51:
956: at the end of a word after ẕere ֵ or seggol ֶ is more complicated, as they are silent in Classical Hebrew and in Hebrew Academy prescription and not transliterated in those systems, but they form diphthongs (ei) in Israeli Hebrew—see the vowels and diphthongs sections further down. In any event, the shewa naẖ is placed between two adjacent consonants in all situations; if there is not even a shewa naẖ between consonants, then the first of the two consonants is silent and not transliterated—this is usually one of
108:
691:
472:
752:
4644:
An attempt to devise a more general system of romanization is complicated by the long and varied history of the Hebrew language. Most Hebrew texts can be appropriately pronounced according to several different systems of pronunciation, both traditional and modern. Even today, it is customary to write
1045:
For the vowel qamaẕ ָ, whether the vowel is long or short in
Classical Hebrew affects the pronunciation in Academy or Israeli Hebrew, even though vowel length is not phonemic in those systems, and the difference is transliterated accordingly. Qamaẕ qatan when short is /o/, except when at the end of a
874:
1977 (United
Nations), as both are based on the Academy of the Hebrew Language recommendations. However, BGN provides more and somewhat different specific recommendations. The GEONet Names Server is an authoritative online database that lists BGN names and assists with font character availability and
292:
standards or systems for Hebrew-to-English; no one system has significant common usage across all fields. Consequently, in general usage there are often no hard and fast rules in Hebrew-to-English transliteration, and many transliterations are an approximation due to a lack of equivalence between the
4640:
In Israel, a pronunciation known as
General Israeli Hebrew or Standard Hebrew is widely used and documented. For Israeli speech and text where linguistic groups are not at issue, romanization can use a phonetic transcription according to Standard Hebrew pronunciation. However, there are many Israeli
1080:
In certain rare words that are meant to begin with two consecutive consonants even in
Classical Hebrew, an invisible səḡōl qāṭān vowel is pronounced before the two consonants in Classical Hebrew and is so transcribed, because Classical words may not begin with more than one consonant. This rule does
984:
always šəwā nāʻ (pronounced) if it is immediately after the word's first consonant, or after a consonant after a long vowel and before another pronounced consonant—otherwise, šəwā is realized as šəwā nāḥ (silent). The vowels ṣērē ֵ and ḥōlem ֹ are always long in all situations. The
4620:
Israeli Hebrew typically demotes shva na to silent shva nach in situations where it can be comfortably omitted in common speech, creating consonant clusters that would otherwise not be permitted in older varieties of Hebrew. In situations where this happens, the shva is typically not transliterated
324:
These discrepancies in transliterations of the same word can be traced to discrepancies in the transliterations of individual Hebrew letters, reflecting not only different traditions of transliteration into different languages that use Latin alphabets, but also the fact that different pronunciation
4660:, is broadly authoritative for Hebrew text since the end of the Second Temple period (Sáenz-Badillos, page xi). It is possible to accommodate the pronunciations of different communities by transliterating the Tiberian vocalization without attempting to transcribe a specific phonetic pronunciation.
1088:
In 2006, the Hebrew
Academy replaced their 1953 transliteration rules with new rules, and these were adopted as a United Nations standard in 2007. As of 2008, migration to the new transliteration standard is still underway, and many signs and documents still use the 1953 conventions. The new 2006
4692:
Transliterations usually avoid the typographically complex marks that are used in
Tiberian vocalization. They also attempt to indicate vowels and syllables more explicitly than Tiberian vocalization does. Therefore a technical transliteration requires the use of Tiberian principles, as mentioned
771:
Romanized Hebrew is also used for Hebrew-language items in library catalogs and Hebrew-language place names on maps. In Israel, most catalogs and maps use the Hebrew script, but romanized maps are easily available and road signs include romanized names. Some Hebrew speakers use romanization to
993:
syllable, then they are always short and transliterated as short. But if a vowel carries an accent ֫ or a meteg ֽ , then it is always long—a meteg in particular is often used in places where a vowel is long but not necessarily the word's stressed syllable. Lastly, there are
989: are always long if they are the stressed syllable, or if they are in a syllable before only one consonant and another vowel, and in these cases they are transliterated as long. If they are unstressed and before a double consonant or a consonant cluster, or in the word's final
4753:, an overbar. Transliterations sometimes also use an overbar or underbar to mark a soft consonant. (In Modern Sephardic Hebrew, however, only three consonants—bet, kaph, and pe—retain the hard–soft distinction. In the Ashkenazic style of pronunciation, the soft tav is sounded as "s".)
979:
In
Classical Hebrew transliteration, vowels can be long (gāḏōl), short (qāṭān) or ultra short (ḥăṭep̄), and are transliterated as such. Ultra short vowels are always one of šəwā nāʻ ְ , ḥăṭep̄ səḡōl ֱ , ḥăṭep̄ páṯaḥ ֲ or ḥăṭep̄ qāmeṣ ֳ . Šəwā ְ is
1050:/a/, but in rare situations in Classical Hebrew it can be treated as a long open /ọ/, which although pronounced identically to /ā/ (both were ), this a/o distinction is clearly made in the pronunciation of Academy and Israeli Hebrew, and is thus transliterated.
199:. Both Hebraization of English and Romanization of Hebrew are forms of transliteration. Where these are formalized these are known as "transliteration systems", and, where only some words, not all, are transliterated, this is known as "transliteration policy".
767:
Romanized Hebrew can be used to present Hebrew terminology or text to anyone who is not familiar with the Hebrew script. Many Jewish prayer books in the diaspora include supplementary romanization for some or all of the Hebrew-language congregational prayers.
458:), again reflecting different traditions of spelling or pronunciation. These inconsistencies make it more difficult for the non-Hebrew-speaking reader to recognize related word forms, or even to properly pronounce the Hebrew words thus transliterated.
976:) are encountered silent in this fashion. In Israeli Hebrew transcription, a vowel before yud at the end of a word or before yud then shewa naẖ inside a word, is transcribed as a diphthong (ai oi ui)—see the diphthongs section further down.
4790:
A further complication is that the Roman alphabet does not have as many letters for certain sounds found in the Hebrew alphabet, and sometimes no letter at all. Some romanizations resolve this problem using additional non-Tiberian principles:
775:
Standard romanizations exist for these various purposes. However, non-standard romanization is widely seen, even on some
Israeli street signs. The standards are not generally taught outside of their specific organizations and disciplines.
4688:
The
Tiberian vocalization was devised in order to add indications of pronunciation to the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible, without changing the consonantal text. It was intended for experts in Biblical Hebrew grammar and morphology.
933:ְ or ẖatafim ֱ ֲ ֳ . In almost every other situation, they are transcribed as double letters (bb gg dd kk pp tt). This does not apply to common Israeli Hebrew transliteration, where there are no double consonants.
901:
values used in academic work. If two glyphs are shown for a consonant, then the left-most glyph is the final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser does not support right-to-left text layout). The conventions here are
772:
communicate when using internet systems that have poor support for the Hebrew alphabet. Frequently, Romanized Hebrew is also used in music scores, in part because music is written left-to-right and Hebrew is written right-to-left.
5088:
Exodus p. 152 Henry
Leopold Ellison – 1982 "THE PRIESTLY GARMENTS II Exodus 28:1–43 (cont'd) THE EPHOD (28:5 14) We have no means of giving a definitive meaning to 'ephod', the English being simply a transliteration of the
236:) is transliteration. Transliteration of a foreign word into another language is usually the exception to translation, and often occurs when there is something distinctive about the word in the original language, such as a
1089:
rules attempt to more closely follow Israeli Hebrew vowel habits (such as the collapse of many shva na), but stop short of adopting most of the informal transliteration patterns. It still transliterates the diphthong as
4671:. For romanizations of Samaritan pronunciation, it is advisable to take quotations directly from a Samaritan edition of the Hebrew Bible, which has approximately 6,000 textual variations from Jewish editions.
860:(1972–1993) as an authority on names and common terms. Library of Congress Authorities is an online database that records and sources the forms of subjects, names, and titles that the Library of Congress uses.
4338:
Functions only as a syllable break in Israeli Hebrew. So, when transcribed, is omitted everywhere except in circumstances where omission would be ambiguous, such as immediately after consonants or between
918:) for ISO 259, prescribed for Hebrew Academy, and in practice for Israeli. For the vowels further down, the letters ח and ט are used as symbolic anchors for vowel symbols, but should otherwise be ignored.
4778:
A consonant that is normally silent (most often he) may be sounded if it is a root consonant or possessive ending. Tiberian vocalization marks such a consonant using a mapiq, which looks like a dagesh.
4693:
below, rather than simply representing the Tiberian symbols. Many transliteration standards require a thorough knowledge of these principles, yet they usually do not provide practical details.
325:
styles exist for the same letters in Israel (e.g. mainstream secular pronunciations used in the media versus Mizrahi, Arab, or Orthodox Ashkenazi colloquial pronunciations). For example,
929:
in ISO 259 Classical Hebrew and by the Hebrew Academy standard, they are transcribed as single graphemes (b g d k p t) at the beginnings of words, after other consonants, and after
4816:
The Karmeli transcription (see link at bottom of page) creates additional letters based on similar Hebrew or Cyrillic letters to represent the sounds that lack Roman letters.
172:
includes any use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words. Usually, it is to identify a Hebrew word in a non-Hebrew language that uses the Latin alphabet, such as
5360:
5128:
301:. Conflicting systems of transliteration often appear in the same text, as certain Hebrew words tend to associate with certain traditions of transliteration. For example,
5079:
to transliterate, i.e., when to employ an Anglicized Greek word rather than translating the Greek word into English. My tendency is “when in doubt, transliterate”, . . .’
626:, of the early 5th century, is considered the first direct Latin translation of the Hebrew Bible. Apart from names, another term that the Vulgate romanizes is the
994:
exceptional circumstances when long vowels—even ṣērē and ḥōlem—may not force a following šəwā to become šəwā nāʻ, including for example names such as
646:, some Jews promoted the use of romanization instead of Hebrew script in hopes of helping more people learn Hebrew. One such promoter was Ithamar Ben Yehuda, or
5166:
4637:
Different purposes call for different choices of romanization. One extreme is to make a phonetic transcription of one person's speech on one occasion.
263:
have traditionally been transliterated, not translated. These terms were in many cases also first transliterated into Greek and Latin before English.
30:
This article is about the transcription of Hebrew into the Roman alphabet used by English. For the transcription of English into Hebrew script, see
6191:
4653:. Since an earlier time, multiple geographically separated communities have used Hebrew as a language of literature rather than conversation.
4802:), due to being pronounced traditionally toward the back of the mouth. They may be transliterated distinctively by using an underdot.
1018:(not Ṣīqəlạḡ). Some of these seem to be learned exceptions, and most words under the same circumstances have šəwā nāʻ as expected, such as
6324:
4809:) was once pronounced like English "w", in contrast to its current pronunciation identical to the letter "vet" (the soft letter
4674:
It is appropriate to focus only on the consonantal spelling when discussing unusually structured words from ancient or medieval works.
340:; the use of "ch" reflects German / Yiddish influence and pronunciation, whereas the "h" or "ḥ" may indicate a softer pronunciation of
4663:
Notable varieties of Hebrew for which Tiberian vocalization is not suitable are the Hebrew of the Qumran community (as known from the
5437:
1085: ("two") would appear as štáyim, but is actually ʼeštáyim. However, it remains simply shtayim in Academy and Israeli Hebrew.
6146:
4732:("spirantized"). For example, the letter bet can be pronounced as "b" or "v". Tiberian vocalization marks a hard consonant with a
305:
For Hanukkah at the synagogue Beith Sheer Chayyim, Isaac donned his talis that Yitzchak sent him from Bet Qehila in Tsfat, Israel.
6319:
5295:
4711:
Consonants that have been used historically to indicate vowels, the "matres lectionis", are no substitute for proper vowel marks.
867:
712:
493:
6225:
659:
17:
5147:
4756:
A letter that looks like shin may be that letter (when marked with a shin dot) or the letter sin (when marked with a sin dot).
5072:
39:
5219:
4724:
Six consonants (beth, gimel, daleth, kaph, pe, and tav) can be hard or soft. To be specific, they are pronounced either as
247:
In the cases of Hebrew transliteration into English, many Hebrew words have a long history of transliteration, for example
1101:
in all cases. It is unspecific about rules governing the transliteration of phonemes not traditionally native to Hebrew.
5475:
5329:
5141:
5354:
4714:
The vowel "kamets" may have its usual sound (kamets gadol – long "a") or a different sound (kamets katan – short "o").
5209:
738:
519:
94:
72:
5034:
952: at the end of a word after ẖiriq ִ is also silent and not transliterated. The situation of the letter
720:
501:
65:
5163:
4795:
The two letters that represent a stop may be written using the forward and backward quote marks, or similar marks.
6458:
911:
894:
The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its name or names, and its
6102:
6097:
5470:
4487:
4480:
813:
797:
716:
497:
5430:
333:
are transliterated with different initial letter combinations, although in Hebrew both begin with the letter
1081:
not apply to Academy and Israeli Hebrew, where consonant clusters are more tolerated. For example, the word
622:
romanize its proper names. The familiar Biblical names in English are derived from these romanizations. The
6107:
843:
816:, 1957. Updated and augmented with a simplified version, 2000. Replaced by a new system altogether in 2006.
4599:
4468:
4448:
4432:
3326:
3221:
3195:
2481:
1678:
1208:
6177:
5622:
5881:
4560:") denotes a vav with dagesh, the second a shuruk, being the vocal point attributed to the first.
6453:
6443:
6438:
6398:
6356:
6336:
6218:
277:
189:
6433:
6428:
6371:
6341:
6263:
906:, the UNGEGN system based on the old-fashioned Hebrew Academy system, and the modern common informal
5411:
Automatic Hebrew Transliteration (Hebrew-Braille, English, Finnish, German, IPA, Russian and Spanish
654:
raised him to be the first modern native speaker of Hebrew. In 1927 Ben-Avi published the biography
188:
uses an alphabet to represent the letters and sounds of a word spelled in another alphabet, whereas
6519:
6514:
6408:
6383:
6331:
6294:
6141:
5819:
5588:
5423:
5390:
4781:
A silent vav may be used to hold a holem vowel, but sometimes a vav with holem has consonant value.
4428:
4367:
701:
577:
482:
59:
948: at the end of a word with ẖolam ֹ is also silent and not transliterated. The letter
6448:
6366:
6361:
6314:
6309:
6299:
6184:
6163:
6126:
6014:
5814:
5596:
5563:
5484:
5370:
5044:
5024:
4436:
705:
553:
486:
272:
196:
31:
6036:
5913:
309:
This text includes instances of the same word transliterated in different ways: The Hebrew word
6468:
6418:
6351:
6289:
5824:
5365:
5239:
5039:
670:
76:
5891:
6509:
6483:
6413:
6388:
6304:
6253:
6211:
6049:
5809:
5663:
5075:, p. xiii: ‘In relation to Greek words other than personal names, the main issue is deciding
4683:
4657:
915:
856:
627:
5339:
5116:"Report on the Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names"
985:
vowels ḥīreq ִ , səḡōl ֶ , páṯaḥ ַ , qāmeṣ ָ , qibbūṣ ֻ and šūreq
834:
6473:
6009:
5929:
5658:
5136:(Second ed.). Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. 2014. pp. 26–28.
8:
6488:
6423:
6403:
6248:
6056:
6044:
5962:
5766:
5118:, Compiled by the UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems Version 4.0, February 2013
4820:
Finally, for ease of reading it is common to apply certain principles foreign to Hebrew:
4729:
4460:
4392:
Hebrew-letter transliterations of foreign phonemes (used only for the transliterition of
2521:
847:
666:
6130:
6071:
6066:
5944:
674:
651:
4649:. There was no way to indicate vowels clearly in Hebrew writing until the time of the
4573:
after a vowel and either before a consonant or syllable break or at the end of a word.
244:, religious, cultural or political significance, or it may occur to add local flavor.
6268:
6122:
6019:
5952:
5917:
5866:
5263:
5205:
5137:
5068:
677:, also expressed their support for the reform of Hebrew script using Latin letters.
396:, even though it is the same letter in all three words in Hebrew. The Hebrew letter
6346:
6170:
5575:
5543:
5510:
4988:
4943:
4901:
4749:
4664:
4646:
4591:
375:
294:
260:
181:
177:
5259:
5223:
4370:. These are not used in Classical Hebrew, so are omitted from the ISO 259 columns.
6117:
6081:
5987:
5923:
5901:
5678:
5580:
5570:
5548:
5522:
5517:
5505:
5465:
5460:
5446:
5394:
5333:
5278:
5170:
5099:
5029:
4912:
4849:
4839:
898:
826:
647:
593:
545:
387:
298:
289:
237:
213:
192:
uses an alphabet to represent the sounds only. Romanization can refer to either.
185:
173:
144:
128:
124:
35:
6284:
4641:
groups with differing pronunciations of Hebrew and differing social priorities.
1046:
word when not before a final consonant, in which case it is /a/. Qamaẕ gadol is
6463:
6376:
5934:
5653:
5643:
5558:
5553:
4999:
4725:
549:
537:
356:
219:
140:
116:
107:
5290:
Excellent, lively summary of issues and options for transliteration of Hebrew.
6503:
6258:
5786:
5527:
5410:
5296:"Scripted History: Hebrew Romanization in Interwar British Mandate Palestine"
5019:
4946:
4883:
4650:
2888:
1248:
5326:
584:
into Greek. The Greek words in turn are transliterations of the Hebrew word
270:
publications generally transliterate more words relative to sources such as
6234:
6061:
5977:
5909:
5751:
5711:
5691:
5638:
5182:
4933:
4923:
4463:), but their usage is not consistent. Therefore, correctly romanizing the "
3187:
3164:
2314:
1663:
895:
619:
581:
533:
352:
169:
4516:") and are only distinguishable through the fact that in text with
266:
Different publishers have different transliteration policies. For example
6136:
5982:
5706:
5648:
4472:
4393:
1598:
829:"Transliteracja alfabetu hebrajskiego PN-74 / N-01211"», similar to SBL.
6478:
6026:
4760:
1007:
600:
573:
241:
226:", is not transliteration. The use of a Hindi word in English such as "
4824:
Use a hyphen between common prefixes or suffixes and a romanized word.
3239:
6001:
5972:
5349:
5115:
4668:
4424:
4363:
1031:
882:
819:
793:
267:
223:
6171:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
5407:(Romanization developed in Israel that uses extra invented letters).
4656:
One system of assigning and indicating pronunciation in Hebrew, the
4451:. Some non-standard distinguishing ways of spelling exist, such as "
690:
471:
222:. The use of a French word in English without translation, such as "
6076:
5668:
5489:
5398:
5383:
4827:
Capitalize the first letter of a proper name, but not its prefixes.
4397:
1023:
973:
5415:
5404:
4621:
at all, or is at most transliterated with an apostrophe (') – see
1035:
999:
903:
789:
643:
623:
5371:
Student Supplement for the SBL Handbook of Style, Second edition
4708:
The vowel "shva" may be sounded (shva na) or silent (shva nach).
3213:
751:
6203:
5967:
5876:
5871:
5856:
5851:
5801:
5756:
5741:
5321:
The entire Hebrew bible transliterated in two different formats
4734:
4587:
4549:
4537:
4525:
4509:
4501:
2390:
2162:
1015:
941:
926:
907:
871:
760:
756:
631:
569:
381:
348:
132:
5327:
Transliteration between Hebrew and Standard English or ISO 259
154: ("Israel") in the Hebrew alphabet can be romanized as
6112:
5957:
5861:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5771:
5716:
5701:
5696:
5686:
5379:
4798:
Certain consonants are considered "emphatic" (the consonants
4517:
2633:
1742:
1478:
1358:
1193:
658:
in romanized Hebrew (now listed in the online catalog of the
563:
557:
428:
256:
252:
227:
4606: being used in all positions, including word-finally.
4528:
will normally be attributed a vocal point in addition, e.g.
5886:
5831:
5781:
5776:
5761:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5320:
5111:
5109:
4853:, "Peace be upon you") in various transliteration systems.
4622:
2812:
2736:
2466:
2052:
1976:
1900:
1848:
930:
397:
341:
334:
248:
618:
The 4th-century and 5th-century Latin translations of the
5791:
5746:
3032:
2238:
541:
360:
195:
To go the other way, that is from English to Hebrew, see
5387:
5106:
4785:
1061:
the consonant, not after as it is written, and so the
5157:
1030:
moot in Israeli Hebrew, where, as already mentioned,
556:(63 BCE) was apparently derived from the Greek words
5100:"Transliteracja alfabetu hebrajskiego PN-74/N-01211"
4632:
4556: ("marketing"), trans. "shivúk", the first ("
4396:
or foreign language texts, never in native words or
870:/PCGN 1962 (US and UK), approximately equivalent to
5164:
Announcements of the Academy of the Hebrew Language
4576:
592:) that we now know adapted in English as the names
568:(Ioudaia). These words can be seen in Chapter 1 of
4497:
4495:
552:. For example, the name of the Roman province of
6501:
4763:. Tiberian vocalization marks gemination with a
940: at the ends of words without additional
536:of Hebrew occurred with the contact between the
38:. For Knowledge's romanization conventions, see
34:. For the phonetic transcription of Hebrew, see
6192:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
5065:Athenian Settlements of the Fourth Century B.C.
4492:
4403:
27:Transcription of Hebrew into the Latin alphabet
5199:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
3151:Forms used only in transliterations of Arabic
944:are silent and not transliterated. The letter
810:Rules of Transcription: Romanization of Hebrew
6219:
5431:
5240:"Parallel texts of Ezra in various languages"
4677:
4544: ("to market"), trans. "shivék" (the "
4342:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
914:pronunciation is indicated—historical (
662:). However, the innovation did not catch on.
5361:SBL Handbook of Style 2nd edition (archived)
4837:
4616:
4614:
4612:
1057:, then the vowel pataẖ is pronounced
4747:, and is sometimes explicitly marked using
4532:, ("a market"), trans. "shuk" (the "
4373:
4358:
4356:
4354:
719:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
500:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
231:
115:, shows part of the romanization method of
6226:
6212:
5438:
5424:
4705:A vowel may be long, short, or ultrashort.
4325:
850:Romanization Tables (1991) and their book
5293:
4609:
4419:
4417:
4415:
739:Learn how and when to remove this message
520:Learn how and when to remove this message
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
4351:
4146:
3887:
3820:
3703:
3645:
3601:
3484:
3258:
3082:
2571:
2102:
1528:
1408:
1298:
750:
207:
111:Title of the romanized Hebrew newspaper
106:
58:This article includes a list of general
4475:but rather on lexical knowledge, e.g. "
1093:, and it still transliterates separate
1042: is Natzrat not Natzerat, etc.)
835:Artscroll § Transliteration system
283:
14:
6502:
4563:
4412:
660:Jewish National and University Library
218:Transliteration assumes two different
6207:
5419:
5350:United Nations romanization of Hebrew
4848:
4786:Additional transliteration principles
4175:
3294:
1120:
1114:
615:, apparently adopted from the Greek.
461:
150:For example, the Hebrew name spelled
40:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Hebrew)
6242:By publisher (for several languages)
5035:Other alphabets in Morse code#Hebrew
889:
763:and romanized Hebrew transliteration
717:adding citations to reliable sources
684:
498:adding citations to reliable sources
465:
44:
5445:
5257:
4838:
4348:Omitted at the beginnings of words.
1034:tends to opportunistically replace
24:
5183:"Automatic Hebrew Transliteration"
4743:(Latin). A soft consonant lacks a
4443:", indistinguishably from "
603:of Juvenal uses the Hebraic words
313: is transliterated as both
202:
64:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
6531:
5366:SBL Handbook of Style 2nd edition
5314:
4771:(Latin), which looks the same as
4645:Hebrew using only consonants and
4633:Transcription vs. transliteration
650:as he styled himself. His father
6233:
5359:Society of Biblical Literature,
5202:A History of the Hebrew Language
1002:(not Gērəšōm as it might seem),
689:
470:
49:
5200:Sáenz-Badillos, Angel (2000) .
5175:
960:, but even occasionally
912:International Phonetic Alphabet
910:transcription. In addition, an
544:. It was influenced by earlier
434:is transliterated variously as
359:. Similarly, the Hebrew letter
5204:. Cambridge University Press.
5121:
5092:
5082:
5057:
814:Academy of the Hebrew Language
798:Society of Biblical Literature
680:
13:
1:
6278:By language or writing system
5355:ALA/LC romanization of Hebrew
5050:
4718:
4702:There are seven basic vowels.
4586: is found once in the
4409:Omitted at the ends of words.
1053:If any word ends with one of
427:. Finally, the Hebrew letter
5294:Arenstein, Benjamin (2018).
5067:(Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995),
4759:Most consonants can undergo
4548:" denotes a vav with
4461:orthographic variants of vav
4285:
4238:
4202:
4099:
4066:
4016:
3988:
3963:
3938:
3784:
3551:
3434:
3384:
3337:
3230:
3204:
3178:
3155:
3120:
3030:
3006:
2956:
2938:
2886:
2862:
2810:
2786:
2734:
2704:
2683:
2631:
2519:
2464:
2440:
2388:
2364:
2312:
2288:
2236:
2212:
2160:
2050:
2026:
1974:
1950:
1898:
1846:
1816:
1792:
1740:
1716:
1661:
1648:
1596:
1566:
1476:
1446:
1356:
1246:
1191:
875:conventional forms of names.
779:
7:
5378:Transliterated text of the
5220:"The Jewish diaspora: Rome"
5013:
4831:
10:
6536:
5481:Transliteration to English
4980:Simplified Modern Israeli
4850:[ʃaˈloːmʕaleːˈxem]
4681:
4678:Use of Tiberian principles
4598: is never used for
4455:" or word-initial "
4011:
3994:
3971:
3946:
3933:
3253:
3248:
3225:
3199:
3173:
3150:
1186:
564:
558:
278:Jewish Publication Society
211:
29:
6277:
6241:
6155:
6090:
6035:
6000:
5943:
5900:
5800:
5677:
5631:
5615:
5608:
5536:
5498:
5453:
5130:The SBL Handbook of Style
5002:traditional romanisation
4810:
4806:
4799:
4696:
4603:
4595:
4583:
4557:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4483:
4476:
4464:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4311:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4252:
4249:
4240:
4233:
4204:
4197:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4147:
4141:
4124:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4101:
4094:
4068:
4055:
4041:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4018:
3989:
3965:
3940:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3889:
3863:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3786:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3724:
3718:
3704:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3576:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3553:
3527:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3436:
3386:
3379:
3339:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3267:
3259:
3232:
3206:
3180:
3157:
3145:
3136:
3122:
3099:
3096:
3083:
3074:
3068:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3033:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2889:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2813:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2737:
2729:
2720:
2706:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2634:
2610:
2607:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2563:
2557:
2522:
2467:
2442:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2391:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2315:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2239:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2163:
2139:
2136:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2053:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1977:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1901:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1818:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1743:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1688:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1650:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1582:
1568:
1545:
1542:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1462:
1448:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1400:
1394:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1359:
1335:
1332:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1249:
1194:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1082:
1054:
1039:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
986:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
937:
922:
885:(not an adopted standard)
636:
585:
429:
398:
361:
342:
335:
310:
232:
151:
6164:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
4767:(in the Hebrew term) or
4739:(in the Hebrew term) or
4318:
1104:
5045:Romanization of Yiddish
5025:Hebraization of English
4602:in Modern Hebrew, with
1026:(not Nāṣrạṯ). (This is
800:(SBL) Handbook of Style
273:The Jewish Encyclopedia
197:Hebraization of English
166:in the Latin alphabet.
79:more precise citations.
32:Hebraization of English
5040:Romanization of Arabic
1124:SBL Handbook of Style
1038:where comfortable, so
822:, the German standard.
786:Traditional, scholarly
764:
307:
137:romanization of Hebrew
120:
113:ha Savuja ha Palestini
18:Hebrew transliteration
5388:http://bible.ort.org/
5301:. Columbia University
4972:Simplified Ashkenazi
4836:Below is the phrase "
4684:Tiberian vocalization
4658:Tiberian vocalization
1010:(not Bēləšaṣṣạr) and
968: (in the name
916:Tiberian vocalization
857:Encyclopaedia Judaica
754:
403:is transliterated as
366:is transliterated as
303:
208:When to transliterate
110:
6185:Strong's Concordance
5476:Ancient inscriptions
5405:The Karmeli Alphabet
4875:Artscroll Sephardic
4431:contain the phoneme
842:: ANSI Z39.25-1975;
825:Standard of Poland «
796::1994 (simplified);
713:improve this section
599:In the 1st century,
494:improve this section
284:How to transliterate
6178:Brown–Driver–Briggs
5386:are available from
5342:", Talya Halkin in
4888:%<LOM $ 3L/#*EM
4582:The pe hazak sofit
4569:Usually written as
4536:" denotes a
4012:Israeli Diphthongs
964: and rarely
883:ISO/FDIS 259-3:1999
852:Hebraica Cataloging
665:Political activist
580:translation of the
6027:Law of attenuation
5537:Reading traditions
5393:2011-03-05 at the
5344:The Jerusalem Post
5340:Hebrish or Engbrew
5332:2008-04-02 at the
5169:2013-10-15 at the
4805:The letter "vav" (
4447:" denoting
1099:⟨kh⟩
1075:⟨aʻ⟩
1071:⟨aẖ⟩
1067:⟨ah⟩
840:Bibliographic data
765:
652:Eliezer Ben Yehuda
596:, Judas and Jude.
462:Historic instances
288:There are various
164:
158:
139:is the use of the
121:
6497:
6496:
6201:
6200:
6057:Verbal morphology
5996:
5995:
5514:
5279:"Transliteration"
5264:The Latin Library
5226:on April 18, 2016
5073:978-90-04-09991-3
5011:
5010:
4896:shalom ‘ᵃleikhem
4512:look identical ("
4439:is spelled with "
4316:
4315:
4189:kamats katan yud
4181:kamatz katan yud
4156:kamats gadol yud
4153:kamatz gadol yud
1095:⟨ẖ⟩
1091:⟨e⟩
923:בּ גּ דּ כּ פּ תּ
890:Comparative table
749:
748:
741:
642:With the rise of
530:
529:
522:
162:
156:
105:
104:
97:
16:(Redirected from
6527:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6205:
6204:
6147:Unicode and HTML
5613:
5612:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5566:
5511:northern dialect
5508:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5323:, Matthew Anstey
5310:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5222:. Archived from
5215:
5187:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5153:on 15 July 2019.
5152:
5146:. Archived from
5135:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5104:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5061:
4983:shalom aleichem
4975:sholom aleichem
4951:шало́м алейхэ́м
4918:schalom alechem
4907:shalom ‘aleicem
4870:sholōm alaychem
4862:Transliteration
4856:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם
4812:
4808:
4801:
4665:Dead Sea Scrolls
4647:matres lectionis
4626:
4618:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4540:) as opposed to
4535:
4531:
4524:" with a
4523:
4515:
4508:" with a
4507:
4499:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4434:
4421:
4410:
4407:
4401:
4390:
4371:
4362:For phonemes in
4360:
4349:
4346:
4340:
4336:
4291:
4289:
4244:
4242:
4208:
4206:
4195:qamaẕ qatan yud
4159:qamaẕ gadol yud
4149:
4105:
4103:
4072:
4070:
4022:
4020:
4004:final qamets he
3991:
3969:
3967:
3944:
3942:
3893:
3891:
3823:
3790:
3788:
3706:
3648:
3604:
3557:
3555:
3487:
3440:
3438:
3390:
3388:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3261:
3236:
3234:
3223:
3210:
3208:
3197:
3184:
3182:
3161:
3159:
3126:
3124:
3085:
3038:
3035:
3012:
3010:
2962:
2960:
2944:
2942:
2894:
2891:
2868:
2866:
2818:
2815:
2792:
2790:
2742:
2739:
2710:
2708:
2689:
2687:
2639:
2636:
2577:
2575:
2527:
2524:
2483:
2472:
2469:
2446:
2444:
2396:
2393:
2370:
2368:
2320:
2317:
2294:
2292:
2244:
2241:
2218:
2216:
2168:
2165:
2105:
2058:
2055:
2032:
2030:
1982:
1979:
1956:
1954:
1906:
1903:
1854:
1851:
1822:
1820:
1798:
1796:
1748:
1745:
1722:
1720:
1680:
1669:
1666:
1654:
1652:
1604:
1601:
1572:
1570:
1531:
1484:
1481:
1452:
1450:
1411:
1364:
1361:
1301:
1254:
1251:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1138:General Purpose
1109:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1056:
1041:
1021:
1013:
1005:
997:
988:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
939:
924:
921:For the letters
864:Geographic names
744:
737:
733:
730:
724:
693:
685:
667:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
638:
587:
567:
566:
561:
560:
525:
518:
514:
511:
505:
474:
466:
431:
400:
363:
344:
337:
312:
299:Hebrew alphabets
261:Urim and Thummim
235:
234:
153:
133:vowel diacritics
100:
93:
89:
86:
80:
75:this article by
66:inline citations
53:
52:
45:
21:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6520:Hebrew alphabet
6515:Hebrew language
6500:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6273:
6237:
6232:
6202:
6197:
6156:Reference works
6151:
6086:
6082:Vav-consecutive
6031:
6010:Biblical Hebrew
5992:
5939:
5924:Mater lectionis
5896:
5796:
5673:
5627:
5604:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5562:
5532:
5494:
5449:
5447:Hebrew language
5444:
5395:Wayback Machine
5346:(July 6, 2006).
5334:Wayback Machine
5317:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5268:
5266:
5248:
5246:
5238:
5229:
5227:
5218:
5212:
5191:
5190:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5171:Wayback Machine
5162:
5158:
5150:
5144:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5114:
5107:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5030:Help:IPA/Hebrew
5016:
5006:Sāluōm Alēichem
4994:shalóm aleijém
4967:shalom alekhem
4959:šālôm ʿălêk̲em
4938:šalom ˁaleikem
4928:šalŵm ʿaleykem
4878:shalom alẹchem
4845:
4834:
4788:
4721:
4699:
4686:
4680:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4619:
4610:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4564:
4552:). In the word
4500:
4493:
4471:cannot rely on
4422:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4391:
4374:
4361:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4326:
4321:
4288:טוּי טוּיְ
4286:
4239:
4203:
4100:
4067:
4017:
3998:final qāmeṣ hê
3964:
3939:
3888:
3785:
3552:
3435:
3385:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3231:
3205:
3179:
3156:
3121:
3031:
3007:
2957:
2939:
2887:
2863:
2811:
2787:
2735:
2705:
2684:
2632:
2572:
2520:
2465:
2441:
2389:
2365:
2313:
2289:
2237:
2213:
2161:
2051:
2027:
1975:
1951:
1899:
1847:
1817:
1793:
1741:
1717:
1662:
1649:
1597:
1567:
1477:
1447:
1357:
1247:
1192:
1118:Hebrew Academy
1115:Common Israeli
1107:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1074:
1070:
1066:
899:transliteration
892:
806:: for example:
782:
745:
734:
728:
725:
710:
694:
683:
648:Ittamar Ben Avi
546:transliteration
526:
515:
509:
506:
491:
475:
464:
290:transliteration
286:
238:double entendre
216:
214:Transliteration
210:
205:
203:Transliteration
186:Transliteration
129:Hebrew alphabet
125:Hebrew language
101:
90:
84:
81:
71:Please help to
70:
54:
50:
43:
36:Help:IPA/Hebrew
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6533:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6208:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6131:modern Israeli
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6022:
6020:Philippi's law
6017:
6012:
6006:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5935:Plene scriptum
5932:
5927:
5920:
5906:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5683:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5594:
5586:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5540:
5538:
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5531:
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5525:
5520:
5515:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5401:pronunciation.
5376:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5336:
5324:
5316:
5315:External links
5313:
5312:
5311:
5291:
5275:
5255:
5236:
5216:
5210:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5174:
5156:
5143:978-1589839649
5142:
5120:
5105:
5091:
5081:
5063:Jack Cargill,
5055:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
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5032:
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5022:
5015:
5012:
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4757:
4754:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4682:Main article:
4679:
4676:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4608:
4575:
4562:
4491:
4482:→ "da'awín", "
4459:" (see
4411:
4402:
4372:
4350:
4341:
4323:
4322:
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3897:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:short qibbuts
3859:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3818:
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3814:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:qamets khatuf
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3731:
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3526:
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3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:khatef qamets
3475:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:chataf kamatz
3441:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:khatef patakh
3425:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:chataf patach
3391:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
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3301:
3297:
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3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
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3269:
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3211:
3202:
3201:
3198:
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3153:
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3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
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3118:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
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3098:
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3090:
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3019:
3016:
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3000:
2997:
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2991:
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2966:
2963:
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2932:
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2926:
2923:
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2912:
2909:
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2898:
2895:
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2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2860:
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2856:
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2808:
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2802:
2799:
2796:
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2769:
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2760:
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2702:
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2699:
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2690:
2681:
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2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2629:
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2609:
2606:
2604:
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2598:
2595:
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2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
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2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1844:
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1837:
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1823:
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1799:
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1699:
1696:
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1639:
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1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
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1613:
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1608:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
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1579:
1576:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1444:
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1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1063:transliterated
891:
888:
887:
886:
876:
861:
837:
832:
831:
830:
823:
817:
801:
781:
778:
755:Road signs in
747:
746:
697:
695:
688:
682:
679:
628:technical term
572:(Ezra) in the
550:Greek language
528:
527:
478:
476:
469:
463:
460:
357:Mizrahi Hebrew
347:as in ancient
285:
282:
230:" (originally
220:script systems
212:Main article:
209:
206:
204:
201:
147:Hebrew words.
141:Latin alphabet
131:with optional
117:Itamar Ben-Avi
103:
102:
57:
55:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6532:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6229:
6224:
6222:
6217:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6062:Semitic roots
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6015:Modern Hebrew
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5930:Abbreviations
5928:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5867:Kubutz/shuruk
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5611:
5607:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5587:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5297:
5292:
5280:
5276:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5245:
5244:Unbound Bible
5241:
5237:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5211:0-521-55634-1
5207:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5160:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5112:
5110:
5101:
5095:
5085:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5056:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:Anglicisation
5018:
5017:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:Romanisation
4990:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4956:SBL Academic
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:Cyrillisation
4945:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:Romanisation
4914:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4904:Romanisation
4903:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4893:Brill Simple
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:Braille ASCII
4882:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4841:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4815:
4804:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4736:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:) and of the
4666:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4651:Second Temple
4648:
4642:
4638:
4624:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4594:30:6)]]. But
4593:
4589:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4551:
4539:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4498:
4496:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4462:
4438:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4284:
4277:
4274:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4246:
4241:טֻי טֻיְ
4237:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4205:טֹי טֹיְ
4201:
4194:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4148:טָי טָיְ
4145:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4107:
4102:טַי טַיְ
4098:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4024:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3937:
3934:Other Vowels
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3886:
3883:long qibbuts
3882:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:qibbūṣ gāḏōl
3868:
3867:
3860:
3857:
3855:short qibbûṣ
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:qibbūṣ qāṭān
3846:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3757:
3746:kamats katan
3738:kamatz katan
3736:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:kamats gadol
3712:
3710:kamatz gadol
3709:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3600:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3559:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:ḥăṭep̄ qāmeṣ
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:ẖataf kamats
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:ḥăṭep̄ páṯaḥ
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:ḥăṭep̄ səḡōl
3365:
3362:
3360:ẖataf seggol
3359:
3356:
3354:ẖataf seggol
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:chataf segol
3345:
3336:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3037:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3005:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2937:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2893:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2861:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2785:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2741:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2682:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2638:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2439:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2395:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2363:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2287:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2243:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2211:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2167:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2025:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1981:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1949:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1791:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1747:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1715:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1623:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1483:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1363:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1127:
1110:
1102:
1086:
1078:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1004:בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר
1001:
992:
983:
977:
975:
943:
934:
932:
928:
925: with
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
897:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:
859:
858:
854:(1987), with
853:
849:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
828:
824:
821:
818:
815:
811:
808:
807:
805:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:
783:
777:
773:
769:
762:
758:
753:
743:
740:
732:
722:
718:
714:
708:
707:
703:
698:This section
696:
692:
687:
686:
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
634:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
583:
579:
575:
571:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
524:
521:
513:
503:
499:
495:
489:
488:
484:
479:This section
477:
473:
468:
467:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
395:
391:
390:
385:
384:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
358:
354:
350:
346:
339:
332:
328:
322:
320:
316:
306:
302:
300:
296:
291:
281:
279:
275:
274:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
229:
225:
221:
215:
200:
198:
193:
191:
190:transcription
187:
184:, and so on.
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
165:
159:
148:
146:
145:transliterate
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
118:
114:
109:
99:
96:
88:
78:
74:
68:
67:
61:
56:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6510:Romanization
6393:
6325:in Singapore
6235:Romanization
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
5978:Inverted nun
5963:Cantillation
5922:
5892:Sin/Shin dot
5664:Paleo-Hebrew
5485:from English
5480:
5373:
5364:
5343:
5305:November 19,
5303:. Retrieved
5282:. Retrieved
5267:. Retrieved
5247:. Retrieved
5243:
5228:. Retrieved
5224:the original
5201:
5194:Bibliography
5177:
5159:
5148:the original
5129:
5123:
5094:
5084:
5076:
5064:
5059:
5005:
4964:SBL General
4835:
4819:
4789:
4772:
4768:
4765:dagesh hazak
4764:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4691:
4687:
4673:
4662:
4655:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4578:
4570:
4565:
4489:→ "ba'avír".
4467:" as
4405:
4394:proper names
4344:
4255:kubbuts yud
3924:šūreq gāḏōl
3905:šūreq qāṭān
3877:long qibbûṣ
3775:qāmeṣ qāṭān
3761:qāmeṣ ḥāṭûp
3752:qamaẕ qatan
3719:qāmeṣ gāḏôl
3716:qamaẕ gadol
3694:páṯaḥ gāḏōl
3672:páṯaḥ qāṭān
3636:səḡōl gāḏōl
3617:səḡōl qāṭān
3533:ḥīreq gāḏôl
3525:short hireq
3519:short ḥîreq
3511:ḥīreq qāṭān
3471:ḥāṭēp qāmeṣ
3457:ẖataf qamaẕ
3421:ḥāṭēp pataḥ
3407:ẖataf pataẖ
3401:ẖataf pataẖ
3374:ḥāṭēp sĕgŏl
3289:vocal šĕwăʾ
2455:sāmeḵ ḥāzāq
2227:lāmeḏ ḥāzāq
1807:záyin ḥāzāq
1557:dāleṯ ḥāzāq
1437:gīmel ḥāzāq
1087:
1079:
1065:sequence is
1062:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1027:
990:
981:
978:
936:The letters
935:
920:
896:Latin script
893:
878:
863:
855:
851:
839:
827:Polska Norma
809:
803:
785:
774:
770:
766:
735:
726:
711:Please help
699:
673:, and Chief
669:, leader of
664:
655:
641:
630:
620:Hebrew Bible
617:
612:
608:
604:
598:
589:
582:Hebrew Bible
562:(Iouda) and
534:romanization
531:
516:
507:
492:Please help
480:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
393:
392:in the word
388:
382:
380:in the word
376:
371:
370:in the word
367:
353:Judeo-Arabic
330:
326:
323:
318:
314:
308:
304:
287:
271:
265:
246:
217:
194:
170:Romanization
168:
161:
155:
149:
136:
122:
112:
91:
82:
63:
5983:Shekel sign
5945:Punctuation
5910:with Niqqud
5820:Palestinian
5609:Orthography
5589:Palestinian
5260:"Satire 14"
4473:orthography
4429:derivations
4368:derivations
4300:shuruq yud
4297:shuruk yud
4294:shuruk yud
4275:qibbûṣ yôd
4261:qubbuẕ yud
4247:kubutz yud
4211:cholam yud
4165:āy, oy, ọy
4131:ay, áy, ạy
4108:patach yud
4025:tzeire yud
3956:full holem
3950:full ḥōlem
3547:long hireq
3541:long ḥîreq
2801:qōp̄ ḥāzāq
2695:ṣāḏē ḥāzāq
2151:kāp̄ ḥāzāq
1187:Consonants
759:written in
681:Modern uses
578:Hellenistic
77:introducing
6504:Categories
6489:Vietnamese
6357:Macedonian
6337:Belarusian
6133:literature
5953:Diacritics
5815:Babylonian
5597:Babylonian
5249:August 16,
5051:References
4867:Artscroll
4859:System(s)
4846:pronounced
4773:dagesh kal
4761:gemination
4745:dagesh kal
4730:fricatives
4719:Consonants
4669:Samaritans
4437:standardly
4306:šûreq yôd
4303:šūreq yōḏ
4267:ḥōlem yōḏ
4228:ḥōlem yôd
4220:ḥōlem yōḏ
4217:ẖolam yud
4214:ẖolam yud
4170:qāmeṣ yôd
4162:qāmeṣ yōḏ
4136:pataḥ yôd
4128:páṯaḥ yōḏ
4122:pataẖ yud
4116:pataẖ yud
4092:sĕgōl yôd
4075:segol yud
4059:tsere yod
3981:hireq yod
3975:ḥîreq yôd
3314:shewa naʻ
3277:shewa naẖ
3265:shva nach
3233:ץ׳ צ׳
3207:ע׳ ר׳
3111:tāw ḥāzāq
3021:śīn ḥāzāq
2947:šīn ḥāzāq
2877:rēš ḥāzāq
2707:ץ׳ צ׳
2574:ףּ פּ
2515:' or omit
2379:nūn ḥāzāq
2303:mēm ḥāzāq
2104:ךּ כּ
2041:yōḏ ḥāzāq
1965:ṭēṯ ḥāzāq
1860:ch, kh, h
1731:wāw ḥāzāq
1347:bēṯ ḥāzāq
1242:' or omit
1182:Translit.
1176:Translit.
1167:Translit.
1161:Translit.
1155:Translit.
1146:Translit.
1083:שְׁתַּ֫יִם
991:unstressed
970:יִשָּׂשכָר
675:Rabbi Kook
639:).
574:Septuagint
242:uniqueness
152:יִשְׂרָאֵל
85:April 2015
60:references
6434:Maldivian
6429:Malayalam
6404:Inuktitut
6372:Ukrainian
6342:Bulgarian
6320:in Taiwan
6002:Phonology
5973:Gershayim
5825:Samaritan
5600:(extinct)
5592:(extinct)
5584:(extinct)
5576:Samaritan
5544:Ashkenazi
5454:Overviews
5397:based on
5284:August 9,
5269:August 9,
5258:Juvenal.
5230:August 9,
4934:ISO 259-3
4924:ISO 259-2
4813:).
4800:ט צ ק ח ע
4486:"
4484:בָּאֲוִיר
4479:"
4477:דַּאַוִין
4427:or their
4425:loanwords
4398:loanwords
4366:or their
4364:loanwords
4053:ṣērê yôd
3320:šəwā nāʻ
3283:šəwā nāḥ
3271:shva naẖ
2622:pē ḥāzāq
1135:Academic
1055:הַּ חַ עַ
1032:shva nach
1008:Bēlšaṣṣạr
996:גֵּרְשֹׁם
820:DIN 31636
794:ISO 259-2
780:Standards
700:does not
601:Satire 14
588: (
548:into the
481:does not
268:ArtScroll
224:bourgeois
127:uses the
6454:Sanskrit
6409:Japanese
6384:Georgian
6332:Cyrillic
6295:Armenian
6254:BGN/PCGN
6142:Surnames
6118:Keyboard
6091:Academic
6077:Segolate
6072:Suffixes
6067:Prefixes
6045:Biblical
5988:Numerals
5902:Spelling
5810:Tiberian
5679:Alphabet
5669:Solitreo
5659:Crowning
5623:Biblical
5581:Tiberian
5571:Yemenite
5549:Sephardi
5523:Medieval
5518:Mishnaic
5506:Biblical
5490:Gematria
5466:Alphabet
5461:Language
5399:Sephardi
5391:Archived
5384:Haftarot
5382:and all
5330:Archived
5167:Archived
5089:Hebrew."
5014:See also
4832:Examples
4592:Proverbs
4554:שִׁוּוּק
4435:, which
4423:Rarely,
4150:
4087:e, é, ẹ
3992:
3835:kubbuts
3824:
3707:
3649:
3605:
3488:
3308:shva na
3300:shva na
3262:
3086:
2716:tsh, ch
2635:ץ צ
2523:ף פ
2316:ן נ
2240:ם מ
2106:
2054:ך כ
1894:h or kh
1532:
1412:
1302:
1121:ISO 259
1040:נָֽצְרַת
1022:
1020:נָֽצְרַת
1014:
1012:צִֽקְלַג
1006:
998:
974:Issachar
972:
879:Phonemic
804:National
729:May 2022
609:Iudaicum
540:and the
510:May 2022
448:Yitzchak
417:Yitzchak
327:Hanukkah
276:1911 or
163:Yiśrāʼēl
6464:Tibetan
6449:Persian
6439:Marathi
6367:Serbian
6362:Russian
6315:Chinese
6310:Burmese
6300:Bengali
6285:Amharic
6127:ancient
6103:Academy
6098:Revival
6037:Grammar
5914:missing
5654:Cursive
5644:Braille
5632:Scripts
5559:Mizrahi
5554:Italian
5471:History
5102:. 1981.
4989:Spanish
4944:Russian
4902:Finnish
4542:שִׁוֵּק
4339:vowels.
4312:
4290:
4281:
4270:uy, ūy
4243:
4234:
4207:
4176:
4142:
4104:
4095:
4081:seggol
4078:seggol
4071:
4021:
3995:
3972:
3968:
3947:
3943:
3919:shureq
3902:shuruq
3899:shuruk
3896:shuruk
3892:
3841:qubbuẕ
3827:kubutz
3793:cholam
3789:
3733:qamets
3686:patakh
3652:patach
3614:seggol
3611:seggol
3560:tzeire
3556:
3491:chirik
3439:
3389:
3380:
3342:
3295:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3254:Vowels
3249:
3235:
3226:
3209:
3200:
3183:
3174:
3160:
3146:
3137:
3125:
3036:
3011:
2961:
2943:
2892:
2867:
2816:
2791:
2740:
2730:
2721:
2713:tshadi
2709:
2688:
2645:tz, ts
2637:
2576:
2525:
2470:
2445:
2413:samekh
2407:samekh
2399:samech
2394:
2369:
2318:
2293:
2242:
2217:
2166:
2064:ch, kh
2056:
2031:
1980:
1955:
1904:
1852:
1842:
1833:
1825:zhayin
1821:
1797:
1746:
1721:
1712:v or w
1667:
1653:
1602:
1592:
1583:
1575:dhalet
1571:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1451:
1362:
1252:
1233:ʾālep̄
1225:ʾālep̄
1197:
1112:Symbol
1077:, etc.
1048:usually
1036:shva na
1024:Nāṣərạṯ
908:Israeli
904:ISO 259
792::1984;
790:ISO 259
721:removed
706:sources
644:Zionism
624:Vulgate
605:sabbata
565:Ἰουδαία
502:removed
487:sources
450:), and
432:
401:
364:
345:
338:
331:Chayyim
295:English
280:texts.
182:Turkish
178:Spanish
157:Yisrael
119:. 1929.
73:improve
6484:Uyghur
6469:Telugu
6459:Syriac
6444:Nepali
6419:Korean
6394:Hebrew
6352:Kyrgyz
6347:Kazakh
6305:Berber
6290:Arabic
6249:ALA-LC
6123:Hebrew
6050:Modern
5968:Geresh
5877:Mappiq
5872:Dagesh
5857:Kamatz
5802:Niqqud
5757:Samech
5649:Ashuri
5564:Syrian
5528:Modern
5208:
5140:
5071:
4913:German
4735:dagesh
4697:Vowels
4588:Tanakh
4550:dagesh
4538:shuruk
4526:dagesh
4510:dagesh
4502:Shuruk
4084:səḡōl
4033:tsere
3913:šûreq
3816:holem
3810:ḥōlem
3802:ḥōlem
3799:ẖolam
3796:ẖolam
3727:qāmeṣ
3680:pataḥ
3666:pataẖ
3660:pataẖ
3631:segol
3625:sĕgōl
3608:segol
3594:tsere
3568:tsere
3505:ẖiriq
3499:ẖirik
2821:reish
2676:tsade
2650:tsadi
2642:tzadi
2506:ʿayin
2498:ʿáyin
2492:ʻayin
2433:samek
2427:sāmek
2419:sāmeḵ
2205:lamed
2199:lāmed
2191:lāmeḏ
2185:lamed
2179:lamed
2171:lamed
1836:žayin
1785:zayin
1779:zayin
1771:záyin
1765:zayin
1759:zayin
1751:zayin
1675:v (w)
1586:ḏalet
1535:dāleṯ
1521:dalet
1515:dālet
1507:ḏāleṯ
1501:dalet
1495:dalet
1487:dalet
1466:ǧimel
1455:jimel
1415:gīmel
1401:gimel
1395:gîmel
1387:ḡīmel
1381:gimel
1375:gimel
1367:gimel
1059:before
1016:Ṣīqlạḡ
1000:Gēršōm
982:always
942:niqqud
927:dagesh
872:UNGEGN
761:Hebrew
757:Israel
632:mamzer
613:Moyses
611:, and
590:Yehuda
570:Esdras
554:Iudaea
538:Romans
532:Early
425:Qehila
419:, and
386:, and
349:Hebrew
174:German
135:. The
62:, but
6414:Khmer
6399:Hindi
6389:Greek
6377:Uzbek
6137:Names
6113:Ulpan
6108:Study
5958:Meteg
5882:Maqaf
5862:Holam
5852:Pataḥ
5847:Segol
5842:Tzere
5837:Hiriq
5772:Tsadi
5742:Lamed
5717:Zayin
5702:Dalet
5697:Gimel
5639:Rashi
5380:Torah
5299:(PDF)
5151:(PDF)
5134:(PDF)
5000:Latin
4769:forte
4726:stops
4530:שׁוּק
4518:nikud
4504:and "
4319:Notes
4045:ṣērē
4039:ẕere
3697:á, ạ
3639:é, ẹ
3588:ṣērê
3580:ṣērē
3574:ẕere
3129:thav
2931:shin
2911:shin
2905:shin
2897:shin
2855:resh
2835:resh
2829:resh
2773:qôp̄
2765:qōp̄
2748:c, k
2724:čadi
2670:ṣādê
2662:ṣāḏē
2656:ẕadi
2512:ayin
2486:ayin
2475:ayin
2129:kāp̄
2112:c, k
2081:ḵāp̄
2075:khaf
2069:khaf
2061:chaf
1988:y, i
1891:khet
1857:chet
1239:alef
1219:alef
1213:alef
1202:alef
1179:Name
1173:Name
1164:Name
1158:Name
1152:Name
1143:Name
1132:1953
1129:2006
1105:Table
958:א ו י
931:shewa
671:Betar
594:Judah
586:יהודה
559:Ἰούδα
456:Tsfat
440:Isaac
409:Isaac
383:talis
372:Beith
315:Beith
257:ephod
253:Satan
228:khaki
6479:Urdu
6474:Thai
6269:Yale
6259:GOST
5918:full
5887:Rafe
5832:Shva
5787:Shin
5782:Resh
5762:Ayin
5687:Alef
5616:Eras
5499:Eras
5307:2019
5286:2005
5271:2005
5251:2005
5232:2005
5206:ISBN
5138:ISBN
5077:when
5069:ISBN
4750:rafe
4741:lene
4623:shva
3214:ġayn
3140:ṯaw
3089:tāw
3075:tav
3069:tāw
3061:ṯāw
3055:taw
3049:tav
3041:tav
2999:sin
2993:śîn
2985:śīn
2979:sin
2973:sin
2965:sin
2925:šîn
2917:šīn
2849:rêš
2841:rēš
2779:qof
2759:quf
2753:kuf
2745:kuf
2580:pei
2550:p̄ē
2530:fei
2357:nun
2351:nûn
2343:nūn
2337:nun
2331:nun
2323:nun
2281:mem
2275:mêm
2267:mēm
2261:mem
2255:mem
2247:mem
2123:kaf
2117:kaf
2109:kaf
2095:kaf
2089:kāp
2019:yod
2013:yôd
2005:yōḏ
1999:yud
1993:yud
1985:yud
1943:tet
1937:ṭêt
1929:ṭēṯ
1923:tet
1917:tet
1909:tet
1885:ḥêt
1877:ḥēṯ
1871:ẖet
1865:ẖet
1709:vav
1703:wāw
1695:wāw
1689:waw
1683:vav
1672:vav
1607:hei
1325:bēṯ
1319:bet
1313:bet
1305:bet
1291:bet
1285:bêt
1277:ḇēṯ
1271:vet
1265:vet
1257:vet
1170:IPA
1149:IPA
1097:and
704:any
702:cite
637:ממזר
576:, a
542:Jews
485:any
483:cite
454:(in
446:(in
438:(in
329:and
317:and
297:and
249:Amen
233:खाकी
123:The
6424:Lao
6264:ISO
5792:Tav
5777:Kuf
5767:Pei
5752:Nun
5747:Mem
5737:Kaf
5732:Yud
5727:Tet
5722:Ḥet
5712:Vav
5707:Hei
5692:Bet
4844:" (
4737:kal
4728:or
4600:/p/
4520:, "
4469:/w/
4449:/v/
4433:/w/
4309:ûi
4278:ui
4264:uy
4258:uy
4250:ui
4231:ōi
4223:ōy
4198:oy
4192:oy
4184:oi
4173:āi
4139:ai
4125:ay
4119:ay
4111:ai
4069:טֶי
4028:ei
4019:טֵי
4007:ah
3990:טָה
3966:טִי
3890:טוּ
3240:ḍād
3188:ẓāʾ
3165:ḫāʾ
3132:th
3114:tt
3108:tt
3105:tt
3078:th
3024:śś
3018:ss
3015:ss
3009:שּׂ
2950:šš
2941:שּׁ
2934:sh
2914:sh
2908:sh
2900:sh
2880:rr
2874:rr
2871:rr
2804:qq
2798:qq
2795:kk
2698:ṣṣ
2692:ẕẕ
2679:ts
2653:ts
2625:pp
2619:pp
2616:pp
2600:pē
2594:pe
2588:pe
2564:pe
2561:p̄
2558:pê
2553:p̄
2544:fe
2538:fe
2458:ss
2452:ss
2449:ss
2382:nn
2376:nn
2373:nn
2306:mm
2300:mm
2297:mm
2230:ll
2224:ll
2221:ll
2154:kk
2148:kk
2145:kk
2098:kh
2078:kh
2072:kh
2044:yy
2038:yy
2035:yy
1968:ṭṭ
1962:tt
1959:tt
1828:zh
1810:zz
1804:zz
1801:zz
1734:ww
1728:ww
1725:vv
1641:he
1635:hê
1627:hē
1621:he
1615:he
1578:dh
1560:dd
1554:dd
1551:dd
1524:dh
1440:gg
1434:gg
1431:gg
1404:gh
1350:bb
1344:bb
1341:bb
1028:all
938:א ה
868:BGN
844:ALA
715:by
656:Avi
496:by
442:),
423:in
415:in
407:in
394:Bet
355:or
319:Bet
311:בית
160:or
143:to
6506::
6129:/
6125:/
5916:/
5912:/
5483:/
5368:,
5363:,
5262:.
5242:.
5108:^
4611:^
4584:ףּ
4558:וּ
4546:וּ
4534:וּ
4514:וּ
4494:^
4457:וו
4453:ו׳
4414:^
4400:).
4375:^
4353:^
4327:^
4062:e
4056:ê
4048:ē
4042:e
4036:e
4001:â
3984:i
3978:î
3959:o
3953:ô
3941:וֹ
3927:ū
3916:û
3908:u
3880:ū
3872:ū
3864:u
3858:u
3850:u
3844:u
3838:u
3830:u
3822:טֻ
3813:ō
3805:ō
3787:טֹ
3778:o
3770:o
3764:o
3758:ọ
3755:o
3749:o
3741:o
3730:ā
3722:ā
3705:טָ
3689:a
3683:a
3675:a
3669:a
3663:a
3655:a
3647:טַ
3628:e
3620:e
3603:טֶ
3597:e
3591:ē
3583:ē
3577:e
3571:e
3563:e
3554:טֵ
3544:ī
3536:ī
3528:i
3522:i
3514:i
3508:i
3502:i
3494:i
3486:טִ
3480:o
3474:ŏ
3466:ŏ
3460:o
3454:o
3446:o
3437:חֳ
3430:a
3424:ă
3416:ă
3410:a
3404:a
3396:a
3387:חֲ
3377:ĕ
3369:ĕ
3363:e
3357:e
3349:e
3340:חֱ
3323:ə
3317:e
3311:e
3303:e
3292:ĕ
3260:טְ
3244:ḍ
3218:ġ
3192:ẓ
3181:ט׳
3169:ḫ
3158:ח׳
3143:ṯ
3123:ת׳
3100:t
3097:t
3092:t
3084:תּ
3072:ṯ
3064:ṯ
3058:t
3052:t
3044:t
3002:s
2996:ś
2988:ś
2982:s
2976:s
2968:s
2959:שׂ
2928:š
2920:š
2890:שׁ
2865:רּ
2858:r
2852:r
2844:r
2838:r
2832:r
2824:r
2789:קּ
2782:q
2776:q
2768:q
2762:q
2756:k
2727:č
2686:צּ
2673:ṣ
2665:ṣ
2659:ẕ
2611:p
2608:p
2603:p
2597:p
2591:p
2583:p
2567:f
2547:f
2541:f
2533:f
2509:ʿ
2501:ʿ
2495:ʻ
2489:'
2478:'
2443:סּ
2436:s
2430:s
2422:s
2416:s
2410:s
2402:s
2367:נּ
2360:n
2354:n
2346:n
2340:n
2334:n
2326:n
2291:מּ
2284:m
2278:m
2270:m
2264:m
2258:m
2250:m
2215:לּ
2208:l
2202:l
2194:l
2188:l
2182:l
2174:l
2140:k
2137:k
2132:k
2126:k
2120:k
2092:ḵ
2084:ḵ
2029:יּ
2022:y
2016:y
2008:y
2002:y
1996:y
1953:טּ
1946:t
1940:ṭ
1932:ṭ
1926:t
1920:t
1912:t
1888:ḥ
1880:ḥ
1874:ẖ
1868:ẖ
1839:ž
1819:ז׳
1795:זּ
1788:z
1782:z
1774:z
1768:z
1762:z
1754:z
1719:וּ
1706:w
1698:w
1692:w
1686:v
1679:()
1657:h
1651:הּ
1644:h
1638:h
1630:h
1624:h
1618:h
1610:h
1589:ḏ
1569:ד׳
1546:d
1543:d
1538:d
1530:דּ
1518:ḏ
1510:ḏ
1504:d
1498:d
1490:d
1469:ǧ
1458:j
1449:ג׳
1426:g
1423:g
1418:g
1410:גּ
1398:ḡ
1390:ḡ
1384:g
1378:g
1370:g
1336:b
1333:b
1328:b
1322:b
1316:b
1308:b
1300:בּ
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