Human rights - Knowledge

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were reluctant to include economic and social rights (such as the right to work and the right to join a union). Socialist states placed much greater importance on economic and social rights and argued strongly for their inclusion. Because of the divisions over which rights to include and because some states declined to ratify any treaties including certain specific interpretations of human rights, and despite the Soviet bloc and a number of developing countries arguing strongly for the inclusion of all rights in a Unity Resolution, the rights enshrined in the UDHR were split into two separate covenants, allowing states to adopt some rights and derogate others. Although this allowed the covenants to be created, it denied the proposed principle that all rights are linked, which was central to some interpretations of the UDHR. Although the UDHR is a non-binding resolution, it is now considered to be a central component of international

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treaty parties, but directly responsible to the Economic and Social Council and ultimately to the General Assembly. This means that the Economic Committee faces particular difficulties at its disposal only relatively "weak" means of implementation in comparison to other treaty bodies. Particular difficulties noted by commentators include: perceived vagueness of the principles of the treaty, relative lack of legal texts and decisions, ambivalence of many states in addressing economic, social and cultural rights, comparatively few non-governmental organisations focused on the area and problems with obtaining relevant and precise information.

4789:: first-generation civil and political rights (right to life and political participation), second-generation economic, social and cultural rights (right to subsistence) and third-generation solidarity rights (right to peace, right to clean environment). Out of these generations, the third generation is the most debated and lacks both legal and political recognition. This categorisation is at odds with the indivisibility of rights, as it implicitly states that some rights can exist without others. Prioritisation of rights for pragmatic reasons is however a widely accepted necessity. Human rights expert 14468: 3660:

Nations headquarters in New York but now frequently meets at the United Nations Office in Geneva; the other treaty bodies meet in Geneva. The Human Rights Committee usually holds its March session in New York City. The human rights enshrined in the UDHR, the Geneva Conventions and the various enforced treaties of the United Nations are enforceable in law. In practice, many rights are very difficult to legally enforce due to the absence of consensus on the application of certain rights, the lack of relevant national legislation or of bodies empowered to take legal action to enforce them.

2662: 3003:. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global welfare. Enshrined in its Charter was a mandate to promote many of the rights which were later included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The League of Nations had mandates to support many of the former colonies of the Western European colonial powers during their transition from colony to independent state. Established as an agency of the League of Nations, and now part of United Nations, the 4965:, have all been Western and indeed that some were involved in the running of Empires themselves. Relativistic arguments tend to neglect the fact that modern human rights are new to all cultures, dating back no further than the UDHR in 1948. They also do not account for the fact that the UDHR was drafted by people from many different cultures and traditions, including a US Roman Catholic, a Chinese Confucian philosopher, a French Zionist and a representative from the Arab League, amongst others, and drew upon advice from thinkers such as Mahatma Gandhi. 3669: 6072: 14151: 3991: 3764: 2631: 3040: 17189: 17177: 3198:(ICESCR) were adopted by the United Nations, between them making the rights contained in the UDHR binding on all states. They came into force only in 1976, when they were ratified by a sufficient number of countries (despite achieving the ICCPR, a covenant including no economic or social rights, the US only ratified the ICCPR in 1992). The ICESCR commits 155 state parties to work toward the granting of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) to individuals. 17165: 17129: 5114: 5181:, and/or Enlightenment heritage (typically labeled Western) and cannot be enjoyed by other cultures that don't emulate the conditions and values of 'Western' societies." Right-wing critics of human rights argue that they are "unrealistic and unenforceable norms and inappropriate intrusions on state sovereignty", while left-wing critics of human rights argue that they fail "to achieve – or prevents better approaches to achieving – progressive goals". 3565:

under a resolution of the Economic and Social Council to carry out the monitoring functions originally assigned to that body under the Covenant, they are technically autonomous bodies, established by the treaties that they monitor and accountable to the state parties of those treaties – rather than subsidiary to the United Nations, though in practice they are closely intertwined with the United Nations system and are supported by the

4084: 68: 491: 9234: 17139: 4890: 4060:. The European Convention on Human Rights defines and guarantees since 1950 human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. All 47 member states of the Council of Europe have signed this convention and are therefore under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. In order to prevent torture and inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 3 of the convention), the 2769:. This natural law thinking was supported by contact with American civilizations and the debate that took place in Castile about the just titles of the conquest and, in particular, the nature of the indigenous people. In the Castilian colonization of America, it is often stated, measures were applied in which the germs of the idea of Human Rights are present, debated in the well-known 3818:(under a protocol to the Charter which was adopted in 1998 and entered into force in January 2004), the commission will have the additional task of preparing cases for submission to the Court's jurisdiction. In a July 2004 decision, the AU Assembly resolved that the future Court on Human and Peoples' Rights would be integrated with the African Court of Justice. The 3793:(ACHPR) is a quasi-judicial organ of the African Union tasked with promoting and protecting human rights and collective (peoples') rights throughout the African continent as well as interpreting the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and considering individual complaints of violations of the Charter. The commission has three broad areas of responsibility: 3478: 3071:. The UDHR urges member states to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asserting these rights are part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world". The declaration was the first international legal effort to limit the behavior of states and make sure they did their duties to their citizens following the model of the 3823:

court of the African Union, interpreting all necessary laws and treaties. The Protocol establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights entered into force in January 2004, but its merging with the Court of Justice has delayed its establishment. The Protocol establishing the Court of Justice will come into force when ratified by 15 countries.

13248: 3877:, Costa Rica, it is one of the bodies that comprise the inter-American system for the promotion and protection of human rights. The IACHR is a permanent body which meets in regular and special sessions several times a year to examine allegations of human rights violations in the hemisphere. Its human rights duties stem from three documents: 5070:, not to those affected by their actions. Such companies are often larger than the economies of the states in which they operate, and can wield significant economic and political power. No international treaties exist to specifically cover the behavior of companies with regard to human rights, and national legislation is very variable. 4624:, whereas previously it could be said that natural rights were discovered by considering the natural law. In Hobbes' opinion, the only way natural law could prevail was for men to submit to the commands of the sovereign. In this lay the foundations of the theory of a social contract between the governed and the governor. 2765:

objective order, they stated that there are certain natural rights, mentioning both rights related to the body (right to life, to property) and to the spirit (right to freedom of thought, dignity). The jurist Vázquez de Menchaca, starting from an individualist philosophy, was decisive in the dissemination of the term

3581:. The members of the committee express opinions on member countries and make judgments on individual complaints against countries which have ratified an Optional Protocol to the treaty. The judgments, termed "views", are not legally binding. The member of the committee meets around three times a year to hold sessions 3121:. The final three articles place, according to Cassin, rights in the context of limits, duties and the social and political order in which they are to be realized. Humphrey and Cassin intended the rights in the UDHR to be legally enforceable through some means, as is reflected in the third clause of the preamble: 5008:

is a controversial principle in international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting country. The state

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are often levied upon individuals or states who commit human rights violations. Sanctions are often criticized for its feature of collective punishment in hurting a country's population economically in order dampen that population's view of its government. It is also argued that, counterproductively,

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soon after the UDHR was conceived brought to the fore divisions over the inclusion of both economic and social rights and civil and political rights in the declaration. Capitalist states tended to place strong emphasis on civil and political rights (such as freedom of association and expression), and

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All major governments at the time of drafting the U.N. charter and the Universal declaration did their best to ensure, by all means known to domestic and international law, that these principles had only international application and carried no legal obligation on those governments to be implemented

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With the exception of non-derogable human rights (international conventions class the right to life, the right to be free from slavery, the right to be free from torture and the right to be free from retroactive application of penal laws as non-derogable), the UN recognises that human rights can be

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the growing power of transnational corporations and their extension of power through privatization, deregulation and the rolling back of the State also mean that it is now time to develop binding legal norms that hold corporations to human rights standards and circumscribe potential abuses of their

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has argued that cultural relativism is almost exclusively an argument used by those who wield power in cultures which commit human rights abuses, and that those whose human rights are compromised are the powerless. This reflects the fact that the difficulty in judging universalism versus relativism

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are enshrined in articles 22 to 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the ICESCR. The UDHR included both economic, social and cultural rights and civil and political rights because it was based on the principle that the different rights could only successfully exist in combination:

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The most common categorization of human rights is to split them into civil and political rights, and economic, social and cultural rights. Civil and political rights are enshrined in articles 3 to 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the ICCPR. Economic, social and cultural rights

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on what all men could agree upon: what they sought (happiness) was subject to contention, but a broad consensus could form around what they feared (violent death at the hands of another). The natural law was how a rational human being, seeking to survive and prosper, would act. It was discovered by

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In pursuit of these goals, the commission is mandated to "collect documents, undertake studies and researches on African problems in the field of human and peoples, rights, organise seminars, symposia and conferences, disseminate information, encourage national and local institutions concerned with

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The risk of human rights violations increases with the increase in financially vulnerable populations. Girls from poor families in non-industrialized economies are often viewed as a financial burden on the family and marriage of young girls is often driven in the hope that daughters will be fed and

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and economic, social, and cultural rights was predicated on the assumption that basic human rights are indivisible and that the different types of rights listed are inextricably linked. Although this principle was not opposed by any member states at the time of adoption (the declaration was adopted

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Spanish scholasticism insisted on a subjective vision of law during the 16th and 17th centuries: Luis de Molina, Domingo de Soto and Francisco Vitoria, members of the School of Salamanca, defined law as a moral power over one's own.50 Although they maintained at the same time, the idea of law as an

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The principal aim of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was to create a framework for a universal code based on mutual consent. The early years of the United Nations were overshadowed by the division between the Western and Communist conceptions of human rights, although neither

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play an increasingly large role in the world, and are responsible for a large number of human rights abuses. Although the legal and moral environment surrounding the actions of governments is reasonably well developed, that surrounding multinational companies is both controversial and ill-defined.

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free at the point of use. That is not to say that Western cultures have overlooked these rights entirely (the welfare states that exist in Western Europe are evidence of this). Similarly, the ex Soviet bloc countries and Asian countries have tended to give priority to economic, social and cultural

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is intended to be the "principal judicial organ of the Union" (Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union, Article 2.2). Although it has not yet been established, it is intended to take over the duties of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, as well as act as the supreme

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when such occur within its jurisdiction, with a mandate to bring to justice perpetrators of such crimes that occurred after its creation in 2002. A number of UN members have not joined the court and the ICC does not have jurisdiction over their citizens, and others have signed but not yet ratified

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Each treaty body receives secretariat support from the Human Rights Council and Treaties Division of Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva except CEDAW, which is supported by the Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW). CEDAW formerly held all its sessions at United

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bodies, comprising committees of independent experts who monitor compliance with human rights standards and norms flowing from the core international human rights treaties. They are supported by and are created by the treaty that they monitor, With the exception of the CESCR, which was established

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The Inter-American Court of Human Rights was established in 1979 with the purpose of enforcing and interpreting the provisions of the American Convention on Human Rights. Its two main functions are thus adjudicatory and advisory. Under the former, it hears and rules on the specific cases of human

2504:"to which a person is inherently entitled simply because he or she is a human being" and which are "inherent in all human beings", regardless of age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at all times in the sense of being 6434:

For women and girls living in areas where FGM/C is prevalent, they are often dependent upon marriage for financial stability. As a result, FGM/C is seen as a way to guarantee a woman's status, making her able to have children in a socially acceptable way and providing her with economic security,

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were significantly different from western values and included a sense of loyalty and foregoing personal freedoms for the sake of social stability and prosperity, and therefore authoritarian government is more appropriate in Asia than democracy. This view is countered by Mahathir's former deputy:

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Universalism has been described by some as cultural, economic or political imperialism. In particular, the concept of human rights is often claimed to be fundamentally rooted in a politically liberal outlook which, although generally accepted in Europe, Japan or North America, is not necessarily

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and makes general comments on ratifying countries performance. It will have the power to receive complaints against the countries that opted into the Optional Protocol once it has come into force. Unlike the other treaty bodies, the economic committee is not an autonomous body responsible to the

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Beijing's export of antidemocratic tactics, financial coercion, and physical intimidation have led to an erosion of democratic institutions and human rights protections in numerous countries...Political rights and civil liberties in the country have deteriorated since Narendra Modi became prime

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The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown ... providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or

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were defined at the first International Workshop on National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Paris on 7–9 October 1991, and adopted by United Nations Human Rights Commission Resolution 1992/54 of 1992 and the General Assembly Resolution 48/134 of 1993. The Paris

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were responsible for much of the cross-national research and the structure of the document respectively, where the articles of the declaration were interpretative of the general principle of the preamble. The document was structured by Cassin to include the basic principles of dignity, liberty,

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines, by definition, rights that apply to all humans equally, whichever geographical location, state, race or culture they belong to. Proponents of cultural relativism suggest that human rights are not all universal, and indeed conflict with some

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lies in who is claiming to represent a particular culture. Although the argument between universalism and relativism is far from complete, it is an academic discussion in that all international human rights instruments adhere to the principle that human rights are universally applicable. The

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Although accepted by the signatories to the UDHR, most of them do not in practice give equal weight to the different types of rights. Western cultures have often given priority to civil and political rights, sometimes at the expense of economic and social rights such as the right to work, to

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is one among those who are elaborating a secular conception of natural law in the liberal tradition. There are also emerging and secular forms of natural law theory that define human rights as derivative of the notion of universal human dignity. The term "human rights" has replaced the term

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in 1947. The members of the Commission did not immediately agree on the form of such a bill of rights, and whether, or how, it should be enforced. The Commission proceeded to frame the UDHR and accompanying treaties, but the UDHR quickly became the priority. Canadian law professor

2557:, there is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights. Some thinkers suggest that human rights should serve as a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard. 4902:

occurs in different cultures in Africa, Asia and South America. It is not mandated by any religion, but has become a tradition in many cultures. It is considered a violation of women's and girl's rights by much of the international community, and is outlawed in some countries.

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achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or

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This is held to be true because without civil and political rights the public cannot assert their economic, social and cultural rights. Similarly, without livelihoods and a working society, the public cannot assert or make use of civil or political rights (known as the

4017:, founded in 1949, is the oldest organisation working for European integration. It is an international organisation with legal personality recognised under public international law and has observer status with the United Nations. The seat of the Council of Europe is in 12165: 14525: 3724:) exist to take action where the national legal system of a state is unable to try the case itself. If national law is able to safeguard human rights and punish those who breach human rights legislation, it has primary jurisdiction by complementarity. Only when all 3788:

consisting of fifty-five African states. Established in 2001, the AU's purpose is to help secure Africa's democracy, human rights, and a sustainable economy, especially by bringing an end to intra-African conflict and creating an effective common market. The

2757:. Augustine was among the earliest to examine the legitimacy of the laws of man, and attempt to define the boundaries of what laws and rights occur naturally based on wisdom and conscience, instead of being arbitrarily imposed by mortals, and if people are 7352: 6435:

typically provided by the husband. Parents who choose to have their daughters cut consider their decision to be necessary, if not beneficial, for their daughter's future marriage prospects, in light of the financial and social constraints they may face.

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argues that human rights are justifiable on the grounds of their instrumental value in creating the necessary conditions for human well-being. Interest theories highlight the duty to respect the rights of other individuals on grounds of self-interest:

3655:. All States parties are obliged to submit reports to the committee on how the rights are being implemented. The Committee examines each report and addresses its concerns and recommendations to the State party in the form of "concluding observations". 4748:

The ideal of free human beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as well as his social, economic and cultural

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domestically. All tacitly realized that for their own discriminated-against minorities to acquire leverage on the basis of legally being able to claim enforcement of these wide-reaching rights would create pressures that would be political dynamite.

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backs its claim on the grounds that the crime committed is considered a crime against all, which any state is authorized to punish. The concept of universal jurisdiction is therefore closely linked to the idea that certain international norms are

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argues that the traditional human rights framework fails to be universal, because it arose from contingent aspects of Western culture, and that the concept of inalienable and unconditional human rights is in tension with the principle of

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of daughters is argued to be similarly driven in large part to increase their marriage prospects and thus their financial security by achieving certain idealized standards of beauty. In certain areas, girls requiring the experience of

8985: 3750:(NHRIs) have been set up to protect, promote or monitor human rights with jurisdiction in a given country. Although not all NHRIs are compliant with the Paris Principles, the number and effect of these institutions is increasing. The 3444:. These organisations collect evidence and documentation of human rights abuses and apply pressure to promote human rights. Educating people on the concept of human rights has been argued as a strategy to prevent human rights abuses. 3600:

and conducts regular reviews of countries' performance. It can make judgments on complaints against member states allowing it, but these are not legally binding. It issues warnings to attempt to prevent serious contraventions of the

13857: 6977: 4491:, stemming from different philosophical or religious grounds. Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with 3357:

sanctions on offending authoritarian governments strengthen that government's position domestically as governments would still have more mechanisms to find funding than their critics and opposition, who become further weakened.

13608: 14764: 12060: 4656:. Locke turned Hobbes' prescription around, saying that if the ruler went against natural law and failed to protect "life, liberty, and property," people could justifiably overthrow the existing state and create a new one. 3652: 13603: 3138:

Some of the UDHR was researched and written by a committee of international experts on human rights, including representatives from all continents and all major religions, and drawing on consultation with leaders such as

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Human rights law, applied to a State's own citizens serves the interest of states, by, for example, minimizing the risk of violent resistance and protest and by keeping the level of dissatisfaction with the government

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equality and brotherhood in the first two articles, followed successively by rights pertaining to individuals; rights of individuals in relation to each other and to groups; spiritual, public and political rights; and

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taken as standard elsewhere. For example, in 1981, the Iranian representative to the United Nations, Said Rajaie-Khorassani, articulated the position of his country regarding the UDHR by saying that the UDHR was "a

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The UN Human Rights Council, created in 2005, has a mandate to investigate alleged human rights violations. 47 of the 193 UN member states sit on the council, elected by simple majority in a secret ballot of the

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Several theoretical approaches have been advanced to explain how and why human rights become part of social expectations. One of the oldest Western philosophies on human rights is that they are a product of a

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member states to intervene to protect populations from atrocities. It has been cited as justification in the use of recent military interventions. An example of an intervention that is often criticized is the

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We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

3838:(OAS) is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas. Over the course of the 1990s, with the end of the 14337: 8098: 3645: 12015: 11912: 4849:

All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and related. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same

6389: 4029:. These institutions bind the council's members to a code of human rights which, though strict, are more lenient than those of the United Nations charter on human rights. The council also promotes the 6418: 13650: 12025: 4634:

being cannot change or abrogate" natural law, which "would maintain its objective validity even if we should assume the impossible, that there is no God or that he does not care for human affairs." (

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the emergency must be actual, affect the whole population and the threat must be to the very existence of the nation. The declaration of emergency must also be a last resort and a temporary measure.

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minister in 2014, with increased pressure on human rights organizations, rising intimidation of academics and journalists, and a spate of bigoted attacks, including lynchings, aimed at Muslims.

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There are no Asia-wide organisations or conventions to promote or protect human rights. Countries vary widely in their approach to human rights and their record of human rights protection. The

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Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law.

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Priorities, where necessary, should adhere to core concepts (such as reasonable attempts at progressive realization) and principles (such as non-discrimination, equality and participation.

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Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights. However, the concept has in some sense existed for centuries, although not in the same way as today.

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each made a range of oppressive governmental actions, illegal. Two major revolutions occurred during the 18th century, in the United States (1776) and in France (1789), leading to the

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and receives states' reports on their performance every four years and comments on them. Its subcommittee may visit and inspect countries which have opted into the Optional Protocol.

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on girls are designed to make them more appealing as marriage prospects. Measures to help the economic status of vulnerable groups in order to reduce human rights violations include

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side called into question the concept of universality. The debate centered on which "rights" – political, economic, and social – were to be included among the Universal Instruments

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the primary goal of the ILO today is to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity.

2734:. From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes. 13327: 12915: 12350: 11167: 3608:. It receives states' reports on their performance and comments on them, and can make judgments on complaints against countries which have opted into the 1999 Optional Protocol. 3566: 2928:

Many groups and movements have managed to achieve profound social changes over the course of the 20th century in the name of human rights. In Western Europe and North America,

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is paramount, because breaches of rights committed in other countries are outside states' sovereign interest and because states could use the principle for political reasons.

3589: 3195: 7211: 7009: 2612:. From this foundation, modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century, possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide, and war crimes. 14685: 5477:. Retrieved 14 August 2014, "the rights that everyone should have in a society, including the right to express opinions about the government or to have protection from harm" 5438: 3633:

and makes comments on reports submitted by states every five years. It will have the power to receive complaints of specific violations only once ten member states allow it.

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that took place in 1550 and 1551. The thought of the School of Salamanca, especially through Francisco Vitoria, also contributed to the promotion of European natural law.

4842:". The term inalienable rights (or unalienable rights) refers to "a set of human rights that are fundamental, are not awarded by human power, and cannot be surrendered". 2925:, wrote "By the protection of the law, human rights are secured; withdraw that protection and they are at the mercy of wicked rulers or the clamor of an excited people." 14739: 13805: 12831: 12782: 5061:. Non-State actors can also commit human rights abuses, but are not subject to human rights law other than International Humanitarian Law, which applies to individuals. 3901:

rights violations referred to it. Under the latter, it issues opinions on matters of legal interpretation brought to its attention by other OAS bodies or member states.

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The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the IACHR) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States, also based in Washington, D.C. Along with the

2516:, and imposing an obligation on individuals to respect the human rights of others; it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of 12800: 4936:

To say that freedom is Western or unAsian is to offend our traditions as well as our forefathers, who gave their lives in the struggle against tyranny and injustices.

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also states that it is racist to assert that Asians do not want human rights. An appeal is often made to the fact that influential human rights thinkers, such as

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Natural law theories base human rights on a "natural" moral, religious or even biological order which is independent of transitory human laws or traditions.

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in 1948. Ancient peoples did not share the modern-day conception of universal human rights. The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of

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In accordance with the Paris Principles and the ICC Sub-Committee Rules of Procedure, the following classifications for accreditation are used by the ICC:

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Many examples of legal instruments at the international, regional and national level described below are designed to enforce laws securing human rights.

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Scott, C. (1989). "The Interdependence and Permeability of Human Rights Norms: Towards a Partial Fusion of the International Covenants on Human Rights".

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as they believe certain crimes pose a threat to the international community as a whole and the community has a moral duty to act, but others, including

14779: 14675: 13944: 13625: 13503: 13082: 13028: 12945: 12861: 12846: 12381: 10756: 6490: 3968: 3790: 3689: 4556:). Of these, Aristotle is often said to be the father of natural law, although evidence for this is due largely to the interpretations of his work by 17013: 16396: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14080: 13223: 12940: 12257: 11841: 11703: 11258: 3585: 2328: 1691: 8131: 5778: 5470: 4056:, but the latter is expected to accede to the European Convention and potentially the Council itself. The EU has its own human rights document; the 15833: 13498: 13278: 12770: 12736: 12657: 12489: 12234: 11688: 11588: 9469: 6449: 6349: 4061: 3713: 3268: 2460: 1120: 7991: 5640: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14375: 14054: 13698: 13693: 13549: 13047: 12105: 11950: 11860: 11683: 7311: 6896: 6852:"National Human Rights Institutions – Implementing Human Rights", Executive Director Morten Kjærum, The Danish Institute for Human Rights, 2003. 3804: 3693: 3288:

ruled, for the first time in history, that the Swiss government had violated human rights by not acting strongly enough to stop climate change.

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cultures and threaten their survival. Rights which are most often contested with relativistic arguments are the rights of women. For example,

13986: 13750: 13263: 13258: 13233: 13097: 12920: 12871: 12748: 12724: 12454: 12386: 12209: 10921: 6053: 3815: 13386: 6952:"Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples's Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights" 5405: 4797:

If every possible human rights element is deemed to be essential or necessary, then nothing will be treated as though it is truly important.

16401: 15138: 14187: 14015: 13949: 13493: 12980: 12219: 11633: 11623: 11618: 11348: 10266: 9696: 3437: 1696: 6756:"National Human Right Institutions Forum – An international forum for researchers and practitioners in the field of national human rights" 6000:, "First Principles of Racial Equality: History and the Politics and Diplomacy of Human Rights Provisions in the United Nations Charter", 5370: 16371: 15975: 15517: 14637: 14467: 14426: 13307: 12214: 12035: 11653: 11638: 11573: 11563: 11393: 11268: 8555: 7614: 7437: 7123: 6614: 6111: 1666: 1262: 788: 8017: 6560: 6160: 15664: 15052: 14551: 14432: 14290: 14042: 13976: 13688: 13615: 13598: 12960: 12910: 12836: 12777: 12713: 12519: 12479: 11971: 11923: 11723: 11508: 11493: 11323: 11308: 9479: 6781: 943: 7240: 6870: 5506: 5323:

James Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,

3534:. Members serve a maximum of six years and may have their membership suspended for gross human rights abuses. The council is based in 3007:

also had a mandate to promote and safeguard certain of the rights later included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):

15155: 14264: 13334: 13042: 12821: 12760: 12543: 12504: 12406: 12020: 11966: 11728: 11643: 11523: 11448: 11428: 11423: 11293: 10836: 9366: 5816: 3751: 3612: 3240: 2825: 7016: 6813:

B: Observer Status – Not fully in compliance with the Paris Principles or insufficient information provided to make a determination;

4915:

tradition", which could not be implemented by Muslims without trespassing the Islamic law. The former Prime Ministers of Singapore,

15599: 15487: 15230: 14048: 13882: 13169: 13107: 13067: 12955: 12619: 12581: 11743: 11668: 11578: 11533: 11478: 11398: 11358: 11338: 10110: 9294: 9040: 7198: 5721: 4495:). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of 2968: 870: 758: 8471: 8160: 4291: 275: 17234: 12856: 12709: 12639: 12401: 11795: 11765: 11733: 11718: 11608: 11568: 11553: 11548: 11513: 11463: 11418: 11353: 11333: 11328: 11313: 11298: 11288: 11283: 11273: 9750: 9583: 8214: 7041: 6733: 5935: 5177:

Critics of the view that human rights are universal argue that human rights are a Western concept that "emanate from a European,

3811:

human and peoples' rights and, should the case arise, give its views or make recommendations to governments" (Charter, Art. 45).

3371: 6925: 3067:(UDHR) is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the events of 17114: 15838: 15609: 15437: 15422: 15417: 15263: 13488: 13411: 13268: 13243: 12688: 11933: 11883: 11713: 11708: 11663: 11613: 11598: 11583: 11543: 11528: 11503: 11468: 11403: 11363: 11343: 11278: 11218: 10979: 10198: 5749:

Hazeltine, H. D. (1917). "The Influence of Magna Carta on American Constitutional Development". In Malden, Henry Elliot (ed.).

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Human rights abuses are monitored by United Nations committees, national institutions and governments and by many independent

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discussed natural rights in his work, identifying them as being "life, liberty, and estate (property)", and argued that such

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In August 2003, the Human Rights Commission's Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights produced draft

3931:(ASEAN) is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed in 1967 by 16177: 15492: 15314: 14943: 14928: 13919: 13542: 13312: 12898: 12883: 12866: 12509: 12411: 12335: 11603: 11593: 11458: 11453: 11383: 7822: 7097: 4136: 3870: 3619: 3118: 2932:

brought about laws granting workers the right to strike, establishing minimum work conditions and forbidding or regulating

2453: 1472: 763: 577: 120: 9147:. (1992) Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 8984:

Sepulveda, Magdalena; van Banning, Theo; Gudmundsdottir, Gudrun D.; Chamoun, Christine; van Genugten, Willem J.M. (2004).

4755:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights

16823: 16493: 16406: 16297: 15965: 15785: 15427: 15412: 14784: 14010: 14005: 13429: 13297: 13159: 13062: 12985: 12925: 12360: 12152: 12120: 11303: 9287: 5226: 5216: 4447: 4232: 4022: 3882: 3846:, the OAS made major efforts to reinvent itself to fit the new context. Its stated priorities now include the following: 3524: 3494: 3320: 3281: 2918: 2130: 1788: 1701: 1592: 1252: 1070: 698: 683: 431: 216: 8066:"Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights" 3394:

which subsidize parents who keep children in school rather than contributing to family income, has successfully reduced

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Norms on the responsibilities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises with regard to human rights

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and makes comments on reports submitted by states every five years. It does not have the power to receive complaints.

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Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Saba, Arif (2020). "UN paralysis over Syria: the responsibility to protect or regime change?".

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Accredited by the International Cooordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion of Human Rights

5735: 4724:. He proposes an alternative framework called "credit human rights", in which rights are tied to responsibilities. 4473: 4008: 2956:. Movements by long-oppressed racial and religious minorities succeeded in many parts of the world, among them the 2665: 2085: 1914: 1808: 1257: 1147: 457: 7411: 5662: 16366: 15877: 15639: 15442: 13783: 13201: 13186: 12755: 12731: 12449: 12365: 11150: 11079: 11069: 10871: 10806: 9851: 8752: 8409: 7551: 7175: 5102: 4108: 4098: 3922: 3835: 3531: 3490: 3284:

officially recognized "having a clean, healthy and sustainable environment" as a human right. In April 2024, the

2719: 2693: 2597: 2577: 2446: 1661: 1164: 918: 713: 92: 82: 9219: 8868:

Möller, Hans-Georg. "How to distinguish friends from enemies: Human rights rhetoric and western mass media". in

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This does not include the Vatican, which although recognised as an independent state, is not a member of the UN.

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Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)

12016:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

12003: 11538: 11488: 10062: 9540: 9484: 9169: 9152: 9132: 9097: 9078: 8995: 8944: 8923: 8885: 8820: 8745: 8650: 8587: 8569: 8541: 8485: 8457: 8442: 8381: 8365: 8309: 8262: 8258: 8183: 7770:

Confucianism and Reflexive Modernity: Bringing Community back to Human Rights in the Age of Global Risk Society

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There are many countries in Africa accused of human rights violations by the international community and NGOs.

3685: 3538:, and meets three times a year; with additional meetings to respond to urgent situations. Independent experts ( 3417: 3285: 2980: 2833: 2758: 773: 15644: 8390:

Cope, K., Crabtree, C., & Fariss, C. (2020). "Patterns of disagreement in indicators of state repression"

8092:"Report on the Economic and Social Council on the Sixtieth Session of the Commission (E/CN.4/2004/L.11/Add.7)" 8039: 7149: 5434:

Gary J. Bass (book reviewer), Samuel Moyn (author of book being reviewed), 20 October 2010, The New Republic,

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The United Nations (UN) is the only multilateral governmental agency with universally accepted international

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International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families

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A(R): Accreditation with reserve – granted where insufficient documentation is submitted to confer A status;

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ed. by Marguerite Ross Barnett and James A. Hefner (Port Washington, N.Y.: Alfred Publishing, 1976), p, 179.

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concept of natural law into Christianity. Natural law theories have featured greatly in the philosophies of

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In addition to the political bodies whose mandate flows from the UN charter, the UN has set up a number of

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The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present

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Han, Sang-Jin (2020). "A Universal but Non-Hegemonic Approach to Human Rights in International Politics".

2776:

From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century.

39: 16956: 16808: 16227: 15828: 15774: 14173: 13057: 12876: 12146:

Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)

11826: 11074: 10232: 9743: 9670: 9660: 9576: 9545: 9326: 5467: 5236: 4652: 4259: 4254: 4103: 3253: 2271: 2117: 1522: 1115: 1053: 243: 238: 87: 13216: 7071: 6482:"How to stop children working – Focus on reducing poverty and helping parents instead of punishing them" 6013:

Henry J. Richardson III, "Black People, Technocracy, and Legal Process: Thoughts, Fears, and Goals", in

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The adherence to the principle of indivisibility by the international community was reaffirmed in 1995:

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Human Rights in the World: An Introduction to the Study of the International Protection of Human Rights

6831: 6677:"Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice" 5620: 5206: 5133: 5075: 4893:

Map: Estimated prevalence of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in Africa. Data based on uncertain estimates.

4187: 4131: 3441: 3164:, the declarations did not apply to domestic discrimination or racism. Henry J. Richardson III argued: 3144: 2791: 2534: 2380: 1137: 808: 523: 171: 115: 9249: 7171: 6900: 6684: 4707:

theory considers the comparative reproductive advantage of human social behavior based on empathy and

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movements in many countries succeeded in driving out colonial powers. One of the most influential was

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where the goal of preventing atrocities is alleged to have taken upon itself the broader mandate of

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on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)

10851: 10579: 10341: 10301: 10291: 10239: 9102:

Sobel, Meghan, and Karen McIntyre. "Journalists' Perceptions of Human Rights Reporting in Rwanda".

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Rights that cannot be derogated for reasons of national security in any circumstances are known as

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Thomism and Aristotelianism; A Study of the Commentary by Thomas Aquinas on the Nicomachean Ethics

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aims to substantially reduce inequality by 2030 through the promotion of appropriate legislation.

17219: 17132: 16961: 16941: 16803: 16793: 16751: 16381: 16222: 16084: 16054: 16049: 15992: 15927: 15912: 15845: 15818: 15803: 15216: 14896: 14487: 14220: 14210: 13822: 12605: 12307: 12140: 11928: 11816: 11213: 10629: 10537: 9836: 9831: 9393: 8627:

Istrefi, Remzije. "International Security Presence in Kosovo and its Human Rights Implications."

5402: 5163:. Such International law obligations are binding on all states and cannot be modified by treaty. 4814:

the call for prioritizing is not to suggest that any obvious violations of rights can be ignored.

4034: 3741: 3708: 3182:

which may be invoked under appropriate circumstances by state judiciaries and other judiciaries.

2821: 2723: 2621: 2601: 2276: 2256: 2112: 2102: 2060: 1676: 1517: 1371: 1341: 1336: 1279: 1214: 1199: 1132: 1105: 1090: 474: 16029: 8847: 5854:"Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color" 3874: 3696:. The ICJ settles disputes between nations. The ICJ does not have jurisdiction over individuals. 1316: 17060: 17033: 17023: 16503: 16483: 16346: 16217: 16114: 16064: 16034: 16014: 15942: 15922: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15798: 15769: 15742: 15718: 15713: 15309: 15299: 15145: 14938: 14911: 13909: 13371: 13092: 12051:

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

11760: 11223: 11162: 11145: 11053: 10801: 10791: 10380: 10311: 10296: 9777: 9736: 9569: 9550: 9525: 9418: 7298: 6103: 5367: 5172: 5005: 4996: 4342: 4002: 3775: 3574: 3407: 3324: 3086:

of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world

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Freedman, Lynn P.; Isaacs, Stephen L. (Jan–Feb 1993). "Human Rights and Reproductive Choice".

8013: 7610: 7119: 5025:

to give its court's jurisdiction over crimes against humanity in other countries, and in 1998

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based his philosophy of international law on natural law. He wrote that "even the will of an

4427: 4367: 4227: 4222: 4157: 3421: 2957: 2677: 2561: 2538: 2537:. While there is consensus that human rights encompass a wide variety of rights, such as the 2343: 2303: 2236: 2125: 2075: 1994: 1743: 1507: 1411: 1386: 1381: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1296: 1244: 1204: 1110: 1080: 975: 582: 411: 351: 211: 206: 141: 13939: 9035:

Shelton, Dinah. "Self-Determination in Regional Human Rights Law: From Kosovo to Cameroon".

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in the sense of being the same for everyone. They are regarded as requiring empathy and the

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There exist a number of internationally recognized organisations with worldwide mandate or

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that he was trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause of human rights", so the term

2711: 2669: 2641: with: More information about human rights prior to the Enlightenment. You can help by 2589: 2214: 1728: 1602: 1311: 1269: 1219: 1194: 1007: 970: 703: 557: 450: 386: 270: 181: 166: 161: 151: 13858:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

7045: 5827: 8: 17075: 16936: 16571: 16473: 16453: 16242: 16150: 16109: 16089: 16059: 15952: 15747: 15562: 13827: 12204: 11852: 11100: 10931: 10796: 10666: 10456: 10385: 10142: 10115: 10098: 10086: 9908: 9864: 9634: 9451: 9398: 9361: 8787: 4872: 4417: 4397: 4337: 4271: 4172: 3644:. It has the power to receive complaints against the countries which have opted into the 3379: 2945: 2908: 2817: 2787: 2727: 2605: 2390: 2251: 1872: 1768: 1748: 1537: 1445: 1396: 1376: 1346: 1239: 1026: 833: 401: 381: 321: 255: 156: 12643: 9239: 8423: 5715: 5139:

limited or even pushed aside during times of national emergency, although it clarifies:

4863:

This statement was again endorsed at the 2005 World Summit in New York (paragraph 121).

4584: 3160:), this principle was later subject to significant challenges. On the issue of the term 2782:

is an English charter originally issued in 1215 which influenced the development of the

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International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

6729: 6281: 6262: 5947: 5489:

International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach

5030: 3546:(ICC) even if the issue being referred is outside the normal jurisdiction of the ICC. 48:

or "Great Charter" was one of the world's first documents containing commitments by a

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which was later influential on human rights and civil rights thinkers. United States

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International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

10926: 8700: 6298: 3668: 3235: 17249: 17214: 17070: 17055: 16983: 16904: 16874: 16705: 16541: 16247: 15813: 15808: 15659: 15557: 15197: 15192: 15182: 14906: 14803: 13525: 13465: 13435: 13117: 12811: 12317: 12166:

on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

11228: 10542: 10532: 10358: 10306: 10210: 10074: 9963: 9913: 9891: 9886: 9817: 9464: 9413: 9188: 8677: 8529: 8395: 8280: 7975: 7774: 6955: 6321: 6276: 6194: 5865: 5632: 5026: 4962: 4924: 4876: 4733: 4668:" in popularity, because the rights are less and less frequently seen as requiring 4616: 4387: 3017:

Report by the Director General for the International Labour Conference 87th Session

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

9162:

The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law

8903: 7487:"Council of Europe – European Union: "A sole ambition for the European Continent"" 5636: 5324: 5066:

Multinational companies often view their primary responsibility as being to their

5057:

Companies, NGOs, political parties, informal groups, and individuals are known as

2786:

and many later constitutional documents related to human rights, such as the 1689

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A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

8509: 8416: 8040:"Transnational corporations should be held to human rights standards – UN expert" 6715: 6229: 6048: 5905: 5593: 5532: 5474: 5442: 5409: 5374: 5331: 5241: 5196: 5178: 5157: 5042: 4912: 4884: 4650:

incorporated natural law into many of his theories and philosophy, especially in

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for universal human rights legislation. All UN organs have advisory roles to the

3257: 3217: 2813: 2400: 2308: 2204: 2145: 1999: 1984: 1964: 1929: 1636: 1547: 1482: 1274: 1224: 1002: 853: 443: 396: 366: 336: 331: 233: 14150: 8708: 8696: 7093: 3226: 2832:

respectively, both of which articulated certain human rights. Additionally, the

17080: 17038: 17008: 16998: 16916: 16909: 16894: 16884: 16720: 16656: 16598: 16593: 16578: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16237: 16172: 15701: 15674: 15527: 15239: 15167: 12628: 12429: 11203: 10946: 10866: 10821: 10761: 10726: 10518: 10431: 10336: 10244: 10035: 9869: 9792: 9264: 8829: 8638: 6382:"Ethiopian drought leading to dramatic increase in child marriage Unicef warns" 6350:"Sanctions Against Sudan Didn't Harm an Oppressive Government — They Helped It" 6133: 5294:

in Sudan to the ICC despite the fact that Sudan has a functioning legal system.

5261: 5211: 4954: 4665: 4621: 4588: 4580: 4572: 4557: 4516: 4377: 4357: 4301: 4053: 3982:(ACHR) was adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States on 22 May 2004. 3472: 3315: 3140: 2949: 2395: 2353: 2323: 2313: 2231: 2224: 2209: 2199: 2021: 1957: 1899: 1894: 1879: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1532: 1467: 980: 953: 798: 482: 361: 341: 285: 9192: 8681: 7778: 6198: 6134:"Access to a healthy environment, declared a human right by UN rights council" 4045:

and are able and willing to guarantee democracy, fundamental human rights and

3646:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

3604:

The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women monitors the

3113: 17203: 17092: 16715: 16651: 16636: 16498: 16463: 16443: 16314: 16257: 16192: 15604: 15507: 15098: 12279: 11913:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

10901: 10786: 10701: 10646: 10506: 10426: 10321: 10171: 10164: 10057: 10010: 9903: 9759: 9279: 9157: 9144: 9120: 8268: 6206: 5877: 5256: 5191: 5079: 4941: 4790: 4771:

education, health and housing. For example, in the United States there is no

4716: 4660: 4608: 4592: 4372: 4162: 3843: 3781: 3768: 3433: 3391: 3336: 3179: 2685: 2569: 2493: 2407: 2016: 1952: 1937: 1793: 1758: 1738: 1609: 1552: 1487: 875: 778: 356: 146: 9728: 8721:

In Defense of Human Rights: A Non-Religious Grounding in a Pluralistic World

8480:

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. International Progress Organization.

8374:

Evolution and Ethics: Human Morality in Biological and Religious Perspective

7676: 7377: 3763: 3205:) have been offered at the international level. They are generally known as 16926: 16641: 16608: 16588: 16518: 16508: 16488: 16468: 16104: 16002: 15997: 15733: 15708: 15572: 15512: 15477: 15447: 15123: 15103: 15047: 14948: 14923: 14885: 14880: 14327: 14251: 14155: 14032: 13892: 12893: 11043: 10936: 10736: 10487: 10461: 10370: 10052: 10040: 9988: 9948: 9943: 9807: 9802: 9675: 9629: 9609: 9371: 9177:"Tolerant Imperialism: John Stuart Mill's Defense of British Rule in India" 9085: 8598:

The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Era of Globalization

7433: 6290: 5221: 5071: 5067: 4916: 4627: 4596: 4321: 4316: 4281: 4207: 4192: 3677: 3486: 3306: 3157: 3068: 2874: 2837: 2241: 1942: 1909: 1889: 1813: 1803: 1783: 1763: 1391: 1289: 1284: 1012: 987: 843: 783: 748: 718: 305: 300: 265: 191: 176: 8863:

International encyclopedia of human rights: freedoms, abuses, and remedies

8284: 7903:. Activating Human Rights and Diversity Conference (Byron Bay, Australia). 5033:

under the universal jurisdiction principle. The principle is supported by

3629:

The Committee on Migrant Workers was established in 2004 and monitors the

3236:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

3232:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

16828: 16788: 16756: 16623: 16583: 16423: 16336: 16287: 16262: 16162: 15855: 15594: 15577: 15532: 15452: 14870: 14759: 14246: 14121: 13935:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

11775: 11048: 11038: 10876: 10624: 10619: 10611: 10596: 10421: 10326: 10137: 9973: 9938: 9918: 9898: 9876: 9841: 9066: 8983: 8779: 8399: 6787:. National Human Rights Institutions Forum. November 2007. Archived from 6412:"Leveraging education to end female gential mutilation/cutting worldwide" 5386: 4830: 4780: 4681: 4669: 4512: 4488: 4042: 3940: 3555: 3395: 3149: 3048: 3039: 3000: 2972: 2933: 2929: 2802: 2778: 2738: 2707: 2585: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2481: 2135: 2097: 2065: 1924: 1884: 1718: 1631: 1582: 1557: 1457: 1142: 865: 848: 803: 723: 44: 17164: 7987: 7459: 6333: 3755:

Principles list a number of responsibilities for national institutions.

2630: 17181: 17102: 17097: 16978: 16973: 16869: 16853: 16710: 16603: 16561: 16523: 16331: 16319: 16292: 16282: 16202: 15621: 15616: 15587: 15522: 15371: 14855: 14241: 14022: 13087: 12587:

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

10407: 10395: 10365: 10331: 10271: 9953: 9691: 8663:"Barbarian thoughts: imperialism in the philosophy of John Stuart Mill" 8502: 7407: 6267: 5885: 5853: 5125: 5113: 5014: 5010: 4958: 4908: 4647: 4631: 4604: 4500: 4492: 4018: 3995: 3704: 3596:

The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination monitors the

3072: 2805: 2783: 2715: 2593: 2417: 2412: 2293: 2288: 2184: 2160: 2011: 1904: 1862: 1818: 1626: 1614: 1587: 1577: 1497: 892: 887: 858: 793: 634: 7547: 6312:

Mueller, John; Mueller, Karl (1999). "Sanctions of mass destruction".

4976:

reaffirmed the international community's adherence to this principle:

3688:(ICJ) is the United Nations' primary judiciary body. It has worldwide 2604:. This concept featured prominently in the political discourse of the 2527:

and global and regional institutions. The precise meaning of the term

17003: 16951: 16668: 16267: 15397: 14492: 14165: 11800: 10841: 10678: 10413: 10375: 9968: 9782: 9440: 8914:

Paul, Ellen Frankel; Miller, Fred Dycus; Paul, Jeffrey (eds) (2001).

8068:. UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. 7979: 6325: 5366:

The United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights,

4980:

The universal nature of human rights and freedoms is beyond question.

4776:

rights, but have often failed to provide civil and political rights.

4538: 4530: 4496: 3932: 3153: 2318: 2266: 1969: 1562: 668: 49: 17176: 9139:

Remaking Rwanda: State building and human rights after mass violence

8632: 8552:

Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations

5869: 3214:

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

3099:

The UDHR was framed by members of the Human Rights Commission, with

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

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Cross, Frank B. "The relevance of law in human rights protection."

7145: 5595:

Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics

5534:

Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics

5013:, or owed to the entire world community, as well as the concept of 4920: 4708: 4565: 4522: 3964: 3944: 3936: 3839: 3411: 3223:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

3174: 2964:

movements, on behalf of women and minorities in the United States.

2546: 2477: 2283: 2107: 2026: 1671: 1597: 1502: 1462: 823: 818: 813: 738: 733: 678: 8848:"Principles, Publicity, and Politics: Notes on Human Rights Media" 8657:(reprint of 1952 edition published by University of Chicago Press) 7378:"English Version of the Statute of the Arab Court of Human Rights" 4083: 3842:, the return to democracy in Latin America, and the thrust toward 67: 15472: 15376: 15356: 15329: 15304: 15208: 14999: 14865: 13930:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

12597: 11790: 11785: 10746: 10601: 10513: 8962:

Rule of Law, Legitimate Governance and Development in the Pacific

7277: 6514:"Holocaust Key to Understanding ISIS, Says UN Human Rights Chief" 5899:

Eleanor Roosevelt: Address to the United Nations General Assembly

5018: 4721: 4704: 4052:

The Council of Europe is an organisation that is not part of the

4046: 3960: 3952: 3366: 2750: 2702:

The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of

2542: 743: 639: 619: 592: 567: 490: 14984: 14526:

Presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly of States Parties

9561: 8813:

All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery

6926:"Mandate of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights" 5029:

was arrested in London following an indictment by Spanish judge

2523:

The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within

16428: 15457: 15361: 15339: 15334: 15284: 13077: 12995: 12965: 12930: 12499: 12474: 12460:

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)

12351:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

11770: 10957: 10766: 9595: 9592: 9425: 8215:"What do we really talk about when we talk about human rights?" 6653:

The United Nations and human rights : a critical appraisal

5291: 4075: 3535: 3044: 2529: 2501: 1723: 728: 624: 602: 597: 547: 59: 12076:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

11939:

Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

8771:(1999). "Universal Human Rights and 'Human Rights in Islam'". 8302:

Darwinian Natural Right: The Biological Ethics of Human Nature

5936:"The Rule of Law in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 4990: 4738: 3975:

was adopted unanimously by ASEAN members on 18 November 2012.

3703:(ICC) is the body responsible for investigating and punishing 3196:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

2710:

tradition. It developed in new directions during the European

2588:

tradition and developed in new directions during the European

16438: 15289: 15004: 14989: 14765:

American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the ICC

12975: 12475:

UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

11895: 10731: 10721: 10716: 10188: 10183: 9125:

International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals.

7522:"Historical Background to the European Court of Human Rights" 7067: 6730:"The Resource Part II: The International Human Rights System" 5940:

Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights

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in France. The Council of Europe is responsible for both the

3332: 2882: 2726:, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the 2485: 1733: 552: 9275:

The Universal Human Rights Index of United Nations documents

8157:"The Resource Part II: Human Rights in Times of Emergencies" 7548:"About the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture" 7312:"ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)" 7044:. African International Courts and Tribunals. Archived from 6827: 6707:

Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General:

5290:

The Security Council referred the human rights situation in

4807:

He, and others, urge caution with prioritisation of rights:

3477: 3250: 17050: 16879: 14840: 12445:

Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)

12440:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

11780: 10861: 6676: 6025: 6023: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5558: 5556: 5554: 3956: 3328: 2941: 2869:

approved by the National Assembly of France, 26 August 1789

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Shellens, Max Salomon (1959). "Aristotle on Natural Law".

7735: 5917:(A/RES/217, 10 December 1948 at Palais de Chaillot, Paris) 4889: 4646:), that made natural law no longer dependent on theology. 2940:

movement succeeded in gaining for many women the right to

9475:

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

8753:"A Conservative Call For Universal Access To Health Care" 8097:. United Nations Commission on Human Rights. p. 81. 7943: 7880: 7856: 7846: 7844: 6417:. International Center for Research on Women. p. 3. 5720:. Vol. 1. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 83. 5401:

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recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and

11945:

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

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The international human rights movement : a history

8562:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

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Shaheed, Ahmed; Richter, Rose Parris (17 October 2018).

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have been exhausted does international law take effect.

3455: 3028: 2983:, to be further developed following the two World Wars. 10846: 9510:

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals

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Robertson, Arthur Henry; Merrills, John Graham (1996).

8437:

2nd ed. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.

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The Committee on Enforced Disappearances monitors the

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UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

11957:

Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity

8930:

A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide

4564:

into one of natural law is usually attributed to the

3642:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

3131:

Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

3092:

Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2995:

was established in 1919 at the negotiations over the

13888:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

13838:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

12341:

Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

12136:

Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

12071:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

11962:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

9021:(6th ed.). Leiden: Cambridge University Press. 8702:

The Principles of International Law and Human Rights

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American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

3638:

Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

2907:

and Garrison's publication. In 1849 a contemporary,

2741:

tradition was heavily influenced by the writings of

14825: 7907: 7723: 7274:"Overview – Association of Southeast Asian Nations" 6629: 6587: 5962: 4058:

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

4031:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

2867:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

2830:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

13945:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 12190: 11754:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) 9465:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials) 7829: 7699: 6512: 6480: 6448: 6348: 5717:A History of Medieval Political Theory in the West 5448: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 3969:ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights 3721: 17014:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 14081:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 12515:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) 11842:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 9048:International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 8550:Gorman, Robert F. and Edward S. Mihalkanin, eds. 8241: 7919: 7629: 7578: 6263:"Economic sanction: a weapon of mass destruction" 6230:"The responsibility to protect and regime change" 6041: 5689:"International Human Rights Law: A Short History" 5568: 5337: 4675: 3586:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 3577:promotes participation with the standards of the 3275: 2836:of 1776 encoded into law a number of fundamental 2329:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 17201: 12402:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture 12235:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 9495:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia 9470:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 9270:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 8435:Universal Human Rights in Theory & Practice. 7961: 7755:Thomistic Natural Law as Darwinian Natural Right 7196: 6709:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 6450:"Confronting a sexual rite of passage in Malawi" 4062:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture 3731: 3269:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2903:probably came into use sometime between Paine's 16674:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 14055:World Federation of United Nations Associations 13550:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 12582:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 12382:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 11951:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5397: 5395: 5349: 4638:, Prolegomeni XI). This is the famous argument 4067: 3791:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 3549: 2706:, which first appeared as part of the medieval 2584:, which first appeared as part of the medieval 1975:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 16156:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12066:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 9309: 8371: 8181: 8151: 8149: 7741: 7172:"InterAmerican Court on Human Rights homepage" 6782:"Chart of the Status of National Institutions" 6311: 6184: 5736:"Augustine on Law and Order — Lawexplores.com" 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5311: 3895:Charter of the Organization of American States 3251:Convention on the Rights of the Child | UNICEF 3225:(CERD) (adopted 1966, entry into force: 1969) 1451:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 52:to his people to respect certain legal rights. 15224: 14811: 14291: 14181: 12613: 12265: 12210:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 11868: 10973: 9758: 9744: 9577: 9295: 9090:On Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures. 7674: 7148:. Inter-Americal Commission on Human Rights. 6346: 5052: 4467: 3569:(UNHCHR) and the UN Centre for Human Rights. 3249:(CRC) (adopted 1989, entry into force: 1989) 2889:during the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1831, 2454: 451: 13950:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 12220:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 12106:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 8715:Vienna: International Progress Organization. 7647: 5392: 3805:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 3720:The ICC and other international courts (see 3438:International Freedom of Expression Exchange 3243:(CAT) (adopted 1984, entry into force: 1984) 2533:is controversial and remains the subject of 16372:List of people killed for being transgender 12520:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) 12215:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 12036:Convention on the Political Rights of Women 8872:(U of Hawaii Press, 2003) pp. 209–221. 8511:Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach 8146: 7753:Paul, Miller, Paul (2001): Arnhart, Larry. 7268: 7266: 6815:C: Non-compliant with the Paris Principles. 5460: 5415: 5308: 4991:Universal jurisdiction vs state sovereignty 4739:Indivisibility and categorization of rights 4727: 4551: 3611:The Committee Against Torture monitors the 3401: 2911:, wrote about human rights in his treatise 1667:List of people killed for being transgender 15231: 15217: 15053:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 14818: 14804: 14445:Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution 14433:Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act 14343:Agreements on the Enforcement of Sentences 14298: 14284: 14188: 14174: 14043:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 13955:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 12620: 12606: 12387:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 12272: 12258: 11972:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 11924:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 11875: 11861: 10980: 10966: 9751: 9737: 9584: 9570: 9480:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 9302: 9288: 9187:(4). 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Cambridge University Press. p. 23. 4811: 4474: 4460: 3816:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 3501: 3079: 2676:Many of the basic ideas that animated the 2560:Many of the basic ideas that animated the 2461: 2447: 458: 444: 27:Fundamental rights belonging to all humans 12455:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 12407:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 11897:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions 9500:Special Panels of the Dili District Court 8574: 8406:International Review of Law and Economics 7937: 6280: 5748: 5742: 5621:"Human Rights Evolution, A Brief History" 3241:United Nations Convention Against Torture 2850:United States Declaration of Independence 2826:United States Declaration of Independence 2488:behaviour and are regularly protected as 15488:Social determinants of health in poverty 14427:American Service-Members' Protection Act 13472:Conference on International Organization 12126:Convention for the Prevention of Torture 9053: 8875: 8788:"Interview with William Montgomery Watt" 8775:. Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. 2–7. 8711:. (1990). "Democracy and Human Rights". 8610:The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History 8478:Human Rights in International Relations. 7717: 7652:. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, p. 2. 7572: 7263: 7174:. Inter-American Court on Human Rights. 6809:A: Compliance with the Paris Principles; 6699: 6655:. 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The development of this tradition of 3971:was inaugurated, and subsequently, the 3663: 3640:was established in 2008 to monitor the 3518: 3291: 3216:(adopted 1948, entry into force: 1951) 3047:... may well become the international 14: 17202: 14338:Agreement on Privileges and Immunities 14195: 13182:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 12505:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 11934:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 11884:International human rights instruments 11766:List of human rights abuses by country 11254:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017) 11219:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 9174: 9137:Straus, Scott, and Lars Waldorf, eds. 8990:(3rd ed.). University for Peace. 8901: 8447: 8392:Political Science Research and Methods 8358:Human Rights: Promotion and Protection 8267: 8184:"Is 'Human Rights' a Western Concept?" 8072:from the original on 12 September 2016 7913: 7901:Human Rights: Dirty Words in Singapore 7850: 7705: 7485:Juncker, Jean-Claude (11 April 2006). 7358:from the original on 10 September 2016 6650: 6379: 6235:. Centre for European Policy Studies. 6015:Public Policy for the Black Community, 5343: 3929:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 3680:over certain aspects of human rights: 3462:International human rights instruments 2857: 2759:obligated to obey laws that are unjust 15212: 14907:Charitable trust / Registered charity 14799: 14439:International Criminal Court Act 2001 14279: 14169: 14096:UN television film series (1964–1966) 13848:International Narcotics Control Board 13779:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 13567:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 13538:Convention on the Rights of the Child 13516:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 12601: 12450:Organisation of American States (OAS) 12253: 12189: 12092: 12046:Convention on the Rights of the Child 12001: 12000: 11983:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 11918:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 11894: 11856: 11837:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10961: 9732: 9565: 9283: 9261:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9037:American Journal of International Law 8810: 8750: 8718: 8637: 8580:Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry 8468:Historical Dictionary of Human Rights 8425:State Repression and Political Order. 8337: 8321:The No-Nonsense Guide to Human Rights 8163:from the original on 21 December 2007 8104:from the original on 16 February 2008 8020:from the original on 14 November 2008 7962:Kissinger, Henry (July–August 2001). 7835: 7656:from the original on 18 December 2007 7635: 7617:from the original on 13 December 2007 7584: 7528:from the original on 22 December 2007 7466:from the original on 24 November 2003 7301:. 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The organisation now also includes 3820:Court of Justice of the African Union 3567:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 3456:Protection at the international level 3247:Convention on the Rights of the Child 3065:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3057:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3035:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3029:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3023: 2690:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2688:, culminating in the adoption of the 2574:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2572:, culminating in the adoption of the 17138: 16178:Capital punishment for homosexuality 15493:Social determinants of mental health 14944:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation 14929:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation 13920:United Nations Postal Administration 13555:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 13274:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 12412:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 12336:Committee on the Rights of the Child 9016: 8834:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an: vol 1–5 8660: 8606: 8212: 8046:from the original on 21 January 2008 7925: 7388:from the original on 19 January 2021 7178:from the original on 27 October 2007 7152:from the original on 14 January 2008 7126:from the original on 20 January 2008 7100:from the original on 3 December 2007 6736:from the original on 21 January 2008 6638: 6593: 6461:from the original on 2 December 2019 6228:Emerson, Michael (1 December 2011). 6056:from the original on 11 January 2008 5579: 5454: 5268: 5109:Human rights in emergency situations 3871:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 3800:Protecting human and peoples' rights 3620:Committee on the Rights of the Child 3447: 3209:. Some of the most significant are: 3119:economic, social and cultural rights 2987:Between World War I and World War II 2625: 1473:Capital punishment for homosexuality 764:Social determinants of mental health 16298:Genital modification and mutilation 14785:World Day for International Justice 13323:Permanent representatives to the UN 13212:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 12318:Truth and reconciliation commission 12153:American Convention on Human Rights 8429:Annual Review of Political Science. 8342:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8319:Ball, Olivia; Gready, Paul (2007). 8225:from the original on 11 August 2022 8042:. UN News Centre. 13 October 2003. 7766: 7554:from the original on 2 January 2008 7492:. Council of Europe. Archived from 7122:. Organization of American States. 6424:from the original on 6 October 2022 5495:. Paris: UNESCO. 2018. p. 16. 5227:LGBT rights by country or territory 5217:Human right to water and sanitation 4867:Universalism vs cultural relativism 4779:Another categorization, offered by 4023:European Convention on Human Rights 3883:American Convention on Human Rights 3797:Promoting human and peoples' rights 3525:United Nations Human Rights Council 3495:United Nations Human Rights Council 3342: 3282:United Nations Human Rights Council 1593:Genital modification and mutilation 24: 15238: 14307:International Criminal Court (ICC) 14132:Withdrawal from the United Nations 13318:Security Council Permanent members 12627: 12131:European Convention on Nationality 11264:during the Libyan civil war (2011) 11126:National human rights institutions 11121:List of human rights organisations 9208: 8952:"Rwanda: progress or powder keg?." 7687:from the original on 14 April 2009 7524:. European Court of Human Rights. 7322:from the original on 21 April 2021 6834:from the original on 20 April 2019 6447:Ahmed, Beenish (20 January 2014). 6114:from the original on 27 March 2013 5775:"Britain's unwritten constitution" 5695:from the original on 14 March 2023 5232:List of human rights organisations 4838:Some human rights are said to be " 3994:European Court of Human Rights in 3748:national human rights institutions 3738:National human rights institutions 3430:World Organisation Against Torture 3103:as chair, who began to discuss an 2816:. In Britain in 1689, the English 2680:developed in the aftermath of the 2564:developed in the aftermath of the 25: 17276: 15163:Master of Nonprofit Organizations 14117:United Nations in popular culture 13801:Expulsion from the United Nations 13746:General Assembly President (2016) 12121:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 10942:Western European and Others Group 9591: 9225: 8560:Houghton Mifflin Company (2006). 8194:from the original on 10 July 2022 7440:from the original on 29 July 2012 7414:from the original on 20 July 2010 7074:from the original on 19 July 2019 6617:from the original on 7 March 2022 6158: 5908:10 December 1948 in Paris, France 5724:from the original on 8 June 2016. 5669:from the original on 6 March 2023 5663:"A Short History of Human Rights" 5643:from the original on 6 March 2023 4786:three generations of human rights 4506: 3865:Promoting sustainable development 3466: 3361:protected by wealthier families. 3296: 3234:(CEDAW) (entry into force: 1981) 3005:International Labour Organization 2919:Supreme Court Justice David Davis 2914:On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 2745:early Christian thinkers such as 2520:based on specific circumstances. 17187: 17175: 17163: 17137: 17128: 17127: 16777:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 16614:Law for Protection of the Nation 16514:White genocide conspiracy theory 14651:Democratic Republic of the Congo 14466: 14149: 12093: 11249:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp 10987: 9232: 9141:(Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2011). 8206: 8175: 8116: 8084: 8058: 8032: 8006: 7955: 7892: 7810: 7760: 7747: 7460:"The Council of Europe in Brief" 7408:"Council of Europe Human Rights" 6687:from the original on 2 July 2019 6559:. UN News Centre. Archived from 6493:from the original on 12 May 2022 6392:from the original on 12 May 2022 6242:from the original on 6 June 2022 5751:Magna Carta commemoration essays 4985:2005 World Summit, paragraph 120 4082: 4009:Human rights in the Soviet Union 3862:The rights of Indigenous Peoples 2979:in 1864 laid the foundations of 2812:could not be surrendered in the 2666:U.S. Declaration of Independence 2629: 2086:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1915:Law for Protection of the Nation 1809:White genocide conspiracy theory 489: 66: 16619:MSM blood donation restrictions 16367:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 14827:Charitable giving and practices 13705:International Court of Justice 13254:Sport for Development and Peace 12510:UN Development Programme (UNDP) 12470:World Health Organization (WHO) 11374:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet 11080:Natural rights and legal rights 11070:Claim rights and liberty rights 8987:Human Rights Reference Handbook 8939:. Manchester University Press. 8880:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 8740:. Oxford and London: Routledge 8670:Review of International Studies 8360:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. 8014:"Corporations and Human Rights" 7816: 7668: 7641: 7602: 7590: 7540: 7478: 7452: 7426: 7370: 7334: 7304: 7292: 7233: 7190: 7164: 7138: 7112: 7086: 7060: 7034: 7002: 6983:. African Union. Archived from 6970: 6889: 6873:. African Union. Archived from 6863: 6846: 6820: 6774: 6748: 6722: 6669: 6644: 6607:"Introduction of the Committee" 6599: 6549: 6525:from the original on 9 May 2022 6505: 6473: 6440: 6404: 6380:Davies, Lizzy (30 April 2022). 6373: 6361:from the original on 5 May 2022 6340: 6305: 6254: 6221: 6178: 6152: 6126: 6096: 6044:"Human Rights and Human Wrongs" 6035: 6007: 5991: 5934:Glendon, Mary Ann (July 2004). 5911: 5892: 5845: 5826:. December 1866. Archived from 5809: 5767: 5728: 5707: 5681: 5655: 5612: 5585: 5524: 5284: 5275: 5103:Sustainable Development Goal 10 5074:, Special Rapporteur of the UN 4927:both claimed in the 1990s that 4659:The Belgian philosopher of law 4109:Natural rights and legal rights 4099:Claim rights and liberty rights 3923:Human Rights in the Middle East 3836:Organization of American States 3532:United Nations General Assembly 3491:United Nations Security Council 2694:United Nations General Assembly 2578:United Nations General Assembly 1920:MSM blood donation restrictions 1662:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 93:Natural rights and legal rights 83:Claim rights and liberty rights 17235:Legal doctrines and principles 16632:(as religious or racial quota) 15151:List of charitable foundations 13382:Permanent Court of Arbitration 13377:International Peace Conference 12744:International Court of Justice 12397:European Court of Human Rights 12193:International humanitarian law 11244:against Palestinians by Israel 9541:International humanitarian law 9485:Special Court for Sierra Leone 9164:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 8870:Technology and Cultural Values 8600:(U of California Press, 2008) 8536:. Random House of Canada Ltd. 8450:Natural Law and Natural Rights 8376:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 8247:Amnesty International (2004). 8242:References and further reading 7120:"Directory of OAS Authorities" 5821:, 71 U.S. 2, 119. (full text)" 5480: 4953:Singapore's opposition leader 4773:universal access to healthcare 4676:Other theories of human rights 4041:, accept the principle of the 4027:European Court of Human Rights 3973:ASEAN Human Rights Declaration 3716:, which established the court. 3686:International Court of Justice 3418:non-governmental organizations 3286:European Court of Human Rights 3276:Including environmental rights 3271:(ICC) (entry into force: 2002) 2981:International humanitarian law 2834:Virginia Declaration of Rights 1933:(as religious or racial quota) 13: 1: 17046:Second-generation gender bias 16762:Constitutional colorblindness 15483:Social determinants of health 14934:Non-governmental organization 14353:Charter of the United Nations 13915:Sustainable Development Goals 13442:Declaration by United Nations 13367:International Telegraph Union 12161:to Prevent and Punish Torture 9071:Human Rights and Asian Values 9046:Sills, David L. (1968, 1972) 8422:Davenport, Christian (2007). 6347:Nesrine Malik (3 July 2018). 6282:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31944-5 5637:10.32048/Coespumagazine3.19.3 5023:law of universal jurisdiction 4137:Economic, social and cultural 3732:Regional human rights regimes 3512:Charter of the United Nations 2361:Second-generation gender bias 2071:Constitutional colorblindness 754:Social determinants of health 121:Economic, social and cultural 32:Human rights (disambiguation) 13843:International Criminal Court 13279:UN organizations by location 12346:International Criminal Court 11085:Negative and positive rights 9505:Special Tribunal for Lebanon 9490:International Criminal Court 8918:Cambridge University Press. 8613:. Harvard University Press. 8250:Amnesty International Report 8213:Silk, James (23 June 2021). 7742:Clayton & Schloss (2004) 6651:Alston, Philip, ed. (1992). 6261:Habibzadeh, Farrokh (2018). 6104:"Convention against Torture" 5166: 5082:stated in a report in 2003: 4539: 4433:Self-determination of people 4114:Negative and positive rights 4068:Philosophies of human rights 3980:Arab Charter on Human Rights 3919:Human rights in Central Asia 3701:International Criminal Court 3672:The official logo of the ICC 3550:United Nations treaty bodies 3544:International Criminal Court 3105:International Bill of Rights 2954:Indian independence movement 2893:wrote in a newspaper called 2796:United States Bill of Rights 2535:ongoing philosophical debate 2484:that establish standards of 417:Self-determination of people 98:Negative and positive rights 7: 16957:Medical model of disability 16809:Hate speech laws by country 13977:Security Council veto power 13284:Sexual Violence in Conflict 13207:Economic and Social Affairs 12778:Economic and Social Council 12500:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) 11827:List of human rights awards 11699:in the United Arab Emirates 11075:Individual and group rights 9546:International speech crimes 9327:Customary international law 8476:Forsythe, David P. (2000). 8452:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7241:"Democracy Reports | V-Dem" 5852:Crenshaw, Kimberle (1991). 5412:. Retrieved 14 August 2014. 5237:List of human rights awards 5184: 4653:Two Treatises of Government 4533:, posited the existence of 4525:and his philosophic heirs, 4104:Individual and group rights 3829: 3722:Regional human rights below 2272:Medical model of disability 2118:Hate speech laws by country 88:Individual and group rights 10: 17281: 17066:Social model of disability 15538:Discrimination against men 15104:Charity / thrift / op shop 14980:Charity (Christian virtue) 14775:European Union and the ICC 14028:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 13853:International Day of Peace 13335:General Assembly Observers 12658:General Assembly President 12495:UN Population Fund (UNFPA) 12157:Inter-American Convention 12021:Convention against Torture 11749:of the Marcos dictatorship 9367:Convention Against Torture 9311:International criminal law 9104:African Journalism Studies 8960:Salevao, Lutisone (2005). 8492:Studies in Family Planning 8338:Beitz, Charles R. (2009). 7899:Chee, S.J. (3 July 2003). 7042:"African Court of Justice" 5445:. Retrieved 14 August 2014 5377:. Retrieved 14 August 2014 5334:. Retrieved 14 August 2014 5207:Disability rights movement 5170: 5134:Anti-terrorism legislation 5123: 5076:Commission on Human Rights 5053:State and non-state actors 5039:human rights organisations 4994: 4870: 4731: 4510: 4006: 4000: 3908: 3773: 3735: 3553: 3522: 3470: 3459: 3442:Anti-Slavery International 3405: 3388:conditional cash transfers 3384:guaranteed minimum incomes 3346: 3321:2011 military intervention 3300: 3145:civil and political rights 3032: 2960:, and more recent diverse 2921:, in his 1867 opinion for 2792:United States Constitution 2714:with such philosophers as 2619: 2615: 2592:with philosophers such as 2381:Social model of disability 809:Discrimination against men 29: 17123: 16862: 16739: 16532: 16419:Opposition to immigration 16143: 15783: 15630: 15390: 15340:Race / Ethnicity 15277: 15246: 15076: 15028:Animal Charity Evaluators 15013: 14972: 14894: 14833: 14780:United States and the ICC 14752: 14727: 14709: 14636: 14629: 14539: 14513: 14506: 14475: 14464: 14419: 14384: 14368: 14361: 14320: 14313: 14260: 14234: 14203: 14145: 14068: 13759: 13681: 13584: 13572:World Heritage Convention 13481: 13460:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 13422: 13359: 13350: 13296: 13170:General Assembly Building 13143: 13026: 12798: 12697: 12679: 12670: 12635: 12567: 12528: 12420: 12374: 12356:UN Human Rights Committee 12326: 12313:Human rights institutions 12295: 12200: 12185: 12101: 12088: 12011: 11996: 11903: 11890: 11809: 11694:in the State of Palestine 11679:in the Dominican Republic 11259:during the Gaddafi regime 11196: 11141: 11134: 11113: 11093: 11062: 11034: 11023: 10995: 10712:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance 10692: 10610: 10447: 10282: 10153:Standard Average European 10021: 9850: 9770: 9710: 9684: 9648: 9602: 9536:Joint criminal enterprise 9518: 9449: 9380: 9317: 9193:10.1017/S0034670506000246 9127:Oxford: Clarendon Press. 8858:(No. 3). pp. 605–612 8807:, no. 26 (Winter): 33–39. 8751:Light, Donald W. 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(2009). 5468:human rights – definition 5441:12 September 2015 at the 4946:Media and Society in Asia 4900:female genital mutilation 3985: 3915:Human rights in East Asia 3814:With the creation of the 3758: 3363:Female genital mutilation 3314:refers to a doctrine for 3312:Responsibility to protect 3201:Numerous other treaties ( 2885:expanded on the theme of 1714:Opposition to immigration 603:Race / Ethnicity 16414:Occupational segregation 16183:Compulsory sterilization 14226:Fourth Geneva Convention 14216:Second Geneva Convention 13878:Military Staff Committee 13217:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 12720:Deputy Secretary-General 12649:Deputy Secretary-General 12568:ICRC – organization with 12392:African Court of Justice 10852:Lancaster House Treaties 10342:Christian existentialism 10302:Ancient Roman philosophy 10292:Ancient Greek philosophy 9456:(in order of foundation) 8876:Nathwani, Niraj (2003). 8433:Donnelly, Jack. (2003). 8340:The idea of human rights 8323:. New Internationalist. 7950:Ball & Gready (2007) 7887:Ball & Gready (2007) 7863:Ball & Gready (2007) 6719:. Retrieved 8 June 2007. 6582:Ball & Gready (2007) 6544:Ball & Gready (2007) 6091:Ball & Gready (2007) 6079:Ball & Gready (2007) 6030:Ball & Gready (2007) 5986:Ball & Gready (2007) 5301: 4728:Concepts in human rights 4620:considering humankind's 4091:Theoretical distinctions 3692:. It is directed by the 3402:Informational strategies 3207:human rights instruments 3143:. The inclusion of both 1709:Occupational segregation 1478:Compulsory sterilization 75:Theoretical distinctions 17225:International relations 16942:Internalized oppression 16804:Fighting Discrimination 16794:Fat acceptance movement 16752:Anti-discrimination law 16392:Native American mascots 14488:Crimes against humanity 14221:Third Geneva Convention 14211:First Geneva Convention 14049:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 14011:UN International School 14006:UN Federal Credit Union 13987:Security Council reform 13823:Four Nations Initiative 13751:Security Council (2016) 13594:Security Council vetoes 12725:Under-Secretary-General 12361:UN Human Rights Council 12308:Human rights commission 11929:Declaration of Montreal 11817:History of human rights 11224:Enforced disappearances 11214:Crimes against humanity 10630:Equality before the law 9837:Romano-Germanic culture 9697:Parental responsibility 9394:Crimes against humanity 8861:Maddex, Robert L., ed. 8852:American Anthropologist 8796:(No. 51) pp. 8–11. 8631:23.80 (2017): 131–154. 8466:Fomerand, Jacques. ed. 8300:Arnhart, Larry (1998). 7199:"Democracy Under Siege" 5714:Carlyle, A. J. (1903). 5387:Sepulveda et al. (2004) 5063:Multinational companies 4607:. In the 17th century, 4503:) – a social contract. 4035:European Social Charter 3967:. In October 2009, the 3904: 3856:Protecting human rights 3850:Strengthening democracy 3746:In over 110 countries, 3742:Human rights commission 3709:crimes against humanity 3481:The UN General Assembly 3372:sexual initiation rites 3339:the target government. 2724:Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui 2622:History of human rights 2602:Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui 2257:Internalized oppression 2113:Fighting Discrimination 2103:Fat acceptance movement 2061:Anti-discrimination law 1687:Native American mascots 17061:Social identity threat 17034:Reverse discrimination 17024:Racial color blindness 16504:Violence against women 16484:Sex-selective abortion 15146:Ethics of philanthropy 15139:Psychological barriers 14939:Nonprofit organization 14521:List of states parties 13999:Security Council mural 13965:Millennium Declaration 13910:SDG Publishers Compact 13372:Universal Postal Union 11761:Incitement to genocide 11054:Universal jurisdiction 10792:Eastern European Group 10381:Continental philosophy 10312:Judeo-Christian ethics 10297:Hellenistic philosophy 9778:Cradle of civilization 9551:Universal jurisdiction 9526:Command responsibility 9419:Incitement to genocide 9357:United Nations Charter 9214:Ishay, Micheline, ed. 9181:The Review of Politics 9092:New York: BasicBooks. 9017:Shaw, Malcolm (2008). 8902:Nickel, James (2010). 8878:Rethinking Refugee Law 8830:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8736:Landman, Todd (2006). 8497:(No.1): p. 18–30 8356:Chauhan, O.P. (2004). 8273:Human Rights Quarterly 8188:IPI Global Observatory 8016:. Human Rights Watch. 7675:Fagan, Andrew (2006). 7070:. Human Rights Watch. 6557:"Human Rights Council" 6187:International Politics 6002:Human Rights Quarterly 5473:19 August 2014 at the 5466:Macmillan Dictionary, 5373:19 August 2014 at the 5368:What are human rights? 5173:Human rights inflation 5154: 5121: 5095: 5006:Universal jurisdiction 4997:Universal jurisdiction 4988: 4951: 4894: 4861: 4836: 4822: 4805: 4760: 4701: 4697:Rethinking Refugee Law 4636:De iure belli ac pacis 4552: 4330:Other groups of rights 4003:Human rights in Europe 3998: 3776:Human rights in Africa 3771: 3673: 3575:Human Rights Committee 3516: 3482: 3408:Human rights education 3325:First Libyan Civil War 3265:(ICRMW) (adopted 1990) 3136: 3097: 3060: 3021: 2967:The foundation of the 2891:William Lloyd Garrison 2870: 2855: 2788:English Bill of Rights 2673: 2376:Social identity threat 2349:Reverse discrimination 2339:Racial color blindness 1799:Violence against women 1779:Sex-selective abortion 314:Other groups of rights 53: 17029:Religious intolerance 16989:Political correctness 16819:Intersex human rights 16767:Cultural assimilation 16449:Religious persecution 16213:Disability hate crime 15998:Jewish / Antisemitism 14964:Voluntary association 14959:Religious corporation 14770:Coalition for the ICC 14452:Völkerstrafgesetzbuch 14137:Women in peacekeeping 13796:Drug control treaties 12539:Amnesty International 11978:Yogyakarta Principles 11822:List of global issues 10912:Three Seas Initiative 10887:Pacific Islands Forum 10752:British–Irish Council 10500:Greek Orthodox Church 9959:Industrial Revolution 9929:Scientific Revolution 9175:Tunick, Mark (2006). 9106:39.3 (2018): 85–104. 9084:Shute, Stephen & 8910:(Fall 2010 ed.). 8815:. St Martin's Press. 8811:Mayer, Henry (2000). 8805:Progressive Librarian 8738:Studying Human Rights 8607:Moyn, Samuel (2010). 8448:Finnis, John (1980). 8415:22 April 2021 at the 8285:10.1353/hrq.2005.0030 7819:""预付人权"：一种非西方的普遍人权理论" 7436:. Council of Europe. 7410:. Council of Europe. 6489:. 18 September 2021. 5619:Sutto, Marco (2019). 5330:5 August 2019 at the 5141: 5116: 5084: 5035:Amnesty International 4978: 4934: 4911:understanding of the 4892: 4847: 4823: 4809: 4795: 4746: 4687: 4672:for their existence. 4613:contractualist theory 4150:Rights by beneficiary 3993: 3766: 3671: 3499: 3480: 3422:Amnesty International 3374:with men and passing 3256:26 April 2019 at the 3203:pieces of legislation 3186:Human Rights Treaties 3123: 3077: 3042: 3009: 2999:following the end of 2975:and the first of the 2958:civil rights movement 2952:'s leadership of the 2873:Philosophers such as 2865: 2842: 2801:17th century English 2747:St Hilary of Poitiers 2678:human rights movement 2664: 2562:human rights movement 2541:, protection against 2539:right to a fair trial 2344:Religious intolerance 2304:Political correctness 2126:Intersex human rights 2076:Cultural assimilation 1744:Religious persecution 1508:Disability hate crime 1285:Jewish / Antisemitism 134:Rights by beneficiary 42: 16434:Political repression 15443:Anti-left handedness 15433:Anti-intellectualism 15109:Click-to-donate site 14973:Charity and religion 14760:Legal Tools Database 14498:Crimes of aggression 14091:United Nations Radio 14086:United Nations Medal 14038:University for Peace 13769:Bretton Woods system 13504:governed territories 13249:Developing Countries 13160:Secretariat Building 13029:Specialized agencies 12570:special status based 11908:Brazilian Resolution 11704:in the United States 11479:in Jammu and Kashmir 11025:Fundamental concepts 10907:Special Relationship 10317:Christian philosophy 10262:Western Christianity 9924:Age of Enlightenment 9798:Hellenistic Kingdoms 9640:Right to family life 9452:International courts 9352:Nuremberg principles 9039:105.1 (2011): 60–81 8955:Journal of Democracy 8932:(Basic Books, 2013). 8898:(Princeton UP, 2012) 8846:McLagan, Meg (2003) 8661:Jahn, Beate (2005). 8564:. Houghton Mifflin. 8400:10.1017/psrm.2018.62 7773:. pp. 102–117. 7207:Freedom in the World 7146:"What is the IACHR?" 6762:on 15 September 2002 6563:on 13 September 2018 6110:. 10 December 1984. 5904:22 June 2017 at the 5202:Deaf rights movement 5158:peremptory norms or 4783:, is that there are 4601:Samuel von Pufendorf 4448:Water and sanitation 4039:European integration 3911:Human rights in Asia 3859:Combating corruption 3664:International courts 3519:Human Rights Council 3292:Promotion strategies 2997:Treaty of Versailles 2840:and civil freedoms. 2670:Continental Congress 1729:Political repression 714:Anti-left handedness 704:Anti-intellectualism 432:Water and sanitation 30:For other uses, see 16937:Historical eugenics 16474:Segregation academy 16454:Religious terrorism 16243:Enemy of the people 16151:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 15670:Jehovah's Witnesses 15563:Perpetual foreigner 13863:International Years 13828:Genocide Convention 13264:Outer Space Affairs 13259:Disarmament Affairs 13224:Safety and Security 13165:Conference Building 13145:Secretariat offices 12790:Trusteeship Council 12366:UN Security Council 12205:Genocide Convention 11689:in the Soviet Union 11589:in Papua New Guinea 11239:Human rights abuses 11197:Human rights abuses 11101:Corporal punishment 10932:West Nordic Council 10797:Eastern Partnership 10386:Analytic philosophy 10087:Classical tradition 9909:Early modern period 9865:Classical antiquity 9860:European Bronze Age 9635:Reproductive rights 9399:Crime of aggression 9362:Genocide Convention 9113:7 July 2021 at the 8957:26.3 (2015): 19–33. 8799:Maret, Susan 2005. 8719:Kohen, Ari (2007). 8645:. Greenwood Press. 8408:19.1 (1999): 87–98 8134:on 27 November 2020 7596:Sills (1968, 1972) 7299:Bangkok Declaration 7280:on 11 November 2002 7022:on 18 February 2008 6903:on 30 December 2007 6794:on 16 February 2008 6521:. 7 February 2015. 5946:(5). Archived from 5858:Stanford Law Review 5792:unusual punishment. 5777:. British Library. 5625:The CoESPU Magazine 5408:18 May 2015 at the 4873:Cultural relativism 4132:Civil and political 3510:Article 1–3 of the 3073:rights-duty duality 2946:National liberation 2909:Henry David Thoreau 2858:1800 to World War I 2728:American Revolution 2606:American Revolution 2252:Historical eugenics 1769:Segregation academy 1749:Religious terrorism 1538:Enemy of the people 1446:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 949:Jehovah's Witnesses 834:Perpetual foreigner 116:Civil and political 16849:Social integration 16844:Self-determination 16834:Racial integration 16782:Diversity training 16772:Cultural pluralism 16747:Affirmative action 16647:Racial segregation 16557:Crime of apartheid 16459:Religious violence 15962:Indigenous people 15367:Sexual orientation 15134:Effective altruism 15119:Donor-advised fund 15084:Alternative giving 15063:Giving What We Can 15038:Charity assessment 15015:Charity evaluation 14851:Charity (practice) 14483:Crimes of genocide 14348:Geneva Conventions 14197:Geneva Conventions 13883:Official languages 13430:London Declaration 13239:Internal Oversight 13229:Palestinian Rights 12801:Funds, programmes, 12574:Geneva Conventions 12559:Human Rights First 12549:Human Rights Watch 12303:Human rights group 12225:Geneva Conventions 11684:in the Philippines 11209:Crime of apartheid 10391:Post-structuralism 10354:Christian humanism 9984:Universal suffrage 9702:Parental liability 9620:Matrimonial rights 9404:Crime of apartheid 9342:Geneva Conventions 9119:Steiner, J. & 8976:Osgood Law Journal 8950:Reyntjens, Filip. 8836:Brill Publishing. 8784:McIntosh, Alastair 8773:Midstream Magazine 8705:. hanskoechler.com 8596:Ishay, Micheline. 8576:Ignatieff, Michael 8159:. United Nations. 7994:on 14 January 2009 6932:on 20 January 2008 6897:"AU in a Nutshell" 6871:"AU Member States" 6732:. United Nations. 6714:9 May 2008 at the 6275:(10150): 816–817. 6159:Sharp, Alexandra. 5998:Paul Gordon Lauren 5122: 5087:position of power. 4895: 4881:Moral universalism 4840:inalienable rights 4715:. The philosopher 4711:in the context of 4571:Some of the early 4537:or natural right ( 3999: 3772: 3674: 3483: 3426:Human Rights Watch 3376:sex training tests 3354:Economic sanctions 3349:Economic sanctions 3156:South Africa, and 3112:and French lawyer 3084:inalienable rights 3061: 3024:After World War II 2977:Geneva Conventions 2871: 2810:fundamental rights 2684:and the events of 2674: 2568:and the events of 2555:right to education 2490:substantive rights 2156:Social integration 2151:Self-determination 2141:Racial integration 2091:Diversity training 2081:Cultural pluralism 2056:Affirmative action 1948:Racial segregation 1858:Crime of apartheid 1754:Religious violence 1249:Indigenous people 630:Sexual orientation 54: 17240:Philosophy of law 17230:Law and economics 17151: 17150: 17019:Racism by country 16947:Intersectionality 16932:Heteronormativity 16731:Voter suppression 16479:Sexual harassment 16278:Forced conversion 16198:Cultural genocide 15861:African Americans 15680:post–Cold War era 15665:Eastern Orthodoxy 15428:Anti-drug addicts 15423:Anti-homelessness 15350:Scientific racism 15206: 15205: 15178:Visiting the sick 15043:Charity Navigator 15023:Aid effectiveness 14954:Social enterprise 14876:Humanity (virtue) 14793: 14792: 14748: 14747: 14625: 14624: 14531:Review Conference 14462: 14461: 14415: 14414: 14273: 14272: 14163: 14162: 13994:UN Art Collection 13970:Millennium Summit 13925:UN Block By Block 13905:Ralph Bunche Park 13873:UN laissez-passer 13833:UN Global Compact 13790:Delivering as One 13689:Secretary-General 13580: 13579: 13560:Indigenous Caucus 13454:Tehran Conference 13448:Moscow Conference 13423:Preparatory years 13392:League of Nations 13292: 13291: 13192:Palace of Nations 12894:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 12710:Secretary-General 12653:Amina J. Mohammed 12640:Secretary-General 12595: 12594: 12435:Council of Europe 12247: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12230:Hague Conventions 12181: 12180: 12084: 12083: 12004:International law 11992: 11991: 11850: 11849: 11832:Three generations 11192: 11191: 11109: 11108: 10955: 10954: 10782:Council of Europe 10684:International law 10637:Constitutionalism 10495:Eastern Orthodoxy 10001:Post–Cold War era 9934:Age of Revolution 9788:Greco-Roman world 9726: 9725: 9615:Children's rights 9559: 9558: 9385:international law 9347:Nuremberg Charter 9337:Hague Conventions 9056:Natural Law Forum 9028:978-0-511-45559-9 9019:International Law 8928:Power, Samantha. 8865:(CQ Press, 2000). 8620:978-0-674-04872-0 8530:Glendon, Mary Ann 8521:978-0-7456-2356-6 8394:, 8(1), 178–187. 8349:978-0-19-957245-8 8124:"Goal 10 targets" 7648:Weston, Burns H. 6877:on 5 January 2008 6705:United Nations. 5819:Ex Parte Milligan 5565:, pp. 15–17. 5436:The Old New Thing 5269:Explanatory notes 5252:Prisoners' rights 5130:National security 5047:state sovereignty 5001:State sovereignty 4974:2005 World Summit 4969:Michael Ignatieff 4948:, 2 December 1994 4765:full belly thesis 4713:natural selection 4484: 4483: 4142:Three generations 4064:was established. 4015:Council of Europe 3949:Brunei Darussalam 3853:Working for peace 3803:Interpreting the 3786:continental union 3448:Legal instruments 3173:The onset of the 3101:Eleanor Roosevelt 3053:Eleanor Roosevelt 2993:League of Nations 2962:identity politics 2923:Ex Parte Milligan 2905:The Rights of Man 2820:and the Scottish 2771:Valladolid Debate 2732:French Revolution 2720:Francis Hutcheson 2659: 2658: 2610:French Revolution 2598:Francis Hutcheson 2545:, prohibition of 2525:international law 2498:international law 2471: 2470: 2334:Racism by country 2262:Intersectionality 2247:Heteronormativity 2032:Voter suppression 1774:Sexual harassment 1573:Forced conversion 1493:Cultural genocide 1148:African Americans 959:post–Cold War era 944:Eastern Orthodoxy 699:Anti-drug addicts 694:Anti-homelessness 613:Scientific racism 468: 467: 126:Three generations 16:(Redirected from 17272: 17192: 17191: 17190: 17180: 17179: 17168: 17167: 17159: 17141: 17140: 17131: 17130: 17071:Social privilege 17056:Social exclusion 16984:Police brutality 16905:Multiculturalism 16875:Amatonormativity 16706:Social exclusion 16542:Age of candidacy 16342:Homeless dumping 16248:Ethnic cleansing 15233: 15226: 15219: 15210: 15209: 15198:Warm-glow giving 15193:Wall of kindness 15183:Voluntary sector 14820: 14813: 14806: 14797: 14796: 14634: 14633: 14511: 14510: 14470: 14441:(United Kingdom) 14385:Security Council 14369:General Assembly 14366: 14365: 14318: 14317: 14300: 14293: 14286: 14277: 14276: 14190: 14183: 14176: 14167: 14166: 14156:World portal 14154: 14153: 14060:Biopiracy treaty 13646:Nagorno-Karabakh 13616:Security Council 13599:General Assembly 13526:Human Rights Day 13466:Yalta Conference 13436:Atlantic Charter 13357: 13356: 13313:Founding members 13234:Peace Operations 13118:World Bank Group 12812:Culture of Peace 12803:and other bodies 12756:Security Council 12732:General Assembly 12698:Principal organs 12677: 12676: 12644:António Guterres 12622: 12615: 12608: 12599: 12598: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12251: 12250: 12187: 12186: 12090: 12089: 11998: 11997: 11967:Paris Principles 11892: 11891: 11877: 11870: 11863: 11854: 11853: 11604:in Punjab, India 11229:Forced migration 11139: 11138: 11032: 11031: 11027:and philosophies 10982: 10975: 10968: 10959: 10958: 10827:EU Customs Union 10359:Secular humanism 10307:Christian ethics 10257:East–West Schism 10240:Physical culture 9964:Great Divergence 9914:Age of Discovery 9753: 9746: 9739: 9730: 9729: 9649:Rights movements 9586: 9579: 9572: 9563: 9562: 9519:Related concepts 9457: 9414:Genocidal intent 9304: 9297: 9290: 9281: 9280: 9236: 9235: 9204: 9088:(eds.). 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BiblioBazaar. 5746: 5740: 5739: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5566: 5560: 5549: 5548: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5494: 5484: 5478: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5432: 5413: 5399: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5364: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5321: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5279: 5152: 5148:United Nations, 5093: 5059:non-State actors 5027:Augusto Pinochet 4986: 4963:John Stuart Mill 4949: 4925:Mahathir Mohamad 4877:Moral relativism 4859: 4834: 4820: 4813: 4803: 4758: 4734:Human Rights Law 4699: 4695:Niraj Nathwani, 4680:The philosopher 4617:legal positivism 4585:Francisco Suárez 4555: 4542: 4540:dikaion physikon 4476: 4469: 4462: 4423:Rest and leisure 4086: 4072: 4071: 3943:, Singapore and 3752:Paris Principles 3694:Security Council 3514: 3503: 3380:girls' education 3343:Economic actions 3194:(ICCPR) and the 3134: 3095: 3081: 3019: 2879:John Stuart Mill 2853: 2692:in Paris by the 2682:Second World War 2668:ratified by the 2654: 2651: 2633: 2626: 2576:in Paris by the 2566:Second World War 2463: 2456: 2449: 2386:Social privilege 2371:Social exclusion 2299:Police brutality 2220:Multiculturalism 2190:Amatonormativity 2007:Social exclusion 1843:Age of candidacy 1637:Homeless dumping 1543:Ethnic cleansing 493: 470: 469: 460: 453: 446: 407:Rest and leisure 70: 56: 55: 21: 17280: 17279: 17275: 17274: 17273: 17271: 17270: 17269: 17265:Western culture 17255:Theories of law 17200: 17199: 17198: 17188: 17186: 17174: 17162: 17154: 17152: 17147: 17119: 16994:Polyculturalism 16890:Civil liberties 16858: 16839:Reappropriation 16740:Countermeasures 16735: 16664:Racial steering 16630:Numerus clausus 16534: 16528: 16253:Ethnic conflict 16188:Corrective rape 16139: 15779: 15626: 15518:HIV/AIDS stigma 15386: 15335:Mental disorder 15273: 15242: 15237: 15207: 15202: 15188:Volunteer grant 15129:Earning to give 15089:Benefit concert 15072: 15068:GreatNonprofits 15009: 14968: 14898: 14890: 14829: 14824: 14794: 14789: 14744: 14723: 14705: 14621: 14535: 14502: 14471: 14458: 14429:(United States) 14411: 14380: 14357: 14309: 14304: 14274: 14269: 14265:List of parties 14256: 14230: 14199: 14194: 14164: 14159: 14148: 14141: 14064: 13755: 13677: 13576: 13477: 13418: 13360:Preceding years 13346: 13299: 13288: 13147:and departments 13146: 13139: 13031: 13022: 12805: 12802: 12794: 12693: 12666: 12631: 12626: 12596: 12591: 12571: 12569: 12563: 12524: 12422: 12416: 12375:Regional bodies 12370: 12328: 12322: 12291: 12278: 12248: 12239: 12196: 12177: 12097: 12080: 12007: 11988: 11899: 11886: 11881: 11851: 11846: 11805: 11634:in South Africa 11624:in Sierra Leone 11619:in Saudi Arabia 11349:in Burkina Faso 11304:in Azad Kashmir 11188: 11130: 11105: 11089: 11058: 11028: 11026: 11019: 11010:Intersex people 10991: 10986: 10956: 10951: 10917:UKUSA Agreement 10857:Lublin Triangle 10742:Baltic Assembly 10694: 10688: 10606: 10443: 10278: 10148:Eurolinguistics 10017: 10006:Information age 9979:Interwar period 9846: 9766: 9757: 9727: 9722: 9706: 9680: 9666:Mothers' rights 9644: 9625:Mothers' rights 9598: 9590: 9560: 9555: 9531:Superior orders 9514: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9445: 9387: 9384: 9376: 9332:Peremptory norm 9313: 9308: 9257: 9256: 9255: 9237: 9233: 9228: 9218:(2nd ed. 2007) 9211: 9209:Primary sources 9115:Wayback Machine 9029: 9007: 9005: 8998: 8964:. ANU E Press. 8888: 8823: 8800: 8731: 8665: 8653: 8639:Jaffa, Harry V. 8621: 8590: 8544: 8522: 8460: 8417:Wayback Machine 8384: 8350: 8331: 8312: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8228: 8226: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8180: 8176: 8166: 8164: 8155: 8154: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8122: 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8101: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7968:Foreign Affairs 7960: 7956: 7948: 7944: 7936: 7932: 7924: 7920: 7912: 7908: 7897: 7893: 7885: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7849: 7842: 7834: 7830: 7825:on 18 May 2021. 7815: 7811: 7801: 7799: 7789: 7765: 7761: 7752: 7748: 7740: 7736: 7728: 7724: 7718:Nathwani (2003) 7716: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7646: 7642: 7634: 7630: 7620: 7618: 7607: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7583: 7579: 7573:Shellens (1959) 7571: 7567: 7557: 7555: 7546: 7545: 7541: 7531: 7529: 7520: 7519: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7483: 7479: 7469: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7453: 7443: 7441: 7432: 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3351: 3345: 3309: 3299: 3294: 3278: 3258:Wayback Machine 3188: 3135: 3129: 3096: 3090: 3037: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3015: 2989: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2828:and the French 2814:social contract 2794:, and the 1791 2655: 2649: 2646: 2639:needs expansion 2624: 2618: 2508:, and they are 2467: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2309:Polyculturalism 2205:Civil liberties 2177: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2146:Reappropriation 2048: 2047:Countermeasures 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2036: 1965:Racial steering 1931:Numerus clausus 1835: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1548:Ethnic conflict 1483:Corrective rape 1438: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1073: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 911: 901: 900: 899: 898: 897: 789:HIV/AIDS stigma 661: 653: 652: 651: 650: 649: 598:Mental disorder 540: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 501: 464: 337:Civil liberties 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17278: 17268: 17267: 17262: 17257: 17252: 17247: 17242: 17237: 17232: 17227: 17222: 17220:Egalitarianism 17217: 17212: 17197: 17196: 17184: 17172: 17149: 17148: 17146: 17145: 17135: 17124: 17121: 17120: 17118: 17117: 17112: 17111: 17110: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17089: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17042: 17041: 17039:Reverse racism 17031: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17009:Prisoner abuse 17006: 17001: 16999:Power distance 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16965: 16964: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16917:Ethnic penalty 16914: 16913: 16912: 16910:Neurodiversity 16907: 16897: 16895:Dehumanization 16892: 16887: 16885:Cisnormativity 16882: 16877: 16872: 16866: 16864: 16863:Related topics 16860: 16859: 16857: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16786: 16785: 16784: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16743: 16741: 16737: 16736: 16734: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16721:State religion 16718: 16713: 16708: 16703: 16702: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16676: 16671: 16666: 16661: 16660: 16659: 16657:Nuremberg Laws 16654: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16599:Ghetto benches 16596: 16594:Gerrymandering 16591: 16586: 16581: 16579:Gender pay gap 16576: 16575: 16574: 16569: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16538: 16536: 16533:Discriminatory 16530: 16529: 16527: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16410: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16389: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16362:Lavender scare 16359: 16357:Kill Haole Day 16354: 16352:Indian rolling 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16328: 16327: 16317: 16312: 16311: 16310: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16238:Eliminationism 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16173:Cancel culture 16170: 16165: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16147: 16145: 16144:Manifestations 16141: 16140: 16138: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16040:Middle Eastern 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16006: 16005: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15979: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15874: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15842: 15841: 15836: 15831: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15790: 15788: 15781: 15780: 15778: 15777: 15775:Zoroastrianism 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15751: 15750: 15740: 15739: 15738: 15737: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15706: 15705: 15704: 15702:Untouchability 15699: 15689: 15684: 15683: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15636: 15634: 15628: 15627: 15625: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15613: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15592: 15591: 15590: 15585: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15528:Leprosy stigma 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15394: 15392: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15347: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15281: 15279: 15275: 15274: 15272: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15250: 15248: 15244: 15243: 15240:Discrimination 15236: 15235: 15228: 15221: 15213: 15204: 15203: 15201: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15168:Matching funds 15165: 15160: 15159: 15158: 15148: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15080: 15078: 15077:Further topics 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15019: 15017: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14976: 14974: 14970: 14969: 14967: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14920: 14919: 14909: 14903: 14901: 14892: 14891: 14889: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14837: 14835: 14831: 14830: 14823: 14822: 14815: 14808: 14800: 14791: 14790: 14788: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14756: 14754: 14750: 14749: 14746: 14745: 14743: 14742: 14737: 14731: 14729: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14721: 14715: 14713: 14707: 14706: 14704: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14642: 14640: 14631: 14630:Investigations 14627: 14626: 14623: 14622: 14620: 14619: 14614: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14549: 14543: 14541: 14537: 14536: 14534: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14517: 14515: 14514:States parties 14508: 14504: 14503: 14501: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14479: 14477: 14473: 14472: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14459: 14457: 14456: 14448: 14442: 14436: 14430: 14423: 14421: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14388: 14386: 14382: 14381: 14379: 14378: 14372: 14370: 14363: 14362:UN resolutions 14359: 14358: 14356: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14324: 14322: 14315: 14311: 14310: 14303: 14302: 14295: 14288: 14280: 14271: 14270: 14268: 14267: 14261: 14258: 14257: 14255: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14238: 14236: 14232: 14231: 14229: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14207: 14205: 14201: 14200: 14193: 14192: 14185: 14178: 14170: 14161: 14160: 14146: 14143: 14142: 14140: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14106: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14065: 14063: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14019: 14018: 14008: 14003: 14002: 14001: 13991: 13990: 13989: 13979: 13974: 13973: 13972: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13901: 13900: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13819: 13818: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13765: 13763: 13757: 13756: 13754: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13742: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13703: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13685: 13683: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13674: 13673: 13668: 13666:Western Sahara 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13613: 13612: 13611: 13606: 13596: 13590: 13588: 13582: 13581: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13563: 13562: 13557: 13547: 13546: 13545: 13535: 13530: 13529: 13528: 13523: 13513: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13485: 13483: 13479: 13478: 13476: 13475: 13469: 13463: 13457: 13451: 13445: 13439: 13433: 13426: 13424: 13420: 13419: 13417: 13416: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13363: 13361: 13354: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13343: 13342: 13340:European Union 13332: 13331: 13330: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13304: 13302: 13294: 13293: 13290: 13289: 13287: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13220: 13219: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13177:Envoy on Youth 13174: 13173: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13151: 13149: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13034: 13032: 13027: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13004: 13003: 12998: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12902: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12881: 12880: 12879: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12808: 12806: 12799: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12792: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12775: 12774: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12753: 12752: 12751: 12741: 12740: 12739: 12729: 12728: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12701: 12699: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12685: 12683: 12674: 12668: 12667: 12665: 12664: 12662:Dennis Francis 12655: 12646: 12636: 12633: 12632: 12629:United Nations 12625: 12624: 12617: 12610: 12602: 12593: 12592: 12590: 12589: 12584: 12578: 12576: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12535: 12533: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12430:European Union 12426: 12424: 12418: 12417: 12415: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12378: 12376: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12332: 12330: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12299: 12297: 12293: 12292: 12280:International 12277: 12276: 12269: 12262: 12254: 12245: 12244: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12201: 12198: 12197: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12175: 12174: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12155: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12141:Social Charter 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12115: 12114: 12113: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12086: 12085: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12012: 12009: 12008: 11994: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11986: 11980: 11975: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11954: 11948: 11942: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11915: 11910: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11888: 11887: 11880: 11879: 11872: 11865: 11857: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11757: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11654:in Switzerland 11651: 11646: 11641: 11639:in South Korea 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11574:in North Korea 11571: 11566: 11564:in New Zealand 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11509:in Kyrgyzstan‎ 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11394:in El Salvador 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11319:in Balochistan 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11269:in Afghanistan 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11204:Atrocity crime 11200: 11198: 11194: 11193: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11142: 11136: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11117: 11115: 11111: 11110: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11103: 11097: 11095: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11066: 11064: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11024: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 10996: 10993: 10992: 10985: 10984: 10977: 10970: 10962: 10953: 10952: 10950: 10949: 10947:Westernization 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10927:Visegrád Group 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10867:Nordic Council 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10762:Bucharest Nine 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10727:Arctic Council 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10698: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10639: 10634: 10633: 10632: 10622: 10616: 10614: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10593: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10571: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10525: 10524: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10511: 10510: 10509: 10504: 10503: 10502: 10492: 10491: 10490: 10480: 10479: 10478: 10453: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10439: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10405: 10404: 10403: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10337:Existentialism 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10288: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10277: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10249: 10248: 10247: 10237: 10236: 10235: 10230: 10220: 10219: 10218: 10208: 10203: 10202: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10124: 10123: 10113: 10108: 10107: 10106: 10096: 10095: 10094: 10084: 10083: 10082: 10072: 10067: 10066: 10065: 10055: 10050: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10027: 10025: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10008: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9901: 9896: 9895: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9870:Late antiquity 9862: 9856: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9815: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9785: 9780: 9774: 9772: 9768: 9767: 9756: 9755: 9748: 9741: 9733: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9714: 9712: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9652: 9650: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9589: 9588: 9581: 9574: 9566: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9522: 9520: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9461: 9459: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9416: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9390: 9388: 9383:Crimes against 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9323: 9321: 9315: 9314: 9307: 9306: 9299: 9292: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9265:United Nations 9238: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9226:External links 9224: 9223: 9222: 9210: 9207: 9206: 9205: 9172: 9158:Tierney, Brian 9155: 9142: 9135: 9121:Alston, Philip 9117: 9100: 9082: 9064: 9051: 9044: 9033: 9027: 9014: 8996: 8981: 8972: 8970:978-0731537211 8958: 8948: 8933: 8926: 8912: 8904:"Human Rights" 8899: 8894:Neier, Aryeh. 8892: 8886: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8844: 8842:978-9004147430 8827: 8821: 8808: 8797: 8777: 8769:Littman, David 8765: 8757:Penn Bioethics 8748: 8734: 8730:978-0415420150 8729: 8716: 8706: 8694: 8658: 8651: 8635: 8625: 8619: 8604: 8594: 8588: 8572: 8558: 8548: 8542: 8526: 8520: 8505: 8488: 8474: 8464: 8458: 8445: 8431: 8420: 8402: 8388: 8382: 8369: 8354: 8348: 8335: 8330:978-1904456452 8329: 8316: 8310: 8304:. SUNY Press. 8297: 8279:(3): 755–829. 8269:Alston, Philip 8265: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8205: 8174: 8145: 8115: 8083: 8057: 8031: 8005: 7954: 7942: 7930: 7918: 7906: 7891: 7879: 7875:Littman (1999) 7867: 7855: 7853:, p. 807. 7840: 7828: 7809: 7788:978-9004415492 7787: 7759: 7746: 7734: 7730:Arnhart (1998) 7722: 7710: 7698: 7677:"Human Rights" 7667: 7650:"Human Rights" 7640: 7628: 7601: 7589: 7577: 7565: 7539: 7510: 7477: 7451: 7425: 7399: 7369: 7333: 7303: 7291: 7262: 7232: 7189: 7163: 7137: 7111: 7085: 7059: 7033: 7001: 6969: 6943: 6914: 6888: 6862: 6845: 6819: 6773: 6747: 6721: 6698: 6668: 6662:978-0198254508 6661: 6643: 6641:, p. 309. 6628: 6598: 6596:, p. 311. 6586: 6574: 6548: 6536: 6504: 6472: 6439: 6403: 6372: 6355:Foreign Policy 6339: 6304: 6253: 6220: 6193:(4): 536–550. 6177: 6165:Foreign Policy 6151: 6138:United Nations 6125: 6095: 6083: 6071: 6034: 6019: 6006: 5990: 5973: 5969:Glendon (2001) 5961: 5919: 5910: 5891: 5844: 5808: 5806:, p. 110. 5796: 5766: 5760:978-1116447477 5759: 5741: 5727: 5706: 5680: 5654: 5611: 5605:978-1139483483 5604: 5584: 5567: 5563:Freeman (2002) 5550: 5544:978-1139483483 5543: 5523: 5502:978-9231002595 5501: 5479: 5459: 5457:, p. 265. 5447: 5414: 5391: 5379: 5348: 5336: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5283: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5262:Welfare rights 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5212:Discrimination 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5168: 5165: 5145: 5119:Guantanamo Bay 5110: 5107: 5089: 5054: 5051: 4992: 4989: 4982: 4955:Chee Soon Juan 4938: 4868: 4865: 4852: 4827: 4816: 4799: 4751: 4740: 4737: 4729: 4726: 4692: 4677: 4674: 4666:natural rights 4622:natural rights 4589:Richard Hooker 4581:Thomas Aquinas 4573:Church fathers 4558:Thomas Aquinas 4517:Natural rights 4508: 4507:Natural rights 4505: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4378:Free migration 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4126: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4078: 4069: 4066: 4054:European Union 4001:Main article: 3987: 3984: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3831: 3828: 3808: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3774:Main article: 3760: 3757: 3733: 3730: 3726:local remedies 3718: 3717: 3697: 3665: 3662: 3657: 3656: 3649: 3634: 3627: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3582: 3554:Main article: 3551: 3548: 3523:Main article: 3520: 3517: 3507: 3473:United Nations 3471:Main article: 3468: 3467:United Nations 3465: 3460:Main article: 3457: 3454: 3449: 3446: 3403: 3400: 3344: 3341: 3316:United Nations 3298: 3297:Military force 3295: 3293: 3290: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3244: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3187: 3184: 3171: 3170: 3141:Mahatma Gandhi 3127: 3088: 3033:Main article: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3013: 2988: 2985: 2950:Mahatma Gandhi 2938:women's rights 2859: 2856: 2846: 2822:Claim of Right 2818:Bill of Rights 2767:iura naturalia 2704:natural rights 2672:on 4 July 1776 2657: 2656: 2636: 2634: 2620:Main article: 2617: 2614: 2582:natural rights 2480:principles or 2469: 2468: 2466: 2465: 2458: 2451: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2354:Reverse racism 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2324:Prisoner abuse 2321: 2316: 2314:Power distance 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2232:Ethnic penalty 2229: 2228: 2227: 2225:Neurodiversity 2222: 2212: 2210:Dehumanization 2207: 2202: 2200:Cisnormativity 2197: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2176:Related topics 2175: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2022:State religion 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1958:Nuremberg Laws 1955: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1900:Ghetto benches 1897: 1895:Gerrymandering 1892: 1887: 1882: 1880:Gender pay gap 1877: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1657:Lavender scare 1654: 1652:Kill Haole Day 1649: 1647:Indian rolling 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1612: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1533:Eliminationism 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1468:Cancel culture 1465: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1437:Manifestations 1436: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1327:Middle Eastern 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1057: 1056: 1054:Zoroastrianism 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 985: 984: 983: 981:Untouchability 978: 968: 963: 962: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 931: 926: 921: 915: 914: 913: 912: 907: 906: 903: 902: 896: 895: 890: 885: 884: 883: 878: 873: 863: 862: 861: 856: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 799:Leprosy stigma 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 665: 664: 663: 662: 659: 658: 655: 654: 648: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 616: 615: 610: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 544: 543: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 527: 526: 521: 516: 511: 505: 504: 503: 502: 499: 498: 495: 494: 486: 485: 483:Discrimination 479: 478: 466: 465: 463: 462: 455: 448: 440: 437: 436: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 362:Free migration 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 316: 315: 311: 310: 309: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 252: 251: 246: 236: 231: 226: 225: 224: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 136: 135: 131: 130: 129: 128: 123: 118: 110: 109: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 85: 77: 76: 72: 71: 63: 62: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17277: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17251: 17248: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17236: 17233: 17231: 17228: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17208: 17207: 17205: 17195: 17185: 17183: 17178: 17173: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17160: 17157: 17144: 17136: 17134: 17126: 17125: 17122: 17116: 17113: 17109: 17106: 17105: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17093:Social stigma 17091: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17073: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17040: 17037: 17036: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16963: 16960: 16959: 16958: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16902: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16867: 16865: 16861: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16783: 16780: 16779: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16744: 16742: 16738: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16716:State atheism 16714: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16704: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16681: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16652:Jim Crow laws 16650: 16649: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16637:One-drop rule 16635: 16633: 16631: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16564: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16552:Blood quantum 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16540: 16539: 16537: 16531: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16499:Victimisation 16497: 16495: 16494:Trans bashing 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16464:Religious war 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16444:Racialization 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16394: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16368: 16365: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16326: 16323: 16322: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16315:Glass ceiling 16313: 16309: 16306: 16305: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16258:Ethnic hatred 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16193:Counter-jihad 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16157: 16154: 16153: 16152: 16149: 16148: 16146: 16142: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15977: 15976:United States 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15963: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15858: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15840: 15839:United States 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15826: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15782: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15760:Protestantism 15758: 15756: 15753: 15749: 15746: 15745: 15744: 15741: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15716: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15710: 15707: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15694: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15675:LDS or Mormon 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15657: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15637: 15635: 15633: 15629: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15605:Transmisogyny 15603: 15601: 15598: 15597: 15596: 15593: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15580: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15508:Gerontophobia 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15444: 15441: 15439: 15438:Anti-intersex 15436: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15413:Anti-albinism 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15395: 15393: 15389: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15342: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15282: 15280: 15276: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15254:Institutional 15252: 15251: 15249: 15245: 15241: 15234: 15229: 15227: 15222: 15220: 15215: 15214: 15211: 15199: 15196: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15157: 15154: 15153: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15140: 15137: 15136: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15099:Charity fraud 15097: 15095: 15094:Caffè sospeso 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15075: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15020: 15018: 15016: 15012: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14977: 14975: 14971: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14918: 14915: 14914: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14899:organizations 14893: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14838: 14836: 14832: 14828: 14821: 14816: 14814: 14809: 14807: 14802: 14801: 14798: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14757: 14755: 14751: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14732: 14730: 14726: 14720: 14717: 14716: 14714: 14712: 14708: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14656:Darfur, Sudan 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14643: 14641: 14639: 14635: 14632: 14628: 14618: 14615: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14544: 14542: 14538: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14512: 14509: 14505: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14474: 14469: 14454: 14453: 14449: 14446: 14443: 14440: 14437: 14434: 14431: 14428: 14425: 14424: 14422: 14418: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14383: 14377: 14374: 14373: 14371: 14367: 14364: 14360: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14333: 14329: 14326: 14325: 14323: 14321:International 14319: 14316: 14312: 14308: 14301: 14296: 14294: 14289: 14287: 14282: 14281: 14278: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14259: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14233: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14208: 14206: 14202: 14198: 14191: 14186: 14184: 14179: 14177: 14172: 14171: 14168: 14158: 14157: 14152: 14144: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14107: 14105: 14103: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14073: 14071: 14067: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14050: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14017: 14014: 14013: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14000: 13997: 13996: 13995: 13992: 13988: 13985: 13984: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13971: 13968: 13967: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13940:Treaty Series 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13895: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13817: 13814: 13813: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13791: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13766: 13764: 13762: 13758: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13690: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13680: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13618: 13617: 13614: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13601: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13591: 13589: 13587: 13583: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13552: 13551: 13548: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13518: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13491: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13480: 13473: 13470: 13467: 13464: 13461: 13458: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13446: 13443: 13440: 13437: 13434: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13421: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13394: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13341: 13338: 13337: 13336: 13333: 13329: 13326: 13325: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13300:and observers 13295: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13244:Legal Affairs 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13157: 13156: 13153: 13152: 13150: 13148: 13142: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13025: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12886: 12885: 12882: 12878: 12875: 12874: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12797: 12791: 12788: 12784: 12781: 12780: 12779: 12776: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12757: 12754: 12750: 12747: 12746: 12745: 12742: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12730: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12715: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12706: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12696: 12690: 12687: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12638: 12637: 12634: 12630: 12623: 12618: 12616: 12611: 12609: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12579: 12577: 12575: 12566: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12554:Emergency NGO 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12536: 12534: 12532: 12527: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12427: 12425: 12421:Multi-lateral 12419: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12379: 12377: 12373: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12327:International 12325: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12285:organisations 12283: 12275: 12270: 12268: 12263: 12261: 12256: 12255: 12252: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12202: 12199: 12195: 12194: 12188: 12184: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12107: 12104: 12103: 12100: 12096: 12091: 12087: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12010: 12006: 12005: 11999: 11995: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11952: 11949: 11946: 11943: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11905: 11902: 11898: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11878: 11873: 11871: 11866: 11864: 11859: 11858: 11855: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11808: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11724:in Uzbekistan 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11614:in the Russia 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11494:in Kazakhstan 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11324:in Bangladesh 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11309:in Azerbaijan 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11175:South America 11173: 11171: 11169: 11168:North America 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11140: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11118: 11116: 11114:Organizations 11112: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11036: 11033: 11030: 11022: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10994: 10990: 10983: 10978: 10976: 10971: 10969: 10964: 10963: 10960: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10892:PROSUR/PROSUL 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10787:Craiova Group 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10702:ABCANZ Armies 10700: 10699: 10697: 10691: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10617: 10615: 10613: 10609: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10526: 10520: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10507:Protestantism 10505: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10496: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10469: 10468: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10458: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10446: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10427:Sovereigntism 10425: 10423: 10420: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10410: 10409: 10406: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10347: 10343: 10340: 10339: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10322:Scholasticism 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10281: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10253: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10242: 10241: 10238: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10225: 10224: 10221: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10185: 10182: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10097: 10093: 10090: 10089: 10088: 10085: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10020: 10012: 10011:War on terror 10009: 10007: 10004: 10003: 10002: 9999: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9904:Modern period 9902: 9900: 9897: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9849: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9760:Western world 9754: 9749: 9747: 9742: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9731: 9719: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9709: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9651: 9647: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9594: 9587: 9582: 9580: 9575: 9573: 9568: 9567: 9564: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9517: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9453: 9448: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9431:Slave trading 9429: 9427: 9424: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9411: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9379: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9305: 9300: 9298: 9293: 9291: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9253: 9252: 9251: 9245: 9241: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9212: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9145:Sunga, Lyal S 9143: 9140: 9136: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9086:Hurley, Susan 9083: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9052: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9024: 9020: 9015: 9003: 8999: 8993: 8989: 8988: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8973: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8949: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8931: 8927: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8900: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8879: 8874: 8871: 8867: 8864: 8860: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8832:(ed) (2005). 8831: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8814: 8809: 8806: 8798: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8732: 8726: 8723:. Routledge. 8722: 8717: 8714: 8710: 8709:Köchler, Hans 8707: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8697:Köchler, Hans 8695: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8506: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8489: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8455: 8451: 8446: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8426: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8370: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8341: 8336: 8332: 8326: 8322: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8303: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8245: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8178: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8150: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8119: 8100: 8093: 8087: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8009: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7958: 7952:, p. 70. 7951: 7946: 7940:, p. 68. 7939: 7934: 7927: 7922: 7915: 7914:Tunick (2006) 7910: 7902: 7895: 7889:, p. 25. 7888: 7883: 7876: 7871: 7865:, p. 42. 7864: 7859: 7852: 7851:Alston (2005) 7847: 7845: 7837: 7832: 7824: 7820: 7813: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7763: 7756: 7750: 7743: 7738: 7731: 7726: 7720:, p. 25. 7719: 7714: 7707: 7706:Finnis (1980) 7702: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7671: 7655: 7651: 7644: 7637: 7632: 7616: 7612: 7611:"Natural Law" 7605: 7599: 7593: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7553: 7549: 7543: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7515: 7499:on 1 May 2011 7495: 7488: 7481: 7465: 7461: 7455: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7300: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7267: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7236: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7200: 7193: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7073: 7069: 7063: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7018: 7011: 7005: 6986: 6979: 6973: 6957: 6953: 6947: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6919: 6902: 6898: 6892: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6859: 6855: 6849: 6833: 6829: 6823: 6816: 6790: 6783: 6777: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6735: 6731: 6725: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6702: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6672: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6635: 6633: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6595: 6590: 6584:, p. 95. 6583: 6578: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6546:, p. 92. 6545: 6540: 6524: 6520: 6515: 6508: 6492: 6488: 6487:The Economist 6483: 6476: 6460: 6456: 6451: 6443: 6436: 6420: 6413: 6407: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6376: 6360: 6356: 6351: 6343: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6257: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6181: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6093:, p. 37. 6092: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6038: 6032:, p. 35. 6031: 6026: 6024: 6016: 6010: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5988:, p. 34. 5987: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5970: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5914: 5907: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5848: 5829: 5822: 5820: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5762: 5756: 5752: 5745: 5737: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5710: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5607: 5601: 5597: 5596: 5588: 5581: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5564: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5546: 5540: 5536: 5535: 5527: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5491: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5388: 5383: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5345: 5344:Nickel (2010) 5340: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5307: 5293: 5287: 5278: 5274: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5257:Righteousness 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5192:Animal rights 5190: 5189: 5182: 5180: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5151: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5115: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5088: 5083: 5081: 5080:right to food 5077: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5045:, argue that 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4998: 4981: 4977: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4947: 4943: 4942:Anwar Ibrahim 4937: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4857: 4851: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4833:, Paul Gready 4832: 4826: 4819:Philip Alston 4815: 4808: 4802:Philip Alston 4798: 4794: 4792: 4791:Philip Alston 4788: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4756: 4750: 4745: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4718: 4717:Zhao Tingyang 4714: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4691: 4686: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4661:Frank van Dun 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4644:non-esse Deum 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4609:Thomas Hobbes 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4593:Thomas Hobbes 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4477: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844:globalization 3841: 3837: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3782:African Union 3777: 3770: 3769:African Union 3765: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3670: 3661: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3622:monitors the 3621: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3588:monitors the 3587: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3513: 3506: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3479: 3474: 3463: 3453: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3434:Freedom House 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3392:Bolsa familia 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3367:force-feeding 3364: 3358: 3355: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3190:In 1966, the 3183: 3181: 3180:customary law 3176: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3093: 3087: 3085: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3043:"It is not a 3041: 3036: 3018: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2930:labour unions 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2896:The Liberator 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2737:The medieval 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2712:Enlightenment 2709: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686:the Holocaust 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2644: 2640: 2637:This section 2635: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2590:Enlightenment 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2570:the Holocaust 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2408:Social stigma 2406: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2044: 2043: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2017:State atheism 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1953:Jim Crow laws 1951: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938:One-drop rule 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1853:Blood quantum 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1831: 1830: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1794:Victimisation 1792: 1790: 1789:Trans bashing 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1759:Religious war 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1739:Racialization 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1610:Glass ceiling 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1553:Ethnic hatred 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1488:Counter-jihad 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1434: 1433: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263:United States 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126:United States 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1039:Protestantism 1037: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 994: 991: 990: 989: 986: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 972: 969: 967: 964: 960: 957: 955: 954:LDS or Mormon 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 936: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 910: 905: 904: 894: 891: 889: 886: 882: 879: 877: 876:Transmisogyny 874: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 860: 857: 855: 852: 851: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 779:Gerontophobia 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 709:Anti-intersex 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 684:Anti-albinism 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 657: 656: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 536: 535: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 509:Institutional 507: 506: 497: 496: 492: 488: 487: 484: 481: 480: 476: 472: 471: 461: 456: 454: 449: 447: 442: 441: 439: 438: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 313: 312: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 223: 220: 219: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 139: 138: 137: 133: 132: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 113: 112: 111: 108: 105: 104: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78: 74: 73: 69: 65: 64: 61: 58: 57: 51: 47: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 17260:Universalism 17210:Human rights 16927:Gender-blind 16814:Human rights 16813: 16642:Racial quota 16629: 16609:Jewish quota 16589:Gerontocracy 16584:Gender roles 16562:Disabilities 16547:Blood purity 16519:Wife selling 16509:White flight 16489:Slut-shaming 16469:Scapegoating 16387:Murder music 16060:Palestinians 16003:Anti-Zionism 15871:South Africa 15856:Black people 15834:South Africa 15655:Christianity 15645:Baháʼí Faith 15573:Sectarianism 15513:Heterosexism 15478:Ephebiphobia 15448:Anti-Masonry 15315:Hair texture 15124:Donor intent 15048:CharityWatch 14949:Service club 14924:Crowdfunding 14886:Volunteering 14881:Philanthropy 14554:(elections: 14507:Organisation 14450: 14328:Rome Statute 14252:Protocol III 14147: 14109: 14101: 14047: 13893:Peacekeeping 13868:Interpreters 13788: 13489:Peacekeeping 13407:organization 13308:Full members 13269:Partnerships 13155:Headquarters 12877:peacekeeping 12329:institutions 12289:institutions 12282:human rights 12281: 12191: 12095:Regional law 12094: 12002: 11896: 11729:in Venezuela 11644:in Sri Lanka 11524:in Lithuania 11449:in Indonesia 11429:in Hong Kong 11424:in Guatemala 11294:in Australia 11284:in Argentina 11135:By continent 11063:Distinctions 11044:Positive law 10999: 10989:Human rights 10988: 10937:Western Bloc 10737:AUSCANNZUKUS 10693:Contemporary 10642:Human rights 10641: 10488:Latin Church 10462:Christianity 10412: 10371:Conservatism 10216:contemporary 10053:Architecture 9989:World War II 9949:Emancipation 9944:Abolitionism 9832:Romanization 9827:Roman legacy 9808:Roman Empire 9718:Human rights 9717: 9676:Grandparents 9630:Youth rights 9610:Fetal rights 9372:Rome Statute 9250:Human rights 9248: 9247: 9246:profile for 9243: 9215: 9184: 9180: 9161: 9138: 9124: 9103: 9089: 9070: 9067:Sen, Amartya 9062:(1): 72–100. 9059: 9055: 9050:. MacMillan. 9047: 9036: 9018: 9006:. Retrieved 9002:the original 8986: 8978: 8975: 8961: 8954: 8936: 8929: 8915: 8907: 8895: 8877: 8869: 8862: 8855: 8851: 8833: 8812: 8804: 8793: 8790: 8780:Maan, Bashir 8772: 8760: 8756: 8737: 8720: 8712: 8701: 8673: 8669: 8642: 8628: 8609: 8597: 8579: 8561: 8551: 8533: 8510: 8494: 8491: 8477: 8467: 8449: 8434: 8428: 8424: 8405: 8391: 8373: 8357: 8339: 8320: 8301: 8276: 8272: 8249: 8227:. Retrieved 8218: 8208: 8196:. Retrieved 8187: 8177: 8165:. Retrieved 8138:23 September 8136:. Retrieved 8132:the original 8127: 8118: 8106:. Retrieved 8086: 8074:. Retrieved 8060: 8048:. Retrieved 8034: 8022:. Retrieved 8008: 7996:. Retrieved 7992:the original 7974:(4): 86–96. 7971: 7967: 7957: 7945: 7933: 7921: 7909: 7900: 7894: 7882: 7870: 7858: 7836:Light (2002) 7831: 7823:the original 7812: 7800:. Retrieved 7769: 7762: 7754: 7749: 7737: 7725: 7713: 7701: 7689:. Retrieved 7680: 7670: 7658:. Retrieved 7643: 7636:Kohen (2007) 7631: 7619:. 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In 1993, 4831:Olivia Ball 4781:Karel Vasak 4682:John Finnis 4670:natural law 4513:Natural law 4489:natural law 4403:Development 4343:Association 4238:Transgender 4043:rule of law 3941:Philippines 3873:, based in 3601:convention. 3556:Treaty body 3540:rapporteurs 3396:child labor 3150:Soviet bloc 3114:René Cassin 3049:Magna Carta 3001:World War I 2973:Lieber Code 2971:, the 1864 2803:philosopher 2790:, the 1789 2779:Magna Carta 2739:natural law 2708:natural law 2586:natural law 2551:free speech 2543:enslavement 2518:due process 2514:rule of law 2510:egalitarian 2136:Nonviolence 2131:LGBT rights 2098:Empowerment 2066:Anti-racism 1980:Segregation 1925:No kid zone 1719:Persecution 1632:Hate speech 1583:Gay bashing 1558:Ethnic joke 1513:Dog whistle 1458:Blood libel 1138:Azerbaijani 1034:Neopaganism 1027:Persecution 993:Persecution 976:Persecution 939:Catholicism 866:Transphobia 849:Supremacism 804:Lesbophobia 724:Aporophobia 689:Anti-autism 524:Taste-based 519:Statistical 387:Development 327:Association 222:Transgender 45:Magna Carta 17204:Categories 17103:Stereotype 17098:Speciesism 16979:Oppression 16974:Oikophobia 16870:Allophilia 16854:Toleration 16711:Sodomy law 16604:Internment 16524:Witch-hunt 16402:Blackhawks 16332:Hate group 16320:Hate crime 16293:Gendercide 16283:Freak show 16273:Excellence 16233:Employment 16203:Defamation 16135:Vietnamese 16130:Venezuelan 16020:Lithuanian 15687:Falun Gong 15622:Xenophobia 15617:Vegaphobia 15600:Non-binary 15558:Pedophobia 15523:Homophobia 15345:Skin color 15305:Disability 15278:Attributes 15259:Structural 15156:wealthiest 14912:Foundation 14897:charitable 14856:Compassion 14711:Complaints 14617:Prosecutor 14547:Presidency 14493:War crimes 14332:amendments 14242:Protocol I 14110:Ex Tempore 14102:UN Special 14023:UN Mandate 13482:Activities 13088:UN Tourism 12911:UN-HABITAT 12889:OzonAction 12714:selections 11801:War crimes 11734:in Vietnam 11719:in Ukraine 11609:in Romania 11569:in Nigeria 11554:in Myanmar 11549:in Morocco 11539:in Manipur 11514:in Lebanon 11489:in Kashmir 11464:in Ireland 11419:in Germany 11354:in Burundi 11334:in Bolivia 11329:in Belarus 11314:in Bahrain 11299:in Austria 11289:in Armenia 11274:in Algeria 10897:Rio Treaty 10408:Relativism 10366:Liberalism 10332:Empiricism 10284:Philosophy 10272:Secularism 10223:Philosophy 10160:Literature 9954:Capitalism 9692:Family law 9656:Children's 9436:Starvation 9170:0802848540 9153:0792314530 9133:019825427X 9123:. (1996). 9098:046505224X 9079:0876411510 9008:8 November 8997:9977925186 8945:0719049237 8924:0521794609 8887:9041120025 8822:0312253672 8746:0415326052 8652:0313211493 8589:0691088934 8570:0618701737 8543:0375506926 8486:3900704082 8459:0198761104 8443:0801487765 8383:0802826954 8366:812612119X 8311:0791436934 8263:1887204407 8259:0862103541 7026:28 January 6858:8790744721 6828:"HURIDOCS" 6268:The Lancet 5171:See also: 5160:jus cogens 5126:Derogation 5124:See also: 5037:and other 5015:jus cogens 5011:erga omnes 4995:See also: 4959:John Locke 4732:See also: 4705:biological 4690:manageable 4648:John Locke 4632:omnipotent 4611:founded a 4605:John Locke 4501:John Rawls 4493:David Hume 4393:Linguistic 4368:Fair trial 4250:Minorities 4218:Indigenous 4019:Strasbourg 4007:See also: 3996:Strasbourg 3784:(AU) is a 3736:See also: 3705:war crimes 3420:, such as 3406:See also: 3390:, such as 3347:See also: 3301:See also: 2806:John Locke 2784:common law 2751:St Ambrose 2716:John Locke 2594:John Locke 2553:, and the 2418:Stereotype 2413:Speciesism 2294:Oppression 2289:Oikophobia 2185:Allophilia 2161:Toleration 2012:Sodomy law 1905:Internment 1819:Witch-hunt 1697:Blackhawks 1627:Hate group 1615:Hate crime 1588:Gendercide 1578:Freak show 1568:Excellence 1528:Employment 1498:Defamation 1422:Vietnamese 1417:Venezuelan 1307:Lithuanian 966:Falun Gong 893:Xenophobia 888:Vegaphobia 871:Non-binary 829:Pedophobia 794:Homophobia 608:Skin color 568:Disability 539:Attributes 514:Structural 377:Linguistic 352:Fair trial 234:Minorities 202:Indigenous 17076:Christian 17004:Prejudice 16952:Masculism 16900:Diversity 16694:religious 16669:Redlining 16268:Ethnocide 16228:Education 16120:Ukrainian 16055:Pakistani 16045:Mongolian 15966:Australia 15948:Hungarian 15903:Colombian 15883:Bulgarian 15765:Rastafari 15719:Ahmadiyya 15632:Religious 15610:Trans men 15568:Pregnancy 15503:Gayphobia 15498:Fatphobia 15403:Acephobia 15398:Arophobia 15382:Viewpoint 14895:Types of 14740:Indictees 14735:Detainees 14701:Venezuela 14681:Palestine 14576:Nov. 2009 14571:Jan. 2009 14455:(Germany) 14447:(Ireland) 14235:Protocols 13982:UN reform 13784:Criticism 13682:Elections 13656:Palestine 13543:committee 12951:UN-Oceans 12899:UNEP-WCMC 12783:President 12771:President 12761:Elections 12737:President 12672:UN System 12117:European 11714:in Uganda 11709:in Turkey 11664:in Taiwan 11599:in Poland 11584:in Panama 11544:in Mexico 11529:in Malawi 11504:in Kuwait 11469:in Israel 11404:in France 11364:in Canada 11344:in Brazil 11279:in Angola 10842:Five Eyes 10837:EU–UK TCA 10679:Democracy 10568:Old Norse 10457:Abrahamic 10414:Peritrope 10396:Tolerance 10376:Socialism 10206:Mythology 10194:Classical 10143:Languages 10121:Astrology 9969:Modernism 9783:Old World 9441:War crime 9201:144092745 8763:(4): 4–6. 8690:146136371 8514:. 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669:Arophobia 645:Viewpoint 422:Sexuality 347:Education 271:Prisoners 162:Creditors 157:Consumers 50:sovereign 17245:Politics 17170:Politics 17133:Category 17115:The talk 17051:Snobbery 16969:Net bias 16799:Feminism 16726:Ugly law 16567:Catholic 16535:policies 16382:Mortgage 16377:Lynching 16308:examples 16303:Genocide 16223:Economic 16208:Democide 16168:Bullying 16085:Romanian 16050:Nigerian 15993:Japanese 15928:Georgian 15913:Filipino 15846:Assyrian 15819:Armenian 15809:American 15804:Albanian 15786:National 15770:Yazidism 15692:Hinduism 15650:Buddhism 15553:Nepotism 15548:Misogyny 15543:Misandry 15468:Clannism 15463:Biphobia 15408:Adultism 15325:Language 15173:Telethon 15058:GiveWell 14995:Tzedakah 14861:Donation 14846:Altruism 14638:Official 14435:(Canada) 14420:National 14127:Model UN 14112:magazine 14104:magazine 14033:UN Sacco 13521:drafting 13499:timeline 13494:missions 13397:archives 13013:UN Women 13001:UNU-CRIS 12852:UNCITRAL 12689:Preamble 11985:(UNDROP) 11953:(UNDRIP) 11739:in Yemen 11659:in Syria 11649:in Sudan 11629:in Sindh 11559:in Nepal 11519:in Libya 11499:in Kenya 11484:in Japan 11474:in Italy 11444:in India 11439:in Haiti 11434:in Egypt 11414:in Ghana 11409:in Gabon 11389:in Egypt 11379:in China 11369:in Chile 11234:Genocide 11005:Children 10902:Schengen 10832:Eurozone 10672:Property 10667:Religion 10558:Frankish 10548:Germanic 10528:Paganism 10449:Religion 10437:European 10349:Humanism 10252:Religion 10211:Painting 10177:Internet 10128:Folklore 10099:Clothing 10070:Calendar 10046:Cyrillic 10031:Alphabet 9994:Cold War 9685:See also 9671:Parents' 9661:Fathers' 9603:Elements 9409:Genocide 9160:(1997). 9111:Archived 9069:(1997). 8856:Vol. 105 8786:(1999). 8699:(1981). 8641:(1979). 8578:(2001). 8532:(2001). 8413:Archived 8223:Archived 8192:Archived 8161:Archived 8099:Archived 8070:Archived 8044:Archived 8018:Archived 7988:20050228 7802:10 March 7685:Archived 7654:Archived 7615:Archived 7552:Archived 7526:Archived 7464:Archived 7438:Archived 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3937:Malaysia 3875:San José 3840:Cold War 3830:Americas 3508:— 3493:and the 3412:Activism 3337:removing 3254:Archived 3175:Cold War 3128:— 3089:— 3059:in 1949. 3014:— 2847:— 2730:and the 2650:May 2022 2608:and the 2547:genocide 2430:The talk 2366:Snobbery 2284:Net bias 2108:Feminism 2027:Ugly law 1868:Catholic 1834:Policies 1677:Mortgage 1672:Lynching 1603:examples 1598:Genocide 1518:Economic 1503:Democide 1463:Bullying 1372:Romanian 1337:Nigerian 1280:Japanese 1215:Georgian 1200:Filipino 1133:Assyrian 1106:Armenian 1096:American 1091:Albanian 1071:national 1049:Yazidism 971:Hinduism 929:Buddhism 824:Nepotism 819:Misogyny 814:Misandry 739:Clannism 734:Biphobia 679:Adultism 588:Language 475:a series 473:Part of 392:Property 382:Movement 322:Assembly 286:Students 261:Peasants 256:Patients 207:Intersex 172:Disabled 152:Children 17250:Society 17215:Culture 17156:Portals 17143:Commons 16922:Figleaf 16347:Housing 16115:Turkish 16065:Pashtun 16035:Mexican 16015:Kurdish 15988:Italian 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16075:Quebec 16070:Polish 16010:Korean 15971:Canada 15958:Indian 15943:Hazara 15918:Fulani 15829:France 15794:Afghan 15729:Sufism 15458:Audism 15391:Social 15320:Height 15033:Candid 14691:Uganda 14552:Judges 14476:Crimes 13960:UN Day 13898:Canada 13774:CCISUA 13636:Israel 13621:Cyprus 13474:(1945) 13468:(1945) 13462:(1944) 13456:(1943) 13450:(1943) 13444:(1942) 13438:(1941) 13432:(1941) 13202:Vienna 13187:Geneva 13078:UNESCO 12996:UNU-OP 12971:UNRISD 12966:UNOSAT 12946:UNITAR 12941:UNIDIR 12936:UNICRI 12931:UNICEF 12847:UNCTAD 12837:UNAIDS 12529:Major 12423:bodies 11974:(VDPA) 11920:(UDHR) 11771:Murder 11163:Europe 11146:Africa 11000:Humans 10767:CANZUK 10657:Speech 10585:Slavic 10563:Gothic 10538:Celtic 10533:Baltic 10432:Values 10233:Values 9793:Greece 9596:rights 9593:Family 9426:Piracy 9242:has a 9199: 9168: 9151: 9131: 9108:online 9096: 9077: 9041:online 9025: 8994: 8968: 8943: 8922: 8884: 8840: 8819: 8794:Vol. 3 8744: 8727: 8688: 8649: 8633:online 8617: 8586: 8568: 8540: 8518: 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12296:Types 11015:Women 10922:USMCA 10777:CEFTA 10732:AUKUS 10722:ANZUS 10717:ANZUK 10662:Press 10580:Roman 10245:Sport 10189:Chant 10184:Music 10172:Media 10165:Canon 10111:Dance 10041:Latin 10036:Greek 9882:early 9244:topic 9197:S2CID 8686:S2CID 8666:(PDF) 8499:JSTOR 8289:S2CID 8102:(PDF) 8095:(PDF) 7984:JSTOR 7817:赵汀阳. 7793:S2CID 7497:(PDF) 7490:(PDF) 7356:(PDF) 7349:ASEAN 7345:(PDF) 7316:ASEAN 7215:(PDF) 7202:(PDF) 7020:(PDF) 7013:(PDF) 6988:(PDF) 6981:(PDF) 6792:(PDF) 6785:(PDF) 6611:OHCHR 6529:8 May 6422:(PDF) 6415:(PDF) 6365:5 May 6330:JSTOR 6295:S2CID 6246:4 May 6240:(PDF) 6233:(PDF) 6211:S2CID 6108:OHCHR 5882:JSTOR 5831:(PDF) 5824:(PDF) 5510:(PDF) 5493:(PDF) 5302:Notes 5247:Needs 4577:pagan 4549:Latin 4527:Plato 4322:Youth 4312:Women 4228:Kings 3631:ICRMW 3606:CEDAW 3579:ICCPR 3333:Qatar 2883:Hegel 2530:right 2486:human 2482:norms 2478:moral 2401:white 1734:Purge 1392:Tatar 1317:Māori 1312:Malay 1270:Irish 1220:Greek 1195:Croat 1153:China 1111:Asian 988:Islam 854:White 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