2035:
rescinded the policy one month after the uprising: 96% of Black schools chose
English (over Afrikaans or native languages) as the language of instruction. Afrikaans-medium schools were also accused of using language policy to deter Black African parents. Some of these parents, in part supported by provincial departments of education, initiated litigation which enabled enrolment with English as language of instruction. By 2006 there were 300 single-medium Afrikaans schools, compared to 2,500 in 1994, after most converted to dual-medium education. Due to Afrikaans being viewed as the "language of the white oppressor" by some, pressure has been increased to remove Afrikaans as a teaching language in South African universities, resulting in bloody student protests in 2015.
1559:
1927:
4668:
1991:
1645:
10291:
1078:
1693:
716:
2433:(TV and radio), and general status throughout the country, given that it now shares its place as official language with ten other languages. Nevertheless, Afrikaans remains more prevalent in the media – radio, newspapers and television – than any of the other official languages, except English. More than 300 book titles in Afrikaans are published annually. South African census figures suggest a decreasing number of first language Afrikaans speakers in South Africa from 13.5% in 2011 to 10.6% in 2022. The
10006:
1717:
1885:
9992:
1152:
2402:
1861:
329:
966:
1837:
1789:
1621:
9978:
1669:
1765:
546:
1741:
1813:
350:
530:
2592:
1236:
513:
551:
550:
547:
532:
536:
535:
531:
2448:
pay channels and several internet sites, while generating high newspaper and music CD sales. A resurgence in
Afrikaans popular music since the late 1990s has invigorated the language, especially among a younger generation of South Africans. A recent trend is the increased availability of pre-school
4681:
Following early dialectal studies of
Afrikaans, it was theorised that three main historical dialects probably existed after the Great Trek in the 1830s. These dialects are the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape dialects. Northern Cape dialect may have resulted from contact between Dutch
1998:
Afrikaans is also widely spoken in
Namibia. Before independence, Afrikaans had equal status with German as an official language. Since independence in 1990, Afrikaans has had constitutional recognition as a national, but not official, language. There is a much smaller number of Afrikaans speakers
1019:
people, who were valued as interpreters, domestic servants, and labourers. Many free and enslaved women married or cohabited with the male Dutch settlers. M. F. Valkhoff argued that 75% of children born to female slaves in the Dutch Cape Colony between 1652 and 1672 had a Dutch father. Sarah Grey
552:
4686:
people between the Great Karoo and the Kunene, and
Eastern Cape dialect between the Dutch and the Xhosa. Remnants of these dialects still remain in present-day Afrikaans, although the standardising effect of Standard Afrikaans has contributed to a great levelling of differences in modern times.
2529:
market". In April 2009, SABC3 started screening several
Afrikaans-language programmes. There is a groundswell movement within Afrikaans to be inclusive, and to promote itself along with the indigenous official languages. In Namibia, the percentage of Afrikaans speakers declined from 11.4% (2001
537:
2034:
of a majority of South
Africans. Afrikaans is more widely spoken than English in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, several hundred kilometres from Soweto. The Black community's opposition to Afrikaans and preference for continuing English instruction was underlined when the government
7742:
A few short words in
Afrikaans take initial apostrophes. In modern Afrikaans, these words are always written in lower case (except if the entire line is uppercase), and if they occur at the beginning of a sentence, the next word is capitalised. Three examples of such apostrophed words are
1342:
of the 17th century. Their religious practices were later influenced in South Africa by
British ministries during the 1800s. A landmark in the development of the language was the translation of the whole Bible into Afrikaans. While significant advances had been made in the
517:
2166:. Dutch speakers are confronted with fewer non-cognates when listening to Afrikaans than the other way round. Mutual intelligibility thus tends to be asymmetrical, as it is easier for Dutch speakers to understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch.
549:
515:
1069:, "and indeed for some time afterwards, Afrikaans was regarded as inappropriate for educated discourse. Rather, Afrikaans was described derogatorily as 'a kitchen language' or 'a bastard jargon', suitable for communication mainly between the Boers and their servants."
520:
519:
514:
534:
17144:
521:
2142:
An estimated 90 to 95 percent of the
Afrikaans lexicon is ultimately of Dutch origin, and there are few lexical differences between the two languages. Afrikaans has a considerably more regular morphology, grammar, and spelling. There is a high degree of
12120:
Oranje FM, Radio Sonder Grense, Jacaranda FM, Radio Pretoria, Rapport, Beeld, Die Burger, Die Son, Afrikaans news is run everyday; the PRAAG website is a web-based news service. On pay channels, it is provided as second language on all sports,
518:
1447:
In 1983 a fresh translation marked the 50th anniversary of the 1933 version. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg and W. Kempen. This translation was influenced by
11193:
3698:
2046:, and has equal status to English and nine other languages. The new policy means that the use of Afrikaans is now often reduced in favour of English, or to accommodate the other official languages. In 1996, for example, the
2524:
announced early in 2009 that it would increase Afrikaans programming due to the "growing Afrikaans-language market and need for working capital as Afrikaans advertising is the only advertising that sells in the current
14207:
Phaswana, Khelebeni (2003). "Contradiction or affirmation? The South African language policy and the South African national government". In Sinfree Makoni; Geneva Smitherman; Arnetha Ball; Arthur K. Spears (eds.).
5228:(London, 1948). The Huguenots were responsible for a great linguistic contribution to Afrikaans, particularly in terms of military terminology as many of them fought on the battlefields during the wars of the
3700:
11267:
7871:
The apostrophe and the following letter are regarded as two separate characters, and are never written using a single glyph, although a single character variant of the indefinite article appears in Unicode,
548:
2022:
in response to the government's decision that Afrikaans be used as the language of instruction for half the subjects taught in non-White schools (with English continuing for the other half). Although
533:
14384:
4750:
words were brought into Afrikaans. Some of these words entered Dutch via people arriving from what is now known as Indonesia as part of their colonial heritage. Malay words in Afrikaans include:
11215:
12260:
462:
516:
11086:
816:, during the course of the 18th century. As early as the mid-18th century and as recently as the mid-20th century, Afrikaans was known in standard Dutch as a 'kitchen language' (Dutch:
11497:
2449:
educational CDs and DVDs. Such media also prove popular with the extensive Afrikaans-speaking emigrant communities who seek to retain language proficiency in a household context.
1020:
Thomason and Terrence Kaufman argue that Afrikaans' development as a separate language was "heavily conditioned by nonwhites who learned Dutch imperfectly as a second language."
11438:
12948:
12921:
11418:
7751:. The last (the indefinite article) is the only apostrophed word that is common in modern written Afrikaans, since the other examples are shortened versions of other words (
1105:
1096:
In 1925 Afrikaans was recognised by the South African government as a distinct language, rather than simply a vernacular of Dutch. On 8 May 1925, that is 23 years after the
11289:
11171:
3699:
3415:
The double negative construction has been fully grammaticalised in standard Afrikaans and its proper use follows a set of fairly complex rules as the examples below show:
13737:
12104:
5220:, 100,000 had received military training. A measure of the calibre of these immigrants and of their acceptance by host countries (in particular South Africa) is given by
11654:
11545:
10426:
Heeringa, Wilbert; de Wet, Febe; van Huyssteen, Gerhard B. (2015). "The origin of Afrikaans pronunciation: a comparison to west Germanic languages and Dutch dialects".
11259:
985:
10640:
Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 2000: Linguistics, Language and the Professions: Education, Journalism, Law, Medicine, and Technology
1419:, lit. 'Gospel according to Mark'); however, this translation was never published. The manuscript is to be found in the South African National Library, Cape Town.
13222:
Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.),
820:), lacking the prestige accorded, for example, even by the educational system in Africa, to languages spoken outside Africa. Other early epithets setting apart
5235:
Most of the words in this list are descendants from Dutch borrowings from French, Old French or Latin, and are not direct influences from French on Afrikaans.
14686:
15264:
13787:
12158:
2498:
was also released in 2011. The Afrikaans film industry started gaining international recognition via the likes of big Afrikaans Hollywood film stars, like
12189:
17119:
1391:
1120:
reversed the position of Afrikaans and Dutch, so that English and Afrikaans were the official languages, and Afrikaans was deemed to include Dutch. The
14209:
1191:
14529:
2572:
Afrikaans is offered at many universities outside South Africa, including in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Russia and the United States.
1188:
The first grammar book was published in 1876; a bilingual dictionary was later published in 1902. The main modern Afrikaans dictionary in use is the
12023:
5217:
2441:. Afrikaans speakers experience higher employment rates than other South African language groups, though as of 2012 half a million were unemployed.
11060:
1054:('Society for Real Afrikaners'), and published a number of books in Afrikaans including grammars, dictionaries, religious materials and histories.
17:
11471:"Asikhulume! African Languages for all: a powerful strategy for spearheading transformation and improvement of the South African education system"
10696:
den Besten, Hans (1989). "From Khoekhoe foreignertalk via Hottentot Dutch to Afrikaans: the creation of a novel grammar". In Pütz; Dirven (eds.).
7601:. Diacritics are ignored when alphabetising, though they are still important, even when typing the diacritic forms may be difficult. For example,
17601:
16674:
12267:
11525:
11216:"2011 Census: Detailed analysis – English language proficiency in parts of the United Kingdom, Main language and general health characteristics"
10616:
2569:
also speak Afrikaans as a second language. It is widely taught in South African schools, with about 10.3 million second-language students.
2444:
Despite the challenges of demotion and emigration that it faces in South Africa, the Afrikaans vernacular remains competitive, being popular in
17828:
16890:
14418:
13971:
McLean, Daryl; McCormick, Kay (1996), "English in South Africa 1940–1996", in Fishman, Joshua A.; Conrad, Andrew W.; Rubal-Lopez, Alma (eds.),
10522:
7654:
primary function is to place emphasis on a word (i.e. for emphatic reasons), by adding it to the emphasised syllable of the word. For example,
5216:
exodus from France. It is estimated that between 250,000 and 300,000 Protestants left France between 1685 and 1700; out of these, according to
14623:
14480:
13189:
11090:
8109:
Found only in borrowed words or proper nouns; the former pronunciation occurs before 'e', 'i', or 'y'; featured in the Latinate plural ending
17149:
13665:
13300:
Brook Napier, Diane (2007), "Languages, language learning, and nationalism in South Africa", in Schuster, Katherine; Witkosky, David (eds.),
12599:
10036:
4459:
2466:
in 1998, is seen as the dawn of a new era in Afrikaans cinema. Several short films have been created and more feature-length movies, such as
15639:
14717:
12956:
12933:
12575:
Szpiech, Ryan; W. Coetzee, Andries; García-Amaya, Lorenzo; Henriksen, Nicholas; L. Alberto, Paulina; Langland, Victoria (14 January 2019).
10920:
12049:
11963:
11845:
3187:
All other verbs use the perfect tense, het + past participle (ge-), for the past. Therefore, there is no distinction in Afrikaans between
15437:
14111:
1456:
which focused on finding the nearest equivalent in the receptor language to the idea that the Greek, Hebrew or Aramaic wanted to convey.
1003:
women, and slaves contributed to the development of Afrikaans. The slave population was made up of people from East Africa, West Africa,
11511:
11435:
13820:
Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M. (2004), "The language planning situation in South Africa", in Baldauf, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert B. (eds.),
12805:
10916:
10100:
4633:
4557:
2434:
2068:
overseas now display the name of the country only in English and their host country's language, and not in Afrikaans. Meanwhile, the
1999:
among Zimbabwe's white minority, as most have left the country since 1980. Afrikaans was also a medium of instruction for schools in
1101:
10492:
1171:
from 1795 and a dialogue transcribed by a Dutch traveller in 1825. Afrikaans used the Latin alphabet around this time, although the
13646:
12239:
17112:
12856:. Vol. 22–24. Bureau for Scientific Publications of the Foundation for Education, Science and Technology. 1999. p. 157.
11994:
11281:
10890:
10105:
10058:
2425:
Afrikaans is an official language of the Republic of South Africa and a recognised national language of the Republic of Namibia.
735:
13724:
12085:
11589:
10518:
10191:
The changed spelling rule was introduced in article 1, rule 3, of the Dutch "orthography law" of 14 February 1947. In 1954 the
10049:
2047:
12576:
12131:
11651:
1043:, started to appear in newspapers and political and religious works in around 1850 (alongside the already established Dutch).
14597:
14589:
13373:
12816:
11555:
11383:
11355:
11349:
11133:
10991:
10779:
10680:
10651:
10355:
10326:
9895:
Al gaan ek ook in 'n dal van doodskaduwee, ek sal geen onheil vrees nie; want U is met my: u stok en u staf die vertroos my.
4747:
1409:
translators. Important landmarks in the translation of the Scriptures were in 1878 with C. P. Hoogehout's translation of the
14232:
Proost, Kristel (2006), "Spuren der Kreolisierung im Lexikon des Afrikaans", in Proost, Kristel; Winkler, Edeltraud (eds.),
12885:
11237:
957:
So Afrikaans, in his view, is neither a creole nor a direct descendant of Dutch, but a fusion of two transmission pathways.
15254:
12733:
11399:
3314:
Both French and San origins have been suggested for double negation in Afrikaans. While double negation is still found in
2174:
17594:
16667:
12677:
11622:
11034:
10917:"Speech by the Minister of Art and Culture, N Botha, at the 30th anniversary festival of the Afrikaans Language Monument"
4524:
4142:
3552:; although one does not have to write or say it like this, virtually all Afrikaans speakers will change the two words to
2323:
495:
16166:
1562:
The geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: proportion of the population that speaks Afrikaans at home.
1300:
17808:
17105:
16883:
12284:
11898:
11149:
10862:"Language Planning & Policy: Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa"
10816:
1387:
form of Dutch. This was hard for Dutch speakers to understand, and increasingly unintelligible for Afrikaans speakers.
1199:
1121:
1117:
2072:, which went into effect in 1998, declares Afrikaans to be an official language of the province alongside English and
1272:
17818:
14613:
14470:
14454:
14438:
14367:
14336:
14305:
14274:
14243:
14222:
14191:
14164:
14094:
14067:
14036:
14011:
13986:
13955:
13931:
13862:
13831:
13770:
13707:
13614:
13583:
13552:
13513:
13490:
13455:
13424:
13391:
13365:
13360:
Den Besten, Hans (2012), "Speculations of -elision and intersonorantic in Afrikaans", in van der Wouden, Ton (ed.),
13336:
13311:
13284:
13231:
13172:
13139:
13110:
13083:
13056:
13025:
12787:
12743:
12661:
12098:
11331:
Frydman, Jenna (2011). "A Critical Analysis of Namibia's English-only language policy". In Bokamba, Eyamba G. (ed.).
2639:
2137:
1333:
1319:
1143:, and the 50th anniversary of Afrikaans being declared an official language of South Africa in distinction to Dutch.
653:
604:
269:
14507:
2621:
17139:
14710:
14680:
11334:
Selected proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference on African Linguistics – African languages and linguistics today
10876:
10090:
10071:
4453:
4366:
2069:
1109:
264:
14646:
13802:
12760:
17823:
13788:"The influence of spelling conventions on perceived plurality in compounds. A comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch."
10193:
4439:
4124:
3948:
3939:
2429:
has seen a loss of preferential treatment by the government for Afrikaans, in terms of education, social events,
1279:
1049:
485:
12834:"An overview of grass species used for thatching in the Zambezi, Kavango East and Kavango West Regions, Namibia"
12166:
5077:
meaning 'scholar' or 'student"', but used to mean someone who is a student of/expert on a certain subject, i.e.
17833:
17813:
17798:
17587:
16660:
13521:
13463:
13432:
13399:
13344:
13251:
12303:
12197:
11810:
3244:
When telling a longer story, Afrikaans speakers usually avoid the perfect and simply use the present tense, or
2617:
1453:
1406:
1257:
9525:('whine like a dog' or 'to cry incessantly'). The latter pronunciation occurs in the common diminutive suffix
2189:
once remarked that the differences between (Standard) Dutch and Afrikaans are comparable to those between the
452:
17803:
16876:
16533:
10548:
10133:
Afrikaans borrowed from other languages such as Portuguese, German, Malay, Bantu, and Khoisan languages; see
4501:
4406:
3516:
A notable exception to this is the use of the negating grammar form that coincides with negating the English
387:
5212:
on 22 October 1685 was a milestone in the history of South Africa, for it marked the beginning of the great
705:
17364:
17334:
16563:
15733:
15695:
15680:
14537:
12762:
A Zulu-Kafir Dictionary, Etymologically Explained... Preceded by an Introduction on the Zulu-Kafir Language
4485:
4446:
3907:
3899:
2039:
1286:
950:
15007:
9878:
Selfs al gaan ek deur donker dieptes, sal ek nie bang wees nie, want U is by my. In U hande is ek veilig.
9838:
9804:
9793:
9781:
9768:
9764:
9753:
9741:
9737:
9724:
9720:
9695:
9675:
9655:
9594:
9544:
9540:
9513:
9509:
9489:
9461:
9450:
9438:
9426:
9422:
9393:
9389:
9385:
9381:
9361:
9340:
9312:
9285:
9257:
9237:
9217:
9189:
9160:
9156:
9132:
9112:
9108:
9097:
9085:
9073:
9060:
9056:
9052:
9032:
8997:
8977:
8957:
8929:
8909:
8881:
8834:
8797:
8785:
8781:
8769:
8757:
8744:
8740:
8712:
8697:
8693:
8680:
8670:
8660:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8637:
8633:
8613:
8593:
8573:
8553:
8525:
8479:
8475:
8448:
8444:
8399:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8329:
8325:
8313:
8301:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8272:
8253:('sandwich'). Used to transcribe foreign words for the former pronunciation, and in the diminutive suffix
8233:
8229:
8201:
8197:
8186:
8174:
8154:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8104:
8100:
8079:
8051:
8031:
8011:
7991:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7932:
7919:
7915:
7317:
7294:
7283:
in Afrikaans (as well as dialectal Dutch writings) to represent this merger. Similarly, the Dutch digraph
7264:
7260:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4258:
4244:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4203:
4198:
4134:
4130:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4089:
4083:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4007:
405:
17793:
17554:
16543:
16403:
15753:
15712:
15702:
14703:
14559:
14450:
Language in South Africa: the role of language in national transformation, reconstruction and development
13798:
12707:
12685:
12027:
10643:
4043:
3814:
3806:
2426:
2097:
1930:
The geographical distribution of Afrikaans in South Africa: density of Afrikaans home-language speakers.
1128:
1089:
720:
361:
11064:
17198:
14919:
14390:
14328:
14059:
13889:
13762:
11121:
10808:
10141:, p. 459.Ninety to ninety-five percent of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin; see
10085:
4533:
4467:
4359:
4352:
3975:
2613:
2526:
2430:
1253:
1140:
1139:. Officially opened on 10 October 1975, it was erected on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the
931:
Historical linguist Hans den Besten theorises that modern Standard Afrikaans derives from two sources:
14407:
The sounds of Afrikaans. Their Dialectic Variations and the Difficulties They Present to an Englishman
13048:
10755:
10611:
2096:
described Afrikaans as "one of the world's ugliest languages" in its September 2005 article about the
1558:
1268:
17384:
17243:
17128:
16763:
16260:
14405:
12867:
11341:
10606:
10462:
10095:
10080:
4651:
4643:
4631:
4623:
4614:
4612:
4588:
4493:
4122:
4077:
4075:
4049:
4041:
3996:
3872:
3865:
3829:
3822:
2194:
2043:
1402:
712:, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the 17th and 18th centuries.
10290:
2169:
In general, mutual intelligibility between Dutch and Afrikaans is far better than between Dutch and
17280:
17189:
16538:
16492:
16487:
16411:
16021:
16005:
15884:
15743:
15634:
15629:
14495:
13204:
6756:
4714:
4510:
4051:
3850:
3842:
3707:
3245:
2602:
1926:
1530:
1501:
742:
446:
172:
167:
13678:
12603:
12492:
10861:
10414:
9916:
Bewaar ons sodat ons nie aan verleiding sal toegee nie; maar bevry ons van die greep van die bose.
17206:
17166:
16691:
16477:
16421:
16416:
16336:
16009:
15959:
15259:
15077:
14833:
14761:
14749:
14359:
13947:
13674:
13667:
The origin of Afrikaans pronunciation: a comparison to west Germanic languages and Dutch dialects
13642:
13164:
12851:
12777:
11502:
9332:('purple' — or 'press' indicating the news media; the latter is often spelled with an <ê>)
4653:
4569:
4398:
4391:
4373:
2736:
2606:
1526:
1496:
1486:
1246:
665:
302:
162:
152:
16599:
16319:
15717:
13920:
Lass, Roger (1987), "Intradiphthongal Dependencies", in Anderson, John; Durand, Jacques (eds.),
10370:
K. Pithouse, C. Mitchell, R. Moletsane, Making Connections: Self-Study & Social Action, p.91
17070:
17047:
16822:
16482:
15964:
15930:
15548:
15364:
15224:
15064:
14959:
14491:
14386:
Mapping linguistic communication across colour divides: Black Afrikaans in Central South Africa
13200:
12060:
11967:
11849:
11470:
3923:
3915:
2190:
2186:
2144:
1113:
746:
182:
14142:
14112:"Phonetic analysis of Afrikaans, English, Xhosa and Zulu using South African speech databases"
13726:
The study of dialect convergence and divergence: conceptual and methodological considerations.
11125:
3263:
and is something that is absent from the other West Germanic standard languages. For example,
2452:
Afrikaans-language cinema showed signs of new vigour in the early 21st century. The 2007 film
17610:
17529:
17179:
16832:
16683:
16640:
16604:
15872:
15865:
15817:
15587:
15558:
15527:
15490:
15415:
15172:
15085:
14946:
14908:
14675:
13416:
12651:
11935:
5172:
4625:
4551:
4518:
4320:
4313:
2566:
2285:
2170:
2163:
2125:
2113:
2051:
2023:
1339:
1136:
16105:
14980:
14553:
13632:"The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages"
11113:
3326:), it takes a different form, which is not found in Afrikaans. The following is an example:
17559:
16899:
16609:
16589:
16558:
16431:
16291:
16037:
15855:
15447:
15274:
15236:
15231:
15105:
15052:
14810:
13733:
12581:
10031:
6784:
4710:
4415:
2489:
2092:
1436:, that is "a pure and proper language" for religious purposes, especially among the deeply
1396:
274:
16265:
10924:
1469:
translation of the Bible in Afrikaans as translators from various churches, including the
8:
17742:
17430:
17379:
17086:
16548:
15784:
15738:
15672:
15425:
15072:
14985:
14783:
14652:
13880:
13384:"Standardization and social networks – The emergence and diffusion of standard Afrikaans"
10496:
9997:
4645:
4563:
4426:
3692:
2551:
2504:
2182:
1156:
16095:
15940:
15187:
13631:
7243:
In Afrikaans, many consonants are dropped from the earlier Dutch spelling. For example,
4667:
2150:
Afrikaans acquired some lexical and syntactical borrowings from other languages such as
17788:
16929:
16743:
16594:
16518:
16446:
16436:
16391:
16153:
16080:
15977:
15822:
15797:
15792:
15685:
15513:
15398:
15219:
14997:
14992:
14971:
14932:
14736:
14726:
14297:
14134:
13974:
Post-imperial English: status change in former British and American colonies, 1940–1990
13909:
13901:
12236:
11940:
11890:
Receptive Multilingualism: Linguistic analyses, language policies and didactic concepts
10983:
10961:
10063:
10011:
7888:
6806:
5138:
5116:
4329:
4283:
4138:
3517:
2065:
1990:
1491:
1380:
1293:
227:
157:
58:
17042:
15748:
14003:
10712:
922:
438:
17747:
17420:
17374:
17359:
17027:
17004:
16974:
16934:
16837:
16794:
16774:
16753:
16568:
16367:
16283:
16276:
16231:
16175:
15935:
15925:
15908:
15903:
15807:
15690:
15569:
15369:
15330:
15310:
15148:
15040:
15022:
14874:
14609:
14593:
14585:
14466:
14434:
14363:
14332:
14301:
14270:
14266:
14239:
14218:
14217:. Foreword by Ngugi wa Thiong'o (1st ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 117–132.
14187:
14160:
14090:
14063:
14032:
13982:
13978:
13951:
13927:
13913:
13858:
13854:
13827:
13766:
13703:
13610:
13606:
13579:
13575:
13548:
13544:
13517:
13486:
13459:
13428:
13395:
13369:
13340:
13307:
13280:
13276:
13247:
13227:
13168:
13135:
13106:
13079:
13052:
13021:
12893:
12833:
12812:
12783:
12739:
12657:
12554:
12094:
11894:
11806:
11379:
11345:
11129:
11114:
10987:
10812:
10785:
10775:
10698:
Wheels within wheels: papers of the Duisburg symposium on pidgin and creole languages
10676:
10647:
10443:
10389:
10351:
10344:
10322:
6809:. All the alphabet letters, including those with diacritics, have capital letters as
4974:
4478:
4384:
4300:
4288:
3891:
3883:
2581:
2155:
1534:
1441:
1344:
1217:
1160:
1077:
1012:
809:
739:
731:
709:
697:
366:
222:
187:
16817:
16807:
14262:
Si loin, si proche ...: Une langue européenne à découvrir : le néerlandais
11596:
10526:
972:
used in a 1916 South African newspaper before Afrikaans replaced it for use in media
730:
Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages, including German and the
491:
17757:
17737:
17722:
17712:
17707:
17697:
17676:
17624:
16989:
16913:
16738:
16728:
16704:
16523:
16314:
16248:
16204:
16199:
16159:
16148:
16140:
15945:
15913:
15860:
15849:
15762:
15471:
15410:
15200:
15182:
15017:
14778:
14770:
14458:
14138:
14126:
13893:
12135:
11507:
11436:
Govt info available online in all official languages – South Africa – The Good News
11332:
11150:"Afrikaans is making a comeback in Argentina – along with koeksisters and milktart"
10957:
10435:
10041:
9930:
9899:
4875:
4796:
4763:
4702:. This language is used as a secret language in prison and is taught to initiates.
4543:
4295:
4278:
2656:
and present forms of verbs, with the exception of the verbs 'to be' and 'to have':
2178:
2117:
2030:
of only 8.2% of the population, it is the language most widely understood, and the
1036:
618:
566:
309:
293:
16812:
16360:
12625:
10734:
7267:, having merged the latter into the former; while the word for "south" is written
7259:
in Afrikaans. Also, Afrikaans and some Dutch dialects make no distinction between
3195:. (In colloquial German, the past tense is also often replaced with the perfect.)
2535:
17762:
17752:
17732:
17717:
17702:
17650:
17472:
17446:
17410:
17389:
17288:
17235:
17222:
16999:
16979:
16969:
16951:
16939:
16768:
16758:
16748:
16733:
16715:
16553:
16513:
16346:
16253:
16236:
16221:
16216:
16209:
15918:
15827:
15812:
15767:
15619:
15582:
15574:
15553:
15540:
15520:
15506:
15269:
15246:
15177:
15167:
15159:
14939:
14690:
14448:
14353:
14322:
14291:
14260:
14233:
14181:
14154:
14084:
14053:
14026:
13972:
13941:
13921:
13848:
13821:
13756:
13697:
13600:
13569:
13538:
13507:
13480:
13449:
13383:
13328:
13301:
13268:
13241:
13156:
13127:
13100:
13073:
13042:
13013:
12577:"An almost-extinct Afrikaans dialect is making an unlikely comeback in Argentina"
12243:
11888:
11800:
11658:
11442:
11373:
10948:
10397:
9983:
6832:
5209:
5103:
5029:
4691:
4307:
3932:
3252:
2559:
2499:
2467:
2159:
2031:
1422:
The first official translation of the entire Bible into Afrikaans was in 1933 by
1374:
1352:
1097:
1032:
873:
715:
144:
13878:
Lass, Roger (1984), "Vowel System Universals and Typology: Prologue to Theory",
11007:
10581:
17767:
17727:
17681:
17671:
17629:
17544:
17534:
17506:
17441:
17435:
17415:
17354:
17349:
17307:
17259:
17251:
17214:
16984:
16961:
16857:
16784:
16723:
16634:
16528:
16508:
16460:
16352:
16226:
15896:
15663:
15602:
15381:
15338:
15295:
15212:
15207:
15096:
15046:
14897:
14848:
14803:
14796:
13190:"Constructional idioms and periphrasis: the progressive construction in Dutch."
12981:
11403:
11063:(in Afrikaans). Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika. 25 August 2008. Archived from
9893:
Hy verkwik my siel; Hy lei my in die spore van geregtigheid, om sy Naam ontwil.
7710:('neither ... nor'), etc. Only four non-loan words are spelled with the grave:
7475:
6752:
6748:
4791:
4339:
3315:
2547:
2509:
2151:
2121:
2073:
2027:
2000:
1506:
1470:
1416:
1062:
1024:
1008:
996:
969:
813:
689:
285:
177:
111:
14324:
Spelling and society: the culture and politics of orthography around the world
14130:
13897:
11933:
Linfield, Susie (29 September 2020). "An Interview with Breyten Breytenbach".
11630:
11038:
10711:
Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020).
10278:
5008:
Some of these words also exist in Dutch, though with a more specific meaning:
4767:) is a very commonly used Afrikaans word, different from its Dutch equivalent
3712:('The Voice of South Africa'), the former national anthem, read in poetic form
1533:. Other West Germanic languages related to Afrikaans are German, English, the
745:
and grammar of Afrikaans, and different spellings. There is a large degree of
17782:
17655:
17394:
17369:
17267:
17062:
17052:
17032:
17009:
16847:
16842:
16827:
16802:
16779:
16584:
16426:
16182:
16133:
15950:
15889:
15802:
15707:
15645:
15592:
15476:
15403:
10789:
10447:
10241:
8704:
instead begins the next syllable, the two letters are pronounced separately.
5068:
4699:
4639:
4432:
4345:
4176:
3734:
3319:
2555:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2304:
2266:
2101:
1525:
Afrikaans descended from Dutch dialects in the 17th century. It belongs to a
1423:
1348:
1058:
1004:
977:
701:
693:
123:
119:
17097:
14211:
Black Linguistics: Language, Society and Politics in Africa and the Americas
13128:"Language decline and death in Africa: causes, consequences, and challenges"
9181:
is pronounced the same as 'o' based on the following remainder of the word.
4819:
in Dutch is now considered archaic and only used in written, literary texts.
2480:(both in 2008) have been produced, besides the 2011 Afrikaans-language film
734:, an estimated 90 to 95% of the vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin.
17037:
16994:
16852:
16453:
15877:
15841:
15774:
15597:
15420:
15393:
15376:
15320:
15279:
14861:
14840:
14183:
Colonialism: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia
10401:
10393:
10237:
9891:
Hy laat my neerlê in groen weivelde; na waters waar rus is, lei Hy my heen.
9874:
Hy laat my rus in groen weivelde. Hy bring my by waters waar daar vrede is.
9851:
7287:
6821:
does not have a capital letter allograph. This means that Afrikaans has 88
5221:
3379:
2247:
2228:
2019:
1366:
1363:. Before this, most Cape Dutch-Afrikaans speakers had to rely on the Dutch
1358:
1040:
830:', i.e. Afrikaans) as putatively beneath official Dutch standards included
669:
237:
232:
16100:
9173:('co-operation'). The diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable, thus
3322:
and in some "isolated" villages in the centre of the Netherlands (such as
1151:
422:
17498:
16270:
16243:
16061:
15969:
15651:
15612:
15195:
14890:
14854:
14789:
14513:
11260:"Press Statement Census 2016 Results Profile 7 – Migration and Diversity"
9345:
Found only in foreign words with original spelling maintained; typically
6794:
5153:
4930:'parasol', though usage is less common and meanings can slightly differ.
4832:
4171:
3800:
3764:
3751:
3746:
3729:
2882:
1449:
1205:
1172:
965:
115:
17579:
16652:
16115:
13451:
Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch
12765:. Cape Town: Printed at G.J. Pike's Machine Printing Office. p. 87.
12600:"Afrikaans history and development. The Unique Language of South Africa"
11944:
11802:
Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch
10303:
Aarons & Reynolds, "South African Sign Language" in Monaghan (ed.),
9145:
4137:, though this occurs primarily dialectally, most commonly in the former
461:
16868:
16110:
16090:
15455:
15125:
14826:
13905:
11662:
11530:
10283:
10112:
9914:
En vergeef ons ons sondeskuld soos ons ook óns skuldenaars vergewe het.
9625:('reunion'). The diaeresis indicates the start of a new syllable, thus
7474:
occur almost exclusively in borrowings from French, English, Greek and
7391:
7384:
7177:
7064:
6774:
5229:
4735:
4234:
4181:
3969:
3769:
3739:
2653:
2514:
2437:(SAIRR) projects that a growing majority of Afrikaans speakers will be
2361:
2109:
2082:
1538:
1260: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1116:, in which the Afrikaans language was declared a variety of Dutch. The
935:
827:
786:
103:
31:
14657:
14462:
14028:
Language and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics
13014:"Language Attitudes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Sociolinguistic Overview"
12574:
11475:
The Standardisation of African Languages: Language political realities
10891:"Afrikaans becomes the official language of the Union of South Africa"
9876:
Hy gee my nuwe krag. Hy lei my op die regte paaie tot eer van Sy naam.
1440:
Afrikaans religious community that previously had been sceptical of a
1175:
community used the Arabic script. In 1861, L.H. Meurant published his
17512:
16296:
16044:
15607:
15388:
15315:
15141:
14695:
12219:
11756:
10717:
10439:
8873:('to influence'). The diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable.
6810:
6760:
5213:
4739:
4718:
4584:
4188:
4155:
3859:
2872:
2483:
2124:
from the magazine. The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies, was an
2105:
2004:
1466:
1437:
1066:
981:
915:
896:
431:
415:
397:
379:
16120:
14671:
Dutch Writers from South Africa: A Cultural-Historical Study, Part I
12190:"Afrikaans groei, sê sensus (Afrikaans growing according to census)"
10197:
which regulates the spelling of individual words including the word
2591:
1235:
1185:), which is considered to be the first book published in Afrikaans.
938:, a direct transplantation of European Dutch to Southern Africa, and
773:) meaning 'African'. It was previously referred to as 'Cape Dutch' (
17539:
17477:
16085:
15433:
13306:, Studies in the history of education, Information Age Publishing,
11550:
10672:
10022:
9977:
9882:
9865:
9641:, except when found in proper nouns and surnames from German, like
8649:
if at the end of a root word preceded by a stressed single vowel +
7983:('zebra-like'). The diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable.
6822:
5002:
4960:
4947:
4845:, which means banana. This is different from the common Dutch word
4743:
4683:
3323:
2438:
1474:
1384:
1168:
1065:, which it eventually replaced as an official language. Before the
1000:
989:
988:(now Netherlands), with up to one-sixth of the community of French
945:
that descended from 'Foreigner Talk' and ultimately from the Dutch
685:
677:
503:
38:
17145:
Commission for Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights
14669:
12458:
11826:
10825:
7767:, respectively) and are rarely found outside of a poetic context.
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3373:
17019:
16126:
15722:
15624:
14414:
14238:, Studien zur Deutschen Sprache (in German), Gunter Narr Verlag,
13699:
Language policies in English-dominant countries: six case studies
11473:. In Lafon, Michel; Webb, Vic; Wa Kabwe Segatti, Aurelia (eds.).
11304:
10305:
Many Ways to be Deaf: International Variation in Deaf Communities
4825:
2380:
2342:
2008:
1542:
1427:
1163:, with its name written in Afrikaans, Xhosa and Southern Ndebele.
1028:
1016:
673:
499:
107:
11548:[South Africa: "Unexplained" violence at universities].
10946:
Galasko, C. (November 2008). "The Afrikaans Language Monument".
10221:
means cannot and since he is sick he is unable to come, whereas
8412:) where the spelling was maintained, and in four non-loanwords:
3357:, which changes the meaning to 'I want not to do this'. Whereas
2530:
Census) to 10.4% (2011 Census). The major concentrations are in
795:) from its use by slaves of colonial settlers "in the kitchen".
17549:
17467:
15429:
13943:
Language anxiety: conflict and change in the history of English
13226:, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942,
11939:. No. 128–129: Fall 2000 – Winter 2001. pp. 249–274.
10980:
The Social and Political History of Southern Africa's Languages
6764:
5133:
5098:
4870:
4724:
4713:
is a distinct dialect of Afrikaans is spoken by the 650-strong
4695:
3248:
instead (as is possible, but less common, in English as well).
2521:
2475:
2461:
2061:
2015:
1046:
In 1875 a group of Afrikaans-speakers from the Cape formed the
946:
942:
882:
681:
14235:
Von Intentionalität zur Bedeutung konventionalisierter Zeichen
13329:"The final stages of deflection – The case of Afrikaans "het""
12159:"Afrikaans se môre is bruin (Afrikaans' tomorrow is coloured)"
11744:
11498:"South Africa: Protesting students torch university buildings"
10837:
10710:
17564:
17425:
15347:
14582:
Diacs and Quirks in a Nutshell – Afrikaans spelling explained
12410:
11681:
11528:[Student unrest: conflicts between black and white].
11477:. Institut Français d'Afrique du Sud Johannesburg. p. 47
7862:
7306:
5167:
3540:
Certain words in Afrikaans would be contracted. For example,
2050:
reduced the amount of television airtime in Afrikaans, while
1132:
724:
639:
624:
590:
256:
13602:
Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations
12832:
Strohbach, Ben J.; Walters, H.J.A. (Wally) (November 2015).
7435:
7165:
6816:
6800:
5032:
in Afrikaans include the names of indigenous birds, such as
761:
The name of the language comes directly from the Dutch word
17451:
13926:, Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland, pp. 109–131,
12446:
12362:
12304:"Where outside of Southern Africa can you learn Afrikaans?"
11780:
10425:
8043:('questions'); the vowels belong to two separate syllables
2445:
2108:), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as
2087:
has the largest readership of any magazine in the country.
1444:
that varied from the Dutch version that they were used to.
14604:
Roberge, P. T. (2002), "Afrikaans – considering origins",
14505:
12398:
12261:"Namibia 2011 Population & Housing Census Main Report"
10227:
is 'will' in English and is thus not the best word choice.
9910:
Laat u wil hier op aarde uitgevoer word soos in die hemel.
7537:
The vowels with diacritics in non-loanword Afrikaans are:
7215:
7210:
7182:
7144:
7139:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7087:
7051:
7026:
7021:
7016:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6859:
6854:
2652:
In Afrikaans grammar, there is no distinction between the
2162:, and Afrikaans has also been significantly influenced by
502:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
14663:
14453:, IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society, vol. 14,
14119:
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies
13571:
Language change: contributions to the study of its causes
13269:"Globalisation and African languages: risks and benefits"
12050:"Table 2.6: Home language within provinces (percentages)"
11546:"Südafrika: "Unerklärliche" Gewaltserie an Universitäten"
4977:
4698:, which is based on Afrikaans, yet heavily influenced by
3581:
in Afrikaans. The Dutch words corresponding to Afrikaans
2147:
between the two languages, particularly in written form.
1183:
Conversation between Nicholas Truthsayer and John Doubter
581:
572:
137:
10.3 million L2 speakers in South Africa (2011)
14641:
13786:
Jansen, Carel; Schreuder, Robert; Neijt, Anneke (2007),
13362:
Roots of Afrikaans: Selected Writings of Hans Den Besten
12775:
12532:
12508:
12434:
12422:
12350:
12338:
12314:
11238:"Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2023"
10415:
Herkomst en groei van het Afrikaans – G.G. Kloeke (1950)
10236:
They were named before the establishment of the current
7886:
For more on the pronunciation of the letters below, see
7694:
Only a few non-loan words are spelled with acutes, e.g.
2079:
The Afrikaans-language general-interest family magazine
1426:, E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, and
1057:
Until the early 20th century Afrikaans was considered a
848:('mutilated, broken, or uncivilised Dutch'), as well as
14431:
Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics
12470:
12374:
12093:. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. p. 27.
11914:
11868:
11856:
11693:
11669:
11526:"Studentenunruhen: Konflikte zwischen Schwarz und Weiß"
11447:
9024:('a'), styled as a ligature (Unicode character U+0149)
14110:
Niesler, Thomas; Louw, Philippa; Roux, Justus (2005),
13567:
12594:
12592:
12386:
11762:
10769:
9912:
Gee ons die porsie brood wat ons vir vandag nodig het.
8189:). Found only in recent loanwords and in proper nouns
5020:
means 'South-African tribal blanket of animal hides'.
2488:, which was the first Afrikaans film to screen at the
1994:
The geographical distribution of Afrikaans in Namibia.
1204:(WAT), was under development As of 2018. The official
1178:
Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twyfelaar
1023:
Beginning in about 1815, Afrikaans started to replace
14156:
Mixed jurisdictions worldwide: the third legal family
14002:
Mennen, Ineke; Levelt, Clara; Gerrits, Ellen (2006),
13639:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
13388:
Standardization – Studies from the Germanic languages
12059:. Statistics South Africa. p. 16. Archived from
8517:
are pronounced like 'e', 'ee' and 'ei', respectively
7223:
7190:
7095:
7056:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6849:
5199:, meaning "to go home" or "to knock off (from work)".
5014:
for example means 'South-African tribal javelin' and
4032:'bullet', which used to be pronounced with sequences
3498:
Dis (Dit is) nie so moeilik om Afrikaans te leer nie.
1465:
was released in November 2020. It is the first truly
654:
645:
642:
636:
627:
621:
605:
596:
593:
587:
575:
569:
13785:
13723:
Hiskens, Frans; Auer, Peter; Kerswill, Paul (2005),
13414:
13075:
Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education
12653:
One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost
12520:
12188:
Pienaar, Antoinette; Otto, Hanti (30 October 2012).
11734:
11732:
11705:
11419:"Eldoret, the town that South African Boers started"
11344:: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. pp. 178–189.
9973:
8800:
for all three; third 'i' is part of diphthong 'ei')
8493:
Diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable, thus
8003:('monkey', 'ape'). Only occurs in closed syllables.
3546:, which literally means 'must not', usually becomes
3251:
A particular feature of Afrikaans is its use of the
2185:, attempting to visualise the language distance for
2131:
578:
14433:, University of California Press (published 1991),
14001:
13722:
13509:
Sociolinguistic and language planning organizations
12589:
12326:
11717:
11576:Constitution of the Western Cape, 1997, Chapter 1,
11172:"ABS: Language used at Home by State and Territory"
10519:"Wet voorschriften schrijfwijze Nederlandsche taal"
10244:provinces, and are not dialects of those provinces
7609:("ate") instead of the 3 e's alongside each other:
4888:Some words originally came from Portuguese such as
4859:
is also used in Dutch, though usage is less common.
3536:
English: He is in hospital, though he doesn't eat.
3382:way to negate but it has been suggested that since
2739:differently depending on the subject. For example,
633:
584:
14653:Afrikaans-English Online Dictionary at majstro.com
14608:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,
14180:Page, Melvin Eugene; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003),
12804:
12505:Only this source mentions the trilled realization.
11305:"2016 American Community Survey, 5-year estimates"
11303:
10860:
10752:
10700:. Frankfurt-am-Main: Peter Lang. pp. 207–250.
10343:
9906:Ons Vader in die hemel, laat u Naam geheilig word.
4831:, a traditional Cape-Malay dish, made from spiced
4601:occur only in loanwords. is also an allophone of
3462:I did (not) know that he was (not) going to come.
1338:The Afrikaners primarily were Protestants, of the
1192:Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal
1015:(modern Indonesia). A number were also indigenous
14684:Web dossier African Studies Centre, Leiden (2011)
14664:Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge (FAK)
14008:Speech Science Research Centre Working Paper WP10
12913:
12911:
12811:. Penguin Random House South Africa. p. 92.
11893:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 17.
11886:
11805:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 22.
11768:
11729:
10637:
10419:
7494:, respectively, in Afrikaans. Similarly original
4924:). Some of these words also exist in Dutch, like
2206:Use of Afrikaans as a first language by province
789:collectively, or the derogatory 'kitchen Dutch' (
17780:
14429:Thomason, Sarah Grey; Kaufman, Terrence (1988),
14086:Multiple voices: an introduction to bilingualism
13303:Language of the land: policy, politics, identity
12831:
10388:] (in Afrikaans). Cape Town: A. A. Balkema.
9889:Die Here is my Herder, niks sal my ontbreek nie.
7678:if it is the only vowel in the emphasised word:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4854:
3520:. In this case there is only a single negation.
3505:Het is niet zo moeilijk (om) Afrikaans te leren.
1430:. This monumental work established Afrikaans as
14666:– Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Associations
14488:Centre for Research in the Politics of Language
14428:
14109:
13970:
13696:Herriman, Michael L.; Burnaby, Barbara (1996),
13695:
13071:
11832:
11750:
11089:. Bible Society of South Africa. Archived from
10843:
10831:
10753:James Louis Garvin, ed. (1933). "Cape Colony".
10576:
10574:
10572:
10570:
10222:
10216:
10210:
10138:
10110:
10069:
10047:
10020:
9844:
9810:
9786:
9774:
9746:
9730:
9702:
9681:
9661:
9635:
9627:
9619:
9600:
9562:
9555:
9549:
9527:
9519:
9495:
9475:
9467:
9443:
9431:
9415:
9407:
9399:
9367:
9347:
9326:
9318:
9299:
9292:
9271:
9263:
9243:
9223:
9203:
9195:
9175:
9167:
9138:
9090:
9078:
9066:
9038:
9003:
8983:
8963:
8943:
8935:
8915:
8895:
8887:
8867:
8848:
8840:
8820:
8812:
8790:
8774:
8762:
8750:
8726:
8718:
8686:
8664:
8654:
8619:
8599:
8579:
8539:
8531:
8511:
8503:
8495:
8469:
8462:
8454:
8422:
8414:
8334:
8318:
8306:
8294:
8255:
8247:
8239:
8215:
8207:
8179:
8167:
8159:
8147:
8119:
8111:
8086:
8065:
8057:
8037:
8017:
7997:
7937:
7925:
7873:
7855:
7841:
7826:
7819:
7809:
7797:
7790:
7761:
7753:
7745:
7720:
7712:
7628:
7620:
7612:
7603:
7524:
7512:
7438:
7412:
7404:
7396:
7377:
7353:
7339:
7328:
7299:
7277:
7253:
6814:
6798:
6788:
6778:
6768:
6714:
6686:
6658:
6630:
6602:
6574:
6546:
6518:
6490:
6462:
6434:
6406:
6378:
6350:
6322:
6294:
6266:
6238:
6210:
6182:
6154:
6126:
6098:
6070:
6042:
6014:
5986:
5958:
5930:
5902:
5874:
5846:
5818:
5790:
5762:
5734:
5706:
5678:
5650:
5622:
5594:
5566:
5538:
5510:
5482:
5454:
5426:
5398:
5370:
5342:
5314:
5286:
5258:
5185:
5179:
5160:
5145:
5126:
5109:
5096:, meaning bride price, from (and referring to)
5090:
5080:
5061:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
4995:
4985:
4967:
4953:
4940:
4913:
4901:
4889:
4863:
4839:
4823:
4783:
4755:
4705:
4672:
4093:
4092:is always stressed and occurs only in the word
4024:
4015:
3705:
3666:
3647:
3628:
3582:
3576:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3496:
3467:
3447:Ik heb (niet) geweten dat hij (niet) zou komen.
3440:Ek het (nie) geweet dat hy (nie) sou kom (nie).
3438:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3257:
3212:
3157:
3150:
3121:
3114:
3085:
3078:
3049:
3042:
3013:
3006:
2977:
2970:
2941:
2934:
2892:
2886:
2876:
2851:
2832:
2813:
2794:
2775:
2756:
2715:
2708:
2683:
2676:
2493:
2481:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2080:
2055:
1460:
1431:
1410:
1215:
1209:
1197:
1189:
1176:
1081:
1047:
14179:
13663:
13568:Egil Breivik, Leiv; Håkon Jahr, Ernst (1987),
13505:
13482:Words of the world: the global language system
13239:
12908:
12807:Down to Earth: Gardening with Indigenous Trees
12802:
12656:. University of California Press. p. 97.
12493:"John Wells's phonetic blog: velar or uvular?"
11687:
10746:
10736:Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa
10669:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
10523:Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations
10158:
7337:Another difference is the indefinite article,
2458:, the first full-length Afrikaans movie since
1196:(HAT). A new authoritative dictionary, called
17595:
17127:
17113:
16884:
16668:
14711:
14647:Afrikaans English Online Dictionary at Hablaa
14481:"Language policy development in South Africa"
14082:
14004:"Acquisition of Dutch phonology: an overview"
13266:
12024:"2.8 Home language by province (percentages)"
11652:Afrikaans stars join row over 'ugly language'
11495:
11400:"Armoria patriæ – Republic of Bophuthatswana"
10350:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
10037:Afrikaans speaking population in South Africa
4906:('pen/cattle enclosure') from the Portuguese
4642:, it is realized uvularly, either as a trill
812:, through a gradual divergence from European
13846:
13819:
13417:"Germanic standardizations: past to present"
13299:
13098:
12150:
11887:ten Thije, Jan D.; Zeevaert, Ludger (2007).
10921:South African Department of Arts and Culture
10909:
10772:South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid
10666:
10567:
10460:
10178:, p. 72. For grammar and spelling; see
10154:
10150:
9902:(Afrikaans New Living Version translation):
9872:Die Here is my Herder, ek kom niks kort nie.
9744:after obstruents within a root; an example:
9642:
9441:(nonstandard; formally /s/ is used instead)
6729:
6701:
6673:
6645:
6617:
6589:
6561:
6533:
6505:
6477:
6449:
6421:
6393:
6365:
6337:
6309:
6281:
6253:
6225:
6197:
6169:
6141:
6113:
6085:
6057:
6029:
6001:
5973:
5945:
5917:
5889:
5861:
5833:
5805:
5777:
5749:
5721:
5693:
5665:
5637:
5609:
5581:
5553:
5525:
5497:
5469:
5441:
5413:
5385:
5357:
5329:
5301:
5273:
4959:, meaning lizard, diminutive adapted from a
4725:Influences on Afrikaans from other languages
3532:Hij is in het ziekenhuis, maar hij eet niet.
2565:Some native speakers of Bantu languages and
1104:was passed—mostly due to the efforts of the
13850:Linguistic purism in the Germanic languages
13598:
12769:
12732:Potgieter, D. J., ed. (1970). "Afrikaans".
12287:[Afrikaans is flourishing abroad].
12187:
11194:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"
10977:
10770:Clark, Nancy L.; William H. Worger (2016).
10667:Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah, eds. (2008).
10379:
10245:
10175:
9290:By itself means ('guy'). Sometimes spelled
8071:(expression of frustration or resignation)
7447:
7428:
7420:
7369:
7361:
7346:
7322:
7310:
7285:
7269:
7245:
6722:
6694:
6666:
6638:
6610:
6582:
6554:
6526:
6498:
6470:
6442:
6414:
6386:
6358:
6330:
6302:
6274:
6246:
6218:
6190:
6162:
6134:
6106:
6078:
6050:
6022:
5994:
5966:
5938:
5910:
5882:
5854:
5826:
5798:
5770:
5742:
5714:
5686:
5658:
5630:
5602:
5574:
5546:
5518:
5490:
5462:
5434:
5406:
5378:
5350:
5322:
5294:
5266:
5015:
5009:
4925:
4847:
4813:
4806:
4800:
4774:
4768:
3673:
3654:
3635:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3570:
3510:It is not so difficult to learn Afrikaans.
3503:
3481:
3474:
3459:I did (not) know that he would (not) come.
3452:
3445:
3280:
3231:
3219:
3171:
3164:
3135:
3128:
3099:
3092:
3063:
3056:
3027:
3020:
2991:
2984:
2955:
2948:
2897:('may') is rare in contemporary Afrikaans.
2858:
2839:
2820:
2801:
2782:
2763:
2722:
2696:
2690:
2620:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1372:
1364:
1356:
849:
843:
837:
831:
821:
790:
780:
774:
768:
762:
17602:
17588:
17120:
17106:
16891:
16877:
16675:
16661:
14718:
14704:
14382:
13847:Langer, Nils; Davies, Winifred V. (2005),
13506:Domínguez, Francesc; López, Núria (1995),
13359:
12725:
12645:
12643:
12476:
12301:
12181:
10978:Tomasz, Kamusella; Finex, Ndhlovu (2018).
10695:
7674:("knew"). The acute is only placed on the
5193:
5072:
1548:
460:
17609:
16682:
14530:"Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory"
14403:
13536:
13415:Deumert, Ana; Vandenbussche, Wim (2003),
13072:Baker, Colin; Prys Jones, Sylvia (1997),
12735:Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa
12731:
12538:
12487:
12485:
12464:
12452:
12440:
12416:
12404:
12392:
12380:
12368:
12356:
12344:
12320:
12026:. Statistics South Africa. Archived from
11464:
11462:
11371:
10858:
10774:(3rd ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
10101:List of English words of Afrikaans origin
7618:, which can never occur in Afrikaans, or
7478:. This is usually because words that had
4761:, which means 'very'/'much'/'many' (from
3575:('it' in English) does not correspond to
2871:Only a handful of Afrikaans verbs have a
2640:Learn how and when to remove this message
2435:South African Institute of Race Relations
1320:Learn how and when to remove this message
1124:removed any mention of Dutch altogether.
1102:Official Languages of the Union Act, 1925
1039:. Later, Afrikaans, now written with the
749:between the two languages, especially in
16898:
14355:Language and national identity in Africa
14206:
14051:
14024:
13664:Heeringa, Wilbert; de Wet, Febe (2007),
13629:
13478:
13326:
13267:Bromber, Katrin; Smieja, Birgit (2004),
13221:
13011:
12514:
12302:du Plessis, Jacques (27 December 2020).
11932:
11920:
11874:
11862:
11786:
11699:
11675:
11453:
11378:. Oxford University Press. p. 232.
11296:
10382:Die herkoms van die Afrikaner, 1657–1867
10373:
10346:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
10215:would be best used in this case because
10146:
10142:
4666:
4622:The rhotic is usually an alveolar trill
3696:
3526:Hy is in die hospitaal, maar hy eet nie.
3509:
3502:
3454:Ik wist (niet) dat hij (niet) zou komen.
3285:'He can not Afrikaans speak not'
1989:
1925:
1557:
1150:
1076:
964:
714:
544:
528:
511:
14630:, London, England: Hodder and Stoughton
14603:
14527:
14512:, Government of Namibia, archived from
14351:
13447:
13381:
13240:Brachin, Pierre; Vincent, Paul (1985),
12951:[Psalm 23 – 1983 translation].
12924:[Psalm 23 – 1953 translation],
12803:Johnson, David; Johnson, Sally (2002).
12640:
12332:
12042:
11958:
11956:
11954:
11798:
11792:
11620:
11330:
11111:
10945:
10726:
10428:Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus
10059:Differences between Afrikaans and Dutch
9298:in loanwords and surnames, for example
8700:; found only in borrowed words. If the
7486:in the original Dutch are spelled with
6797:of words, while the indefinite article
1167:The earliest Afrikaans texts were some
736:Differences between Afrikaans and Dutch
496:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
17781:
14725:
14621:
14293:Contact languages: pidgins and creoles
14258:
14231:
14152:
13939:
13823:Language planning and policy in Africa
13758:Pidgins and Creoles: References survey
13599:Geerts, G.; Clyne, Michael G. (1992),
13125:
12782:. University of Zululand. p. 51.
12649:
12549:
12547:
12482:
12156:
11989:
11987:
11985:
11623:"Rupert snubs mag over Afrikaans slur"
11459:
11270:from the original on 19 November 2023.
11164:
10802:
10796:
10732:
10638:Alatis; Hamilton; Tan, Ai-Hui (2002).
10493:"Afrikaans Language Courses in London"
10454:
10086:Languages of Zimbabwe § Afrikaans
10050:Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal
8344:('mountain', /æː/) (lengthened before
7881:
7737:
5151:, species of thatching grass known as
4101:The closest unrounded counterparts of
4056:occur as allophones of, respectively,
2048:South African Broadcasting Corporation
1225:
17583:
17101:
16872:
16656:
16389:
16003:
14747:
14699:
14628:Origin of the Anglo-Boer War revealed
14320:
14289:
13630:Gooskens, Charlotte (November 2007),
13187:
13154:
13040:
12758:
12078:
12016:
11880:
11774:
11738:
11711:
11468:
11416:
11014:. South African History Online (SAHO)
10973:
10971:
10854:
10852:
10487:
10485:
10341:
10316:
10274:
10272:
10179:
10134:
9953:en laat ons nie in die versoeking nie
7626:, which translates to "say", whereas
7305:, except where it replaces the Dutch
4162:
3738:
3491:He is sick and is not going to come.
3476:Hij zal niet komen, want hij is ziek.
57:
14478:
14446:
13923:Explorations in Dependency Phonology
13919:
13877:
13795:Written Language & Literacy 10:2
13754:
12932:] (in Afrikaans), archived from
12602:. Safariafrica.co.za. Archived from
12526:
12428:
12285:"Afrikaans floreer in die buiteland"
11951:
11763:Egil Breivik & Håkon Jahr (1987)
11723:
11621:Pressly, Donwald (5 December 2005).
11361:from the original on 9 October 2022.
11032:
10171:
10106:South African Translators' Institute
8312:('person', /eː/) (lengthened before
8261:for the latter in words ending with
7896:Afrikaans letters and pronunciation
4933:
3469:Hy sal nie kom nie, want hy is siek.
3412:disappeared in most Dutch dialects.
3363:emphasizes a lack of desire to act,
2618:adding citations to reliable sources
2585:
2014:In 1976, secondary-school pupils in
2011:in Kenya was founded by Afrikaners.
1351:, the 1933 translation followed the
1258:adding citations to reliable sources
1229:
992:origin, and a seventh from Germany.
808:The Afrikaans language arose in the
785:), a term also used to refer to the
15280:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
14551:
14506:Namibian Population Census (2001),
14424:from the original on 9 October 2022
13743:from the original on 9 October 2022
13652:from the original on 9 October 2022
12874:, vol. 45–46, p. 47, 1996
12738:. Vol. 1. NASOU. p. 111.
12544:
12237:SABC3 "tests" Afrikaans programming
12157:Prince, Llewellyn (23 March 2013).
11982:
10619:from the original on 31 August 2010
9947:Gee ons vandag ons daaglikse brood;
8428:('here, take this!' or ' yours!'),
7726:('here, take this!' or ' yours!'),
7634:is a possessive form. The acute's (
7359:in Afrikaans, whereas it is either
5166:, deciduous tree also known by its
3255:; it is classified in Afrikaans as
1921:
1537:, and the unstandardised languages
1347:of the Bible, especially the Greek
949:spoken by slaves, via hypothetical
292:Latin script (Afrikaans alphabet),
24:
16639:Languages between parentheses are
16004:
14574:
14555:The World Factbook (CIA) — Namibia
13677:, pp. 445–467, archived from
13224:A handbook of varieties of English
13102:Nations, language, and citizenship
12853:South African Journal of Ethnology
11995:"Census 2022: Statistical Release"
11966:. World Data Atlas. Archived from
11554:. 25 February 2016. Archived from
11496:Lynsey Chutel (25 February 2016).
10968:
10962:10.1097/01.brs.0000339413.49211.e6
10849:
10525:. 21 February 1997. Archived from
10495:. Keylanguages.com. Archived from
10482:
10269:
9918:Want aan U behoort die koningskap,
9453:(nonstandard; /z/ is more formal)
5023:
3347:English: I do not want to do this.
1200:Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal
1146:
1031:in South Africa, written with the
1027:as the language of instruction in
999:children of European settlers and
30:For white Afrikaans speakers, see
25:
17845:
14682:Afrikaans Literature and Language
14635:
14455:John Benjamins Publishing Company
14259:Réguer, Laurent Philippe (2004),
14153:Palmer, Vernon Valentine (2001),
14012:Queen Margaret University College
13514:John Benjamins Publishing Company
13456:John Benjamins Publishing Company
13425:John Benjamins Publishing Company
13392:John Benjamins Publishing Company
13366:John Benjamins Publishing Company
13337:John Benjamins Publishing Company
13012:Adegbija, Efurosibina E. (1994),
12930:Bible companion from South Africa
12776:Samuel Doggie Ngcongwane (1985).
12110:from the original on 13 May 2015.
11848:. Lycos Retriever. Archived from
11282:"Top 25 Languages in New Zealand"
10923:. 10 October 2005. Archived from
6759:, plus 16 additional vowels with
5044:, and indigenous plants, such as
4894:('umbrella') from the Portuguese
4734:Due to the early settlement of a
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4532:
4523:
4509:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4466:
4458:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4414:
4405:
4397:
4390:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4328:
4319:
4312:
3995:
3974:
3947:
3938:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3871:
3864:
3849:
3841:
3828:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3488:He will not come, as he is sick.
2518:) promoting their mother tongue.
2200:
2138:Comparison of Afrikaans and Dutch
2132:Mutual intelligibility with Dutch
2090:When the British design magazine
1480:
1334:Bible translations into Afrikaans
1211:Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls
17140:Pan South African Language Board
12974:
12892:. 26 August 2007. Archived from
12878:
12860:
12844:
12825:
12796:
12752:
12700:
12670:
12618:
12568:
12134:. Oulitnet.co.za. Archived from
11417:Kamau, John (25 December 2020).
11292:from the original on 6 May 2023.
11218:. Office for National Statistics
10319:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
10289:
10230:
10091:List of Afrikaans language poets
10072:Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees
10004:
9990:
9976:
9957:Want aan U behoort die koninkryk
9951:soos ons ons skuldenaars vergewe
9943:laat U wil geskied op die aarde,
9120:('done, finished', emphasised),
8653:and suffixed with a schwa, e.g.
7383:is usually pronounced as just a
4835:baked with an egg-based topping.
4040:, respectively. In other cases,
3483:Hij komt niet, want hij is ziek.
2590:
2400:
2181:. The South African poet writer
2070:constitution of the Western Cape
1883:
1859:
1835:
1811:
1787:
1763:
1739:
1715:
1691:
1667:
1643:
1619:
1234:
1050:Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaaners
980:whose descendants today are the
750:
617:
565:
476: spoken by a minority
470: spoken by a majority
348:
327:
18:Historical dialects of Afrikaans
12953:Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Africa
12926:Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Africa
12840:(35). Windhoek, Namibia: 13–42.
12295:
12277:
12253:
12230:
12212:
12124:
12114:
11926:
11846:"Afrikaans: Standard Afrikaans"
11838:
11833:Niesler, Louw & Roux (2005)
11645:
11614:
11582:
11570:
11538:
11518:
11489:
11429:
11410:
11392:
11365:
11324:
11286:Ministry for Ethnic Communities
11274:
11252:
11230:
11208:
11186:
11152:. Business Insider South Africa
11142:
11105:
11079:
11061:"Afrikaanse Bybel vier 75 jaar"
11053:
11026:
11000:
10939:
10883:
10763:
10704:
10689:
10660:
10631:
10599:
10541:
10511:
10204:
10194:Word list of the Dutch language
10185:
10164:
10127:
9937:Onse Vader wat in die hemel is,
8696:when it is not an allophone of
8352:is the unstressed allophone of
6787:(e.g. in multi-word units like
4717:of Argentina, in the region of
2891:('to think'). The preterite of
1462:Die Bybel: 'n Direkte Vertaling
1245:needs additional citations for
17150:Department of Arts and Culture
16643:of the language on their left.
12955:(in Afrikaans). Archived from
12308:Afrikaans Abroad –Afrikaans.US
11375:Dutch: Biography of a Language
11037:(in Afrikaans). Archived from
10859:Kaplan, R. B.; Baldauf, R. B.
10408:
10364:
10335:
10310:
10297:
9860:
8659:('mountain') is pronounced as
8432:('huh?', 'what?', 'eh?'), and
7853:Standard Afrikaans pronounces
7730:('huh?', 'what?', 'eh?'), and
6755:, using the 26 letters of the
6742:
4799:), used where Dutch would use
4638:. In some parts of the former
2042:of 1996, Afrikaans remains an
1072:
960:
13:
1:
17829:Subject–object–verb languages
16534:Germanic substrate hypothesis
16390:
14083:Myers-Scotton, Carol (2006),
13826:, Multilingual Matters Ltd.,
13702:, Multilingual Matters Ltd.,
13099:Berdichevsky, Norman (2004),
13078:, Multilingual Matters Ltd.,
12057:Census 2001 – Census in brief
11751:Baker & Prys Jones (1997)
11087:"Afrikaans Bible translation"
10844:Thomason & Kaufman (1988)
10832:Thomason & Kaufman (1988)
10805:Slavery in Dutch South Africa
10257:
10139:Niesler, Louw & Roux 2005
7510:, respectively. For example,
4883:
4789:, Afrikaans for jacket (from
4671:A warning sign in Afrikaans:
4619:occurs only in some speakers.
4611:is most often uvular . Velar
4265:
4149:
3424:Dutch (literally translated)
3400:was needed to complement the
1553:
16564:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
15255:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
13940:Machan, Tim William (2009),
13641:, vol. 28, no. 6,
13537:Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993),
13243:The Dutch Language: A Survey
13134:, Multilingual Matters Ltd,
12949:"Psalm 23 – 1983 vertailing"
12922:"Psalm 23 – 1953 vertailing"
12087:Census 2011: Census in brief
12004:. 10 October 2023. p. 9
11688:Brachin & Vincent (1985)
11012:South African History Online
10895:South African History Online
10262:
9955:maar verlos ons van die bose
9586:('you', formal, emphasised)
8436:('(formal) appeal' (noun)).
8221:('part', 'divide', 'share')
8063:('many', 'much' or 'very'),
7734:('(formal) appeal' (noun)).
4706:Patagonian Afrikaans dialect
4232:
4210:
4186:
3686:
2100:, South African billionaire
2064:. Similarly, South Africa's
1433:'n suiwer en ordentlike taal
1355:and was closely akin to the
951:Dutch-based creole languages
756:
702:predominantly Dutch settlers
7:
16544:High German consonant shift
14660:(Open Learning Environment)
14560:Central Intelligence Agency
14509:Languages Spoken in Namibia
14383:Stell, Gerard (2008–2011),
13799:Radboud University Nijmegen
13333:Historical Linguistics 2005
12650:Austin, Peter, ed. (2008).
10644:Georgetown University Press
10553:Online Etymology Dictionary
10386:The origin of the Afrikaner
9969:
9582:('bend over', emphasised),
8645:exists as the allophone of
8420:('yes?', 'right?', 'eh?'),
7955:in stressed open syllables
7718:('yes?', 'right?', 'eh?'),
7387:, , just like English "a".
7297:, corresponds to Afrikaans
6793:'Dead Sea') is part of the
4973:, meaning insect, from the
4662:
3369:emphasizes the act itself.
2427:Post-apartheid South Africa
2054:dropped its Afrikaans name
2040:South Africa's Constitution
1383:of 1618 and was thus in an
1129:Afrikaans Language Monument
1108:—at a joint sitting of the
1106:Afrikaans-language movement
1090:Afrikaans Language Monument
995:African and Asian workers,
721:Afrikaans Language Monument
10:
17850:
15082:Westlauwers–Terschellings
14735:According to contemporary
14391:Vrije Universiteit Brussel
14329:Cambridge University Press
14060:Cambridge University Press
13890:Cambridge University Press
13763:Cambridge University Press
13004:
12988:(in Afrikaans). YouVersion
12626:"Sambreel – (Zonnescherm)"
12224:www.plattelanddiemovie.com
11372:Willemyns, Roland (2013).
11122:Cambridge University Press
10809:Cambridge University Press
10159:Brachin & Vincent 1985
9939:laat U Naam geheilig word;
9633:is pronounced the same as
7251:('only') in Dutch becomes
7062:
6830:
6825:with allographs in total.
5191:, an adaption of the word
4261:occur mainly in loanwords.
4129:occurs as an allophone of
4119:occur only in a few words.
3690:
3388:became highly non-voiced,
2735:In addition, verbs do not
2579:
2575:
2135:
1331:
1141:Society of Real Afrikaners
798:
556:Rossouw speaking Afrikaans
36:
29:
17809:Languages of South Africa
17690:
17664:
17638:
17617:
17522:
17497:
17490:
17460:
17403:
17342:
17327:
17300:
17279:
17234:
17197:
17188:
17165:
17158:
17135:
17129:Languages of South Africa
17079:
17061:
17018:
16960:
16922:
16906:
16793:
16714:
16690:
16626:
16577:
16501:
16470:
16402:
16398:
16385:
16334:
16307:
16261:Southern Schleswig Danish
16192:
16073:
16029:
16020:
16016:
15999:
15840:
15783:
15671:
15662:
15567:
15539:
15498:
15489:
15464:
15446:
15357:
15329:
15303:
15294:
15245:
15158:
15133:
15124:
15063:
14958:
14907:
14882:
14873:
14769:
14760:
14756:
14743:
14733:
14580:Grieshaber, Nicky. 2011.
14404:Swanepoel, J. F. (1927),
14131:10.2989/16073610509486401
14052:Mesthrie, Rajend (2002),
14025:Mesthrie, Rajend (1995),
13898:10.1017/S0952675700000300
13327:Conradie, C. Jac (2005),
13197:Paradigms and Periphrasis
13157:"The Phonology of Dutch."
12886:"Retrieved 12 April 2010"
11342:Somerville, Massachusetts
11312:. University of Minnesota
10321:(3rd ed.). Longman.
10096:List of Afrikaans singers
10081:Languages of South Africa
9949:en vergeef ons ons skulde
9269:('pretty', 'beautiful'),
8474:('file') (Allophonically
8408:) and proper nouns (like
8404:Found in loanwords (like
7770:Here are a few examples:
7418:, whereas in Dutch it is
7293:, normally pronounced as
6767:(e.g. in a compound like
5226:In Search of South Africa
5203:
4991:, blanket of animal hides
4587:at the ends of words are
4549:
4542:
4517:
4483:
4425:
4338:
4306:
4275:
4187:
4165:
3986:
3964:
3958:
3834:
3758:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3716:
3211:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2195:Southern American English
2128:-speaking South African.
1477:Churches, were involved.
1403:Stephanus Jacobus du Toit
1379:had its origins with the
1131:is on a hill overlooking
1086:("This is our passion"),
913:
894:
889:
870:
859:
803:
676:and (to a lesser extent)
541:Alaric speaking Afrikaans
482:
459:
445:
429:
413:
395:
377:
372:
360:
338:
322:Official language in
320:
315:
299:
282:
250:
215:
141:
129:
99:
91:
65:
53:
48:
17819:Low Franconian languages
16539:West Germanic gemination
16493:Ancient Belgian language
16488:Germanic parent language
16432:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
15554:Austrian Standard German
14748:
14606:Language in South Africa
14479:Webb, Victor N. (2003),
14447:Webb, Victor N. (2002),
14415:Longmans, Green & Co
14352:Simpson, Andrew (2008),
14089:, Blackwell Publishing,
14055:Language in South Africa
13479:de Swaan, Abram (2001),
12467:, pp. 13–14, 20–22.
11657:27 November 2011 at the
10521:(in Dutch). Royal Dutch
10120:
9935:
9933:(Original translation):
9904:
9887:
9870:
9850:('Zulu'). Found only in
9209:('course', 'direction')
8949:('can' (verb) or 'jug')
8854:; 'wedges' or 'quoins')
8818:('crisis', emphasised),
7951:in closed syllables and
7682:('want' (verb)) becomes
7275:in Dutch, it is spelled
6757:ISO basic Latin alphabet
4729:
4014:occur only in the words
3708:Die Stem van Suid-Afrika
3637:heb, hebt, heeft, hebben
3338:I want not this do not.)
3332:Ek wil nie dit doen nie.
3246:historical present tense
2665:present indicative form
2527:South African television
2057:Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens
1978: 1000–3000 /km
1531:Low Franconian languages
1412:Evangelie volgens Markus
525:Colin speaking Afrikaans
37:Not to be confused with
14360:Oxford University Press
13948:Oxford University Press
13675:University of Groningen
13643:University of Groningen
13165:Oxford University Press
13126:Batibo, Herman (2005),
13105:, Norman Berdichevsky,
12708:"Karos II : Kros"
11964:"Languages — Afrikaans"
11112:Harbert, Wayne (2007).
10756:Encyclopædia Britannica
10733:Kaplan, Irving (1971).
10612:Encyclopædia Britannica
10317:Wells, John C. (2008).
10176:Geerts & Clyne 1992
9617:Found in words such as
9165:Found in words such as
8865:Found in words such as
8387:('I; me', emphasised),
7807:Uncommon, more common:
7394:suffix in Afrikaans is
7316:which is pronounced as
5136:tree known in Latin as
4978:
4742:, who are now known as
4715:South African community
4690:There is also a prison
4591:, so that e.g. a final
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3374:
3366:Ek wil dit nie doen nie
3360:Ek wil nie dit doen nie
3354:Ek wil dit nie doen nie
3316:Low Franconian dialects
2875:, namely the auxiliary
1984: >3000 /km
1972: 300–1000 /km
1549:Geographic distribution
1487:Indo-European languages
135:7.2 million (2016)
17824:Stress-timed languages
17639:Non-official languages
17071:Namibian Sign Language
16600:Preterite-present verb
16483:Proto-Germanic grammar
16437:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
15549:German Standard German
15225:East Frisian Low Saxon
14658:Learn Afrikaans Online
14649:(archived 4 June 2012)
14622:Thomas, C. H. (1899),
14528:Wissing, Daan (2016),
14492:University of Pretoria
13755:Holm, John A. (1989),
13540:A grammar of Afrikaans
13201:University of Kentucky
12982:"MATTEUS 6, NLV Bybel"
12779:The Languages We Speak
11469:Lafon, Michel (2008).
11116:The Germanic Languages
10803:Worden, Nigel (2010).
10246:
10223:
10217:
10211:
10111:
10070:
10055:(Afrikaans Dictionary)
10048:
10021:
9945:net soos in die hemel.
9845:
9811:
9787:
9775:
9747:
9731:
9703:
9682:
9662:
9643:
9636:
9628:
9620:
9601:
9563:
9556:
9550:
9528:
9520:
9496:
9476:
9468:
9444:
9432:
9416:
9408:
9400:
9368:
9348:
9327:
9319:
9300:
9293:
9272:
9264:
9244:
9224:
9204:
9196:
9176:
9168:
9139:
9091:
9079:
9067:
9039:
9004:
8984:
8964:
8944:
8936:
8916:
8896:
8888:
8868:
8849:
8841:
8821:
8813:
8791:
8775:
8763:
8751:
8727:
8719:
8687:
8665:
8655:
8620:
8600:
8580:
8540:
8532:
8512:
8504:
8496:
8470:
8463:
8455:
8423:
8415:
8383:('with', emphasised),
8335:
8319:
8307:
8295:
8256:
8248:
8240:
8216:
8208:
8180:
8168:
8160:
8148:
8120:
8112:
8087:
8066:
8058:
8038:
8018:
7998:
7938:
7926:
7874:
7856:
7842:
7827:
7820:
7810:
7798:
7791:
7762:
7754:
7746:
7721:
7713:
7629:
7621:
7613:
7604:
7525:
7513:
7448:
7439:
7429:
7421:
7413:
7405:
7397:
7378:
7370:
7362:
7354:
7351:in Dutch. "A book" is
7347:
7340:
7329:
7323:
7311:
7300:
7286:
7278:
7270:
7254:
7246:
6815:
6799:
6789:
6779:
6769:
6730:
6723:
6715:
6702:
6695:
6687:
6674:
6667:
6659:
6646:
6639:
6631:
6618:
6611:
6603:
6590:
6583:
6575:
6562:
6555:
6547:
6534:
6527:
6519:
6506:
6499:
6491:
6478:
6471:
6463:
6450:
6443:
6435:
6422:
6415:
6407:
6394:
6387:
6379:
6366:
6359:
6351:
6338:
6331:
6323:
6310:
6303:
6295:
6282:
6275:
6267:
6254:
6247:
6239:
6226:
6219:
6211:
6198:
6191:
6183:
6170:
6163:
6155:
6142:
6135:
6127:
6114:
6107:
6099:
6086:
6079:
6071:
6058:
6051:
6043:
6030:
6023:
6015:
6002:
5995:
5987:
5974:
5967:
5959:
5946:
5939:
5931:
5918:
5911:
5903:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5862:
5855:
5847:
5834:
5827:
5819:
5806:
5799:
5791:
5778:
5771:
5763:
5750:
5743:
5735:
5722:
5715:
5707:
5694:
5687:
5679:
5666:
5659:
5651:
5638:
5631:
5623:
5610:
5603:
5595:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5554:
5547:
5539:
5526:
5519:
5511:
5498:
5491:
5483:
5470:
5463:
5455:
5442:
5435:
5427:
5414:
5407:
5399:
5386:
5379:
5371:
5358:
5351:
5343:
5330:
5323:
5315:
5302:
5295:
5287:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5194:
5186:
5180:
5161:
5146:
5127:
5110:
5091:
5081:
5073:
5062:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5034:
5016:
5010:
4996:
4986:
4968:
4954:
4941:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4896:
4890:
4874:
4864:
4855:
4853:. The Indonesian word
4848:
4840:
4824:
4814:
4807:
4801:
4790:
4784:
4775:
4769:
4762:
4756:
4678:
4673:
4094:
4025:
4016:
3713:
3706:
3674:
3667:
3655:
3648:
3636:
3629:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3531:
3525:
3504:
3497:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3342:
3331:
3304:speak Afrikaans. / He
3289:
3268:
3258:
3232:
3220:
3213:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2893:
2887:
2877:
2859:
2852:
2840:
2833:
2821:
2814:
2802:
2795:
2783:
2776:
2764:
2757:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2494:
2482:
2474:
2460:
2454:
2191:Received Pronunciation
2145:mutual intelligibility
2114:Van Cleef & Arpels
2081:
2056:
1995:
1987:
1966: 100–300 /km
1607:Percentage of speakers
1595:
1461:
1432:
1411:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1216:
1210:
1198:
1190:
1177:
1164:
1093:
1082:
1048:
973:
850:
844:
838:
832:
822:
817:
791:
781:
775:
769:
763:
747:mutual intelligibility
738:often lie in the more
727:
688:. It evolved from the
666:West Germanic language
557:
542:
526:
484:This article contains
27:West Germanic language
17834:Verb-second languages
17814:Languages of Eswatini
17799:Languages of Botswana
17611:Languages of Eswatini
17530:Tsotsitaal and Camtho
16962:Other Bantu languages
16684:Languages of Botswana
16605:Grammatischer Wechsel
15588:Namibian Black German
15559:Swiss Standard German
15528:Early New High German
15086:Mainland West Frisian
14947:Harlingerland Frisian
14676:World Digital Library
13448:Deumert, Ana (2004),
13421:Trends in Linguistics
13382:Deumert, Ana (2002),
13273:Trends in Linguistics
13188:Booij, Geert (2003),
13155:Booij, Geert (1999),
12759:Döhne, J. L. (1857).
11799:Deumert, Ana (2004).
11266:. 21 September 2017.
10877:registration required
10461:Abel Coetzee (1948).
10342:Roach, Peter (2011).
9941:laat U koninkryk kom;
9908:Laat u koninkryk kom.
9413:('voice' or 'vote'),
9124:('huge', emphasised)
8826:('that', emphasised)
8391:('know', emphasised)
7502:are most often spelt
5173:Spirostachys africana
5001:, walking stick from
4879:, also from Persian).
4670:
4605:in some environments.
4074:is phonetically long
3722:Monophthong phonemes
3704:A voice recording of
3703:
3343:Ik wil dit niet doen.
2164:South African English
2052:South African Airways
1993:
1960: 30–100 /km
1929:
1561:
1340:Dutch Reformed Church
1155:The side view of the
1154:
1137:Western Cape Province
1080:
968:
941:'Hottentot Dutch', a
854:('incorrect Dutch').
718:
555:
540:
524:
17804:Languages of Namibia
17330:unofficial languages
16900:Languages of Namibia
16610:Indo-European ablaut
16590:Germanic strong verb
16559:Germanic spirant law
15696:Southeast Limburgish
15192:Gelders-Overijssels
14821:Irish Middle English
14811:Early Modern English
14584:. Pietermaritzburg.
14321:Sebba, Mark (2007),
14290:Sebba, Mark (1997),
14159:, Vernon V. Palmer,
14031:, New Africa Books,
13734:Lancaster University
13645:, pp. 445–467,
13049:Éditions L'Harmattan
13041:Alant, Jaco (2004),
13018:Multilingual Matters
12688:on 20 September 2019
12606:on 17 September 2011
12242:16 July 2011 at the
11852:on 20 November 2011.
11602:on 24 September 2015
11485:– via HAL-SHS.
11441:4 March 2016 at the
11240:. Statistics Finland
10607:"Afrikaans language"
10380:J. A. Heese (1971).
10240:, Eastern Cape, and
10201:was first published.
10170:For morphology; see
10032:Afrikaans literature
7776:Apostrophed version
6785:whitespace character
5208:The revoking of the
5119:, known in Latin as
4711:Patagonian Afrikaans
4109:, rather than front
2614:improve this section
2490:Cannes Film Festival
1954: 10–30 /km
1936: <1 /km
1254:improve this article
1208:of Afrikaans is the
1122:Constitution of 1983
1118:Constitution of 1961
845:onbeschaafd Hollands
168:Weser–Rhine Germanic
59:[afriˈkɑːns]
17691:Immigrant languages
17665:Immigrant languages
17080:Immigrant languages
16923:Recognized regional
16578:Synchronic features
16549:Germanic a-mutation
16502:Diachronic features
15852:in the broad sense
15785:East Central German
15739:Lorraine Franconian
15713:Transylvanian Saxon
15673:West Central German
15448:East Low Franconian
15358:West Low Franconian
14689:18 May 2013 at the
14148:on 21 December 2012
12628:. Etymologiebank.nl
12431:, pp. 117–119.
12419:, pp. 2, 8–10.
12138:on 28 December 2008
11835:, pp. 459–474.
11789:, pp. 445–467.
11666:, 10 December 2005.
11633:on 16 February 2006
11558:on 27 February 2016
11534:. 25 February 2016.
11406:on 26 October 2009.
11033:Bogaards, Attie H.
10834:, pp. 252–254.
10464:Standaard Afrikaans
9998:South Africa portal
9922:en die heerlikheid,
9830:('he', emphasised)
9249:('uncle' or 'sir')
9020:indefinite article
8692:('golf'). Used for
8565:('century', 'age')
7907:Examples and Notes
7897:
7882:Table of characters
7836:Extremely uncommon
7738:Initial apostrophes
7706:('either ... or'),
7434:, hence a "bit" is
6108:marcheer, marcheren
5239:
5121:Balearica regulorum
4677:or "Danger, Traps".
4272:
4271:Consonant phonemes
4159:
3723:
3693:Afrikaans phonology
3558:in the same way as
3427:More correct Dutch
2207:
2183:Breyten Breytenbach
2066:diplomatic missions
2003:, an Apartheid-era
1948: 3–10 /km
1459:A new translation,
1454:dynamic equivalence
1226:The Afrikaans Bible
1157:Pretoria Art Museum
851:verkeerd Nederlands
787:early Cape settlers
706:enslaved population
340:Recognised minority
17794:Analytic languages
17618:Official languages
17209:(Sesotho sa Leboa)
16595:Germanic weak verb
16404:Language subgroups
15754:Pennsylvania Dutch
15703:Moselle Franconian
15681:Central Franconian
15514:Middle High German
15265:Central Pomeranian
15220:Northern Low Saxon
14933:Wangerooge Frisian
14727:Germanic languages
14501:on 9 December 2003
14298:Palgrave Macmillan
14186:, Melvin E. Page,
13881:Phonology Yearbook
13368:, pp. 79–93,
13161:Oxford Linguistics
13132:Oxford Linguistics
12896:on 15 October 2010
12371:, pp. 4, 6–7.
12273:on 2 October 2013.
12200:on 2 November 2012
11041:on 10 October 2008
10986:. pp. 17–18.
10984:Palgrave Macmillan
10811:. pp. 40–43.
10742:. pp. 46–771.
10642:. Washington, DC:
10529:on 5 February 2021
10012:Netherlands portal
9961:en die heerlikheid
9885:1953 translation:
9868:1983 translation:
9740:); allophonically
8165:is used instead),
7895:
7889:Help:IPA/Afrikaans
7850:A man walks there
6783:'mothers'), and a
5884:kardoes, cartouche
5324:ammunitie, munitie
5238:
5139:Sclerocarya birrea
5117:grey crowned crane
4795:, ultimately from
4679:
4270:
4154:
3721:
3714:
3518:present participle
3433:Idiomatic English
2205:
2158:, Portuguese, and
1996:
1988:
1942: 1–3 /km
1596:
1381:Synod of Dordrecht
1165:
1094:
976:Most of the first
974:
728:
558:
543:
527:
17776:
17775:
17577:
17576:
17573:
17572:
17486:
17485:
17335:1996 constitution
17323:
17322:
17319:
17318:
17244:Southern Ndebele
17095:
17094:
16907:Official language
16866:
16865:
16650:
16649:
16635:extinct languages
16622:
16621:
16618:
16617:
16569:Great Vowel Shift
16381:
16380:
16377:
16376:
16330:
16329:
16176:Greenlandic Norse
15995:
15994:
15991:
15990:
15987:
15986:
15926:Southern Bavarian
15909:Northern Bavarian
15885:Highest Alemannic
15836:
15835:
15570:standard variants
15485:
15484:
15331:Standard variants
15290:
15289:
15149:Middle Low German
15120:
15119:
15116:
15115:
14920:Saterland Frisian
14598:978-0-620-51980-9
14590:978-0-620-51726-3
14463:10.1075/impact.14
14267:Sorbonne Nouvelle
13979:Walter de Gruyter
13855:Walter de Gruyter
13607:Walter de Gruyter
13576:Walter de Gruyter
13545:Walter de Gruyter
13375:978-90-272-5267-8
13277:Walter de Gruyter
13246:, Brill Archive,
13044:Parlons Afrikaans
12818:978-1-86872-775-9
12495:. 5 December 2011
12477:Den Besten (2012)
12455:, pp. 13–15.
12220:"Platteland Film"
12030:on 24 August 2007
11970:on 4 October 2014
11590:"Superbrands.com"
11503:Stamford Advocate
11385:978-0-19-985871-2
11351:978-1-57473-446-1
11196:. 5 November 2023
11135:978-0-521-80825-5
10993:978-1-137-01592-1
10781:978-1-138-12444-8
10713:"Hottentot Dutch"
10682:978-0-08-087774-7
10653:978-0-87840-373-8
10499:on 12 August 2007
10357:978-0-521-15253-2
10328:978-1-4058-8118-0
10287:(19th ed., 2016)
10155:Berdichevsky 2004
10151:Kamwangamalu 2004
9858:
9857:
9429:for second 's'),
8669:is pronounced as
8605:('son' or 'lad')
7869:
7868:
7828:Het jy dit geëet?
7690:('lazy') becomes
7658:("will" (verb)),
7446:in Afrikaans and
7345:in Afrikaans and
7241:
7240:
6740:
6739:
5079:He is a language
4934:Khoisan languages
4682:settlers and the
4674:Gevaar Slagysters
4580:
4579:
4255:
4254:
4003:
4002:
3701:
3684:
3683:
3562:is contracted to
3514:
3513:
3284:
3242:
3241:
3185:
3184:
2869:
2868:
2733:
2732:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2582:Afrikaans grammar
2455:Ouma se slim kind
2423:
2422:
2156:Khoisan languages
2104:(chairman of the
2044:official language
1919:
1918:
1535:Frisian languages
1442:Bible translation
1392:Arnoldus Pannevis
1390:C. P. Hoogehout,
1345:textual criticism
1330:
1329:
1322:
1304:
1218:Die Taalkommissie
1161:Arcadia, Pretoria
1110:House of Assembly
1083:"Dit is ons erns"
1013:Dutch East Indies
929:
928:
810:Dutch Cape Colony
732:Khoisan languages
710:Dutch Cape Colony
698:Hollandic dialect
553:
538:
522:
510:
509:
492:rendering support
488:phonetic symbols.
367:Die Taalkommissie
362:Regulated by
16:(Redirected from
17841:
17604:
17597:
17590:
17581:
17580:
17555:SA Sign Language
17495:
17494:
17385:Northern Ndebele
17340:
17339:
17332:mentioned in the
17195:
17194:
17163:
17162:
17122:
17115:
17108:
17099:
17098:
16893:
16886:
16879:
16870:
16869:
16764:Northern Ndebele
16677:
16670:
16663:
16654:
16653:
16427:Elbe (Irminonic)
16400:
16399:
16387:
16386:
16315:Mainland Gutnish
16205:Swedish dialects
16167:Middle Icelandic
16141:Middle Norwegian
16030:Historical forms
16027:
16026:
16018:
16017:
16001:
16000:
15960:South Franconian
15946:Hutterite German
15914:Central Bavarian
15734:Rhine Franconian
15669:
15668:
15499:Historical forms
15496:
15495:
15411:Surinamese Dutch
15304:Historical forms
15301:
15300:
15134:Historical forms
15131:
15130:
14883:Historical forms
14880:
14879:
14767:
14766:
14758:
14757:
14745:
14744:
14720:
14713:
14706:
14697:
14696:
14631:
14618:
14569:
14568:
14566:
14548:
14547:
14545:
14540:on 15 April 2017
14536:, archived from
14524:
14523:
14521:
14502:
14500:
14494:, archived from
14485:
14475:
14443:
14425:
14423:
14412:
14400:
14399:
14397:
14379:
14378:
14376:
14348:
14347:
14345:
14317:
14316:
14314:
14286:
14285:
14283:
14255:
14254:
14252:
14228:
14216:
14203:
14202:
14200:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14149:
14147:
14141:, archived from
14116:
14106:
14105:
14103:
14079:
14078:
14076:
14048:
14047:
14045:
14021:
14020:
14018:
13998:
13997:
13995:
13967:
13966:
13964:
13936:
13916:
13874:
13873:
13871:
13843:
13842:
13840:
13816:
13815:
13813:
13808:on 29 April 2011
13807:
13801:, archived from
13792:
13782:
13781:
13779:
13751:
13750:
13748:
13742:
13731:
13719:
13718:
13716:
13692:
13691:
13689:
13684:on 29 April 2011
13683:
13672:
13660:
13659:
13657:
13651:
13636:
13626:
13625:
13623:
13595:
13594:
13592:
13564:
13563:
13561:
13533:
13532:
13530:
13502:
13501:
13499:
13475:
13474:
13472:
13444:
13443:
13441:
13411:
13410:
13408:
13378:
13356:
13355:
13353:
13323:
13322:
13320:
13296:
13295:
13293:
13263:
13262:
13260:
13236:
13218:
13217:
13215:
13209:
13203:, archived from
13194:
13184:
13183:
13181:
13151:
13150:
13148:
13122:
13121:
13119:
13095:
13094:
13092:
13068:
13067:
13065:
13037:
13036:
13034:
12998:
12997:
12995:
12993:
12978:
12972:
12968:
12966:
12964:
12944:
12943:
12941:
12915:
12906:
12905:
12903:
12901:
12890:101languages.net
12882:
12876:
12875:
12864:
12858:
12857:
12848:
12842:
12841:
12829:
12823:
12822:
12810:
12800:
12794:
12793:
12773:
12767:
12766:
12756:
12750:
12749:
12729:
12723:
12722:
12720:
12718:
12704:
12698:
12697:
12695:
12693:
12684:. Archived from
12674:
12668:
12667:
12647:
12638:
12637:
12635:
12633:
12622:
12616:
12615:
12613:
12611:
12596:
12587:
12586:
12572:
12566:
12565:
12563:
12561:
12551:
12542:
12539:Donaldson (1993)
12536:
12530:
12524:
12518:
12512:
12506:
12504:
12502:
12500:
12489:
12480:
12474:
12468:
12465:Donaldson (1993)
12462:
12456:
12453:Donaldson (1993)
12450:
12444:
12441:Donaldson (1993)
12438:
12432:
12426:
12420:
12417:Donaldson (1993)
12414:
12408:
12407:, pp. 3, 7.
12405:Donaldson (1993)
12402:
12396:
12393:Donaldson (1993)
12390:
12384:
12381:Swanepoel (1927)
12378:
12372:
12369:Donaldson (1993)
12366:
12360:
12357:Donaldson (1993)
12354:
12348:
12345:Donaldson (1993)
12342:
12336:
12330:
12324:
12321:Donaldson (1993)
12318:
12312:
12311:
12299:
12293:
12292:
12281:
12275:
12274:
12272:
12266:. Archived from
12265:
12257:
12251:
12234:
12228:
12227:
12216:
12210:
12209:
12207:
12205:
12196:. Archived from
12185:
12179:
12178:
12176:
12174:
12169:on 31 March 2013
12165:. Archived from
12154:
12148:
12147:
12145:
12143:
12132:"Hannes van Zyl"
12128:
12122:
12118:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12092:
12082:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12071:
12065:
12054:
12046:
12040:
12039:
12037:
12035:
12020:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12009:
11999:
11991:
11980:
11979:
11977:
11975:
11960:
11949:
11948:
11930:
11924:
11918:
11912:
11911:
11909:
11907:
11884:
11878:
11872:
11866:
11860:
11854:
11853:
11842:
11836:
11830:
11824:
11823:
11821:
11819:
11796:
11790:
11784:
11778:
11772:
11766:
11760:
11754:
11748:
11742:
11736:
11727:
11721:
11715:
11709:
11703:
11697:
11691:
11685:
11679:
11673:
11667:
11649:
11643:
11642:
11640:
11638:
11629:. Archived from
11618:
11612:
11611:
11609:
11607:
11601:
11595:. Archived from
11594:
11586:
11580:
11579:
11574:
11568:
11567:
11565:
11563:
11542:
11536:
11535:
11522:
11516:
11515:
11514:on 5 March 2016.
11510:. Archived from
11508:Associated Press
11493:
11487:
11486:
11484:
11482:
11466:
11457:
11451:
11445:
11433:
11427:
11426:
11414:
11408:
11407:
11402:. Archived from
11396:
11390:
11389:
11369:
11363:
11362:
11360:
11339:
11328:
11322:
11321:
11319:
11317:
11307:
11300:
11294:
11293:
11278:
11272:
11271:
11256:
11250:
11249:
11247:
11245:
11234:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11223:
11212:
11206:
11205:
11203:
11201:
11190:
11184:
11183:
11181:
11179:
11168:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11157:
11146:
11140:
11139:
11119:
11109:
11103:
11102:
11100:
11098:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11072:
11057:
11051:
11050:
11048:
11046:
11030:
11024:
11023:
11021:
11019:
11004:
10998:
10997:
10975:
10966:
10965:
10943:
10937:
10936:
10934:
10932:
10919:(in Afrikaans).
10913:
10907:
10906:
10904:
10902:
10887:
10881:
10880:
10873:
10871:
10869:
10864:
10856:
10847:
10841:
10835:
10829:
10823:
10822:
10800:
10794:
10793:
10767:
10761:
10760:
10750:
10744:
10743:
10741:
10730:
10724:
10723:
10708:
10702:
10701:
10693:
10687:
10686:
10664:
10658:
10657:
10635:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10624:
10603:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10592:
10578:
10565:
10564:
10562:
10560:
10555:. Douglas Harper
10545:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10515:
10509:
10508:
10506:
10504:
10489:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10475:
10470:. Afrikaner Pers
10469:
10458:
10452:
10451:
10440:10.5842/47-0-649
10423:
10417:
10412:
10406:
10405:
10377:
10371:
10368:
10362:
10361:
10349:
10339:
10333:
10332:
10314:
10308:
10301:
10295:
10294:
10293:
10276:
10251:
10249:
10234:
10228:
10226:
10220:
10214:
10208:
10202:
10189:
10183:
10168:
10162:
10131:
10116:
10075:
10053:
10042:Arabic Afrikaans
10026:
10014:
10009:
10008:
10007:
10000:
9995:
9994:
9993:
9986:
9981:
9980:
9963:tot in ewigheid.
9848:
9840:
9814:
9806:
9795:
9790:
9783:
9778:
9770:
9766:
9755:
9750:
9743:
9739:
9734:
9726:
9722:
9706:
9697:
9685:
9677:
9665:
9657:
9646:
9639:
9631:
9623:
9604:
9596:
9566:
9559:
9553:
9546:
9542:
9531:
9523:
9515:
9511:
9499:
9491:
9479:
9471:
9463:
9452:
9447:
9440:
9435:
9428:
9424:
9419:
9411:
9403:
9395:
9391:
9387:
9383:
9371:
9363:
9353:is used instead
9351:
9342:
9330:
9322:
9314:
9303:
9296:
9287:
9275:
9267:
9259:
9247:
9239:
9227:
9219:
9207:
9199:
9191:
9179:
9171:
9162:
9158:
9142:
9134:
9114:
9110:
9099:
9094:
9087:
9082:
9075:
9070:
9062:
9058:
9054:
9042:
9034:
9007:
8999:
8987:
8979:
8967:
8959:
8947:
8939:
8931:
8919:
8911:
8899:
8891:
8883:
8871:
8852:
8844:
8836:
8824:
8816:
8799:
8796:('electricity';
8794:
8787:
8783:
8778:
8771:
8766:
8759:
8754:
8746:
8742:
8730:
8722:
8714:
8699:
8695:
8690:
8682:
8672:
8668:
8662:
8658:
8652:
8648:
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8426:
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8090:
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8069:
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8053:
8041:
8033:
8021:
8013:
8001:
7993:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7941:
7934:
7929:
7921:
7917:
7898:
7894:
7877:
7859:
7845:
7843:'n Man loop daar
7833:Did you eat it?
7830:
7823:
7821:'t Jy dit geëet?
7813:
7801:
7794:
7773:
7772:
7765:
7757:
7749:
7724:
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7632:
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6828:
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4778:
4772:
4759:
4676:
4657:
4649:
4637:
4629:
4618:
4610:
4604:
4600:
4595:is realized as .
4594:
4572:
4566:
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4536:
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4496:
4488:
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4332:
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4260:
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4214:
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4160:
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4128:
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3507:
3500:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3430:Literal English
3418:
3417:
3411:
3406:. With time the
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3377:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3310:speak Afrikaans.
3298:English: He can
3282:
3279:
3273:Afrikaans praat
3261:
3259:ontkennende vorm
3235:
3233:ik heb gedronken
3223:
3216:
3198:
3197:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2880:
2862:
2855:
2846:you are (plur.)
2843:
2836:
2824:
2817:
2805:
2798:
2789:you are (sing.)
2786:
2779:
2767:
2760:
2742:
2741:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2700:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2662:infinitive form
2659:
2658:
2645:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2594:
2586:
2497:
2487:
2479:
2465:
2457:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2208:
2204:
2086:
2059:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1922:Sociolinguistics
1889:
1887:
1886:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1697:
1695:
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1673:
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1649:
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1646:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1598:
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1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1464:
1435:
1414:
1400:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1262:
1238:
1230:
1221:
1213:
1203:
1195:
1180:
1092:
1085:
1053:
1037:Arabic Afrikaans
986:United Provinces
925:
908:
899:
876:
865:
864:
857:
856:
853:
847:
841:
835:
825:
794:
784:
778:
772:
766:
719:Obelisks of the
700:) spoken by the
690:Dutch vernacular
661:
657:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
630:
629:
626:
623:
612:
608:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
554:
539:
523:
475:
469:
464:
455:
441:
425:
418:
409:
408:
400:
391:
390:
382:
354:
352:
351:
342:language in
333:
331:
330:
310:Signed Afrikaans
305:
288:
147:
61:
46:
45:
21:
17849:
17848:
17844:
17843:
17842:
17840:
17839:
17838:
17779:
17778:
17777:
17772:
17686:
17682:Sotho (Sesotho)
17660:
17634:
17613:
17608:
17578:
17569:
17518:
17482:
17456:
17399:
17333:
17331:
17329:
17315:
17296:
17275:
17230:
17215:Southern Sotho
17207:Northern Sotho
17184:
17154:
17131:
17126:
17096:
17091:
17075:
17057:
17014:
16956:
16918:
16902:
16897:
16867:
16862:
16789:
16710:
16686:
16681:
16651:
16646:
16614:
16573:
16554:Germanic umlaut
16519:Holtzmann's law
16497:
16466:
16394:
16373:
16326:
16303:
16237:South Jutlandic
16222:Danish dialects
16188:
16069:
16012:
15983:
15965:East Franconian
15919:Viennese German
15832:
15813:Silesian German
15779:
15768:Central Hessian
15658:
15583:Namibian German
15572:
15563:
15541:Standard German
15535:
15521:New High German
15507:Old High German
15481:
15460:
15442:
15353:
15325:
15286:
15270:East Pomeranian
15260:Brandenburgisch
15247:East Low German
15241:
15168:Dutch Low Saxon
15160:West Low German
15154:
15112:
15078:Schiermonnikoog
15059:
14954:
14940:Wursten Frisian
14903:
14869:
14752:
14739:
14729:
14724:
14691:Wayback Machine
14638:
14624:"Boer language"
14616:
14577:
14575:Further reading
14572:
14564:
14562:
14543:
14541:
14519:
14517:
14498:
14483:
14473:
14441:
14421:
14410:
14395:
14393:
14374:
14372:
14370:
14343:
14341:
14339:
14312:
14310:
14308:
14281:
14279:
14277:
14250:
14248:
14246:
14225:
14214:
14198:
14196:
14194:
14171:
14169:
14167:
14145:
14114:
14101:
14099:
14097:
14074:
14072:
14070:
14043:
14041:
14039:
14016:
14014:
13993:
13991:
13989:
13962:
13960:
13958:
13934:
13869:
13867:
13865:
13838:
13836:
13834:
13811:
13809:
13805:
13790:
13777:
13775:
13773:
13746:
13744:
13740:
13729:
13714:
13712:
13710:
13687:
13685:
13681:
13670:
13655:
13653:
13649:
13634:
13621:
13619:
13617:
13590:
13588:
13586:
13559:
13557:
13555:
13528:
13526:
13524:
13497:
13495:
13493:
13485:, A. de Swaan,
13470:
13468:
13466:
13439:
13437:
13435:
13406:
13404:
13402:
13376:
13351:
13349:
13347:
13318:
13316:
13314:
13291:
13289:
13287:
13258:
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13254:
13234:
13213:
13211:
13207:
13192:
13179:
13177:
13175:
13146:
13144:
13142:
13117:
13115:
13113:
13090:
13088:
13086:
13063:
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13059:
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13028:
13007:
13002:
13001:
12991:
12989:
12980:
12979:
12975:
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12962:
12960:
12947:
12939:
12937:
12920:
12916:
12909:
12899:
12897:
12884:
12883:
12879:
12866:
12865:
12861:
12850:
12849:
12845:
12830:
12826:
12819:
12801:
12797:
12790:
12774:
12770:
12757:
12753:
12746:
12730:
12726:
12716:
12714:
12706:
12705:
12701:
12691:
12689:
12676:
12675:
12671:
12664:
12648:
12641:
12631:
12629:
12624:
12623:
12619:
12609:
12607:
12598:
12597:
12590:
12573:
12569:
12559:
12557:
12555:"Afrikaans 101"
12553:
12552:
12545:
12537:
12533:
12525:
12521:
12515:Bowerman (2004)
12513:
12509:
12498:
12496:
12491:
12490:
12483:
12475:
12471:
12463:
12459:
12451:
12447:
12439:
12435:
12427:
12423:
12415:
12411:
12403:
12399:
12391:
12387:
12379:
12375:
12367:
12363:
12359:, pp. 5–6.
12355:
12351:
12347:, pp. 4–6.
12343:
12339:
12331:
12327:
12323:, pp. 2–7.
12319:
12315:
12300:
12296:
12283:
12282:
12278:
12270:
12263:
12259:
12258:
12254:
12250:, 15 April 2009
12244:Wayback Machine
12235:
12231:
12218:
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12203:
12201:
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12172:
12170:
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12079:
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12063:
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12048:
12047:
12043:
12033:
12031:
12022:
12021:
12017:
12007:
12005:
11997:
11993:
11992:
11983:
11973:
11971:
11962:
11961:
11952:
11931:
11927:
11921:Gooskens (2007)
11919:
11915:
11905:
11903:
11901:
11885:
11881:
11875:Gooskens (2007)
11873:
11869:
11863:Gooskens (2007)
11861:
11857:
11844:
11843:
11839:
11831:
11827:
11817:
11815:
11813:
11797:
11793:
11787:Gooskens (2007)
11785:
11781:
11773:
11769:
11761:
11757:
11749:
11745:
11737:
11730:
11722:
11718:
11710:
11706:
11700:Mesthrie (2002)
11698:
11694:
11686:
11682:
11676:Mesthrie (1995)
11674:
11670:
11659:Wayback Machine
11650:
11646:
11636:
11634:
11627:Business Africa
11619:
11615:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11592:
11588:
11587:
11583:
11578:section 5(1)(a)
11577:
11575:
11571:
11561:
11559:
11544:
11543:
11539:
11524:
11523:
11519:
11494:
11490:
11480:
11478:
11467:
11460:
11454:Phaswana (2003)
11452:
11448:
11443:Wayback Machine
11434:
11430:
11415:
11411:
11398:
11397:
11393:
11386:
11370:
11366:
11358:
11352:
11337:
11329:
11325:
11315:
11313:
11302:
11301:
11297:
11280:
11279:
11275:
11258:
11257:
11253:
11243:
11241:
11236:
11235:
11231:
11221:
11219:
11214:
11213:
11209:
11199:
11197:
11192:
11191:
11187:
11177:
11175:
11170:
11169:
11165:
11155:
11153:
11148:
11147:
11143:
11136:
11110:
11106:
11096:
11094:
11093:on 25 July 2020
11085:
11084:
11080:
11070:
11068:
11059:
11058:
11054:
11044:
11042:
11031:
11027:
11017:
11015:
11006:
11005:
11001:
10994:
10976:
10969:
10944:
10940:
10930:
10928:
10915:
10914:
10910:
10900:
10898:
10897:. 16 March 2011
10889:
10888:
10884:
10874:
10867:
10865:
10857:
10850:
10842:
10838:
10830:
10826:
10819:
10801:
10797:
10782:
10768:
10764:
10751:
10747:
10739:
10731:
10727:
10709:
10705:
10694:
10690:
10683:
10665:
10661:
10654:
10646:. p. 132.
10636:
10632:
10622:
10620:
10605:
10604:
10600:
10590:
10588:
10580:
10579:
10568:
10558:
10556:
10547:
10546:
10542:
10532:
10530:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10502:
10500:
10491:
10490:
10483:
10473:
10471:
10467:
10459:
10455:
10424:
10420:
10413:
10409:
10378:
10374:
10369:
10365:
10358:
10340:
10336:
10329:
10315:
10311:
10302:
10298:
10288:
10277:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10254:
10235:
10231:
10209:
10205:
10190:
10186:
10174:, p. 338,
10169:
10165:
10157:, p. 131,
10153:, p. 203,
10149:, p. 205,
10145:, p. 214,
10137:, p. 160,
10132:
10128:
10123:
10077:(Arts Festival)
10010:
10005:
10003:
9996:
9991:
9989:
9984:Language portal
9982:
9975:
9972:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9956:
9954:
9952:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9942:
9940:
9938:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9921:
9919:
9917:
9915:
9913:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9890:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9873:
9863:
9425:for first 's',
8921:(plural 'you')
8893:('something'),
8788:respectively),
8332:respectively),
8117:(singular form
7884:
7799:Ek het dit gesê
7740:
7375:in Dutch. This
7065:Minuscule forms
6842:capital letters
6833:Majuscule forms
6745:
5210:Edict of Nantes
5206:
5132:, medium-sized
5104:Nguni languages
5053:tamboekie(gras)
5030:Bantu languages
5028:Loanwords from
5026:
5024:Bantu languages
4936:
4886:
4748:Classical Malay
4732:
4727:
4708:
4665:
4650:or a fricative
4477:
4431:
4383:
4344:
4290:
4268:
4239:
4212:
4193:
4163:Starting point
4152:
3719:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3569:The Dutch word
3253:double negative
2885:, and the verb
2881:('to be'), the
2646:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2611:
2595:
2584:
2578:
2500:Charlize Theron
2469:Poena Is Koning
2401:
2399:
2203:
2160:Bantu languages
2140:
2134:
2106:Richemont Group
2032:second language
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1884:
1882:
1860:
1858:
1836:
1834:
1812:
1810:
1788:
1786:
1764:
1762:
1740:
1738:
1716:
1714:
1692:
1690:
1668:
1666:
1644:
1642:
1620:
1618:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1551:
1529:sub-group, the
1483:
1407:Afrikaans Bible
1405:were the first
1394:
1375:Statenvertaling
1353:Textus Receptus
1336:
1326:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1239:
1228:
1149:
1147:Standardisation
1098:Second Boer War
1087:
1075:
1033:Arabic alphabet
963:
921:
906:
895:
885:
877:
874:Language family
872:
863:Hottentot Dutch
862:
861:
806:
801:
782:Kaap-Nederlands
759:
659:
655:
632:
620:
616:
610:
606:
568:
564:
545:
529:
512:
490:Without proper
478:
477:
473:
471:
467:
451:
437:
421:
414:
404:
403:
396:
386:
385:
378:
356:
349:
347:
343:
341:
328:
326:
323:
316:Official status
306:
301:
289:
284:
246:
218:
211:
148:
145:Language family
143:
136:
132:
131:Native speakers
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
95:Southern Africa
87:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17847:
17837:
17836:
17831:
17826:
17821:
17816:
17811:
17806:
17801:
17796:
17791:
17774:
17773:
17771:
17770:
17765:
17760:
17755:
17750:
17745:
17740:
17735:
17730:
17725:
17720:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17694:
17692:
17688:
17687:
17685:
17684:
17679:
17674:
17672:Chewa (Nyanja)
17668:
17666:
17662:
17661:
17659:
17658:
17653:
17648:
17642:
17640:
17636:
17635:
17633:
17632:
17627:
17621:
17619:
17615:
17614:
17607:
17606:
17599:
17592:
17584:
17575:
17574:
17571:
17570:
17568:
17567:
17562:
17557:
17552:
17547:
17545:Pretoria Sotho
17542:
17537:
17535:Oorlams Creole
17532:
17526:
17524:
17520:
17519:
17517:
17516:
17509:
17503:
17501:
17492:
17488:
17487:
17484:
17483:
17481:
17480:
17475:
17470:
17464:
17462:
17458:
17457:
17455:
17454:
17449:
17444:
17439:
17433:
17428:
17423:
17418:
17413:
17407:
17405:
17401:
17400:
17398:
17397:
17392:
17387:
17382:
17377:
17372:
17367:
17362:
17357:
17352:
17346:
17344:
17337:
17325:
17324:
17321:
17320:
17317:
17316:
17314:
17313:
17304:
17302:
17298:
17297:
17295:
17294:
17285:
17283:
17277:
17276:
17274:
17273:
17265:
17257:
17249:
17240:
17238:
17232:
17231:
17229:
17228:
17220:
17212:
17203:
17201:
17192:
17190:Southern Bantu
17186:
17185:
17183:
17182:
17177:
17171:
17169:
17160:
17156:
17155:
17153:
17152:
17147:
17142:
17136:
17133:
17132:
17125:
17124:
17117:
17110:
17102:
17093:
17092:
17090:
17089:
17083:
17081:
17077:
17076:
17074:
17073:
17067:
17065:
17063:Sign languages
17059:
17058:
17056:
17055:
17050:
17045:
17040:
17035:
17030:
17024:
17022:
17016:
17015:
17013:
17012:
17007:
17002:
16997:
16992:
16987:
16982:
16977:
16972:
16966:
16964:
16958:
16957:
16955:
16954:
16949:
16944:
16943:
16942:
16937:
16926:
16924:
16920:
16919:
16917:
16916:
16910:
16908:
16904:
16903:
16896:
16895:
16888:
16881:
16873:
16864:
16863:
16861:
16860:
16855:
16850:
16845:
16840:
16835:
16830:
16825:
16820:
16815:
16810:
16805:
16799:
16797:
16791:
16790:
16788:
16787:
16782:
16777:
16772:
16766:
16761:
16756:
16751:
16746:
16741:
16736:
16731:
16726:
16720:
16718:
16712:
16711:
16709:
16708:
16702:
16696:
16694:
16688:
16687:
16680:
16679:
16672:
16665:
16657:
16648:
16647:
16645:
16644:
16637:
16627:
16624:
16623:
16620:
16619:
16616:
16615:
16613:
16612:
16607:
16602:
16597:
16592:
16587:
16581:
16579:
16575:
16574:
16572:
16571:
16566:
16561:
16556:
16551:
16546:
16541:
16536:
16531:
16526:
16521:
16516:
16511:
16505:
16503:
16499:
16498:
16496:
16495:
16490:
16485:
16480:
16478:Proto-Germanic
16474:
16472:
16468:
16467:
16465:
16464:
16457:
16450:
16442:
16441:
16440:
16439:
16434:
16429:
16419:
16414:
16408:
16406:
16396:
16395:
16383:
16382:
16379:
16378:
16375:
16374:
16372:
16371:
16364:
16357:
16353:Crimean Gothic
16342:
16340:
16332:
16331:
16328:
16327:
16325:
16324:
16323:
16322:
16317:
16308:
16305:
16304:
16302:
16301:
16300:
16299:
16289:
16288:
16287:
16280:
16273:
16268:
16263:
16258:
16257:
16256:
16251:
16241:
16240:
16239:
16229:
16227:Insular Danish
16224:
16214:
16213:
16212:
16210:Rinkebysvenska
16207:
16196:
16194:
16190:
16189:
16187:
16186:
16179:
16172:
16171:
16170:
16163:
16151:
16146:
16145:
16144:
16137:
16130:
16124:
16118:
16113:
16108:
16103:
16098:
16093:
16088:
16077:
16075:
16071:
16070:
16068:
16067:
16066:
16065:
16058:
16056:Old East Norse
16053:
16051:Old West Norse
16041:
16033:
16031:
16024:
16014:
16013:
15997:
15996:
15993:
15992:
15989:
15988:
15985:
15984:
15982:
15981:
15974:
15973:
15972:
15962:
15957:
15956:
15955:
15954:
15953:
15948:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15931:South Tyrolean
15923:
15922:
15921:
15911:
15901:
15900:
15899:
15894:
15893:
15892:
15882:
15881:
15880:
15873:High Alemannic
15870:
15869:
15868:
15863:
15846:
15844:
15838:
15837:
15834:
15833:
15831:
15830:
15825:
15820:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15800:
15795:
15789:
15787:
15781:
15780:
15778:
15777:
15772:
15771:
15770:
15760:
15759:
15758:
15757:
15756:
15751:
15741:
15731:
15730:
15729:
15728:
15727:
15726:
15725:
15715:
15710:
15700:
15699:
15698:
15693:
15677:
15675:
15666:
15664:Central German
15660:
15659:
15657:
15656:
15655:
15654:
15649:
15642:
15637:
15632:
15622:
15617:
15616:
15615:
15605:
15603:Barossa German
15600:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15579:
15577:
15565:
15564:
15562:
15561:
15556:
15551:
15545:
15543:
15537:
15536:
15534:
15533:
15532:
15531:
15517:
15510:
15502:
15500:
15493:
15487:
15486:
15483:
15482:
15480:
15479:
15474:
15468:
15466:
15462:
15461:
15459:
15458:
15452:
15450:
15444:
15443:
15441:
15440:
15423:
15418:
15413:
15407:
15406:
15401:
15396:
15391:
15386:
15385:
15384:
15382:French Flemish
15374:
15373:
15372:
15361:
15359:
15355:
15354:
15352:
15351:
15341:
15335:
15333:
15327:
15326:
15324:
15323:
15318:
15313:
15307:
15305:
15298:
15296:Low Franconian
15292:
15291:
15288:
15287:
15285:
15284:
15283:
15282:
15272:
15267:
15262:
15257:
15251:
15249:
15243:
15242:
15240:
15239:
15234:
15229:
15228:
15227:
15217:
15216:
15215:
15210:
15205:
15204:
15203:
15198:
15190:
15185:
15180:
15175:
15164:
15162:
15156:
15155:
15153:
15152:
15145:
15137:
15135:
15128:
15122:
15121:
15118:
15117:
15114:
15113:
15111:
15110:
15109:
15108:
15103:
15102:
15101:
15100:
15099:
15097:Westereendersk
15091:
15080:
15075:
15069:
15067:
15061:
15060:
15058:
15057:
15056:
15055:
15050:
15043:
15038:
15037:
15036:
15031:
15028:
15020:
15015:
15014:
15013:
15002:
15001:
15000:
14995:
14990:
14989:
14988:
14983:
14975:
14964:
14962:
14956:
14955:
14953:
14952:
14951:
14950:
14943:
14936:
14924:
14923:
14922:
14913:
14911:
14905:
14904:
14902:
14901:
14898:Middle Frisian
14894:
14886:
14884:
14877:
14871:
14870:
14868:
14867:
14866:
14865:
14858:
14846:
14845:
14844:
14837:
14830:
14818:
14817:
14816:
14815:
14814:
14804:Modern English
14800:
14797:Middle English
14793:
14786:
14775:
14773:
14764:
14754:
14753:
14741:
14740:
14734:
14731:
14730:
14723:
14722:
14715:
14708:
14700:
14694:
14693:
14678:
14667:
14661:
14655:
14650:
14644:
14637:
14636:External links
14634:
14633:
14632:
14619:
14614:
14601:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14570:
14549:
14525:
14516:on 16 May 2010
14503:
14476:
14471:
14444:
14439:
14426:
14401:
14380:
14368:
14349:
14337:
14318:
14306:
14287:
14275:
14256:
14244:
14229:
14223:
14204:
14192:
14177:
14165:
14150:
14125:(4): 459–474,
14107:
14095:
14080:
14068:
14049:
14037:
14022:
13999:
13987:
13968:
13956:
13937:
13932:
13917:
13875:
13863:
13844:
13832:
13817:
13783:
13771:
13752:
13720:
13708:
13693:
13661:
13627:
13615:
13596:
13584:
13565:
13553:
13534:
13522:
13503:
13491:
13476:
13464:
13445:
13433:
13412:
13400:
13379:
13374:
13357:
13345:
13324:
13312:
13297:
13285:
13264:
13252:
13237:
13232:
13219:
13185:
13173:
13152:
13140:
13123:
13111:
13096:
13084:
13069:
13057:
13038:
13026:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13000:
12999:
12973:
12970:
12969:
12959:on 11 May 2020
12945:
12936:on 11 May 2020
12917:
12907:
12877:
12872:Toward Freedom
12859:
12843:
12824:
12817:
12795:
12788:
12768:
12751:
12744:
12724:
12699:
12669:
12662:
12639:
12617:
12588:
12567:
12543:
12531:
12529:, p. 117.
12519:
12517:, p. 939.
12507:
12481:
12469:
12457:
12445:
12433:
12421:
12409:
12397:
12385:
12373:
12361:
12349:
12337:
12333:Wissing (2016)
12325:
12313:
12294:
12276:
12252:
12229:
12211:
12180:
12149:
12123:
12113:
12099:
12077:
12041:
12015:
12002:statssa.gov.za
11981:
11950:
11925:
11923:, p. 463.
11913:
11900:978-9027219268
11899:
11879:
11877:, p. 464.
11867:
11865:, p. 460.
11855:
11837:
11825:
11811:
11791:
11779:
11767:
11765:, p. 232.
11755:
11753:, p. 302.
11743:
11728:
11726:, p. 338.
11716:
11714:, p. 161.
11704:
11702:, p. 205.
11692:
11690:, p. 132.
11680:
11678:, p. 214.
11668:
11644:
11613:
11581:
11569:
11537:
11517:
11488:
11458:
11456:, p. 120.
11446:
11428:
11423:Business Daily
11409:
11391:
11384:
11364:
11350:
11323:
11295:
11273:
11251:
11229:
11207:
11185:
11163:
11141:
11134:
11104:
11078:
11067:on 9 June 2008
11052:
11035:"Bybelstudies"
11025:
10999:
10992:
10967:
10938:
10927:on 4 June 2011
10908:
10882:
10848:
10846:, p. 256.
10836:
10824:
10818:978-0521152662
10817:
10795:
10780:
10762:
10745:
10725:
10703:
10688:
10681:
10659:
10652:
10630:
10598:
10566:
10540:
10510:
10481:
10453:
10418:
10407:
10372:
10363:
10356:
10334:
10327:
10309:
10296:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10253:
10252:
10229:
10203:
10184:
10182:, p. 161.
10163:
10161:, p. 132.
10125:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10117:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10016:
10015:
10001:
9987:
9971:
9968:
9862:
9859:
9856:
9855:
9854:and loanwords
9841:
9836:
9832:
9831:
9825:
9822:
9818:
9817:
9807:
9802:
9798:
9797:
9771:
9762:
9758:
9757:
9727:
9718:
9714:
9713:
9699:
9693:
9689:
9688:
9678:
9673:
9669:
9668:
9658:
9653:
9649:
9648:
9615:
9612:
9608:
9607:
9597:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9577:
9574:
9570:
9569:
9547:
9538:
9534:
9533:
9516:
9507:
9503:
9502:
9492:
9487:
9483:
9482:
9481:('chocolate')
9464:
9459:
9455:
9454:
9396:
9379:
9375:
9374:
9364:
9359:
9355:
9354:
9343:
9338:
9334:
9333:
9315:
9310:
9306:
9305:
9288:
9283:
9279:
9278:
9260:
9255:
9251:
9250:
9240:
9235:
9231:
9230:
9220:
9215:
9211:
9210:
9192:
9187:
9183:
9182:
9163:
9154:
9150:
9149:
9135:
9130:
9126:
9125:
9115:
9106:
9102:
9101:
9063:
9050:
9046:
9045:
9035:
9030:
9026:
9025:
9018:
9015:
9011:
9010:
9000:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8980:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8960:
8955:
8951:
8950:
8932:
8927:
8923:
8922:
8912:
8907:
8903:
8902:
8884:
8879:
8875:
8874:
8863:
8860:
8856:
8855:
8837:
8832:
8828:
8827:
8809:
8806:
8802:
8801:
8747:
8738:
8734:
8733:
8715:
8710:
8706:
8705:
8683:
8678:
8674:
8673:
8640:
8631:
8627:
8626:
8616:
8611:
8607:
8606:
8596:
8591:
8587:
8586:
8576:
8571:
8567:
8566:
8556:
8551:
8547:
8546:
8528:
8523:
8519:
8518:
8491:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8451:
8442:
8438:
8437:
8402:
8397:
8393:
8392:
8374:
8361:
8357:
8356:
8291:
8270:
8266:
8265:
8236:
8227:
8223:
8222:
8204:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8173:('chemistry';
8144:
8131:
8127:
8126:
8107:
8098:
8094:
8093:
8083:
8077:
8073:
8072:
8054:
8049:
8045:
8044:
8034:
8029:
8025:
8024:
8014:
8009:
8005:
8004:
7994:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7978:
7975:
7971:
7970:
7964:
7961:
7957:
7956:
7947:). Represents
7943:('languages';
7922:
7913:
7909:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7883:
7880:
7867:
7866:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7838:
7837:
7834:
7831:
7824:
7816:
7815:
7805:
7802:
7795:
7792:'k 't Dit gesê
7787:
7786:
7783:
7780:
7779:Usual version
7777:
7739:
7736:
7324:waarschijnlijk
7239:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7221:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7188:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7093:
7090:
7085:
7082:
7078:
7077:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6749:writing system
6747:The Afrikaans
6744:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6710:
6709:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6598:
6597:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6542:
6541:
6538:
6531:
6524:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6486:
6485:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6178:
6177:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6150:
6149:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6010:
6009:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5271:
5264:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5176:
5157:
5142:
5123:
5106:
5087:
5025:
5022:
5006:
5005:
4992:
4982:
4964:
4950:
4935:
4932:
4918:('corn', from
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4869:, which means
4860:
4836:
4820:
4780:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4707:
4704:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4620:
4606:
4596:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4548:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4530:
4528:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4505:
4498:
4489:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4464:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4120:
4114:
4099:
4087:
4069:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3944:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3919:
3912:
3903:
3896:
3887:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3846:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3810:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3718:
3715:
3691:Main article:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3528:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3312:
3311:
3296:
3286:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3217:
3214:ek het gedrink
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:hij/zij/het is
2799:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2648:
2647:
2630:September 2019
2598:
2596:
2589:
2580:Main article:
2577:
2574:
2510:Sharlto Copley
2421:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2202:
2201:Current status
2199:
2136:Main article:
2133:
2130:
2122:Alfred Dunhill
2001:Bophuthatswana
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:United States
1879:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:United Kingdom
1711:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1502:Low Franconian
1482:
1481:Classification
1479:
1471:Roman Catholic
1417:Gospel of Mark
1332:Main article:
1328:
1327:
1242:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1214:, compiled by
1169:doggerel verse
1148:
1145:
1074:
1071:
1063:Standard Dutch
1029:Muslim schools
984:were from the
970:Standard Dutch
962:
959:
955:
954:
939:
927:
926:
919:
911:
910:
900:
892:
891:
890:Language codes
887:
886:
880:
878:
871:
868:
867:
823:Kaaps Hollands
814:Dutch dialects
805:
802:
800:
797:
758:
755:
508:
507:
494:, you may see
480:
479:
472:
466:
465:
457:
456:
449:
443:
442:
435:
427:
426:
419:
411:
410:
401:
393:
392:
383:
375:
374:
373:Language codes
370:
369:
364:
358:
357:
346:
344:
339:
336:
335:
324:
321:
318:
317:
313:
312:
307:
300:
297:
296:
290:
286:Writing system
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
259:
252:
248:
247:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
221:
219:
216:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
197:
196:
195:
173:Low Franconian
151:
149:
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
127:
126:
112:Cape Coloureds
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
69:
67:
66:Native to
63:
62:
55:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17846:
17835:
17832:
17830:
17827:
17825:
17822:
17820:
17817:
17815:
17812:
17810:
17807:
17805:
17802:
17800:
17797:
17795:
17792:
17790:
17787:
17786:
17784:
17769:
17766:
17764:
17761:
17759:
17756:
17754:
17751:
17749:
17746:
17744:
17741:
17739:
17736:
17734:
17731:
17729:
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17695:
17693:
17689:
17683:
17680:
17678:
17675:
17673:
17670:
17669:
17667:
17663:
17657:
17654:
17652:
17649:
17647:
17644:
17643:
17641:
17637:
17631:
17630:Swazi (Swati)
17628:
17626:
17623:
17622:
17620:
17616:
17612:
17605:
17600:
17598:
17593:
17591:
17586:
17585:
17582:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17533:
17531:
17528:
17527:
17525:
17521:
17515:
17514:
17510:
17508:
17505:
17504:
17502:
17500:
17496:
17493:
17489:
17479:
17476:
17474:
17471:
17469:
17466:
17465:
17463:
17459:
17453:
17450:
17448:
17445:
17443:
17440:
17437:
17434:
17432:
17429:
17427:
17424:
17422:
17419:
17417:
17414:
17412:
17409:
17408:
17406:
17402:
17396:
17393:
17391:
17388:
17386:
17383:
17381:
17378:
17376:
17373:
17371:
17368:
17366:
17363:
17361:
17358:
17356:
17353:
17351:
17348:
17347:
17345:
17341:
17338:
17336:
17326:
17312:
17311:
17306:
17305:
17303:
17299:
17293:
17292:
17287:
17286:
17284:
17282:
17278:
17272:
17271:
17266:
17264:
17263:
17258:
17256:
17255:
17250:
17248:
17247:
17242:
17241:
17239:
17237:
17233:
17227:
17226:
17221:
17219:
17218:
17213:
17211:
17210:
17205:
17204:
17202:
17200:
17196:
17193:
17191:
17187:
17181:
17178:
17176:
17173:
17172:
17170:
17168:
17167:West Germanic
17164:
17161:
17157:
17151:
17148:
17146:
17143:
17141:
17138:
17137:
17134:
17130:
17123:
17118:
17116:
17111:
17109:
17104:
17103:
17100:
17088:
17085:
17084:
17082:
17078:
17072:
17069:
17068:
17066:
17064:
17060:
17054:
17051:
17049:
17046:
17044:
17041:
17039:
17036:
17034:
17031:
17029:
17026:
17025:
17023:
17021:
17017:
17011:
17008:
17006:
17003:
17001:
16998:
16996:
16993:
16991:
16988:
16986:
16983:
16981:
16978:
16976:
16973:
16971:
16968:
16967:
16965:
16963:
16959:
16953:
16950:
16948:
16945:
16941:
16938:
16936:
16933:
16932:
16931:
16928:
16927:
16925:
16921:
16915:
16912:
16911:
16909:
16905:
16901:
16894:
16889:
16887:
16882:
16880:
16875:
16874:
16871:
16859:
16856:
16854:
16851:
16849:
16846:
16844:
16841:
16839:
16836:
16834:
16831:
16829:
16826:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16804:
16801:
16800:
16798:
16796:
16792:
16786:
16783:
16781:
16778:
16776:
16773:
16770:
16767:
16765:
16762:
16760:
16757:
16755:
16752:
16750:
16747:
16745:
16742:
16740:
16737:
16735:
16732:
16730:
16727:
16725:
16722:
16721:
16719:
16717:
16713:
16706:
16703:
16701:
16698:
16697:
16695:
16693:
16692:Indo-European
16689:
16685:
16678:
16673:
16671:
16666:
16664:
16659:
16658:
16655:
16642:
16638:
16636:
16632:
16629:
16628:
16625:
16611:
16608:
16606:
16603:
16601:
16598:
16596:
16593:
16591:
16588:
16586:
16585:Germanic verb
16583:
16582:
16580:
16576:
16570:
16567:
16565:
16562:
16560:
16557:
16555:
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16542:
16540:
16537:
16535:
16532:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16524:Sievers's law
16522:
16520:
16517:
16515:
16512:
16510:
16507:
16506:
16504:
16500:
16494:
16491:
16489:
16486:
16484:
16481:
16479:
16476:
16475:
16473:
16471:Reconstructed
16469:
16463:
16462:
16458:
16456:
16455:
16451:
16449:
16448:
16444:
16443:
16438:
16435:
16433:
16430:
16428:
16425:
16424:
16423:
16420:
16418:
16415:
16413:
16410:
16409:
16407:
16405:
16401:
16397:
16393:
16388:
16384:
16370:
16369:
16365:
16363:
16362:
16358:
16355:
16354:
16349:
16348:
16344:
16343:
16341:
16339:
16338:
16333:
16321:
16318:
16316:
16313:
16312:
16310:
16309:
16306:
16298:
16295:
16294:
16293:
16290:
16286:
16285:
16284:Middle Danish
16281:
16279:
16278:
16274:
16272:
16269:
16267:
16264:
16262:
16259:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16247:
16246:
16245:
16242:
16238:
16235:
16234:
16233:
16230:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16219:
16218:
16215:
16211:
16208:
16206:
16203:
16202:
16201:
16198:
16197:
16195:
16191:
16185:
16184:
16180:
16178:
16177:
16173:
16169:
16168:
16164:
16162:
16161:
16160:Old Icelandic
16157:
16156:
16155:
16152:
16150:
16147:
16143:
16142:
16138:
16136:
16135:
16134:Old Norwegian
16131:
16128:
16125:
16122:
16119:
16117:
16114:
16112:
16109:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16083:
16082:
16079:
16078:
16076:
16072:
16064:
16063:
16059:
16057:
16054:
16052:
16049:
16048:
16047:
16046:
16042:
16040:
16039:
16035:
16034:
16032:
16028:
16025:
16023:
16019:
16015:
16011:
16007:
16002:
15998:
15980:
15979:
15975:
15971:
15968:
15967:
15966:
15963:
15961:
15958:
15952:
15951:Gottscheerish
15949:
15947:
15944:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15934:
15932:
15929:
15928:
15927:
15924:
15920:
15917:
15916:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15906:
15905:
15902:
15898:
15895:
15891:
15890:Walser German
15888:
15887:
15886:
15883:
15879:
15876:
15875:
15874:
15871:
15867:
15864:
15862:
15859:
15858:
15857:
15856:Low Alemannic
15854:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15847:
15845:
15843:
15839:
15829:
15826:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15818:High Prussian
15816:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15803:Erzgebirgisch
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15790:
15788:
15786:
15782:
15776:
15773:
15769:
15766:
15765:
15764:
15761:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15746:
15745:
15742:
15740:
15737:
15736:
15735:
15732:
15724:
15721:
15720:
15719:
15716:
15714:
15711:
15709:
15708:Luxembourgish
15706:
15705:
15704:
15701:
15697:
15694:
15692:
15689:
15688:
15687:
15684:
15683:
15682:
15679:
15678:
15676:
15674:
15670:
15667:
15665:
15661:
15653:
15650:
15648:
15647:
15646:Klezmer-loshn
15643:
15641:
15640:Scots Yiddish
15638:
15636:
15633:
15631:
15628:
15627:
15626:
15623:
15621:
15618:
15614:
15611:
15610:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15601:
15599:
15596:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15584:
15581:
15580:
15578:
15576:
15571:
15566:
15560:
15557:
15555:
15552:
15550:
15547:
15546:
15544:
15542:
15538:
15530:
15529:
15525:
15524:
15523:
15522:
15518:
15516:
15515:
15511:
15509:
15508:
15504:
15503:
15501:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15488:
15478:
15477:Meuse-Rhenish
15475:
15473:
15470:
15469:
15467:
15463:
15457:
15454:
15453:
15451:
15449:
15445:
15439:
15435:
15431:
15427:
15424:
15422:
15419:
15417:
15414:
15412:
15409:
15408:
15405:
15404:Kleverlandish
15402:
15400:
15397:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15383:
15380:
15379:
15378:
15375:
15371:
15368:
15367:
15366:
15365:Central Dutch
15363:
15362:
15360:
15356:
15349:
15345:
15342:
15340:
15337:
15336:
15334:
15332:
15328:
15322:
15319:
15317:
15314:
15312:
15309:
15308:
15306:
15302:
15299:
15297:
15293:
15281:
15278:
15277:
15276:
15273:
15271:
15268:
15266:
15263:
15261:
15258:
15256:
15253:
15252:
15250:
15248:
15244:
15238:
15235:
15233:
15230:
15226:
15223:
15222:
15221:
15218:
15214:
15211:
15209:
15206:
15202:
15199:
15197:
15194:
15193:
15191:
15189:
15186:
15184:
15181:
15179:
15176:
15174:
15173:Stellingwarfs
15171:
15170:
15169:
15166:
15165:
15163:
15161:
15157:
15151:
15150:
15146:
15144:
15143:
15139:
15138:
15136:
15132:
15129:
15127:
15123:
15107:
15104:
15098:
15095:
15094:
15093:Wood Frisian
15092:
15089:
15088:
15087:
15084:
15083:
15081:
15079:
15076:
15074:
15071:
15070:
15068:
15066:
15062:
15054:
15051:
15049:
15048:
15044:
15042:
15039:
15035:
15032:
15029:
15026:
15025:
15024:
15021:
15019:
15016:
15011:
15010:
15009:
15006:
15005:
15003:
14999:
14996:
14994:
14991:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14978:
14976:
14974:
14973:
14969:
14968:
14966:
14965:
14963:
14961:
14960:North Frisian
14957:
14949:
14948:
14944:
14942:
14941:
14937:
14935:
14934:
14930:
14929:
14928:
14925:
14921:
14918:
14917:
14915:
14914:
14912:
14910:
14906:
14900:
14899:
14895:
14893:
14892:
14888:
14887:
14885:
14881:
14878:
14876:
14872:
14864:
14863:
14859:
14857:
14856:
14852:
14851:
14850:
14847:
14843:
14842:
14838:
14836:
14835:
14831:
14829:
14828:
14824:
14823:
14822:
14819:
14813:
14812:
14808:
14807:
14806:
14805:
14801:
14799:
14798:
14794:
14792:
14791:
14787:
14785:
14782:
14781:
14780:
14777:
14776:
14774:
14772:
14768:
14765:
14763:
14762:Anglo-Frisian
14759:
14755:
14751:
14746:
14742:
14738:
14732:
14728:
14721:
14716:
14714:
14709:
14707:
14702:
14701:
14698:
14692:
14688:
14685:
14683:
14679:
14677:
14673:
14672:
14668:
14665:
14662:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14648:
14645:
14643:
14642:afrikaans.com
14640:
14639:
14629:
14625:
14620:
14617:
14615:0-521-53383-X
14611:
14607:
14602:
14599:
14595:
14591:
14587:
14583:
14579:
14578:
14561:
14557:
14556:
14550:
14539:
14535:
14531:
14526:
14515:
14511:
14510:
14504:
14497:
14493:
14489:
14482:
14477:
14474:
14472:9789027297631
14468:
14464:
14460:
14456:
14452:
14451:
14445:
14442:
14440:0-520-07893-4
14436:
14432:
14427:
14420:
14416:
14409:
14408:
14402:
14392:
14388:
14387:
14381:
14371:
14369:9780199286751
14365:
14361:
14357:
14356:
14350:
14340:
14338:9781139462020
14334:
14330:
14326:
14325:
14319:
14309:
14307:9780312175719
14303:
14299:
14295:
14294:
14288:
14278:
14276:9782910212308
14272:
14268:
14265:(in French),
14264:
14263:
14257:
14247:
14245:9783823362289
14241:
14237:
14236:
14230:
14226:
14224:9780415261388
14220:
14213:
14212:
14205:
14195:
14193:9781576073353
14189:
14185:
14184:
14178:
14168:
14166:9780521781541
14162:
14158:
14157:
14151:
14144:
14140:
14136:
14132:
14128:
14124:
14120:
14113:
14108:
14098:
14096:9780631219378
14092:
14088:
14087:
14081:
14071:
14069:9780521791052
14065:
14061:
14057:
14056:
14050:
14040:
14038:9780864862808
14034:
14030:
14029:
14023:
14013:
14009:
14005:
14000:
13990:
13988:9783110147544
13984:
13980:
13976:
13975:
13969:
13959:
13957:9780191552489
13953:
13949:
13945:
13944:
13938:
13935:
13933:90-6765-297-0
13929:
13925:
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13918:
13915:
13911:
13907:
13903:
13899:
13895:
13891:
13887:
13883:
13882:
13876:
13866:
13864:9783110183375
13860:
13856:
13852:
13851:
13845:
13835:
13833:9781853597251
13829:
13825:
13824:
13818:
13804:
13800:
13796:
13789:
13784:
13774:
13772:9780521359405
13768:
13764:
13760:
13759:
13753:
13739:
13735:
13728:
13727:
13721:
13711:
13709:9781853593468
13705:
13701:
13700:
13694:
13680:
13676:
13669:
13668:
13662:
13648:
13644:
13640:
13633:
13628:
13618:
13616:9783110128550
13612:
13608:
13604:
13603:
13597:
13587:
13585:9783110119954
13581:
13577:
13573:
13572:
13566:
13556:
13554:9783110134261
13550:
13546:
13542:
13541:
13535:
13525:
13519:
13515:
13511:
13510:
13504:
13494:
13492:9780745627489
13488:
13484:
13483:
13477:
13467:
13461:
13457:
13453:
13452:
13446:
13436:
13430:
13426:
13422:
13418:
13413:
13403:
13397:
13393:
13389:
13385:
13380:
13377:
13371:
13367:
13363:
13358:
13348:
13342:
13338:
13334:
13330:
13325:
13315:
13313:9781593116170
13309:
13305:
13304:
13298:
13288:
13286:9783110180992
13282:
13278:
13274:
13270:
13265:
13255:
13249:
13245:
13244:
13238:
13235:
13233:3-11-017532-0
13229:
13225:
13220:
13210:on 3 May 2011
13206:
13202:
13198:
13191:
13186:
13176:
13174:0-19-823869-X
13170:
13166:
13162:
13158:
13153:
13143:
13141:9781853598081
13137:
13133:
13129:
13124:
13114:
13112:9780786427000
13108:
13104:
13103:
13097:
13087:
13085:9781853593628
13081:
13077:
13076:
13070:
13060:
13058:9782747576369
13054:
13050:
13047:(in French),
13046:
13045:
13039:
13029:
13027:9781853592393
13023:
13019:
13015:
13010:
13009:
12987:
12983:
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12954:
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12891:
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12791:
12789:9780907995494
12785:
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12772:
12764:
12763:
12755:
12747:
12745:9780625003280
12741:
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12728:
12713:
12709:
12703:
12687:
12683:
12679:
12673:
12665:
12663:9780520255609
12659:
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12654:
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12644:
12627:
12621:
12605:
12601:
12595:
12593:
12584:
12583:
12578:
12571:
12556:
12550:
12548:
12541:, p. 15.
12540:
12535:
12528:
12523:
12516:
12511:
12494:
12488:
12486:
12478:
12473:
12466:
12461:
12454:
12449:
12443:, p. 10.
12442:
12437:
12430:
12425:
12418:
12413:
12406:
12401:
12394:
12389:
12383:, p. 38.
12382:
12377:
12370:
12365:
12358:
12353:
12346:
12341:
12334:
12329:
12322:
12317:
12309:
12305:
12298:
12290:
12289:Afrilaans.com
12286:
12280:
12269:
12262:
12256:
12249:
12248:Screen Africa
12245:
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12127:
12117:
12106:
12102:
12100:9780621413885
12096:
12089:
12088:
12081:
12066:on 5 May 2005
12062:
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11996:
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10963:
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10951:
10950:
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10863:
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10773:
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10738:
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10729:
10721:
10719:
10714:
10707:
10699:
10692:
10684:
10678:
10675:. p. 8.
10674:
10670:
10663:
10655:
10649:
10645:
10641:
10634:
10618:
10614:
10613:
10608:
10602:
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10573:
10571:
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10306:
10300:
10292:
10286:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10273:
10268:
10248:
10243:
10242:Northern Cape
10239:
10233:
10225:
10219:
10213:
10207:
10200:
10196:
10195:
10188:
10181:
10177:
10173:
10167:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10147:Mesthrie 2002
10144:
10143:Mesthrie 1995
10140:
10136:
10130:
10126:
10115:
10114:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
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10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10073:
10067:
10065:
10064:IPA/Afrikaans
10062:
10060:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10051:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:Arts Festival
10027:
10025:
10024:
10018:
10017:
10013:
10002:
9999:
9988:
9985:
9979:
9974:
9966:
9934:
9932:
9931:Lord's Prayer
9927:
9903:
9901:
9900:Lord's Prayer
9896:
9886:
9884:
9879:
9869:
9867:
9853:
9849:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9834:
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9808:
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9789:
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9772:
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9711:
9707:
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9700:
9694:
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9690:
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9684:
9679:
9674:
9671:
9670:
9666:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9651:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9638:
9632:
9630:
9624:
9622:
9616:
9613:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9585:
9581:
9578:
9575:
9572:
9571:
9567:
9565:
9558:
9552:
9548:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9524:
9522:
9517:
9508:
9505:
9504:
9500:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9485:
9484:
9480:
9478:
9472:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9457:
9456:
9448:
9446:
9437:('rational',
9436:
9434:
9421:('position',
9420:
9418:
9412:
9410:
9404:
9402:
9397:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9372:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9357:
9356:
9352:
9350:
9344:
9339:
9336:
9335:
9331:
9329:
9323:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9308:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9295:
9289:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9276:
9274:
9268:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9253:
9252:
9248:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9228:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9208:
9206:
9200:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9185:
9184:
9180:
9178:
9172:
9170:
9164:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9147:
9143:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9128:
9127:
9123:
9119:
9116:
9107:
9104:
9103:
9095:
9093:
9083:
9081:
9071:
9069:
9064:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9043:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9028:
9027:
9023:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9008:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8988:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8968:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8953:
8952:
8948:
8946:
8940:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8920:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8900:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8872:
8870:
8864:
8861:
8858:
8857:
8853:
8851:
8845:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8825:
8823:
8817:
8815:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8803:
8795:
8793:
8792:elektrisiteit
8779:
8777:
8767:
8765:
8755:
8753:
8748:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8731:
8729:
8723:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8703:
8691:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8667:
8657:
8641:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8604:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8589:
8588:
8584:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8560:
8557:
8552:
8549:
8548:
8544:
8542:
8537:('to know'),
8536:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8516:
8514:
8508:
8506:
8500:
8498:
8492:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8472:
8467:
8465:
8459:
8457:
8452:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8427:
8425:
8419:
8417:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8375:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8343:
8339:
8337:
8323:
8321:
8311:
8309:
8299:
8297:
8292:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8264:
8260:
8258:
8252:
8250:
8244:
8242:
8237:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8220:
8218:
8212:
8210:
8205:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8184:
8182:
8172:
8170:
8164:
8162:
8152:
8150:
8145:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8124:
8122:
8116:
8114:
8108:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8091:
8089:
8084:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8070:
8068:
8062:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8042:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8022:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8002:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7942:
7940:
7930:
7928:
7923:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7893:
7891:
7890:
7879:
7876:
7864:
7860:
7858:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7825:
7822:
7818:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7811:Ek't dit gesê
7806:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7788:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7758:
7756:
7750:
7748:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7723:
7717:
7715:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7631:
7625:
7623:
7617:
7615:
7608:
7606:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7527:
7521:
7517:
7515:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7444:
7443:
7437:
7433:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7417:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7401:
7399:
7393:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7380:
7374:
7372:
7366:
7364:
7358:
7356:
7349:
7344:
7342:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7325:
7315:
7313:
7308:
7304:
7302:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7282:
7280:
7274:
7272:
7258:
7256:
7250:
7248:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7129:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7074:small letters
7071:
7068:(also called
7067:
7066:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6836:(also called
6835:
6834:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6819:
6818:
6812:
6808:
6803:
6802:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6773:'sea duck'),
6771:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6735:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6644:
6641:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6584:rondte, ronde
6581:
6579:
6577:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6460:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6292:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6208:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5984:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5224:in his book:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5198:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5148:
5147:tamboekiegras
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5112:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5031:
5021:
5018:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4809:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4738:community in
4737:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4685:
4675:
4669:
4655:
4647:
4641:
4640:Cape Province
4635:
4627:
4621:
4616:
4607:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:Ending point
4161:
4157:
4144:
4140:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4100:
4096:
4088:
4079:
4070:
4053:
4045:
4027:
4023:'mirror' and
4018:
4006:As phonemes,
4005:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3753:
3748:
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3710:
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3694:
3679:
3676:
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3646:
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3638:
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3597:
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3487:
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3477:
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3466:
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3451:
3448:
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3441:
3437:
3436:
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3426:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3351:Compare with
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:West Flanders
3317:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3238:I have drunk
3237:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:he/she/it is
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2633:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2599:This section
2597:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:KwaZulu-Natal
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Northern Cape
2265:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:Johann Rupert
2099:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:mother tongue
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1928:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1592: 80–100%
1560:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:West Germanic
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:West Germanic
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1452:'s theory of
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1424:J. D. du Toit
1420:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1349:New Testament
1346:
1341:
1335:
1324:
1321:
1313:
1310:February 2024
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271: –
1270:
1266:
1265:Find sources:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1243:This section
1241:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Dutch dialect
1055:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:Cape Coloured
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
971:
967:
958:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
934:
933:
932:
924:
920:
918:
917:
912:
904:
901:
898:
893:
888:
884:
879:
875:
869:
858:
855:
852:
846:
840:
834:
829:
824:
819:
815:
811:
796:
793:
788:
783:
777:
776:Kaap-Hollands
771:
767:(now spelled
765:
754:
752:
748:
744:
741:
737:
733:
726:
722:
717:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:South Holland
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
650:
614:
613:
601:
562:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
487:
481:
463:
458:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
417:
412:
407:
402:
399:
394:
389:
384:
381:
376:
371:
368:
365:
363:
359:
345:
337:
325:
319:
314:
311:
308:
304:
298:
295:
294:Arabic script
291:
287:
281:
276:
273:
271:
270:Northern Cape
268:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
253:
249:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
225:
224:
220:
214:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
184:
183:Central Dutch
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
163:West Germanic
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:Indo-European
150:
146:
140:
134:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:Pronunciation
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
17645:
17511:
17438:(historical)
17309:
17290:
17269:
17261:
17253:
17246:(isiNdebele)
17245:
17224:
17216:
17208:
17199:Sotho–Tswana
17174:
16946:
16699:
16630:
16514:Verner's law
16459:
16454:Gotho-Nordic
16452:
16445:
16366:
16359:
16351:
16345:
16335:
16320:Fårö Gutnish
16282:
16275:
16181:
16174:
16165:
16158:
16139:
16132:
16060:
16055:
16050:
16043:
16036:
15976:
15878:Swiss German
15842:Upper German
15775:Amana German
15749:Volga German
15718:Hunsrückisch
15644:
15598:Unserdeutsch
15593:Berlinerisch
15526:
15519:
15512:
15505:
15465:Cover groups
15421:Mohawk Dutch
15416:Jersey Dutch
15394:East Flemish
15377:West Flemish
15343:
15321:Middle Dutch
15275:Low Prussian
15147:
15140:
15106:Terschelling
15090:Clay Frisian
15065:West Frisian
15053:Wiedingharde
15045:
15033:
14993:Heligolandic
14970:
14945:
14938:
14931:
14926:
14909:East Frisian
14896:
14889:
14862:Middle Scots
14860:
14853:
14839:
14832:
14825:
14820:
14809:
14802:
14795:
14788:
14681:
14670:
14627:
14605:
14581:
14563:, retrieved
14554:
14552:CIA (2010),
14542:, retrieved
14538:the original
14533:
14518:, retrieved
14514:the original
14508:
14496:the original
14487:
14449:
14430:
14406:
14394:, retrieved
14385:
14373:, retrieved
14354:
14342:, retrieved
14323:
14311:, retrieved
14292:
14280:, retrieved
14261:
14249:, retrieved
14234:
14210:
14197:, retrieved
14182:
14170:, retrieved
14155:
14143:the original
14122:
14118:
14100:, retrieved
14085:
14073:, retrieved
14054:
14042:, retrieved
14027:
14015:, retrieved
14007:
13992:, retrieved
13973:
13961:, retrieved
13942:
13922:
13885:
13879:
13868:, retrieved
13849:
13837:, retrieved
13822:
13810:, retrieved
13803:the original
13794:
13776:, retrieved
13757:
13745:, retrieved
13725:
13713:, retrieved
13698:
13686:, retrieved
13679:the original
13666:
13654:, retrieved
13638:
13620:, retrieved
13601:
13589:, retrieved
13570:
13558:, retrieved
13539:
13527:, retrieved
13508:
13496:, retrieved
13481:
13469:, retrieved
13450:
13438:, retrieved
13420:
13405:, retrieved
13387:
13361:
13350:, retrieved
13332:
13317:, retrieved
13302:
13290:, retrieved
13272:
13257:, retrieved
13242:
13223:
13212:, retrieved
13205:the original
13196:
13178:, retrieved
13160:
13145:, retrieved
13131:
13116:, retrieved
13101:
13089:, retrieved
13074:
13062:, retrieved
13043:
13031:, retrieved
13017:
12990:. Retrieved
12985:
12976:
12961:. Retrieved
12957:the original
12952:
12938:, retrieved
12934:the original
12929:
12925:
12900:22 September
12898:. Retrieved
12894:the original
12889:
12880:
12871:
12862:
12852:
12846:
12837:
12827:
12806:
12798:
12778:
12771:
12761:
12754:
12734:
12727:
12715:. Retrieved
12711:
12702:
12690:. Retrieved
12686:the original
12681:
12672:
12652:
12630:. Retrieved
12620:
12608:. Retrieved
12604:the original
12580:
12570:
12558:. Retrieved
12534:
12522:
12510:
12497:. Retrieved
12472:
12460:
12448:
12436:
12424:
12412:
12400:
12395:, p. 7.
12388:
12376:
12364:
12352:
12340:
12328:
12316:
12307:
12297:
12288:
12279:
12268:the original
12255:
12247:
12232:
12223:
12214:
12202:. Retrieved
12198:the original
12193:
12183:
12171:. Retrieved
12167:the original
12162:
12152:
12140:. Retrieved
12136:the original
12126:
12116:
12086:
12080:
12070:17 September
12068:. Retrieved
12061:the original
12056:
12044:
12034:17 September
12032:. Retrieved
12028:the original
12018:
12006:. Retrieved
12001:
11974:17 September
11972:. Retrieved
11968:the original
11934:
11928:
11916:
11904:. Retrieved
11889:
11882:
11870:
11858:
11850:the original
11840:
11828:
11816:. Retrieved
11801:
11794:
11782:
11775:Sebba (2007)
11770:
11758:
11746:
11739:Sebba (1997)
11719:
11712:Sebba (1997)
11707:
11695:
11683:
11671:
11661:
11647:
11635:. Retrieved
11631:the original
11626:
11616:
11604:. Retrieved
11597:the original
11584:
11572:
11560:. Retrieved
11556:the original
11549:
11540:
11529:
11520:
11512:the original
11501:
11491:
11479:. Retrieved
11474:
11449:
11431:
11422:
11412:
11404:the original
11394:
11374:
11367:
11333:
11326:
11314:. Retrieved
11309:
11298:
11285:
11276:
11263:
11254:
11242:. Retrieved
11232:
11220:. Retrieved
11210:
11198:. Retrieved
11188:
11176:. Retrieved
11166:
11154:. Retrieved
11144:
11115:
11107:
11095:. Retrieved
11091:the original
11081:
11071:23 September
11069:. Retrieved
11065:the original
11055:
11045:23 September
11043:. Retrieved
11039:the original
11028:
11016:. Retrieved
11011:
11002:
10979:
10953:
10947:
10941:
10929:. Retrieved
10925:the original
10911:
10899:. Retrieved
10894:
10885:
10866:. Retrieved
10839:
10827:
10804:
10798:
10771:
10765:
10754:
10748:
10735:
10728:
10716:
10706:
10697:
10691:
10668:
10662:
10639:
10633:
10623:22 September
10621:. Retrieved
10610:
10601:
10591:22 September
10589:. Retrieved
10585:
10557:. Retrieved
10552:
10543:
10531:. Retrieved
10527:the original
10513:
10503:22 September
10501:. Retrieved
10497:the original
10474:17 September
10472:. Retrieved
10463:
10456:
10431:
10427:
10421:
10410:
10385:
10381:
10375:
10366:
10345:
10337:
10318:
10312:
10304:
10299:
10282:
10238:Western Cape
10232:
10206:
10198:
10192:
10187:
10166:
10129:
10068:
10046:
10019:
9936:
9929:
9920:en die krag,
9905:
9898:
9888:
9881:
9871:
9864:
9852:onomatopoeia
9843:
9827:
9809:
9785:
9780:('xiphoid';
9773:
9745:
9729:
9709:
9701:
9680:
9660:
9634:
9626:
9618:
9606:('bridges')
9599:
9583:
9579:
9576:/œ/, /y(:)/
9561:
9526:
9518:
9494:
9474:
9466:
9442:
9430:
9414:
9406:
9398:
9366:
9346:
9325:
9317:
9291:
9270:
9262:
9242:
9222:
9202:
9194:
9174:
9166:
9137:
9121:
9117:
9089:
9077:
9065:
9044:('to sing')
9037:
9021:
9002:
8982:
8962:
8942:
8934:
8914:
8894:
8886:
8866:
8847:
8839:
8819:
8811:
8789:
8773:
8761:
8749:
8725:
8717:
8701:
8685:
8625:('bicycle')
8618:
8598:
8585:('to lead')
8578:
8562:
8558:
8538:
8530:
8510:
8502:
8494:
8461:
8460:('to say'),
8453:
8433:
8429:
8421:
8413:
8409:
8405:
8388:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8341:
8340:('I', /æ/),
8333:
8317:
8305:
8293:
8262:
8254:
8246:
8238:
8214:
8206:
8178:
8166:
8158:
8157:; typically
8153:('surgeon';
8146:
8118:
8110:
8085:
8064:
8056:
8036:
8016:
7996:
7980:
7966:
7936:
7924:
7887:
7885:
7870:
7854:
7808:
7782:Translation
7769:
7760:
7752:
7744:
7741:
7731:
7727:
7719:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7627:
7619:
7610:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7536:
7531:
7523:
7519:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7479:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7458:The letters
7457:
7450:
7441:
7427:
7419:
7411:
7403:
7395:
7389:
7376:
7368:
7360:
7352:
7338:
7336:
7321:
7309:
7298:
7284:
7276:
7268:
7252:
7244:
7242:
7164:
7073:
7069:
7063:
6841:
6837:
6831:
6751:is based on
6746:
6713:
6685:
6657:
6629:
6601:
6573:
6545:
6517:
6489:
6461:
6433:
6405:
6377:
6349:
6321:
6293:
6265:
6260:(to) mutiny
6248:muit, muiten
6237:
6209:
6181:
6153:
6125:
6097:
6069:
6041:
6013:
5985:
5957:
5929:
5901:
5873:
5845:
5817:
5789:
5784:interesting
5761:
5733:
5705:
5677:
5649:
5621:
5593:
5565:
5555:bibliothèque
5537:
5509:
5481:
5453:
5425:
5397:
5369:
5341:
5313:
5285:
5257:
5234:
5225:
5222:H. V. Morton
5207:
5192:
5178:
5171:
5159:
5152:
5144:
5137:
5125:
5120:
5108:
5097:
5089:
5078:
5060:
5027:
5007:
4994:
4984:
4966:
4952:
4939:
4887:
4862:
4846:
4838:
4822:
4812:
4782:
4754:
4733:
4709:
4689:
4680:
4105:are central
3568:
3566:in English.
3563:
3559:
3539:
3515:
3414:
3380:Middle Dutch
3371:
3350:
3335:
3313:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3291:
3290:Hij spreekt
3274:
3270:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3193:I have drunk
3192:
3188:
3186:
3073:I wanted to
3065:ik wilde/wou
2870:
2796:hy/sy/dit is
2734:
2651:
2636:
2627:
2612:Please help
2600:
2571:
2564:
2558:(4.2%), and
2552:Otjozondjupa
2520:
2513:
2503:
2468:
2451:
2443:
2424:
2407:South Africa
2248:Eastern Cape
2229:Western Cape
2168:
2149:
2141:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2037:
2013:
1997:
1866:South Africa
1586: 60–80%
1580: 40–60%
1574: 20–40%
1524:
1458:
1446:
1421:
1389:
1367:Statenbijbel
1359:Statenbijbel
1337:
1316:
1307:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1264:
1252:Please help
1247:verification
1244:
1187:
1182:
1166:
1126:
1095:
1061:, alongside
1056:
1045:
1041:Latin script
1022:
1005:Mughal India
994:
975:
956:
930:
914:
902:
881:Dutch-based
807:
760:
751:written form
729:
670:South Africa
668:, spoken in
560:
559:
483:
447:Linguasphere
430:
334:South Africa
303:Signed forms
265:Eastern Cape
238:Modern Dutch
233:Middle Dutch
192:
72:South Africa
43:
17560:Angloromani
17499:LGBTQ slang
17310:(Tshivenḓa)
17048:ǂKxʼauǁʼein
17028:Nama/Damara
17005:Thimbukushu
16833:ǂKxʼauǁʼein
16529:Kluge's law
16509:Grimm's law
16292:Dalecarlian
16271:Perkerdansk
16244:East Danish
16062:Old Gutnish
16038:Proto-Norse
15978:Langobardic
15970:Vogtlandian
15798:Upper Saxon
15652:Lachoudisch
15613:Lotegorisch
15491:High German
15237:Westphalian
15232:Eastphalian
15196:Achterhooks
15073:Hindeloopen
15008:Bökingharde
14977:Föhr–Amrum
14891:Old Frisian
14855:Early Scots
14790:Old English
14534:Taalportaal
13471:10 November
13033:10 November
12527:Lass (1987)
12499:12 February
12429:Lass (1987)
11818:10 November
11724:Holm (1989)
11562:28 February
11244:1 September
11222:1 September
11200:1 September
11124:. pp.
11008:"Afrikaner"
10931:28 November
10582:"Afrikaans"
10549:"Afrikaans"
9959:en die krag
9861:Sample text
9712:('visual')
9560:('union'),
9554:('piece'),
9473:('shawl'),
9449:('visual',
9277:('invite')
9096:('police';
9072:('up(on)';
8846:(plural of
8780:('crisis';
8468:('world'),
8185:('chitin';
7708:nóg ... nóg
7702:('after'),
7530:instead of
7520:equatoriaal
7518:instead of
7514:ekwatoriaal
7330:waarskynlik
6795:orthography
6743:Orthography
6176:militarily
6120:(to) march
6036:lieutenant
5779:intéressant
5772:interessant
5764:interessant
5548:bibliotheek
5336:ammunition
5154:Hyparrhenia
5067:, from the
4833:minced meat
4811:. The word
4746:, numerous
4694:, known as
4519:Approximant
3524:Afrikaans:
3330:Afrikaans:
3267:Afrikaans:
3037:(I had to)
2883:modal verbs
2841:jullie zijn
2492:. The film
2187:Anglophones
2177:Danish and
2020:a rebellion
1842:New Zealand
1568: 0–20%
1450:Eugene Nida
1395: [
1269:"Afrikaans"
1206:orthography
1173:Cape Muslim
1100:ended, the
1073:Recognition
961:Development
833:geradbraakt
818:kombuistaal
792:kombuistaal
764:Afrikaansch
658:-, -
498:instead of
217:Early forms
116:Cape Malays
17783:Categories
17743:Portuguese
17431:Portuguese
17380:Nhlangwini
17343:Indigenous
17328:Recognised
17291:(Xitsonga)
17281:Tswa–Ronga
17262:(isiXhosa)
17225:(Setswana)
17087:Portuguese
17043:Kung-Ekoka
16975:Rukwangali
16970:Otjiherero
16771:(official)
16707:(official)
16361:Burgundian
16277:Old Danish
16266:Gøtudanskt
16249:Bornholmsk
16111:Vestlandsk
16091:Kebabnorsk
15828:Halcnovian
15793:Thuringian
15456:Limburgish
15426:Stadsfries
15399:Brabantian
15126:Low German
14972:Eiderstedt
14827:Fingallian
13892:: 75–111,
13523:9027219516
13465:9027218579
13434:9027218560
13401:9027247471
13346:9027247994
13259:3 November
13253:9004075933
12712:Gtb.inl.nl
12682:gtb.inl.nl
12678:"ASSAGAAI"
12008:12 October
11936:Salmagundi
11812:9027218579
11663:Cape Argus
11531:Die Presse
11481:30 January
11156:11 October
11018:20 October
10671:. Oxford:
10559:24 January
10284:Ethnologue
10258:References
10180:Sebba 1997
10135:Sebba 1997
10113:Tsotsitaal
9924:vir altyd.
9792:('x-ray';
9752:('brush';
9736:('water';
9708:('fish'),
9529:"-(e)tjie"
9501:('table')
9201:('book'),
9169:koöperasie
9146:'tomorrow'
8969:('laugh')
8756:('child';
8724:('hail'),
8561:('lion'),
8379:('this'),
8245:('teak'),
7981:sebraägtig
7977:/a/, /ɑ:/
7963:/a/, /ɑ:/
7931:('apple';
7804:I said it
7747:'k, 't, 'n
7698:('this'),
7666:("must"),
7455:in Dutch.
7392:diminutive
7385:weak vowel
6811:allographs
6775:apostrophe
6761:diacritics
6148:furniture
6031:lieutenant
6024:lieutenant
6016:lieutenant
5980:commander
5975:commandeur
5968:commandeur
5960:kommandeur
5896:cartridge
5751:infanterie
5744:infanterie
5736:infanterie
5639:fricadelle
5540:biblioteek
5504:battalion
5392:artillery
5387:artillerie
5380:artillerie
5372:artillerie
5243:Afrikaans
5230:Great Trek
4946:, meaning
4884:Portuguese
4736:Cape Malay
4585:obstruents
4266:Consonants
4150:Diphthongs
4145:provinces.
4143:Free State
3756:unrounded
3642:have, has
3617:Afrikaans
3421:Afrikaans
3294:Afrikaans.
3181:I thought
2903:Afrikaans
2784:jij/u bent
2654:infinitive
2515:District 9
2495:Platteland
2362:Mpumalanga
2324:North West
2286:Free State
2083:Huisgenoot
1909:7,237,894
1626:Argentina
1613:Reference
1554:Statistics
1539:Low German
1467:ecumenical
1280:newspapers
1011:, and the
1009:Madagascar
982:Afrikaners
936:Cape Dutch
828:Cape Dutch
743:morphology
275:Patagonian
104:Afrikaners
32:Afrikaners
17789:Afrikaans
17646:Afrikaans
17513:IsiNgqumo
17461:Religious
17270:(isiZulu)
17254:(siSwati)
17217:(Sesotho)
17175:Afrikaans
16947:Afrikaans
16930:Oshiwambo
16744:Kgalagadi
16700:Afrikaans
16641:varieties
16633:indicate
16447:Northwest
16392:Philology
16297:Elfdalian
16232:Jutlandic
16154:Icelandic
16129:(written)
16123:(written)
16101:Trøndersk
16081:Norwegian
16045:Old Norse
15866:Coloniero
15850:Alemannic
15823:Wymysorys
15691:Colognian
15686:Ripuarian
15608:Rotwelsch
15438:Midslands
15389:Zeelandic
15370:Hollandic
15344:Afrikaans
15316:Old Dutch
15142:Old Saxon
15041:Karrharde
15023:Goesharde
15004:Mainland
14737:philology
14674:from the
14044:23 August
13914:143681251
12986:Bible.com
12692:7 October
12142:1 October
11310:Ipums USA
10790:883649263
10722:. Martin.
10718:Glottolog
10448:2224-3380
10279:Afrikaans
10263:Citations
10199:Afrikaans
10172:Holm 1989
9816:('bite')
9687:('hour')
9568:('wall')
9477:sjokolade
9433:rasioneel
9405:('six'),
9324:('pot'),
9084:('size';
9009:('nail')
8941:('cat'),
8901:('four')
8869:beïnvloed
8862:/i/, /ə/
8808:/i/, /ə/
8324:('meal',
8213:('day'),
8092:('tree')
8023:('turn')
7704:óf ... óf
7070:lowercase
6838:uppercase
6823:graphemes
6790:Dooie See
6171:militaire
6064:magazine
5919:capitaine
5891:cartouche
5856:kanonnier
5848:kanonnier
5756:infantry
5672:garrison
5660:garnizoen
5652:garnisoen
5644:meatball
5632:frikandel
5624:frikkadel
5499:bataillon
5316:ammunisie
5187:tjailatyd
5134:dioecious
5041:sakaboela
4897:sombreiro
4744:Coloureds
4740:Cape Town
4719:Patagonia
4433:voiceless
4427:Fricative
4346:voiceless
4240:unrounded
4194:unrounded
4158:phonemes
4156:Diphthong
4139:Transvaal
4135:/k,χ,l,r/
4098:'wedges'.
3933:Near-open
3747:unrounded
3687:Phonology
3201:Afrikaans
3109:I should
3070:I want to
2873:preterite
2865:they are
2745:Afrikaans
2737:conjugate
2601:does not
2550:(10.0%),
2546:(18.5%),
2542:(20.5%),
2538:(36.1%),
2534:(41.0%),
2484:Skoonheid
2118:Montblanc
2093:Wallpaper
2060:from its
2005:Bantustan
1869:6,855,082
1794:Mauritius
1650:Australia
1511:Afrikaans
1438:Calvinist
1067:Boer wars
916:Glottolog
897:ISO 639-3
770:Afrikaans
757:Etymology
561:Afrikaans
453:52-ACB-ba
432:Glottolog
416:ISO 639-3
398:ISO 639-2
380:ISO 639-1
228:Old Dutch
193:Afrikaans
188:Hollandic
100:Ethnicity
49:Afrikaans
17748:Japanese
17677:Shimaore
17540:Fanagalo
17478:Sanskrit
17421:Gujarati
17159:Official
16980:Setswana
16935:Kwanyama
16823:Juǀʼhoan
16775:Tswapong
16754:Mbukushu
16739:Ikalanga
16368:Vandalic
16311:Gutnish
16116:Vikværsk
16096:Sognamål
16086:Bergensk
15936:Cimbrian
15904:Bavarian
15861:Alsatian
15808:Lusatian
15744:Palatine
15434:Amelands
15311:Frankish
15201:Sallaans
15183:Gronings
15034:Southern
15027:Northern
15018:Halligen
14967:Insular
14784:dialects
14687:Archived
14544:16 April
14419:archived
13738:archived
13647:archived
12838:Dinteria
12560:24 April
12240:Archived
12204:25 March
12173:25 March
12105:Archived
11945:40549282
11655:Archived
11637:10 March
11606:21 March
11551:Euronews
11439:Archived
11356:Archived
11316:10 March
11290:Archived
11268:Archived
10901:17 March
10868:17 March
10673:Elsevier
10617:Archived
10586:Omniglot
10533:10 March
10402:5361614M
10023:Aardklop
9970:See also
9883:Psalm 23
9866:Psalm 23
9788:x-straal
9667:('out')
9373:('red')
9229:('cow')
8989:('man')
8768:('ink';
8732:('dog')
8671:/bæːrɡə/
8545:('one')
8249:broodjie
7969:(after)
7901:Grapheme
7670:("he"),
7662:('no'),
7363:een boek
7320:, as in
6807:ligature
6770:see-eend
6652:soldier
6556:provoost
6484:ceiling
6456:pioneer
6451:pionnier
6372:officer
6367:officier
6360:officier
6352:offisier
6283:mousquet
6164:militair
6100:marsjeer
6052:magazijn
6008:quarter
6003:quartier
5996:kwartier
5988:kwartier
5952:colonel
5924:captain
5912:kapitein
5863:canonier
5812:calibre
5728:grenade
5700:general
5688:generaal
5680:generaal
5667:garnison
5588:invoice
5560:library
5532:battery
5527:batterie
5520:batterij
5492:bataljon
5484:bataljon
5476:bastion
5448:luggage
5331:munition
5252:English
5214:Huguenot
5162:tambotie
5011:assegaai
5003:Khoekhoe
4961:Khoekhoe
4948:cannabis
4927:sambreel
4891:sambreel
4684:Khoekhoe
4663:Dialects
4599:/ɡ,dʒ,z/
4589:devoiced
4291:alveolar
4284:Alveolar
3759:rounded
3623:English
3543:moet nie
3378:was the
3324:Garderen
3226:I drank
3221:ik dronk
3207:English
3173:ik dacht
3145:I might
3137:ik mocht
3123:(ek mog)
3029:ik moest
3001:I could
2926:present
2920:present
2914:present
2909:English
2860:zij zijn
2853:hulle is
2834:julle is
2822:wij zijn
2751:English
2671:English
2562:(2.3%).
2560:Oshikoto
2554:(9.4%),
2439:Coloured
2211:Province
2098:monument
1770:Pakistan
1674:Botswana
1604:Speakers
1492:Germanic
1475:Anglican
1112:and the
1001:Khoikhoi
990:Huguenot
978:settlers
923:hott1234
839:gebroken
740:analytic
686:Zimbabwe
678:Botswana
504:Help:IPA
439:afri1274
261:Boeraans
251:Dialects
223:Frankish
158:Germanic
84:Zimbabwe
78:Botswana
39:Africans
17758:Russian
17738:Chinese
17723:Italian
17713:Spanish
17708:Punjabi
17698:English
17625:English
17404:Foreign
17360:Khoisan
17289:Tsonga
17223:Tswana
17180:English
17020:Khoisan
17010:Shiyeyi
16990:Gciriku
16914:English
16795:Khoisan
16729:Gciriku
16705:English
16631:Italics
16254:Scanian
16200:Swedish
16149:Faroese
16127:Nynorsk
16106:Valdris
15941:Mòcheno
15897:Swabian
15763:Hessian
15723:Hunsrik
15635:Western
15630:Eastern
15625:Yiddish
15575:creoles
15472:Bergish
15188:Drèents
15178:Tweants
15030:Central
15012:Mooring
14875:Frisian
14834:Kildare
14779:English
14139:7138676
13906:4615383
13005:Sources
12717:2 April
12632:2 April
12610:2 April
12163:Rapport
11178:28 June
10394:1821706
10307:(2003).
10218:kan nie
9776:xifoïed
9710:visuëel
9445:visuëel
9417:posisie
9092:polisie
8661:/bæːrx/
8478:before
8181:chitien
8149:chirurg
7865:vowel.
7526:ekskuus
7371:'n boek
7355:'n boek
7247:slechts
6731:trousse
6708:carpet
6640:soldaat
6632:soldaat
6548:provoos
6479:plafond
6472:plafond
6444:pionier
6436:pionier
6288:musket
6255:mutiner
6232:mortar
6227:mortier
6220:mortier
6212:mortier
6199:morceau
6156:militêr
6143:meubles
6136:meubels
6128:meubels
6115:marcher
6087:manière
6059:magasin
6044:magasyn
5947:colonel
5940:kolonel
5932:kolonel
5904:kaptein
5876:kardoes
5868:gunner
5840:cannon
5807:calibre
5800:kaliber
5792:kaliber
5723:grenade
5716:granaat
5708:granaat
5695:général
5583:facture
5576:factuur
5568:faktuur
5512:battery
5471:bastion
5464:bastion
5456:bastion
5428:bagasie
5420:studio
5415:atelier
5408:atelier
5400:ateljee
5359:amusant
5352:amusant
5344:amusant
5280:advice
5249:French
5218:Louvois
5128:maroela
5102:of the
5074:umfundi
5047:maroela
4975:Khoisan
4955:geitjie
4865:piering
4841:piesang
4826:bobotie
4797:Persian
4785:baadjie
4630:or tap
4340:Plosive
4301:Glottal
4259:/ɔi,ai/
4213:rounded
4177:Central
4133:before
4117:/œː,oː/
4082:before
4064:before
4021:/spiːl/
3752:rounded
3735:Central
3656:de, het
3530:Dutch:
3341:Dutch:
3288:Dutch:
3283:
3269:Hy kan
3189:I drank
3178:I think
3166:ik denk
3152:ek dink
3106:I shall
3022:ik moet
3015:ek moes
3008:ek moet
2827:we are
2777:jy/u is
2622:removed
2607:sources
2576:Grammar
2567:English
2548:Omaheke
2505:Monster
2381:Limpopo
2343:Gauteng
2179:Swedish
2175:between
2171:Frisian
2126:English
2110:Cartier
2026:is the
2024:English
2009:Eldoret
1893:28,406
1821:219,760
1818:Namibia
1800:0.0005%
1746:Finland
1601:Country
1543:Yiddish
1428:BB Keet
1385:archaic
1371:. This
1294:scholar
1135:in the
1088:at the
1017:Khoisan
799:History
708:of the
674:Namibia
664:) is a
500:Unicode
355:Namibia
124:Oorlams
108:Basters
75:Namibia
17763:Danish
17753:Romani
17733:Arabic
17718:German
17703:French
17651:Tsonga
17550:Scamto
17473:Hebrew
17468:Arabic
17447:Telugu
17411:German
17390:Phuthi
17308:Venda
17260:Xhosa
17252:Swazi
17000:Kuhane
16952:German
16940:Ndonga
16785:Zezuru
16769:Tswana
16759:Nambya
16749:Kuhane
16734:Herero
16347:Gothic
16217:Danish
16121:Bokmål
15620:Yenish
15430:Bildts
15213:Veluws
15208:Urkers
15047:Strand
14771:Anglic
14612:
14596:
14588:
14565:28 May
14520:28 May
14469:
14437:
14396:2 June
14375:31 May
14366:
14344:19 May
14335:
14313:19 May
14304:
14282:3 June
14273:
14251:3 June
14242:
14221:
14199:19 May
14190:
14172:3 June
14163:
14137:
14102:31 May
14093:
14075:18 May
14066:
14035:
14017:19 May
13994:31 May
13985:
13963:3 June
13954:
13930:
13912:
13904:
13870:28 May
13861:
13839:31 May
13830:
13812:19 May
13778:19 May
13769:
13747:19 May
13715:19 May
13706:
13688:19 May
13656:19 May
13622:19 May
13613:
13591:19 May
13582:
13560:28 May
13551:
13529:28 May
13520:
13498:3 June
13489:
13462:
13440:28 May
13431:
13407:29 May
13398:
13372:
13352:29 May
13343:
13319:19 May
13310:
13292:28 May
13283:
13250:
13230:
13214:19 May
13180:24 May
13171:
13147:24 May
13138:
13118:31 May
13109:
13091:19 May
13082:
13064:3 June
13055:
13024:
12992:7 June
12963:11 May
12940:11 May
12815:
12786:
12742:
12660:
12582:Quartz
12121:Kyknet
12097:
11943:
11906:19 May
11897:
11809:
11382:
11348:
11132:
11097:30 May
10990:
10956:(23).
10815:
10788:
10778:
10679:
10650:
10446:
10400:
10392:
10354:
10325:
10247:per se
9926:Amen.
9846:Zoeloe
9676:/y(ː)/
9644:Müller
9621:reünie
9545:/y(ː)/
9190:/u(ː)/
8882:/i(ː)/
8814:krísis
8776:krisis
8663:, and
8480:/(ə)r/
8464:wêreld
8410:Eugène
8406:crèche
8368:/æ(ː)/
8364:/e(ː)/
8277:/æ(ː)/
8273:/e(ː)/
8169:chemie
7785:Notes
7686:, but
7672:gewéét
7532:excuus
7522:, and
7470:, and
7307:suffix
6813:; the
6777:(e.g.
6765:hyphen
6763:. The
6736:bunch
6696:tapijt
6647:soldat
6624:salvo
6596:round
6576:rondte
6568:chief
6563:prévôt
6540:ferry
6464:plafon
6428:paper
6423:papier
6416:papier
6408:papier
6400:order
6276:musket
6268:musket
6204:piece
6192:morzel
6184:morsel
6080:manier
6072:manier
5443:bagage
5436:bagage
5364:funny
5308:alarm
5303:alarme
5268:advies
5260:advies
5246:Dutch
5204:French
5195:chaile
5181:tjaila
5170:name,
5115:, the
5099:lobolo
5092:lobola
4997:kierie
4915:mielie
4909:curral
4876:piring
4873:(from
4871:saucer
4856:pisang
4849:banaan
4815:baadje
4764:banyak
4696:Sabela
4544:Rhotic
4479:voiced
4385:voiced
4296:Dorsal
4279:Labial
4247:, ɑːi
4111:/e,eː/
4107:/ə,əː/
4103:/œ,œː/
4030:/kuːl/
4017:spieël
3792:short
3786:short
3780:short
3774:short
3717:Vowels
3620:Dutch
3608:hebben
3560:do not
3555:moenie
3549:moenie
3159:ek dog
3130:ik mag
3116:ek mag
3101:ik zou
3094:ik zal
3087:ek sou
3080:ek sal
3058:ik wil
3051:ek wou
3044:ek wil
3034:I must
2993:ik kon
2986:ik kan
2979:ek kon
2972:ek kan
2965:I was
2957:ik was
2950:ik ben
2943:ek was
2906:Dutch
2815:ons is
2765:ik ben
2724:hebben
2668:Dutch
2556:Kunene
2544:Khomas
2540:Erongo
2536:ǁKaras
2532:Hardap
2522:SABC 3
2508:) and
2476:Bakgat
2462:Paljas
2419:10.6%
2405:
2299:10.3%
2280:54.6%
2242:41.2%
2062:livery
2038:Under
2018:began
2016:Soweto
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1906:Total
1896:0.39%
1888:
1872:94.71%
1864:
1845:36,966
1840:
1816:
1792:
1768:
1752:0.002%
1744:
1720:
1701:29,670
1698:Canada
1696:
1672:
1653:49,375
1648:
1632:0.01%
1624:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1401:, and
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1114:Senate
1035:: see
947:pidgin
943:pidgin
883:pidgin
804:Origin
682:Zambia
611:KAHNSS
474:
468:
353:
332:
120:Griqua
92:Region
81:Zambia
17768:Dutch
17728:Hindi
17565:Kaaps
17523:Other
17507:Gayle
17491:Other
17442:Tamil
17436:Malay
17426:Hindi
17416:Greek
17350:Bhaca
17301:Venda
17268:Zulu
17236:Nguni
16985:Zemba
16858:Tshwa
16808:Gǁana
16724:Birwa
16716:Bantu
16461:South
16412:North
16022:North
16006:North
15348:Kaaps
15339:Dutch
14986:Amrum
14927:Weser
14849:Scots
14499:(PDF)
14484:(PDF)
14422:(PDF)
14411:(PDF)
14215:(PDF)
14146:(PDF)
14135:S2CID
14115:(PDF)
13910:S2CID
13902:JSTOR
13806:(PDF)
13791:(PDF)
13741:(PDF)
13730:(PDF)
13682:(PDF)
13671:(PDF)
13650:(PDF)
13635:(PDF)
13208:(PDF)
13193:(PDF)
12928:[
12271:(PDF)
12264:(PDF)
12194:Beeld
12108:(PDF)
12091:(PDF)
12064:(PDF)
12053:(PDF)
11998:(PDF)
11941:JSTOR
11600:(PDF)
11593:(PDF)
11359:(PDF)
11338:(PDF)
11174:. ABS
10949:Spine
10740:(PDF)
10468:(PDF)
10384:[
10121:Notes
9965:Amen
9824:/əi/
9732:water
9698:, /v/
9521:tjank
9497:tafel
9469:sjaal
9258:/oːi/
9205:koers
9122:gróót
9080:grote
8917:julle
8688:gholf
8666:berge
8621:fiets
8434:appèl
8257:-djie
8241:djati
8230:/d͡ʒ/
8121:-ikus
8082:, /p/
8032:/ɑːə/
8019:draai
8012:/ɑːi/
7927:appel
7863:schwa
7861:as a
7732:appèl
7652:ú, ý)
7614:geeet
7605:geëet
7476:Latin
7406:-djie
7398:-tjie
7327:>
7318:/lək/
7312:–lijk
7255:slegs
6805:is a
6753:Dutch
6703:tapis
6688:tapyt
6680:aunt
6675:tante
6668:tante
6660:tante
6619:salve
6612:salvo
6604:salvo
6591:ronde
6512:flat
6395:ordre
6344:mine
6316:wall
5835:canon
5828:kanon
5820:kanon
5616:fort
5296:alarm
5288:alarm
5168:Latin
5111:mahem
5082:fundi
5071:word
5063:fundi
5035:mahem
5017:karos
4987:karos
4979:xo-xo
4969:gogga
4942:dagga
4921:milho
4903:kraal
4730:Malay
4656:]
4652:[
4648:]
4644:[
4636:]
4632:[
4628:]
4624:[
4617:]
4613:[
4308:Nasal
4289:Post-
4218:œi,ɔi
4199:ɪø,əi
4172:Front
4127:]
4123:[
4080:]
4076:[
4054:]
4050:[
4046:]
4042:[
4038:/u.ə/
4034:/i.ə/
4026:koeël
3801:Close
3795:long
3789:long
3783:long
3777:long
3765:short
3730:Front
3602:heeft
3564:don't
3307:can't
3204:Dutch
3142:I may
2998:I can
2936:ek is
2929:past
2923:past
2917:past
2770:I am
2758:ek is
2748:Dutch
2729:have
2698:wezen
2431:media
2416:13.5%
2413:13.3%
2410:14.4%
2394:2.3%
2375:3.2%
2356:7.7%
2353:12.4%
2350:13.6%
2347:15.6%
2337:5.2%
2318:1.0%
2296:12.7%
2293:11.9%
2290:14.4%
2277:53.8%
2274:56.6%
2271:57.2%
2261:9.6%
2258:10.6%
2239:49.7%
2236:55.3%
2233:58.5%
2223:2022
2152:Malay
2074:Xhosa
1899:2016
1848:0.51%
1824:3.04%
1776:0.03%
1773:2,228
1728:0.10%
1725:7,489
1704:0.41%
1680:0.11%
1677:8,082
1656:0.68%
1635:2019
1507:Dutch
1399:]
1301:JSTOR
1287:books
1133:Paarl
1025:Malay
725:Paarl
723:near
660:KAHNZ
609:-rih-
257:Kaaps
178:Dutch
17656:Zulu
17452:Urdu
17375:Nama
17370:Lozi
17365:Lala
17355:Khoe
17053:Kxoe
17038:ǃXóõ
17033:Naro
16853:Taʼa
16848:Shua
16843:Naro
16838:Nama
16828:Khwe
16818:ǂHõã
16813:Gǀwi
16803:ǁAni
16780:Yeyi
16422:West
16417:East
16337:East
16193:East
16183:Norn
16074:West
16010:East
16008:and
15573:and
15568:Non-
14998:Sylt
14981:Föhr
14916:Ems
14841:Yola
14750:West
14610:ISBN
14594:ISBN
14592:; e-
14586:ISBN
14567:2010
14546:2017
14522:2010
14467:ISBN
14435:ISBN
14398:2010
14377:2010
14364:ISBN
14346:2010
14333:ISBN
14315:2010
14302:ISBN
14284:2010
14271:ISBN
14253:2010
14240:ISBN
14219:ISBN
14201:2010
14188:ISBN
14174:2010
14161:ISBN
14104:2010
14091:ISBN
14077:2010
14064:ISBN
14046:2008
14033:ISBN
14019:2010
13996:2010
13983:ISBN
13965:2010
13952:ISBN
13928:ISBN
13872:2010
13859:ISBN
13841:2010
13828:ISBN
13814:2010
13780:2010
13767:ISBN
13749:2010
13717:2010
13704:ISBN
13690:2010
13658:2010
13624:2010
13611:ISBN
13593:2010
13580:ISBN
13562:2010
13549:ISBN
13531:2010
13518:ISBN
13500:2010
13487:ISBN
13473:2008
13460:ISBN
13442:2010
13429:ISBN
13409:2010
13396:ISBN
13370:ISBN
13354:2010
13341:ISBN
13321:2010
13308:ISBN
13294:2010
13281:ISBN
13261:2008
13248:ISBN
13228:ISBN
13216:2010
13182:2010
13169:ISBN
13149:2010
13136:ISBN
13120:2010
13107:ISBN
13093:2010
13080:ISBN
13066:2010
13053:ISBN
13035:2008
13022:ISBN
12994:2024
12965:2020
12942:2020
12902:2010
12868:"TF"
12813:ISBN
12784:ISBN
12740:ISBN
12719:2015
12694:2019
12658:ISBN
12634:2015
12612:2015
12562:2010
12501:2015
12206:2013
12175:2013
12144:2009
12095:ISBN
12072:2013
12036:2013
12010:2023
11976:2014
11908:2010
11895:ISBN
11820:2008
11807:ISBN
11639:2023
11608:2012
11564:2016
11483:2021
11380:ISBN
11346:ISBN
11318:2023
11246:2024
11224:2024
11202:2024
11180:2022
11158:2019
11130:ISBN
11099:2020
11073:2008
11047:2008
11020:2017
10988:ISBN
10933:2009
10903:2017
10870:2017
10813:ISBN
10786:OCLC
10776:ISBN
10677:ISBN
10648:ISBN
10625:2010
10593:2010
10561:2020
10535:2023
10505:2010
10476:2014
10444:ISSN
10390:OCLC
10352:ISBN
10323:ISBN
9805:/əi/
9794:/ks/
9769:/ks/
9748:kwas
9656:/ɵi/
9602:brûe
9595:/ɵː/
9564:muur
9557:unie
9551:stuk
9510:/tʃ/
9409:stem
9369:rooi
9328:pers
9301:Louw
9286:/ɵu/
9273:nooi
9265:mooi
9238:/ʊə/
9225:koei
9218:/ui/
9197:boek
9161:/ʊə/
9140:môre
9133:/oː/
9113:/ʊə/
9086:/ʊə/
9057:/ʊə/
9040:sing
9017:/ə/
9005:nael
8897:vier
8889:iets
8835:/əː/
8784:and
8752:kind
8728:hond
8720:hael
8656:berg
8601:seun
8594:/ɪɵ/
8574:/ei/
8559:leeu
8554:/ɪu/
8533:weet
8526:/ɪə/
8509:and
8476:/æː/
8471:lêer
8449:/æː/
8445:/eː/
8389:wéét
8372:/ɪə/
8354:/ɪə/
8342:berg
8328:and
8326:/ɪə/
8308:mens
8281:/ɪə/
8217:deel
8113:-ici
8088:boom
8059:baie
8052:/ai/
8039:vrae
7992:/ɑː/
7953:/ɑː/
7945:/ɑː/
7939:tale
7920:/ɑː/
7759:and
7692:lúi.
7664:móét
7506:and
7498:and
7490:and
7482:and
7442:tjie
7422:-tje
7390:The
7295:/ɛi/
7279:suid
7271:zuid
7263:and
6780:ma's
6724:tros
6716:tros
6535:pont
6528:pont
6520:pont
6507:plat
6500:plat
6492:plat
6388:orde
6380:orde
6339:mine
6332:mijn
6304:muur
6296:muur
6240:muit
6092:way
5611:fort
5604:fort
5596:fort
5275:avis
5069:Zulu
5050:and
5038:and
4963:word
4912:and
4808:vest
4792:baju
4770:veel
4757:baie
4700:Zulu
4692:cant
4583:All
4460:ɹ̠̊˔
4235:Open
4182:Back
4141:and
4090:/əː/
4060:and
4048:and
4036:and
4012:/uː/
4010:and
4008:/iː/
3970:Open
3770:long
3740:Back
3661:the
3605:and
3596:hebt
3587:are
3397:niet
3372:The
3336:lit.
3292:geen
3281:lit.
3191:and
2962:I am
2888:dink
2878:wees
2692:zijn
2678:wees
2605:any
2603:cite
2472:and
2446:DSTV
2391:2.6%
2388:2.6%
2385:2.6%
2372:7.2%
2369:5.5%
2366:7.1%
2334:9.0%
2331:8.8%
2328:8.8%
2315:1.6%
2312:1.5%
2309:1.6%
2255:9.6%
2252:9.8%
2220:2011
2217:2001
2214:1996
2193:and
2120:and
1875:2011
1851:2018
1827:2011
1803:2011
1779:2016
1755:2023
1731:2021
1707:2021
1683:2011
1659:2021
1629:650
1610:Year
1541:and
1473:and
1273:news
1127:The
903:None
842:and
704:and
684:and
17395:Tuu
16995:Fwe
14459:doi
14127:doi
13894:doi
11264:CSO
10958:doi
10720:4.3
10436:doi
10281:at
10224:sal
10212:kan
9839:/z/
9812:byt
9796:).
9784:),
9782:/z/
9765:/z/
9754:/w/
9742:/w/
9738:/v/
9725:/w/
9721:/v/
9704:vis
9696:/f/
9683:uur
9663:uit
9580:búk
9541:/ɵ/
9514:/k/
9490:/t/
9462:/ʃ/
9451:/ʒ/
9439:/ʃ/
9427:/s/
9423:/z/
9401:ses
9394:/ʒ/
9390:/ʃ/
9386:/z/
9382:/s/
9362:/r/
9341:/k/
9320:pot
9313:/p/
9294:ouw
9254:ooi
9245:oom
9214:oei
9157:/o/
9109:/o/
9098:/ʊ/
9088:),
9076:),
9074:/o/
9061:/ʊ/
9053:/o/
9033:/ŋ/
8998:/n/
8985:man
8978:/m/
8965:lag
8958:/l/
8945:kan
8937:kat
8930:/k/
8910:/j/
8850:wig
8842:wîe
8822:dít
8798:/i/
8786:/ə/
8782:/i/
8772:),
8770:/ə/
8764:ink
8760:),
8758:/ə/
8745:/ə/
8741:/i/
8713:/ɦ/
8698:/x/
8694:/ɡ/
8681:/ɡ/
8651:/r/
8647:/x/
8643:/ɡ/
8638:/ɡ/
8634:/x/
8614:/f/
8581:lei
8563:eeu
8550:eeu
8541:een
8400:/e/
8381:mét
8377:dié
8350:/ɪ/
8348:).
8346:/r/
8330:/ə/
8320:ete
8314:/n/
8304:),
8302:/e/
8296:bed
8289:/ə/
8285:/ɪ/
8234:/k/
8209:dag
8202:/t/
8198:/d/
8187:/k/
8177:),
8175:/x/
8155:/ʃ/
8142:/k/
8138:/x/
8134:/ʃ/
8105:/k/
8101:/s/
8080:/b/
8008:aai
7999:aap
7949:/a/
7935:),
7933:/a/
7916:/a/
7904:IPA
7763:het
7696:dié
7688:lui
7684:wíl
7680:wil
7660:néé
7656:sál
7451:tje
7449:bee
7440:bie
7430:dje
7426:or
7414:-ie
7410:or
7367:or
7348:een
7265:/z/
7261:/s/
7072:or
6840:or
6324:myn
6311:mur
4805:or
4802:jas
4776:erg
4773:or
4609:/χ/
4603:/χ/
4593:/d/
4407:d͡ʒ
4367:t͡ʃ
4189:Mid
4131:/e/
4095:wîe
4084:/r/
4072:/y/
4066:/r/
4062:/u/
4058:/i/
3860:Mid
3680:it
3675:het
3668:dit
3649:die
3630:het
3590:heb
3584:het
3578:het
3572:het
3409:-ne
3403:-ne
3394:or
3391:nie
3385:-ne
3375:-ne
3318:in
3301:not
3275:nie
3271:nie
2894:mag
2717:het
2703:be
2695:or
2616:by
2173:or
1749:150
1256:by
1159:in
907:mis
779:or
692:of
656:AHF
631:-,-
486:IPA
423:afr
406:afr
17785::
14626:,
14558:,
14532:,
14490:,
14486:,
14465:,
14457:,
14417:,
14413:,
14389:,
14362:,
14358:,
14331:,
14327:,
14300:,
14296:,
14269:,
14133:,
14123:23
14121:,
14117:,
14062:,
14058:,
14010:,
14006:,
13981:,
13977:,
13950:,
13946:,
13908:,
13900:,
13888:,
13884:,
13857:,
13853:,
13797:,
13793:,
13765:,
13761:,
13736:,
13732:,
13673:,
13637:,
13609:,
13605:,
13578:,
13574:,
13547:,
13543:,
13516:,
13512:,
13458:,
13454:,
13427:,
13423:,
13419:,
13394:,
13390:,
13386:,
13364:,
13339:,
13335:,
13331:,
13279:,
13275:,
13271:,
13199:,
13195:,
13167:,
13163:,
13159:,
13130:,
13051:,
13020:,
13016:,
12984:.
12910:^
12888:.
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