825:
801:("Lippisch Ears"), in an attempt to cure the stability problems via effectively "decreasing" the main wing panels' marked three degree dihedral angle. Both prototypes were equipped with two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannon in the He 162 A-1 anti-bomber variant; in testing, the recoil from these guns proved to be too much for the lightweight fuselage to handle, and plans for production turned to the A-2 fighter with two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon instead while a redesign for added strength started as the A-3. The shift to 20 mm guns was also undertaken because the smaller-calibre weapons would allow a much greater amount of ammunition to be carried.
151:
1242:
1450:
445:
1002:
713:, however, this was the first of their designs to use this layout from the start. A small window in the lower cockpit between the rudder pedals allowed the pilot to visually check whether the gear was down. Partly due to the late-war period it was designed within, some of the He 162's landing gear components were "recycled" existing landing gear components from a contemporary German military aircraft to save development time: the main landing gear's oleo struts and wheel/brake units came from the
670:
1289:
1426:
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837:(453 kn; 521 mph) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft), but could reach 890 km/h (481 kn; 553 mph) at sea level and 905 km/h (489 kn; 562 mph) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft) using short burst extra thrust. The short flight duration of barely 30 minutes was due to only having a single 695-litre (183 US gallon) capacity flexible-bladder fuel tank in the fuselage directly under the engine's intake. The original
327:
about 120 were delivered to the airfields and most of those never flew, usually due to shortages of parts, fuel, and pilots. Small numbers were used in development squadrons and these ultimately saw combat in a few cases during April 1945, yet the He 162 also proved to be quite dangerous to its own pilots as its tiny fuel load led to a number of aircraft crashing off field, while additional losses were attributed to structural failure.
480:, and the existing logistics problems would mean there would merely be more of them on the ground waiting for parts that would never arrive, or for fuel that was not available. Instead, they suggested that a new design be built – one so inexpensive that if a machine was damaged or worn out, it could simply be discarded and replaced with a fresh plane straight off the assembly line. Thus was born the concept of the "throwaway fighter".
45:
1266:
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1062:, who flew a record 486 different types of aircraft, said the He 162 had "the lightest and most effective aerodynamically balanced controls" he had experienced. Brown had been warned to treat the rudder with suspicion due to a number of in-flight failures. This warning was passed on by Brown to RAF pilot Flt Lt R A Marks, but was apparently not heeded. On 9 November 1945, during a demonstration flight from
994:
548:(1,640 ft). Provisions for armour plating in areas such as the fuel tanks and around the pilot were also to be made, however, manufacturers were also asked to provide detail on the aircraft's performance both with and without armour installed. The armament was specified as either a pair of 20 mm (0.79 in)
874:. By April 1945, it had been anticipated that output would reach 1,000 aircraft per month, which was double the rate achieved when the Mittelwerk plant commenced deliveries. Furthermore, the Air Ministry expected that production were rise even beyond this figure in order to produce sufficient fighter coverage.
968:
fighter and, although the victory was credited to a flak unit, the
British pilot confirmed during interrogation that he had been downed by an He 162. The Heinkel and its pilot were both lost that same day as well, having been shot down over Husum by Flying Officer Geoffrey Walkington, piloting an RAF
686:
One consequence of the aircraft's basic configuration was that the jet exhaust would pass directly over the upper rear fuselage and the tail area. For this reason, the tail was constructed with two small vertical stabilizers positioned to either side of the exhaust's path, and the horizontal elevator
390:
added armor to protect their pilots from Allied bombers' defensive fire, allowing them to approach to distances where their heavy weapons could be used with some chance of hitting the bombers. All of this added greatly to the weight being carried by both the single and twin-engine fighters, seriously
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airframe as-designed: a single, smaller capacity 640 litre (169 US gal) fuselage main tank in approximately the same location as the later 695 litre tank was placed, with an additional wing centre-section tank just above and behind it, never produced for the production run, of some 325 litres (86 US
748:
Gotthold Peter – the first German jet fighter aircraft design to be jet-powered from its maiden flight onward – was fairly successful, but during a high-speed run at 840 km/h (520 mph), the highly acidic replacement glue attaching the nose gear strut door failed and the pilot was forced to
359:
entered a period of rapid evolution as both forces attempted to gain an advantage. Having lost too many fighters to the bombers' defensive guns, the
Germans invested in a series of heavy weapons that allowed them to attack from outside the American machine guns' effective range. The addition of the
326:
A series of fatal accidents during testing required a series of refinements that delayed the program. Although production lines were set up and deliveries began in early 1945, the impending defeat of
Germany by that time made the effort pointless. Of nearly 1,000 aircraft on the assembly lines, only
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The third and fourth prototypes, which used an "M" for "Muster" (model) number instead of "V" for "Versuchs" (experimental) number, as the He 162 M3 and M4, after being fitted with the strengthened wings, flew in mid-January 1945. These versions also included – as possibly the pioneering example of
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An investigation into the failure revealed that the wing structure had to be strengthened and some redesign was needed, as the glue bonding required for the wood parts was in many cases defective. However, the schedule was so tight that testing was forced to continue with the current design. Speeds
677:
Heinkel had carried out some design work of a new twin-engine fighter with one engine placed on top of the aircraft and another under the nose, the highest point on the bottom of the fuselage. For the single-engine development, he removed the lower engine and repositioned the remaining upper engine
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concept to be a delusional failure. During
October 1944, the competition's results were announced, only three weeks following the requirement being issued; to little surprise, Heinkel's submission was selected for production. In order to confuse Allied intelligence, the RLM chose to reuse the 8-162
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The specification stipulated various performance requirements, including a maximum weight of 2,000 kg (4,400 lb), a maximum speed of 750 km/h (470 mph) at sea level, an operational endurance of at least a half hour, while the takeoff distance was to be no greater than 500 m
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The aircraft's relatively compact wing was mounted relatively high on the fuselage and was attached using four bolts. The leading edge was straight while the trailing edge had a significant forward sweep. It was not possible to remove the wing without first removing the engine, an arrangement that
608:
On 8 September 1944, the requirement was issued to industry; bidders were required to submit their basic designs within ten days while quantity production of the aircraft was to commence by 1 January 1945. Because the winner of the new lightweight fighter design competition would be building huge
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A flying bomb. The fighter would sit atop the bomb, which would itself be equipped with two underwing-mounted BMW 003 turbojets. This ungainly combination would take off on a sprung trolley fitted with tandem wheels on each side for the "main gear" equivalent, derived from that used on the first
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During its exceedingly brief operational service career, the He 162's cartridge-type ejector seat was employed under combat conditions by JG 1's pilots at least four times. Kirchner had been the first to eject when he was attacked on April 19, but he was too low and was killed when his parachute
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out from the root and between the spars, that fed into the main 695 litre fuselage tank in a similar manner to what the earlier 325 litre center-section tank had been proposed to do; but were themselves ungauged, their exhaustion of fuel only marked when the main fuel gauge began to fall during
431:
to go almost unopposed from the air. With few planes coming up to fight, Allied fighters were let loose on the German airbases, railways and truck traffic. Logistics soon became a serious problem for the
Luftwaffe, as maintaining aircraft in fighting condition became almost impossible. Getting
836:
Various changes had raised the weight over the original 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) limit, but even at 2,800 kg (6,170 lb), the He 162 was still among the fastest aircraft in the air with a maximum airspeed of 790 km/h (427 kn; 491 mph) at sea level and 839 km/h
804:
The He 162 was originally built with the intention of being flown by the Hitler Youth, as the
Luftwaffe was fast running out of pilots. However, the aircraft's complexity required more experienced pilots. Both a standard-fuselage length, unarmed BMW 003E-powered two-seat version (with the rear
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and centered directly over the wing's center section. This arrangement simplified the overall balance of the aircraft, while also placing the engine in a convenient point for removal as it could be removed upward with a small crane. The need for a crane to be present at every airfield that the
426:
This change in tactics resulted in a sudden increase in the rate of irreplaceable losses to the
Luftwaffe day fighter force, as their heavily laden aircraft were "bounced" long before reaching the bombers. Within weeks, many of their aces were dead, along with hundreds of other pilots, and the
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would have hindered routine maintenance of the aircraft. The combination of the engine being directly above the pilot and the wings on either side would make a conventional bailout very risky, so the aircraft was designed from the start to feature an ejection seat akin to the one used in the
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signed the surrender of all German armed forces in the
Netherlands, Northwest Germany and Denmark. On 6 May, when the British reached their airfields, JG 1 turned their He 162s over to the Allies. Numerous aircraft were shipped to the U.S., Britain, France, and the Soviet Union for further
925:-Schmarl, northwest of the Rostock city centre), where the pilots could pick up their new jets and start intensive training beginning in March 1945. This was all happening simultaneously with unrelenting Allied air attacks on the transportation network, aircraft production facilities and
1046:, an elite jet unit under Adolf Galland a few weeks earlier, were all destroyed by their crews to keep them from falling into Allied hands. Heinkel did not resort to such measures, the company's engineers supplied the Americans with detailed designs for the He 162. By the time of
1801:
Pilots mastered some of the Spatz's nasty habits but the jet would always be a difficult, even dangerous, aircraft to fly, even for experienced pilots...the He 162 has often been erroneously referred to as the
Salmander. The term is a codename for the wing structure, not the
423:, commander of 8AF, had changed policy in January 1944; rather than forcing escorts to stay with the bomber formations, they were free to fly ahead of the bomber formations and roam freely over Germany to hit the Luftwaffe's defensive fighters wherever they could be found.
590:, could fly for the defense of Germany, displayed the unbalanced fanaticism of those days." The clipped-wingspan DFS Habicht models had varying wingspans of both 8 m (26 ft 3 in) or 6 m (19 ft 8 in), and were used to prepare more experienced
753:
design. None were considered important enough to hold up the production schedule for even a day. On a second flight on 10 December, again with Peter at the controls, in front of various Nazi officials, the glue again caused a structural failure. This allowed the
770:. While this tendency could be resolved by reducing the dihedral, however, as the He 162 was supposed to enter production within weeks, there was no time to implement major design changes. Instead, a number of small changes were made, such as the addition of
639:
As
Heinkel had a head start on its design, some officials believed that the outcome was a largely foregone conclusion. Nevertheless, many companies opted to produce responses; some of these competing designs were technically superior (in particular to the
953:, near the Danish border. On 8 April, II./JG 1 moved to Heinkel's aforementioned Rostock northwestern coastal suburban factory airfield and started converting from Fw 190As to He 162s. III./JG 1 was also scheduled to convert to the He 162, but the
1146:(model) prototype airframes M11 and M12's testing revealed a top speed of 885 km/h (550 mph) at sea level at normal thrust and 960 km/h (597 mph) with maximum thrust, close to the Me 163B rocket fighter's top velocity figures.
398:
offensive in conjunction with the RAF, to force a decisive battle with Luftwaffe by attacking German aircraft production and so achieve Allied air superiority over Europe. The bombers returned to the skies with the long-range
725:
The He 162 V1 first prototype flew within an astoundingly short period of time: the design was chosen on 25 September 1944 and first flew on 6 December, less than 90 days later. This was despite the fact that the factory in
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Museum on static display in Chino, California, USA. This aircraft was captured by the British at Leck and sent to the United States in 1945 where it was given the designation FE-489 (Foreign Equipment 489) and later
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and sporadic structural failures. Only two of the 13 aircraft were actually shot down. The He 162's 30-minute fuel capacity also caused problems, as at least two of JG 1's pilots were killed attempting emergency
1050:
on 8 May 1945, 120 He 162s had been delivered while a further 200 had been completed and were awaiting collection or flight-testing; an additional 600 or so aircraft were in various stages of production,
456:
Addressing this posed a considerable problem for the Luftwaffe. Two camps quickly developed, both demanding the immediate introduction of large numbers of jet fighter aircraft. One group, led by General
318:
in an operational setting. The small size left little room for fuel, which combined with the inefficient engine resulted in very low endurance - in the order of 20 minutes - and it only had room for two
1763:
normal thrust, 890 km/h (550 mph; 480 kn) at sea level emergency boosted thrust, and 905 km/h (562 mph; 489 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft) emergency boosted thrust
1102:
would then fly to within strike range of the designated target. Upon reaching this point, the bomb would be aimed squarely at the target and then released, with the jet turning back for home. The
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741:
and a replacement had to be quickly substituted, without realizing that the replacement adhesive was highly acidic and would disintegrate the wooden parts it was intended to be fastening.
737:
glue — used in a substantial number of late-war German aviation designs whose airframes and/or major airframe components were meant to be constructed mostly from wood —
386:
unguided rockets, gave the German single and twin-engined defensive fighters a degree of firepower never seen previously by Allied fliers. Meanwhile, single-engine aircraft like
821:. The unit was in the process of formation when the war ended, and did not begin any training; it is doubtful that more than one or two He 162S gliders ever took to the air.
465:, reasoned that superior numbers had to be countered with superior technology, and demanded that all possible effort be put into increasing the production of the jet powered
1868:
Williamson, Charles C.; Hughes, R. D.; Cabell, C. P.; Nazarro, J. J.; Bender, F. P.; Crigglesworth, W. J. (5 March 1944). Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive.
973:. Though still in training, I./JG 1 began to score kills in mid-April, but went on to lose 13 He 162s and 10 pilots. Ten of the aircraft were operational losses, caused by
1054:
The difficulties experienced by the He 162 are believed to have been primarily a result of its rush into production, rather than any inherent design flaw. One experienced
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responded by changing tactics, forming in front of the bombers and making a single pass through the formations, giving the defense little time to react. Major General
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jet fighter design. However, Heinkel had already been working on a series of "paper projects" for light twin-engine fighters over the last year under the designation
854:
Eric Brown postwar) had an emplacement of a pair of "impregnated" 180 litre (47.5 US gal) wing tanks, one built into each inner wing panel, within the first four
817:
purposes. Only a small number were built, and even fewer delivered to the sole He 162 Hitler Youth training unit to be activated (in March 1945) at an airbase at
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937:(POL) product-making installations of the Third Reich – these had now begun to also target the Luftwaffe's jet and rocket fighter bases as well. On 6 April, the
338:
flew one just after the war and considered it a first-rate aircraft with few vices. Several He 162s have been preserved in museum collections around the world.
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failed to open. The second recorded use was by Lt Rudolf Schmidt on April 20, with Fw. Erwin Steeb ejecting from his He 162 the following day. Finally, Hptm.
1223: — mounted just above the exhaust orifice of the turbojet — for boost power. At least one prototype was built and flight-tested for a short time.
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training program could not replace their casualties quickly enough. The Luftwaffe were able to put up little fight during the summer of 1944, allowing the
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411:. Unencumbered with the heavy weapons needed to down a bomber, the Mustangs (and longer-ranged versions of other aircraft) were able to fend off the
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towards the front of the aircraft while the tail surfaces were also slightly increased in size. Despite these measures, some figures, such as
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889:("Test Unit 162") evaluation group to which the first 46 aircraft were delivered. The group was based at the Luftwaffe main test center, or
387:
6031:
1066:, one of the fin and rudder assemblies broke off at the start of a low-level roll causing the aircraft to crash into Oudenarde Barracks,
3779:
1437:
1189: — proposed upgrade featuring the B-series fuselage, Heinkel HeS 011A engine, swept-back, anhedraled outer wing panels forming a
281:, it was designed and built quickly and made primarily of wood as metals were in very short supply and prioritised for other aircraft.
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flew on 22 December. This time, the stability problems proved to be more serious, and were found to be related to phenomenon known as
6889:
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289:'s official name for the government design program competition won by the He 162 design. Other names given to the plane include
1152: — a proposed follow on planned for 1946, meant to use the Heinkel firm's own, more powerful 12 kN (2,700 lb) thrust
632:, with most design work being completed by Professor Benz, and had gone so far as to build and test several models and conduct some
4615:
1784:
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eight Arado Ar 234 prototypes, with all three jets running. Immediately after take-off, the trolley would be jettisoned, and the
1016:
In the last days of April, as the Soviet troops approached, II./JG 1 evacuated from Marienehe and on 2 May joined the I./JG 1 at
7008:
Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix.
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The aircraft was notable for its small size. It had a distinctive top-mounted engine which, combined with the aircraft's low
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The second group pointed out that this would likely do little to address the problem; the Me 262 had notoriously unreliable
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of the aircraft without hitting the engine difficult, and the He 162 was the first single-engine aircraft provided with an
81:
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4125:
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to supply a single-engine jet fighter that was suited for cheap and rapid mass production was established under the name
4608:
1142: — proposed upgrade with the more powerful Jumo 004D-4 engine of 10.3 kN (2,300 lbf) top thrust levels.
601:
rocket fighter – the same sort of training approach would also be used for the Hitler Youth aviators chosen to fly the
1357:, USA. This He 162A, captured by the British at Leck and sent to the US, along with several other recovered aircraft (
88:
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945:, inflicting serious losses and damage to the infrastructure. Two days later, I./JG 1 moved to an airfield at nearby
841:
document submittal for the He 162 dated mid-October 1944 showed a pair of fuel tanks for the original version of the
714:
334:. Numerous aircraft were captured by the Allied forces along with ample supplies of parts from the production lines.
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2769:"Individual History: Heinkel He162A-2 W/NR.120227/AIR MIN 65/VN679/8472M, Museum Accession Number 1990/0697/A"
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to separate from the wing, causing the plane to roll over, it broke up in the air and crashed, killing Peter.
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1320:
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911:
717:, as well as the double-acting hydraulic cylinders, one per side, used to raise and lower each maingear leg.
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gal) feeding by gravity into the main fuselage tank. The A-2 version, in some examples (as the one flown by
609:
numbers of the planes, nearly every German aircraft manufacturer expressed interest in the project, such as
6021:
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attempted to eject from his aircraft on April 24, but was killed when the cockpit canopy failed to detach.
921:, some 80 km south-southwest of the Heinkel factory's coastal airfield at "Marienehe" (today known as
910: — "1st Fighter Wing"), which had previously flown the Focke-Wulf Fw 190A. I./JG 1 was transferred to
749:
land. Other problems were noted as well, notably a pitch instability and problems with sideslip due to the
571:, suggested even glider or student pilots should be able to fly the jet effectively in combat and, had the
433:
77:
2467:"Baubeschreibung des einmotorigen Jagdeinsitzers, Baumuster 162, mit TL-Triebwerk BMW 003 E-1 (in German)"
2385:"Baubeschreibung des einmotorigen Jagdeinsitzers, Baumuster 162, mit TL-Triebwerk BMW 003 E-1 (in German)"
2164:"Baubeschreibung des einmotorigen Jagdeinsitzers, Baumuster 162, mit TL-Triebwerk BMW 003 E-1 (in German)"
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Hitler's Luftwaffe: A pictorial history and technical encyclopaedia of Hitler's air power in World War II
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design contender, likewise meant for BMW 003 turbojet power bore a resemblance to their slightly later
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in its A-1a fighter version, even if that meant reducing production of other aircraft in the meantime.
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layout. Heinkel had significant previous experience with this layout on earlier designs including the
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In February, deliveries of the He 162 commenced to its first operational unit, I./JG 1 (1st Group of
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pilot's seat planned to have a ventral access hatch to access the cockpit) and an unpowered two-seat
515:
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engines. The pulsejet, however didn't provide enough thrust for takeoff and neither Heinkel nor the
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1708:
1219: — He 162A fitted with the BMW 003R mixed power plant, a BMW 003A turbojet with an integrated
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pilot who flew the He 162 called it a "first-class combat aircraft." Test pilot Eric Brown of the
894:
862:
Multiple facilities were engaged in the production of the He 162, including the assembly lines in
31:
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He 162, produced by George Lucas (Nunda, NY) displayed at National Warplane Museum, Geneseo NY (
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competing airframe designs would use cheap and unsophisticated parts made of wood and other non-
483:
Galland and several other Luftwaffe senior officers expressed their vehement opposition to this
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782:, declared the flying characteristics of the He 162 to be unsuitable for inexperienced pilots.
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5 remained a "paper project", as the Arado bomb never progressed beyond the blueprint stage.
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aircraft would operate from was a point of contention of the aircraft from Heinkel's rivals.
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Video of restored He 162A retractable landing gear testing for the Musee de l'Air's example
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An He 162 is most likely in storage at the US Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum (
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stabilizing surface assembly, and upward-aimed twin 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108s as a
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disbanded on 24 April and its personnel were used to fill in the vacancies in other units.
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A turbojet, a stretched fuselage to provide more fuel and endurance as well as increased
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said, " unrealistic notion that this plane should be a 'people's fighter,' in which the
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1124: — armed with two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannons with 50 rounds per gun.
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3431:(Fourth impression (1979) ed.). London, UK: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd.
3239:. Secret Projects of the Luftwaffe Close Up, Number 1. Horncastle, UK: Tempest Books.
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was much shorter at 7.2 metres (24 ft) vs. 9.9 metres (32 ft) for the Bf 109
1136: — proposed upgrade with reinforced nose mounting twin 30 mm MK 108 cannons.
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Heinkel Strahlflugzeug He 162 "Volksjäger" — Entwicklung, Produktion und Einsatz
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Masters of the Air: America's Bomber Boys Who Fought the Air War Against Nazi Germany
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3211:. Aircraft in Profile number 203. Leatherhead, United Kingdom: Profile Publications.
2246:
1874:: Smith, Walter Bedell: Collection of World War II Documents, 1941–1945; Box No.: 48
540:
and, more importantly, could be assembled by semi- and non-skilled labor, including
528:
turbojet, a slightly lower-thrust engine not in demand for either the Me 262 or the
491:
6706:
6309:
6026:
5047:
5038:
5034:
5006:
4895:
4733:
4704:
2257:
1346:
1278:
1209: — proposed upgrade with a configuration similar to C-series but a dihedraled
915:
524:
design competition parameters specified a single-seat fighter, powered by a single
473:
352:
266:
3277:
2nd Tactical Air Force. Volume III: From the Rhine to Victory: January to May 1945
1867:
1199:
1020:. On 3 May, all of JG 1's surviving He 162s were restructured into two groups, I.
575:
achieved widespread use, this would have been a likely occurrence. After the war,
498:
fully supported the idea. Göring and Speer got their way; accordingly, a contract
7032:
6924:
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3046:
2987:
1681:
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1358:
1153:
1063:
1029:
1010:
965:
859:
flight. The production He 162A-2 was armed with a pair of 20mm MG 151/20 cannon.
814:
806:
705:
The main landing gear retracted into the fuselage below the wing and were of the
420:
262:
1001:
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4316:
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3740:
1559:
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1411:
near Paris, France, with a fully restored and operable retracting landing gear.
1331:
1294:
970:
710:
696:
629:
583:, after a short training regimen with clipped-wing two-seater gliders like the
3718:
3713:
3708:
3700:
2220:
867:
829:
452:, surrendered to the British at Leck, pictured at Freeman Field, Indiana, 1945
7042:
6716:
6574:
6384:
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361:
315:
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4709:
3028:
Heinkel He 162 Volksjager: From Drawing Board to Destruction: The Volksjäger
2010:
Excerpt from Lucas Arts' "Secret Weapons of Luftwaffe" CD-ROM's Text Manual.
1130: — armed with two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons with 120 rounds per gun.
6963:
6934:
6864:
6854:
6849:
6725:
6418:
6200:
6171:
6142:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6044:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5726:
5570:
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5546:
5541:
5536:
5326:
5316:
4937:
4871:
4847:
4842:
4728:
4534:
4528:
3881:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3321:
1580:
840 km/h (520 mph, 450 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
1247:
644:
proposal). Messerschmitt did not submit any design, the company's founder,
580:
564:
529:
495:
477:
400:
307:
274:
3148:
To Command the Sky: The Battle for Air Superiority Over Germany, 1942–1944
2682:
Brown, Eric. "Mastering Heinkel's Minimus; Air Enthusiast, 2:6, June 1972.
786:
their use on a production-line, military jet aircraft – small, anhedraled
6810:
6696:
6442:
6195:
6176:
5681:
5321:
5245:
5240:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5150:
5141:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5065:
4955:
4857:
4852:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4808:
4795:
4786:
4675:
4630:
3741:"Heinkel He 162 A-2 ("T2-489" c/n 120077) US Army Air Forces "Nervenklau"
3719:
December 2012 Interview with Harald Bauer, a surviving He 162A test pilot
3670:
2743:
1723:
1220:
1164:
wingtip devices. To be armed with twin 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108s.
1094:
1093:
5 project study in early 1945 proposed the mating of an He 162A-2 to the
946:
934:
633:
584:
373:
311:
169:
3714:
The Memorial Flight's (France) restoration of He 162A WkNr. 120 015 Page
3347:. Aircraft of the Aces No 9. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
3088:
In Furious Skies: Flying with Hitler's Luftwaffe in the Second World War
1479:
394:
The 8th Air Force re-opened its bombing campaign in early 1944 with the
6939:
6181:
5831:
5112:
2931:
Wings of the Luftwaffe: Flying Captured German Aircraft of World War II
1646:
871:
847:
818:
767:
614:
320:
3407:
Couderchon, Philippe (April 2006). "The Salamander in France Part 1".
1173:
design competition powered by one or two "square-intake" Argus As 044
832:
underground production line for the He 162A was captured in April 1945
310:, allowed the engine to be easily accessed for maintenance. This made
6953:
5056:
4737:
4564:
4081:
3516:(in German and English). Andelfingen, Germany: Müller History Facts.
3298:. Combat Aircraft No 117. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
1760:
1643:
1467:
1255:
1190:
1067:
926:
787:
763:
731:
727:
568:
270:
200:
2476:. Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. 15 October 1944. p. 43. Archived from
2394:. Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. 15 October 1944. p. 39. Archived from
2173:. Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. 15 October 1944. p. 40. Archived from
1405:
120015) formerly of III./JG1, is currently under restoration at the
44:
4800:
3757:
3486:
Heinkel He 162 "Volksjäger" — Entwicklung, Produktion, Einsatz
1747:
1174:
1157:
974:
863:
395:
3418:
Couderchon, Philippe (May 2006). "The Salamander in France Part".
3326:
Arming the Luftwaffe: The German Aviation Industry in World War II
3257:
Secret Projects of the Luftwaffe - Vol 1 - Jet Fighters 1939 -1945
1443:
Wk. Nr. 120235, Imperial War Museum, London (now moved to Duxford)
6730:
6652:
6647:
6072:
6054:
6049:
5909:
5845:
5840:
4979:
3788:
1028:("Collection"). All JG 1's aircraft were grounded on 5 May, when
922:
755:
734:
679:
525:
300:
189:
4885:
3220:. Boylston, Massachusetts, US: Monogram Aviation Publications.
1271:
1194:
1082:
750:
691:
at 14º, raising the vertical stabilizers inline with the wing.
293:, which was the codename of its wing-construction program, and
3593:
Flugerfahrungen mit der Heinkel He 162;— Testpiloten berichten
993:
914:, which, at the time, was also a base for the Me 262-equipped
3731:"Heinkel He 162 A-2 ("FE-504" c/n 120230) US Army Air Forces"
3573:(in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas Verlag. 1984.
1043:
762:
were limited to 500 km/h (310 mph) when the second
432:
enough fuel was even more difficult because of a devastating
369:
265:, "People's Fighter") is a German single-engine, jet-powered
30:"Volksjäger" redirects here. For the Focke-Wulf project, see
3190:
Defending the Reich- The History of Jagdgeschwader 1 'Oesau'
960:
The He 162 first saw combat in mid-April 1945. On 19 April,
3633:(Third (1978) ed.). London, UK: Putnam & Company.
3128:
Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945: An Illustrated History
949:
and, less than a week later, moved again to an airfield at
771:
3671:
The Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger at Greg Goebel's AIR VECTORS
3514:
Heinkel He 162 "Volksjäger": Letzter Versuch der Luftwaffe
3070:. Duel No. 24. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
2228:(YouTube). Le Bourget, Paris, France: memorialflight. 2008
1160:, with reduced dihedral which allowed the omission of the
687:
mounted below it. The horizontal section had considerable
532:
jet bomber, already in service. The main structure of the
299:("Sparrow"), which was the name given to the plane by the
2933:(Revised ed.). Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications.
2273:. Atglen, PA USA: Schiffer Publishing. pp. 136–137.
1791:. Smithsonian Institution National Air & Space Museum
930:
657:); Heinkel had reportedly requested another designation,
1913:
1548:
695 L (184 US gal; 153 imp gal)
1455:
Wk. Nr. 120086, Canada Aviation and Space Museum, Ottawa
1169:
The He 162B airframe was also used as the basis for the
155:
He 162A, WkNr. 120230, during post-war trials in the USA
1819:
380:
heavy fighters, and the adoption in spring 1943 of the
3146:
McFarland, Stephen L.; Newton, Wesley Philips (1991).
552:
with 100 rounds each, or two 30 mm (1.2 in)
7016:
3392:(in Czech and English). Prague, Czech Republic: MBI.
3108:
B-17 Flying Fortress - Combat and Development History
346:
3701:
He 162 "Salamander" Russian training film, 9 minutes
3150:. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
1840:
3469:(in German). Lemwerder, Germany: Stedinger Verlag.
1671:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3448:The Luftwaffe Profile Series No.16: Heinkel He 162
3166:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1203:weapons fitment, located right behind the cockpit.
563:needed to be easy to fly. Some officials, such as
434:campaign against German petroleum industry targets
3030:. Hersham, United Kingdom: Classic Publications.
2215:
2213:
1807:
1719:List of World War II military aircraft of Germany
7040:
3612:Heinkel He 162 Volksjager (Monogram Close-Up 11)
2971:. London, United Kingdom: Aerospace Publishing.
2868:. Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin. Archived from
1861:
1089:pre-dated the He 162 by over two years, and the
6995:Assigned, but not used before RLM was dissolved
3595:(in German). Norderstedt, Germany: BOD-Verlag.
3145:
2696:. London, England. 10 November 1945. p. 2.
2422:
1925:
1361:), is currently fitted with the tail unit from
1349:of 1./JG 1, is currently owned by the American
323:, making it relatively underarmed for the era.
4632:Reich Air Ministry (RLM) aircraft designations
3215:
3051:. Combat Aircraft No. 118. Osprey Publishing.
2210:
2192:
4616:
3773:
3614:. Acton, MA: Monogram Aviation Publications.
2258:Animation of He 162 maingear retraction cycle
2247:Animation of He 162 nosegear retraction cycle
2135:
2133:
1988:
1986:
1967:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1759:790 km/h (490 mph; 430 kn) at
1070:, killing Marks and a soldier on the ground.
882:During January 1945, the Luftwaffe formed an
3590:
3495:He-162 Volksjager (Wydawnictwo Militaria 49)
3293:
3131:. Jefferson, North Carolina, US: McFarland.
3025:
2762:
2760:
1906:
1904:
3610:Smith, J. Richard; Creek, Eddie J. (1986).
3533:X Planes of the Third Reich: Heinkel He 162
3497:. Warszawa, Poland: Wydawnictwo Militaria.
3361:
3345:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front
3216:Smith, J., Richard; Creek, Eddie J (1982).
3207:Smith, J. Richard; Conway, William (1967).
3206:
2947:
2700:
2563:
2561:
2368:
2308:
2301:
2299:
2287:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2049:
1995:
1474:
4623:
4609:
4559:Heinkel Three-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane
4553:Type 2 Single-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane
3780:
3766:
3609:
3417:
3406:
3387:
2667:
2649:
2631:
2540:
2522:
2413:
2268:
2130:
2103:
2094:
2067:
2058:
2022:
1983:
1962:
1950:
1885:
1883:
1118: — first ten pre-production aircraft.
1042:162 fighters, which had been passed on to
3388:Balous, Miroslav; Bílý, Miroslav (2004).
3068:Fw 190 Sturmböcke vs B-17 Flying Fortress
2757:
2658:
2531:
2513:
2350:
2341:
2085:
2040:
2013:
1941:
1901:
1892:
1085:series of fighter/powered bomb composite
653:airframe designation (formerly that of a
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
3629:Smith, J. Richard; Kay, Anthony (1972).
3628:
3026:Forsyth, Robert; Creek, Eddie J (2008).
3009:Germany's Secret Weapons of World War II
2748:
2640:
2558:
2504:
2359:
2317:
2296:
2201:
2142:
2112:
2076:
2031:
1974:
1478:
1000:
992:
823:
668:
443:
403:escort fighters progressively replacing
4547:Type 2 Two-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane
3631:German Aircraft of the Second World War
3549:
3492:
3187:
3065:
3044:
3011:. London, United Kingdom: Amber Books.
2831:"Heinkel He 162A-1 Volksjäger (120086)"
2766:
2452:
2450:
2332:
1880:
1825:
1586:975 km (606 mi, 526 nmi)
1342:120230), thought to have been flown by
1181:showed much enthusiasm for the project.
14:
7041:
3511:
3488:. Wien, Austria: Verlag Alfred Hiller.
3483:
3464:
3445:
3274:
3253:
3234:
3173:. New York, US: Simon & Schuster.
3164:
3124:
2966:
1650:
1565:, 7.85 kN (1,760 lbf) thrust
1309:
877:
744:The first flight of the He 162 V1, by
739:had been bombed by the Royal Air Force
330:Production was still running when the
4604:
3761:
3530:
3426:
3320:
3084:
2925:
2222:Heinkel 162 (He162) landing gear test
1919:
1742:Although almost the same length as a
1604:252 kg/m (52 lb/sq ft)
1319:120227) of JG 1 is on display at the
941:bombed the field at Parchim with 134
487:concept, while head of the Luftwaffe
27:Interceptor jet aircraft, German, WW2
7054:World War II jet aircraft of Germany
3787:
3342:
3294:Thomas, Chris; Holmes, Tony (2016).
3105:
3006:
2985:
2806:"Heinkel He 162 A-2 Spatz (Sparrow)"
2447:
1846:
1813:
1785:"Heinkel He 162 A-2 Spatz (Sparrow)"
1714:List of jet aircraft of World War II
1530:11.16 m (120.1 sq ft)
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
3676:Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger in Detail
3554:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing.
3535:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing.
3450:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing.
2717:"History and Experiences of He-162"
2456:Wood and Gunston 1977, pp. 194–195.
2337:. Aero Publishers, inc. p. 33.
24:
3381:
3362:Wood, Tony; Gunston, Bill (1977).
2837:. Canada Aviation and Space Museum
2610:Thomas and Holmes 2016, pp. 60–61.
1598:23.42 m/s (4,610 ft/min)
1512:9.05 m (29 ft 8 in)
1431:Wk. Nr. 120227, RAF Museum, London
1418:120222, Air Force number T-2-504).
347:State of the Luftwaffe fighter arm
25:
7080:
3648:
3390:Heinkel He 162 Spatz (Volksjäger)
3192:. Norfolk, UK: JAC Publications.
3125:Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G. (2009).
2692:"Two Killed In Flying Accident".
1518:7.2 m (23 ft 7 in)
1229: — two-seat training glider.
1221:BMW 718 liquid-fuel rocket engine
1048:Germany's unconditional surrender
809:version, designated the He 162S (
7026:
3366:. London, UK: Salamander Books.
2912:Forsyth & Creek 2008, p. 181
2795:Forsyth & Creek 2008, p. 180
1704:List of aircraft of World War II
1524:2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)
1448:
1436:
1424:
1374:Canada Aviation and Space Museum
1287:
1264:
1240:
1073:
1009:in France, brought to the US by
774:ballast in the nose to move the
655:Messerschmitt Bf 162 fast bomber
149:
43:
3591:Peter-Michel, Wolfgang (2011).
2919:
2906:
2884:
2858:
2849:
2823:
2798:
2789:
2737:
2709:
2685:
2676:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2570:
2549:
2495:
2459:
2438:
2377:
2326:
2262:
2251:
2240:
2156:
2004:
1872:Eisenhower Presidential Library
1753:
1657:2 × 30 mm (1.181 in)
1642:2 × 20 mm (0.787 in)
1622:0.41 (emergency boosted thrust)
54:needs additional citations for
2950:The Race for Hitler's X-Planes
2744:The Heinkel He-162 Volksjaeger
2628:Thomas and Holmes 2016, p. 60.
1852:
1831:
1777:
1736:
1592:12,000 m (39,000 ft)
1468:www.nationalwarplanemuseum.com
1394:120235) Captured at Leck, at
1385:Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin
341:
13:
1:
7049:1940s German fighter aircraft
6998:Assigned to captured aircraft
3218:Jet Planes of the Third Reich
2952:. Stroud, UK: History Press.
1729:
1661:with 50 rpg (He 162 A-0, A-1)
1542:2,800 kg (6,173 lb)
1536:1,660 kg (3,660 lb)
1408:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
1372:120086) is on display at the
1355:National Air and Space Museum
1321:Royal Air Force Museum London
997:A captured He 162, circa 1945
982:after exhausting their fuel.
964:Günther Kirchner shot down a
943:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses
720:
509:
391:affecting their performance.
7069:Aircraft first flown in 1944
7004:Propaganda/cover designation
4541:Aichi Type H Carrier Fighter
3429:Warplanes of the Third Reich
3328:. Jefferson, US: McFarland.
3296:Tempest Squadrons of the RAF
3275:Shores, Christopher (2006).
2866:"Medieninfo: Heinkel He 162"
2271:German Aircraft Landing Gear
2269:Sengfelder, Günther (1993).
1837:McFarland and Newton 1991, .
1770:
1383:120076) is displayed at the
1330:120077) is displayed at the
1303:Royal Aircraft Establishment
1233:
7:
7064:Single-engined jet aircraft
3691:Heinkel He 162 "Volksjäger"
3655:The NASM's Heinkel He 162A
3552:Heinkel He 162 "Volksjager"
2892:"Heinkel 162A-1 Salamander"
2724:wwiiaircraftperformance.org
1687:Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
1665:
1396:Imperial War Museum Duxford
1109:
401:North American P-51 Mustang
388:specially equipped Fw 190As
10:
7085:
3550:Nowarra, Heinz J. (1993).
3165:Miller, Donald L. (2006).
3106:Hess, William. N. (1994).
2969:Warplanes of the Luftwaffe
2948:Christopher, John (2013).
1876:(Report). HQ, U.S.S.T.A.F.
513:
439:
405:Republic P-47 Thunderbolts
29:
6985:
6755:Post-349 (non-sequential)
6754:
6475:
5892:
5278:
4643:
4521:
4390:
4124:
3905:
3805:
3796:
3696:Heinkel 162 Ejection Seat
3091:. Pen and Sword History.
2706:LePage 2009, pp. 160-161.
2601:Shores 2006, pp. 497–498.
2435:Christopher 2013, p. 146.
2109:Sharp 2020b, pp. 177–178.
1938:Christopher 2013, p. 145.
1171:Miniature Fighter Project
1033:Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
793:, reportedly designed by
664:
594:pilots for the dangerous
516:Emergency Fighter Program
429:Allied landings in France
279:Emergency Fighter Program
244:
236:
228:
220:
215:
207:
195:
183:
175:
165:
160:
148:
143:
3493:Ledwoch, Janusz (1998).
3465:Griehl, Manfred (2007).
3446:Griehl, Manfred (2007).
3279:. Classic Publications.
3066:Forsyth, Robert (2009).
3045:Forsyth, Robert (2016).
2986:Dorr, Robert F. (2013).
2767:Simpson, Andrew (2015).
2374:Forsyth 2016, pp. 30-32.
2314:Forsyth 2016, pp. 25-29.
2293:Forsyth 2016, pp. 24-25.
2198:Christopher 2013, p. 58.
2001:Forsyth 2016, pp. 17-18.
1709:List of fighter aircraft
1475:Specifications (He 162A)
415:with relative ease. The
409:Lockheed P-38 Lightnings
3571:Der "Volksjäger" He 162
3484:Hiller, Alfred (1984).
3427:Green, William (1970).
3048:He 162 Volksjäger Units
2810:Smithsonian Institution
2519:Dorr 2013, pp. 154-155.
2055:Forsyth 2016, pp. 9-10.
1497:General characteristics
1351:Smithsonian Institution
797:and known in German as
619:Focke-Wulf Volksjäger 1
494:and Armaments Minister
368:autoloading weapons in
3512:Müller, Peter (2006).
3188:Mombeek, Eric (1992).
2989:Fighting Hitler's Jets
2967:Donald, David (1994).
2776:Royal Air Force Museum
2655:Forsyth 2016, pp. 6-7.
2028:Forsyth 2016, pp. 7-8.
1959:Forsyth 2016, pp. 8-9.
1484:
1087:ground-attack aircraft
1013:
998:
833:
813:), were developed for
674:
642:Blohm & Voss P 211
506:("People's Fighter").
453:
351:Through 1943 the U.S.
277:. Developed under the
4535:Orlogsvaerftet HM.II.
3754:with aircraft history
3737:with aircraft history
3531:Myhra, David (1999).
2894:. Imperial War Museum
2555:Mombeek 1992, p. 297.
2474:deutsche-luftwaffe.de
2392:deutsche-luftwaffe.de
2171:deutsche-luftwaffe.de
1482:
1323:, Hendon, London, UK.
1004:
996:
827:
715:Messerschmitt Bf 109K
672:
556:with 50 rounds each.
463:Inspector of Fighters
447:
332:war ended in May 1945
32:Focke-Wulf Volksjäger
4522:Foreign designations
3797:Company designations
3254:Sharp, Dan (2020b).
3235:Sharp, Dan (2020a).
3007:Ford, Roger (2013).
2673:LePage 2009, p. 266.
2664:Sharp 2020b, p. 148.
2637:Forsyth 2016, p. 81.
2619:Shores 2006, p. 498.
2582:www.hawkertempest.se
2546:Forsyth 2016, p. 62.
2537:Sharp 2020b, p. 179.
2528:LePage 2009, p. 267.
2444:Donald 1994, p. 119.
2419:Forsyth 2016, p. 51.
2356:Sharp 2020b, p. 311.
2347:Sharp 2020b, p. 155.
2139:Forsyth 2016, p. 14.
2100:Forsyth 2016, p. 22.
2091:Sharp 2020b, p. 178.
2073:Forsyth 2016, p. 15.
2064:Forsyth 2016, p. 11.
1992:Forsyth 2016, p. 10.
1971:LePage 2009, p. 244.
1858:Miller 2006, p. 320.
1744:Messerschmitt Bf 109
1692:Messerschmitt Me 262
1677:de Havilland Vampire
1613:0.35 (normal thrust)
661:, for the aircraft.
474:Jumo 004 jet engines
467:Messerschmitt Me 262
63:improve this article
6992:Unofficial/proposed
3343:Weal, John (1996).
3085:Heath, Tim (2022).
2855:Sharp 2020a, p. 133
2754:Sharp 2020b, p. 20.
2501:Brown 2010, p. 137.
2365:Sharp 2020b, p. 11.
2323:Sharp 2020b, p. 18.
2207:Sharp 2020b, p. 72.
2082:Sharp 2020b, p. 16.
2046:Forsyth 2016, p. 9.
2019:Heath 2022, p. 223.
1947:LePage 2009, p. 38.
1922:, pp. 240–243.
1910:Forsyth 2016, p. 7.
1898:Forsyth 2016, p. 8.
1540:Max takeoff weight:
1491:Hitler's Luftwaffe.
1310:Aircraft on display
1024:("Combat") and II.
988:Paul-Heinrich Dähne
878:Operational history
673:He 162 tail section
646:Willy Messerschmitt
538:strategic materials
364:, and even heavier
161:General information
4391:Projects 1933–1945
3746:2014-10-06 at the
3681:2008-09-04 at the
3664:2019-12-23 at the
3420:Aeroplane Magazine
3410:Aeroplane Magazine
3209:The Heinkel He 162
2835:ingeniumcanada.org
2646:Dorr 2013, p. 161.
2567:Dorr 2013, p. 160.
2510:Dorr 2013, p. 159.
2305:Dorr 2013, p. 156.
2153:Dorr 2013, p. 150.
2127:Ford 2013, p. 224.
2037:Dorr 2013, p. 151.
1980:Dorr 2013, p. 152.
1889:Dorr 2013, p. 153.
1789:airandspace.si.edu
1485:
1211:forward-swept wing
1040:Erprobungskommando
1014:
999:
980:deadstick landings
885:Erprobungskommando
834:
795:Alexander Lippisch
791:"drooped" wingtips
780:Alexander Lippisch
675:
454:
376:calibres on their
287:Reich Air Ministry
7014:
7013:
4598:
4597:
4120:
4119:
3602:978-3-8423-7048-7
3568:(Translation of:
3476:978-3-927697-50-8
3457:978-0-7643-1430-8
3354:978-1-85532-595-1
3305:978-1-4728-1454-8
3267:978-1-911658-80-1
3260:. Tempest Books.
3246:978-1-911658-24-5
3180:978-0-7432-3544-0
3138:978-0-7864-3937-9
3098:978-1-5267-8526-8
3077:978-1-84603-941-6
3058:978-1-47281-459-3
3037:978-1-90653-700-5
2999:978-0-7603-4398-2
2959:978-0-7524-6457-2
2940:978-1-9021091-5-2
1849:, pp. 77–78.
1828:, pp. 58–59.
776:centre of gravity
559:Furthermore, the
520:The official RLM
383:Werfer-Granate 21
355:(8AF) and German
252:
251:
229:Introduction date
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
7076:
7059:Heinkel aircraft
7031:
7030:
7029:
7022:
6807:
6787:
6742:
6688:
6683:
6664:
6624:
6619:
6610:
6586:
6566:
6556:
6546:
6541:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6463:
6424:
6405:
6361:
6351:
6336:
6321:
6316:
6286:
6236:
6226:
6211:
6159:
6149:
6139:
6119:
6104:
6099:
6013:
5998:
5969:
5931:
5921:
5838:
5809:
5772:
5723:
5718:
5708:
5698:
5608:
5595:
5586:
5557:
5465:
5386:
5267:
5237:
5232:
5222:
5182:
5157:
5128:
4892:
4864:
4815:
4806:
4784:
4764:
4682:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4602:
4601:
3803:
3802:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3750:photo of He 162
3733:photo of He 162
3705:
3689:
3659:, to be restored
3644:
3625:
3606:
3584:
3565:
3546:
3527:
3508:
3489:
3480:
3461:
3442:
3423:
3414:
3403:
3377:
3358:
3339:
3317:
3290:
3271:
3250:
3231:
3212:
3203:
3184:
3172:
3161:
3142:
3121:
3102:
3081:
3062:
3041:
3022:
3003:
2992:. Zenith Press.
2982:
2963:
2944:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2483:on 4 August 2016
2482:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2401:on 4 August 2016
2400:
2389:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2333:Maloney (1965).
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2266:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2217:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2180:on 4 August 2016
2179:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2140:
2137:
2128:
2125:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1960:
1957:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1740:
1652:
1634:
1590:Service ceiling:
1573:
1499:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1347:Herbert Ihlefeld
1293:
1291:
1290:
1279:French Air Force
1270:
1268:
1267:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1005:Captured He 162
891:Erprobungsstelle
678:just aft of the
648:, dismissed the
611:Blohm & Voss
550:MG 151/20 cannon
353:Eighth Air Force
267:fighter aircraft
153:
141:
140:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
78:"Heinkel He 162"
71:
47:
39:
21:
7084:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7027:
7025:
7017:
7015:
7010:
6981:
6805:
6785:
6750:
6740:
6686:
6681:
6662:
6622:
6617:
6608:
6584:
6564:
6554:
6544:
6539:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6471:
6461:
6422:
6403:
6359:
6349:
6334:
6319:
6314:
6284:
6234:
6224:
6209:
6157:
6147:
6137:
6117:
6102:
6097:
6011:
5996:
5967:
5929:
5919:
5888:
5836:
5807:
5770:
5721:
5716:
5706:
5696:
5606:
5593:
5584:
5555:
5463:
5384:
5274:
5265:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5180:
5155:
5126:
4890:
4862:
4813:
4804:
4782:
4762:
4680:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4639:
4629:
4599:
4594:
4517:
4386:
4129:
4116:
3901:
3810:(HE) monoplanes
3798:
3792:
3786:
3748:Wayback Machine
3703:
3687:
3683:Wayback Machine
3666:Wayback Machine
3651:
3641:
3622:
3603:
3581:
3569:
3562:
3543:
3524:
3505:
3477:
3458:
3439:
3400:
3384:
3382:Further reading
3374:
3355:
3336:
3306:
3287:
3268:
3247:
3228:
3200:
3181:
3158:
3139:
3118:
3110:. Motor books.
3099:
3078:
3059:
3038:
3019:
3000:
2979:
2960:
2941:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2897:
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2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
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2532:
2527:
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2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
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2464:
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2434:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
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2256:
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2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1963:
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1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1926:
1918:
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1783:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1682:Henschel Hs 132
1668:
1635:
1630:
1569:
1563:turbojet engine
1495:
1477:
1456:
1453:
1444:
1441:
1432:
1429:
1401:An He 162 A-2 (
1390:An He 162 A-1 (
1368:An He 162 A-2 (
1359:Operation Lusty
1338:An He 162 A-2 (
1326:An He 162 A-2 (
1315:An He 162 A-2 (
1312:
1288:
1286:
1281:(Test aircraft)
1265:
1263:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1154:Heinkel HeS 011
1112:
1079:
1064:RAE Farnborough
1030:General Admiral
1011:Operation Lusty
966:Royal Air Force
880:
839:Baubeschreibung
723:
667:
587:Stummel-Habicht
518:
512:
489:Reichsmarschall
442:
421:Jimmy Doolittle
349:
344:
303:aviation firm.
269:fielded by the
256:Heinkel He 162
240:6 December 1944
176:National origin
156:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Heinkel He 162A
15:
12:
11:
5:
7082:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7036:
7035:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
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6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6611:
6606:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6531:
6530:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6278:
6269:
6264:
6251:
6246:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6198:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6066:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6038:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5843:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5805:
5796:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5675:
5670:
5668:Me 164/MeC 164
5665:
5652:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5600:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
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3237:Heinkel He 162
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2872:on 29 May 2012
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3990:
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3935:
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3912:
3910:(HD) biplanes
3909:
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3642:
3640:0-370-00024-2
3636:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3621:0-914144-11-1
3617:
3613:
3608:
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3598:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3580:3-7909-0216-0
3576:
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3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:0-88740-478-2
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3542:0-7643-0955-2
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3523:3-9522968-0-5
3519:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3504:83-86209-68-2
3500:
3496:
3491:
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3482:
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3459:
3453:
3449:
3444:
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3438:0-356-02382-6
3434:
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3411:
3405:
3401:
3399:80-86524-06-X
3395:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3373:0-86101-005-1
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3335:9780786488797
3331:
3327:
3323:
3322:Uziel, Daniel
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3286:1-90322-360-1
3282:
3278:
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3227:0-914144-27-8
3223:
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3205:
3201:
3199:0-9515737-1-3
3195:
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3117:0-87938-881-1
3113:
3109:
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3094:
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3018:9781909160569
3014:
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2995:
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2978:1-874023-56-5
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2300:
2290:
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2280:0-88740-470-7
2276:
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2259:
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2243:
2224:
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2195:
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2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1935:
1933:
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1834:
1827:
1822:
1816:, p. 78.
1815:
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1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:Related lists
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:MK 108 cannon
1656:
1653:(He 162 A-2)
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:Thrust/weight
1606:
1603:
1602:Wing loading:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
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1574:
1572:
1564:
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1553:
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1538:
1535:
1534:Empty weight:
1532:
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1200:Schräge Musik
1196:
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1060:Fleet Air Arm
1057:
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700:night fighter
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593:
589:
588:
582:
578:
577:Ernst Heinkel
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
554:MK 108 cannon
551:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
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517:
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505:
501:
497:
493:
490:
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485:light fighter
481:
479:
475:
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459:Adolf Galland
451:
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437:
435:
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389:
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371:
367:
363:
360:30mm calibre
358:
354:
339:
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333:
328:
324:
322:
317:
316:ejection seat
313:
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133:
130:
122:
119:February 2008
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7007:
6989:Not assigned
6904:
5649:
4583:Heinkel A7He
4291:
4128:designations
3908:Doppeldecker
3907:
3807:
3751:
3734:
3724:
3704:(in Russian)
3656:
3630:
3611:
3592:
3570:
3551:
3532:
3513:
3494:
3485:
3466:
3447:
3428:
3419:
3408:
3389:
3363:
3344:
3325:
3295:
3276:
3256:
3236:
3217:
3208:
3189:
3168:
3157:1-56098069-9
3147:
3127:
3107:
3087:
3067:
3047:
3027:
3008:
2988:
2968:
2949:
2930:
2920:Bibliography
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2870:the original
2860:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2834:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2800:
2791:
2779:. Retrieved
2750:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2723:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:
2572:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2478:the original
2473:
2461:
2440:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2396:the original
2391:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2289:
2270:
2264:
2253:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2221:
2203:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2170:
2158:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1976:
1943:
1915:
1894:
1869:
1863:
1854:
1842:
1833:
1826:Forsyth 2009
1821:
1809:
1800:
1795:25 September
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1779:
1755:
1738:
1697:
1696:
1670:
1669:
1654:
1639:
1631:
1629:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1461:Reproduction
1415:
1406:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1362:
1343:
1339:
1327:
1316:
1301:
1254:
1248:Nazi Germany
1226:
1216:
1206:
1198:
1186:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1080:
1075:
1055:
1053:
1039:
1038:
1036:evaluation.
1025:
1021:
1015:
1006:
984:
961:
959:
954:
916:
906:
902:
899:
890:
883:
881:
861:
842:
838:
835:
810:
803:
798:
784:
760:
745:
743:
724:
704:
693:
685:
676:
658:
649:
638:
624:
607:
602:
598:
591:
586:
581:Hitler Youth
572:
565:Artur Axmann
560:
558:
546:
533:
530:Arado Ar 234
521:
519:
503:
496:Albert Speer
488:
482:
478:landing gear
471:
455:
449:
425:
416:
412:
393:
381:
377:
365:
356:
350:
329:
325:
308:landing gear
305:
295:
294:
290:
282:
275:World War II
257:
255:
253:
237:First flight
232:January 1945
221:Manufactured
208:Number built
199:
196:Primary user
185:Manufacturer
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
7001:Unconfirmed
5944:Me 209 (II)
4529:Svenska S 5
3688:(in German)
2927:Brown, Eric
2898:30 November
2876:26 November
2815:30 November
2781:30 November
2587:31 December
2578:"Victories"
1724:Wunderwaffe
1571:Performance
1552:Powerplant:
1416:Werk Nummer
1095:Arado E.377
947:Ludwigslust
935:lubrication
868:Hinterbrühl
850:test pilot
830:Hinterbrühl
746:Flugkapitän
634:wind tunnel
542:slave labor
342:Development
312:bailing out
170:Jet fighter
7043:Categories
6476:301 to 349
5940:Me 209 (I)
5893:201 to 300
5279:101 to 200
4571:Aichi AB-5
2841:5 February
1920:Uziel 2011
1870:Dwight D.
1730:References
1647:autocannon
1528:Wing area:
1403:Werknummer
1392:Werknummer
1381:Werknummer
1370:Werknummer
1363:Werknummer
1340:Werknummer
1328:Werknummer
1317:Werknummer
1150:He 162 B-1
1140:He 162 A-8
1134:He 162 A-3
1128:He 162 A-2
1122:He 162 A-1
1116:He 162 A-0
872:Mittelwerk
870:, and the
848:Royal Navy
768:Dutch roll
721:Prototypes
650:Volksjäger
615:Focke-Wulf
603:Volksjäger
573:Volksjäger
561:Volksjäger
534:Volksjäger
522:Volksjäger
514:See also:
510:Volksjäger
504:Volksjäger
366:Bordkanone
336:Eric Brown
321:autocannon
291:Salamander
283:Volksjäger
258:Volksjäger
89:newspapers
4565:Aichi E3A
4503:Strabo 16
4130:1933–1945
3808:Eindecker
3314:933722337
2729:11 August
2694:The Times
2226:(YouTube)
1847:Hess 1994
1814:Weal 1996
1802:aircraft.
1771:Citations
1761:sea level
1649:with 120
1644:MG 151/20
1516:Wingspan:
1488:Data from
1256:Luftwaffe
1234:Operators
1191:gull wing
1068:Aldershot
1056:Luftwaffe
975:flameouts
962:Feldwebel
927:petroleum
856:wing ribs
788:aluminium
764:prototype
732:Tego film
728:Wuppertal
636:testing.
625:Huckebein
592:Luftwaffe
569:Karl Saur
417:Luftwaffe
413:Luftwaffe
378:Zerstörer
357:Luftwaffe
271:Luftwaffe
201:Luftwaffe
7033:Aviation
6528:Zwilling
4644:1 to 100
4591:(He 118)
4585:(He 112)
4579:(He 100)
3906:Heinkel
3806:Heinkel
3799:pre-1933
3791:aircraft
3744:Archived
3679:Archived
3662:Archived
3324:(2011).
2929:(2010).
1748:wingspan
1666:See also
1632:Armament
1335:T-2-489.
1193:, a new
1175:pulsejet
1162:anhedral
1158:wingspan
1110:Variants
864:Salzburg
815:training
707:tricycle
689:dihedral
617:, whose
396:Big Week
285:was the
273:late in
248:May 1945
6930:ZSO 523
6890:DFS 468
6875:DFS 446
6841:ZMe 423
6731:DFS 346
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6653:DFS 332
6648:DFS 331
6604:ZMe 323
6483:DFS 301
6244:Me 261w
6073:DFS 230
6055:DFS 228
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5910:DFS 203
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4573:(HD 62)
4567:(HD 56)
4561:(HD 28)
4555:(HD 26)
4549:(HD 25)
4543:(HD 23)
3789:Heinkel
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1365:120222.
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912:Parchim
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730:making
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6973:He 635
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6959:Me 609
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6796:Ju 390
6791:Ju 388
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6414:Hs 291
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6300:Fa 269
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6083:Ar 232
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5822:Fw 190
5817:Fw 189
5812:Ju 188
5808:Fw 188
5803:Ju 187
5799:Fw 187
5794:Ju 186
5790:Fw 186
5785:Fl 185
5780:Fl 184
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5771:Bü 183
5766:Bü 182
5761:Bü 181
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5747:He 179
5742:He 178
5737:He 177
5732:He 176
5722:He 174
5717:He 173
5712:He 172
5707:He 171
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5576:Kl 152
5571:Kl 151
5566:Go 150
5561:Go 149
5556:Go 148
5551:Ju 147
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5542:Go 146
5537:Go 145
5532:BV 144
5527:BV 143
5522:BV 142
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5512:Ha 140
5507:Ha 139
5502:BV 138
5497:Ha 137
5492:Hü 136
5488:Ha 136
5483:Ha 135
5478:Bü 134
5473:Bü 133
5468:Hs 132
5464:Bü 132
5459:Bü 131
5454:Hs 130
5449:Hs 129
5444:Hs 128
5439:Hs 127
5434:Hs 126
5429:Hs 125
5424:Hs 124
5419:Hs 123
5414:Hs 122
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5399:He 119
5394:He 118
5389:Hs 117
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5380:He 116
5375:He 115
5370:He 114
5365:He 113
5360:He 112
5351:He 111
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5337:Bf 109
5332:Bf 108
5327:Kl 107
5322:Kl 106
5317:Kl 105
5312:Fh 104
5300:Fi 103
5296:Al 103
5291:Al 102
5286:Al 101
5270:He 100
5266:Fi 100
5146:FZG 76
4980:DFS 54
4886:DFS 40
4877:DFS 39
4537:(HE 8)
4531:(HE 5)
4513:Lerche
4498:P.1080
4493:P.1079
4488:P.1078
4483:P.1077
4478:P.1076
4473:P.1075
4468:P.1074
4463:P.1073
4458:P.1072
4453:P.1071
4448:P.1070
4443:P.1069
4438:P.1068
4433:P.1066
4428:P.1065
4423:P.1064
4418:P.1063
4413:P.1062
4408:P.1060
4403:P.1054
4398:P.1041
4382:He 519
4377:He 419
4372:He 343
4367:He 319
4362:He 280
4357:He 278
4352:He 277
4347:He 275
4342:He 274
4337:He 270
4332:He 220
4327:He 219
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4317:He 178
4312:He 177
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4302:He 172
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4292:He 162
4287:He 120
4282:He 119
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4267:He 115
4262:He 114
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4252:He 112
4247:He 111
4242:He 100
3752:120077
3735:120230
3725:Mistel
3637:
3618:
3599:
3577:
3558:
3539:
3520:
3501:
3473:
3454:
3435:
3396:
3370:
3351:
3332:
3312:
3302:
3283:
3264:
3243:
3224:
3196:
3177:
3154:
3135:
3114:
3095:
3074:
3055:
3034:
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2996:
2975:
2956:
2937:
2487:6 July
2405:6 July
2277:
2232:9 July
2184:6 July
1746:, its
1584:Range:
1344:Oberst
1292:
1272:France
1269:
1245:
1195:V-tail
1144:Muster
1104:Mistel
1100:Mistel
1091:Mistel
1083:Mistel
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807:glider
751:rudder
665:Design
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630:P.1073
613:, and
500:tender
461:, the
450:120077
362:MK 108
263:German
144:He 162
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
6940:8-534
6925:8-520
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6741:8-348
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6687:8-338
6623:8-326
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6565:8-316
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6550:8-313
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6518:8-308
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6235:8-260
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6210:8-255
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5007:Fw 57
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4956:Ju 50
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4947:Ju 49
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4938:Ju 48
4933:He 47
4929:Fw 47
4924:Ju 46
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4915:He 45
4910:Fw 44
4905:Fw 43
4900:He 42
4896:Fw 42
4891:He 41
4882:BV 40
4872:Ju 38
4868:He 38
4863:He 37
4858:Kl 36
4853:Kl 35
4848:Ju 34
4843:Ju 33
4838:Kl 32
4833:Kl 31
4828:Fw 30
4823:Do 29
4809:Kl 27
4805:Do 27
4796:Kl 26
4792:Do 26
4787:Kl 25
4783:Do 25
4778:Do 24
4773:Do 23
4768:Do 22
4758:Do 20
4753:Do 19
4748:Do 18
4743:Do 17
4738:Wn 16
4734:Do 16
4729:Do 15
4724:Do 14
4719:Do 13
4714:Do 12
4705:Wn 11
4701:Do 11
4696:Do 10
4676:DFS 6
4508:Wespe
4237:He 74
4232:He 72
4227:He 71
4222:He 70
4217:He 66
4212:He 65
4207:He 64
4202:He 63
4197:He 62
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4187:He 60
4182:He 59
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4167:He 52
4162:He 51
4157:He 50
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4142:He 46
4137:He 45
4112:HD 66
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4097:HD 61
4092:HD 60
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4082:HD 56
4077:HD 55
4072:HD 50
4067:HD 49
4062:HD 46
4057:HD 45
4052:HD 44
4047:HD 43
4042:HD 42
4037:HD 41
4032:HD 40
4027:HD 39
4022:HD 38
4017:HD 37
4012:HD 36
4007:HD 35
4002:HD 34
3997:HD 33
3992:HD 32
3987:HD 30
3982:HD 29
3977:HD 28
3972:HD 27
3967:HD 26
3962:HD 25
3957:HD 24
3952:HD 23
3947:HD 22
3942:HD 21
3937:HD 20
3932:HD 19
3927:HD 17
3922:HD 16
3917:HD 15
3897:HE 64
3892:HE 58
3887:HE 57
3882:HE 31
3877:HE 18
3872:HE 14
3867:HE 12
3862:HE 10
3657:Spatz
2772:(PDF)
2720:(PDF)
2481:(PDF)
2470:(PDF)
2399:(PDF)
2388:(PDF)
2178:(PDF)
2167:(PDF)
1640:Guns:
1504:Crew:
1398:, UK.
1044:JV 44
939:USAAF
907:Oesau
819:Sagan
599:Komet
296:Spatz
110:JSTOR
96:books
5181:8-83
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5057:8-63
5003:8-57
4819:8-29
4814:8-28
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4763:8-21
4710:8-12
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4636:list
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3852:HE 8
3847:HE 7
3842:HE 6
3837:HE 5
3832:HE 4
3827:HE 3
3822:HE 2
3817:HE 1
3635:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3597:ISBN
3575:ISBN
3556:ISBN
3537:ISBN
3518:ISBN
3499:ISBN
3471:ISBN
3452:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3368:ISBN
3349:ISBN
3330:ISBN
3310:OCLC
3300:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3262:ISBN
3241:ISBN
3222:ISBN
3194:ISBN
3175:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3093:ISBN
3072:ISBN
3053:ISBN
3032:ISBN
3013:ISBN
2994:ISBN
2973:ISBN
2954:ISBN
2935:ISBN
2900:2022
2878:2011
2843:2023
2817:2022
2783:2022
2731:2023
2589:2023
2489:2016
2407:2016
2275:ISBN
2234:2013
2186:2016
1797:2021
1554:1 ×
1081:The
1018:Leck
951:Leck
828:The
772:lead
585:DFS
567:and
476:and
407:and
374:50mm
372:and
370:37mm
254:The
224:1945
166:Type
82:news
4681:8-7
4666:8-4
4661:8-3
4651:8-1
4126:RLM
1651:rpg
1558:or
1353:'s
1179:OKL
931:oil
893:at
887:162
211:120
65:by
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3308:.
2833:.
2808:.
2774:.
2759:^
2722:.
2580:.
2560:^
2472:.
2449:^
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2390:.
2298:^
2212:^
2169:.
2144:^
2132:^
2114:^
1985:^
1964:^
1952:^
1927:^
1903:^
1882:^
1799:.
1787:.
1655:or
929:,
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897:.
702:.
605:.
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436:.
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