1133:
928:. A fighter equipped with these intermediate weapons in sufficient numbers was adequately armed to fulfill most of the Americans' combat needs aloft, as they tended to confront enemy fighters and other small planes far more often than large bombers; and as, in the earlier phases of the war, the Japanese aircraft they dealt with were not only unusually lightly built but went without either armour plate or self-sealing tanks in order to reduce their weight. Nevertheless, the U.S. also adopted planes fitted with autocannon, such as the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, despite experiencing technical difficulties with developing and manufacturing these large-calibre automatic guns.
920:
bullets and a fair amount of luck to cause them critical damage; but potentially a single cannon shell with a high-explosive payload could instantly sever essential structural elements, penetrate armour or open up a fuel tank beyond the capacity of self-sealing compounds to counter, even from fairly long range. (Instead of explosives, such shells could carry incendiaries, also highly effective at destroying planes, or a combination of explosives and incendiaries.) Thus by the end of the war, the fighter aircraft of almost all the belligerents mounted cannon of some sort, the only exception being the United States which in most cases favoured the
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907:. At the same time as they began to be made from stronger materials, the machines also increased in speed, streamlining, power and size, and it began to be apparent that correspondingly more powerful weapons would be needed to counter them. Conversely, they were becoming much better able to carry exactly such larger and more powerful guns; the technology of which was in the meantime also developing, providing significantly improved rates of fire and reliability.
25:
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distance, while machine guns possessed insufficient range and firepower to bring down aircraft consistently. Continued ineffectiveness against aircraft despite the large numbers installed during the second World War led, in the West, to the removal of almost all shipboard anti-aircraft weapons in the early post-war period. This was only reversed with the introduction of computer-controlled systems.
1029:. With multiple chambers and a single barrel, autocannons using the revolver principle can combine a very high rate of fire and high acceleration to its maximum firing rate with low weight, at cost of a reduced sustained rate of fire compared to rotary cannon. They are therefore used mainly in aircraft for AA purposes, in which a target is visible for a short period of time.
777:, which was the first successful fully automatic machine gun, requiring no outside stimulus in its firing cycle other than holding the trigger. The pom-pom fired 1 pound (0.45 kg) gunpowder-filled explosive shells at a rate of over 200 rounds a minute: much faster than conventional artillery while possessing a much longer range and more firepower than the infantry
843:. However, they were of little value, as their shells neither ignited the hydrogen of the Zeppelins nor caused sufficient loss of gas (and hence lift) to bring them down. Attempts to use the guns in aircraft failed, as the weight severely limited both speed and altitude, thus making successful interception impossible. The more effective
919:
provided reliable protection against these small projectiles. These new defenses, synergistically with the general robustness of new aircraft designs and of course their sheer speed, which made simply shooting them accurately in the first place far more difficult, entailed that it took a lot of such
1164:
range in a high-G close range engagement. This was particularly important with the lower reliability of early air-to-air missile technology, such as that employed during the
Vietnam War. As a consequence, fighters at the time had cannons added back in external "gun pods", and virtually all fighter
1159:
realized that cannons were useful for firing warning shots and for attacking targets that did not warrant the expenditure of a (much more expensive) missile, and, more importantly, as an additional weapon if the aircraft had expended all its missiles or enemy aircraft were inside of the missiles'
890:
auto cannon was expensive to produce, but an exception. Unlike the
Oerlikon, it was effective against all the tanks fielded in 1939, largely because it was built as an upgrade to the Oerlikon, Hispano-Suiza, and Madsen. It even proved capable of knocking out early Panzer IIIs and IVs, albeit with
943:
autocannons would see widespread use by both sides during the Second World War; not only in an anti-aircraft role, but as a weapon for use against ground targets as well. Heavier anti-aircraft cannon had difficulty tracking fast-moving aircraft and were unable to accurately judge altitude or
910:
When the Second World War did break out, it was swiftly realised that the power of contemporary aircraft allowed armour plate to be fitted to protect the pilot and other vulnerable areas. This innovation proved highly effective against rifle-calibre machine gun rounds, which tended to
894:
During the First World War, rifle-calibre machine guns became the standard weapons of military aircraft. In the Second, several factors brought about their replacement by autocannon. During the inter-war years, aircraft underwent extensive evolution and the all-metal
871:, used a 20 mm autocannon as its main armament. Although ineffective against tank armour even during the early years of the war, the cannon was effective against light-skinned vehicles as well as infantry and was also used by
705:
25 mm has a relatively mid-high rate of fire 650 rounds per minute but can be electronically programmed to 175-200 rounds per minute. The rate of fire of a modern autocannon ranges from 90
800:
assisted them in perfecting the ordnance. Although only about 500+ examples of the original Becker design were made during World War I, the design's patent was acquired by the Swiss
891:
great difficulty. Only 55 were produced by the time of the Polish
Defensive War. However it was in the air war that these weapons played their most important part in the conflict.
1035:
693:, autocannons overheat quickly if used for sustained fire, and are limited by the amount of ammunition that can be carried by the weapons systems mounting them. Both the US
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After the Second World War, autocannons continued to serve as a versatile weapon in land, sea, and air applications. Examples of modern autocannons include the 25 mm
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The development of guided missiles was thought to render cannons unnecessary and a full generation of western fighter aircraft was built without them. In contrast, all
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is an example of an electrically powered rotary autocannon. Another role that has come into association with autocannons are that of
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575:(most often in the range of 20–60 mm (0.79–2.36 in), but bigger calibers also exist), but are usually smaller than
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595:. When multiple rotating barrels are involved, such a weapon is referred to as a "rotary autocannon" or occasionally "
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would be developed during the war to serve as an anti-aircraft and close range defensive weapon for naval vessels.
762:, a twin barrel 23×152 mm anti-aircraft autocannon from the 1960s still in service with some former members of the
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46:
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The
Development of Automatic Cannon, Heavy Machine Guns and Their Ammunition for Armies, Navies and Air Forces
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to serve as an anti-tank weapon, a role to which they were suited as tank armour is often lightest on top.
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1006:(Hornet) bomber destroyer. 300 examples of the BK 5 cannon were built, more than all other versions. The
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221:
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anti-aircraft autocannon was mounted in pairs in underwing gun pods on a small number of specialized
317:
591:. When used on its own, the word "autocannon" typically indicates a non-rotary weapon with a single
1307:, a six-barreled Russian rotary autocannon, has a ROF of 6,000 rounds per minute. Williams, p. 241.
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attacks, where the target dwell time is short and weapons are typically operated in brief bursts.
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713:. Rotary systems with multiple barrels can achieve over 10,000 rounds per minute (the Russian
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820:, adopted and produced in 1939, was also based on the Becker/Oerlikon design's principles.
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was developed at the end of the Second World War and is regarded as the archetypal modern
717:, for example). Such extremely high rates of fire are effectively employed by aircraft in
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semi-automatic 7.5 cm calibre anti-tank gun was the basis for the BK 7,5 in the
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have relatively slow rates of fire so as not to deplete ammunition too quickly. The
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796:'s perceived need for heavy-calibre aircraft armament. The Imperial Government's
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series of heavy aircraft cannon in 37, 50 and 75 mm calibres, mounted in
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light tank, which was one of the most numerous in German service during the
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remain an option. Common types of ammunition, among a wide variety, include
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Rapid-fire projectile weapon that fires armour-piercing or explosive shells
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Autocannons would serve to a much greater extent and effect during the
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aircraft retain autocannons in integral internal mounts to this day.
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1439:, TM 9-1907. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1948.
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firm of Berlin using
Oerlikon design patents in creating the
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Autocannons are heavy weapons that are unsuitable for use by
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50 mm aircraft autocannon displayed in front of the
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than machine guns, due to the use of larger/heavier
1454:. Shrewsbury, Eng.: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2000.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
827:, autocannons were mostly used in the trenches as
658:system to reduce reloading pauses or for a faster
831:. The British used pom-pom guns as part of their
1487:
1481:Extensive documentation of Luftwaffe autocannons
654:). As such, ammunition is typically fed from a
1119:30mm × 113 mm rounds being loaded into a
915:off harmlessly. Similarly the introduction of
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1214:on naval vessels, which are used to destroy
961:under the fuselage or wings. The 37 mm
839:airships that made regular bombing raids on
769:The first modern autocannon was the British
953:deployed small numbers of the experimental
903:, almost entirely replaced wood and fabric
875:. Larger examples, such as the 40 mm
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1018:B-3 twin engined ground attack aircraft.
599:", for short (particularly on aircraft).
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1437:Ballistic Data Performance of Ammunition
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1131:
754:
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678:(AP) munitions, mainly composite rigid (
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1346:"World War 2 Fighter Gun Effectiveness"
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689:Capable of generating extremely rapid
532:that is capable of rapid-firing large-
1151:aircraft kept their guns. During the
804:firm in 1924, with the Third Reich's
750:
1088:remote controlled autocannon of the
745:QF 1-pounder Mk II "pom-pom" of 1903
551:, as opposed to the smaller-caliber
131:25 mm autocannon mounted on an
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1175:automatic cannon turret on a Czech
965:cannon, based on the German Army's
850:
197:Siege artillery in the US Civil War
192:Field artillery in the US Civil War
13:
1429:
1391:. New York: Crescent Books, 1983.
610:, they are typically installed on
536:(20 mm/0.79 in or more)
250:Cannons of Maritime Southeast Asia
187:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
156:
14:
1512:
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1378:The Machine Gun. George M. Chinn.
1049:jet, a design once tested with it
784:In 1913, Reinhold Becker and his
1293:from the original on 2020-12-04.
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1096:
1077:
1064:25 mm caliber man portable
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812:wingmount cannon ordnance. The
34:needs additional citations for
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1387:Gunston, Bill and Mike Spick.
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606:. Due to the heavy weight and
1:
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1139:automatic cannon turret on a
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922:Browning AN/M2 "light-barrel"
563:. Autocannons have a longer
177:Artillery in the Song dynasty
976:(tank buster) aircraft. The
640:automatic target recognition
182:Artillery in the Middle Ages
7:
1221:
899:, pioneered as far back as
10:
1517:
1413:www.tanks-encyclopedia.com
1283:"Oerlikon KBA Description"
1198:, updated versions of the
1194:Bushmaster mounted on the
1066:Automatic Grenade Launcher
735:
695:25 mm M242 Bushmaster
222:List of cannon projectiles
1218:and low flying aircraft.
318:Breech-loading swivel gun
136:armoured fighting vehicle
1435:Department of the Army.
1068:, part of the cancelled
995:, which also used other
682:) and discarding sabot (
630:, and are almost always
453:Self-propelled artillery
1501:Close-in weapon systems
1321:"Cannon or Machine Gun"
1212:close-in weapon systems
1157:United States Air Force
917:self sealing fuel tanks
403:Large-calibre artillery
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1144:
1014:P-1 heavy fighter and
881:ground attack aircraft
845:QF 2 pounder naval gun
835:to counter the German
814:Imperial Japanese Navy
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728:on ground targets via
620:ground combat vehicles
353:Double-barreled cannon
161:
138:
1450:Williams, Anthony G.
1200:Bofors 40 mm gun
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1135:
1107:, an early autocannon
758:
743:
674:and more specialised
160:
126:
1409:"Freccia IFV (2006)"
1238:Infantry support gun
931:Weapons such as the
569:terminal performance
398:Infantry support gun
43:improve this article
1105:20 mm Oerlikon
999:models, and in the
988:, was installed in
978:BK 5 cm cannon
939:and various German
933:Oerlikon 20 mm
553:kinetic projectiles
144:Part of a series on
1243:List of autocannon
1216:anti-ship missiles
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1162:target acquisition
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1001:Messerschmitt 410
879:, were mounted in
869:campaign in France
865:invasion of Poland
829:anti-aircraft guns
802:Oerlikon Contraves
790:20mm Becker cannon
788:firm designed the
767:
751:Early developments
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162:
139:
1389:Modern Air Combat
1287:WeaponSystems.net
1206:. The 20 mm
993:bomber destroyers
926:heavy machine gun
792:, addressing the
786:Stahlwerke Becker
726:close air support
707:rounds per minute
699:30 mm RARDEN
616:wheeled carriages
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901:the end of 1915
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676:armour-piercing
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538:armour-piercing
527:fully automatic
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293:Anti-tank gun
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290:
284:
283:
276:
275:Mughal cannon
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:Korean cannon
263:
261:
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243:
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227:Muzzleloading
225:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1451:
1436:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1388:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:the original
1299:
1286:
1277:
1204:Mauser BK-27
1184:Oerlikon KBA
1181:
1149:Eastern Bloc
1146:
1137:Oerlikon KBA
1020:
1002:
996:
973:
954:
948:
946:
937:Bofors 40 mm
930:
924:.50 calibre
909:
893:
885:
854:
833:air defences
822:
806:Ikaria-Werke
805:
785:
783:
771:QF 1-pounder
768:
703:Oerlikon KBA
688:
660:rate of fire
612:fixed mounts
601:
567:and greater
522:
518:
514:
512:
458:Siege cannon
418:Mountain gun
368:Gun-howitzer
302:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Autocannon"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1188:IFV Freccia
1153:Vietnam War
1141:IFV Freccia
1090:German Navy
1021:The German
982:5 cm KwK 39
947:The German
941:Rheinmetall
888:20 mm 38 Fk
886:The Polish
823:During the
764:Warsaw Pact
648:sentry guns
644:acquisition
632:crew-served
587:, or other
561:machine gun
433:Railway gun
383:Hand mortar
378:Hand cannon
343:Demi-cannon
1496:Autocannon
1490:Categories
1468:1109578149
1418:2021-02-28
1356:2020-05-12
1331:2020-05-12
1269:References
1202:, and the
1128:Modern era
997:Bordkanone
986:Panzer III
955:Bordkanone
686:) rounds.
650:and naval
634:, or even
628:watercraft
585:field guns
546:incendiary
515:autocannon
468:Swivel gun
463:Smoothbore
443:Rifled gun
373:Gun-mortar
303:Autocannon
239:By country
133:M2 Bradley
69:newspapers
1445:169935419
1305:GSh-6-30K
1263:MG 18 TuF
1228:Chain gun
1177:Pandur II
950:Luftwaffe
897:monoplane
877:Vickers S
861:Panzer II
775:Maxim gun
722:dogfights
691:firepower
664:magazines
589:artillery
581:howitzers
577:tank guns
573:munitions
542:explosive
363:Field gun
323:Carronade
298:Artillery
210:Operation
99:June 2009
1291:Archived
1233:Gast gun
1222:See also
1160:minimum
1003:Hornisse
959:gun pods
913:ricochet
905:biplanes
867:and the
837:Zeppelin
730:strafing
715:GSh-6-23
624:aircraft
604:infantry
473:Tank gun
393:Howitzer
358:Falconet
338:Culverin
308:Basilisk
1173:RCWS-30
1072:program
1047:Me 262A
1041:German
760:ZU-23-2
736:History
711:GIAT 30
557:bullets
534:caliber
428:Railgun
333:Coilgun
313:Bombard
287:By type
170:History
150:Cannons
83:scholar
1466:
1458:
1443:
1395:
1190:, the
1086:MLG 27
1008:PaK 40
990:Ju 88P
963:BK 3,7
935:, the
841:London
719:aerial
662:, but
646:(e.g.
608:recoil
593:barrel
549:shells
413:Mortar
408:Minion
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1208:M61A1
1062:XM307
971:Stuka
810:MG FF
779:rifle
668:HEIAP
638:with
626:, or
525:is a
448:Saker
90:JSTOR
76:books
1464:OCLC
1456:ISBN
1441:OCLC
1393:ISBN
1303:The
1192:M242
1103:The
1070:OCSW
1043:BK 5
724:and
684:APDS
680:APCR
672:HEDP
656:belt
652:CIWS
62:news
1084:An
816:'s
544:or
530:gun
521:or
513:An
127:US
45:by
1492::
1462:.
1411:.
1312:^
1289:.
1285:.
781:.
670:,
622:,
618:,
614:,
583:,
579:,
540:,
517:,
1470:.
1447:.
1421:.
1359:.
1334:.
1143:.
642:/
555:(
502:e
495:t
488:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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