journalists' Perceptions of Human Rights Reporting in Rwanda".

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Rights that cannot be derogated for reasons of national security in any circumstances are known as

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Thomism and Aristotelianism; A Study of the Commentary by Thomas Aquinas on the Nicomachean Ethics

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aims to substantially reduce inequality by 2030 through the promotion of appropriate legislation.

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Istrefi, Remzije. "International Security Presence in Kosovo and its Human Rights Implications."

5405: 5166:. Such International law obligations are binding on all states and cannot be modified by treaty. 4817:

the call for prioritizing is not to suggest that any obvious violations of rights can be ignored.

4037: 3744: 3711: 3185:

which may be invoked under appropriate circumstances by state judiciaries and other judiciaries.

2824: 2726: 2624: 2604: 2279: 2259: 2115: 2105: 2063: 1679: 1520: 1374: 1344: 1339: 1289: 1219: 1204: 1137: 1110: 1095: 474: 16035: 8850: 5857:"Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color" 3877: 3699:. The ICJ settles disputes between nations. The ICJ does not have jurisdiction over individuals. 1319: 17066: 17039: 17029: 16509: 16489: 16352: 16223: 16120: 16070: 16040: 16020: 15950: 15930: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15806: 15777: 15750: 15726: 15721: 15312: 15302: 15148: 14941: 14914: 13912: 13374: 13095: 12054:

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

11763: 11226: 11165: 11148: 11056: 10804: 10794: 10383: 10314: 10299: 9780: 9739: 9572: 9553: 9528: 9421: 7301: 6106: 5370: 5175: 5008: 4999: 4345: 4005: 3778: 3577: 3410: 3327: 3089:

of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world

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Freedman, Lynn P.; Isaacs, Stephen L. (Jan–Feb 1993). "Human Rights and Reproductive Choice".

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to give its court's jurisdiction over crimes against humanity in other countries, and in 1998

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based his philosophy of international law on natural law. He wrote that "even the will of an

4430: 4370: 4230: 4225: 4160: 3424: 2960: 2680: 2564: 2541: 2540:. While there is consensus that human rights encompass a wide variety of rights, such as the 2346: 2306: 2239: 2128: 2078: 1997: 1746: 1510: 1414: 1389: 1384: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1299: 1249: 1209: 1115: 1085: 980: 582: 411: 351: 211: 206: 141: 13942: 9038:

Shelton, Dinah. "Self-Determination in Regional Human Rights Law: From Kosovo to Cameroon".

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in the sense of being the same for everyone. They are regarded as requiring empathy and the

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There exist a number of internationally recognized organisations with worldwide mandate or

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that he was trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause of human rights", so the term

2714: 2672: 2644: with: More information about human rights prior to the Enlightenment. You can help by 2592: 2217: 1731: 1605: 1314: 1274: 1224: 1199: 1012: 975: 703: 557: 450: 386: 270: 181: 166: 161: 151: 13861:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

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limited or even pushed aside during times of national emergency, although it clarifies:

4866:

This statement was again endorsed at the 2005 World Summit in New York (paragraph 121).

4587: 3163:), this principle was later subject to significant challenges. On the issue of the term 2785:

is an English charter originally issued in 1215 which influenced the development of the

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International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

6732: 6284: 6265: 5950: 5492:

International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach

5033: 3549:(ICC) even if the issue being referred is outside the normal jurisdiction of the ICC. 48:

or "Great Charter" was one of the world's first documents containing commitments by a

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which was later influential on human rights and civil rights thinkers. United States

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International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

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on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

11231: 10545: 10535: 10361: 10309: 10213: 10077: 9966: 9916: 9894: 9889: 9820: 9467: 9416: 9191: 8680: 8532: 8398: 8283: 7978: 7777: 6958: 6324: 6279: 6197: 5868: 5635: 5029: 4965: 4927: 4879: 4736: 4671:" in popularity, because the rights are less and less frequently seen as requiring 4619: 4390: 3020:

Report by the Director General for the International Labour Conference 87th Session

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

9165:

The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law

8906: 7490:"Council of Europe – European Union: "A sole ambition for the European Continent"" 5639: 5327: 5069:

Multinational companies often view their primary responsibility as being to their

5060:

Companies, NGOs, political parties, informal groups, and individuals are known as

2789:

and many later constitutional documents related to human rights, such as the 1689

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A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

8512: 8419: 8043:"Transnational corporations should be held to human rights standards – UN expert" 6718: 6232: 6051: 5908: 5596: 5535: 5477: 5445: 5412: 5377: 5334: 5244: 5199: 5181: 5160: 5045: 4915: 4887: 4653:

incorporated natural law into many of his theories and philosophy, especially in

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for universal human rights legislation. All UN organs have advisory roles to the

3260: 3220: 2816: 2403: 2311: 2207: 2148: 2002: 1987: 1967: 1932: 1639: 1550: 1485: 1284: 1229: 1007: 858: 443: 396: 366: 336: 331: 233: 14153: 8711: 8699: 7096: 3229: 2835:

respectively, both of which articulated certain human rights. Additionally, the

17086: 17044: 17014: 17004: 16922: 16915: 16900: 16890: 16726: 16662: 16604: 16599: 16584: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16243: 16178: 15709: 15682: 15535: 15242: 15170: 12631: 12432: 11206: 10949: 10869: 10824: 10764: 10729: 10521: 10434: 10339: 10247: 10038: 9872: 9795: 9267: 8832: 8641: 6385:"Ethiopian drought leading to dramatic increase in child marriage Unicef warns" 6353:"Sanctions Against Sudan Didn't Harm an Oppressive Government — They Helped It" 6136: 5297:

in Sudan to the ICC despite the fact that Sudan has a functioning legal system.

5264: 5214: 4957: 4668: 4624: 4591: 4583: 4575: 4560: 4519: 4380: 4360: 4304: 4056: 3985:(ACHR) was adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States on 22 May 2004. 3475: 3318: 3143: 2952: 2398: 2356: 2326: 2316: 2234: 2227: 2212: 2202: 2024: 1960: 1902: 1897: 1882: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1535: 1470: 985: 958: 803: 482: 361: 341: 285: 9195: 8684: 7781: 6201: 6137:"Access to a healthy environment, declared a human right by UN rights council" 4048:

and are able and willing to guarantee democracy, fundamental human rights and

3649:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

3607:

The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women monitors the

3116: 17209: 17098: 16721: 16657: 16642: 16504: 16469: 16449: 16320: 16263: 16198: 15612: 15515: 15101: 12282: 11916:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

10904: 10789: 10704: 10649: 10509: 10429: 10324: 10174: 10167: 10060: 10013: 9906: 9762: 9282: 9160: 9147: 9123: 8271: 6209: 5880: 5259: 5194: 5082: 4944: 4793: 4774:

education, health and housing. For example, in the United States there is no

4719: 4663: 4611: 4595: 4375: 4165: 3846: 3784: 3771: 3436: 3394: 3339: 3182: 2688: 2572: 2496: 2410: 2019: 1955: 1940: 1796: 1761: 1741: 1612: 1555: 1490: 880: 783: 356: 146: 9731: 8724:

In Defense of Human Rights: A Non-Religious Grounding in a Pluralistic World

8483:

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. International Progress Organization.

8377:

Evolution and Ethics: Human Morality in Biological and Religious Perspective

7679: 7380: 3766: 3208:) have been offered at the international level. They are generally known as 16932: 16647: 16614: 16594: 16524: 16514: 16494: 16474: 16110: 16010: 15995: 15741: 15716: 15580: 15520: 15485: 15455: 15450: 15126: 15106: 15050: 14951: 14926: 14888: 14883: 14330: 14254: 14158: 14035: 13895: 12896: 11046: 10939: 10739: 10490: 10464: 10373: 10055: 10043: 9991: 9951: 9946: 9810: 9805: 9678: 9632: 9612: 9374: 9180:"Tolerant Imperialism: John Stuart Mill's Defense of British Rule in India" 9088: 8601:

The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Era of Globalization

7436: 6293: 5224: 5074: 5070: 4919: 4630: 4599: 4324: 4319: 4284: 4210: 4195: 3680: 3489: 3309: 3160: 3071: 2877: 2840: 2244: 1945: 1912: 1892: 1816: 1806: 1786: 1766: 1394: 1294: 1279: 1017: 992: 848: 788: 753: 723: 718: 305: 300: 265: 191: 176: 8866:

International encyclopedia of human rights: freedoms, abuses, and remedies

8287: 7906:. Activating Human Rights and Diversity Conference (Byron Bay, Australia). 5036:

under the universal jurisdiction principle. The principle is supported by

3632:

The Committee on Migrant Workers was established in 2004 and monitors the

3239:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

3235:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

16834: 16794: 16762: 16629: 16589: 16429: 16342: 16293: 16268: 16168: 15863: 15602: 15585: 15540: 15460: 14873: 14762: 14249: 14124: 13938:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

11778: 11051: 11041: 10879: 10627: 10622: 10614: 10599: 10424: 10329: 10140: 9976: 9941: 9921: 9901: 9879: 9844: 9069: 8986: 8782: 8402: 6790:. National Human Rights Institutions Forum. November 2007. Archived from 6415:"Leveraging education to end female gential mutilation/cutting worldwide" 5389: 4833: 4783: 4684: 4672: 4515: 4491: 4045: 3943: 3558: 3398: 3152: 3051: 3042: 3003: 2975: 2936: 2932: 2805: 2781: 2741: 2710: 2588: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2484: 2138: 2100: 2068: 1927: 1887: 1721: 1634: 1585: 1560: 1460: 1147: 870: 853: 808: 728: 44: 17170: 7990: 7462: 6336: 3758:

Principles list a number of responsibilities for national institutions.

2633: 17187: 17108: 17103: 16984: 16979: 16875: 16859: 16716: 16609: 16567: 16529: 16337: 16325: 16298: 16288: 16208: 15629: 15624: 15595: 15530: 15374: 14858: 14244: 14025: 13090: 12590:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

10410: 10398: 10368: 10334: 10274: 9956: 9694: 8666:"Barbarian thoughts: imperialism in the philosophy of John Stuart Mill" 8505: 7410: 6270: 5888: 5856: 5128: 5116: 5017: 5013: 4961: 4911: 4650: 4634: 4607: 4503: 4495: 4021: 3998: 3707: 3599:

The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination monitors the

3075: 2808: 2786: 2718: 2596: 2420: 2415: 2296: 2291: 2187: 2163: 2014: 1907: 1865: 1821: 1629: 1617: 1590: 1580: 1500: 897: 892: 863: 798: 634: 7550: 6315:

Mueller, John; Mueller, Karl (1999). "Sanctions of mass destruction".

4979:

reaffirmed the international community's adherence to this principle:

3691:(ICJ) is the United Nations' primary judiciary body. It has worldwide 2607:. This concept featured prominently in the political discourse of the 2530:

and global and regional institutions. The precise meaning of the term

17009: 16957: 16674: 16273: 15400: 14495: 14168: 11803: 10844: 10681: 10416: 10378: 9971: 9785: 9443: 8917:

Paul, Ellen Frankel; Miller, Fred Dycus; Paul, Jeffrey (eds) (2001).

8071:. UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. 7982: 6328: 5369:

The United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights,

4983:

The universal nature of human rights and freedoms is beyond question.

4779:

rights, but have often failed to provide civil and political rights.

4541: 4533: 4499: 3935: 3156: 2321: 2269: 1972: 1565: 668: 49: 17182: 9142:

Remaking Rwanda: State building and human rights after mass violence

8635: 8555:

Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations

5872: 3217:

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

3102:

The UDHR was framed by members of the Human Rights Commission, with

16974: 16804: 16731: 16382: 16308: 16213: 16173: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15475: 15470: 15410: 15175: 15060: 14997: 14863: 14848: 14485: 13015: 13003: 12034:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

11236: 10834: 10530: 10351: 10179: 10094: 10033: 9996: 9622: 9411: 8407:

Cross, Frank B. "The relevance of law in human rights protection."

7148: 5598:

Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics

5537:

Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics

5016:, or owed to the entire world community, as well as the concept of 4923: 4711: 4568: 4525: 3967: 3947: 3939: 3842: 3414: 3226:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

3177: 2967:

movements, on behalf of women and minorities in the United States.

2549: 2480: 2286: 2110: 2029: 1674: 1600: 1505: 1465: 828: 823: 818: 743: 738: 678: 8851:"Principles, Publicity, and Politics: Notes on Human Rights Media" 8660:(reprint of 1952 edition published by University of Chicago Press) 7381:"English Version of the Statute of the Arab Court of Human Rights" 4086: 3845:, the return to democracy in Latin America, and the thrust toward 67: 15480: 15379: 15359: 15332: 15307: 15211: 15002: 14868: 13933:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

12600: 11793: 11788: 10749: 10604: 10516: 8965:

Rule of Law, Legitimate Governance and Development in the Pacific

7280: 6517:"Holocaust Key to Understanding ISIS, Says UN Human Rights Chief" 5902:

Eleanor Roosevelt: Address to the United Nations General Assembly

5021: 4724: 4707: 4055:

The Council of Europe is an organisation that is not part of the

4049: 3963: 3955: 3369: 2753: 2705:

The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of

2545: 748: 639: 619: 592: 567: 490: 14987: 14529:

Presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly of States Parties

9564: 8816:

All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery

6929:"Mandate of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights" 5032:

was arrested in London following an indictment by Spanish judge

2526:

The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within

16434: 15465: 15364: 15342: 15337: 15287: 13080: 12998: 12968: 12933: 12502: 12477: 12463:

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)

12354:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

11773: 10960: 10769: 9598: 9595: 9428: 8218:"What do we really talk about when we talk about human rights?" 6656:

The United Nations and human rights : a critical appraisal

5294: 4078: 3538: 3047: 2532: 2504: 1726: 733: 624: 602: 597: 547: 59: 12079:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

11942:

Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

8774:(1999). "Universal Human Rights and 'Human Rights in Islam'". 8305:

Darwinian Natural Right: The Biological Ethics of Human Nature

5939:"The Rule of Law in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 4993: 4741: 3978:

was adopted unanimously by ASEAN members on 18 November 2012.

3706:(ICC) is the body responsible for investigating and punishing 3199:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

2713:

tradition. It developed in new directions during the European

2591:

tradition and developed in new directions during the European

16444: 15292: 15007: 14992: 14768:

American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the ICC

12978: 12478:

UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

11898: 10734: 10724: 10719: 10191: 10186: 9128:

International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals.

7525:"Historical Background to the European Court of Human Rights" 7070: 6733:"The Resource Part II: The International Human Rights System" 5943:

Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights

5249: 4579: 4551: 4529: 4024:

in France. The Council of Europe is responsible for both the

3335: 2885: 2729:, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the 2488: 1736: 552: 9278:

The Universal Human Rights Index of United Nations documents

8160:"The Resource Part II: Human Rights in Times of Emergencies" 7551:"About the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture" 7315:"ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)" 7047:. African International Courts and Tribunals. Archived from 6830: 6710:

Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General:

5293:

The Security Council referred the human rights situation in

4810:

He, and others, urge caution with prioritisation of rights:

3480: 3253: 17056: 16885: 14843: 12448:

Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)

12443:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

11783: 10864: 6679: 6028: 6026: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5561: 5559: 5557: 3959: 3331: 2944: 2872:

approved by the National Assembly of France, 26 August 1789

2503:. They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental 2368: 2197: 11885: 9277: 9057:

Shellens, Max Salomon (1959). "Aristotle on Natural Law".

7738: 5920:(A/RES/217, 10 December 1948 at Palais de Chaillot, Paris) 4892: 4649:), that made natural law no longer dependent on theology. 2943:

movement succeeded in gaining for many women the right to

9478:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

8756:"A Conservative Call For Universal Access To Health Care" 8100:. United Nations Commission on Human Rights. p. 81. 7946: 7883: 7859: 7849: 7847: 6420:. International Center for Research on Women. p. 3. 5723:. Vol. 1. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 83. 5404:

Burns H. Weston, 20 March 2014, Encyclopædia Britannica,

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recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and

11948:

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

8899:

The international human rights movement : a history

8565:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

8185:

Shaheed, Ahmed; Richter, Rose Parris (17 October 2018).

7934: 6578: 6540: 6087: 6023: 5977: 5554: 3731:

have been exhausted does international law take effect.

3458: 3031: 2986:, to be further developed following the two World Wars. 10849: 9513:

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals

9272: 8938:

Robertson, Arthur Henry; Merrills, John Graham (1996).

8440:

2nd ed. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.

6981:"Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union" 6762: 5111: 4947:, in his keynote speech to the Asian Press Forum title 4040:. Membership is open to all European states which seek 2989: 14308: 8585:. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press. 7844: 7714: 7018:. Amnesty International. 5 August 2004. Archived from 6637: 6635: 4869: 3654:

The Committee on Enforced Disappearances monitors the

17159: 12488:

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)

12044:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

11960:

Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity

8933:

A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide

4567:

into one of natural law is usually attributed to the

3645:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

3134:

Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

3095:

Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2998:

was established in 1919 at the negotiations over the

13891:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

13841:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

12344:

Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

12139:

Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

12074:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

11965:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

9024:(6th ed.). Leiden: Cambridge University Press. 8705:

The Principles of International Law and Human Rights

7871: 7569: 7553:. European Committee for the Prevention of Torture. 7487: 5800: 5578: 5576: 5574: 3892:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

3641:

Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

3195:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

2910:

and Garrison's publication. In 1849 a contemporary,

2744:

tradition was heavily influenced by the writings of

14828: 7910: 7726: 7277:"Overview – Association of Southeast Asian Nations" 6632: 6590: 5965: 4061:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

4034:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

2870:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

2833:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

13948:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 12193: 11757:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) 9468:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials) 7832: 7702: 6515: 6483: 6451: 6351: 5720:A History of Medieval Political Theory in the West 5451: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 3972:ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights 3724: 17020:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 14084:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 12518:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) 11845:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 9051:International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 8553:Gorman, Robert F. and Edward S. Mihalkanin, eds. 8244: 7922: 7632: 7581: 6266:"Economic sanction: a weapon of mass destruction" 6233:"The responsibility to protect and regime change" 6044: 5692:"International Human Rights Law: A Short History" 5571: 5340: 4678: 3589:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 3580:promotes participation with the standards of the 3278: 2839:of 1776 encoded into law a number of fundamental 2332:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 17207: 12405:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture 12238:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 9498:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia 9473:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 9273:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 8438:Universal Human Rights in Theory & Practice. 7964: 7758:Thomistic Natural Law as Darwinian Natural Right 7199: 6712:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 6453:"Confronting a sexual rite of passage in Malawi" 4065:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture 3734: 3272:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2906:probably came into use sometime between Paine's 16680:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 14058:World Federation of United Nations Associations 13553:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 12585:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 12385:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 11954:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5400: 5398: 5352: 4641:, Prolegomeni XI). This is the famous argument 4070: 3794:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 3552: 2709:, which first appeared as part of the medieval 2587:, which first appeared as part of the medieval 1978:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 16162:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12069:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 9312: 8374: 8184: 8154: 8152: 7744: 7175:"InterAmerican Court on Human Rights homepage" 6785:"Chart of the Status of National Institutions" 6314: 6187: 5739:"Augustine on Law and Order — Lawexplores.com" 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 3898:Charter of the Organization of American States 3254:Convention on the Rights of the Child | UNICEF 3228:(CERD) (adopted 1966, entry into force: 1969) 1454:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 52:to his people to respect certain legal rights. 15227: 14814: 14294: 14184: 12616: 12268: 12213:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 11871: 10976: 9761: 9747: 9580: 9298: 9093:On Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures. 7677: 7151:. Inter-Americal Commission on Human Rights. 6349: 5055: 4470: 3572:(UNHCHR) and the UN Centre for Human Rights. 3252:(CRC) (adopted 1989, entry into force: 1989) 2892:during the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1831, 2457: 451: 13953:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 12223:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 12109:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 8718:Vienna: International Progress Organization. 7650: 5395: 3808:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 3723:The ICC and other international courts (see 3441:International Freedom of Expression Exchange 3246:(CAT) (adopted 1984, entry into force: 1984) 2536:is controversial and remains the subject of 16378:List of people killed for being transgender 12523:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) 12218:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 12039:Convention on the Political Rights of Women 8875:(U of Hawaii Press, 2003) pp. 209–221. 8514:Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach 8149: 7756:Paul, Miller, Paul (2001): Arnhart, Larry. 7271: 7269: 6818:C: Non-compliant with the Paris Principles. 5463: 5418: 5311: 4994:Universal jurisdiction vs state sovereignty 4742:Indivisibility and categorization of rights 4730: 4554: 3614:The Committee Against Torture monitors the 3404: 2914:, wrote about human rights in his treatise 1670:List of people killed for being transgender 15234: 15220: 15056:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 14821: 14807: 14448:Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution 14436:Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act 14346:Agreements on the Enforcement of Sentences 14301: 14287: 14191: 14177: 14046:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 13958:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 12623: 12609: 12390:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 12275: 12261: 11975:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 11927:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 11878: 11864: 10983: 10969: 9754: 9740: 9587: 9573: 9483:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 9305: 9291: 9190:(4). Cambridge University Press: 586–611. 8679:(3). Cambridge University Press: 599–618. 8375:Clayton, Philip; Schloss, Jeffrey (2004). 8321: 7952: 7901: 7889: 7865: 7611: 7519: 7517: 6923: 6921: 6584: 6546: 6263: 6164:"Swiss Women Win Landmark Climate Victory" 6093: 6081: 6032: 5988: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5601:. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. 5540:. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. 4814: 4477: 4463: 3819:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 3504: 3082: 2679:Many of the basic ideas that animated the 2563:Many of the basic ideas that animated the 2464: 2450: 458: 444: 27:Fundamental rights belonging to all humans 12458:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 12410:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 11900:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions 9503:Special Panels of the Dili District Court 8577: 8409:International Review of Law and Economics 7940: 6283: 5751: 5745: 5624:"Human Rights Evolution, A Brief History" 3244:United Nations Convention Against Torture 2853:United States Declaration of Independence 2829:United States Declaration of Independence 2491:behaviour and are regularly protected as 15496:Social determinants of health in poverty 14430:American Service-Members' Protection Act 13475:Conference on International Organization 12129:Convention for the Prevention of Torture 9056: 8878: 8791:"Interview with William Montgomery Watt" 8778:. Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. 2–7. 8714:. (1990). "Democracy and Human Rights". 8613:The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History 8481:Human Rights in International Relations. 7720: 7655:. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, p. 2. 7575: 7266: 7177:. Inter-American Court on Human Rights. 6812:A: Compliance with the Paris Principles; 6702: 6658:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 474. 5854: 5115: 4891: 4861:, World Conference on Human Rights, 1995 4859:Vienna Declaration and Program of Action 3992: 3765: 3670: 3479: 3188: 3151:unanimously, with the abstention of the 3041: 2972:International Committee of the Red Cross 2864: 2663: 764:Social determinants of health in poverty 38: 13390:Office international d'hygiène publique 12493:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) 12483:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 12468:International Labour Organization (ILO) 11677:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 8919:Natural Law and Modern Moral Philosophy 8911:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 8770: 8716:Studies in International Relations, XV. 8632:Croatian International Relations Review 8531: 8510: 8302: 7967:"The Pitfall of Universal Jurisdiction" 7877: 7732: 7684:The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7514: 7403: 7200:Repucci, Sarah; Slipowitz, Amy (2021). 6918: 6230: 5971: 5936: 5923: 5716: 5594: 5565: 5533: 5120:Extrajudicial detention of captives in 4563:. The development of this tradition of 3974:was inaugurated, and subsequently, the 3666: 3643:was established in 2008 to monitor the 3521: 3294: 3219:(adopted 1948, entry into force: 1951) 3050:... may well become the international 14: 17208: 14341:Agreement on Privileges and Immunities 14198: 13185:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 12508:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 11937:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 11887:International human rights instruments 11769:List of human rights abuses by country 11257:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017) 11222:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 9177: 9140:Straus, Scott, and Lars Waldorf, eds. 8993:(3rd ed.). University for Peace. 8904: 8450: 8395:Political Science Research and Methods 8361:Human Rights: Promotion and Protection 8270: 8187:"Is 'Human Rights' a Western Concept?" 8075:from the original on 12 September 2016 7916: 7904:Human Rights: Dirty Words in Singapore 7853: 7708: 7488:Juncker, Jean-Claude (11 April 2006). 7361:from the original on 10 September 2016 6653: 6382: 6238:. Centre for European Policy Studies. 6018:Public Policy for the Black Community, 5346: 3932:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 3683:over certain aspects of human rights: 3465:International human rights instruments 2860: 2762:obligated to obey laws that are unjust 15215: 14910:Charitable trust / Registered charity 14802: 14442:International Criminal Court Act 2001 14282: 14172: 14099:UN television film series (1964–1966) 13851:International Narcotics Control Board 13782:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 13570:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 13541:Convention on the Rights of the Child 13519:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 12604: 12453:Organisation of American States (OAS) 12256: 12192: 12095: 12049:Convention on the Rights of the Child 12004: 12003: 11986:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 11921:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 11897: 11859: 11840:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10964: 9735: 9568: 9286: 9264:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9040:American Journal of International Law 8813: 8753: 8721: 8640: 8583:Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry 8471:Historical Dictionary of Human Rights 8428:State Repression and Political Order. 8340: 8324:The No-Nonsense Guide to Human Rights 8166:from the original on 21 December 2007 8107:from the original on 16 February 2008 8023:from the original on 14 November 2008 7965:Kissinger, Henry (July–August 2001). 7838: 7659:from the original on 18 December 2007 7638: 7620:from the original on 13 December 2007 7587: 7531:from the original on 22 December 2007 7469:from the original on 24 November 2003 7304:. Wikisource. Retrieved 14 March 2007 7220:from the original on 10 December 2021 6947: 6449: 6045:Littman, David G. (19 January 2003). 5806: 5784:from the original on 8 September 2021 5621: 5515:from the original on 13 November 2018 4578:sought to incorporate the until then 3950:. The organisation now also includes 3823:Court of Justice of the African Union 3570:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 3459:Protection at the international level 3250:Convention on the Rights of the Child 3068:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3060:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3038:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3032:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3026: 2693:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2691:, culminating in the adoption of the 2577:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2575:, culminating in the adoption of the 17144: 16184:Capital punishment for homosexuality 15501:Social determinants of mental health 14947:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation 14932:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation 13923:United Nations Postal Administration 13558:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 13277:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 12415:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 12339:Committee on the Rights of the Child 9019: 8837:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an: vol 1–5 8663: 8609: 8215: 8049:from the original on 21 January 2008 7928: 7391:from the original on 19 January 2021 7181:from the original on 27 October 2007 7155:from the original on 14 January 2008 7129:from the original on 20 January 2008 7103:from the original on 3 December 2007 6739:from the original on 21 January 2008 6641: 6596: 6464:from the original on 2 December 2019 6231:Emerson, Michael (1 December 2011). 6059:from the original on 11 January 2008 5582: 5457: 5271: 5112:Human rights in emergency situations 3874:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 3803:Protecting human and peoples' rights 3623:Committee on the Rights of the Child 3450: 3212:. Some of the most significant are: 3122:economic, social and cultural rights 2990:Between World War I and World War II 2628: 1476:Capital punishment for homosexuality 769:Social determinants of mental health 16304:Genital modification and mutilation 14788:World Day for International Justice 13326:Permanent representatives to the UN 13215:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 12321:Truth and reconciliation commission 12156:American Convention on Human Rights 8432:Annual Review of Political Science. 8345:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8322:Ball, Olivia; Gready, Paul (2007). 8228:from the original on 11 August 2022 8045:. UN News Centre. 13 October 2003. 7769: 7557:from the original on 2 January 2008 7495:. Council of Europe. Archived from 7125:. Organization of American States. 6427:from the original on 6 October 2022 5498:. Paris: UNESCO. 2018. p. 16. 5230:LGBT rights by country or territory 5220:Human right to water and sanitation 4870:Universalism vs cultural relativism 4782:Another categorization, offered by 4026:European Convention on Human Rights 3886:American Convention on Human Rights 3800:Promoting human and peoples' rights 3528:United Nations Human Rights Council 3498:United Nations Human Rights Council 3345: 3285:United Nations Human Rights Council 1596:Genital modification and mutilation 24: 15241: 14310:International Criminal Court (ICC) 14135:Withdrawal from the United Nations 13321:Security Council Permanent members 12630: 12134:European Convention on Nationality 11267:during the Libyan civil war (2011) 11129:National human rights institutions 11124:List of human rights organisations 9211: 8955:"Rwanda: progress or powder keg?." 7690:from the original on 14 April 2009 7527:. European Court of Human Rights. 7325:from the original on 21 April 2021 6837:from the original on 20 April 2019 6450:Ahmed, Beenish (20 January 2014). 6117:from the original on 27 March 2013 5778:"Britain's unwritten constitution" 5698:from the original on 14 March 2023 5235:List of human rights organisations 4841:Some human rights are said to be " 3997:European Court of Human Rights in 3751:national human rights institutions 3741:National human rights institutions 3433:World Organisation Against Torture 3106:as chair, who began to discuss an 2819:. In Britain in 1689, the English 2683:developed in the aftermath of the 2567:developed in the aftermath of the 25: 17282: 15166:Master of Nonprofit Organizations 14120:United Nations in popular culture 13804:Expulsion from the United Nations 13749:General Assembly President (2016) 12124:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 10945:Western European and Others Group 9594: 9228: 8563:Houghton Mifflin Company (2006). 8197:from the original on 10 July 2022 7443:from the original on 29 July 2012 7417:from the original on 20 July 2010 7077:from the original on 19 July 2019 6620:from the original on 7 March 2022 6161: 5911:10 December 1948 in Paris, France 5727:from the original on 8 June 2016. 5672:from the original on 6 March 2023 5666:"A Short History of Human Rights" 5646:from the original on 6 March 2023 4789:three generations of human rights 4509: 3868:Promoting sustainable development 3469: 3364:protected by wealthier families. 3299: 3237:(CEDAW) (entry into force: 1981) 3008:International Labour Organization 2922:Supreme Court Justice David Davis 2917:On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 2748:early Christian thinkers such as 2523:based on specific circumstances. 17193: 17181: 17169: 17143: 17134: 17133: 16783:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 16620:Law for Protection of the Nation 16520:White genocide conspiracy theory 14654:Democratic Republic of the Congo 14469: 14152: 12096: 11252:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp 10990: 9235: 9144:(Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2011). 8209: 8178: 8119: 8087: 8061: 8035: 8009: 7958: 7895: 7813: 7763: 7750: 7463:"The Council of Europe in Brief" 7411:"Council of Europe Human Rights" 6690:from the original on 2 July 2019 6562:. UN News Centre. Archived from 6496:from the original on 12 May 2022 6395:from the original on 12 May 2022 6245:from the original on 6 June 2022 5754:Magna Carta commemoration essays 4988:2005 World Summit, paragraph 120 4085: 4012:Human rights in the Soviet Union 3865:The rights of Indigenous Peoples 2982:in 1864 laid the foundations of 2815:could not be surrendered in the 2669:U.S. Declaration of Independence 2632: 2089:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1918:Law for Protection of the Nation 1812:White genocide conspiracy theory 489: 66: 16625:MSM blood donation restrictions 16373:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 14830:Charitable giving and practices 13708:International Court of Justice 13257:Sport for Development and Peace 12513:UN Development Programme (UNDP) 12473:World Health Organization (WHO) 11377:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet 11083:Natural rights and legal rights 11073:Claim rights and liberty rights 8990:Human Rights Reference Handbook 8942:. Manchester University Press. 8883:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 8743:. Oxford and London: Routledge 8673:Review of International Studies 8363:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. 8017:"Corporations and Human Rights" 7819: 7671: 7644: 7605: 7593: 7543: 7481: 7455: 7429: 7373: 7337: 7307: 7295: 7236: 7193: 7167: 7141: 7115: 7089: 7063: 7037: 7005: 6986:. African Union. Archived from 6973: 6892: 6876:. African Union. Archived from 6866: 6849: 6823: 6777: 6751: 6725: 6672: 6647: 6610:"Introduction of the Committee" 6602: 6552: 6528:from the original on 9 May 2022 6508: 6476: 6443: 6407: 6383:Davies, Lizzy (30 April 2022). 6376: 6364:from the original on 5 May 2022 6343: 6308: 6257: 6224: 6181: 6155: 6129: 6099: 6047:"Human Rights and Human Wrongs" 6038: 6010: 5994: 5937:Glendon, Mary Ann (July 2004). 5914: 5895: 5848: 5829:. December 1866. Archived from 5812: 5770: 5731: 5710: 5684: 5658: 5615: 5588: 5527: 5287: 5278: 5106:Sustainable Development Goal 10 5077:, Special Rapporteur of the UN 4930:both claimed in the 1990s that 4662:The Belgian philosopher of law 4112:Natural rights and legal rights 4102:Claim rights and liberty rights 3926:Human Rights in the Middle East 3839:Organization of American States 3535:United Nations General Assembly 3494:United Nations Security Council 2697:United Nations General Assembly 2581:United Nations General Assembly 1923:MSM blood donation restrictions 1665:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 93:Natural rights and legal rights 83:Claim rights and liberty rights 17241:Legal doctrines and principles 16638:(as religious or racial quota) 15154:List of charitable foundations 13385:Permanent Court of Arbitration 13380:International Peace Conference 12747:International Court of Justice 12400:European Court of Human Rights 12196:International humanitarian law 11247:against Palestinians by Israel 9544:International humanitarian law 9488:Special Court for Sierra Leone 9167:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 8873:Technology and Cultural Values 8603:(U of California Press, 2008) 8539:. Random House of Canada Ltd. 8453:Natural Law and Natural Rights 8379:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 8250:Amnesty International (2004). 8245:References and further reading 7123:"Directory of OAS Authorities" 5824:, 71 U.S. 2, 119. (full text)" 5483: 4956:Singapore's opposition leader 4776:universal access to healthcare 4679:Other theories of human rights 4044:, accept the principle of the 4030:European Court of Human Rights 3976:ASEAN Human Rights Declaration 3719:, which established the court. 3689:International Court of Justice 3421:non-governmental organizations 3289:European Court of Human Rights 3279:Including environmental rights 3274:(ICC) (entry into force: 2002) 2984:International humanitarian law 2837:Virginia Declaration of Rights 1936:(as religious or racial quota) 13: 1: 17052:Second-generation gender bias 16768:Constitutional colorblindness 15491:Social determinants of health 14937:Non-governmental organization 14356:Charter of the United Nations 13918:Sustainable Development Goals 13445:Declaration by United Nations 13370:International Telegraph Union 12164:to Prevent and Punish Torture 9074:Human Rights and Asian Values 9049:Sills, David L. (1968, 1972) 8425:Davenport, Christian (2007). 6350:Nesrine Malik (3 July 2018). 6285:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31944-5 5640:10.32048/Coespumagazine3.19.3 5026:law of universal jurisdiction 4140:Economic, social and cultural 3735:Regional human rights regimes 3515:Charter of the United Nations 2364:Second-generation gender bias 2074:Constitutional colorblindness 759:Social determinants of health 121:Economic, social and cultural 32:Human rights (disambiguation) 13846:International Criminal Court 13282:UN organizations by location 12349:International Criminal Court 11088:Negative and positive rights 9508:Special Tribunal for Lebanon 9493:International Criminal Court 8921:Cambridge University Press. 8616:. Harvard University Press. 8253:Amnesty International Report 8216:Silk, James (23 June 2021). 7745:Clayton & Schloss (2004) 6654:Alston, Philip, ed. (1992). 6264:Habibzadeh, Farrokh (2018). 6107:"Convention against Torture" 5169: 5085:stated in a report in 2003: 4542: 4436:Self-determination of people 4117:Negative and positive rights 4071:Philosophies of human rights 3983:Arab Charter on Human Rights 3922:Human rights in Central Asia 3704:International Criminal Court 3675:The official logo of the ICC 3553:United Nations treaty bodies 3547:International Criminal Court 3108:International Bill of Rights 2957:Indian independence movement 2896:wrote in a newspaper called 2799:United States Bill of Rights 2538:ongoing philosophical debate 2487:that establish standards of 417:Self-determination of people 98:Negative and positive rights 7: 16963:Medical model of disability 16815:Hate speech laws by country 13980:Security Council veto power 13287:Sexual Violence in Conflict 13210:Economic and Social Affairs 12781:Economic and Social Council 12503:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) 11830:List of human rights awards 11702:in the United Arab Emirates 11078:Individual and group rights 9549:International speech crimes 9330:Customary international law 8479:Forsythe, David P. (2000). 8455:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7244:"Democracy Reports | V-Dem" 5855:Crenshaw, Kimberle (1991). 5415:. Retrieved 14 August 2014. 5240:List of human rights awards 5187: 4656:Two Treatises of Government 4536:, posited the existence of 4528:and his philosophic heirs, 4107:Individual and group rights 3832: 3725:Regional human rights below 2275:Medical model of disability 2121:Hate speech laws by country 88:Individual and group rights 10: 17287: 17072:Social model of disability 15546:Discrimination against men 15107:Charity / thrift / op shop 14983:Charity (Christian virtue) 14778:European Union and the ICC 14031:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 13856:International Day of Peace 13338:General Assembly Observers 12661:General Assembly President 12498:UN Population Fund (UNFPA) 12160:Inter-American Convention 12024:Convention against Torture 11752:of the Marcos dictatorship 9370:Convention Against Torture 9314:International criminal law 9107:African Journalism Studies 8963:Salevao, Lutisone (2005). 8495:Studies in Family Planning 8341:Beitz, Charles R. (2009). 7902:Chee, S.J. (3 July 2003). 7045:"African Court of Justice" 5448:. Retrieved 14 August 2014 5380:. Retrieved 14 August 2014 5337:. Retrieved 14 August 2014 5210:Disability rights movement 5173: 5137:Anti-terrorism legislation 5126: 5079:Commission on Human Rights 5056:State and non-state actors 5042:human rights organisations 4997: 4873: 4734: 4513: 4009: 4003: 3911: 3776: 3738: 3556: 3525: 3473: 3462: 3445:Anti-Slavery International 3408: 3391:conditional cash transfers 3387:guaranteed minimum incomes 3349: 3324:2011 military intervention 3303: 3148:civil and political rights 3035: 2963:, and more recent diverse 2924:, in his 1867 opinion for 2795:United States Constitution 2717:with such philosophers as 2622: 2618: 2595:with philosophers such as 2384:Social model of disability 814:Discrimination against men 29: 17129: 16868: 16745: 16538: 16425:Opposition to immigration 16149: 15791: 15638: 15393: 15343:Race / Ethnicity 15280: 15249: 15079: 15031:Animal Charity Evaluators 15016: 14975: 14897: 14836: 14783:United States and the ICC 14755: 14730: 14712: 14639: 14632: 14542: 14516: 14509: 14478: 14467: 14422: 14387: 14371: 14364: 14323: 14316: 14263: 14237: 14206: 14148: 14071: 13762: 13684: 13587: 13575:World Heritage Convention 13484: 13463:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 13425: 13362: 13353: 13299: 13173:General Assembly Building 13146: 13029: 12801: 12700: 12682: 12673: 12638: 12570: 12531: 12423: 12377: 12359:UN Human Rights Committee 12329: 12316:Human rights institutions 12298: 12203: 12188: 12104: 12091: 12014: 11999: 11906: 11893: 11812: 11697:in the State of Palestine 11682:in the Dominican Republic 11262:during the Gaddafi regime 11199: 11144: 11137: 11116: 11096: 11065: 11037: 11026: 10998: 10715:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 10695: 10613: 10450: 10285: 10156:Standard Average European 10024: 9853: 9773: 9713: 9687: 9651: 9605: 9539:Joint criminal enterprise 9521: 9452: 9383: 9320: 9196:10.1017/S0034670506000246 9130:Oxford: Clarendon Press. 8861:(No. 3). pp. 605–612 8810:, no. 26 (Winter): 33–39. 8754:Light, Donald W. 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(2009). 5471:human rights – definition 5444:12 September 2015 at the 4949:Media and Society in Asia 4903:female genital mutilation 3988: 3918:Human rights in East Asia 3817:With the creation of the 3761: 3366:Female genital mutilation 3317:refers to a doctrine for 3315:Responsibility to protect 3204:Numerous other treaties ( 2888:expanded on the theme of 1717:Opposition to immigration 603:Race / Ethnicity 16420:Occupational segregation 16189:Compulsory sterilization 14229:Fourth Geneva Convention 14219:Second Geneva Convention 13881:Military Staff Committee 13220:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 12723:Deputy Secretary-General 12652:Deputy Secretary-General 12571:ICRC – organization with 12395:African Court of Justice 10855:Lancaster House Treaties 10345:Christian existentialism 10305:Ancient Roman philosophy 10295:Ancient Greek philosophy 9459:(in order of foundation) 8879:Nathwani, Niraj (2003). 8436:Donnelly, Jack. (2003). 8343:The idea of human rights 8326:. New Internationalist. 7953:Ball & Gready (2007) 7890:Ball & Gready (2007) 7866:Ball & Gready (2007) 6722:. Retrieved 8 June 2007. 6585:Ball & Gready (2007) 6547:Ball & Gready (2007) 6094:Ball & Gready (2007) 6082:Ball & Gready (2007) 6033:Ball & Gready (2007) 5989:Ball & Gready (2007) 5304: 4731:Concepts in human rights 4623:considering humankind's 4094:Theoretical distinctions 3695:. It is directed by the 3405:Informational strategies 3210:human rights instruments 3146:. The inclusion of both 1712:Occupational segregation 1481:Compulsory sterilization 75:Theoretical distinctions 17231:International relations 16948:Internalized oppression 16810:Fighting Discrimination 16800:Fat acceptance movement 16758:Anti-discrimination law 16398:Native American mascots 14491:Crimes against humanity 14224:Third Geneva Convention 14214:First Geneva Convention 14052:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 14014:UN International School 14009:UN Federal Credit Union 13990:Security Council reform 13826:Four Nations Initiative 13754:Security Council (2016) 13597:Security Council vetoes 12728:Under-Secretary-General 12364:UN Human Rights Council 12311:Human rights commission 11932:Declaration of Montreal 11820:History of human rights 11227:Enforced disappearances 11217:Crimes against humanity 10633:Equality before the law 9840:Romano-Germanic culture 9700:Parental responsibility 9397:Crimes against humanity 8864:Maddex, Robert L., ed. 8855:American Anthropologist 8799:(No. 51) pp. 8–11. 8634:23.80 (2017): 131–154. 8469:Fomerand, Jacques. ed. 8303:Arnhart, Larry (1998). 7202:"Democracy Under Siege" 5717:Carlyle, A. J. (1903). 5390:Sepulveda et al. (2004) 5066:Multinational companies 4610:. In the 17th century, 4506:) – a social contract. 4038:European Social Charter 3970:. In October 2009, the 3907: 3859:Protecting human rights 3853:Strengthening democracy 3749:In over 110 countries, 3745:Human rights commission 3712:crimes against humanity 3484:The UN General Assembly 3375:sexual initiation rites 3342:the target government. 2727:Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui 2625:History of human rights 2605:Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui 2260:Internalized oppression 2116:Fighting Discrimination 2106:Fat acceptance movement 2064:Anti-discrimination law 1690:Native American mascots 17067:Social identity threat 17040:Reverse discrimination 17030:Racial color blindness 16510:Violence against women 16490:Sex-selective abortion 15149:Ethics of philanthropy 15142:Psychological barriers 14942:Nonprofit organization 14524:List of states parties 14002:Security Council mural 13968:Millennium Declaration 13913:SDG Publishers Compact 13375:Universal Postal Union 11764:Incitement to genocide 11057:Universal jurisdiction 10795:Eastern European Group 10384:Continental philosophy 10315:Judeo-Christian ethics 10300:Hellenistic philosophy 9781:Cradle of civilization 9554:Universal jurisdiction 9529:Command responsibility 9422:Incitement to genocide 9360:United Nations Charter 9217:Ishay, Micheline, ed. 9184:The Review of Politics 9095:New York: BasicBooks. 9020:Shaw, Malcolm (2008). 8905:Nickel, James (2010). 8881:Rethinking Refugee Law 8833:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8739:Landman, Todd (2006). 8500:(No.1): p. 18–30 8359:Chauhan, O.P. (2004). 8276:Human Rights Quarterly 8191:IPI Global Observatory 8019:. Human Rights Watch. 7678:Fagan, Andrew (2006). 7073:. Human Rights Watch. 6560:"Human Rights Council" 6190:International Politics 6005:Human Rights Quarterly 5476:19 August 2014 at the 5469:Macmillan Dictionary, 5376:19 August 2014 at the 5371:What are human rights? 5176:Human rights inflation 5157: 5124: 5098: 5009:Universal jurisdiction 5000:Universal jurisdiction 4991: 4954: 4897: 4864: 4839: 4825: 4808: 4763: 4704: 4700:Rethinking Refugee Law 4639:De iure belli ac pacis 4555: 4333:Other groups of rights 4006:Human rights in Europe 4001: 3779:Human rights in Africa 3774: 3676: 3578:Human Rights Committee 3519: 3485: 3411:Human rights education 3328:First Libyan Civil War 3268:(ICRMW) (adopted 1990) 3139: 3100: 3063: 3024: 2970:The foundation of the 2894:William Lloyd Garrison 2873: 2858: 2791:English Bill of Rights 2676: 2379:Social identity threat 2352:Reverse discrimination 2342:Racial color blindness 1802:Violence against women 1782:Sex-selective abortion 314:Other groups of rights 53: 17035:Religious intolerance 16995:Political correctness 16825:Intersex human rights 16773:Cultural assimilation 16455:Religious persecution 16219:Disability hate crime 14967:Voluntary association 14962:Religious corporation 14773:Coalition for the ICC 14455:Völkerstrafgesetzbuch 14140:Women in peacekeeping 13799:Drug control treaties 12542:Amnesty International 11981:Yogyakarta Principles 11825:List of global issues 10915:Three Seas Initiative 10890:Pacific Islands Forum 10755:British–Irish Council 10503:Greek Orthodox Church 9962:Industrial Revolution 9932:Scientific Revolution 9178:Tunick, Mark (2006). 9109:39.3 (2018): 85–104. 9087:Shute, Stephen & 8913:(Fall 2010 ed.). 8818:. St Martin's Press. 8814:Mayer, Henry (2000). 8808:Progressive Librarian 8741:Studying Human Rights 8610:Moyn, Samuel (2010). 8451:Finnis, John (1980). 8418:22 April 2021 at the 8288:10.1353/hrq.2005.0030 7822:""预付人权"：一种非西方的普遍人权理论" 7439:. Council of Europe. 7413:. Council of Europe. 6492:. 18 September 2021. 5622:Sutto, Marco (2019). 5333:5 August 2019 at the 5144: 5119: 5087: 5038:Amnesty International 4981: 4937: 4914:understanding of the 4895: 4850: 4826: 4812: 4798: 4749: 4690: 4675:for their existence. 4616:contractualist theory 4153:Rights by beneficiary 3996: 3769: 3674: 3502: 3483: 3425:Amnesty International 3377:with men and passing 3259:26 April 2019 at the 3206:pieces of legislation 3189:Human Rights Treaties 3126: 3080: 3045: 3012: 3002:following the end of 2978:and the first of the 2961:civil rights movement 2955:'s leadership of the 2876:Philosophers such as 2868: 2845: 2804:17th century English 2750:St Hilary of Poitiers 2681:human rights movement 2667: 2565:human rights movement 2544:, protection against 2542:right to a fair trial 2347:Religious intolerance 2307:Political correctness 2129:Intersex human rights 2079:Cultural assimilation 1747:Religious persecution 1511:Disability hate crime 134:Rights by beneficiary 42: 16440:Political repression 15446:Anti-left handedness 15436:Anti-intellectualism 15112:Click-to-donate site 14976:Charity and religion 14763:Legal Tools Database 14501:Crimes of aggression 14094:United Nations Radio 14089:United Nations Medal 14041:University for Peace 13772:Bretton Woods system 13507:governed territories 13252:Developing Countries 13163:Secretariat Building 13032:Specialized agencies 12573:special status based 11911:Brazilian Resolution 11707:in the United States 11482:in Jammu and Kashmir 11028:Fundamental concepts 10910:Special Relationship 10320:Christian philosophy 10265:Western Christianity 9927:Age of Enlightenment 9801:Hellenistic Kingdoms 9643:Right to family life 9455:International courts 9355:Nuremberg principles 9042:105.1 (2011): 60–81 8958:Journal of Democracy 8935:(Basic Books, 2013). 8901:(Princeton UP, 2012) 8849:McLagan, Meg (2003) 8664:Jahn, Beate (2005). 8567:. Houghton Mifflin. 8403:10.1017/psrm.2018.62 7776:. pp. 102–117. 7210:Freedom in the World 7149:"What is the IACHR?" 6765:on 15 September 2002 6566:on 13 September 2018 6113:. 10 December 1984. 5907:22 June 2017 at the 5205:Deaf rights movement 5161:peremptory norms or 4786:, is that there are 4604:Samuel von Pufendorf 4451:Water and sanitation 4042:European integration 3914:Human rights in Asia 3862:Combating corruption 3667:International courts 3522:Human Rights Council 3295:Promotion strategies 3000:Treaty of Versailles 2843:and civil freedoms. 2673:Continental Congress 1732:Political repression 714:Anti-left handedness 704:Anti-intellectualism 432:Water and sanitation 30:For other uses, see 16943:Historical eugenics 16480:Segregation academy 16460:Religious terrorism 16249:Enemy of the people 16157:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 15678:Jehovah's Witnesses 15571:Perpetual foreigner 13866:International Years 13831:Genocide Convention 13267:Outer Space Affairs 13262:Disarmament Affairs 13227:Safety and Security 13168:Conference Building 13148:Secretariat offices 12793:Trusteeship Council 12369:UN Security Council 12208:Genocide Convention 11692:in the Soviet Union 11592:in Papua New Guinea 11242:Human rights abuses 11200:Human rights abuses 11104:Corporal punishment 10935:West Nordic Council 10800:Eastern Partnership 10389:Analytic philosophy 10090:Classical tradition 9912:Early modern period 9868:Classical antiquity 9863:European Bronze Age 9638:Reproductive rights 9402:Crime of aggression 9365:Genocide Convention 9116:7 July 2021 at the 8960:26.3 (2015): 19–33. 8802:Maret, Susan 2005. 8722:Kohen, Ari (2007). 8648:. Greenwood Press. 8411:19.1 (1999): 87–98 8137:on 27 November 2020 7599:Sills (1968, 1972) 7302:Bangkok Declaration 7283:on 11 November 2002 7025:on 18 February 2008 6906:on 30 December 2007 6797:on 16 February 2008 6524:. 7 February 2015. 5949:(5). Archived from 5861:Stanford Law Review 5795:unusual punishment. 5780:. British Library. 5628:The CoESPU Magazine 5411:18 May 2015 at the 4876:Cultural relativism 4135:Civil and political 3513:Article 1–3 of the 3076:rights-duty duality 2949:National liberation 2912:Henry David Thoreau 2861:1800 to World War I 2731:American Revolution 2609:American Revolution 2255:Historical eugenics 1772:Segregation academy 1752:Religious terrorism 1541:Enemy of the people 1449:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 954:Jehovah's Witnesses 839:Perpetual foreigner 116:Civil and political 16855:Social integration 16850:Self-determination 16840:Racial integration 16788:Diversity training 16778:Cultural pluralism 16753:Affirmative action 16653:Racial segregation 16563:Crime of apartheid 16465:Religious violence 15970:Indigenous people 15370:Sexual orientation 15137:Effective altruism 15122:Donor-advised fund 15087:Alternative giving 15066:Giving What We Can 15041:Charity assessment 15018:Charity evaluation 14854:Charity (practice) 14486:Crimes of genocide 14351:Geneva Conventions 14200:Geneva Conventions 13886:Official languages 13433:London Declaration 13242:Internal Oversight 13232:Palestinian Rights 12804:Funds, programmes, 12577:Geneva Conventions 12562:Human Rights First 12552:Human Rights Watch 12306:Human rights group 12228:Geneva Conventions 11687:in the Philippines 11212:Crime of apartheid 10394:Post-structuralism 10357:Christian humanism 9987:Universal suffrage 9705:Parental liability 9623:Matrimonial rights 9407:Crime of apartheid 9345:Geneva Conventions 9122:Steiner, J. & 8979:Osgood Law Journal 8953:Reyntjens, Filip. 8839:Brill Publishing. 8787:McIntosh, Alastair 8776:Midstream Magazine 8708:. hanskoechler.com 8599:Ishay, Micheline. 8579:Ignatieff, Michael 8162:. United Nations. 7997:on 14 January 2009 6935:on 20 January 2008 6900:"AU in a Nutshell" 6874:"AU Member States" 6735:. United Nations. 6717:9 May 2008 at the 6278:(10150): 816–817. 6162:Sharp, Alexandra. 6001:Paul Gordon Lauren 5125: 5090:position of power. 4898: 4884:Moral universalism 4843:inalienable rights 4718:. The philosopher 4714:in the context of 4574:Some of the early 4540:or natural right ( 4002: 3775: 3677: 3486: 3429:Human Rights Watch 3379:sex training tests 3357:Economic sanctions 3352:Economic sanctions 3159:South Africa, and 3115:and French lawyer 3087:inalienable rights 3064: 3027:After World War II 2980:Geneva Conventions 2874: 2813:fundamental rights 2687:and the events of 2677: 2571:and the events of 2558:right to education 2493:substantive rights 2159:Social integration 2154:Self-determination 2144:Racial integration 2094:Diversity training 2084:Cultural pluralism 2059:Affirmative action 1951:Racial segregation 1861:Crime of apartheid 1757:Religious violence 1254:Indigenous people 630:Sexual orientation 54: 18:Human rights abuse 17246:Philosophy of law 17236:Law and economics 17157: 17156: 17025:Racism by country 16953:Intersectionality 16938:Heteronormativity 16737:Voter suppression 16485:Sexual harassment 16284:Forced conversion 16204:Cultural genocide 15869:African Americans 15688:post–Cold War era 15673:Eastern Orthodoxy 15431:Anti-drug addicts 15426:Anti-homelessness 15353:Scientific racism 15209: 15208: 15181:Visiting the sick 15046:Charity Navigator 15026:Aid effectiveness 14957:Social enterprise 14879:Humanity (virtue) 14796: 14795: 14751: 14750: 14628: 14627: 14534:Review Conference 14465: 14464: 14418: 14417: 14276: 14275: 14166: 14165: 13997:UN Art Collection 13973:Millennium Summit 13928:UN Block By Block 13908:Ralph Bunche Park 13876:UN laissez-passer 13836:UN Global Compact 13793:Delivering as One 13692:Secretary-General 13583: 13582: 13563:Indigenous Caucus 13457:Tehran Conference 13451:Moscow Conference 13426:Preparatory years 13395:League of Nations 13295: 13294: 13195:Palace of Nations 12897:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 12713:Secretary-General 12656:Amina J. Mohammed 12643:Secretary-General 12598: 12597: 12438:Council of Europe 12250: 12249: 12246: 12245: 12233:Hague Conventions 12184: 12183: 12087: 12086: 12007:International law 11995: 11994: 11853: 11852: 11835:Three generations 11195: 11194: 11112: 11111: 10958: 10957: 10785:Council of Europe 10687:International law 10640:Constitutionalism 10498:Eastern Orthodoxy 10004:Post–Cold War era 9937:Age of Revolution 9791:Greco-Roman world 9729: 9728: 9618:Children's rights 9562: 9561: 9388:international law 9350:Nuremberg Charter 9340:Hague Conventions 9059:Natural Law Forum 9031:978-0-511-45559-9 9022:International Law 8931:Power, Samantha. 8868:(CQ Press, 2000). 8623:978-0-674-04872-0 8533:Glendon, Mary Ann 8524:978-0-7456-2356-6 8397:, 8(1), 178–187. 8352:978-0-19-957245-8 8127:"Goal 10 targets" 7651:Weston, Burns H. 6880:on 5 January 2008 6708:United Nations. 5822:Ex Parte Milligan 5568:, pp. 15–17. 5439:The Old New Thing 5272:Explanatory notes 5255:Prisoners' rights 5133:National security 5050:state sovereignty 5004:State sovereignty 4977:2005 World Summit 4972:Michael Ignatieff 4951:, 2 December 1994 4768:full belly thesis 4716:natural selection 4487: 4486: 4145:Three generations 4067:was established. 4018:Council of Europe 3952:Brunei Darussalam 3856:Working for peace 3806:Interpreting the 3789:continental union 3451:Legal instruments 3176:The onset of the 3104:Eleanor Roosevelt 3056:Eleanor Roosevelt 2996:League of Nations 2965:identity politics 2926:Ex Parte Milligan 2908:The Rights of Man 2823:and the Scottish 2774:Valladolid Debate 2735:French Revolution 2723:Francis Hutcheson 2662: 2661: 2613:French Revolution 2601:Francis Hutcheson 2548:, prohibition of 2528:international law 2501:international law 2474: 2473: 2337:Racism by country 2265:Intersectionality 2250:Heteronormativity 2035:Voter suppression 1777:Sexual harassment 1576:Forced conversion 1496:Cultural genocide 1153:African Americans 964:post–Cold War era 949:Eastern Orthodoxy 699:Anti-drug addicts 694:Anti-homelessness 613:Scientific racism 468: 467: 126:Three generations 16:(Redirected from 17278: 17198: 17197: 17196: 17186: 17185: 17174: 17173: 17165: 17147: 17146: 17137: 17136: 17077:Social privilege 17062:Social exclusion 16990:Police brutality 16911:Multiculturalism 16881:Amatonormativity 16712:Social exclusion 16548:Age of candidacy 16348:Homeless dumping 16254:Ethnic cleansing 15236: 15229: 15222: 15213: 15212: 15201:Warm-glow giving 15196:Wall of kindness 15186:Voluntary sector 14823: 14816: 14809: 14800: 14799: 14637: 14636: 14514: 14513: 14473: 14444:(United Kingdom) 14388:Security Council 14372:General Assembly 14369: 14368: 14321: 14320: 14303: 14296: 14289: 14280: 14279: 14193: 14186: 14179: 14170: 14169: 14159:World portal 14157: 14156: 14063:Biopiracy treaty 13649:Nagorno-Karabakh 13619:Security Council 13602:General Assembly 13529:Human Rights Day 13469:Yalta Conference 13439:Atlantic Charter 13360: 13359: 13316:Founding members 13237:Peace Operations 13121:World Bank Group 12815:Culture of Peace 12806:and other bodies 12759:Security Council 12735:General Assembly 12701:Principal organs 12680: 12679: 12647:António Guterres 12625: 12618: 12611: 12602: 12601: 12277: 12270: 12263: 12254: 12253: 12190: 12189: 12093: 12092: 12001: 12000: 11970:Paris Principles 11895: 11894: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11857: 11856: 11607:in Punjab, India 11232:Forced migration 11142: 11141: 11035: 11034: 11030:and philosophies 10985: 10978: 10971: 10962: 10961: 10830:EU Customs Union 10362:Secular humanism 10310:Christian ethics 10260:East–West Schism 10243:Physical culture 9967:Great Divergence 9917:Age of Discovery 9756: 9749: 9742: 9733: 9732: 9652:Rights movements 9589: 9582: 9575: 9566: 9565: 9522:Related concepts 9460: 9417:Genocidal intent 9307: 9300: 9293: 9284: 9283: 9239: 9238: 9207: 9091:(eds.). (1993). 9066: 9035: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9007:on 28 March 2012 9003:. Archived from 8914: 8894: 8829: 8805: 8779: 8767: 8736: 8696: 8670: 8659: 8627: 8596: 8550: 8528: 8466: 8390: 8356: 8337: 8318: 8299: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8222:OpenGlobalRights 8213: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8156: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8133:. Archived from 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8106: 8099: 8091: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8013: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8002: 7993:. Archived from 7983:10.2307/20050228 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7941:Ignatieff (2001) 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7767: 7761: 7754: 7748: 7742: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7718: 7712: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7612:van Dun, Frank. 7609: 7603: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7521: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7501: 7494: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7437:"Social Charter" 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7360: 7349: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7279:. Archived from 7273: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7250:. 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Archived from 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6729: 6723: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6606: 6600: 6594: 6588: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6519: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6487: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6455: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6434: 6432: 6426: 6419: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6355: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6329:10.2307/20049279 6312: 6306: 6305: 6287: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6244: 6237: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6143:. 8 October 2021 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6103: 6097: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6066: 6064: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6021: 6014: 6008: 5998: 5992: 5986: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5934: 5921: 5918: 5912: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5867:(6): 1241–1299. 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5791: 5789: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5756:. BiblioBazaar. 5749: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5569: 5563: 5552: 5551: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5514: 5497: 5487: 5481: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5435: 5416: 5402: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5367: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5324: 5298: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5155: 5151:United Nations, 5096: 5062:non-State actors 5030:Augusto Pinochet 4989: 4966:John Stuart Mill 4952: 4928:Mahathir Mohamad 4880:Moral relativism 4862: 4837: 4823: 4816: 4806: 4761: 4737:Human Rights Law 4702: 4698:Niraj Nathwani, 4683:The philosopher 4620:legal positivism 4588:Francisco Suárez 4558: 4545: 4543:dikaion physikon 4479: 4472: 4465: 4426:Rest and leisure 4089: 4075: 4074: 3946:, Singapore and 3755:Paris Principles 3697:Security Council 3517: 3506: 3383:girls' education 3346:Economic actions 3197:(ICCPR) and the 3137: 3098: 3084: 3022: 2882:John Stuart Mill 2856: 2695:in Paris by the 2685:Second World War 2671:ratified by the 2657: 2654: 2636: 2629: 2579:in Paris by the 2569:Second World War 2466: 2459: 2452: 2389:Social privilege 2374:Social exclusion 2302:Police brutality 2223:Multiculturalism 2193:Amatonormativity 2010:Social exclusion 1846:Age of candidacy 1640:Homeless dumping 1546:Ethnic cleansing 493: 470: 469: 460: 453: 446: 407:Rest and leisure 70: 56: 55: 21: 17286: 17285: 17281: 17280: 17279: 17277: 17276: 17275: 17271:Western culture 17261:Theories of law 17206: 17205: 17204: 17194: 17192: 17180: 17168: 17160: 17158: 17153: 17125: 17000:Polyculturalism 16896:Civil liberties 16864: 16845:Reappropriation 16746:Countermeasures 16741: 16670:Racial steering 16636:Numerus clausus 16540: 16534: 16259:Ethnic conflict 16194:Corrective rape 16145: 15787: 15634: 15526:HIV/AIDS stigma 15389: 15338:Mental disorder 15276: 15245: 15240: 15210: 15205: 15191:Volunteer grant 15132:Earning to give 15092:Benefit concert 15075: 15071:GreatNonprofits 15012: 14971: 14901: 14893: 14832: 14827: 14797: 14792: 14747: 14726: 14708: 14624: 14538: 14505: 14474: 14461: 14432:(United States) 14414: 14383: 14360: 14312: 14307: 14277: 14272: 14268:List of parties 14259: 14233: 14202: 14197: 14167: 14162: 14151: 14144: 14067: 13758: 13680: 13579: 13480: 13421: 13363:Preceding years 13349: 13302: 13291: 13150:and departments 13149: 13142: 13034: 13025: 12808: 12805: 12797: 12696: 12669: 12634: 12629: 12599: 12594: 12574: 12572: 12566: 12527: 12425: 12419: 12378:Regional bodies 12373: 12331: 12325: 12294: 12281: 12251: 12242: 12199: 12180: 12100: 12083: 12010: 11991: 11902: 11889: 11884: 11854: 11849: 11808: 11637:in South Africa 11627:in Sierra Leone 11622:in Saudi Arabia 11352:in Burkina Faso 11307:in Azad Kashmir 11191: 11133: 11108: 11092: 11061: 11031: 11029: 11022: 11013:Intersex people 10994: 10989: 10959: 10954: 10920:UKUSA Agreement 10860:Lublin Triangle 10745:Baltic Assembly 10697: 10691: 10609: 10446: 10281: 10151:Eurolinguistics 10020: 10009:Information age 9982:Interwar period 9849: 9769: 9760: 9730: 9725: 9709: 9683: 9669:Mothers' rights 9647: 9628:Mothers' rights 9601: 9593: 9563: 9558: 9534:Superior orders 9517: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9448: 9390: 9387: 9379: 9335:Peremptory norm 9316: 9311: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9240: 9236: 9231: 9221:(2nd ed. 2007) 9214: 9212:Primary sources 9118:Wayback Machine 9032: 9010: 9008: 9001: 8967:. ANU E Press. 8891: 8826: 8803: 8734: 8668: 8656: 8642:Jaffa, Harry V. 8624: 8593: 8547: 8525: 8463: 8420:Wayback Machine 8387: 8353: 8334: 8315: 8247: 8242: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8214: 8210: 8200: 8198: 8183: 8179: 8169: 8167: 8158: 8157: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8097: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8076: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8052: 8050: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8000: 7998: 7971:Foreign Affairs 7963: 7959: 7951: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7927: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7900: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7876: 7872: 7864: 7860: 7852: 7845: 7837: 7833: 7828:on 18 May 2021. 7818: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7792: 7768: 7764: 7755: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7731: 7727: 7721:Nathwani (2003) 7719: 7715: 7707: 7703: 7693: 7691: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7649: 7645: 7637: 7633: 7623: 7621: 7610: 7606: 7598: 7594: 7586: 7582: 7576:Shellens (1959) 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7523: 7522: 7515: 7505: 7503: 7499: 7492: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7435: 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3354: 3348: 3312: 3302: 3297: 3281: 3261:Wayback Machine 3191: 3138: 3132: 3099: 3093: 3040: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3018: 2992: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2831:and the French 2817:social contract 2797:, and the 1791 2658: 2652: 2649: 2642:needs expansion 2627: 2621: 2511:, and they are 2470: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2312:Polyculturalism 2208:Civil liberties 2180: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2149:Reappropriation 2051: 2050:Countermeasures 2043: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2039: 1968:Racial steering 1934:Numerus clausus 1838: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1551:Ethnic conflict 1486:Corrective rape 1441: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1078: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 916: 906: 905: 904: 903: 902: 794:HIV/AIDS stigma 661: 653: 652: 651: 650: 649: 598:Mental disorder 540: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 501: 464: 337:Civil liberties 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17284: 17274: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 17226:Egalitarianism 17223: 17218: 17203: 17202: 17190: 17178: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17151: 17141: 17130: 17127: 17126: 17124: 17123: 17118: 17117: 17116: 17106: 17101: 17096: 17095: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17048: 17047: 17045:Reverse racism 17037: 17032: 17027: 17022: 17017: 17015:Prisoner abuse 17012: 17007: 17005:Power distance 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16971: 16970: 16960: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16923:Ethnic penalty 16920: 16919: 16918: 16916:Neurodiversity 16913: 16903: 16901:Dehumanization 16898: 16893: 16891:Cisnormativity 16888: 16883: 16878: 16872: 16870: 16869:Related topics 16866: 16865: 16863: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16792: 16791: 16790: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16749: 16747: 16743: 16742: 16740: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16727:State religion 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16708: 16707: 16702: 16697: 16692: 16682: 16677: 16672: 16667: 16666: 16665: 16663:Nuremberg Laws 16660: 16650: 16645: 16640: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16605:Ghetto benches 16602: 16600:Gerrymandering 16597: 16592: 16587: 16585:Gender pay gap 16582: 16581: 16580: 16575: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16544: 16542: 16539:Discriminatory 16536: 16535: 16533: 16532: 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16416: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16368:Lavender scare 16365: 16363:Kill Haole Day 16360: 16358:Indian rolling 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16334: 16333: 16323: 16318: 16317: 16316: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16244:Eliminationism 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16179:Cancel culture 16176: 16171: 16166: 16165: 16164: 16153: 16151: 16150:Manifestations 16147: 16146: 16144: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16046:Middle Eastern 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15987: 15986: 15981: 15976: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15882: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15829: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15798: 15796: 15789: 15788: 15786: 15785: 15783:Zoroastrianism 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15759: 15758: 15748: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15714: 15713: 15712: 15710:Untouchability 15707: 15697: 15692: 15691: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15644: 15642: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15600: 15599: 15598: 15593: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15536:Leprosy stigma 15533: 15528: 15523: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15397: 15395: 15391: 15390: 15388: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15356: 15355: 15350: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15284: 15282: 15278: 15277: 15275: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15253: 15251: 15247: 15246: 15243:Discrimination 15239: 15238: 15231: 15224: 15216: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15171:Matching funds 15168: 15163: 15162: 15161: 15151: 15146: 15145: 15144: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15083: 15081: 15080:Further topics 15077: 15076: 15074: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15022: 15020: 15014: 15013: 15011: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14979: 14977: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14923: 14922: 14912: 14906: 14904: 14895: 14894: 14892: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14840: 14838: 14834: 14833: 14826: 14825: 14818: 14811: 14803: 14794: 14793: 14791: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14759: 14757: 14753: 14752: 14749: 14748: 14746: 14745: 14740: 14734: 14732: 14728: 14727: 14725: 14724: 14718: 14716: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14645: 14643: 14634: 14633:Investigations 14630: 14629: 14626: 14625: 14623: 14622: 14617: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14552: 14546: 14544: 14540: 14539: 14537: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14520: 14518: 14517:States parties 14511: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14482: 14480: 14476: 14475: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14462: 14460: 14459: 14451: 14445: 14439: 14433: 14426: 14424: 14420: 14419: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14391: 14389: 14385: 14384: 14382: 14381: 14375: 14373: 14366: 14365:UN resolutions 14362: 14361: 14359: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14327: 14325: 14318: 14314: 14313: 14306: 14305: 14298: 14291: 14283: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14270: 14264: 14261: 14260: 14258: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14241: 14239: 14235: 14234: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14210: 14208: 14204: 14203: 14196: 14195: 14188: 14181: 14173: 14164: 14163: 14149: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14109: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14068: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14022: 14021: 14011: 14006: 14005: 14004: 13994: 13993: 13992: 13982: 13977: 13976: 13975: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13904: 13903: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13822: 13821: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13768: 13766: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13745: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13706: 13705: 13704: 13699: 13688: 13686: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13678: 13677: 13676: 13671: 13669:Western Sahara 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13616: 13615: 13614: 13609: 13599: 13593: 13591: 13585: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13578: 13577: 13572: 13567: 13566: 13565: 13560: 13550: 13549: 13548: 13538: 13533: 13532: 13531: 13526: 13516: 13515: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13478: 13472: 13466: 13460: 13454: 13448: 13442: 13436: 13429: 13427: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13419: 13418: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13366: 13364: 13357: 13351: 13350: 13348: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13343:European Union 13335: 13334: 13333: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13307: 13305: 13297: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13223: 13222: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13180:Envoy on Youth 13177: 13176: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13154: 13152: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13140: 13139: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13037: 13035: 13030: 13027: 13026: 13024: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13007: 13006: 13001: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12905: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12884: 12883: 12882: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12811: 12809: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12795: 12790: 12789: 12788: 12778: 12777: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12756: 12755: 12754: 12744: 12743: 12742: 12732: 12731: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12704: 12702: 12698: 12697: 12695: 12694: 12688: 12686: 12677: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12667: 12665:Dennis Francis 12658: 12649: 12639: 12636: 12635: 12632:United Nations 12628: 12627: 12620: 12613: 12605: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12581: 12579: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12538: 12536: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12433:European Union 12429: 12427: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12381: 12379: 12375: 12374: 12372: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12335: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12302: 12300: 12296: 12295: 12283:International 12280: 12279: 12272: 12265: 12257: 12248: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12241: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12186: 12185: 12182: 12181: 12179: 12178: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12158: 12153: 12152: 12151: 12146: 12144:Social Charter 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12118: 12117: 12116: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12089: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12015: 12012: 12011: 11997: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11989: 11983: 11978: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11951: 11945: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11918: 11913: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11891: 11890: 11883: 11882: 11875: 11868: 11860: 11851: 11850: 11848: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11816: 11814: 11810: 11809: 11807: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11760: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11657:in Switzerland 11654: 11649: 11644: 11642:in South Korea 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11577:in North Korea 11574: 11569: 11567:in New Zealand 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11512:in Kyrgyzstan‎ 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11397:in El Salvador 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11322:in Balochistan 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11272:in Afghanistan 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11207:Atrocity crime 11203: 11201: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11145: 11139: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11126: 11120: 11118: 11114: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11106: 11100: 11098: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11069: 11067: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11038: 11032: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10988: 10987: 10980: 10973: 10965: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10950:Westernization 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10930:Visegrád Group 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10870:Nordic Council 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10765:Bucharest Nine 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10730:Arctic Council 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10701: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10642: 10637: 10636: 10635: 10625: 10619: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10574: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10524: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10483: 10482: 10481: 10456: 10454: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10443: 10442: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10421: 10420: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10349: 10348: 10347: 10340:Existentialism 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10291: 10289: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10252: 10251: 10250: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10233: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10211: 10206: 10205: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10153: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10116: 10111: 10110: 10109: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10075: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10058: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10030: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9904: 9899: 9898: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9873:Late antiquity 9865: 9859: 9857: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9826: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9818: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9788: 9783: 9777: 9775: 9771: 9770: 9759: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9736: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9723: 9717: 9715: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9691: 9689: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9602: 9592: 9591: 9584: 9577: 9569: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9525: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9464: 9462: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9425: 9424: 9419: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9393: 9391: 9386:Crimes against 9384: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9326: 9324: 9318: 9317: 9310: 9309: 9302: 9295: 9287: 9281: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9268:United Nations 9241: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9229:External links 9227: 9226: 9225: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9175: 9161:Tierney, Brian 9158: 9145: 9138: 9124:Alston, Philip 9120: 9103: 9085: 9067: 9054: 9047: 9036: 9030: 9017: 8999: 8984: 8975: 8973:978-0731537211 8961: 8951: 8936: 8929: 8915: 8907:"Human Rights" 8902: 8897:Neier, Aryeh. 8895: 8889: 8876: 8869: 8862: 8847: 8845:978-9004147430 8830: 8824: 8811: 8800: 8780: 8772:Littman, David 8768: 8760:Penn Bioethics 8751: 8737: 8733:978-0415420150 8732: 8719: 8709: 8697: 8661: 8654: 8638: 8628: 8622: 8607: 8597: 8591: 8575: 8561: 8551: 8545: 8529: 8523: 8508: 8491: 8477: 8467: 8461: 8448: 8434: 8423: 8405: 8391: 8385: 8372: 8357: 8351: 8338: 8333:978-1904456452 8332: 8319: 8313: 8307:. SUNY Press. 8300: 8282:(3): 755–829. 8272:Alston, Philip 8268: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8208: 8177: 8148: 8118: 8086: 8060: 8034: 8008: 7957: 7945: 7933: 7921: 7909: 7894: 7882: 7878:Littman (1999) 7870: 7858: 7856:, p. 807. 7843: 7831: 7812: 7791:978-9004415492 7790: 7762: 7749: 7737: 7733:Arnhart (1998) 7725: 7713: 7701: 7680:"Human Rights" 7670: 7653:"Human Rights" 7643: 7631: 7604: 7592: 7580: 7568: 7542: 7513: 7480: 7454: 7428: 7402: 7372: 7336: 7306: 7294: 7265: 7235: 7192: 7166: 7140: 7114: 7088: 7062: 7036: 7004: 6972: 6946: 6917: 6891: 6865: 6848: 6822: 6776: 6750: 6724: 6701: 6671: 6665:978-0198254508 6664: 6646: 6644:, p. 309. 6631: 6601: 6599:, p. 311. 6589: 6577: 6551: 6539: 6507: 6475: 6442: 6406: 6375: 6358:Foreign Policy 6342: 6307: 6256: 6223: 6196:(4): 536–550. 6180: 6168:Foreign Policy 6154: 6141:United Nations 6128: 6098: 6086: 6074: 6037: 6022: 6009: 5993: 5976: 5972:Glendon (2001) 5964: 5922: 5913: 5894: 5847: 5811: 5809:, p. 110. 5799: 5769: 5763:978-1116447477 5762: 5744: 5730: 5709: 5683: 5657: 5614: 5608:978-1139483483 5607: 5587: 5570: 5566:Freeman (2002) 5553: 5547:978-1139483483 5546: 5526: 5505:978-9231002595 5504: 5482: 5462: 5460:, p. 265. 5450: 5417: 5394: 5382: 5351: 5339: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5286: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5265:Welfare rights 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5215:Discrimination 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5171: 5168: 5148: 5122:Guantanamo Bay 5113: 5110: 5092: 5057: 5054: 4995: 4992: 4985: 4958:Chee Soon Juan 4941: 4871: 4868: 4855: 4830: 4819: 4802: 4754: 4743: 4740: 4732: 4729: 4695: 4680: 4677: 4669:natural rights 4625:natural rights 4592:Richard Hooker 4584:Thomas Aquinas 4576:Church fathers 4561:Thomas Aquinas 4520:Natural rights 4511: 4510:Natural rights 4508: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4381:Free migration 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4082: 4081: 4072: 4069: 4057:European Union 4004:Main article: 3990: 3987: 3909: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3834: 3831: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3777:Main article: 3763: 3760: 3736: 3733: 3729:local remedies 3721: 3720: 3700: 3668: 3665: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3637: 3630: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3597: 3585: 3557:Main article: 3554: 3551: 3526:Main article: 3523: 3520: 3510: 3476:United Nations 3474:Main article: 3471: 3470:United Nations 3468: 3463:Main article: 3460: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3406: 3403: 3347: 3344: 3319:United Nations 3301: 3300:Military force 3298: 3296: 3293: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3247: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3190: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3144:Mahatma Gandhi 3130: 3091: 3036:Main article: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3016: 2991: 2988: 2953:Mahatma Gandhi 2941:women's rights 2862: 2859: 2849: 2825:Claim of Right 2821:Bill of Rights 2770:iura naturalia 2707:natural rights 2675:on 4 July 1776 2660: 2659: 2639: 2637: 2623:Main article: 2620: 2617: 2585:natural rights 2483:principles or 2472: 2471: 2469: 2468: 2461: 2454: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2357:Reverse racism 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2327:Prisoner abuse 2324: 2319: 2317:Power distance 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2235:Ethnic penalty 2232: 2231: 2230: 2228:Neurodiversity 2225: 2215: 2213:Dehumanization 2210: 2205: 2203:Cisnormativity 2200: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2179:Related topics 2178: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2025:State religion 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1961:Nuremberg Laws 1958: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1903:Ghetto benches 1900: 1898:Gerrymandering 1895: 1890: 1885: 1883:Gender pay gap 1880: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1660:Lavender scare 1657: 1655:Kill Haole Day 1652: 1650:Indian rolling 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1615: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1536:Eliminationism 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1471:Cancel culture 1468: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1440:Manifestations 1439: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1330:Middle Eastern 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1059:Zoroastrianism 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 990: 989: 988: 986:Untouchability 983: 973: 968: 967: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 936: 931: 926: 920: 919: 918: 917: 912: 911: 908: 907: 901: 900: 895: 890: 889: 888: 883: 878: 868: 867: 866: 861: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 804:Leprosy stigma 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 665: 664: 663: 662: 659: 658: 655: 654: 648: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 616: 615: 610: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 544: 543: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 527: 526: 521: 516: 511: 505: 504: 503: 502: 499: 498: 495: 494: 486: 485: 483:Discrimination 479: 478: 466: 465: 463: 462: 455: 448: 440: 437: 436: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 362:Free migration 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 316: 315: 311: 310: 309: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 252: 251: 246: 236: 231: 226: 225: 224: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 136: 135: 131: 130: 129: 128: 123: 118: 110: 109: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 85: 77: 76: 72: 71: 63: 62: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17283: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17214: 17213: 17211: 17201: 17191: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17166: 17163: 17150: 17142: 17140: 17132: 17131: 17128: 17122: 17119: 17115: 17112: 17111: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17099:Social stigma 17097: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17085: 17083: 17080: 17079: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17046: 17043: 17042: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16969: 16966: 16965: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16908: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16873: 16871: 16867: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16789: 16786: 16785: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16750: 16748: 16744: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16722:State atheism 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16687: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16658:Jim Crow laws 16656: 16655: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16644: 16643:One-drop rule 16641: 16639: 16637: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16570: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16558:Blood quantum 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16545: 16543: 16537: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16505:Victimisation 16503: 16501: 16500:Trans bashing 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16470:Religious war 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16450:Racialization 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16400: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16332: 16329: 16328: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16321:Glass ceiling 16319: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16264:Ethnic hatred 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16199:Counter-jihad 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16163: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16148: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15985: 15984:United States 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15971: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15872: 15870: 15867: 15866: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15848: 15847:United States 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15834: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15790: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15768:Protestantism 15766: 15764: 15761: 15757: 15754: 15753: 15752: 15749: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15724: 15723: 15720: 15719: 15718: 15715: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15702: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15683:LDS or Mormon 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15665: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15645: 15643: 15641: 15637: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15613:Transmisogyny 15611: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15604: 15601: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15516:Gerontophobia 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15441:Anti-intersex 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15416:Anti-albinism 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15392: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15345: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15285: 15283: 15279: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15257:Institutional 15255: 15254: 15252: 15248: 15244: 15237: 15232: 15230: 15225: 15223: 15218: 15217: 15214: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15160: 15157: 15156: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15143: 15140: 15139: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15102:Charity fraud 15100: 15098: 15097:Caffè sospeso 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15084: 15082: 15078: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15023: 15021: 15019: 15015: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14974: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14921: 14918: 14917: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14907: 14905: 14903: 14902:organizations 14896: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14835: 14831: 14824: 14819: 14817: 14812: 14810: 14805: 14804: 14801: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14760: 14758: 14754: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14729: 14723: 14720: 14719: 14717: 14715: 14711: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14659:Darfur, Sudan 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14646: 14644: 14642: 14638: 14635: 14631: 14621: 14618: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14541: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14515: 14512: 14508: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14472: 14457: 14456: 14452: 14449: 14446: 14443: 14440: 14437: 14434: 14431: 14428: 14427: 14425: 14421: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14392: 14390: 14386: 14380: 14377: 14376: 14374: 14370: 14367: 14363: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14336: 14332: 14329: 14328: 14326: 14324:International 14322: 14319: 14315: 14311: 14304: 14299: 14297: 14292: 14290: 14285: 14284: 14281: 14269: 14266: 14265: 14262: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14236: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14209: 14205: 14201: 14194: 14189: 14187: 14182: 14180: 14175: 14174: 14171: 14161: 14160: 14155: 14147: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14114: 14110: 14108: 14106: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14076: 14074: 14070: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14053: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14020: 14017: 14016: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14003: 14000: 13999: 13998: 13995: 13991: 13988: 13987: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13974: 13971: 13970: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13943:Treaty Series 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13902: 13899: 13898: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13794: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13761: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13694: 13693: 13690: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13621: 13620: 13617: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13604: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13594: 13592: 13590: 13586: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13555: 13554: 13551: 13547: 13544: 13543: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13521: 13520: 13517: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13476: 13473: 13470: 13467: 13464: 13461: 13458: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13446: 13443: 13440: 13437: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13424: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13397: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13367: 13365: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13352: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13332: 13329: 13328: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13303:and observers 13298: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13247:Legal Affairs 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13221: 13218: 13217: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13151: 13145: 13137: 13134: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13123: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13028: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12996: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12888: 12885: 12881: 12878: 12877: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12800: 12794: 12791: 12787: 12784: 12783: 12782: 12779: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12760: 12757: 12753: 12750: 12749: 12748: 12745: 12741: 12738: 12737: 12736: 12733: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12718: 12714: 12711: 12710: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12699: 12693: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12672: 12666: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12637: 12633: 12626: 12621: 12619: 12614: 12612: 12607: 12606: 12603: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12569: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12557:Emergency NGO 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12535: 12530: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12430: 12428: 12424:Multi-lateral 12422: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12376: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12330:International 12328: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12289: 12288:organisations 12286: 12278: 12273: 12271: 12266: 12264: 12259: 12258: 12255: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12202: 12198: 12197: 12191: 12187: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12121: 12119: 12115: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12103: 12099: 12094: 12090: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12013: 12009: 12008: 12002: 11998: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11955: 11952: 11949: 11946: 11943: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11881: 11876: 11874: 11869: 11867: 11862: 11861: 11858: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11811: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11727:in Uzbekistan 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11617:in the Russia 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11497:in Kazakhstan 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11327:in Bangladesh 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11312:in Azerbaijan 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11202: 11198: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11178:South America 11176: 11174: 11172: 11171:North America 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11143: 11140: 11136: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117:Organizations 11115: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11095: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11064: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11036: 11033: 11025: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10981: 10979: 10974: 10972: 10967: 10966: 10963: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10895:PROSUR/PROSUL 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10790:Craiova Group 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10705:ABCANZ Armies 10703: 10702: 10700: 10694: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10634: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10532: 10529: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10518: 10515: 10511: 10510:Protestantism 10508: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10487: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10471: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10461: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10449: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10430:Sovereigntism 10428: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10418: 10414: 10413: 10412: 10409: 10405: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10325:Scholasticism 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10284: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10256: 10253: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10241: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10224: 10220: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10185: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10176: 10173: 10169: 10166: 10165: 10164: 10161: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10100: 10096: 10093: 10092: 10091: 10088: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10023: 10015: 10014:War on terror 10012: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10005: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9909: 9908: 9907:Modern period 9905: 9903: 9900: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9852: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9763:Western world 9757: 9752: 9750: 9745: 9743: 9738: 9737: 9734: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9597: 9590: 9585: 9583: 9578: 9576: 9571: 9570: 9567: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9520: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9456: 9451: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9434:Slave trading 9432: 9430: 9427: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9382: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9308: 9303: 9301: 9296: 9294: 9289: 9288: 9285: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9255: 9254: 9248: 9244: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9215: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9176: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9148:Sunga, Lyal S 9146: 9143: 9139: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9119: 9115: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9089:Hurley, Susan 9086: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9055: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9023: 9018: 9006: 9002: 8996: 8992: 8991: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8952: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8930: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8886: 8882: 8877: 8874: 8870: 8867: 8863: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8835:(ed) (2005). 8834: 8831: 8827: 8821: 8817: 8812: 8809: 8801: 8798: 8795: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8735: 8729: 8726:. Routledge. 8725: 8720: 8717: 8713: 8712:Köchler, Hans 8710: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8700:Köchler, Hans 8698: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8615: 8614: 8608: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8520: 8516: 8515: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8492: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8454: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8421: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8382: 8378: 8373: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8344: 8339: 8335: 8329: 8325: 8320: 8316: 8310: 8306: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8248: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8212: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8181: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8153: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8122: 8103: 8096: 8090: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8022: 8018: 8012: 7996: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7961: 7955:, p. 70. 7954: 7949: 7943:, p. 68. 7942: 7937: 7930: 7925: 7918: 7917:Tunick (2006) 7913: 7905: 7898: 7892:, p. 25. 7891: 7886: 7879: 7874: 7868:, p. 42. 7867: 7862: 7855: 7854:Alston (2005) 7850: 7848: 7840: 7835: 7827: 7823: 7816: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7766: 7759: 7753: 7746: 7741: 7734: 7729: 7723:, p. 25. 7722: 7717: 7710: 7709:Finnis (1980) 7705: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7674: 7658: 7654: 7647: 7640: 7635: 7619: 7615: 7614:"Natural Law" 7608: 7602: 7596: 7589: 7584: 7577: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7518: 7502:on 1 May 2011 7498: 7491: 7484: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7416: 7412: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7357: 7353: 7346: 7340: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7310: 7303: 7298: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7270: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7239: 7232: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7203: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7170: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7021: 7014: 7008: 6989: 6982: 6976: 6960: 6956: 6950: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6922: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6819: 6793: 6786: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6721: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6705: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6667: 6661: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6638: 6636: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6598: 6593: 6587:, p. 95. 6586: 6581: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6549:, p. 92. 6548: 6543: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6511: 6495: 6491: 6490:The Economist 6486: 6479: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6446: 6439: 6423: 6416: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6363: 6359: 6354: 6346: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6260: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6169: 6165: 6158: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6096:, p. 37. 6095: 6090: 6083: 6078: 6071: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6041: 6035:, p. 35. 6034: 6029: 6027: 6019: 6013: 6006: 6002: 5997: 5991:, p. 34. 5990: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5973: 5968: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5917: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5898: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5832: 5825: 5823: 5815: 5808: 5803: 5796: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5748: 5740: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5713: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5618: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5591: 5584: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5549: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5530: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5391: 5386: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5348: 5347:Nickel (2010) 5343: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5310: 5296: 5290: 5281: 5277: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5260:Righteousness 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5195:Animal rights 5193: 5192: 5185: 5183: 5177: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5154: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5118: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5083:right to food 5080: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5048:, argue that 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4984: 4980: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4950: 4946: 4945:Anwar Ibrahim 4940: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4860: 4854: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4836:, Paul Gready 4835: 4829: 4822:Philip Alston 4818: 4811: 4805:Philip Alston 4801: 4797: 4795: 4794:Philip Alston 4791: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4759: 4753: 4748: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4721: 4720:Zhao Tingyang 4717: 4713: 4709: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4664:Frank van Dun 4660: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4647:non-esse Deum 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4612:Thomas Hobbes 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4596:Thomas Hobbes 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4468: 4466: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4151: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3986: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3905: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847:globalization 3844: 3840: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3785:African Union 3780: 3773: 3772:African Union 3768: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3625:monitors the 3624: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591:monitors the 3590: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3516: 3509: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3482: 3477: 3466: 3456: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437:Freedom House 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3395:Bolsa familia 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3370:force-feeding 3367: 3361: 3358: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3193:In 1966, the 3186: 3184: 3183:customary law 3179: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3129: 3125: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3046:"It is not a 3044: 3039: 3021: 3015: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2933:labour unions 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2899:The Liberator 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2854: 2848: 2844: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2740:The medieval 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2715:Enlightenment 2712: 2708: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2689:the Holocaust 2686: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2647: 2643: 2640:This section 2638: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2593:Enlightenment 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2573:the Holocaust 2570: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2411:Social stigma 2409: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2047: 2046: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2020:State atheism 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1956:Jim Crow laws 1954: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1941:One-drop rule 1939: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1856:Blood quantum 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1834: 1833: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1797:Victimisation 1795: 1793: 1792:Trans bashing 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1762:Religious war 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1742:Racialization 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1613:Glass ceiling 1611: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1556:Ethnic hatred 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1491:Counter-jihad 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1437: 1436: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268:United States 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1131:United States 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1044:Protestantism 1042: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 994: 991: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 977: 974: 972: 969: 965: 962: 960: 959:LDS or Mormon 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 921: 915: 910: 909: 899: 896: 894: 891: 887: 884: 882: 881:Transmisogyny 879: 877: 874: 873: 872: 869: 865: 862: 860: 857: 856: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 784:Gerontophobia 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 709:Anti-intersex 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 684:Anti-albinism 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 657: 656: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 536: 535: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 509:Institutional 507: 506: 497: 496: 492: 488: 487: 484: 481: 480: 476: 472: 471: 461: 456: 454: 449: 447: 442: 441: 439: 438: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 313: 312: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 223: 220: 219: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 139: 138: 137: 133: 132: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 113: 112: 111: 108: 105: 104: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78: 74: 73: 69: 65: 64: 61: 58: 57: 51: 47: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 17266:Universalism 17216:Human rights 16933:Gender-blind 16820:Human rights 16819: 16648:Racial quota 16635: 16615:Jewish quota 16595:Gerontocracy 16590:Gender roles 16568:Disabilities 16553:Blood purity 16525:Wife selling 16515:White flight 16495:Slut-shaming 16475:Scapegoating 16393:Murder music 16066:Palestinians 15879:South Africa 15864:Black people 15842:South Africa 15663:Christianity 15653:Baháʼí Faith 15581:Sectarianism 15521:Heterosexism 15486:Ephebiphobia 15456:Antisemitism 15451:Anti-Masonry 15318:Hair texture 15127:Donor intent 15051:CharityWatch 14952:Service club 14927:Crowdfunding 14889:Volunteering 14884:Philanthropy 14557:(elections: 14510:Organisation 14453: 14331:Rome Statute 14255:Protocol III 14150: 14112: 14104: 14050: 13896:Peacekeeping 13871:Interpreters 13791: 13492:Peacekeeping 13410:organization 13311:Full members 13272:Partnerships 13158:Headquarters 12880:peacekeeping 12332:institutions 12292:institutions 12285:human rights 12284: 12194: 12098:Regional law 12097: 12005: 11899: 11732:in Venezuela 11647:in Sri Lanka 11527:in Lithuania 11452:in Indonesia 11432:in Hong Kong 11427:in Guatemala 11297:in Australia 11287:in Argentina 11138:By continent 11066:Distinctions 11047:Positive law 11002: 10992:Human rights 10991: 10940:Western Bloc 10740:AUSCANNZUKUS 10696:Contemporary 10645:Human rights 10644: 10491:Latin Church 10465:Christianity 10415: 10374:Conservatism 10219:contemporary 10056:Architecture 9992:World War II 9952:Emancipation 9947:Abolitionism 9835:Romanization 9830:Roman legacy 9811:Roman Empire 9721:Human rights 9720: 9679:Grandparents 9633:Youth rights 9613:Fetal rights 9375:Rome Statute 9253:Human rights 9251: 9250: 9249:profile for 9246: 9218: 9187: 9183: 9164: 9141: 9127: 9106: 9092: 9073: 9070:Sen, Amartya 9065:(1): 72–100. 9062: 9058: 9053:. MacMillan. 9050: 9039: 9021: 9009:. Retrieved 9005:the original 8989: 8981: 8978: 8964: 8957: 8939: 8932: 8918: 8910: 8898: 8880: 8872: 8865: 8858: 8854: 8836: 8815: 8807: 8796: 8793: 8783:Maan, Bashir 8775: 8763: 8759: 8740: 8723: 8715: 8704: 8676: 8672: 8645: 8631: 8612: 8600: 8582: 8564: 8554: 8536: 8513: 8497: 8494: 8480: 8470: 8452: 8437: 8431: 8427: 8408: 8394: 8376: 8360: 8342: 8323: 8304: 8279: 8275: 8252: 8230:. Retrieved 8221: 8211: 8199:. Retrieved 8190: 8180: 8168:. Retrieved 8141:23 September 8139:. Retrieved 8135:the original 8130: 8121: 8109:. Retrieved 8089: 8077:. Retrieved 8063: 8051:. Retrieved 8037: 8025:. Retrieved 8011: 7999:. Retrieved 7995:the original 7977:(4): 86–96. 7974: 7970: 7960: 7948: 7936: 7924: 7912: 7903: 7897: 7885: 7873: 7861: 7839:Light (2002) 7834: 7826:the original 7815: 7803:. Retrieved 7772: 7765: 7757: 7752: 7740: 7728: 7716: 7704: 7692:. Retrieved 7683: 7673: 7661:. Retrieved 7646: 7639:Kohen (2007) 7634: 7622:. 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In 1993, 4834:Olivia Ball 4784:Karel Vasak 4685:John Finnis 4673:natural law 4516:Natural law 4492:natural law 4406:Development 4346:Association 4241:Transgender 4046:rule of law 3944:Philippines 3876:, based in 3604:convention. 3559:Treaty body 3543:rapporteurs 3399:child labor 3153:Soviet bloc 3117:René Cassin 3052:Magna Carta 3004:World War I 2976:Lieber Code 2974:, the 1864 2806:philosopher 2793:, the 1789 2782:Magna Carta 2742:natural law 2711:natural law 2589:natural law 2554:free speech 2546:enslavement 2521:due process 2517:rule of law 2513:egalitarian 2139:Nonviolence 2134:LGBT rights 2101:Empowerment 2069:Anti-racism 1983:Segregation 1928:No kid zone 1722:Persecution 1635:Hate speech 1586:Gay bashing 1561:Ethnic joke 1516:Dog whistle 1461:Blood libel 1143:Azerbaijani 1039:Neopaganism 1032:Persecution 998:Persecution 981:Persecution 944:Catholicism 871:Transphobia 854:Supremacism 809:Lesbophobia 729:Aporophobia 689:Anti-autism 524:Taste-based 519:Statistical 387:Development 327:Association 222:Transgender 45:Magna Carta 17210:Categories 17109:Stereotype 17104:Speciesism 16985:Oppression 16980:Oikophobia 16876:Allophilia 16860:Toleration 16717:Sodomy law 16610:Internment 16530:Witch-hunt 16408:Blackhawks 16338:Hate group 16326:Hate crime 16299:Gendercide 16289:Freak show 16279:Excellence 16239:Employment 16209:Defamation 16141:Vietnamese 16136:Venezuelan 16026:Lithuanian 15695:Falun Gong 15630:Xenophobia 15625:Vegaphobia 15608:Non-binary 15566:Pedophobia 15531:Homophobia 15348:Skin color 15308:Disability 15281:Attributes 15262:Structural 15159:wealthiest 14915:Foundation 14900:charitable 14859:Compassion 14714:Complaints 14620:Prosecutor 14550:Presidency 14496:War crimes 14335:amendments 14245:Protocol I 14113:Ex Tempore 14105:UN Special 14026:UN Mandate 13485:Activities 13091:UN Tourism 12914:UN-HABITAT 12892:OzonAction 12717:selections 11804:War crimes 11737:in Vietnam 11722:in Ukraine 11612:in Romania 11572:in Nigeria 11557:in Myanmar 11552:in Morocco 11542:in Manipur 11517:in Lebanon 11492:in Kashmir 11467:in Ireland 11422:in Germany 11357:in Burundi 11337:in Bolivia 11332:in Belarus 11317:in Bahrain 11302:in Austria 11292:in Armenia 11277:in Algeria 10900:Rio Treaty 10411:Relativism 10369:Liberalism 10335:Empiricism 10287:Philosophy 10275:Secularism 10226:Philosophy 10163:Literature 9957:Capitalism 9695:Family law 9659:Children's 9439:Starvation 9173:0802848540 9156:0792314530 9136:019825427X 9126:. (1996). 9101:046505224X 9082:0876411510 9011:8 November 9000:9977925186 8948:0719049237 8927:0521794609 8890:9041120025 8825:0312253672 8749:0415326052 8655:0313211493 8592:0691088934 8573:0618701737 8546:0375506926 8489:3900704082 8462:0198761104 8446:0801487765 8386:0802826954 8369:812612119X 8314:0791436934 8266:1887204407 8262:0862103541 7029:28 January 6861:8790744721 6831:"HURIDOCS" 6271:The Lancet 5174:See also: 5163:jus cogens 5129:Derogation 5127:See also: 5040:and other 5018:jus cogens 5014:erga omnes 4998:See also: 4962:John Locke 4735:See also: 4708:biological 4693:manageable 4651:John Locke 4635:omnipotent 4614:founded a 4608:John Locke 4504:John Rawls 4496:David Hume 4396:Linguistic 4371:Fair trial 4253:Minorities 4221:Indigenous 4022:Strasbourg 4010:See also: 3999:Strasbourg 3787:(AU) is a 3739:See also: 3708:war crimes 3423:, such as 3409:See also: 3393:, such as 3350:See also: 3304:See also: 2809:John Locke 2787:common law 2754:St Ambrose 2719:John Locke 2597:John Locke 2556:, and the 2421:Stereotype 2416:Speciesism 2297:Oppression 2292:Oikophobia 2188:Allophilia 2164:Toleration 2015:Sodomy law 1908:Internment 1822:Witch-hunt 1700:Blackhawks 1630:Hate group 1618:Hate crime 1591:Gendercide 1581:Freak show 1571:Excellence 1531:Employment 1501:Defamation 1425:Vietnamese 1420:Venezuelan 1310:Lithuanian 971:Falun Gong 898:Xenophobia 893:Vegaphobia 876:Non-binary 834:Pedophobia 799:Homophobia 608:Skin color 568:Disability 539:Attributes 514:Structural 377:Linguistic 352:Fair trial 234:Minorities 202:Indigenous 17082:Christian 17010:Prejudice 16958:Masculism 16906:Diversity 16700:religious 16675:Redlining 16274:Ethnocide 16234:Education 16126:Ukrainian 16061:Pakistani 16051:Mongolian 15974:Australia 15956:Hungarian 15911:Colombian 15891:Bulgarian 15773:Rastafari 15727:Ahmadiyya 15640:Religious 15618:Trans men 15576:Pregnancy 15511:Gayphobia 15506:Fatphobia 15406:Acephobia 15401:Arophobia 15385:Viewpoint 14898:Types of 14743:Indictees 14738:Detainees 14704:Venezuela 14684:Palestine 14579:Nov. 2009 14574:Jan. 2009 14458:(Germany) 14450:(Ireland) 14238:Protocols 13985:UN reform 13787:Criticism 13685:Elections 13659:Palestine 13546:committee 12954:UN-Oceans 12902:UNEP-WCMC 12786:President 12774:President 12764:Elections 12740:President 12675:UN System 12120:European 11717:in Uganda 11712:in Turkey 11667:in Taiwan 11602:in Poland 11587:in Panama 11547:in Mexico 11532:in Malawi 11507:in Kuwait 11472:in Israel 11407:in France 11367:in Canada 11347:in Brazil 11282:in Angola 10845:Five Eyes 10840:EU–UK TCA 10682:Democracy 10571:Old Norse 10460:Abrahamic 10417:Peritrope 10399:Tolerance 10379:Socialism 10209:Mythology 10197:Classical 10146:Languages 10124:Astrology 9972:Modernism 9786:Old World 9444:War crime 9204:144092745 8766:(4): 4–6. 8693:146136371 8517:. 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674:Acephobia 669:Arophobia 645:Viewpoint 422:Sexuality 347:Education 271:Prisoners 162:Creditors 157:Consumers 50:sovereign 17251:Politics 17176:Politics 17139:Category 17121:The talk 17057:Snobbery 16975:Net bias 16805:Feminism 16732:Ugly law 16573:Catholic 16541:policies 16388:Mortgage 16383:Lynching 16314:examples 16309:Genocide 16229:Economic 16214:Democide 16174:Bullying 16091:Romanian 16056:Nigerian 16006:Japanese 15936:Georgian 15921:Filipino 15854:Assyrian 15827:Armenian 15817:American 15812:Albanian 15794:National 15778:Yazidism 15700:Hinduism 15658:Buddhism 15561:Nepotism 15556:Misogyny 15551:Misandry 15476:Clannism 15471:Biphobia 15411:Adultism 15328:Language 15176:Telethon 15061:GiveWell 14998:Tzedakah 14864:Donation 14849:Altruism 14641:Official 14438:(Canada) 14423:National 14130:Model UN 14115:magazine 14107:magazine 14036:UN Sacco 13524:drafting 13502:timeline 13497:missions 13400:archives 13016:UN Women 13004:UNU-CRIS 12855:UNCITRAL 12692:Preamble 11988:(UNDROP) 11956:(UNDRIP) 11742:in Yemen 11662:in Syria 11652:in Sudan 11632:in Sindh 11562:in Nepal 11522:in Libya 11502:in Kenya 11487:in Japan 11477:in Italy 11447:in India 11442:in Haiti 11437:in Egypt 11417:in Ghana 11412:in Gabon 11392:in Egypt 11382:in China 11372:in Chile 11237:Genocide 11008:Children 10905:Schengen 10835:Eurozone 10675:Property 10670:Religion 10561:Frankish 10551:Germanic 10531:Paganism 10452:Religion 10440:European 10352:Humanism 10255:Religion 10214:Painting 10180:Internet 10131:Folklore 10102:Clothing 10073:Calendar 10049:Cyrillic 10034:Alphabet 9997:Cold War 9688:See also 9674:Parents' 9664:Fathers' 9606:Elements 9412:Genocide 9163:(1997). 9114:Archived 9072:(1997). 8859:Vol. 105 8789:(1999). 8702:(1981). 8644:(1979). 8581:(2001). 8535:(2001). 8416:Archived 8226:Archived 8195:Archived 8164:Archived 8102:Archived 8073:Archived 8047:Archived 8021:Archived 7991:20050228 7805:10 March 7688:Archived 7657:Archived 7618:Archived 7555:Archived 7529:Archived 7467:Archived 7441:Archived 7415:Archived 7389:Archived 7365:21 April 7356:Archived 7354:. 2013. 7329:21 April 7323:Archived 7224:27 March 7215:Archived 7179:Archived 7153:Archived 7127:Archived 7101:Archived 7075:Archived 7071:"Africa" 6841:24 April 6835:Archived 6737:Archived 6715:Archived 6688:Archived 6618:Archived 6526:Archived 6494:Archived 6462:Archived 6422:Archived 6393:Archived 6362:Archived 6337:20049279 6302:52074513 6294:30139528 6240:Archived 6173:21 April 6147:21 April 6115:Archived 6057:Archived 5905:Archived 5782:Archived 5725:Archived 5696:Archived 5670:Archived 5644:Archived 5510:Archived 5474:Archived 5442:Archived 5409:Archived 5374:Archived 5331:Archived 5188:See also 5149:— 5093:— 4986:— 4942:— 4924:Malaysia 4856:— 4831:— 4820:— 4803:— 4796:argues: 4755:— 4712:altruism 4696:— 4526:Socrates 4411:Property 4401:Movement 4341:Assembly 4305:Students 4280:Peasants 4275:Patients 4226:Intersex 4191:Disabled 4171:Children 4050:freedoms 4036:and the 4028:and the 3968:Cambodia 3948:Thailand 3940:Malaysia 3878:San José 3843:Cold War 3833:Americas 3511:— 3496:and the 3415:Activism 3340:removing 3257:Archived 3178:Cold War 3131:— 3092:— 3062:in 1949. 3017:— 2850:— 2733:and the 2653:May 2022 2611:and the 2550:genocide 2433:The talk 2369:Snobbery 2287:Net bias 2111:Feminism 2030:Ugly law 1871:Catholic 1837:Policies 1680:Mortgage 1675:Lynching 1606:examples 1601:Genocide 1521:Economic 1506:Democide 1466:Bullying 1375:Romanian 1340:Nigerian 1290:Japanese 1220:Georgian 1205:Filipino 1138:Assyrian 1111:Armenian 1101:American 1096:Albanian 1076:national 1054:Yazidism 976:Hinduism 934:Buddhism 829:Nepotism 824:Misogyny 819:Misandry 744:Clannism 739:Biphobia 679:Adultism 588:Language 475:a series 473:Part of 392:Property 382:Movement 322:Assembly 286:Students 261:Peasants 256:Patients 207:Intersex 172:Disabled 152:Children 17256:Society 17221:Culture 17162:Portals 17149:Commons 16928:Figleaf 16353:Housing 16121:Turkish 16071:Pashtun 16041:Mexican 16021:Kurdish 16001:Italian 15996:Israeli 15946:Haitian 15931:Finnish 15906:Chinese 15901:Chechen 15896:Catalan 15886:Bengali 15807:African 15792:Ethnic/ 15751:Judaism 15742:Sunnism 15732:Shi'ism 15648:Atheism 15481:Elitism 15375:Species 15313:Genetic 15303:Dialect 15003:Sadaqah 14920:Private 14869:Empathy 14699:Ukraine 14664:Georgia 14333: ( 14079:Outline 13764:Related 13644:Lebanon 13415:members 13405:charter 13355:History 13301:Members 13200:Nairobi 12835:MINURSO 12769:Members 12752:Statute 12684:Charter 11950:(DEVAW) 11944:(DEDAW) 11813:Related 11799:Victims 11794:Torture 11789:Slavery 11597:in Peru 11462:in Iraq 11457:in Iran 11387:in Cuba 11183:Oceania 11097:Aspects 10750:Benelux 10655:Thought 10605:Atheism 10546:Finnish 10522:Culture 10517:Judaism 10479:Eastern 10475:Western 10470:Culture 10404:Paradox 10270:Decline 10231:Science 10107:History 10095:Studies 10078:Cuisine 10066:Periods 10026:Culture 9855:History 9821:Eastern 9816:Western 9767:culture 9714:Related 9322:Sources 9266:by the 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16106:Somali 16101:Slavic 16086:Romani 16081:Quebec 16076:Polish 16016:Korean 16011:Jewish 15979:Canada 15966:Indian 15951:Hazara 15926:Fulani 15837:France 15802:Afghan 15737:Sufism 15466:Audism 15394:Social 15323:Height 15036:Candid 14694:Uganda 14555:Judges 14479:Crimes 13963:UN Day 13901:Canada 13777:CCISUA 13639:Israel 13624:Cyprus 13477:(1945) 13471:(1945) 13465:(1944) 13459:(1943) 13453:(1943) 13447:(1942) 13441:(1941) 13435:(1941) 13205:Vienna 13190:Geneva 13081:UNESCO 12999:UNU-OP 12974:UNRISD 12969:UNOSAT 12949:UNITAR 12944:UNIDIR 12939:UNICRI 12934:UNICEF 12850:UNCTAD 12840:UNAIDS 12532:Major 12426:bodies 11977:(VDPA) 11923:(UDHR) 11774:Murder 11166:Europe 11149:Africa 11003:Humans 10770:CANZUK 10660:Speech 10588:Slavic 10566:Gothic 10541:Celtic 10536:Baltic 10435:Values 10236:Values 9796:Greece 9599:rights 9596:Family 9429:Piracy 9245:has a 9202: 9171: 9154: 9134: 9111:online 9099: 9080: 9044:online 9028: 8997: 8971: 8946: 8925: 8887: 8843: 8822: 8797:Vol. 3 8747: 8730: 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