180:) followed a cautious policy and remained loyal to Iranian rule. Arghutian, on the other hand, was a strong supporter of Russian expansion into the South Caucasus and believed that Armenians should adopt a pro-Russian orientation. He criticized the leaders of the Armenian Church for their cautious attitude towards Russia. Simeon and Ghukas both distanced themselves from Arghutian's pro-Russian activities to avoid provoking their Iranian overlords. Thus, Arghutian was able to act independently from the Catholicos in Ejmiatsin. Historian
267:
590:
27:
599:, p. 14: "Before he was elected catholicos—head of the Armenian Church—in 1800, Archbishop Iosif Argutinskii-Dolgorukov (Hovsep Arghutian) of Astrakhan advised Catherine the Great and statesman Grigorii Potemkin on Caucasian affairs. He also advocated for Russia’s annexation of the South Caucasus from Persia and published with royal approval a history of Russo-Armenian relations".
219:, and Novita) to house the Armenian migrants. From 1780, Arghutian was also the spiritual leader of the Armenians of Crimea. Arghutian cultivated close relationships with the Russian imperial family and aristocracy and hoped to use these relationships to bring about the liberation of Armenia. He was close to Catherine the Great and was a personal friend of her powerful favorite
314:, who was uninterested in the South Caucasus, to reconsider his policy. In 1799, Paul I presented Arghutian with a decree declaring that the Armenians were under the Tsar's protection. Arghutian participated in the composition of the emperor's 1799 proclamation which established uniform privileges for the Armenian communities of Grigoriopol, Crimea,
352:
After the death of
Catholicos Ghukas in 1799, Arghutian emerged as one of the five candidates for the position. He was elected Catholicos of Ejmiatsin in 1800 with the help of significant pressure from Russia. On 28 July 1800, Paul I recognized Arghutian as the Catholicos of All Armenians. However,
338:
Arghutian collaborated with the wealthy Indo-Armenian merchant Grigor
Khaldarian to found the first Armenian printing house in Russia. Khaldarian moved his printing press from London to Saint Petersburg in 1781, most likely with Arghutian's help. Arghutian commissioned most, if not practically all,
254:
became a protectorate of Russia, encouraged
Arghutian to increase his diplomatic efforts. The same year, Arghutian presented a proposal for a Russian-Armenian alliance to the Russian court which envisioned the creation of an Armenian state under Russian suzerainty. According to the proposal, the
343:
to gain financial support for his printing activities. Through
Arghutian's efforts, more than forty books were published by the Russian-Armenian printing press. He also authored and printed several works on religious topics. The printing press remained active until Arghutian's death in 1801.
227:. He advised Catherine and Potemkin on Russia's policy in the South Caucasus. Arghutian also maintained correspondence with representatives of the Armenian settlements in Russia, Catholicos Ghukas, the Armenian communities of Georgia and India, various Russian statesmen, the Georgian kings
281:
ended without the annexation of
Armenia. They continued to appeal to Catherine to establish an Armenian kingdom, but the empress suggested nothing more than the immigration of Armenians to Russian and Georgian territory. In 1792, at Potemkin and Arghutian's initiative, the settlement of
795:
309:
and called on
Armenians to aid the Russian army. He greatly assisted the campaign with his knowledge of the region and its languages. However, the expedition was cut short because of Catherine the Great's death in November 1796. Arghutian attempted to convince the new tsar
259:, and would be represented by an envoy in St. Petersburg. The proposal contained descriptions of an Armenian flag and coat of arms. Arghutian and Lazarev also presented a more radical alliance proposal drafted by the Indo-Armenian merchant
339:
of the books published by
Khaldarian's press. He bought the printing press from Khaldarian's widow in 1789 and moved it to Nakhichevan-on-Don and, later, to Astrakhan. Arghutian used his connections with wealthy
126:
house. His father, Shiosh-Bek, held a position in the
Georgian court; his mother's name was Ketevan. He had three brothers, Movses, Parsadan and Bezhan, and one sister, Mariam. He received his education at
869:
871:
Eastern
Armenia in the Last Decades of Persian Rule 1807–1828: A Political and Socioeconomic Study of the Khanate of Erevan on the Eve of the Russian Conquest
330:, Arghutian actively opposed Catholic influence upon Armenians while fostering an atmosphere of mutual tolerance between the Armenian and Russian churches.
1023:
809:
212:
848:
The
Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century
239:
and many other figures. Copies of many of his letters have been preserved, which serve as important sources for the study of the period.
216:
894:
From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801–1813
1043:
255:
future Armenian kingdom would be protected by Russian troops paid for by the Armenians. Armenia would have a trade port on the
774:
69:. He co-founded the first Armenian press in Russia and directed its activities. He had a close personal relationship with
357:(Tbilisi) on 9 March 1801 while traveling to Ejmiatsin to take up his position and was never consecrated as catholicos.
905:
149:). He was consecrated a bishop by Catholicos Simeon in 1769 and made primate of the Russian-Armenian diocese in 1773.
972:
879:
855:
829:
278:
188:
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again raised Armenian hopes of gaining autonomy through Russian assistance. Catholicos Simeon and his successor
990:
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945:
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136:
86:
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306:
82:
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met with Potemkin to discuss Russia's policies towards the Caucasus and Armenia. The signing of the
184:
describes Arghutian as “a major participant in swaying the Armenians toward a Russian orientation.”
81:
and sought Russian support for the creation of an Armenian state. He personally participated in the
65:. He played a key role in the establishment of Armenian settlements in Russia, most notably that of
115:
287:
271:
243:
228:
843:
762:
Early Modernity and Mobility: Port Cities and Printers Across the Armenian Diaspora, 1512–1800
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817:
766:
236:
232:
132:
119:
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260:
247:
191:, Catherine the Great enlisted Arghutian's help to oversee the migration of around 12,600
8:
340:
192:
158:
139:
70:
77:
and advised them on Russia's policies in the Caucasus region. Arghutian was a committed
803:
196:
181:
66:
968:
901:
875:
851:
842:(1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation". In
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770:
378:
224:
128:
38:
897:
311:
220:
74:
50:
20:
936:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Haykakan Hanragitaran hratarakchʻutʻyun. pp. 155–157.
157:
Arghutian's appointment came at a time of increased Russian-Armenian interaction.
941:
917:
760:
327:
170:
166:
162:
62:
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208:
200:
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Russia's Entangled Embrace: The Tsarist Empire and the Armenians, 1801-1914
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94:
283:
256:
78:
266:
122:
noble family, which claimed descent from the medieval Georgian-Armenian
920:(2002). "Arghutʻyan Hovsepʻ Shioshbeki". In Ayvazyan, Hovhannes (ed.).
295:
784:
Barkhudarian, V. (1976). "Arghutian Hovsep". In Simonian, Abel (ed.).
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315:
58:
291:
26:
263:, although neither proposal appears to have resulted in anything.
61:
archbishop who served as the religious leader of Armenians in the
354:
319:
204:
111:
323:
195:
to Russia in 1778. In 1780, Arghutian helped found the town of
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999:] (in Armenian). Vol. IX. Tiflis: Tp. N. Aghanean.
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Diwan hayotsʻ patmutʻean: Yovsēpʻ katʻoighikos Arghutʻean
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658:
542:
997:
Archive of Armenian History: Catholicos Hovsep Arghutian
527:
242:
In 1780, Arghutian and the influential Russian-Armenian
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712:
688:
673:
617:
496:
457:
422:
822:
Armenians and Russia (1626-1796): A Documentary Record
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who had suffered during the latest Russo-Turkish war.
794:] (in Armenian). Vol. 2. Yerevan. p.
474:
472:
347:
45:; 23 May 1743 – 9 March 1801), known in Russian as
277:Arghutian and Lazarev were disappointed after the
958:(in Armenian). Tiflis: Tparan T․ M․ Ṛōtineantsʻi.
1005:
469:
290:) was founded and populated with Armenians from
962:
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398:
105:
824:. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers.
783:
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110:Hovsep Arghutian was born on 23 May 1743 in
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874:. Malibu, California: Undena Publications.
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838:
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305:, Arghutian personally participated in the
808:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
916:
521:
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307:Russian expedition against Persia in 1796
19:For the Armenian military commander, see
967:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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706:
694:
682:
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265:
25:
1024:Armenian people from the Russian Empire
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83:Russian campaign against Persia in 1796
30:Portrait of Archbishop Hovsep Arghutian
1006:
333:
940:
478:
97:in 1801 and was never consecrated.
13:
982:
341:merchants in the Armenian diaspora
93:) in 1800, but died on his way to
14:
1060:
963:Badalyan Riegg, Stephen (2020).
923:Kʻristonya Hayastan hanragitaran
348:Election as catholicos and death
16:18th-century Armenian archbishop
989:Aghaneantsʻ, Giwt, ed. (1911).
787:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
759:Aslanian, Sebouh David (2023).
752:
353:Arghutian fell ill and died in
175:
144:
947:Hovsēpʻ katʻoghikos Arghutʻean
929:Christian Armenia encyclopedia
850:. Macmillan. pp. 81–107.
388:
367:
279:Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792
189:Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774
1:
1044:18th-century Armenian writers
410:
57:), was an eighteenth-century
792:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
415:
203:) and five nearby villages (
131:and then at the seminary at
100:
55:Иосиф Аргутинский-Долгоруков
7:
952:Catholicos Hovsep Arghutian
106:Early life and consecration
87:Catholicos of All Armenians
47:Iosif Argutinsky-Dolgorukov
10:
1065:
18:
399:
382:
326:. According to historian
270:Arghutian's collaborator
252:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
135:, where he studied under
118:. He was a member of the
54:
42:
360:
187:In the aftermath of the
288:Gregory the Illuminator
866:Bournoutian, George A.
840:Bournoutian, George A.
818:Bournoutian, George A.
274:
250:in 1783, by which the
161:'s victories over the
31:
767:Yale University Press
301:At the invitation of
269:
120:Argutinsky-Dolgorukov
29:
1029:18th-century bishops
844:Hovannisian, Richard
261:Shahamir Shahamirian
248:Treaty of Georgievsk
165:and interest in the
153:Archbishop in Russia
890:Bournoutian, George
709:, pp. 296–297.
597:Badalyan Riegg 2020
493:, pp. 155–156.
334:Printing activities
286:(named after Saint
159:Catherine the Great
71:Catherine the Great
275:
237:meliks of Karabakh
197:Nakhichevan-on-Don
182:George Bournoutian
67:Nakhichevan-on-Don
32:
1049:Armenian nobility
1039:Armenian printers
776:978-0-300-24753-4
572:, p. 251, note 1.
452:Barkhudarian 1976
395:Reformed spelling
225:Alexander Suvorov
193:Crimean Armenians
140:Simeon of Yerevan
129:Sanahin Monastery
114:in the region of
85:. He was elected
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1034:Armenian bishops
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400:Հովսեփ Արղության
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221:Grigory Potemkin
179:
178: 1780–1799
177:
148:
147: 1763–1780
146:
75:Grigory Potemkin
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43:Յովսէփ Արղութեան
35:Hovsep Arghutian
21:Hovsep Arghutian
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89:(leader of the
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672:
657:
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638:, p. 423.
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616:
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601:
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522:Chobanyan 2002
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745:, p. 32.
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731:Aslanian 2023
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695:Aslanian 2023
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683:Aslanian 2023
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272:Ivan Lazarev
244:Ivan Lazarev
241:
229:Heraclius II
223:and General
186:
156:
109:
46:
34:
33:
1019:1801 deaths
1014:1743 births
375:Arghutiants
284:Grigoriopol
257:Caspian Sea
213:Sultan Sala
1008:Categories
411:References
383:Արղութեանց
296:Bessarabia
233:George XII
137:Catholicos
79:Russophile
804:cite book
416:Citations
316:Astrakhan
133:Ejmiatsin
101:Biography
95:Ejmiatsin
944:(1902).
892:(2021).
868:(1982).
820:(2001).
479:Leo 1902
379:Armenian
292:Moldavia
163:Ottomans
59:Armenian
39:Armenian
846:(ed.).
320:Kizlyar
205:Chaltyr
124:Zakarid
112:Sanahin
51:Russian
971:
954:]
932:]
904:
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355:Tiflis
324:Mozdok
322:, and
312:Paul I
235:, the
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