11562:
11610:
11344:
11277:
11168:
11495:
11386:
11210:
11319:
11537:
11411:
11235:
11000:
10874:
10832:
10748:
11719:
11677:
11453:
11603:
11635:
11761:
11126:
11084:
11042:
10958:
10790:
10916:
11379:
11312:
11203:
87:
11530:
11421:
10842:
11572:
11245:
11010:
10884:
10758:
11555:
11404:
11729:
11687:
11463:
11178:
11052:
10800:
11228:
10993:
10867:
10825:
11771:
11645:
11505:
11354:
11287:
11136:
11094:
10968:
10926:
11712:
11670:
11446:
10741:
11754:
11628:
11337:
11270:
11161:
11077:
11035:
10951:
10783:
11119:
11488:
10909:
16335:
1202:
9938:
11916:
1187:
17527:
48:
9845:
9794:
9756:
9718:
9662:
9624:
10231:
10198:
10165:
10117:
369:
16051:
11585:
11579:
11428:
10891:
11252:
11017:
10765:
11736:
11694:
11652:
11470:
11185:
11101:
11059:
10807:
11778:
11512:
11361:
11294:
11143:
10975:
10933:
10849:
11880:
Following the adoption of Greek
Hellenistic alphabetic numeration practice, Hebrew letters started being used to denote numbers in the late 2nd century BC, and performed this arithmetic function for about a thousand years. Nowadays alphanumeric notation is used only in specific contexts, e.g.
15772:
transliterated. To the eye of readers orientating themselves on Latin (or similar) alphabets, these letters might seem to be transliterated as vowel letters; however, these are in fact transliterations of the vowel diacritics – niqqud (or are representations of the spoken vowels). E.g., in
15865:
Hebrew – never to spell Hebrew words; therefore they were not included in this table (correctly translating a Hebrew text with these letters would require using the spelling in the language from which the transliteration to Hebrew was originally made). The non-standard
16833:
Shachmon, Ori, and Merav Mack. "Speaking Arabic, Writing Hebrew. Linguistic
Transitions in Christian Arab Communities in Israel". Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Des Morgenlandes, vol. 106, 2016, pp. 223–239. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26449346. Accessed 15 July
16098:
Why does the story of creation begin with bet?... In the same manner that the letter bet is closed on all sides and only open in front, similarly you are not permitted to inquire into what is before or what was behind, but only from the actual time of
16020:, for example, records that "the Israelites took for themselves square calligraphy", and that the letters "came with the Israelites from Ashur "); others attribute mystical significance to the letters, connecting them with the process of creation or
1345:, Judaeo-Spanish, and Yiddish. The Hebrew alphabet continued in use for scholarly writing in Hebrew and came again into everyday use with the rebirth of the Hebrew language as a spoken language in the 18th and 19th centuries, especially in
15819: is omitted from the transliteration, and only the subsequent vowels are transliterated (whether or not their corresponding vowel diacritics appeared in the text being transliterated), resulting in "im", "em" and "om", respectively.
1159:, a modified version of the Hebrew alphabet used to write Yiddish, is a true alphabet, with all vowels rendered in the spelling, except in the case of inherited Hebrew words, which typically retain their Hebrew consonant-only spellings.
5084:⟩, are often found in slang and loanwords that are part of the everyday Hebrew colloquial vocabulary. The symbol resembling an apostrophe after the Hebrew letter modifies the pronunciation of the letter and is called a
19:
This article is about the alphabet derived from the
Aramaic alphabet (CE 135 – present). For the original Hebrew alphabet derived directly from the Phoenician alphabet (10th century BCE – CE 135), see
10640:
The following table displays typographic and chirographic variants of each letter. For the five letters that have a different final form used at the end of words, the final forms are displayed beneath the regular form.
10065:) underneath the letter, the vowel is made very short. When sh'va is placed on the first letter of the word, mostly it is "è" (but in some instances, it makes the first letter silent without a vowel (vowel-less): e.g.
16024:. In mystical conceptions, the alphabet is considered eternal, pre-existent to the Earth, and the letters themselves are seen as having holiness and power, sometimes to such an extent that several stories from the
1758:: the letter is combined with a previous vowel and becomes silent, or by imitation of such cases in the spelling of other forms. Also, a system of vowel points to indicate vowels (diacritics), called
10644:
The block (square, or "print" type) and cursive ("handwritten" type) are the only variants in widespread contemporary use. Rashi is also used, for historical reasons, in a handful of standard texts.
15811:), whereas the vowels /i/, /e/ and /o/ respectively represent the spoken vowel, whether it is orthographically denoted by diacritics or not. Since the Academy of the Hebrew Language ascertains that
1842:, used to indicate how scriptural passages should be chanted in synagogue recitations of scripture (although these marks do not appear in the scrolls). In everyday writing of modern Hebrew,
16077:. Another example of messianic significance attached to the letters is the teaching of Rabbi Eliezer that the five letters of the alphabet with final forms hold the "secret of redemption".
9574:
are often omitted in writing, except for children's books, prayer books, poetry, foreign words, and words which would be ambiguous to pronounce. Israeli Hebrew has five vowel phonemes,
4496:), but these were lost among most Jews due to these sounds not existing in the countries where they lived (such as in nearly all of Eastern Europe). Yiddish modified /θ/ to /s/ (cf.
16713:/v/ at a non-initial and non-final position in the word, whereas a single vav at a non-initial and non-final position in the word in spelling without niqqud denotes one of the
16212:
16245:
9341: are considered to constitute part of the vowel designation in combination with a niqqud symbol – a vowel diacritic (whether or not the diacritic is marked), whereas
16185:
17738:
16279:
16155:
16306:
11855:
are indicated by a small line on top of the letter. Its use has been largely discontinued in modern printed texts. It is still used to mark fricative consonants in the
16824:
Gaash, Amir. "Colloquial Arabic written in Hebrew characters on
Israeli websites by Druzes (and other non-Jews)." Jerusalem studies in Arabic and Islam 43 (2016): 15.
16012:
The letters of the Hebrew alphabet have played varied roles in Jewish religious literature over the centuries, primarily in mystical texts. Some sources in classical
2335:
version (4QLam/4Q111), reversed ordering also appears in the first chapter (i.e. in all the first four chapters). The fact that these chapters follows the pre-exilic
1820:, and his family for several generations, are credited for refining and maintaining the system. These points are normally used only for special purposes, such as
17448:
16073:
box, is missing from the current alphabet. The world's flaws, the book teaches, are related to the absence of this letter, the eventual revelation of which will
1314:, who remained in the Land of Israel, continued to use the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. During the 3rd century BCE, Jews began to use a stylized, "square" form of the
16705:
be indistinguishably represented in Hebrew using the letter vav. Sometimes the vav is indeed doubled, however not to denote as opposed to but rather, when
16043:, largely through exposition on the powers of the letters of the alphabet. The supposed creative powers of the letters are also referenced in the Talmud and
1854:
or "triliterals") allow Hebrew speakers to determine the vowel-structure of a given word from its consonants based on the word's context and part of speech.
17353:
17253:
16929:
16885:
Naveh, Joseph (1987), "Proto-Canaanite, Archaic Greek, and the Script of the
Aramaic Text on the Tell Fakhariyah Statue", in Miller; et al. (eds.),
355:
16537:(final) position, with few exceptions. In medial positions, both pronunciations are possible. In Modern Hebrew this restriction is not absolute, e.g.
16088:
qualities and depicted as speaking to God. Commonly their shapes are used in parables to illustrate points of ethics or theology. An example from the
22421:
19074:
18558:
4730:), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called
19504:
19494:
19069:
16490:
generally (as six of the primary letters can have only two variants) have four forms, according to their place in the word. The same goes with the
4648:
19484:
19474:
19064:
19059:
19054:
18524:
16772:. "Square Hebrew became established in the 2nd and 1st centuries bce and developed into the modern Hebrew alphabet over the next 1,500 years."
21200:
19489:
1162:
The Arabic and Hebrew alphabets have similarities because they are both derived from the
Aramaic alphabet, which in turn derives either from
5719:
consisting of a single Hebrew letter or of multiple Hebrew letters, respectively. Geresh is also the name of a cantillation mark used for
18633:
5290:
The pronunciation of the following letters can also be modified with the geresh diacritic. The represented sounds are however foreign to
16947:
16782:
Abu Elhija, Dua'a (23 January 2014). "A new writing system? Developing orthographies for writing Arabic dialects in electronic media".
6256:
when preceded by a vowel (commonly indicated with a macron, ḇ ḡ ḏ ḵ p̄ ṯ). The plosive and double pronunciations were indicated by the
2363:
6260:. In Modern Hebrew the sounds ḏ and ḡ have reverted to and , respectively, and ṯ has become , so only the remaining three consonants
1898:
standard). Although Hebrew is read and written from right to left, the following table shows the letters in order from left to right:
21232:
17770:
15659:
14384:
8876:
8843:
8824:
10598:
and is a punctuation mark used in the Hebrew language to denote acronyms. It is written before the last letter in the acronym, e.g.
22822:
18479:
16325:
1682:
16016:
seem to acknowledge the historical provenance of the currently used Hebrew alphabet and deal with them as a mundane subject (the
2341:
order is evidence for them being written shortly after the events described, rather than being later, post-exilic compositions.
22842:
17735:
20422:
16901:
5294:, i.e., these symbols mainly represent sounds in foreign words or names when transliterated with the Hebrew alphabet, and not
1804:
To preserve the proper vowel sounds, scholars developed several different sets of vocalization and diacritical symbols called
22414:
22302:
18551:
17662:
17379:
17138:
17000:
16911:
11812:. They are not used in Hebrew, aside from in loan words. They are possible to visually recreate using a sequence of letters,
1071:
styles. In the remainder of this article, the term "Hebrew alphabet" refers to the square script unless otherwise indicated.
20871:
9066:
6439:
6425:
4500:
in
Spanish), but in modern Israeli Hebrew, it is simply pronounced /t/. Likewise, historical /ð/ is simply pronounced /d/.
11809:
5538: is indeed a native sound in Hebrew; the geresh is however used only when transliteration must distinguish between
20308:
18620:
16724:
16700:
15877:
8033:
8022:
8011:
8000:
7989:
7974:
7263:
7252:
7241:
7230:
5262:
5075:
3436:
386:
18844:
22769:
17808:
16446:
16376:
is included for HTML. These can be used in many markup languages, and they are often used in Wiki to create the Hebrew
1330:. After the fall of the Persian Empire in 330 BCE, Jews used both scripts before settling on the square Assyrian form.
1040:
Historically, two separate abjad scripts have been used to write Hebrew. The original, old Hebrew script, known as the
17455:
6191:
Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of
Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants
22832:
22070:
22056:
22026:
21165:
17632:
17558:
17274:
22407:
22288:
21005:
20402:
18544:
17610:
17533:
16069:, holds that a single letter of unknown pronunciation, held by some to be the four-pronged shin on one side of the
15901:
15684:
15574:
14432:
14246:
8971:
8960:
8949:
8938:
8927:
8916:
8905:
6171:
5211:
5039:
4262:
791:
22764:
18849:
6481:. It is used for loanwords with non-native Hebrew sounds. The dot in the middle of some of the letters, called a "
197:
22837:
20728:
19989:
17350:
16926:
16659:
15921:) is often transcribed "ch", inconsistently with the guidelines specified by the Academy of the Hebrew Language:
14604:
14589:
12513:
12493:
12382:
12368:
8554:
8543:
8532:
8521:
8510:
3995:
3883:
655:
337:
22852:
22295:
20861:
20500:
18435:
18430:
17803:
15088:
13363:
12397:
12353:
10635:
9976:
in Modern Hebrew. This is not correct in the normative pronunciation and not consistent in the spoken language.
7524:
7513:
7502:
7491:
5561:
5549:
1228:
1067:") of representation of the Jewish script letters described in this article also exist, including a variety of
797:
2403:
1895:
20970:
20495:
19553:
17763:
15893:
15885:
15025:
14813:
13268:
12883:
6876:
5558: transliterates the former and ח the latter, whereas in everyday usage ח without geresh is pronounced
5172:
5133:
5055:
5047:
637:
19832:
16110:
Extensive instructions about the proper methods of forming the letters are found in
Mishnat Soferim, within
16039:, a mystical text of uncertain origin which describes a story of creation highly divergent from that in the
22281:
22260:
19548:
19323:
18839:
18615:
18440:
17113:
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and
Geographical Studies / ארץ-ישראל: מחקרים בידיעת הארץ ועתיקותיה
16692:
16309:
15546:
14194:
10325:
10205:
9806:
9768:
9190:
9055:
9044:
9033:
9022:
9011:
9000:
8627:
8616:
8605:
8576:
8565:
8318:
8307:
8296:
8285:
8274:
8263:
8252:
7219:
7204:
6799:
6769:
6112:
6052:
5886:
4319:
4051:
3675:
2927:
2611:
2263:
475:
16630:
16622:
16614:
16594:
16586:
16578:
16560:
16556:
16547:
16543:
15998:
15986:
15974:
15936:
15927:
15224:
15209:
14439:
14253:
14201:
14069:
14043:
13972:
13702:
13599:
13584:
13578:
13573:
13464:
13337:
13275:
12890:
12654:
9575:
9520:
9476:
9472:
9445:
9441:
9414:
9330:
8360:
6442:
6428:
6401:
6373:
6352:
6337:
6325:
6310:
6306:
6261:
6192:
4651:
4619:
4589:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4008:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2842:
2837:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2735:
2730:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
351:
347:
22161:
22140:
20820:
20815:
20510:
20412:
18934:
18625:
18510:
17955:
16962:
16373:
15481:
15424:
14062:
13965:
12328:
10473:
9691:
eh (precise pronunciation); ei (imprecise due to modern pronunciation, even if with succeeding yod – see
9636:
8797:
8378:
8367:
7755:
7744:
7733:
7722:
7175:
3743:
2866:
1287:
18214:
1882:, meaning in this context "final" or "ending") form, used only at the end of a word, somewhat as in the
22228:
20825:
20392:
19805:
18866:
16643:
16355:
16190:
15955:
15912:
15285:
15276:
15139:
15071:
15062:
13709:
13695:
13457:
13344:
13330:
12364:
standard it has set. When omitted, no such precise alternative exists and the regular standard applies.
12299:") to a letter multiplies its value by one thousand, for example, the year 5778 is portrayed as
9234:
9223:
9212:
9201:
9117:
9106:
9095:
8481:
8470:
8459:
8448:
8437:
8426:
8415:
7692:
7681:
7670:
7659:
7648:
7637:
7626:
7568:
7557:
5970:
5932:
5569:
5541:
5529:
5481:
5427:
4485:
4436:
4371:
3939:
3822:
3384:
3272:
3154:
3097:
19558:
18876:
17729:
16223:
9329:
are letters that can sometimes indicate a vowel instead of a consonant (which would be, respectively,
1017:. In modern Hebrew, vowels are increasingly introduced. It is also used informally in Israel to write
960:
20478:
20200:
19753:
19340:
17227:
16722:
16698:
16690:
16657:
16641:
15953:
15910:
15899:
15891:
15883:
15875:
15800:
15682:
15657:
15647:
15630:
15620:
15572:
15544:
15479:
15460:
15422:
15405:
15283:
15274:
15266:
15264:
15216:
15214:
15201:
15199:
15137:
15086:
15069:
15060:
15052:
15050:
15023:
14978:
14968:
14811:
14684:
14646:
14430:
14382:
14372:
14350:
14340:
14244:
14192:
14060:
14034:
13963:
13944:
13707:
13693:
13685:
13683:
13591:
13589:
13565:
13563:
13455:
13361:
13342:
13328:
13320:
13318:
13266:
13181:
13171:
12881:
12645:
12579:
11920:
10471:
10436:
10401:
10364:
10362:
10323:
10277:
10236:
10203:
10172:
10170:
10124:
10122:
10093:
9910:
9855:
9812:
9804:
9766:
9730:
9728:
9674:
9672:
9634:
9600:
9232:
9221:
9210:
9199:
9188:
9159:
9148:
9137:
9126:
9115:
9104:
9093:
9064:
9053:
9042:
9031:
9020:
9009:
8998:
8969:
8958:
8947:
8936:
8925:
8914:
8903:
8874:
8863:
8852:
8841:
8833:
8822:
8814:
8803:
8795:
8762:
8751:
8740:
8729:
8719:
8709:
8698:
8687:
8676:
8625:
8614:
8603:
8574:
8563:
8552:
8541:
8530:
8519:
8508:
8479:
8468:
8457:
8446:
8435:
8424:
8413:
8376:
8365:
8316:
8305:
8294:
8283:
8272:
8261:
8250:
8221:
8210:
8199:
8188:
8177:
8166:
8155:
8126:
8115:
8104:
8093:
8082:
8071:
8060:
8031:
8020:
8009:
7998:
7987:
7972:
7945:
7943:
7934:
7932:
7923:
7921:
7912:
7910:
7901:
7899:
7890:
7888:
7855:
7844:
7833:
7822:
7811:
7800:
7789:
7753:
7742:
7731:
7720:
7690:
7679:
7668:
7657:
7646:
7635:
7624:
7566:
7555:
7522:
7511:
7500:
7489:
7480:
7478:
7447:
7445:
7436:
7434:
7425:
7423:
7414:
7412:
7403:
7401:
7388:
7386:
7338:
7290:
7261:
7250:
7239:
7228:
7217:
7202:
7173:
7120:
7109:
7098:
7087:
7054:
7043:
7032:
7021:
7002:
6973:
6962:
6951:
6940:
6907:
6896:
6885:
6874:
6863:
6848:
6821:
6819:
6810:
6808:
6797:
6788:
6786:
6767:
6738:
6727:
6716:
6705:
6694:
6683:
6672:
6634:
6169:
6110:
6050:
6011:
5968:
5930:
5884:
5833:
5822:
5791:
5607:
5567:
5559:
5547:
5539:
5527:
5479:
5425:
5342:
5315:
5260:
5209:
5170:
5131:
5107:
5073:
5053:
5045:
5037:
4562:
4434:
4369:
4317:
4260:
4209:
4148:
4049:
3993:
3937:
3881:
3820:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3673:
3582:
3491:
3434:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3322:
3270:
3213:
3152:
3095:
2984:
2982:
2925:
2864:
2822:
2757:
2665:
2609:
2548:
2482:
2474:
2355:
1817:
861:
22847:
22817:
21978:
21964:
21269:
19852:
19655:
18871:
18474:
18152:
17921:
17756:
10438:
9912:
9161:
9150:
9139:
9128:
8764:
8753:
8742:
8731:
7292:
6575:
6570:
1265:
1254:
1171:
21583:
18999:
17395:
16963:
Spelling in the Hebrew Bible: Dahood memorial lecture, By Francis I. Andersen, A. Dean Forbes, p56
16168:
12422:
with no dagesh, SBL uses the same symbols as for with dagesh (i.e. "b", "g", "d", "k", "f", "t").
11420:
86:
22267:
21295:
20252:
19929:
19908:
19788:
19768:
19600:
19271:
19175:
18652:
18610:
18567:
18517:
18496:
18459:
18347:
18147:
17929:
17896:
17817:
17094:
Tappy, Ron E., et al. "An Abecedary of the Mid-Tenth Century B.C.E. from the Judaean Shephelah."
17082:
16768:
16257:
16133:
15632:
14352:
11561:
10841:
8700:
8689:
8678:
7846:
7835:
7824:
7813:
7802:
7791:
7122:
7111:
7100:
7089:
7004:
6740:
6729:
6718:
6707:
6696:
6685:
6674:
6013:
5609:
5344:
5291:
5031:
4973:
4493:
4211:
4150:
3324:
3215:
2824:
2759:
2550:
2359:
1651:
399:
18369:
18246:
17569:
16284:
11571:
11244:
11009:
10883:
809:
20985:
19924:
19914:
19847:
19357:
18790:
18157:
17813:
17426:"Resources for New Testament Exegesis – Transliteration Standards of The SBL Handbook of Style"
14980:
14970:
13183:
13173:
12320:
10757:
10403:
10238:
9857:
9814:
9349: are considered to be mute, their role being purely indicative of the non-marked vowel.
7340:
6975:
6964:
6953:
6942:
4638:
2372:
The descriptions that follow are based on the pronunciation of modern standard Israeli Hebrew.
1646:
1342:
1010:
333:
18224:
17652:
11728:
11686:
11609:
11462:
11343:
11276:
11177:
11167:
11051:
1706:
1079:
22781:
22369:
22274:
22063:
22012:
21472:
21394:
21158:
21097:
21082:
20651:
20530:
20272:
20232:
19964:
19640:
18824:
18812:
18785:
18770:
18382:
18142:
17996:
16990:
16944:
16351:
16013:
15649:
14374:
11816:, except when a diacritic is inserted underneath that would not appear in the middle.
11494:
10799:
10715:
8865:
8835:
8816:
8721:
8168:
8157:
8128:
8117:
8106:
8095:
8084:
8073:
8062:
7056:
7045:
7034:
7023:
6248:. The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points. They were pronounced as
3584:
3493:
1813:
1269:
1258:
1048:. The present "Jewish script" or "square script", on the contrary, is a stylized form of the
1041:
934:
155:
21:
21077:
20282:
11770:
11644:
11504:
11353:
11286:
11135:
11093:
10967:
10925:
6531:
the "dagesh chazak" – orthographically indistinguishable from the "dagesh kal" – designates
1237:
dialects were largely indistinguishable before around 1000 BCE. An example of related early
22133:
21884:
21561:
21057:
20712:
20676:
20081:
20004:
19837:
19585:
19575:
19414:
19397:
18713:
18342:
18262:
17991:
12428:
Click "show" to view extended table including examples.
11385:
11318:
11209:
8711:
6909:
6898:
6887:
6865:
6850:
6300:
5801:
5739:
pronunciation is prevalent, many letters have the same pronunciation. They are as follows:
2667:
2312:
1238:
729:
410:
150:
80:
16992:
Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age
11536:
5682:
The guidelines specified by the Academy of the Hebrew Language prefer Resh with a geresh (
5651:
5633:
5618:
5490:
5436:
5373:
5353:
1801:), except for Hebrew words, which in Yiddish are written in their Hebrew spelling.
8:
22776:
22623:
22431:
20960:
20856:
20578:
20101:
18807:
18389:
18377:
18295:
18099:
17570:"Using the Pe–Ayin Order of the Abecedaries of Ancient Israel to Date the Book of Psalms"
16084:
portions of non-mystical rabbinic literature. In such aggada the letters are often given
15961:
15815: in initial position is not transliterated, the symbol for the glottal stop
15622:
14342:
12374:
transcription is specified whenever it uses a different symbol from the one used for the
12336:
11602:
10708:
9570:
is the system of dots that help determine vowels and consonants. In Hebrew, all forms of
8854:
8805:
8223:
8212:
8201:
8190:
8179:
7857:
6303:
4727:
3829:
2104:
1782:
1630:
1481:
1475:
1250:
1234:
1175:
1167:
1034:
742:
544:
494:
160:
19123:
12341:
The following table lists transliterations and transcriptions of Hebrew letters used in
11410:
10033:) underneath the letter and to the left of the vowel point, the vowel is made long. The
6195:
were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called
22827:
22119:
22096:
21730:
21619:
21609:
21501:
21444:
21430:
21387:
21092:
20975:
20810:
20702:
20661:
20615:
20610:
20505:
20487:
20155:
20086:
20051:
19999:
19812:
19800:
19211:
19133:
19034:
18589:
18463:
18404:
18399:
18277:
17597:
17268:
16974:
Pardee, Dennis. "A Brief Case for the Language of the 'Gezer Calendar' as Phoenician".
16807:
16415:
16365:
16115:
11234:
10999:
10873:
10831:
10133:
9271:
6322:
3751:
2476:
1829:
1828:
or when teaching the language to children. The Tiberian system also includes a set of
1625:
1327:
1273:
1045:
773:
683:
438:
225:
215:
120:
21352:
21010:
12271:
The numbers 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 are commonly represented by the juxtapositions
11718:
11676:
11452:
11378:
11311:
11202:
10747:
1326:), while the Samaritans continued to use a form of the paleo-Hebrew script called the
22242:
22235:
21971:
21957:
21869:
21758:
21668:
21647:
21626:
21554:
21486:
21345:
21303:
21255:
20990:
20980:
20625:
20620:
20525:
20520:
20427:
20382:
20205:
20185:
20175:
20165:
20160:
20096:
20091:
20019:
19954:
19939:
19889:
19884:
19827:
19763:
19721:
19563:
19449:
19372:
18888:
18883:
18760:
18455:
18352:
18285:
18250:
18199:
17658:
17628:
17601:
17589:
17554:
17375:
17134:
16996:
16907:
16811:
16799:
16706:
16676:
16440:
16405:
16347:
16089:
16021:
11840:
11760:
11634:
11529:
11125:
11083:
11041:
10957:
10789:
10603:
9995:
9262:
6421:
6356:
5723:
recitation, though its visual appearance and function are different in that context.
5366:
2367:
1863:
1775:
1620:
1307:
1030:
855:
723:
469:
17078:
17076:
10915:
1140:, which is when certain consonants are used to indicate vowels. There is a trend in
22791:
22376:
22314:
22207:
22168:
22154:
22112:
21987:
21933:
21914:
21848:
21840:
21826:
21819:
21744:
21540:
21515:
21451:
21423:
21338:
21324:
21241:
21214:
21151:
21062:
20965:
20787:
20630:
20257:
20237:
20227:
20222:
20106:
19862:
19795:
19783:
19748:
19743:
19726:
19665:
19630:
19590:
19392:
19387:
19335:
19286:
19170:
19104:
19044:
18994:
18939:
18856:
18834:
18819:
18765:
18755:
18689:
18503:
17908:
17876:
17843:
17680:
17581:
16791:
16763:
16521:, respectively, at the beginning of a word, while they will have the sole value of
16491:
16092:(a parable intended to discourage speculation about the universe before creation):
16017:
15943:
11554:
11403:
10722:
6565:
6535:, which today is realized only rarely – e.g. in biblical recitations or when using
6417:
6349:
6204:
5695:
is also used to denote an abbreviation consisting of a single Hebrew letter, while
4995:
2428:
2332:
1891:
1785:, vowels are indicated, using certain letters, either with niqqud diacritics (e.g.
1333:
The square Hebrew alphabet was later adapted and used for writing languages of the
1315:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1156:
1049:
1026:
1018:
998:
874:
785:
759:
747:
717:
689:
675:
564:
556:
243:
192:
165:
132:
124:
29:
25:
22214:
21409:
21035:
20686:
20056:
17723:
16346:
Hebrew block extends from U+0590 to U+05FF and from U+FB1D to U+FB4F. It includes
11227:
10992:
10866:
10824:
22796:
22200:
21892:
21833:
21779:
21772:
21751:
21737:
21721:
21699:
21654:
21547:
21522:
21494:
21479:
21402:
21380:
21373:
21331:
21291:
21262:
20950:
20920:
20743:
20666:
20432:
20362:
20267:
20215:
20195:
20131:
20121:
20111:
20076:
20041:
20036:
20031:
19944:
19899:
19894:
19778:
19773:
19620:
19610:
19464:
19429:
19424:
19404:
19298:
19256:
19196:
19079:
19049:
18959:
18919:
18861:
18795:
18775:
18706:
18694:
18450:
18414:
18320:
18256:
18234:
17913:
17903:
17881:
17855:
17850:
17838:
17793:
17779:
17742:
17641:
17548:
17357:
17073:
16951:
16933:
16795:
16487:
16420:
16329:
16158:
16085:
16066:
16040:
15942:
Although the Bible does include a single occurrence of a final pe with a dagesh (
12324:
11882:
11875:
11711:
11669:
11445:
10740:
10631:
10282:
10098:
10038:
9605:
9293:
6598:
6593:
6588:
5843:
5320:
5112:
5010:
4977:
4954:
4807:
4793:
4557:
2447:
2437:
2384:
1894:. These are shown below the normal form in the following table (letter names are
1887:
1875:
1753:
1677:
1656:
1604:
1547:
1338:
1334:
1246:
1136:
1091:
1022:
994:
955:
849:
843:
837:
711:
695:
666:
447:
248:
233:
220:
108:
20397:
19580:
17054:
17052:
17050:
17048:
11753:
11627:
11336:
11269:
11160:
11118:
11076:
11034:
10950:
10782:
1148:
to indicate vowels that have traditionally gone unwritten, a practice known as "
924:
481:
22337:
22221:
22105:
22085:
21994:
21862:
21793:
21692:
21640:
21633:
21465:
21458:
21437:
21416:
21317:
21310:
21117:
21072:
21000:
20995:
20846:
20830:
20805:
20748:
20738:
20733:
20573:
20447:
20407:
20377:
20323:
20318:
20313:
20287:
20262:
20210:
20150:
20116:
20066:
20014:
19979:
19934:
19904:
19857:
19817:
19716:
19670:
19625:
19543:
19479:
19434:
19419:
19382:
19362:
19330:
19318:
19266:
19261:
19251:
19241:
19236:
19153:
19138:
19128:
19094:
19084:
19029:
19014:
18979:
18829:
18733:
18681:
18571:
18267:
17986:
17976:
17891:
17886:
17705:
17620:
17111:
A. Dotan. “The Alphabet Inscription of 'Izbet Ṣarṭah / כתובת הא"ב מעזבת צרטה.”
17059:
16410:
16400:
16313:
16217:
notation marks the ordered sequence of all distinct infinite cardinal numbers.
15792:
11844:
11487:
10908:
10694:
10623:
10224:
10191:
10086:
9593:
6560:
6432:
6277:
5716:
4958:
4770:, and does not affect the name of the letter. The differences are as follows:
2316:
1883:
1583:
1568:
1319:
1242:
1220:
1212:
1068:
1006:
779:
767:
701:
617:
591:
584:
460:
318:
311:
22399:
20547:
17133:(in German). Darmstadt: WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft). p. 62.
16863:
only in that the Books may be written in any language, while phylacteries and
15968:", even when in final word position, which occurs with loanwords (e.g.
4949:
In other dialects (mainly liturgical) there are variations from this pattern.
1306:, another offshoot of the same family of scripts, which flourished during the
1078:. Five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is
22811:
22667:
22344:
22193:
22126:
22049:
22019:
21877:
21855:
21786:
21682:
21661:
21508:
21366:
21284:
21277:
21248:
21207:
21122:
21112:
21107:
20894:
20588:
20247:
20190:
19842:
19615:
19499:
19454:
19409:
19377:
19226:
19143:
19116:
19089:
19019:
19004:
18989:
18944:
18701:
18119:
17860:
17593:
17585:
17408:
17045:
16803:
16634:
16162:
16111:
16055:
16032:
12342:
10158:
10042:
6507:
6462:
5814:
4529:. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a
4509:
4269:
2415:
2134:
1913:
1767:
1709:. It has 22 letters, five of which use different forms at the end of a word.
1511:
1149:
1141:
1014:
912:
803:
302:
116:
19163:
17732:– For typing Hebrew with an English keyboard (Hebrew keyboard|Hebrew layout)
17313:
22590:
22502:
22458:
21800:
21765:
21706:
21193:
20955:
20851:
20764:
20656:
20557:
20367:
20180:
20145:
20126:
20061:
19949:
19711:
19635:
19444:
19439:
19350:
19345:
19281:
19221:
19201:
19158:
19148:
19099:
18984:
18964:
18954:
18802:
18780:
18738:
18536:
18394:
18310:
18242:
18084:
18044:
18024:
17971:
17710:
16430:
16214:
15808:
15802:
15462:
15407:
14686:
14648:
14036:
13946:
12647:
12581:
10701:
10627:
10268:
9258:
6636:
5835:
5489:
5435:
3735:
3591:
2934:
2557:
2484:
2315:, whose first four chapters are ordered as alphabetical acrostics. In the
2081:
1945:
1847:
1737:
1573:
1457:
1451:
1391:
1367:
1216:
1207:
1163:
1115:
1087:
815:
609:
603:
550:
533:
20009:
17425:
16976:
Linguistic Studies in Phoenician, ed. Robert D. Holmstedt and Aaron Schade
16387:
layout, the Hebrew layout was derived from the order of letters on Hebrew
16157:, pronounced aleph-naught, aleph-zero, or aleph-null, is used to mark the
16031:
The idea of the letters' creative power finds its greatest vehicle in the
1862:
Unlike the Paleo-Hebrew writing script, the modern Hebrew script has five
1201:
623:
22491:
22383:
22147:
22078:
21359:
21050:
20910:
20671:
20515:
20372:
20277:
20046:
19974:
19959:
19867:
19660:
19570:
19469:
19459:
19313:
19276:
19231:
19216:
19191:
19111:
19039:
19024:
18728:
18469:
18315:
18039:
17981:
17700:
17299:
17021:
16637:
16425:
16369:
16334:
16247:
16074:
16062:
9937:
9275:
6252:
at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as
4987:
In Yemenite Hebrew, and in the Iraqi pronunciation of the word "Adonai",
2873:
2255:
2251:
1936:
1729:
1385:
1122:
1075:
1053:
973:
597:
382:
16927:
The Calendar Tablet from Gezer, Adam L Bean, Emmanual School of Religion
16903:
The Early History of God: Yahweh and the other deities in ancient Israel
21040:
21015:
20583:
20026:
19516:
19511:
19367:
19308:
18949:
18359:
17116:
17099:
16435:
16388:
16127:
12417:
11915:
10687:
6532:
6197:
5736:
4669:
1867:
1552:
1311:
902:
885:
631:
16729:, Hebrew readers must therefore rely on former knowledge and context.
6446:
5352:
22351:
22330:
22323:
21102:
20939:
20635:
20602:
20437:
20328:
19877:
19605:
19521:
19246:
18334:
18305:
16606:
16251:
15823:
14608:
12517:
12385:
11905:
10595:
10583:
6359:
6253:
5449:
4999:
1718:
1702:
1195:
1186:
1083:
570:
268:
253:
21045:
18504:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
16383:
Standard Hebrew keyboards have a 101-key layout. Like the standard
6510:(in some forms of Hebrew it modifies also the sounds of the letters
1762:, was developed. In modern forms of the alphabet, as in the case of
1094:, during its centuries-long use scribes devised means of indicating
1056:(lit. "Assyrian script"), since its origins were alleged to be from
21067:
21030:
21025:
20905:
20866:
20707:
20466:
20351:
20242:
19984:
19872:
19822:
19693:
19206:
19009:
18969:
18750:
18743:
18594:
18409:
18001:
17822:
16718:
16070:
12408:
transliteration system of the Academy of the Hebrew Language; for "
11909:
11898:
11848:
10499:
10061:
10054:
6553:
6539:
6470:
5793:
5295:
2259:
1599:
1578:
918:
891:
426:
343:
21087:
17748:
16875:(ed. Herbert Danby), Oxford University Press: London 1977, p. 202.
21174:
20681:
20552:
20442:
20417:
20303:
20140:
19994:
19969:
19738:
19645:
19293:
18907:
18718:
16852:
16714:
16710:
16598:
16597:; similarly (though today very rare in Hebrew and common only in
16570:
16343:
16081:
15642:
15474:
15417:
15081:
14593:
14367:
14055:
13958:
13356:
12497:
12371:
12332:
11902:
11860:
10655:
6466:
6413:
6249:
5704:
5182:
5143:
4723:
4526:
2424:
1763:
1661:
1323:
1057:
1002:
284:
238:
128:
112:
16494:, except for three of the 22 letters, which have only one form.
15756:
In transliterations of modern Israeli Hebrew, initial and final
5617:
22601:
22568:
22175:
19919:
19731:
19650:
19595:
19303:
18974:
18300:
18209:
18204:
18189:
18184:
18134:
18089:
18074:
17513:. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing, Woodstock. 1990
17454:. Academy of the Hebrew Language. November 2006. Archived from
16945:"Is it "Tenable"?", Hershel Shanks, Biblical Archaeology Review
16565:
16384:
16377:
16360:
16025:
15949:אַל-תּוֹסְףְּ עַל-דְּבָרָיו: פֶּן-יוֹכִיחַ בְּךָ וְנִכְזָבְתָּ.
15826:
12292:
11924:
9989:
9983:
9931:
9894:
9844:
9793:
9787:
9755:
9749:
9717:
9661:
9623:
9566:
6536:
6482:
6478:
5732:
5086:
5027:
4663:
3682:
3443:
2089:
1825:
1759:
1463:
1433:
1346:
1272:
by scholars, began to emerge around 800 BCE. An example is the
1191:
1100:
576:
522:
516:
368:
98:
47:
10230:
10197:
10164:
10116:
5686:); however, this guideline is not universally followed
1286:
The paleo-Hebrew alphabet was used in the ancient kingdoms of
1245:
over which scholars are divided as to whether its language is
24:. For the descendant script of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, see
22634:
22513:
22480:
22469:
22447:
20542:
20537:
20387:
20170:
20071:
19758:
18669:
18445:
18290:
18194:
18179:
18174:
18169:
18104:
18049:
18034:
18029:
18019:
16457:"Alef-bet" is commonly written in Israeli Hebrew without the
16044:
13903:
10679:
10607:
10029:
10022:
9876:
9838:
9711:
9655:
9617:
6831:
5720:
4497:
4480:
By analogy with the other dotted/dotless pairs, dotless tav,
4058:
2991:
2766:
2674:
2491:
2112:
2066:
1953:
1928:
1921:
1905:
1821:
1771:
1721:
1698:
1542:
1524:
1493:
1487:
1397:
1379:
1373:
1361:
1129:
1095:
990:
829:
823:
59:
17009:
11885:, denoting grades of school in Israel, other listings (e.g.
6473:. The apostrophe-looking symbol after some letters is not a
6465:
of the Hebrew letters in reconstructed historical forms and
2325:
ordering, and the second, third and fourth chapters exhibit
2254:
indicate a slightly different ordering of the alphabet. The
1846:
are absent; however, patterns of how words are derived from
22656:
22645:
22612:
22557:
22546:
22535:
22524:
21020:
20915:
18219:
18164:
18114:
18109:
18094:
18069:
18064:
18059:
18054:
16602:
16050:
15918:
11856:
11829:
10110:
9684:
6474:
6237:
6231:
6219:
6213:
5021:
4218:
4157:
3758:
3222:
3161:
3104:
3047:
2126:
2119:
2096:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1745:
1505:
1499:
1469:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1299:
1178:(including Hebrew, Moabite, Phoenician, Punic, et cetera).
1108:
1082:. Originally, the alphabet was an abjad consisting only of
1064:
17033:
15565:
15016:
14804:
14232:
13254:
12869:
12410:
12257:
12244:
12229:
12216:
12201:
12188:
12173:
12160:
12145:
12132:
12117:
12104:
12091:
12076:
12063:
12050:
12035:
12022:
12009:
11994:
11981:
11968:
10012:) is used since it can only be represented by that letter.
9244:
9171:
9076:
8981:
8886:
8774:
8659:
8586:
8491:
8396:
8337:
8328:
8233:
8138:
8043:
7955:
7867:
7702:
7607:
7538:
7457:
7273:
7185:
7132:
7066:
6985:
6919:
6750:
6655:
6646:
6525:
6519:
6513:
6500:
6494:
6488:
4541:-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and the
1717:
In the traditional form, vowels are indicated by the weak
22678:
22676:
22665:
22654:
22643:
22632:
22621:
22610:
22599:
22588:
22579:
22577:
22566:
22555:
22544:
22533:
22522:
22511:
22500:
22489:
22478:
22467:
22456:
22445:
18124:
18079:
17644:
In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language.
17480:
Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Pesach 87b, Avodah Zarah 18a.
11584:
11578:
11427:
10890:
10848:
9999:
have different functions, even though they look the same.
6216:
4378:
3500:
2142:
2073:
1517:
1445:
1439:
17195:
16665:
15760: (in regular transliteration), silent or initial
12388:
transcription is specified whenever it differs from IPA
11251:
11016:
10764:
2266:
each contain a number of reverse letter orders; such as
17654:
A Catholic Introduction to the Bible: The Old Testament
17159:
16686: (also two vavs but together as one character).
11735:
11693:
11651:
11469:
11184:
11100:
11058:
10806:
6412:
by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of
6272:
may have also been a "doubled" letter, making the list
12314:
11777:
11511:
11360:
11293:
11142:
10974:
10932:
4647:, which in biblical-Judaic-Hebrew corresponded to the
4642:
1044:, has been largely preserved in a variant form as the
17096:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
17083:
Unicode names of Hebrew characters at fileformat.info
16648:
at the end of a word is denoted by the regular form "
16287:
16260:
16226:
16193:
16171:
16136:
9955:
The circle represents whatever Hebrew letter is used.
6234:
6228:
6207:
5811:
In initial, final, or sometimes medial word position:
1190:
Paleo-Hebrew alphabet containing 22 letters, period,
1074:
The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have
16689:
The Academy of the Hebrew Language states that both
16459:
15833:" – is used with some other letters as well (
6456:
6240:
6222:
6210:
2336:
2326:
2320:
2306:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2250:
As far back as the 13th century BCE, ancient Hebrew
1837:
1098:
sounds by separate vowel points, known in Hebrew as
966:
342:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
17147:
16028:illustrate the idea that they cannot be destroyed.
6225:
1697:In the traditional form, the Hebrew alphabet is an
16605:placed above the letter unambiguously denotes the
16300:
16273:
16239:
16206:
16179:
16149:
10571:in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation
10552:in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation
6420:, this phoneme is known to have originally been a
1105:In both biblical and rabbinic Hebrew, the letters
17346:
17344:
17342:
17340:
17338:
17336:
17334:
17332:
17330:
17183:
17171:
16988:
16080:In addition, the letters occasionally feature in
11927:, with Hebrew numerals in counterclockwise order.
9180:
9085:
8990:
8895:
8783:
8668:
8595:
8500:
8405:
8346:
8242:
8147:
8052:
7964:
7876:
7781:
7711:
7616:
7547:
7466:
7378:
7330:
7282:
7194:
7141:
7075:
6994:
6928:
6840:
6759:
6664:
6604:
5526:Unlike the other sounds in this table, the sound
4545:-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.
4484:, would be expected to be pronounced /θ/ (
22809:
17372:Chapters in Phonetics and Phonetic Transcription
17351:Transliteration guidelines preceding 2006-update
1812:, literally "points"). One of these, the
1298:of the Kingdom of Judah in the 6th century BCE,
356:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
22429:
18525:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
17612:Pe before Ayin in Biblical Pre-Exilic Acrostics
17298:" is rare but exists, e.g. last word in
16859:1:8): "The Books differ from phylacteries and
16187:, the set of all integers. More generally, the
10273:(phonetically not manifested in Israeli Hebrew)
6186:
1170:, both being slight regional variations of the
17706:Official Unicode standards document for Hebrew
17671:
17327:
17039:
17027:
17015:
16743:Possibly rooted from Ancient Egyptian ḏ or dj.
16380:compatible with the majority of web browsers.
15799: always represents the same consonant:
6485:kal", also modifies the sounds of the letters
22415:
21159:
18552:
17764:
17506:
17504:
16906:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 20.
16497:In forms of Hebrew older than Modern Hebrew,
1778:with the weak letters acting as true vowels.
1774:may be indicated. Today, the trend is toward
1322:(and which in turn had been adopted from the
1052:and was technically known by Jewish sages as
18566:
17676:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
17650:
17314:
17303:
17290:
17288:
17286:
17284:
17201:
16982:
16666:table of transliterations and transcriptions
16569:may be inserted to unambiguously denote the
16551:
16538:
16478:
16472:
16466:
15993:
15981:
15969:
15947:
15931:
15922:
15786:
15780:
15774:
14498:
14456:
14406:
14314:
14272:
14220:
14168:
14128:
14088:
13998:
13895:
13848:
13808:
13768:
13728:
13659:
13619:
13539:
13490:
13433:
13386:
13294:
13242:
13202:
13145:
13105:
13063:
13014:
12969:
12909:
12857:
12802:
12762:
12722:
12678:
12609:
12549:
12415:
11892:
11886:
11869:
11834:
5675:
5669:
5661:
5643:
5518:
5509:
5461:
5391:
5383:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
17726:– Virtual & Interactive Hebrew Keyboard
17443:
17441:
17439:
17437:
17435:
16717:/u/ or /o/. To pronounce foreign words and
12414:" SBL uses "ṣ" (≠ AHL "ẓ"), and for
12400:transliteration system, recommended in its
5080:, non-standardly sometimes transliterated ⟨
5017:without dagesh is pronounced as in "thick"
4991:without dagesh is pronounced as in "these"
1174:used in ancient times to write the various
22422:
22408:
21166:
21152:
18559:
18545:
17771:
17757:
17713:—including Hebrew letters, sorted by shape
17651:Pitre, Brant J.; Bergsma, John S. (2018).
17574:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
17501:
17128:
16781:
15874:" are sometimes used to represent
11843:is no longer regularly used in Hebrew. In
10610:, printed above the accented letter, e.g.
9578:, but many more written symbols for them:
5726:
5006:without dagesh is pronounced as in "silk"
2364:International Phonetic Alphabet for Hebrew
85:
17619:
17281:
17251:
17165:
17129:Renz, Johannes; Röllig, Wolfgang (2016).
16995:. Society of Biblical Lit. pp. 30–.
16173:
10602:. Gershayim is also the name of a
17489:Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot 55c
17471:Jerusalem Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin 21b
17432:
17115:, vol. 16 (טז), 1982, pp. 62–69. JSTOR,
16775:
16652:", as opposed to the final form "
16333:
16326:Unicode and HTML for the Hebrew alphabet
16105:Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Hagigah, 77c
16049:
11914:
5820:
5781:
5755:
5735:'s general population, especially where
5022:Sounds represented with diacritic geresh
1241:from the area include the tenth-century
1200:
1185:
17374:. Jerusalem: Magnes. pp. 207–211.
15906:appears in Hebrew slang and loanwords.
5013:, and formerly in some other dialects,
4738:), while the soft sounds lack a
2462:Approximate western European equivalent
387:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
22810:
17546:
17369:
17153:
17131:Handbuch der althebräischen Epigraphik
12360:transliteration that differs from the
2319:, the first chapter has the now-usual
1752:) serving as vowel letters, or
971:), known variously by scholars as the
503:
22403:
22303:American Printing House for the Blind
22079:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
21731:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
21147:
20937:
20892:
20785:
20464:
20349:
19691:
18905:
18667:
18650:
18540:
17752:
17736:Prize Find: Oldest Hebrew Inscription
17608:
17567:
17360:, p. 3 Academy of the Hebrew Language
17215:Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation.
17189:
17177:
16899:
16884:
16675: (two separate vavs), used in
10617:
6384:) was originally different from both
5788:Usually when in medial word position:
5768:
5304:Transliteration of non-native sounds
1090:". As with other abjads, such as the
1063:Various "styles" (in current terms, "
20786:
17646:New York: New York University Press.
17117:http://www.jstor.org/stable/23619530
17100:http://www.jstor.org/stable/25066976
15857:), but only to transliterate
10059:By adding two vertical dots (called
6440:voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
6426:voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
4965:without dagesh is pronounced , like
4649:voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
4521:are represented by the same letter,
346:. For the distinction between ,
21173:
17778:
17418:
17320:. There is a single occurrence of "
17315:
17304:
16552:
16539:
16479:
16473:
16467:
16319:
16121:
15994:
15982:
15970:
15948:
15932:
15923:
15787:
15781:
15775:
14499:
14457:
14407:
14315:
14273:
14221:
14169:
14129:
14089:
13999:
13896:
13849:
13809:
13769:
13729:
13660:
13620:
13540:
13491:
13434:
13387:
13295:
13243:
13203:
13146:
13106:
13064:
13015:
12970:
12910:
12858:
12803:
12763:
12723:
12679:
12610:
12550:
12416:
12315:Transliterations and transcriptions
11912:, and often in religious contexts.
11897:– "phase a, phase b"), commonly in
11893:
11887:
11835:
10257:
9287:
6336:represented the emphatic consonant
5707:pronounced as a string of letters;
5676:
5670:
5662:
5644:
5519:
5510:
5462:
5392:
5384:
1879:
959:
13:
20893:
17098:, no. 344, 2006, pp. 5–46. JSTOR,
16973:
16790:(2). Informa UK Limited: 190–214.
16679:, is to be distinguished from the
16447:Significance of numbers of Judaism
16262:
16250:notation is used for the iterated
16195:
16138:
11786:
10027:By adding a vertical line (called
4746:only changes the pronunciation of
1033:and which itself derives from the
993:script used in the writing of the
14:
22864:
17689:
17228:"The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet)"
16477:, as opposed to with the hyphen,
16207:{\displaystyle \aleph _{\alpha }}
15964:in its regular, not final, form "
12404:, differs slightly from the 2006
12378:standard Israeli transliteration.
10132:
9906:isolated vowel written on its own
9888:isolated vowel written on its own
6461:The following table contains the
6457:Regional and historical variation
5401:Also used for English voiced "th"
4742:. In modern Hebrew, however, the
3809:. When ʕ, no English equivalent.
17674:A History of the Hebrew Language
17525:
16338:An example of a Hebrew keyboard.
16240:{\displaystyle \beth _{\alpha }}
16007:
11776:
11769:
11759:
11752:
11734:
11727:
11717:
11710:
11692:
11685:
11675:
11668:
11650:
11643:
11633:
11626:
11608:
11601:
11583:
11577:
11570:
11560:
11553:
11535:
11528:
11510:
11503:
11493:
11486:
11468:
11461:
11451:
11444:
11426:
11419:
11409:
11402:
11384:
11377:
11359:
11352:
11342:
11335:
11317:
11310:
11292:
11285:
11275:
11268:
11250:
11243:
11233:
11226:
11208:
11201:
11183:
11176:
11166:
11159:
11141:
11134:
11124:
11117:
11099:
11092:
11082:
11075:
11057:
11050:
11040:
11033:
11015:
11008:
10998:
10991:
10973:
10966:
10956:
10949:
10931:
10924:
10914:
10907:
10889:
10882:
10872:
10865:
10847:
10840:
10830:
10823:
10805:
10798:
10788:
10781:
10763:
10756:
10746:
10739:
10229:
10196:
10163:
10115:
9936:
9843:
9792:
9754:
9716:
9660:
9622:
6203:
2344:
2264:inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud
367:
46:
22823:1st-millennium BC introductions
20938:
17683:History of the Hebrew Language.
17657:. Ignatius Press. p. 280.
17627:. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
17553:. Westminster John Knox Press.
17519:
17492:
17483:
17474:
17465:
17402:
17396:"Hebrew lessons for Christians"
17388:
17363:
17245:
17220:
17207:
17122:
17105:
17088:
16967:
16956:
16737:
16656:", which always denotes
16061:Another book, the 13th-century
12291: respectively. Adding a
9560:
6471:International Phonetic Alphabet
4722:each had two sounds: one hard (
4503:
417:
389: instead of Hebrew letters.
338:International Phonetic Alphabet
16:Alphabet of the Hebrew language
18632:Languages by writing system /
17672:Saénz-Badillos, Angel (1993).
17261:Phonologies of Asia and Africa
16938:
16920:
16893:
16878:
16837:
16827:
16818:
16756:
16316:is used in cardinal notation.
12354:Academy of the Hebrew Language
10636:History of the Hebrew alphabet
10566:is usually promoted to a long
10547:is usually promoted to a long
10511:the vowel is made very short.
4984:without dagesh is pronounced .
4525:, but are two separate
1352:
1229:History of the Hebrew alphabet
1029:, which flourished during the
72:2nd–1st century BCE to present
1:
22843:Right-to-left writing systems
22071:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
22027:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
20465:
20350:
19692:
17568:First, Mitchell (June 2014).
17273:: CS1 maint: date and year (
16750:
15742:
15734:
15079:
14539:
14531:
14390:
13971:
13369:
13354:
12307: represents 5000, and
10497:By adding two vertical dots (
9968:– with or without the letter
9944:vowel written below consonant
9851:vowel written above consonant
9800:vowel written below consonant
9762:vowel written below consonant
9724:vowel written below consonant
9668:vowel written below consonant
9630:vowel written below consonant
4674:Historically, the consonants
2349:
1824:books intended for study, in
1277:
894:
877:
864:
732:
525:
484:
322:Alphabetic Presentation Forms
22677:
22666:
22655:
22644:
22633:
22622:
22611:
22600:
22589:
22578:
22567:
22556:
22545:
22534:
22523:
22512:
22501:
22490:
22479:
22468:
22457:
22446:
22282:National Braille Association
22261:Braille Institute of America
21979:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
18906:
17717:
17694:
17449:"Transliteration guidelines"
17232:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
16869:in the Assyrian writing only
16847:21b–22a); Jerusalem Talmud (
16796:10.1080/17586801.2013.868334
16374:Numeric Character References
16310:cardinality of the continuum
16180:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }
11847:and some other older texts,
11820:
11801:
10577:
10490:
10455:
10420:
10381:
10342:
10303:
10266:
9539:
9507:
9493:
9459:
9428:
9401:
6187:Ancient Hebrew pronunciation
6145:
6132:
6120:
6086:
6073:
6060:
6049:
6046:
6021:
6010:
6007:
5978:
5967:
5964:
5940:
5929:
5926:
5894:
5883:
5880:
5851:
5832:
5829:
5809:
5786:
5615:
5587:
5578:
5487:
5472:
5469:
5418:
5415:
5350:
5335:
5332:
5241:
5236:
5202:
5199:
5163:
5160:
5124:
5121:
4927:
4909:
4884:
4864:
4839:
4821:
4643:
1086:, but is now considered an "
331: This article contains
7:
22162:Refreshable braille display
22141:Optical braille recognition
21738:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
21270:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
20413:New Epoch Notation Painting
17745:Biblical Archaeology Review
17324:", see this comment.
17252:Rendsburg, Gary A. (1997).
16460:
16443:("spelling lacking niqqud")
16394:
16356:combining diacritical marks
16274:{\displaystyle \aleph _{0}}
16150:{\displaystyle \aleph _{0}}
12329:Biblical Hebrew orthography
9282:
5800:(separation of vowels in a
5652:
5634:
5619:
5491:
5437:
5374:
5354:
5096:Hebrew slang and loanwords
2337:
2327:
2321:
2311:can be clearly seen in the
2307:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
1857:
1838:
1025:. It is an offshoot of the
967:
501:
10:
22869:
22229:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
18668:
17814:Transliteration to English
17550:Lamentations: A Commentary
17415:, Paris: Editions du CNRS.
17259:. In Kaye, Alan S. (ed.).
17254:"Ancient Hebrew Phonology"
16989:Chris A. Rollston (2010).
16950:December 25, 2010, at the
16887:Ancient Israelite Religion
16323:
16301:{\displaystyle \beth _{1}}
16220:Less frequently used, the
14600:
14585:
14569:
14553:
12509:
12489:
12468:
12447:
12427:
12318:
11873:
10621:
10581:
10052:
10020:
9291:
5025:
4667:
4661:
4507:
4486:voiceless dental fricative
2353:
1900:
1793:) or without (e.g.
1707:written from right to left
1692:
1302:began using a form of the
1253:and whether the script is
1226:
1181:
1080:written from right to left
18:
22760:
22438:
22361:
22312:
22252:
22185:
22095:
22041:
22004:
21965:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
21944:
21925:
21906:
21811:
21717:
21678:
21605:
21532:
21231:
21224:
21185:
21143:
20946:
20933:
20901:
20888:
20839:
20798:
20794:
20781:
20757:
20721:
20695:
20644:
20601:
20566:
20486:
20479:Chinese family of scripts
20477:
20473:
20460:
20358:
20345:
20296:
19704:
19700:
19687:
19549:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
19536:
19184:
18927:
18918:
18914:
18901:
18676:
18663:
18659:
18651:
18646:
18634:by first written accounts
18603:
18582:
18578:
18488:
18423:
18368:
18333:
18276:
18233:
18133:
18010:
17964:
17948:
17941:
17869:
17831:
17786:
17413:Ecriture et civilisations
17321:
17309:
17295:
16683:
16672:
16653:
16649:
16626:
16618:
16610:
16590:
16582:
16574:
16509: can only be read
16506:
16502:
16498:
15965:
15960:is always represented by
15871:
15867:
15854:
15850:
15846:
15842:
15838:
15834:
15830:
15812:
15796:
15765:
15761:
15757:
15736:
15730:
15728:
15722:
15716:
15696:
15669:
15617:
15615:
15612:
15606:
15604:
15586:
15558:
15531:
15512:
15493:
15454:
15449:
15436:
15434:
15391:
15384:
15371:
15369:
15352:
15333:
15314:
15295:
15251:
15232:
15177:
15151:
15120:
15100:
15046:
15043:
15037:
15035:
15009:
14990:
14954:
14935:
14910:
14882:
14858:
14845:
14839:
14837:
14831:
14825:
14797:
14784:
14778:
14776:
14770:
14764:
14745:
14726:
14698:
14658:
14619:
14533:
14527:
14525:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14512:
14509:
14504:
14497:
14491:
14449:
14399:
14337:
14335:
14333:
14331:
14328:
14325:
14320:
14313:
14307:
14305:
14265:
14213:
14161:
14121:
14081:
14026:
14021:
14014:
14009:
14004:
13997:
13984:
13982:
13924:
13919:
13916:
13909:
13901:
13894:
13881:
13879:
13841:
13801:
13761:
13721:
13652:
13612:
13523:
13476:
13421:
13379:
13314:
13311:
13308:
13305:
13300:
13293:
13287:
13285:
13235:
13195:
13138:
13098:
13051:
13002:
12957:
12944:
12938:
12936:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12923:
12920:
12915:
12908:
12902:
12850:
12837:
12831:
12829:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12816:
12813:
12808:
12801:
12795:
12755:
12715:
12666:
12593:
12533:
12409:
12308:
12304:
12300:
12296:
12288:
12284:
12280:
12276:
12272:
12256:
12243:
12228:
12215:
12200:
12187:
12172:
12159:
12144:
12131:
12116:
12103:
12090:
12075:
12062:
12049:
12034:
12021:
12008:
11993:
11980:
11967:
11908:) in a practice known as
11870:Numeric values of letters
11851:consonants and sometimes
11821:
11813:
11802:
11576:
11569:
11566:
11509:
11502:
11499:
11358:
11351:
11348:
11291:
11284:
11281:
11182:
11175:
11172:
10671:
10668:
10665:
10660:
10649:
10611:
10599:
10589:
10561:
10556:
10542:
10537:
10520:
10515:
10505:
10496:
10491:
10463:
10457:
10428:
10422:
10395:
10389:
10383:
10356:
10350:
10344:
10317:
10311:
10305:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10267:
10085:
10082:
10079:
10005:
9921:
9918:
9909:
9899:
9881:
9866:
9863:
9854:
9592:
9589:
9586:
9583:
9542:
9526:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9508:
9495:
9481:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9460:
9430:
9403:
9346:
9342:
9338:
9334:
9322:
9314:
9306:
9298:
9243:
9181:
9170:
9113:
9091:
9086:
9075:
8991:
8980:
8896:
8885:
8784:
8773:
8669:
8658:
8596:
8585:
8501:
8490:
8406:
8395:
8347:
8336:
8327:
8243:
8232:
8148:
8137:
8053:
8042:
7965:
7954:
7877:
7866:
7782:
7773:
7713:
7701:
7617:
7606:
7548:
7537:
7467:
7456:
7379:
7370:
7331:
7322:
7283:
7272:
7195:
7184:
7142:
7131:
7076:
7065:
7011:
7000:
6995:
6984:
6929:
6918:
6857:
6846:
6841:
6830:
6760:
6749:
6665:
6654:
6645:
6605:
6582:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6552:
6549:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6499:
6493:
6487:
6405:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6365:
6341:
6329:
6314:
6292:
6284:
6265:
6154:
6134:
6122:
6095:
6075:
6062:
6035:
6033:
6023:
5997:
5995:
5980:
5954:
5952:
5942:
5909:
5907:
5896:
5870:
5868:
5853:
5770:
5757:
5744:
5683:
5626:
5600:
5589:
5555:
5535:
5517:
5498:
5473:
5444:
5419:
5405:
5361:
5336:
5324:
5303:
5281:
5250:
5243:
5229:
5203:
5192:
5164:
5153:
5125:
5116:
5095:
5081:
5069:
5065:
5061:
4928:
4910:
4885:
4866:
4840:
4822:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4735:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4657:
4603:
4573:
4522:
4489:
4481:
4443:
4428:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4363:
4326:
4311:
4274:
4268:
4254:
4223:
4203:
4162:
4142:
4110:
4104:
4092:
4063:
4057:
4048:
4043:
4002:
3987:
3946:
3931:
3890:
3875:
3834:
3828:
3814:
3763:
3727:
3689:
3667:
3639:
3633:
3621:
3596:
3590:
3581:
3576:
3548:
3542:
3530:
3505:
3499:
3490:
3485:
3448:
3428:
3391:
3368:
3331:
3316:
3279:
3264:
3227:
3221:
3207:
3166:
3146:
3109:
3089:
3052:
3039:
2996:
2976:
2939:
2919:
2878:
2858:
2831:
2816:
2785:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2751:
2724:
2716:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2659:
2618:
2603:
2562:
2556:
2542:
2496:
2468:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2356:Biblical Hebrew phonology
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1818:Aaron ben Moses ben Asher
1809:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1712:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1304:Imperial Aramaic alphabet
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1027:Imperial Aramaic alphabet
329:
300:
290:
283:
267:
262:
206:
183:
143:
138:
104:
94:
76:
66:
54:
45:
39:
22833:Assyrian (Ashuri) script
21952:Chinese semi-syllabaries
21215:Unicode braille patterns
21201:International uniformity
19656:Thomas Natural Shorthand
18497:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
17711:Unicode collation charts
17625:The Book of Lamentations
17609:First, Mitchell (2017).
17586:10.1177/0309089214536490
17535:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
17316:תנ״ך מנוקד, דברים פרק ז׳
17202:Pitre & Bergsma 2018
16784:Writing Systems Research
16452:
12311: represents 778.
10263:Vowel comparison table
10048:
10016:
5715:are also used to denote
2245:
2133:
2103:
2080:
1944:
1935:
1912:
1816:, eventually prevailed.
1266:Proto-Canaanite alphabet
1264:A Hebrew variant of the
1172:Proto-Canaanite alphabet
198:Square Maalouli alphabet
22432:Northwest Semitic abjad
22289:Blindness organizations
22268:Braille Without Borders
22057:Canadian currency marks
21679:Egyptian lineage family
20862:Southwest Paleohispanic
17642:Hoffman, Joel M. 2004.
17119:. Accessed 17 May 2024.
17102:. Accessed 17 May 2024.
16900:Smith, Mark S. (2002).
16769:Encyclopedia Britannica
16707:spelling without niqqud
16312:. Very occasionally, a
15992:) and some slang (e.g.
15980:), foreign names (e.g.
11919:The lower clock on the
11808:These are intended for
11748:
11745:
11706:
11703:
11664:
11661:
11622:
11619:
11597:
11594:
11549:
11546:
11524:
11521:
11482:
11479:
11440:
11437:
11398:
11395:
11373:
11370:
11331:
11328:
11306:
11303:
11264:
11261:
11222:
11219:
11197:
11194:
11155:
11152:
11113:
11110:
11071:
11068:
11029:
11026:
10987:
10984:
10945:
10942:
10903:
10900:
10861:
10858:
10819:
10816:
10777:
10774:
10735:
10732:
6355:. All these are common
5727:Identical pronunciation
5566:only dialectically but
5032:Hebraization of English
4494:voiced dental fricative
2360:Modern Hebrew phonology
1652:Hebraization of English
400:History of the alphabet
334:phonetic transcriptions
22838:Language and mysticism
21606:Russian lineage family
21006:Great Lakes Algonquian
19915:Greco-Iberian alphabet
19848:Gabelsberger shorthand
18791:Inscriptional Parthian
17547:Berlin, Adele (2004).
17370:Laufer, Asher (2008).
17063:(character code chart)
17030:, p. 61–62.
16932:March 2, 2011, at the
16732:Explanatory footnotes
16339:
16302:
16275:
16241:
16208:
16181:
16151:
16102:
16058:
12352:For some letters, the
12321:Romanization of Hebrew
11928:
11881:denoting dates in the
10606:in the reading of the
1647:Romanization of Hebrew
1343:Judeo-Arabic languages
1224:
1198:
989:, is traditionally an
792:Great Lakes Algonquian
375:This article contains
28:. For the insect, see
22853:Abjad writing systems
22370:Accessible publishing
22296:Schools for the blind
22275:Japan Braille Library
22064:Computer Braille Code
21718:Indian lineage family
21098:Old Persian cuneiform
19965:Carolingian minuscule
18771:Ancient North Arabian
16721:containing the sound
16337:
16303:
16281:. The second element
16276:
16242:
16209:
16182:
16152:
16095:
16053:
16014:rabbinical literature
15952:"), in modern Hebrew
11918:
10622:Further information:
9960:The pronunciation of
9270:sometimes said to be
6431:(the sound of modern
5703:) are used to denote
4508:Further information:
4488:), and dotless dalet
1318:that was used by the
1270:paleo-Hebrew alphabet
1204:
1189:
1134:can also function as
1042:paleo-Hebrew alphabet
476:Ancient South Arabian
279:, Hebrew
156:Proto-Sinaitic script
22:Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
22134:Mountbatten Brailler
21489:(largely reassigned)
21272:(largely reassigned)
20821:Southeastern Iberian
20816:Northeastern Iberian
18714:Egyptian hieroglyphs
18518:Strong's Concordance
17809:Ancient inscriptions
17305:דברים פרק ז׳ פסוק א׳
17067:The Unicode Standard
16285:
16258:
16224:
16191:
16169:
16134:
15764:, and silent
15188:/ei/ diphthong)
13534:/ei/ diphthong)
10940:Vav (Unicode) / Waw
10594: is called a
5751:Pronunciation (IPA)
5333:Dalet with a geresh
5200:Tsadi with a geresh
5161:Zayin with a geresh
5122:Gimel with a geresh
2313:Book of Lamentations
1239:Semitic inscriptions
411:Egyptian hieroglyphs
151:Egyptian hieroglyphs
81:Right-to-left script
22086:Nemeth braille code
21872:(reassigned vowels)
21397:(extended to 8-dot)
20971:Canadian Aboriginal
20857:Khitan small script
20579:Khitan large script
19769:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
18511:Brown–Driver–Briggs
17701:How to draw letters
17511:The Book of Letters
17040:Saénz-Badillos 1993
17028:Saénz-Badillos 1993
17016:Saénz-Badillos 1993
16843:Babylonian Talmud (
16075:repair the universe
15378:in initial or final
13888:in initial or final
12337:Yiddish orthography
10264:
6129:Tsadi (with geresh)
5585:Resh with a geresh
5470:Chet with a geresh
5408: is written.
5276:ánta (boastful act)
4249:r as in French "r"
1766:and to some extent
1701:consisting only of
1523: •
1176:Canaanite languages
1168:Phoenician alphabet
1144:towards the use of
1035:Phoenician alphabet
1021:, especially among
638:Canadian Aboriginal
161:Phoenician alphabet
22120:Braille translator
22097:Braille technology
22073:(science; GS8/GS6)
22042:Symbols in braille
21972:Taiwanese Mandarin
21487:Taiwanese Mandarin
21093:Nwagu Aneke script
20645:Other logosyllabic
20567:Chinese-influenced
20506:Oracle bone script
20488:Chinese characters
20423:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
19813:Eclectic shorthand
19801:Duployan shorthand
19754:Caucasian Albanian
19554:Canadian syllabics
18590:History of writing
18360:Law of attenuation
17870:Reading traditions
17741:2012-02-29 at the
17681:Steinberg, David.
17356:2011-11-16 at the
17263:. pp. 70, 73.
16978:. Winona Lake: 43.
16416:Hebrew punctuation
16366:cantillation marks
16340:
16298:
16271:
16237:
16204:
16177:
16147:
16116:Yisrael Meir Kagan
16059:
15186:(/e/ vowel or
15184:part of tsere male
15158:part of hirik male
13532:(/e/ vowel or
13530:part of tsere male
13483:part of hirik male
11929:
10618:Stylistic variants
10262:
6583:Arabic equivalent
6424:, most likely the
6323:emphatic consonant
5579:Ayin with a geresh
5416:Tav with a geresh
1866:that have special
1830:cantillation marks
1328:Samaritan alphabet
1274:Siloam inscription
1225:
1211:, a tenth century
1199:
1046:Samaritan alphabet
862:Caucasian Albanian
22805:
22804:
22755:
22754:
22397:
22396:
22393:
22392:
22315:tactile alphabets
22243:William Bell Wait
22236:Sabriye Tenberken
22037:
22036:
21902:
21901:
21887:(Japanese vowels)
21685:-mediated scripts
21612:-mediated scripts
21139:
21138:
21135:
21134:
21131:
21130:
20991:Ditema tsa Dinoko
20929:
20928:
20884:
20883:
20880:
20879:
20777:
20776:
20773:
20772:
20597:
20596:
20456:
20455:
20341:
20340:
20337:
20336:
19683:
19682:
19679:
19678:
19532:
19531:
18897:
18896:
18884:Teeline Shorthand
18642:
18641:
18534:
18533:
18390:Verbal morphology
18329:
18328:
17847:
17664:978-1-58617-722-5
17381:978-965-493-401-5
17140:978-3-534-26789-7
17002:978-1-58983-107-0
16913:978-0-8028-3972-5
16550:(= "physicist"),
16441:Ktiv hasar niqqud
16406:Hebrew diacritics
16090:Babylonian Talmud
16054:The four-pronged
15795:", ), the letter
15785:("mother", ) and
15747:
15746:
15656:
15645:
15629:
15477:
15447:
15420:
15404:
15389:
15382:
15273:
15223:
15208:
15190:
15162:
15129:
15084:
15059:
14977:
14919:
14898:
14891:
14867:
14714:
14707:
14671:
14639:
14632:
14613:
14598:
14583:
14567:
14551:
14544:
14543:
14507:
14465:
14415:
14393:
14381:
14370:
14361:
14349:
14323:
14281:
14229:
14177:
14137:
14097:
14058:
14007:
13995:
13961:
13943:
13914:
13907:
13892:
13857:
13817:
13777:
13737:
13692:
13668:
13628:
13606:
13598:
13583:
13572:
13548:
13536:
13499:
13487:
13442:
13430:
13395:
13359:
13327:
13303:
13251:
13211:
13180:
13154:
13114:
13072:
13060:
13030:
13023:
13011:
12978:
12966:
12918:
12866:
12811:
12771:
12731:
12694:
12687:
12675:
12618:
12606:
12565:
12558:
12546:
12527:
12522:
12507:
12502:
12487:
12482:
12466:
12461:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12402:Handbook of Style
12269:
12268:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11867:
11866:
11784:
11783:
10725:
10718:
10711:
10704:
10697:
10690:
10682:
10604:cantillation mark
10575:
10574:
10274:
10255:
10254:
10013:
9949:
9948:
9688:
9590:Written Position
9556:
9555:
9398:
9391:
9390:vowel designation
9384:
9377:
9366:
9359:
9333:). When they do,
9331:/ʔ/,/ʕ/,/v/and/j/
9253:
9252:
8650:
8639:
7602:
7595:
7584:
6422:lateral consonant
6418:Semitic languages
6400:, but had become
6183:
6179:
6178:
6150:
6091:
5847:
5825:
5812:
5805:
5789:
5690:
5689:
5288:
5287:
5257:
5237:Vav with a geresh
4947:
4946:
4726:), and one soft (
4631:
4630:
4478:
4477:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2420:
2411:
2406:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2368:Yiddish phonology
2243:
2242:
1892:Mandaic alphabets
1690:
1689:
1308:Achaemenid Empire
1031:Achaemenid Empire
948:
947:
488: 5th c. BCE
383:rendering support
363:
362:
22860:
22682:
22671:
22660:
22649:
22638:
22627:
22616:
22605:
22594:
22583:
22572:
22561:
22550:
22539:
22528:
22517:
22506:
22495:
22484:
22473:
22462:
22451:
22441:
22440:
22424:
22417:
22410:
22401:
22400:
22386:
22379:
22377:Braille literacy
22372:
22354:
22347:
22340:
22333:
22326:
22305:
22298:
22291:
22284:
22277:
22270:
22263:
22245:
22238:
22231:
22224:
22217:
22210:
22203:
22196:
22178:
22171:
22169:Slate and stylus
22164:
22157:
22155:Perkins Brailler
22150:
22143:
22136:
22129:
22122:
22115:
22113:Braille embosser
22108:
22088:
22081:
22074:
22066:
22059:
22052:
22030:
22022:
22015:
21997:
21990:
21981:
21974:
21967:
21960:
21953:
21937:
21934:American Braille
21918:
21915:Algerian Braille
21895:
21888:
21880:
21873:
21865:
21858:
21851:
21844:
21836:
21829:
21822:
21804:
21796:
21789:
21782:
21775:
21768:
21761:
21754:
21747:
21740:
21733:
21710:
21702:
21695:
21671:
21664:
21657:
21650:
21643:
21636:
21629:
21622:
21596:
21591:
21586:
21579:
21574:
21569:
21564:
21557:
21550:
21543:
21530:
21529:
21525:
21518:
21511:
21504:
21497:
21490:
21482:
21475:
21468:
21461:
21454:
21447:
21440:
21433:
21426:
21419:
21412:
21405:
21398:
21390:
21383:
21376:
21369:
21362:
21355:
21348:
21341:
21334:
21327:
21320:
21313:
21306:
21299:
21287:
21280:
21273:
21265:
21258:
21251:
21244:
21229:
21228:
21217:
21210:
21203:
21196:
21179:
21168:
21161:
21154:
21145:
21144:
20935:
20934:
20890:
20889:
20796:
20795:
20788:Semi-syllabaries
20783:
20782:
20484:
20483:
20475:
20474:
20462:
20461:
20347:
20346:
19702:
19701:
19689:
19688:
19591:Japanese Braille
19176:Zanabazar square
19045:Nepalese scripts
18935:Bengali–Assamese
18925:
18924:
18916:
18915:
18903:
18902:
18820:Pitman shorthand
18665:
18664:
18661:
18660:
18648:
18647:
18580:
18579:
18561:
18554:
18547:
18538:
18537:
18480:Unicode and HTML
17946:
17945:
17934:
17926:
17918:
17899:
17844:northern dialect
17841:
17773:
17766:
17759:
17750:
17749:
17677:
17668:
17638:
17616:
17605:
17564:
17540:
17532:
17529:
17528:
17514:
17508:
17499:
17498:Zohar 1:3; 2:152
17496:
17490:
17487:
17481:
17478:
17472:
17469:
17463:
17462:
17460:
17453:
17445:
17430:
17429:
17422:
17416:
17406:
17400:
17399:
17392:
17386:
17385:
17367:
17361:
17348:
17325:
17323:
17318:
17317:
17311:
17307:
17306:
17297:
17292:
17279:
17278:
17272:
17264:
17258:
17249:
17243:
17242:
17240:
17238:
17224:
17218:
17211:
17205:
17199:
17193:
17187:
17181:
17175:
17169:
17163:
17157:
17151:
17145:
17144:
17126:
17120:
17109:
17103:
17092:
17086:
17080:
17071:
17070:
17064:
17056:
17043:
17037:
17031:
17025:
17019:
17013:
17007:
17006:
16986:
16980:
16979:
16971:
16965:
16960:
16954:
16942:
16936:
16924:
16918:
16917:
16897:
16891:
16889:
16882:
16876:
16841:
16835:
16831:
16825:
16822:
16816:
16815:
16779:
16773:
16760:
16744:
16741:
16728:
16709:, to denote the
16704:
16696:
16685:
16681:Yiddish ligature
16674:
16663:
16655:
16651:
16647:
16632:
16628:
16624:
16620:
16616:
16612:
16596:
16592:
16588:
16584:
16580:
16576:
16562:
16558:
16555:
16554:
16549:
16545:
16542:
16541:
16508:
16504:
16500:
16482:
16481:
16476:
16475:
16470:
16469:
16463:
16320:Unicode and HTML
16307:
16305:
16304:
16299:
16297:
16296:
16280:
16278:
16277:
16272:
16270:
16269:
16246:
16244:
16243:
16238:
16236:
16235:
16213:
16211:
16210:
16205:
16203:
16202:
16186:
16184:
16183:
16178:
16176:
16156:
16154:
16153:
16148:
16146:
16145:
16122:Mathematical use
16106:
16037:Book of Creation
16018:Jerusalem Talmud
16000:
15997:
15996:
15988:
15985:
15984:
15976:
15973:
15972:
15967:
15959:
15951:
15950:
15944:Book of Proverbs
15938:
15935:
15934:
15929:
15926:
15925:
15916:
15905:
15897:
15889:
15881:
15873:
15869:
15861:other languages
15856:
15852:
15848:
15844:
15840:
15836:
15832:
15814:
15806:
15798:
15790:
15789:
15784:
15783:
15778:
15777:
15767:
15763:
15759:
15740:
15738:
15720:
15718:
15700:
15698:
15688:
15673:
15671:
15663:
15654:
15653:
15641:
15636:
15627:
15626:
15610:
15608:
15590:
15588:
15578:
15562:
15560:
15550:
15535:
15533:
15516:
15514:
15497:
15495:
15485:
15473:
15466:
15441:
15440:
15438:
15428:
15416:
15411:
15399:
15385:
15376:
15375:
15373:
15356:
15354:
15337:
15335:
15318:
15316:
15299:
15297:
15289:
15280:
15271:
15270:
15255:
15253:
15236:
15234:
15226:
15221:
15220:
15211:
15206:
15205:
15182:
15181:
15179:
15160:(/i/ vowel)
15156:
15155:
15153:
15143:
15125:
15124:
15122:
15104:
15102:
15092:
15080:
15075:
15066:
15057:
15056:
15041:
15039:
15029:
15013:
15011:
14994:
14992:
14984:
14975:
14974:
14958:
14956:
14939:
14937:
14915:
14914:
14912:
14894:
14887:
14886:
14884:
14863:
14862:
14860:
14849:
14847:
14829:
14827:
14817:
14801:
14799:
14788:
14786:
14768:
14766:
14749:
14747:
14730:
14728:
14710:
14703:
14702:
14700:
14690:
14667:non-initial word
14663:
14662:
14660:
14652:
14635:
14624:
14623:
14621:
14603:
14588:
14572:
14556:
14549:
14546:
14545:
14537:
14535:
14505:
14502:
14501:
14495:
14493:
14463:
14460:
14459:
14453:
14451:
14441:
14436:
14413:
14410:
14409:
14403:
14401:
14391:
14388:
14379:
14378:
14366:
14359:
14356:
14347:
14346:
14321:
14318:
14317:
14311:
14309:
14279:
14276:
14275:
14269:
14267:
14255:
14250:
14227:
14224:
14223:
14217:
14215:
14203:
14198:
14175:
14172:
14171:
14165:
14163:
14135:
14132:
14131:
14125:
14123:
14095:
14092:
14091:
14085:
14083:
14071:
14066:
14054:
14045:
14040:
14005:
14002:
14001:
13989:
13988:
13986:
13974:
13969:
13957:
13950:
13938:
13910:
13902:
13899:
13898:
13886:
13885:
13883:
13855:
13852:
13851:
13845:
13843:
13815:
13812:
13811:
13805:
13803:
13775:
13772:
13771:
13765:
13763:
13735:
13732:
13731:
13725:
13723:
13713:
13704:
13699:
13690:
13689:
13666:
13663:
13662:
13656:
13654:
13626:
13623:
13622:
13616:
13614:
13604:
13601:
13596:
13595:
13586:
13581:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13569:
13546:
13543:
13542:
13528:
13527:
13525:
13497:
13494:
13493:
13485:(/i/ vowel)
13481:
13480:
13478:
13466:
13461:
13440:
13437:
13436:
13426:
13425:
13423:
13393:
13390:
13389:
13383:
13381:
13367:
13355:
13348:
13339:
13334:
13325:
13324:
13301:
13298:
13297:
13291:
13289:
13277:
13272:
13249:
13246:
13245:
13239:
13237:
13209:
13206:
13205:
13199:
13197:
13187:
13178:
13177:
13152:
13149:
13148:
13142:
13140:
13112:
13109:
13108:
13102:
13100:
13070:
13067:
13066:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13026:
13021:
13018:
13017:
13007:
13006:
13004:
12976:
12973:
12972:
12962:
12961:
12959:
12948:
12946:
12916:
12913:
12912:
12906:
12904:
12892:
12887:
12864:
12861:
12860:
12854:
12852:
12841:
12839:
12809:
12806:
12805:
12799:
12797:
12769:
12766:
12765:
12759:
12757:
12729:
12726:
12725:
12719:
12717:
12690:
12685:
12682:
12681:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12656:
12651:
12616:
12613:
12612:
12602:non-initial word
12598:
12597:
12595:
12585:
12561:
12556:
12553:
12552:
12538:
12537:
12535:
12525:
12512:
12505:
12492:
12485:
12471:
12464:
12450:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12425:
12424:
12421:
12420:
12413:
12348:Clarifications:
12310:
12306:
12302:
12298:
12290:
12286:
12282:
12278:
12274:
12260:
12247:
12232:
12219:
12204:
12191:
12176:
12163:
12148:
12135:
12120:
12107:
12094:
12079:
12066:
12053:
12038:
12025:
12012:
11997:
11984:
11971:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11931:
11930:
11921:Jewish Town Hall
11896:
11895:
11890:
11889:
11853:matres lectionis
11838:
11837:
11823:
11815:
11804:
11791:
11790:
11780:
11773:
11763:
11756:
11738:
11731:
11721:
11714:
11696:
11689:
11679:
11672:
11654:
11647:
11637:
11630:
11612:
11605:
11587:
11581:
11574:
11564:
11557:
11539:
11532:
11514:
11507:
11497:
11490:
11472:
11465:
11455:
11448:
11430:
11423:
11413:
11406:
11388:
11381:
11363:
11356:
11346:
11339:
11321:
11314:
11296:
11289:
11279:
11272:
11254:
11247:
11237:
11230:
11212:
11205:
11187:
11180:
11170:
11163:
11145:
11138:
11128:
11121:
11103:
11096:
11086:
11079:
11061:
11054:
11044:
11037:
11019:
11012:
11002:
10995:
10977:
10970:
10960:
10953:
10935:
10928:
10918:
10911:
10893:
10886:
10876:
10869:
10851:
10844:
10834:
10827:
10809:
10802:
10792:
10785:
10767:
10760:
10750:
10743:
10721:
10714:
10707:
10700:
10693:
10685:
10677:
10647:
10646:
10613:
10601:
10593:
10509:
10507:
10477:
10465:
10459:
10442:
10430:
10424:
10407:
10397:
10391:
10385:
10368:
10358:
10352:
10346:
10329:
10319:
10313:
10307:
10272:
10265:
10261:
10258:Comparison table
10242:
10233:
10209:
10200:
10176:
10167:
10136:
10128:
10119:
10077:
10076:
10037:is only used in
10007:
9951:
9940:
9916:
9901:
9883:
9861:
9847:
9818:
9810:
9796:
9772:
9758:
9734:
9720:
9680:
9678:
9664:
9640:
9626:
9581:
9580:
9577:
9546:
9544:
9530:
9528:
9522:
9511:
9497:
9483:
9478:
9474:
9463:
9447:
9443:
9432:
9416:
9405:
9394:
9387:
9380:
9369:
9362:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9344:
9340:
9336:
9332:
9324:
9316:
9308:
9300:
9288:Matres lectionis
9274:but more likely
9249:
9247:
9238:
9227:
9216:
9205:
9194:
9183:
9176:
9174:
9165:
9154:
9143:
9132:
9121:
9110:
9099:
9088:
9081:
9079:
9070:
9059:
9048:
9037:
9026:
9015:
9004:
8993:
8986:
8984:
8975:
8964:
8953:
8942:
8931:
8920:
8909:
8898:
8891:
8889:
8880:
8869:
8858:
8847:
8839:
8828:
8820:
8809:
8801:
8786:
8779:
8777:
8768:
8757:
8746:
8735:
8725:
8715:
8704:
8693:
8682:
8671:
8664:
8662:
8648:
8637:
8631:
8620:
8609:
8598:
8591:
8589:
8580:
8569:
8558:
8547:
8536:
8525:
8514:
8503:
8496:
8494:
8485:
8474:
8463:
8452:
8441:
8430:
8419:
8408:
8401:
8399:
8382:
8371:
8349:
8342:
8340:
8333:
8331:
8322:
8311:
8300:
8289:
8278:
8267:
8256:
8245:
8238:
8236:
8227:
8216:
8205:
8194:
8183:
8172:
8161:
8150:
8143:
8141:
8132:
8121:
8110:
8099:
8088:
8077:
8066:
8055:
8048:
8046:
8037:
8026:
8015:
8004:
7993:
7978:
7967:
7960:
7958:
7949:
7938:
7927:
7916:
7905:
7894:
7879:
7872:
7870:
7861:
7850:
7839:
7828:
7817:
7806:
7795:
7784:
7777:
7775:
7759:
7748:
7737:
7726:
7715:
7707:
7705:
7696:
7685:
7674:
7663:
7652:
7641:
7630:
7619:
7612:
7610:
7600:
7593:
7582:
7572:
7561:
7550:
7543:
7541:
7528:
7517:
7506:
7495:
7484:
7469:
7462:
7460:
7451:
7440:
7429:
7418:
7407:
7392:
7381:
7374:
7372:
7344:
7333:
7326:
7324:
7296:
7285:
7278:
7276:
7267:
7256:
7245:
7234:
7223:
7208:
7197:
7190:
7188:
7179:
7144:
7137:
7135:
7126:
7115:
7104:
7093:
7078:
7071:
7069:
7060:
7049:
7038:
7027:
7008:
6997:
6990:
6988:
6979:
6968:
6957:
6946:
6931:
6924:
6922:
6913:
6902:
6891:
6880:
6869:
6854:
6843:
6836:
6834:
6825:
6814:
6803:
6792:
6773:
6762:
6755:
6753:
6744:
6733:
6722:
6711:
6700:
6689:
6678:
6667:
6660:
6658:
6651:
6649:
6640:
6607:
6547:
6546:
6530:
6528:
6522:
6516:
6505:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6444:
6430:
6407:
6403:
6395:
6387:
6379:
6375:
6367:
6354:
6348:represented the
6343:
6339:
6331:
6327:
6321:represented the
6316:
6313:, respectively,
6312:
6308:
6299:represented the
6294:
6286:
6267:
6264:show variation.
6263:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6194:
6181:
6175:
6158:
6156:
6146:
6138:
6136:
6126:
6124:
6116:
6099:
6097:
6087:
6079:
6077:
6066:
6064:
6056:
6044:(with left dot)
6039:
6037:
6027:
6025:
6017:
6001:
5999:
5984:
5982:
5974:
5958:
5956:
5946:
5944:
5936:
5913:
5911:
5900:
5898:
5890:
5874:
5872:
5857:
5855:
5841:
5839:
5821:
5810:
5799:
5797:
5787:
5774:
5772:
5761:
5759:
5742:
5741:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5664:
5658:
5647:
5646:
5640:
5628:
5622:
5613:
5604:
5602:
5593:
5591:
5573:
5565:
5557:
5554:, in which case
5553:
5545:
5537:
5533:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5513:
5512:
5500:
5494:
5485:
5475:
5465:
5464:
5446:
5440:
5431:
5421:
5407:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5363:
5357:
5348:
5338:
5301:
5300:
5292:Hebrew phonology
5283:
5266:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5247:
5245:
5231:
5215:
5205:
5194:
5176:
5166:
5155:
5137:
5127:
5093:
5092:
5083:
5079:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5000:Krymchaki Hebrew
4996:Ashkenazi Hebrew
4930:
4912:
4887:
4870:
4868:
4842:
4824:
4804:Transliteration
4790:Transliteration
4773:
4772:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4737:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4653:
4646:
4621:
4607:
4605:
4591:
4577:
4575:
4548:
4547:
4524:
4492: as /ð/ (
4491:
4483:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4440:
4430:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4323:
4313:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4266:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4215:
4205:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4154:
4144:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4055:
4045:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4004:
3999:
3989:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3943:
3933:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3729:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3691:
3679:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3588:
3578:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3380:
3370:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3041:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2818:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2763:
2753:
2740:gh as in Arabic
2737:
2732:
2726:
2718:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2488:
2480:
2470:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2436:
2423:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2340:
2333:Dead Sea Scrolls
2330:
2324:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2059:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1901:
1881:
1841:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1755:matres lectionis
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1683:Unicode and HTML
1527:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1316:Aramaic alphabet
1296:Babylonian exile
1294:. Following the
1282:
1279:
1157:Yiddish alphabet
1146:matres lectionis
1137:matres lectionis
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1050:Aramaic alphabet
1019:Levantine Arabic
999:Jewish languages
970:
964:
899:
896:
882:
879:
869:
866:
737:
734:
671:
670:
530:
527:
506:
489:
486:
465:
464:
443:
442:
431:
430:
419:
415:
414:
394:
393:
371:
359:
353:
349:
319:U+FB1D to U+FB4F
312:U+0590 to U+05FF
278:
275:
193:Yiddish alphabet
166:Aramaic alphabet
133:Jewish languages
125:Levantine Arabic
90:
89:
50:
37:
36:
30:Hebrew character
26:Samaritan script
22868:
22867:
22863:
22862:
22861:
22859:
22858:
22857:
22848:Hebrew language
22818:Hebrew alphabet
22808:
22807:
22806:
22801:
22756:
22434:
22428:
22398:
22389:
22382:
22375:
22368:
22357:
22350:
22343:
22336:
22329:
22322:
22308:
22301:
22294:
22287:
22280:
22273:
22266:
22259:
22248:
22241:
22234:
22227:
22220:
22213:
22206:
22201:Charles Barbier
22199:
22192:
22181:
22174:
22167:
22160:
22153:
22146:
22139:
22132:
22125:
22118:
22111:
22104:
22091:
22084:
22077:
22069:
22062:
22055:
22048:
22033:
22025:
22018:
22011:
22000:
21993:
21986:
21977:
21970:
21963:
21956:
21951:
21940:
21932:
21926:Frequency-based
21921:
21913:
21898:
21891:
21883:
21876:
21868:
21861:
21854:
21847:
21839:
21832:
21825:
21818:
21807:
21799:
21792:
21785:
21778:
21771:
21764:
21757:
21750:
21743:
21736:
21729:
21722:Bharati Braille
21719:
21713:
21705:
21698:
21691:
21680:
21674:
21667:
21660:
21653:
21646:
21639:
21632:
21625:
21618:
21607:
21601:
21594:
21589:
21582:
21577:
21572:
21567:
21560:
21553:
21546:
21539:
21528:
21521:
21514:
21507:
21500:
21493:
21485:
21478:
21471:
21464:
21457:
21450:
21443:
21436:
21429:
21422:
21415:
21408:
21401:
21393:
21386:
21379:
21372:
21365:
21358:
21351:
21344:
21337:
21330:
21323:
21316:
21309:
21302:
21296:Unified English
21290:
21283:
21276:
21268:
21261:
21254:
21247:
21240:
21225:Braille scripts
21220:
21213:
21206:
21199:
21192:
21181:
21177:
21172:
21127:
20942:
20925:
20921:Stokoe notation
20897:
20876:
20835:
20790:
20769:
20753:
20717:
20696:Logoconsonantal
20691:
20640:
20593:
20562:
20469:
20452:
20433:Siglas poveiras
20354:
20333:
20292:
20196:Younger Futhark
19900:Gregg shorthand
19696:
19675:
19528:
19180:
18910:
18893:
18672:
18655:
18638:
18611:Writing systems
18599:
18574:
18572:writing systems
18565:
18535:
18530:
18489:Reference works
18484:
18419:
18415:Vav-consecutive
18364:
18343:Biblical Hebrew
18325:
18272:
18257:Mater lectionis
18229:
18129:
18006:
17960:
17937:
17932:
17924:
17916:
17895:
17865:
17827:
17782:
17780:Hebrew language
17777:
17743:Wayback Machine
17720:
17697:
17692:
17665:
17635:
17621:Goldingay, John
17561:
17538:
17530:
17526:
17522:
17517:
17509:
17502:
17497:
17493:
17488:
17484:
17479:
17475:
17470:
17466:
17461:on 3 July 2014.
17458:
17451:
17447:
17446:
17433:
17424:
17423:
17419:
17407:
17403:
17394:
17393:
17389:
17382:
17368:
17364:
17358:Wayback Machine
17349:
17328:
17312:" – see
17308:) in the word "
17293:
17282:
17266:
17265:
17256:
17250:
17246:
17236:
17234:
17226:
17225:
17221:
17213:Kaplan, Aryeh.
17212:
17208:
17200:
17196:
17188:
17184:
17176:
17172:
17164:
17160:
17152:
17148:
17141:
17127:
17123:
17110:
17106:
17093:
17089:
17081:
17074:
17069:. Unicode, Inc.
17062:
17058:
17057:
17046:
17038:
17034:
17026:
17022:
17014:
17010:
17003:
16987:
16983:
16972:
16968:
16961:
16957:
16952:Wayback Machine
16943:
16939:
16934:Wayback Machine
16925:
16921:
16914:
16898:
16894:
16883:
16879:
16867:may be written
16842:
16838:
16832:
16828:
16823:
16819:
16780:
16776:
16764:Hebrew alphabet
16761:
16757:
16753:
16748:
16747:
16742:
16738:
16455:
16421:Hebrew spelling
16397:
16332:
16330:Hebrew keyboard
16324:Main articles:
16322:
16292:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16282:
16265:
16261:
16259:
16256:
16255:
16231:
16227:
16225:
16222:
16221:
16198:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16188:
16172:
16170:
16167:
16166:
16161:of an infinite
16159:cardinal number
16141:
16137:
16135:
16132:
16131:
16124:
16108:
16104:
16086:anthropomorphic
16067:Sefer HaTemunah
16041:Book of Genesis
16010:
15818:
15735:
15715:
15695:
15668:
15646:
15605:
15585:
15557:
15530:
15511:
15492:
15478:
15457:
15452:
15446:
15444:
15435:
15421:
15403:
15401:
15400:only in initial
15394:
15381:
15379:
15370:
15351:
15332:
15313:
15294:
15250:
15231:
15189:
15187:
15185:
15176:
15161:
15159:
15150:
15128:
15119:
15099:
15085:
15036:
15008:
14989:
14953:
14934:
14918:
14909:
14890:
14881:
14866:
14857:
14844:
14824:
14796:
14783:
14763:
14744:
14725:
14706:
14697:
14681:
14676:
14670:
14668:
14666:
14665:consonantal, in
14657:
14631:
14629:
14627:
14626:consonantal, in
14618:
14611:
14596:
14578:
14577:transliteration
14576:
14574:
14562:
14561:transliteration
14560:
14558:
14532:
14490:
14448:
14398:
14371:
14306:
14264:
14212:
14160:
14120:
14080:
14059:
14030:
14024:
14018:
14012:
13994:
13992:
13983:
13962:
13942:
13940:
13939:only in initial
13931:
13927:
13922:
13891:
13889:
13880:
13840:
13800:
13760:
13720:
13651:
13611:
13535:
13533:
13531:
13522:
13486:
13484:
13475:
13429:
13420:
13378:
13360:
13286:
13234:
13194:
13137:
13097:
13059:
13050:
13010:
13001:
12965:
12956:
12943:
12901:
12849:
12836:
12794:
12754:
12714:
12674:
12665:
12641:
12635:
12629:
12623:
12605:
12603:
12601:
12600:consonantal, in
12592:
12545:
12543:
12541:
12540:consonantal, in
12532:
12520:
12500:
12477:
12476:transliteration
12475:
12473:
12456:
12455:transliteration
12454:
12452:
12339:
12325:Biblical Hebrew
12319:Main articles:
12317:
12303:, where
12262:
12249:
12234:
12221:
12206:
12193:
12178:
12165:
12150:
12137:
12122:
12109:
12096:
12081:
12068:
12055:
12040:
12027:
12014:
11999:
11986:
11973:
11883:Hebrew calendar
11878:
11876:Hebrew numerals
11872:
11859:orthography of
11845:Masoretic Texts
11789:
11787:Yiddish symbols
10653:
10651:
10638:
10632:Ashuri alphabet
10620:
10586:
10580:
10570:
10551:
10510:
10504:
10288:
10283:Transliteration
10271:
10260:
10143:
10104:
10099:Transliteration
10069:
10057:
10051:
10039:Biblical Hebrew
10025:
10019:
10000:
9977:
9972:– is sometimes
9956:
9682:
9611:
9606:Transliteration
9563:
9541:
9525:
9396:
9389:
9382:
9375:
9373:
9371:
9364:
9296:
9294:Mater lectionis
9290:
9285:
9242:
9239:
9228:
9217:
9206:
9195:
9169:
9166:
9155:
9144:
9133:
9122:
9111:
9100:
9074:
9071:
9060:
9049:
9038:
9027:
9016:
9005:
8979:
8976:
8965:
8954:
8943:
8932:
8921:
8910:
8884:
8881:
8870:
8859:
8848:
8829:
8810:
8791:
8772:
8769:
8758:
8747:
8736:
8726:
8716:
8705:
8694:
8683:
8657:
8654:
8647:
8643:
8636:
8632:
8621:
8610:
8584:
8581:
8570:
8559:
8548:
8537:
8526:
8515:
8489:
8486:
8475:
8464:
8453:
8442:
8431:
8420:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8372:
8361:
8354:
8335:
8326:
8323:
8312:
8301:
8290:
8279:
8268:
8257:
8231:
8228:
8217:
8206:
8195:
8184:
8173:
8162:
8136:
8133:
8122:
8111:
8100:
8089:
8078:
8067:
8041:
8038:
8027:
8016:
8005:
7994:
7983:
7979:
7953:
7950:
7939:
7928:
7917:
7906:
7895:
7884:
7865:
7862:
7851:
7840:
7829:
7818:
7807:
7796:
7772:
7760:
7749:
7738:
7727:
7700:
7697:
7686:
7675:
7664:
7653:
7642:
7631:
7605:
7599:
7592:
7588:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7562:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7518:
7507:
7496:
7485:
7474:
7455:
7452:
7441:
7430:
7419:
7408:
7397:
7393:
7369:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7321:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7271:
7268:
7257:
7246:
7235:
7224:
7213:
7209:
7183:
7180:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7130:
7127:
7116:
7105:
7094:
7083:
7064:
7061:
7050:
7039:
7028:
7017:
7013:
7009:
6983:
6980:
6969:
6958:
6947:
6936:
6917:
6914:
6903:
6892:
6881:
6870:
6859:
6855:
6829:
6826:
6815:
6804:
6793:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6748:
6745:
6734:
6723:
6712:
6701:
6690:
6679:
6653:
6644:
6641:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6612:
6523: and/or
6511:
6486:
6459:
6206:
6202:
6189:
6166:ch/tsh (chair)
6159:
6153:
6139:
6133:
6127:
6121:
6100:
6094:
6080:
6074:
6067:
6061:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6002:
5996:
5985:
5979:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5923:
5914:
5908:
5901:
5895:
5875:
5869:
5858:
5852:
5844:glottal plosive
5840:
5813:
5798:
5790:
5784:transliterated
5783:
5775:
5769:
5762:
5756:
5748:Transliteration
5729:
5717:Hebrew numerals
5674:
5649:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5534:represented by
5448:
5411:
5404:Often a simple
5365:
5249:
5242:
5238:
5113:Transliteration
5034:
5026:Main articles:
5024:
5011:Yemenite Hebrew
4978:Yemenite Hebrew
4865:
4782:Without dagesh
4672:
4666:
4660:
4637:corresponds to
4602:
4572:
4558:Transliteration
4512:
4506:
4126:/ˈlaŋɡəˈtsadək/
4122:/ˈlaŋɡəˈtsadɪk/
3693:
2440:
2431:
2418:
2370:
2354:Main articles:
2352:
2347:
2258:, Izbet Sartah
2248:
2137:
2107:
2084:
1948:
1939:
1916:
1860:
1814:Tiberian system
1715:
1695:
1548:Mater lectionis
1355:
1335:Jewish diaspora
1280:
1255:Proto-Canaanite
1231:
1184:
1092:Arabic alphabet
1001:, most notably
995:Hebrew language
952:Hebrew alphabet
944:
943:
942:
897:
880:
867:
735:
664:
663:
540:
539:
528:
487:
458:
457:
436:
435:
424:
423:
408:
407:
402:
392:
391:
390:
381:Without proper
372:
330:
325:
321:
314:
305:
293:
276:
273:
258:
209:
202:
186:
179:
170:Hebrew alphabet
146:
139:Related scripts
95:Official script
84:
69:
62:
41:
40:Hebrew alphabet
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
22866:
22856:
22855:
22850:
22845:
22840:
22835:
22830:
22825:
22820:
22803:
22802:
22800:
22799:
22794:
22789:
22784:
22779:
22774:
22773:
22772:
22761:
22758:
22757:
22753:
22752:
22749:
22746:
22743:
22740:
22737:
22734:
22731:
22728:
22725:
22722:
22719:
22716:
22713:
22710:
22707:
22704:
22701:
22698:
22695:
22692:
22689:
22685:
22684:
22673:
22662:
22651:
22640:
22629:
22618:
22607:
22596:
22585:
22574:
22563:
22552:
22541:
22530:
22519:
22508:
22497:
22486:
22475:
22464:
22453:
22439:
22436:
22435:
22427:
22426:
22419:
22412:
22404:
22395:
22394:
22391:
22390:
22388:
22387:
22380:
22373:
22365:
22363:
22362:Related topics
22359:
22358:
22356:
22355:
22348:
22341:
22338:New York Point
22334:
22327:
22319:
22317:
22310:
22309:
22307:
22306:
22299:
22292:
22285:
22278:
22271:
22264:
22256:
22254:
22250:
22249:
22247:
22246:
22239:
22232:
22225:
22222:Harris Mowbray
22218:
22211:
22204:
22197:
22189:
22187:
22183:
22182:
22180:
22179:
22172:
22165:
22158:
22151:
22144:
22137:
22130:
22123:
22116:
22109:
22106:Braille e-book
22101:
22099:
22093:
22092:
22090:
22089:
22082:
22075:
22067:
22060:
22053:
22045:
22043:
22039:
22038:
22035:
22034:
22032:
22031:
22023:
22016:
22008:
22006:
22002:
22001:
21999:
21998:
21991:
21984:
21983:
21982:
21975:
21968:
21961:
21948:
21946:
21942:
21941:
21939:
21938:
21929:
21927:
21923:
21922:
21920:
21919:
21910:
21908:
21904:
21903:
21900:
21899:
21897:
21896:
21889:
21881:
21874:
21866:
21859:
21852:
21845:
21837:
21830:
21823:
21815:
21813:
21809:
21808:
21806:
21805:
21797:
21790:
21783:
21776:
21769:
21762:
21755:
21748:
21741:
21734:
21726:
21724:
21715:
21714:
21712:
21711:
21703:
21696:
21688:
21686:
21676:
21675:
21673:
21672:
21665:
21658:
21651:
21644:
21637:
21630:
21623:
21615:
21613:
21603:
21602:
21600:
21599:
21598:
21597:
21592:
21587:
21580:
21575:
21570:
21558:
21551:
21544:
21536:
21534:
21527:
21526:
21519:
21512:
21505:
21498:
21491:
21483:
21476:
21469:
21462:
21455:
21448:
21441:
21434:
21427:
21420:
21413:
21406:
21399:
21391:
21384:
21377:
21370:
21363:
21356:
21349:
21342:
21335:
21328:
21321:
21314:
21307:
21300:
21288:
21281:
21274:
21266:
21259:
21252:
21245:
21237:
21235:
21233:French-ordered
21226:
21222:
21221:
21219:
21218:
21211:
21204:
21197:
21189:
21187:
21183:
21182:
21171:
21170:
21163:
21156:
21148:
21141:
21140:
21137:
21136:
21133:
21132:
21129:
21128:
21126:
21125:
21120:
21115:
21110:
21105:
21100:
21095:
21090:
21085:
21080:
21075:
21073:Linear Elamite
21070:
21065:
21060:
21055:
21054:
21053:
21048:
21043:
21038:
21033:
21028:
21018:
21013:
21008:
21003:
20998:
20993:
20988:
20983:
20978:
20973:
20968:
20963:
20958:
20953:
20947:
20944:
20943:
20931:
20930:
20927:
20926:
20924:
20923:
20918:
20913:
20908:
20902:
20899:
20898:
20895:Sign languages
20886:
20885:
20882:
20881:
20878:
20877:
20875:
20874:
20872:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
20869:
20864:
20859:
20854:
20849:
20847:Espanca script
20843:
20841:
20837:
20836:
20834:
20833:
20828:
20823:
20818:
20813:
20808:
20806:Linear Elamite
20802:
20800:
20792:
20791:
20779:
20778:
20775:
20774:
20771:
20770:
20768:
20767:
20761:
20759:
20755:
20754:
20752:
20751:
20746:
20741:
20736:
20731:
20725:
20723:
20719:
20718:
20716:
20715:
20710:
20705:
20699:
20697:
20693:
20692:
20690:
20689:
20687:Yi (Classical)
20684:
20679:
20674:
20669:
20664:
20659:
20654:
20648:
20646:
20642:
20641:
20639:
20638:
20633:
20628:
20623:
20618:
20613:
20607:
20605:
20599:
20598:
20595:
20594:
20592:
20591:
20586:
20581:
20576:
20570:
20568:
20564:
20563:
20561:
20560:
20555:
20550:
20545:
20540:
20535:
20534:
20533:
20528:
20523:
20513:
20511:Bronze scripts
20508:
20503:
20498:
20492:
20490:
20481:
20471:
20470:
20458:
20457:
20454:
20453:
20451:
20450:
20445:
20440:
20435:
20430:
20425:
20420:
20415:
20410:
20405:
20400:
20395:
20390:
20385:
20380:
20375:
20370:
20365:
20359:
20356:
20355:
20343:
20342:
20339:
20338:
20335:
20334:
20332:
20331:
20326:
20324:Flag semaphore
20321:
20319:New York Point
20316:
20314:Telegraph code
20311:
20309:Maritime flags
20306:
20300:
20298:
20294:
20293:
20291:
20290:
20285:
20280:
20275:
20270:
20265:
20263:Visible Speech
20260:
20255:
20250:
20245:
20240:
20235:
20233:Sorang Sompeng
20230:
20225:
20220:
20219:
20218:
20213:
20208:
20203:
20198:
20193:
20188:
20183:
20178:
20168:
20163:
20158:
20153:
20148:
20143:
20138:
20137:
20136:
20135:
20134:
20129:
20124:
20119:
20117:Galik alphabet
20114:
20099:
20094:
20089:
20084:
20079:
20074:
20069:
20064:
20059:
20054:
20049:
20044:
20039:
20034:
20029:
20024:
20023:
20022:
20017:
20015:Tironian notes
20012:
20007:
20002:
19997:
19992:
19987:
19982:
19977:
19972:
19967:
19962:
19957:
19947:
19942:
19937:
19932:
19927:
19922:
19917:
19912:
19902:
19897:
19892:
19887:
19882:
19881:
19880:
19875:
19870:
19860:
19858:Garay alphabet
19855:
19850:
19845:
19840:
19835:
19830:
19825:
19820:
19815:
19810:
19809:
19808:
19798:
19793:
19792:
19791:
19786:
19776:
19771:
19766:
19761:
19756:
19751:
19746:
19741:
19736:
19735:
19734:
19724:
19719:
19714:
19708:
19706:
19698:
19697:
19685:
19684:
19681:
19680:
19677:
19676:
19674:
19673:
19668:
19663:
19658:
19653:
19648:
19643:
19641:Sorang Sompeng
19638:
19633:
19628:
19623:
19618:
19613:
19608:
19603:
19598:
19593:
19588:
19583:
19578:
19573:
19568:
19567:
19566:
19564:Déné syllabics
19561:
19551:
19546:
19540:
19538:
19534:
19533:
19530:
19529:
19527:
19526:
19525:
19524:
19519:
19509:
19508:
19507:
19502:
19497:
19492:
19487:
19482:
19477:
19467:
19462:
19457:
19452:
19447:
19442:
19437:
19432:
19427:
19422:
19417:
19412:
19407:
19402:
19401:
19400:
19390:
19385:
19380:
19375:
19370:
19365:
19360:
19355:
19354:
19353:
19348:
19338:
19333:
19328:
19327:
19326:
19316:
19311:
19306:
19301:
19296:
19291:
19290:
19289:
19279:
19274:
19269:
19264:
19259:
19254:
19249:
19244:
19239:
19234:
19229:
19224:
19219:
19214:
19209:
19204:
19199:
19194:
19188:
19186:
19182:
19181:
19179:
19178:
19173:
19168:
19167:
19166:
19161:
19151:
19146:
19141:
19136:
19131:
19126:
19121:
19120:
19119:
19109:
19108:
19107:
19102:
19097:
19092:
19087:
19082:
19077:
19072:
19067:
19062:
19057:
19052:
19042:
19037:
19032:
19027:
19022:
19017:
19012:
19007:
19002:
18997:
18992:
18987:
18982:
18977:
18972:
18967:
18962:
18957:
18952:
18947:
18942:
18937:
18931:
18929:
18922:
18912:
18911:
18899:
18898:
18895:
18894:
18892:
18891:
18886:
18881:
18880:
18879:
18874:
18869:
18859:
18854:
18853:
18852:
18847:
18837:
18832:
18827:
18825:Proto-Sinaitic
18822:
18817:
18816:
18815:
18805:
18800:
18799:
18798:
18793:
18788:
18783:
18773:
18768:
18763:
18758:
18753:
18748:
18747:
18746:
18741:
18736:
18731:
18721:
18716:
18711:
18710:
18709:
18699:
18698:
18697:
18686:
18685:
18677:
18674:
18673:
18657:
18656:
18644:
18643:
18640:
18639:
18637:
18636:
18630:
18629:
18628:
18623:
18618:
18607:
18605:
18601:
18600:
18598:
18597:
18592:
18586:
18584:
18576:
18575:
18564:
18563:
18556:
18549:
18541:
18532:
18531:
18529:
18528:
18521:
18514:
18507:
18500:
18492:
18490:
18486:
18485:
18483:
18482:
18477:
18472:
18467:
18464:modern Israeli
18453:
18448:
18443:
18438:
18433:
18427:
18425:
18421:
18420:
18418:
18417:
18412:
18407:
18402:
18397:
18392:
18386:
18385:
18380:
18374:
18372:
18366:
18365:
18363:
18362:
18357:
18355:
18353:Philippi's law
18350:
18345:
18339:
18337:
18331:
18330:
18327:
18326:
18324:
18323:
18318:
18313:
18308:
18303:
18298:
18293:
18288:
18282:
18280:
18274:
18273:
18271:
18270:
18268:Plene scriptum
18265:
18260:
18253:
18239:
18237:
18231:
18230:
18228:
18227:
18222:
18217:
18212:
18207:
18202:
18197:
18192:
18187:
18182:
18177:
18172:
18167:
18161:
18160:
18155:
18150:
18145:
18139:
18137:
18131:
18130:
18128:
18127:
18122:
18117:
18112:
18107:
18102:
18097:
18092:
18087:
18082:
18077:
18072:
18067:
18062:
18057:
18052:
18047:
18042:
18037:
18032:
18027:
18022:
18016:
18014:
18008:
18007:
18005:
18004:
17999:
17994:
17989:
17984:
17979:
17974:
17968:
17966:
17962:
17961:
17959:
17958:
17952:
17950:
17943:
17939:
17938:
17936:
17935:
17927:
17919:
17911:
17906:
17901:
17889:
17884:
17879:
17873:
17871:
17867:
17866:
17864:
17863:
17858:
17853:
17848:
17835:
17833:
17829:
17828:
17826:
17825:
17820:
17811:
17806:
17801:
17796:
17790:
17788:
17784:
17783:
17776:
17775:
17768:
17761:
17753:
17747:
17746:
17733:
17727:
17719:
17716:
17715:
17714:
17708:
17703:
17696:
17693:
17691:
17690:External links
17688:
17687:
17686:
17678:
17669:
17663:
17648:
17639:
17633:
17617:
17606:
17580:(4): 471–485.
17565:
17559:
17544:
17521:
17518:
17516:
17515:
17500:
17491:
17482:
17473:
17464:
17431:
17417:
17409:Sirat, Colette
17401:
17387:
17380:
17362:
17326:
17280:
17244:
17219:
17206:
17194:
17182:
17170:
17166:Goldingay 2022
17158:
17146:
17139:
17121:
17104:
17087:
17072:
17044:
17032:
17020:
17008:
17001:
16981:
16966:
16955:
16937:
16919:
16912:
16892:
16877:
16836:
16826:
16817:
16774:
16754:
16752:
16749:
16746:
16745:
16735:
16734:
16563:(= "snob"). A
16488:Arabic letters
16471:, " hyphen"),
16454:
16451:
16450:
16449:
16444:
16438:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16413:
16411:Cursive Hebrew
16408:
16403:
16401:Hebrew braille
16396:
16393:
16321:
16318:
16314:gimel function
16295:
16291:
16268:
16264:
16234:
16230:
16201:
16197:
16175:
16144:
16140:
16123:
16120:
16094:
16022:the redemption
16009:
16006:
16002:"slept deeply"
15870:" and "
15816:
15754:
15753:
15751:
15745:
15744:
15741:
15732:
15731:
15729:
15727:
15724:
15721:
15712:
15711:
15709:
15707:
15704:
15701:
15692:
15691:
15689:
15680:
15677:
15674:
15665:
15664:
15638:
15637:
15618:
15616:
15614:
15611:
15602:
15601:
15599:
15597:
15594:
15591:
15582:
15581:
15579:
15570:
15568:
15563:
15554:
15553:
15551:
15542:
15539:
15536:
15527:
15526:
15524:
15522:
15520:
15517:
15508:
15507:
15505:
15503:
15501:
15498:
15489:
15488:
15486:
15470:
15469:
15467:
15458:
15455:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:word positions
15442:
15432:
15431:
15429:
15413:
15412:
15397:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15383:
15380:word positions
15377:
15367:
15366:
15364:
15362:
15360:
15357:
15348:
15347:
15345:
15343:
15341:
15338:
15329:
15328:
15326:
15324:
15322:
15319:
15310:
15309:
15307:
15305:
15303:
15300:
15291:
15290:
15281:
15262:
15259:
15256:
15247:
15246:
15244:
15242:
15240:
15237:
15228:
15227:
15212:
15197:
15194:
15191:
15183:
15173:
15172:
15170:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15157:
15147:
15146:
15144:
15135:
15133:
15130:
15126:
15116:
15115:
15113:
15111:
15108:
15105:
15096:
15095:
15093:
15077:
15076:
15067:
15048:
15045:
15042:
15033:
15032:
15030:
15021:
15019:
15014:
15005:
15004:
15002:
15000:
14998:
14995:
14986:
14985:
14966:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14950:
14949:
14947:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14931:
14930:
14928:
14926:
14923:
14920:
14916:
14906:
14905:
14903:
14901:
14899:
14892:
14888:
14878:
14877:
14875:
14873:
14871:
14868:
14864:
14854:
14853:
14850:
14841:
14840:
14838:
14836:
14833:
14830:
14821:
14820:
14818:
14809:
14807:
14802:
14793:
14792:
14789:
14780:
14779:
14777:
14775:
14772:
14769:
14760:
14759:
14757:
14755:
14753:
14750:
14741:
14740:
14738:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14722:
14721:
14719:
14717:
14715:
14708:
14704:
14694:
14693:
14691:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14672:
14664:
14654:
14653:
14644:
14642:
14640:
14633:
14625:
14615:
14614:
14601:
14599:
14586:
14584:
14570:
14568:
14554:
14552:
14542:
14541:
14538:
14529:
14528:
14526:
14524:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14514:
14511:
14508:
14503:
14496:
14487:
14486:
14484:
14482:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14472:
14469:
14466:
14461:
14454:
14445:
14444:
14442:
14437:
14428:
14425:
14422:
14419:
14416:
14411:
14404:
14395:
14394:
14389:
14363:
14362:
14357:
14338:
14336:
14334:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14324:
14319:
14312:
14303:
14302:
14300:
14298:
14296:
14294:
14291:
14288:
14285:
14282:
14277:
14270:
14261:
14260:
14258:
14256:
14251:
14242:
14240:
14238:
14235:
14230:
14225:
14218:
14209:
14208:
14206:
14204:
14199:
14190:
14187:
14184:
14181:
14178:
14173:
14166:
14157:
14156:
14154:
14152:
14150:
14148:
14146:
14144:
14141:
14138:
14133:
14126:
14117:
14116:
14114:
14112:
14110:
14108:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14098:
14093:
14086:
14077:
14076:
14074:
14072:
14067:
14051:
14050:
14048:
14046:
14041:
14032:
14028:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14016:
14013:
14010:
14008:
14003:
13996:
13993:word positions
13990:
13980:
13979:
13977:
13975:
13973:/ˌʕadloˈjadaʕ/
13970:
13954:
13953:
13951:
13936:
13934:
13932:
13929:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13908:
13900:
13893:
13890:word positions
13887:
13877:
13876:
13874:
13872:
13870:
13868:
13866:
13864:
13861:
13858:
13853:
13846:
13837:
13836:
13834:
13832:
13830:
13828:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13818:
13816:great-grandson
13813:
13806:
13797:
13796:
13794:
13792:
13790:
13788:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13778:
13773:
13766:
13757:
13756:
13754:
13752:
13750:
13748:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13738:
13733:
13726:
13717:
13716:
13714:
13705:
13700:
13681:
13678:
13675:
13672:
13669:
13667:branch-roofing
13664:
13657:
13648:
13647:
13645:
13643:
13641:
13639:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13629:
13624:
13617:
13608:
13607:
13602:
13587:
13576:
13561:
13558:
13555:
13552:
13549:
13544:
13537:
13529:
13519:
13518:
13516:
13514:
13512:
13510:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13500:
13495:
13488:
13482:
13472:
13471:
13469:
13467:
13462:
13453:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13443:
13438:
13431:
13427:
13417:
13416:
13414:
13412:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13402:
13399:
13396:
13391:
13384:
13375:
13374:
13372:
13370:
13368:
13352:
13351:
13349:
13340:
13335:
13316:
13313:
13310:
13307:
13304:
13299:
13292:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13278:
13273:
13264:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13252:
13247:
13240:
13231:
13230:
13228:
13226:
13224:
13222:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13212:
13207:
13200:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13169:
13167:
13165:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13155:
13150:
13143:
13134:
13133:
13131:
13129:
13127:
13125:
13123:
13121:
13118:
13115:
13110:
13103:
13094:
13093:
13091:
13089:
13087:
13085:
13082:
13079:
13076:
13073:
13068:
13061:
13057:
13047:
13046:
13044:
13042:
13040:
13038:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13024:
13019:
13012:
13008:
12998:
12997:
12995:
12993:
12991:
12989:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12979:
12974:
12967:
12963:
12953:
12952:
12949:
12940:
12939:
12937:
12935:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12925:
12922:
12919:
12914:
12907:
12898:
12897:
12895:
12893:
12888:
12879:
12877:
12875:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12855:
12846:
12845:
12842:
12833:
12832:
12830:
12828:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12818:
12815:
12812:
12807:
12800:
12791:
12790:
12788:
12786:
12784:
12782:
12780:
12778:
12775:
12772:
12767:
12760:
12751:
12750:
12748:
12746:
12744:
12742:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12732:
12727:
12720:
12711:
12710:
12708:
12706:
12704:
12702:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12688:
12683:
12676:
12672:
12662:
12661:
12659:
12657:
12652:
12643:
12639:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12627:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12614:
12607:
12599:
12589:
12588:
12586:
12577:
12575:
12573:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12559:
12554:
12547:
12539:
12529:
12528:
12523:
12510:
12508:
12503:
12490:
12488:
12483:
12469:
12467:
12462:
12448:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12430:
12429:
12394:
12393:
12392:transcription.
12379:
12365:
12316:
12313:
12267:
12266:
12263:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12242:
12239:
12238:
12235:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12214:
12211:
12210:
12207:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12186:
12183:
12182:
12179:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12158:
12155:
12154:
12151:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12130:
12127:
12126:
12123:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12089:
12086:
12085:
12082:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12048:
12045:
12044:
12041:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12007:
12004:
12003:
12000:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11966:
11963:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11874:Main article:
11871:
11868:
11865:
11864:
11825:
11818:
11817:
11806:
11799:
11798:
11795:
11788:
11785:
11782:
11781:
11774:
11767:
11764:
11757:
11750:
11747:
11744:
11740:
11739:
11732:
11725:
11722:
11715:
11708:
11705:
11702:
11698:
11697:
11690:
11683:
11680:
11673:
11666:
11663:
11660:
11656:
11655:
11648:
11641:
11638:
11631:
11624:
11621:
11618:
11614:
11613:
11606:
11599:
11596:
11593:
11589:
11588:
11575:
11568:
11565:
11558:
11551:
11548:
11545:
11541:
11540:
11533:
11526:
11523:
11520:
11516:
11515:
11508:
11501:
11498:
11491:
11484:
11481:
11478:
11474:
11473:
11466:
11459:
11456:
11449:
11442:
11439:
11436:
11432:
11431:
11424:
11417:
11414:
11407:
11400:
11397:
11394:
11390:
11389:
11382:
11375:
11372:
11369:
11365:
11364:
11357:
11350:
11347:
11340:
11333:
11330:
11327:
11323:
11322:
11315:
11308:
11305:
11302:
11298:
11297:
11290:
11283:
11280:
11273:
11266:
11263:
11260:
11256:
11255:
11248:
11241:
11238:
11231:
11224:
11221:
11218:
11214:
11213:
11206:
11199:
11196:
11193:
11189:
11188:
11181:
11174:
11171:
11164:
11157:
11154:
11151:
11147:
11146:
11139:
11132:
11129:
11122:
11115:
11112:
11109:
11105:
11104:
11097:
11090:
11087:
11080:
11073:
11070:
11067:
11063:
11062:
11055:
11048:
11045:
11038:
11031:
11028:
11025:
11021:
11020:
11013:
11006:
11003:
10996:
10989:
10986:
10983:
10979:
10978:
10971:
10964:
10961:
10954:
10947:
10944:
10941:
10937:
10936:
10929:
10922:
10919:
10912:
10905:
10902:
10899:
10895:
10894:
10887:
10880:
10877:
10870:
10863:
10860:
10857:
10853:
10852:
10845:
10838:
10835:
10828:
10821:
10818:
10815:
10811:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10793:
10786:
10779:
10776:
10773:
10769:
10768:
10761:
10754:
10751:
10744:
10737:
10734:
10731:
10727:
10726:
10719:
10712:
10705:
10698:
10691:
10683:
10674:
10673:
10670:
10667:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10624:Cursive Hebrew
10619:
10616:
10582:Main article:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10560:
10554:
10553:
10541:
10535:
10534:
10529:have the same
10519:
10513:
10512:
10495:
10489:
10488:
10481:
10478:
10469:
10467:
10461:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10446:
10443:
10434:
10432:
10426:
10419:
10418:
10411:
10408:
10399:
10393:
10387:
10380:
10379:
10372:
10369:
10360:
10354:
10348:
10341:
10340:
10333:
10330:
10321:
10315:
10309:
10302:
10301:
10298:
10295:
10291:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10259:
10256:
10253:
10252:
10246:
10243:
10234:
10227:
10225:Reduced Kamatz
10221:
10220:
10213:
10210:
10201:
10194:
10192:Reduced Patach
10188:
10187:
10180:
10177:
10168:
10161:
10155:
10154:
10147:
10137:
10120:
10113:
10107:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10090:
10089:
10087:Israeli Hebrew
10084:
10081:
10067:
10053:Main article:
10050:
10047:
10021:Main article:
10018:
10015:
9964:and sometimes
9947:
9946:
9941:
9934:
9928:
9927:
9920:
9917:
9908:
9903:
9897:
9891:
9890:
9885:
9879:
9873:
9872:
9865:
9862:
9853:
9848:
9841:
9835:
9834:
9823:
9820:
9802:
9797:
9790:
9784:
9783:
9776:
9773:
9764:
9759:
9752:
9746:
9745:
9738:
9735:
9726:
9721:
9714:
9708:
9707:
9696:
9689:
9670:
9665:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9644:
9641:
9632:
9627:
9620:
9614:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9597:
9596:
9594:Israeli Hebrew
9591:
9588:
9585:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9554:
9553:
9550:
9547:
9538:
9537:
9534:
9531:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9499:
9492:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9479:
9470:
9465:
9458:
9457:
9456:ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
9454:
9451:
9448:
9439:
9434:
9427:
9426:
9425:ê, ệ, ậ, â, ô
9423:
9420:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9400:
9399:
9392:
9385:
9378:
9367:
9360:
9292:Main article:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9279:
9268:
9267:pharyngealized
9265:
9263:pharyngealized
9255:
9254:
9251:
9250:
9240:
9231:
9229:
9220:
9218:
9209:
9207:
9198:
9196:
9187:
9185:
9178:
9177:
9167:
9158:
9156:
9147:
9145:
9136:
9134:
9125:
9123:
9114:
9112:
9103:
9101:
9092:
9090:
9083:
9082:
9072:
9063:
9061:
9052:
9050:
9041:
9039:
9030:
9028:
9019:
9017:
9008:
9006:
8997:
8995:
8988:
8987:
8977:
8968:
8966:
8957:
8955:
8946:
8944:
8935:
8933:
8924:
8922:
8913:
8911:
8902:
8900:
8893:
8892:
8882:
8873:
8871:
8862:
8860:
8851:
8849:
8832:
8830:
8813:
8811:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8788:
8781:
8780:
8770:
8761:
8759:
8750:
8748:
8739:
8737:
8728:
8718:
8708:
8706:
8697:
8695:
8686:
8684:
8675:
8673:
8666:
8665:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8635:
8633:
8624:
8622:
8613:
8611:
8602:
8600:
8593:
8592:
8582:
8573:
8571:
8562:
8560:
8551:
8549:
8540:
8538:
8529:
8527:
8518:
8516:
8507:
8505:
8498:
8497:
8487:
8478:
8476:
8467:
8465:
8456:
8454:
8445:
8443:
8434:
8432:
8423:
8421:
8412:
8410:
8403:
8402:
8392:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8375:
8373:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8344:
8343:
8324:
8315:
8313:
8304:
8302:
8293:
8291:
8282:
8280:
8271:
8269:
8260:
8258:
8249:
8247:
8240:
8239:
8229:
8220:
8218:
8209:
8207:
8198:
8196:
8187:
8185:
8176:
8174:
8165:
8163:
8154:
8152:
8145:
8144:
8134:
8125:
8123:
8114:
8112:
8103:
8101:
8092:
8090:
8081:
8079:
8070:
8068:
8059:
8057:
8050:
8049:
8039:
8030:
8028:
8019:
8017:
8008:
8006:
7997:
7995:
7986:
7984:
7982:
7980:
7971:
7969:
7962:
7961:
7951:
7942:
7940:
7931:
7929:
7920:
7918:
7909:
7907:
7898:
7896:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7881:
7874:
7873:
7863:
7854:
7852:
7843:
7841:
7832:
7830:
7821:
7819:
7810:
7808:
7799:
7797:
7788:
7786:
7779:
7778:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7752:
7750:
7741:
7739:
7730:
7728:
7719:
7717:
7709:
7708:
7698:
7689:
7687:
7678:
7676:
7667:
7665:
7656:
7654:
7645:
7643:
7634:
7632:
7623:
7621:
7614:
7613:
7603:
7598:
7596:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7565:
7563:
7554:
7552:
7545:
7544:
7534:
7532:
7530:
7521:
7519:
7510:
7508:
7499:
7497:
7488:
7486:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7464:
7463:
7453:
7444:
7442:
7433:
7431:
7422:
7420:
7411:
7409:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7385:
7383:
7376:
7375:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7337:
7335:
7328:
7327:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7289:
7287:
7280:
7279:
7269:
7260:
7258:
7249:
7247:
7238:
7236:
7227:
7225:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7201:
7199:
7192:
7191:
7181:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7146:
7139:
7138:
7128:
7119:
7117:
7108:
7106:
7097:
7095:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7073:
7072:
7062:
7053:
7051:
7042:
7040:
7031:
7029:
7020:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7001:
6999:
6992:
6991:
6981:
6972:
6970:
6961:
6959:
6950:
6948:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6926:
6925:
6915:
6906:
6904:
6895:
6893:
6884:
6882:
6873:
6871:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6847:
6845:
6838:
6837:
6827:
6818:
6816:
6807:
6805:
6796:
6794:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6766:
6764:
6757:
6756:
6746:
6737:
6735:
6726:
6724:
6715:
6713:
6704:
6702:
6693:
6691:
6682:
6680:
6671:
6669:
6662:
6661:
6642:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6580:Reconstructed
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6363:
6350:uvular plosive
6278:Sefer Yetzirah
6188:
6185:
6177:
6176:
6167:
6164:
6151:
6144:
6131:
6118:
6117:
6108:
6105:
6092:
6085:
6072:
6058:
6057:
6048:
6045:
6032:
6019:
6018:
6009:
6006:
5994:
5976:
5975:
5966:
5963:
5951:
5938:
5937:
5928:
5925:
5906:
5892:
5891:
5882:
5879:
5867:
5849:
5848:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5817:
5807:
5806:
5785:
5780:
5767:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5728:
5725:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5667:
5630:
5614:
5605:
5586:
5576:
5575:
5524:
5515:
5502:
5486:
5477:
5471:
5467:
5466:
5459:
5453:
5432:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5389:
5370:
5349:
5340:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5286:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5270:
5267:
5258:
5256:(non standard)
5240:
5239:or double Vav
5234:
5233:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5207:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5180:
5177:
5168:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5141:
5138:
5129:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5072:⟩, and
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5007:
4992:
4985:
4970:
4945:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4662:Main article:
4659:
4656:
4633:Historically,
4629:
4628:
4622:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4587:
4584:
4579:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4505:
4502:
4476:
4475:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4447:
4441:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4381:
4376:
4367:
4360:
4359:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4315:
4308:
4307:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4267:
4258:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4216:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4166:
4160:
4155:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4136:/ˈsˤɔðisœˈfiθ/
4133:
4131:/ˈtsadiksofit/
4128:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4101:
4100:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4056:
4047:
4040:
4039:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3950:
3944:
3935:
3928:
3927:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3894:
3888:
3879:
3872:
3871:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3838:
3832:
3827:
3818:
3811:
3810:
3793:When ʔ, as in
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3767:
3761:
3756:
3731:
3724:
3723:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3589:
3580:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3539:
3538:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3498:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3441:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3372:
3365:
3364:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3220:
3211:
3204:
3203:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3170:
3164:
3159:
3150:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3102:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2980:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2932:
2923:
2916:
2915:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2862:
2855:
2854:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2769:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2663:
2656:
2655:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2555:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2522:When ʔ, as in
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2489:
2472:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2443:
2434:
2421:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2391:Name of letter
2388:
2381:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2317:Masoretic text
2305:A reversal to
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1859:
1856:
1744:), or
1714:
1711:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1354:
1351:
1320:Persian Empire
1281: 700 BCE
1243:Gezer calendar
1227:Main article:
1221:Book of Joshua
1213:Masoretic Text
1183:
1180:
1069:cursive Hebrew
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
938:
932:
931:
930:
929:
928:
910:
909:
908:
907:
906:
889:
883:
872:
871:
870:
853:
847:
841:
835:
834:
833:
827:
821:
820:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
765:
764:
763:
757:
756:
755:
754:
753:
752:
751:
740:
739:
738:
709:
708:
707:
706:
705:
687:
681:
680:
679:
661:
660:
659:
656:Square Aramaic
647:
646:
645:
644:
643:
642:
641:
629:
628:
627:
615:
614:
613:
607:
601:
574:
562:
561:
560:
541:
538:
537:
531:
520:
514:
513:
512:
511:
510:
509:
508:
492:
491:
490:
473:
461:Proto-Sinaitic
455:
454:
453:
452:
451:
404:
403:
398:
397:
385:, you may see
373:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
354:⟩, see
327:
326:
324:
323:
316:
308:
306:
301:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
281:
280:
271:
265:
264:
260:
259:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
228:
223:
218:
212:
210:
208:Sister systems
207:
204:
203:
201:
200:
195:
189:
187:
184:
181:
180:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
149:
147:
145:Parent systems
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22865:
22854:
22851:
22849:
22846:
22844:
22841:
22839:
22836:
22834:
22831:
22829:
22826:
22824:
22821:
22819:
22816:
22815:
22813:
22798:
22795:
22793:
22790:
22788:
22785:
22783:
22780:
22778:
22775:
22771:
22768:
22767:
22766:
22763:
22762:
22759:
22750:
22747:
22744:
22741:
22738:
22735:
22732:
22729:
22726:
22723:
22720:
22717:
22714:
22711:
22708:
22705:
22702:
22699:
22696:
22693:
22690:
22687:
22686:
22683:
22681:
22680:
22674:
22672:
22670:
22669:
22663:
22661:
22659:
22658:
22652:
22650:
22648:
22647:
22641:
22639:
22637:
22636:
22630:
22628:
22626:
22625:
22619:
22617:
22615:
22614:
22608:
22606:
22604:
22603:
22597:
22595:
22593:
22592:
22586:
22584:
22582:
22581:
22575:
22573:
22571:
22570:
22564:
22562:
22560:
22559:
22553:
22551:
22549:
22548:
22542:
22540:
22538:
22537:
22531:
22529:
22527:
22526:
22520:
22518:
22516:
22515:
22509:
22507:
22505:
22504:
22498:
22496:
22494:
22493:
22487:
22485:
22483:
22482:
22476:
22474:
22472:
22471:
22465:
22463:
22461:
22460:
22454:
22452:
22450:
22449:
22443:
22442:
22437:
22433:
22425:
22420:
22418:
22413:
22411:
22406:
22405:
22402:
22385:
22381:
22378:
22374:
22371:
22367:
22366:
22364:
22360:
22353:
22349:
22346:
22345:Night writing
22342:
22339:
22335:
22332:
22328:
22325:
22321:
22320:
22318:
22316:
22311:
22304:
22300:
22297:
22293:
22290:
22286:
22283:
22279:
22276:
22272:
22269:
22265:
22262:
22258:
22257:
22255:
22253:Organisations
22251:
22244:
22240:
22237:
22233:
22230:
22226:
22223:
22219:
22216:
22215:Valentin Haüy
22212:
22209:
22205:
22202:
22198:
22195:
22194:Louis Braille
22191:
22190:
22188:
22184:
22177:
22173:
22170:
22166:
22163:
22159:
22156:
22152:
22149:
22145:
22142:
22138:
22135:
22131:
22128:
22127:Braille watch
22124:
22121:
22117:
22114:
22110:
22107:
22103:
22102:
22100:
22098:
22094:
22087:
22083:
22080:
22076:
22072:
22068:
22065:
22061:
22058:
22054:
22051:
22050:Braille music
22047:
22046:
22044:
22040:
22028:
22024:
22021:
22017:
22014:
22013:Luxembourgish
22010:
22009:
22007:
22003:
21996:
21992:
21989:
21985:
21980:
21976:
21973:
21969:
21966:
21962:
21959:
21955:
21954:
21950:
21949:
21947:
21943:
21935:
21931:
21930:
21928:
21924:
21916:
21912:
21911:
21909:
21905:
21894:
21890:
21886:
21882:
21879:
21875:
21871:
21867:
21864:
21860:
21857:
21853:
21850:
21846:
21842:
21838:
21835:
21831:
21828:
21824:
21821:
21817:
21816:
21814:
21812:Other scripts
21810:
21802:
21798:
21795:
21791:
21788:
21784:
21781:
21777:
21774:
21770:
21767:
21763:
21760:
21756:
21753:
21749:
21746:
21742:
21739:
21735:
21732:
21728:
21727:
21725:
21723:
21716:
21708:
21704:
21701:
21697:
21694:
21690:
21689:
21687:
21684:
21677:
21670:
21666:
21663:
21659:
21656:
21652:
21649:
21645:
21642:
21638:
21635:
21631:
21628:
21624:
21621:
21617:
21616:
21614:
21611:
21604:
21593:
21588:
21585:
21584:Northern Sámi
21581:
21576:
21571:
21566:
21565:
21563:
21559:
21556:
21552:
21549:
21545:
21542:
21538:
21537:
21535:
21533:Nordic family
21531:
21524:
21520:
21517:
21513:
21510:
21506:
21503:
21499:
21496:
21492:
21488:
21484:
21481:
21477:
21474:
21473:South African
21470:
21467:
21463:
21460:
21456:
21453:
21449:
21446:
21442:
21439:
21435:
21432:
21428:
21425:
21421:
21418:
21414:
21411:
21407:
21404:
21400:
21396:
21395:Luxembourgish
21392:
21389:
21385:
21382:
21378:
21375:
21371:
21368:
21364:
21361:
21357:
21354:
21350:
21347:
21343:
21340:
21336:
21333:
21329:
21326:
21322:
21319:
21315:
21312:
21308:
21305:
21301:
21297:
21293:
21289:
21286:
21282:
21279:
21275:
21271:
21267:
21264:
21260:
21257:
21253:
21250:
21246:
21243:
21239:
21238:
21236:
21234:
21230:
21227:
21223:
21216:
21212:
21209:
21208:ASCII braille
21205:
21202:
21198:
21195:
21191:
21190:
21188:
21184:
21176:
21169:
21164:
21162:
21157:
21155:
21150:
21149:
21146:
21142:
21124:
21121:
21119:
21116:
21114:
21111:
21109:
21106:
21104:
21101:
21099:
21096:
21094:
21091:
21089:
21086:
21084:
21081:
21079:
21076:
21074:
21071:
21069:
21066:
21064:
21061:
21059:
21056:
21052:
21049:
21047:
21044:
21042:
21039:
21037:
21034:
21032:
21029:
21027:
21024:
21023:
21022:
21019:
21017:
21014:
21012:
21009:
21007:
21004:
21002:
20999:
20997:
20994:
20992:
20989:
20987:
20984:
20982:
20979:
20977:
20974:
20972:
20969:
20967:
20964:
20962:
20959:
20957:
20954:
20952:
20949:
20948:
20945:
20941:
20936:
20932:
20922:
20919:
20917:
20914:
20912:
20909:
20907:
20904:
20903:
20900:
20896:
20891:
20887:
20873:
20870:
20868:
20865:
20863:
20860:
20858:
20855:
20853:
20850:
20848:
20845:
20844:
20842:
20838:
20832:
20829:
20827:
20824:
20822:
20819:
20817:
20814:
20812:
20809:
20807:
20804:
20803:
20801:
20797:
20793:
20789:
20784:
20780:
20766:
20763:
20762:
20760:
20756:
20750:
20747:
20745:
20742:
20740:
20739:Attic (Greek)
20737:
20735:
20732:
20730:
20727:
20726:
20724:
20720:
20714:
20711:
20709:
20706:
20704:
20701:
20700:
20698:
20694:
20688:
20685:
20683:
20680:
20678:
20677:Proto-Elamite
20675:
20673:
20670:
20668:
20665:
20663:
20660:
20658:
20655:
20653:
20650:
20649:
20647:
20643:
20637:
20634:
20632:
20629:
20627:
20624:
20622:
20619:
20617:
20614:
20612:
20609:
20608:
20606:
20604:
20600:
20590:
20587:
20585:
20582:
20580:
20577:
20575:
20572:
20571:
20569:
20565:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20549:
20546:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20532:
20529:
20527:
20524:
20522:
20519:
20518:
20517:
20514:
20512:
20509:
20507:
20504:
20502:
20499:
20497:
20494:
20493:
20491:
20489:
20485:
20482:
20480:
20476:
20472:
20468:
20463:
20459:
20449:
20446:
20444:
20441:
20439:
20436:
20434:
20431:
20429:
20426:
20424:
20421:
20419:
20416:
20414:
20411:
20409:
20406:
20404:
20401:
20399:
20396:
20394:
20391:
20389:
20386:
20384:
20381:
20379:
20376:
20374:
20371:
20369:
20366:
20364:
20361:
20360:
20357:
20353:
20348:
20344:
20330:
20327:
20325:
20322:
20320:
20317:
20315:
20312:
20310:
20307:
20305:
20302:
20301:
20299:
20295:
20289:
20286:
20284:
20281:
20279:
20276:
20274:
20271:
20269:
20266:
20264:
20261:
20259:
20256:
20254:
20251:
20249:
20246:
20244:
20241:
20239:
20236:
20234:
20231:
20229:
20226:
20224:
20221:
20217:
20214:
20212:
20209:
20207:
20204:
20202:
20199:
20197:
20194:
20192:
20191:Elder Futhark
20189:
20187:
20184:
20182:
20179:
20177:
20174:
20173:
20172:
20169:
20167:
20164:
20162:
20159:
20157:
20154:
20152:
20149:
20147:
20144:
20142:
20139:
20133:
20130:
20128:
20125:
20123:
20120:
20118:
20115:
20113:
20110:
20109:
20108:
20105:
20104:
20103:
20100:
20098:
20095:
20093:
20090:
20088:
20085:
20083:
20082:Old Hungarian
20080:
20078:
20075:
20073:
20070:
20068:
20065:
20063:
20060:
20058:
20055:
20053:
20050:
20048:
20045:
20043:
20040:
20038:
20035:
20033:
20030:
20028:
20025:
20021:
20018:
20016:
20013:
20011:
20008:
20006:
20003:
20001:
19998:
19996:
19993:
19991:
19988:
19986:
19983:
19981:
19978:
19976:
19973:
19971:
19968:
19966:
19963:
19961:
19958:
19956:
19953:
19952:
19951:
19948:
19946:
19943:
19941:
19938:
19936:
19933:
19931:
19928:
19926:
19923:
19921:
19918:
19916:
19913:
19910:
19906:
19903:
19901:
19898:
19896:
19893:
19891:
19888:
19886:
19883:
19879:
19876:
19874:
19871:
19869:
19866:
19865:
19864:
19861:
19859:
19856:
19854:
19851:
19849:
19846:
19844:
19841:
19839:
19836:
19834:
19831:
19829:
19826:
19824:
19821:
19819:
19816:
19814:
19811:
19807:
19804:
19803:
19802:
19799:
19797:
19794:
19790:
19787:
19785:
19782:
19781:
19780:
19777:
19775:
19772:
19770:
19767:
19765:
19762:
19760:
19757:
19755:
19752:
19750:
19747:
19745:
19742:
19740:
19737:
19733:
19730:
19729:
19728:
19725:
19723:
19720:
19718:
19715:
19713:
19710:
19709:
19707:
19703:
19699:
19695:
19690:
19686:
19672:
19669:
19667:
19664:
19662:
19659:
19657:
19654:
19652:
19649:
19647:
19644:
19642:
19639:
19637:
19634:
19632:
19629:
19627:
19624:
19622:
19619:
19617:
19616:Masaram Gondi
19614:
19612:
19609:
19607:
19604:
19602:
19599:
19597:
19594:
19592:
19589:
19587:
19586:Gunjala Gondi
19584:
19582:
19579:
19577:
19574:
19572:
19569:
19565:
19562:
19560:
19557:
19556:
19555:
19552:
19550:
19547:
19545:
19542:
19541:
19539:
19535:
19523:
19520:
19518:
19515:
19514:
19513:
19510:
19506:
19503:
19501:
19498:
19496:
19493:
19491:
19488:
19486:
19483:
19481:
19478:
19476:
19473:
19472:
19471:
19468:
19466:
19463:
19461:
19458:
19456:
19453:
19451:
19448:
19446:
19443:
19441:
19438:
19436:
19433:
19431:
19428:
19426:
19423:
19421:
19418:
19416:
19413:
19411:
19408:
19406:
19403:
19399:
19398:Old Sundanese
19396:
19395:
19394:
19391:
19389:
19386:
19384:
19381:
19379:
19376:
19374:
19371:
19369:
19366:
19364:
19361:
19359:
19356:
19352:
19349:
19347:
19344:
19343:
19342:
19341:Old Maldivian
19339:
19337:
19334:
19332:
19329:
19325:
19324:Bilang-bilang
19322:
19321:
19320:
19317:
19315:
19312:
19310:
19307:
19305:
19302:
19300:
19297:
19295:
19292:
19288:
19285:
19284:
19283:
19280:
19278:
19275:
19273:
19270:
19268:
19265:
19263:
19260:
19258:
19255:
19253:
19250:
19248:
19245:
19243:
19240:
19238:
19235:
19233:
19230:
19228:
19225:
19223:
19220:
19218:
19215:
19213:
19210:
19208:
19205:
19203:
19200:
19198:
19195:
19193:
19190:
19189:
19187:
19183:
19177:
19174:
19172:
19169:
19165:
19162:
19160:
19157:
19156:
19155:
19152:
19150:
19147:
19145:
19144:Sylheti Nagri
19142:
19140:
19137:
19135:
19132:
19130:
19127:
19125:
19122:
19118:
19115:
19114:
19113:
19110:
19106:
19103:
19101:
19098:
19096:
19093:
19091:
19088:
19086:
19083:
19081:
19078:
19076:
19073:
19071:
19068:
19066:
19063:
19061:
19058:
19056:
19053:
19051:
19048:
19047:
19046:
19043:
19041:
19038:
19036:
19033:
19031:
19028:
19026:
19023:
19021:
19018:
19016:
19013:
19011:
19008:
19006:
19003:
19001:
18998:
18996:
18993:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18981:
18978:
18976:
18973:
18971:
18968:
18966:
18963:
18961:
18958:
18956:
18953:
18951:
18948:
18946:
18945:Brahmi script
18943:
18941:
18938:
18936:
18933:
18932:
18930:
18926:
18923:
18921:
18917:
18913:
18909:
18904:
18900:
18890:
18887:
18885:
18882:
18878:
18875:
18873:
18870:
18868:
18865:
18864:
18863:
18860:
18858:
18855:
18851:
18848:
18846:
18843:
18842:
18841:
18840:South Arabian
18838:
18836:
18833:
18831:
18828:
18826:
18823:
18821:
18818:
18814:
18811:
18810:
18809:
18806:
18804:
18801:
18797:
18794:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18786:Inscriptional
18784:
18782:
18779:
18778:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18767:
18764:
18762:
18759:
18757:
18754:
18752:
18749:
18745:
18742:
18740:
18737:
18735:
18732:
18730:
18727:
18726:
18725:
18722:
18720:
18717:
18715:
18712:
18708:
18705:
18704:
18703:
18700:
18696:
18693:
18692:
18691:
18688:
18687:
18684:
18683:
18679:
18678:
18675:
18671:
18666:
18662:
18658:
18654:
18649:
18645:
18635:
18631:
18627:
18624:
18622:
18619:
18617:
18614:
18613:
18612:
18609:
18608:
18606:
18602:
18596:
18593:
18591:
18588:
18587:
18585:
18581:
18577:
18573:
18569:
18562:
18557:
18555:
18550:
18548:
18543:
18542:
18539:
18527:
18526:
18522:
18520:
18519:
18515:
18513:
18512:
18508:
18506:
18505:
18501:
18499:
18498:
18494:
18493:
18491:
18487:
18481:
18478:
18476:
18473:
18471:
18468:
18465:
18461:
18457:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18444:
18442:
18439:
18437:
18434:
18432:
18429:
18428:
18426:
18422:
18416:
18413:
18411:
18408:
18406:
18403:
18401:
18398:
18396:
18395:Semitic roots
18393:
18391:
18388:
18387:
18384:
18381:
18379:
18376:
18375:
18373:
18371:
18367:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18354:
18351:
18349:
18348:Modern Hebrew
18346:
18344:
18341:
18340:
18338:
18336:
18332:
18322:
18319:
18317:
18314:
18312:
18309:
18307:
18304:
18302:
18299:
18297:
18294:
18292:
18289:
18287:
18284:
18283:
18281:
18279:
18275:
18269:
18266:
18264:
18263:Abbreviations
18261:
18259:
18258:
18254:
18252:
18248:
18244:
18241:
18240:
18238:
18236:
18232:
18226:
18223:
18221:
18218:
18216:
18213:
18211:
18208:
18206:
18203:
18201:
18200:Kubutz/shuruk
18198:
18196:
18193:
18191:
18188:
18186:
18183:
18181:
18178:
18176:
18173:
18171:
18168:
18166:
18163:
18162:
18159:
18156:
18154:
18151:
18149:
18146:
18144:
18141:
18140:
18138:
18136:
18132:
18126:
18123:
18121:
18118:
18116:
18113:
18111:
18108:
18106:
18103:
18101:
18098:
18096:
18093:
18091:
18088:
18086:
18083:
18081:
18078:
18076:
18073:
18071:
18068:
18066:
18063:
18061:
18058:
18056:
18053:
18051:
18048:
18046:
18043:
18041:
18038:
18036:
18033:
18031:
18028:
18026:
18023:
18021:
18018:
18017:
18015:
18013:
18009:
18003:
18000:
17998:
17995:
17993:
17990:
17988:
17985:
17983:
17980:
17978:
17975:
17973:
17970:
17969:
17967:
17963:
17957:
17954:
17953:
17951:
17947:
17944:
17940:
17931:
17928:
17923:
17920:
17915:
17912:
17910:
17907:
17905:
17902:
17898:
17893:
17890:
17888:
17885:
17883:
17880:
17878:
17875:
17874:
17872:
17868:
17862:
17859:
17857:
17854:
17852:
17849:
17845:
17840:
17837:
17836:
17834:
17830:
17824:
17821:
17819:
17815:
17812:
17810:
17807:
17805:
17802:
17800:
17797:
17795:
17792:
17791:
17789:
17785:
17781:
17774:
17769:
17767:
17762:
17760:
17755:
17754:
17751:
17744:
17740:
17737:
17734:
17731:
17728:
17725:
17722:
17721:
17712:
17709:
17707:
17704:
17702:
17699:
17698:
17685:
17684:
17679:
17675:
17670:
17666:
17660:
17656:
17655:
17649:
17647:
17645:
17640:
17636:
17634:9780802825421
17630:
17626:
17622:
17618:
17614:
17613:
17607:
17603:
17599:
17595:
17591:
17587:
17583:
17579:
17575:
17571:
17566:
17562:
17560:9780664229740
17556:
17552:
17551:
17545:
17542:
17536:
17524:
17523:
17512:
17507:
17505:
17495:
17486:
17477:
17468:
17457:
17450:
17444:
17442:
17440:
17438:
17436:
17427:
17421:
17414:
17410:
17405:
17397:
17391:
17383:
17377:
17373:
17366:
17359:
17355:
17352:
17347:
17345:
17343:
17341:
17339:
17337:
17335:
17333:
17331:
17319:
17301:
17291:
17289:
17287:
17285:
17276:
17270:
17262:
17255:
17248:
17233:
17229:
17223:
17216:
17210:
17203:
17198:
17191:
17186:
17179:
17174:
17168:, p. 75.
17167:
17162:
17155:
17150:
17142:
17136:
17132:
17125:
17118:
17114:
17108:
17101:
17097:
17091:
17084:
17079:
17077:
17068:
17061:
17055:
17053:
17051:
17049:
17041:
17036:
17029:
17024:
17018:, p. 16.
17017:
17012:
17004:
16998:
16994:
16993:
16985:
16977:
16970:
16964:
16959:
16953:
16949:
16946:
16941:
16935:
16931:
16928:
16923:
16915:
16909:
16905:
16904:
16896:
16888:
16881:
16874:
16870:
16866:
16862:
16858:
16854:
16850:
16846:
16840:
16830:
16821:
16813:
16809:
16805:
16801:
16797:
16793:
16789:
16785:
16778:
16771:
16770:
16765:
16759:
16755:
16740:
16736:
16733:
16730:
16726:
16720:
16716:
16712:
16708:
16702:
16694:
16687:
16682:
16678:
16669:
16667:
16661:
16645:
16639:
16636:
16635:Modern Hebrew
16608:
16604:
16600:
16572:
16568:
16567:
16536:
16532:
16528:
16524:
16520:
16516:
16512:
16505:, and
16495:
16493:
16489:
16484:
16464:
16462:
16448:
16445:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16417:
16414:
16412:
16409:
16407:
16404:
16402:
16399:
16398:
16392:
16390:
16386:
16381:
16379:
16375:
16371:
16367:
16363:
16362:
16357:
16353:
16349:
16345:
16336:
16331:
16327:
16317:
16315:
16311:
16293:
16289:
16266:
16253:
16249:
16232:
16228:
16218:
16216:
16199:
16164:
16163:countable set
16160:
16142:
16129:
16119:
16117:
16113:
16112:Mishna Berura
16107:
16101:
16100:
16093:
16091:
16087:
16083:
16078:
16076:
16072:
16068:
16064:
16057:
16052:
16048:
16046:
16042:
16038:
16034:
16033:Sefer Yezirah
16029:
16027:
16023:
16019:
16015:
16008:Religious use
16005:
16003:
15991:
15979:
15963:
15957:
15945:
15940:
15920:
15914:
15907:
15903:
15895:
15887:
15882:, which like
15879:
15864:
15860:
15828:
15825:
15820:
15810:
15804:
15794:
15771:
15752:
15749:
15748:
15733:
15725:
15714:
15713:
15710:
15708:
15705:
15702:
15694:
15693:
15690:
15686:
15681:
15678:
15675:
15667:
15666:
15661:
15651:
15644:
15640:
15639:
15634:
15624:
15619:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15592:
15584:
15583:
15580:
15576:
15571:
15569:
15567:
15564:
15556:
15555:
15552:
15548:
15543:
15540:
15537:
15529:
15528:
15525:
15523:
15521:
15518:
15510:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15491:
15490:
15487:
15483:
15476:
15472:
15471:
15468:
15464:
15459:
15433:
15430:
15426:
15419:
15415:
15414:
15409:
15402:word position
15398:
15396:
15388:
15368:
15365:
15363:
15361:
15358:
15350:
15349:
15346:
15344:
15342:
15339:
15331:
15330:
15327:
15325:
15323:
15320:
15312:
15311:
15308:
15306:
15304:
15301:
15293:
15292:
15287:
15282:
15278:
15268:
15263:
15260:
15257:
15249:
15248:
15245:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15230:
15229:
15218:
15213:
15203:
15198:
15195:
15192:
15175:
15174:
15171:
15169:
15167:
15164:
15149:
15148:
15145:
15141:
15136:
15134:
15131:
15118:
15117:
15114:
15112:
15109:
15106:
15098:
15097:
15094:
15090:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15064:
15054:
15049:
15034:
15031:
15027:
15022:
15020:
15018:
15015:
15007:
15006:
15003:
15001:
14999:
14996:
14988:
14987:
14982:
14972:
14967:
14965:
14963:
14960:
14952:
14951:
14948:
14946:
14944:
14941:
14933:
14932:
14929:
14927:
14924:
14921:
14908:
14907:
14904:
14902:
14900:
14897:
14893:
14880:
14879:
14876:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14856:
14855:
14851:
14843:
14842:
14834:
14823:
14822:
14819:
14815:
14810:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14795:
14794:
14790:
14782:
14781:
14773:
14762:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14743:
14742:
14739:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14724:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14709:
14696:
14695:
14692:
14688:
14683:
14678:
14673:
14656:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14643:
14641:
14638:
14634:
14617:
14616:
14612:transcription
14610:
14606:
14602:
14597:transcription
14595:
14591:
14587:
14582:
14571:
14566:
14555:
14550:Hebrew letter
14548:
14547:
14530:
14515:
14489:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14473:
14470:
14467:
14462:
14455:
14447:
14446:
14443:
14438:
14434:
14429:
14426:
14423:
14420:
14417:
14412:
14405:
14397:
14396:
14386:
14376:
14369:
14365:
14364:
14358:
14354:
14344:
14339:
14304:
14301:
14299:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14289:
14286:
14283:
14278:
14271:
14263:
14262:
14259:
14257:
14254:/ˈrit͡ʃrat͡ʃ/
14252:
14248:
14243:
14241:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14231:
14226:
14219:
14211:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14200:
14196:
14191:
14188:
14185:
14182:
14179:
14174:
14167:
14159:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14151:
14149:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14139:
14134:
14127:
14119:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14111:
14109:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14099:
14094:
14087:
14079:
14078:
14075:
14073:
14068:
14064:
14057:
14053:
14052:
14049:
14047:
14042:
14038:
14033:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13967:
13960:
13956:
13955:
13952:
13948:
13941:word position
13937:
13935:
13933:
13913:
13905:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13871:
13869:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13859:
13854:
13847:
13839:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13831:
13829:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13819:
13814:
13807:
13799:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13791:
13789:
13787:
13785:
13782:
13779:
13774:
13767:
13759:
13758:
13755:
13753:
13751:
13749:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13739:
13734:
13727:
13719:
13718:
13715:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13697:
13687:
13682:
13679:
13676:
13673:
13670:
13665:
13658:
13650:
13649:
13646:
13644:
13642:
13640:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13630:
13625:
13618:
13610:
13609:
13603:
13593:
13588:
13577:
13567:
13562:
13559:
13556:
13553:
13550:
13545:
13538:
13521:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13513:
13511:
13509:
13507:
13504:
13501:
13496:
13489:
13474:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13463:
13459:
13454:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13444:
13439:
13432:
13419:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13411:
13409:
13406:
13403:
13400:
13397:
13392:
13385:
13377:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13365:
13358:
13353:
13350:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13332:
13322:
13317:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13274:
13270:
13265:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13253:
13248:
13241:
13233:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13225:
13223:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13213:
13208:
13201:
13193:
13192:
13189:
13185:
13175:
13170:
13168:
13166:
13164:
13162:
13159:
13156:
13151:
13144:
13136:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13128:
13126:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13116:
13111:
13104:
13096:
13095:
13092:
13090:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13080:
13077:
13074:
13069:
13062:
13049:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13041:
13039:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13029:
13025:
13020:
13013:
13000:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12992:
12990:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12980:
12975:
12968:
12955:
12954:
12950:
12942:
12941:
12926:
12900:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12889:
12885:
12880:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12863:
12856:
12848:
12847:
12843:
12835:
12834:
12819:
12793:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12785:
12783:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12773:
12768:
12761:
12753:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12745:
12743:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12733:
12728:
12721:
12713:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12705:
12703:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12693:
12689:
12684:
12677:
12664:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12653:
12649:
12644:
12637:
12632:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12608:
12591:
12590:
12587:
12583:
12578:
12576:
12574:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12564:
12560:
12555:
12548:
12531:
12530:
12524:
12521:transcription
12519:
12515:
12511:
12504:
12501:transcription
12499:
12495:
12491:
12484:
12481:
12470:
12463:
12460:
12449:
12442:
12437:
12434:Hebrew letter
12432:
12431:
12426:
12423:
12419:
12412:
12407:
12403:
12399:
12391:
12387:
12384:
12380:
12377:
12373:
12370:
12366:
12363:
12359:
12355:
12351:
12350:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12343:Modern Hebrew
12338:
12334:
12330:
12326:
12322:
12312:
12294:
12287:, and
12264:
12259:
12254:
12251:
12246:
12241:
12240:
12236:
12231:
12226:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12212:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12195:
12190:
12185:
12184:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12156:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12128:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12087:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12057:
12052:
12047:
12046:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12005:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11975:
11970:
11965:
11964:
11960:numeric value
11958:
11953:
11950:numeric value
11948:
11943:
11940:numeric value
11938:
11933:
11932:
11926:
11922:
11917:
11913:
11911:
11907:
11904:
11900:
11884:
11877:
11862:
11858:
11854:
11850:
11846:
11842:
11832:
11831:
11826:
11819:
11811:
11807:
11800:
11796:
11793:
11792:
11779:
11775:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11762:
11758:
11755:
11751:
11742:
11741:
11737:
11733:
11730:
11726:
11723:
11720:
11716:
11713:
11709:
11700:
11699:
11695:
11691:
11688:
11684:
11681:
11678:
11674:
11671:
11667:
11658:
11657:
11653:
11649:
11646:
11642:
11639:
11636:
11632:
11629:
11625:
11616:
11615:
11611:
11607:
11604:
11600:
11591:
11590:
11586:
11580:
11573:
11563:
11559:
11556:
11552:
11543:
11542:
11538:
11534:
11531:
11527:
11518:
11517:
11513:
11506:
11496:
11492:
11489:
11485:
11476:
11475:
11471:
11467:
11464:
11460:
11457:
11454:
11450:
11447:
11443:
11434:
11433:
11429:
11425:
11422:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11408:
11405:
11401:
11392:
11391:
11387:
11383:
11380:
11376:
11367:
11366:
11362:
11355:
11345:
11341:
11338:
11334:
11325:
11324:
11320:
11316:
11313:
11309:
11300:
11299:
11295:
11288:
11278:
11274:
11271:
11267:
11258:
11257:
11253:
11249:
11246:
11242:
11239:
11236:
11232:
11229:
11225:
11216:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11200:
11191:
11190:
11186:
11179:
11169:
11165:
11162:
11158:
11149:
11148:
11144:
11140:
11137:
11133:
11130:
11127:
11123:
11120:
11116:
11107:
11106:
11102:
11098:
11095:
11091:
11088:
11085:
11081:
11078:
11074:
11065:
11064:
11060:
11056:
11053:
11049:
11046:
11043:
11039:
11036:
11032:
11023:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11011:
11007:
11004:
11001:
10997:
10994:
10990:
10981:
10980:
10976:
10972:
10969:
10965:
10962:
10959:
10955:
10952:
10948:
10939:
10938:
10934:
10930:
10927:
10923:
10920:
10917:
10913:
10910:
10906:
10897:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10885:
10881:
10878:
10875:
10871:
10868:
10864:
10855:
10854:
10850:
10846:
10843:
10839:
10836:
10833:
10829:
10826:
10822:
10813:
10812:
10808:
10804:
10801:
10797:
10794:
10791:
10787:
10784:
10780:
10771:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10759:
10755:
10752:
10749:
10745:
10742:
10738:
10729:
10728:
10724:
10720:
10717:
10713:
10710:
10706:
10703:
10699:
10696:
10692:
10689:
10684:
10681:
10676:
10675:
10669:Early modern
10666:Contemporary
10664:
10657:
10648:
10645:
10642:
10637:
10633:
10629:
10625:
10615:
10609:
10605:
10597:
10592:
10585:
10569:
10565:
10559:
10555:
10550:
10546:
10540:
10536:
10532:
10528:
10524:
10518:
10514:
10502:
10501:
10494:
10486:
10482:
10479:
10475:
10470:
10468:
10462:
10456:
10451:
10447:
10444:
10440:
10435:
10433:
10427:
10421:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10400:
10394:
10388:
10382:
10377:
10373:
10370:
10366:
10361:
10355:
10349:
10343:
10338:
10334:
10331:
10327:
10322:
10316:
10310:
10304:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10292:
10284:
10279:
10270:
10250:
10247:
10244:
10240:
10235:
10232:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10222:
10218:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10202:
10199:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10185:
10181:
10178:
10174:
10169:
10166:
10162:
10160:
10159:Reduced Segol
10157:
10156:
10152:
10148:
10146:
10141:
10138:
10135:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10118:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10108:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10064:
10063:
10056:
10046:
10044:
10043:Modern Hebrew
10040:
10036:
10032:
10031:
10024:
10014:
10011:
10003:
9998:
9997:
9992:
9991:
9986:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9971:
9967:
9963:
9959:
9954:
9945:
9942:
9939:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9929:
9925:
9914:
9907:
9904:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9892:
9889:
9886:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9874:
9870:
9859:
9852:
9849:
9846:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9836:
9832:
9828:
9824:
9821:
9816:
9808:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9774:
9770:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9747:
9743:
9739:
9736:
9732:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9719:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9705:
9701:
9697:
9694:
9690:
9686:
9676:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9649:
9645:
9642:
9638:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9625:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9615:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9598:
9595:
9582:
9579:
9573:
9569:
9568:
9551:
9548:
9540:
9535:
9532:
9524:
9517:
9503:
9500:
9494:
9489:
9486:
9480:
9469:
9455:
9452:
9449:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9429:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9402:
9393:
9386:
9379:
9368:
9361:
9356:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9328:
9320:
9312:
9304:
9295:
9277:
9273:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9230:
9225:
9219:
9214:
9208:
9203:
9197:
9192:
9186:
9179:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9157:
9152:
9146:
9141:
9135:
9130:
9124:
9119:
9108:
9102:
9097:
9084:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9062:
9057:
9051:
9046:
9040:
9035:
9029:
9024:
9018:
9013:
9007:
9002:
8996:
8989:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8967:
8962:
8956:
8951:
8945:
8940:
8934:
8929:
8923:
8918:
8912:
8907:
8901:
8894:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8872:
8867:
8861:
8856:
8850:
8845:
8837:
8831:
8826:
8818:
8812:
8807:
8799:
8793:
8789:
8782:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8755:
8749:
8744:
8738:
8733:
8723:
8713:
8707:
8702:
8696:
8691:
8685:
8680:
8674:
8667:
8661:
8656:
8652:
8645:
8641:
8634:
8629:
8623:
8618:
8612:
8607:
8601:
8594:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8572:
8567:
8561:
8556:
8550:
8545:
8539:
8534:
8528:
8523:
8517:
8512:
8506:
8499:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8477:
8472:
8466:
8461:
8455:
8450:
8444:
8439:
8433:
8428:
8422:
8417:
8411:
8404:
8398:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8380:
8374:
8369:
8363:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8345:
8339:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8314:
8309:
8303:
8298:
8292:
8287:
8281:
8276:
8270:
8265:
8259:
8254:
8248:
8241:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8214:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8192:
8186:
8181:
8175:
8170:
8164:
8159:
8153:
8146:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8119:
8113:
8108:
8102:
8097:
8091:
8086:
8080:
8075:
8069:
8064:
8058:
8051:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8029:
8024:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8002:
7996:
7991:
7985:
7981:
7976:
7970:
7963:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7936:
7930:
7925:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7903:
7897:
7892:
7886:
7882:
7875:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7837:
7831:
7826:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7804:
7798:
7793:
7787:
7780:
7771:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7757:
7751:
7746:
7740:
7735:
7729:
7724:
7718:
7710:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7688:
7683:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7650:
7644:
7639:
7633:
7628:
7622:
7615:
7609:
7604:
7597:
7590:
7586:
7579:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7559:
7553:
7546:
7540:
7535:
7531:
7526:
7520:
7515:
7509:
7504:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7472:
7465:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7443:
7438:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7405:
7399:
7395:
7390:
7384:
7377:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7342:
7336:
7329:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7294:
7288:
7281:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7259:
7254:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7232:
7226:
7221:
7215:
7211:
7206:
7200:
7193:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7147:
7140:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7102:
7096:
7091:
7085:
7081:
7074:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7025:
7019:
7015:
7006:
6993:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6934:
6927:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6900:
6894:
6889:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6867:
6861:
6852:
6839:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6812:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6790:
6784:
6780:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6758:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6720:
6714:
6709:
6703:
6698:
6692:
6687:
6681:
6676:
6670:
6663:
6657:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6555:
6554:Pronunciation
6548:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6508:modern Hebrew
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6463:pronunciation
6451:
6448:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6399:
6391:
6383:
6371:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6351:
6347:
6335:
6324:
6320:
6305:
6302:
6298:
6290:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6274:BeGeD KePoReT
6271:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6200:
6199:
6184:
6173:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6152:
6149:
6142:
6130:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6093:
6090:
6083:
6070:
6059:
6054:
6043:
6031:
6020:
6015:
6005:
5992:
5988:
5977:
5972:
5962:
5950:
5939:
5934:
5921:
5917:
5904:
5893:
5888:
5878:
5865:
5861:
5850:
5845:
5837:
5828:
5824:
5823:alternatingly
5819:
5816:
5808:
5803:
5795:
5778:
5765:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5681:
5668:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5631:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5611:
5606:
5597:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5563:
5551:
5543:
5531:
5525:
5516:
5507:
5503:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5483:
5478:
5468:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5414:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5390:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5346:
5341:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5321:Arabic letter
5319:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5235:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5198:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5077:
5057:
5049:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5016:
5012:
5009:In Iraqi and
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:, as well as
4997:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4891:kh, ch, ḵ, x
4890:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4681:
4671:
4665:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4639:Proto-Semitic
4636:
4626:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4510:Shin (letter)
4501:
4499:
4495:
4487:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4397:
4382:
4380:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4129:
4120:
4117:/ˈtsadisofit/
4115:
4111:צָדִי סוֹפִית
4109:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4087:
4082:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4053:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3586:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3495:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2678:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2455:pronunciation
2451:
2449:
2444:
2441:pronunciation
2439:
2435:
2432:pronunciation
2430:
2426:
2422:
2419:pronunciation
2417:
2416:Modern Hebrew
2413:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2396:Pronunciation
2394:
2386:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2345:Pronunciation
2342:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2185:
2179:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2048:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:נקודות
1807:
1802:
1784:
1783:write Yiddish
1781:When used to
1779:
1777:
1776:full spelling
1773:
1769:
1768:Modern Hebrew
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1268:, called the
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1150:full spelling
1147:
1143:
1142:Modern Hebrew
1139:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:Judeo-Persian
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:square script
980:
979:Jewish script
976:
975:
969:
962:
957:
953:
936:
935:Paleohispanic
933:
926:
923:
922:
920:
917:
916:
914:
913:Libyco-Berber
911:
904:
901:
900:
893:
890:
887:
884:
876:
873:
863:
860:
859:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
831:
828:
825:
822:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
781:
778:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
766:
761:
758:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
731:
730:Old Hungarian
728:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
710:
703:
700:
699:
697:
694:
693:
691:
688:
685:
682:
677:
674:
673:
669:
668:
662:
657:
654:
653:
651:
648:
639:
636:
635:
634:10th century
633:
630:
625:
622:
621:
619:
616:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
593:
590:
589:
587:
586:
581:
580:
578:
575:
572:
569:
568:
566:
563:
558:
555:
554:
552:
549:
548:
546:
543:
542:
535:
532:
524:
521:
518:
515:
505:
499:
498:
496:
493:
483:
480:
479:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
462:
456:
449:
446:
445:
441:
440:
434:
433:
429:
428:
422:
421:
413:
412:
406:
405:
401:
396:
395:
388:
384:
380:
378:
370:
357:
345:
341:
339:
335:
328:
320:
317:
313:
310:
309:
307:
304:
303:Unicode range
299:
295:
292:Unicode alias
289:
286:
282:
272:
270:
266:
261:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
211:
205:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
188:
185:Child systems
182:
169:
168:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
148:
142:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
88:
82:
79:
75:
71:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
38:
35:
31:
27:
23:
22786:
22782:Paleo-Hebrew
22770:Inscriptions
22675:
22664:
22653:
22642:
22631:
22620:
22609:
22598:
22587:
22576:
22565:
22554:
22543:
22532:
22521:
22510:
22499:
22488:
22477:
22466:
22455:
22444:
21885:Thai and Lao
21562:Scandinavian
21194:1829 braille
21186:Braille cell
20986:Cypro-Minoan
20852:Pahawh Hmong
20765:Sitelen Pona
20729:Hindu-Arabic
20062:Mundari Bani
19636:Pahawh Hmong
19445:Tamil-Brahmi
19351:Eveyla Akuru
19346:Dhives Akuru
18813:Paleo-Hebrew
18723:
18680:
18616:undeciphered
18523:
18516:
18509:
18502:
18495:
18311:Inverted nun
18296:Cantillation
18255:
18225:Sin/Shin dot
18011:
17997:Paleo-Hebrew
17818:from English
17798:
17730:Mikledet.com
17724:LiteType.com
17682:
17673:
17653:
17643:
17624:
17611:
17577:
17573:
17549:
17534:
17520:Bibliography
17510:
17494:
17485:
17476:
17467:
17456:the original
17420:
17412:
17404:
17390:
17371:
17365:
17260:
17247:
17235:. Retrieved
17231:
17222:
17214:
17209:
17197:
17185:
17173:
17161:
17156:, p. 4.
17149:
17130:
17124:
17112:
17107:
17095:
17090:
17066:
17035:
17023:
17011:
16991:
16984:
16975:
16969:
16958:
16940:
16922:
16902:
16895:
16886:
16880:
16872:
16868:
16864:
16860:
16856:
16848:
16844:
16839:
16829:
16820:
16787:
16783:
16777:
16767:
16758:
16739:
16731:
16688:
16680:
16670:
16668:, comment).
16640:, the sound
16564:
16534:
16530:
16526:
16522:
16518:
16514:
16510:
16496:
16492:Mandaic ones
16485:
16480:אלף־בית עברי
16458:
16456:
16431:Inverted nun
16382:
16359:
16341:
16219:
16215:aleph number
16125:
16109:
16103:
16097:
16096:
16079:
16060:
16036:
16030:
16011:
16001:
15989:
15977:
15941:
15939:→ "schach".
15917:(as "ch" in
15908:
15862:
15858:
15821:
15809:glottal stop
15769:
15768: are
15755:
15386:
14895:
14711:
14636:
14628:initial word
14580:
14564:
13911:
13897:עַדְלֹאיָדַע
13027:
12691:
12562:
12542:initial word
12479:
12458:
12405:
12401:
12395:
12389:
12375:
12361:
12357:
12347:
12340:
12270:
11923:building in
11879:
11852:
11828:
11797:Explanation
11592:Final Tsadi
10716:Paleo-Hebrew
10643:
10639:
10628:Rashi script
10590:
10587:
10567:
10563:
10557:
10548:
10544:
10538:
10530:
10526:
10522:
10516:
10498:
10492:
10484:
10449:
10414:
10375:
10336:
10269:Vowel length
10248:
10216:
10183:
10153:t or silent
10150:
10144:
10139:
10129:
10071:
10066:
10060:
10058:
10034:
10028:
10026:
10009:
10001:
9994:
9988:
9982:
9978:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9957:
9952:
9950:
9943:
9923:
9905:
9887:
9868:
9850:
9830:
9826:
9822:ah, (or oh)
9799:
9779:
9761:
9741:
9723:
9703:
9699:
9692:
9667:
9647:
9629:
9571:
9565:
9564:
9561:Vowel points
9515:
9467:
9436:
9409:
9345: and
9337: and
9326:
9318:
9310:
9302:
9297:
6498: and
6460:
6449:
6435:
6409:
6404:the same as
6397:
6389:
6381:
6369:
6345:
6333:
6318:
6296:
6288:
6273:
6269:
6257:
6196:
6190:
6180:
6160:
6147:
6140:
6128:
6101:
6088:
6081:
6068:
6041:
6029:
6003:
5990:
5986:
5960:
5948:
5919:
5915:
5902:
5876:
5863:
5859:
5776:
5763:
5730:
5712:
5708:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5653:
5650:
5635:
5632:
5616:
5595:
5581:
5505:
5488:
5455:
5434:
5393:ד׳ו אל־חיג׳ה
5375:
5372:
5351:
5289:
5273:
5224:upár (treat)
5221:
5184:
5144:
5085:
5035:
5014:
5003:
4988:
4981:
4966:
4962:
4948:
4940:
4922:
4905:
4898:
4879:
4860:
4852:
4834:
4817:
4779:With dagesh
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4739:
4731:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4673:
4635:left-dot-sin
4634:
4632:
4624:
4611:
4594:
4581:
4578:(right dot)
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4504:Shin and sin
4479:
4470:
4469:
4419:
4418:
4354:
4353:
4302:
4301:
4194:
4193:
4096:
4094:
4034:
4033:
3978:
3977:
3947:פֵּא סוֹפִית
3922:
3921:
3866:
3865:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3718:
3717:
3640:נוּן סוֹפִית
3624:
3623:
3570:/me̞msœˈfiθ/
3533:
3532:
3476:
3475:
3420:
3418:
3359:
3358:
3332:כַּף סוֹפִית
3308:
3306:
3255:
3254:
3198:
3197:
3137:
3136:
3081:
3079:
3032:
3028:
3027:
2967:
2966:
2910:
2909:
2849:
2848:
2807:
2806:
2742:
2741:
2707:
2706:
2650:
2649:
2594:
2593:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2371:
2304:
2249:
2141:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2079:
2072:
2065:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1904:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1848:Hebrew roots
1843:
1833:
1805:
1803:
1780:
1754:
1716:
1696:
1631:Cantillation
1332:
1285:
1263:
1259:paleo-Hebrew
1232:
1217:Hebrew Bible
1208:Aleppo Codex
1206:
1164:paleo-Hebrew
1161:
1154:
1145:
1135:
1099:
1088:impure abjad
1073:
1062:
1039:
1011:Judeo-Arabic
987:block script
986:
982:
978:
972:
968:Alefbet ivri
951:
949:
925:Neo-Tifinagh
921:4th century
915:10th c. BCE
794:19th century
726:6th century
698:4th century
665:
649:
620:7th century
604:Dhives Akuru
594:4th century
583:
553:10th c. BCE
551:Paleo-Hebrew
547:12th c. BCE
497:12th c. BCE
466:19th c. BCE
459:
437:
432:32nd c. BCE
425:
409:
376:
374:
350:and ⟨
332:
34:
22384:RoboBraille
22208:Róża Czacka
22148:Perforation
21945:Independent
21843:(Bhutanese)
21578:Greenlandic
21249:Azerbaijani
21051:Jindai moji
20940:Syllabaries
20911:SignWriting
20811:Celtiberian
20713:Hieroglyphs
20516:Seal script
20501:Traditional
20373:Blissymbols
20278:Warang Citi
20253:Tolong Siki
20206:Marcomannic
20186:Dalecarlian
20176:Anglo-Saxon
20156:Pau Cin Hau
20047:Medefaidrin
20000:Merovingian
19960:Blackletter
19868:Asomtavruli
19661:Warang Citi
19470:Ulu scripts
19415:New Tai Lue
19358:Mon–Burmese
19212:Bhattiprolu
19040:Nandinagari
18867:ʾEsṭrangēlā
18626:constructed
18316:Shekel sign
18278:Punctuation
18243:with Niqqud
18153:Palestinian
17942:Orthography
17922:Palestinian
17300:Deuteronomy
17154:Berlin 2004
16873:The Mishnah
16638:orthography
16474:אלפבית עברי
16426:Help:Hebrew
16389:typewriters
16370:punctuation
16248:beth number
16063:Kabbalistic
15643:dialectical
15475:dialectical
15418:dialectical
15127:consonantal
15082:dialectical
14917:consonantal
14865:consonantal
14368:dialectical
14056:dialectical
13959:dialectical
13547:information
13428:consonantal
13357:dialectical
13058:consonantal
12964:consonantal
12444:Translation
10588:The symbol
10300:Very Short
10004:The letter
9839:Holam Haser
9683:succeeding
9549:tseré malé
9533:ḥiríq malé
9487:ḥolám malé
9383:designation
9376:consonantal
9374:when letter
9276:glottalized
6416:with other
6376:variant of
6198:BeGeD KeFeT
6182:* Varyingly
5731:In much of
5699:(a doubled
5378:ū al-Ḥijjah
5068:⟩, ⟨
5064:⟩, ⟨
5060:, written ⟨
5036:The sounds
4969:with dagesh
4608:(left dot)
4028:/fe̞sœˈfiθ/
4018:/ˈlaŋɡəfɛɪ/
4003:פֵא סוֹפִית
3972:/pe̞sœˈfiθ/
3962:/ˈlaŋɡəpɛɪ/
3661:/nunsœˈfiθ/
3651:/ˈlaŋɡənʊn/
3549:מֵם סוֹפִית
3413:/xafsœˈfiθ/
3403:/ˈlaŋɡəχɔf/
3392:כַף סוֹפִית
3353:/kafsœˈfiθ/
3343:/ˈlaŋɡəkɔf/
2256:Zayit Stone
2252:abecedaries
1868:final forms
1797: or
1789: or
1626:Punctuation
1613:Ancillaries
1353:Description
974:Ktav Ashuri
961:אָלֶף־בֵּית
852:3rd century
846:3rd century
832:4th century
826:2nd century
782:7th c. BCE
776:8th c. BCE
770:8th c. BCE
762:2nd century
720:2nd c. BCE
714:2nd c. BCE
692:2nd c. BCE
678:4th century
672:3rd c. BCE
652:3rd c. BCE
606:6th century
600:4th century
579:3rd c. BCE
567:8th c. BCE
529: 1601
478:9th c. BCE
472:15th c. BCE
444:7th c. BCE
377:Hebrew text
68:Time period
55:Script type
22812:Categories
22777:Phoenician
21936:(obsolete)
21917:(obsolete)
21709:(Pakistan)
21620:Belarusian
21502:Vietnamese
21445:Portuguese
21431:Philippine
21388:Lithuanian
21041:Hentaigana
21036:Man'yōgana
20496:Simplified
20383:Ersu Shaba
20297:Non-linear
20102:Old Uyghur
20092:Old Permic
20087:Old Italic
20020:Visigothic
19955:Beneventan
19890:Glagolitic
19853:Gadabuursi
19517:Kolezhuthu
19512:Vatteluttu
19450:Tanchangya
19373:Saurashtra
18950:Devanagari
18808:Phoenician
18761:Manichaean
18466:literature
18286:Diacritics
18148:Babylonian
17930:Babylonian
17217:pp. 8, 22.
17190:First 2014
17178:First 2017
16851:10a). Cf.
16751:References
16629: =
16621: =
16613: =
16585: =
16577: =
16559:and never
16548:/piziˈkaj/
16546:and never
16544:/fiziˈkaj/
16540:פִיזִיקַאי
16436:Koren Type
16252:power sets
16165:, such as
16128:set theory
15930:→ "cham";
15909:The Sound
15779:("if", ),
14506:strawberry
11368:Final Nun
11301:Final Mem
11192:Final Kaf
10709:Phoenician
10688:sans-serif
10672:Ancestral
10562:The short
10543:The short
10521:The short
10140:apostrophe
9877:Holam Male
9370:Consonant
6533:gemination
6469:using the
6360:consonants
6304:fricatives
6301:pharyngeal
6254:fricatives
6082:Tav-Samekh
5737:Ashkenazic
5574:commonly.
5282:אַוַונְטַה
5154:גַּ׳חְנוּן
4961:dialects,
4934:f, p̄, ph
4670:Begadkefat
4668:See also:
4654:(or /ś/).
4537:-dot; the
4013:/fejsofit/
3957:/pejsofit/
3656:/nunsofit/
3646:/nunsofit/
3565:/mɛmsofit/
3560:/ˈʃlɔsmɛm/
3555:/memsofit/
3408:/χafsofit/
3398:/χafsofit/
3348:/kafsofit/
3338:/kafsofit/
2701:/ˈdʒime̞l/
2262:, and one
1886:or in the
1736:),
1728:),
1719:consonants
1703:consonants
1621:Diacritics
1605:Numeration
1553:Begadkefat
1337:– such as
1312:Samaritans
1251:Phoenician
1084:consonants
997:and other
937:7th c. BCE
903:Old Permic
898: 940
886:Glagolitic
881: 430
868: 420
840:5th c. BCE
743:Old Uyghur
736: 650
724:Old Turkic
686:2nd c. BCE
632:Devanagari
573:3rd c. BCE
559:6th c. BCE
545:Phoenician
495:Phoenician
450:3rd c. BCE
22828:Alphabets
22352:Vibratese
22331:Moon type
22324:Decapoint
22005:Eight-dot
21958:Cantonese
21907:Reordered
21870:Inuktitut
21759:Malayalam
21669:Ukrainian
21648:Mongolian
21627:Bulgarian
21590:Norwegian
21555:Icelandic
21346:Hungarian
21304:Esperanto
21256:Cantonese
20840:Redundant
20652:Anatolian
20603:Cuneiform
20531:bird-worm
20467:Logograms
20438:Testerian
20352:Ideograms
20329:Moon type
20216:Staveless
20107:Mongolian
20052:Molodtsov
20010:Sütterlin
19878:Mkhedruli
19744:Bassa Vah
19694:Alphabets
19666:Mwangwego
19631:Mwangwego
19606:Kharosthi
19559:Blackfoot
19522:Malayanma
19393:Sundanese
19388:Sukhothai
19336:Malayalam
19287:Khom Thai
19247:Goykanadi
19171:Tocharian
19124:ʼPhags-pa
18995:Khudabadi
18940:Bhaiksuki
18835:Samaritan
18766:Nabataean
18621:inventors
18335:Phonology
18306:Gershayim
18158:Samaritan
17933:(extinct)
17925:(extinct)
17917:(extinct)
17909:Samaritan
17877:Ashkenazi
17787:Overviews
17718:Keyboards
17602:170926400
17594:0309-0892
17269:cite book
17237:4 October
16871:." See:
16845:Sanhedrin
16812:219568845
16804:1758-6801
16719:loanwords
16677:Ktiv male
16671:However,
16609:variant:
16607:fricative
16593: =
16573:variant:
16501:,
16352:ligatures
16290:ℶ
16263:ℵ
16233:α
16229:ℶ
16200:α
16196:ℵ
16139:ℵ
16099:Creation.
15853:,
15849:,
15845:,
15841:,
15837:,
15824:diacritic
15443:in medial
14669:positions
14630:positions
14202:/t͡sit͡s/
13991:in medial
13917:adloyáda
13276:/ʒarˈɡon/
13244:זָ׳רְגוֹן
12604:positions
12544:positions
12418:בג״ד כפ״ת
12356:offers a
12283:,
12279:,
12275:,
11906:mysticism
11841:diacritic
11803:װ ױ ײ ײַ
11519:Final Pe
10661:Variants
10614:.
10596:gershayim
10584:Gershayim
10578:Gershayim
10539:Note III:
10525:and long
10458:ִ י
10145:or silent
10008: (
9395:Indicated
9372:indicated
9365:of letter
9259:velarized
6566:Ashkenazi
6540:loanwords
6517:,
6492:,
6438:) or the
5918:(without
5862:(without
5713:gershayim
5697:gershayim
5629:)
5514:)
5501:)
5450:Voiceless
5388:)
5364:)
5296:loanwords
4728:fricative
4468:th as in
4300:sh as in
4093:ts as in
4084:/ˈtsadik/
4079:/ˈtsadɪk/
4023:/fesofit/
4009:/fesofit/
3967:/pesofit/
3953:/pesofit/
3712:/ˈsɔme̞x/
3470:/ˈlɔme̞ð/
3417:ch as in
3305:ch as in
3078:ch as in
2847:th as in
2843:/ˈðɔle̞θ/
2801:/ˈdɔle̞θ/
2736:/ˈɣime̞l/
2429:Ashkenazi
2331:. In the
1870:, called
1852:shorashim
1832:, called
1670:Computers
1639:Translit.
1324:Assyrians
1235:Canaanite
1196:gershayim
798:Blackfoot
748:Mongolian
690:Nabataean
684:Palmyrene
624:ʼPhags-pa
571:Kharosthi
557:Samaritan
269:ISO 15924
263:ISO 15924
254:Kharosthi
226:Palmyrene
216:Nabataean
121:Mozarabic
105:Languages
77:Direction
21988:Japanese
21849:Georgian
21841:Dzongkha
21827:Armenian
21745:Gujarati
21610:Cyrillic
21541:Estonian
21516:Yugoslav
21452:Romanian
21424:Nigerian
21339:Hawaiian
21325:Ghanaian
21242:Albanian
21103:Sumerian
21068:Linear B
21031:Katakana
21026:Hiragana
20976:Cherokee
20906:ASLwrite
20867:Bopomofo
20722:Numerals
20708:Hieratic
20667:Isthmian
20636:Sumerian
20616:Assyrian
20611:Akkadian
20268:Vithkuqi
20243:Tifinagh
20211:Medieval
20166:Pisidian
20161:Phrygian
20132:Vagindra
20077:Ol Chiki
19985:Interlac
19940:Kayah Li
19930:Jenticha
19885:Veso Bey
19873:Nuskhuri
19863:Georgian
19833:Formosan
19828:Etruscan
19823:Enochian
19779:Cyrillic
19764:Coelbren
19722:Armenian
19621:Meroitic
19611:Mandombe
19601:Jenticha
19465:Tigalari
19430:Tai Viet
19425:Tai Tham
19405:Tagbanwa
19257:Javanese
19207:Baybayin
19197:Balinese
19185:Southern
19080:Pracalit
19075:Pachumol
19050:Bhujimol
19010:Mahajani
18970:Gurmukhi
18960:Gujarati
18928:Northern
18908:Abugidas
18889:Ugaritic
18877:Maḏnḥāyā
18751:Tifinagh
18744:Solitreo
18682:Numerals
18595:Grapheme
18583:Overview
18475:Surnames
18451:Keyboard
18424:Academic
18410:Segolate
18405:Suffixes
18400:Prefixes
18378:Biblical
18321:Numerals
18235:Spelling
18143:Tiberian
18012:Alphabet
18002:Solitreo
17992:Crowning
17956:Biblical
17914:Tiberian
17904:Yemenite
17882:Sephardi
17856:Medieval
17851:Mishnaic
17839:Biblical
17823:Gematria
17799:Alphabet
17794:Language
17739:Archived
17623:(2022).
17411:(1976),
17354:Archived
17310:מִמֶּךָּ
17060:"Hebrew"
16948:Archived
16930:Archived
16865:Mezuzahs
16861:Mezuzahs
16857:Megillah
16849:Megillah
16715:phonemes
16395:See also
16071:teffilin
15999:/χaˈrap/
15990:"Philip"
15987:/ˈfilip/
15983:פִילִיפּ
15946:30, 6: "
14609:phonetic
14594:phonemic
14573:standard
14557:Standard
14070:/moˈʕil/
14044:/moˈʔil/
13928:adloyáda
13585:/mejˈda/
12680:רִאשׁוֹן
12655:/ʃaˈʔal/
12518:phonetic
12498:phonemic
12472:standard
12451:Standard
12390:phonemic
12386:phonetic
12372:phonemic
11910:gematria
11899:Kabbalah
11824:
11814:וו וי יי
11805:
10558:Note IV:
10517:Note II:
10466:
10431:
10425:
10398:
10392:
10386:
10359:
10353:
10347:
10320:
10314:
10308:
10289:example
10105:example
10074:to "w")
9902:
9884:
9612:example
9512:
9498:
9484:
9464:
9433:
9406:
9325:
9317:
9309:
9301:
9272:ejective
9184:
9089:
8994:
8899:
8787:
8672:
8599:
8504:
8409:
8350:
8246:
8151:
8056:
7968:
7880:
7785:
7716:
7620:
7551:
7470:
7382:
7334:
7286:
7198:
7145:
7079:
6998:
6932:
6844:
6763:
6668:
6608:
6599:Biblical
6594:Mishnaic
6589:Tiberian
6576:Yemenite
6571:Sephardi
6529:;
6467:dialects
6414:cognates
6408:
6396:
6388:
6380:
6368:
6344:
6332:
6317:
6295:
6287:
6268:
6250:plosives
6201:letters
6193:/bɡdkpt/
6161:Tav-Shin
6141:Tet-Shin
5927:kh/ch/h
5705:acronyms
5476:
5447:)
5422:
5385:ذو الحجة
5339:
5328:Comment
5325:Example
5284:
5232:
5230:צ׳וּפָּר
5206:
5195:
5193:קוֹלַאז׳
5167:
5156:
5128:
5117:Example
4955:Sephardi
4953:In some
4931:
4913:
4888:
4882:angaroo
4843:
4825:
4812:Example
4798:Example
4766:
4758:
4750:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4567:Example
4533:-dot or
4527:phonemes
4417:t as in
4386:
4352:s as in
4192:k as in
4089:/ˈsˤɔði/
4075:/ˈtsadi/
4070:/ˈtsadi/
4032:f as in
3976:p as in
3920:f as in
3864:p as in
3789:/ˈʕajin/
3716:s as in
3707:/ˈsamɛχ/
3702:/ˈsaməχ/
3697:/ˈsamɛχ/
3622:n as in
3531:m as in
3474:l as in
3465:/ˈlamɛd/
3460:/ˈlaməd/
3455:/ˈlamɛd/
3357:k as in
3253:k as in
3196:y as in
3135:t as in
3026:z as in
3022:/ˈzajin/
3017:/ˈzajin/
3012:/ˈzajɪn/
3007:/ˈza.in/
3003:/ˈzajin/
2965:v as in
2908:h as in
2838:/ˈðalεt/
2805:d as in
2796:/ˈdalɛt/
2791:/ˈdaləs/
2787:/ˈdaləd/
2782:/ˈdalɛd/
2778:/ˈdalɛt/
2731:/ˈɣɪmεl/
2705:g as in
2696:/ˈɡimɛl/
2691:/ˈɡɪməl/
2686:/ˈɡimel/
2648:v as in
2592:b as in
2448:Yemenite
2438:Sephardi
2350:Alphabet
2260:ostracon
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1858:Alphabet
1850:(called
1822:Biblical
1678:Keyboard
1600:Gematria
1592:Numerals
1579:Solitreo
1561:Variants
1535:Features
1530:
1360:
919:Tifinagh
892:Cyrillic
875:Georgian
856:Armenian
774:Etruscan
470:Ugaritic
448:Meroitic
427:Hieratic
348:/ /
344:Help:IPA
131:, other
22792:Aramaic
22765:History
21893:Tibetan
21834:Burmese
21820:Amharic
21803:(India)
21780:Sinhala
21773:Punjabi
21752:Kannada
21700:Persian
21655:Russian
21595:Swedish
21573:Finnish
21548:Faroese
21523:Zambian
21495:Turkish
21480:Spanish
21403:Maltese
21381:Latvian
21374:Italian
21353:Iñupiaq
21332:Guarani
21292:English
21263:Catalan
21180:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
21175:Braille
21058:Kikakui
20996:Eskayan
20981:Cypriot
20831:Dunging
20703:Demotic
20682:Tenevil
20626:Hittite
20621:Elamite
20574:Jurchen
20553:Sawndip
20548:Chữ Nôm
20448:Zapotec
20443:Yerkish
20418:Nsibidi
20403:Miꞌkmaw
20393:Isotype
20363:Adinkra
20304:Braille
20288:Zaghawa
20258:Vellara
20238:Sunuwar
20228:Sidetic
20223:Shavian
20151:Osmanya
20141:Ol Onal
19995:Kurrent
19980:Insular
19970:Fraktur
19945:Klingon
19935:Kaddare
19909:Archaic
19818:Elbasan
19806:Chinook
19796:Deseret
19784:Bosnian
19739:Avoiuli
19727:Avestan
19717:Ariyaka
19646:Tengwar
19544:Bharati
19505:Serawai
19495:Pasemah
19480:Lampung
19435:Lai Tay
19420:Tai Noi
19383:Sinhala
19363:Pallava
19331:Makasar
19319:Lontara
19294:Kulitan
19267:Kannada
19262:Kadamba
19252:Hanunoo
19242:Grantha
19237:Fakkham
19154:Tibetan
19139:Soyombo
19134:Siddhaṃ
19129:Sharada
19105:Litumol
19095:Tirhuta
19085:Ranjana
19070:Kvemmol
19030:Multani
19015:Marchen
18980:Kalinga
18920:Brahmic
18857:Sogdian
18796:Psalter
18776:Pahlavi
18756:Mandaic
18734:Cursive
18719:Elymaic
18690:Aramaic
18460:ancient
18436:Academy
18431:Revival
18370:Grammar
18247:missing
17987:Cursive
17977:Braille
17965:Scripts
17892:Mizrahi
17887:Italian
17804:History
17695:General
16853:Mishnah
16711:phoneme
16599:Yiddish
16571:plosive
16553:סְנוֹבּ
16348:letters
16344:Unicode
16308:is the
16082:aggadic
15739:
15719:
15699:
15672:
15609:
15589:
15561:
15534:
15515:
15496:
15439:
15374:
15355:
15336:
15317:
15298:
15254:
15235:
15180:
15154:
15123:
15103:
15040:
15012:
14993:
14957:
14938:
14913:
14885:
14861:
14848:
14828:
14800:
14787:
14767:
14748:
14729:
14701:
14661:
14622:
14581:precise
14575:Israeli
14565:regular
14559:Israeli
14536:
14494:
14452:
14402:
14310:
14268:
14222:ריצ׳רץ׳
14216:
14164:
14130:פִסְפֵס
14124:
14084:
14000:מוֹעִיל
13987:
13906:-parade
13884:
13844:
13804:
13764:
13724:
13655:
13615:
13579:/meˈda/
13526:
13479:
13424:
13382:
13290:
13238:
13198:
13141:
13101:
13054:
13005:
12960:
12947:
12905:
12891:/d͡ʒuk/
12853:
12840:
12798:
12758:
12718:
12669:
12596:
12536:
12526:example
12506:example
12486:example
12480:precise
12474:Israeli
12465:example
12459:regular
12453:Israeli
12439:example
12406:precise
12376:regular
12362:regular
12358:precise
12333:Yiddish
12301:ה׳תשע״ח
12261:
12248:
12233:
12220:
12205:
12192:
12177:
12164:
12149:
12136:
12121:
12108:
12095:
12080:
12067:
12054:
12039:
12026:
12013:
11998:
11985:
11972:
11861:Yiddish
11849:lenited
11810:Yiddish
11794:Symbol
11393:Samekh
10723:Aramaic
10695:Cursive
10656:Unicode
10508:
10493:Note I:
10287:English
10103:English
10083:Symbol
10010:waw/vav
10002:Note 4:
9979:Note 3:
9958:Note 2:
9953:Note 1:
9829:ther, l
9610:English
9587:Symbol
9576:/ieaou/
9545:
9529:
9501:shurúq
9468:waw/vav
9388:Name of
9319:waw/vav
9248:
9175:
9080:
8985:
8890:
8778:
8663:
8590:
8495:
8400:
8341:
8332:
8237:
8142:
8047:
7959:
7871:
7776:
7706:
7611:
7542:
7461:
7373:
7325:
7277:
7189:
7136:
7070:
6989:
6923:
6835:
6754:
6659:
6650:
6561:Israeli
6550:Symbol
6504:
6447:Náhuatl
6357:Semitic
6280:, 4:1)
6157:
6137:
6125:
6102:Tav-Sin
6098:
6078:
6065:
6038:
6026:
6000:
5983:
5957:
5945:
5912:
5899:
5873:
5856:
5773:
5760:
5745:Letters
5603:
5592:
5463:ת׳רסטון
5458:urston
5312:Symbol
5253:
5246:
5104:Symbol
4959:Mizrahi
4869:
4818:bet/vet
4801:Symbol
4787:Symbol
4724:plosive
4606:
4576:
4551:Symbol
4446:
4431:
4366:
4329:
4314:
4277:
4257:
4226:
4206:
4165:
4145:
4113:
4107:
4066:
4046:
4005:
3990:
3949:
3934:
3893:
3878:
3837:
3817:
3774:/ʔa.in/
3766:
3730:
3692:
3670:
3642:
3636:
3599:
3579:
3551:
3545:
3508:
3488:
3451:
3431:
3394:
3371:
3334:
3319:
3282:
3267:
3230:
3210:
3169:
3149:
3131:/tˤe̞θ/
3112:
3092:
3055:
3042:
2999:
2979:
2942:
2922:
2881:
2861:
2834:
2819:
2774:
2754:
2727:
2719:
2682:
2680:גִּימֵל
2662:
2621:
2606:
2565:
2545:
2518:/ˈɔlæf/
2513:/ʔalɛf/
2508:/ʔaləf/
2499:
2471:
2425:Yiddish
2404:Unicode
2338:pe-ayin
2328:pe-ayin
2322:ayin-pe
2308:pe-ayin
2302:, etc.
1946:Waw/Vav
1896:Unicode
1864:letters
1839:te'amim
1806:nequdot
1764:Yiddish
1738:Waw/Vav
1693:General
1584:Braille
1569:Cursive
1528:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1215:of the
1182:History
1166:or the
1058:Assyria
1054:Ashurit
1003:Yiddish
963:עִבְרִי
810:Saanich
786:Deseret
760:Mandaic
718:Sogdian
676:Avestan
667:Pahlavi
618:Tibetan
592:Pallava
585:Brahmic
565:Aramaic
439:Demotic
336:in the
315:Hebrew,
285:Unicode
249:Pahlavi
244:Mandaic
239:Elymaic
230:Edessan
129:Aramaic
113:Yiddish
22797:Syriac
22787:Hebrew
22313:Other
22186:People
22176:Braigo
21995:Korean
21863:Hebrew
21794:Telugu
21693:Arabic
21683:Arabic
21641:Kyrgyz
21634:Kazakh
21568:Danish
21466:Slovak
21459:Samoan
21438:Polish
21417:Navajo
21318:German
21311:French
21178:
21123:Yugtun
21113:Woleai
21063:Kpelle
21046:Sōgana
20966:Byblos
20744:Muisca
20662:Cretan
20631:Luwian
20589:Tangut
20408:Mixtec
20378:Dongba
20283:Yezidi
20273:Wancho
20248:Todhri
20201:Gothic
20181:Cipher
20122:Manchu
20112:Evenki
20097:Orkhon
20042:Manchu
20037:Lydian
20032:Lycian
19975:Gaelic
19925:Hanifi
19920:Hangul
19895:Gothic
19843:Fraser
19838:Fox II
19774:Coptic
19749:Carian
19732:Pazend
19705:Linear
19651:Thaana
19596:Sarati
19537:Others
19500:Rejang
19485:Lembak
19475:Incung
19455:Telugu
19410:Tai Le
19304:Langdi
19227:Chakma
19117:Karani
19090:Tamyig
19065:Kummol
19060:Himmol
19055:Golmol
19035:Nagari
19020:Meitei
19005:Lepcha
18990:Khojki
18975:Kaithi
18862:Syriac
18850:Musnad
18729:Ashuri
18724:Hebrew
18707:Elifba
18702:Arabic
18695:Hatran
18670:Abjads
18456:Hebrew
18383:Modern
18301:Geresh
18210:Mappiq
18205:Dagesh
18190:Kamatz
18135:Niqqud
18090:Samech
17982:Ashuri
17897:Syrian
17861:Modern
17661:
17631:
17600:
17592:
17557:
17539:
17531:
17378:
17137:
16999:
16910:
16810:
16802:
16566:dagesh
16561:/snov/
16557:/snob/
16385:QWERTY
16378:glyphs
16372:. The
16368:) and
16361:Niqqud
16026:Talmud
15995:חָרַפּ
15978:"shop"
15971:שׁוֹפּ
15937:/sχaχ/
15827:geresh
15559:צ׳, ץ׳
15233:כּ, ךּ
14889:silent
14705:silent
14607:
14592:
14237:ríčrač
14214:צ׳, ץ׳
14143:fisfés
14136:missed
14006:useful
13776:defect
13703:/sxax/
13674:skhakh
13661:סְכָךְ
13613:כּ, ךּ
13541:מֵידָע
13259:žargón
13250:jargon
13153:to him
13009:silent
12917:boiler
12697:rishón
12673:silent
12611:שָׁאַל
12516:
12496:
12396:Note:
12335:, and
12293:geresh
11955:letter
11945:letter
11935:letter
11925:Prague
11903:Jewish
11894:שלב ב׳
11888:שלב א׳
11544:Tsadi
11217:Lamed
10982:Zayin
10856:Dalet
10814:Gimel
10686:Block
10678:Block
10650:Letter
10634:, and
10531:niqqud
10297:Short
10041:, not
9996:shuruk
9993:, and
9990:mappiq
9984:dagesh
9932:Kubutz
9895:Shuruk
9811:, (or
9788:Kamatz
9750:Patach
9706:nguin
9693:Note 2
9681:( with
9572:niqqud
9567:Niqqud
9358:Letter
9283:Vowels
6537:Arabic
6483:dagesh
6479:geresh
6477:but a
6445:(like
6410:samekh
6398:samekh
6340:, and
6258:dagesh
6107:ts/tz
6030:Samekh
5991:dagesh
5989:(with
5924:Khaf*
5920:dagesh
5866:) Vet
5864:dagesh
5815:silent
5802:hiatus
5733:Israel
5709:geresh
5701:geresh
5693:Geresh
5367:Voiced
5087:geresh
5028:Geresh
4974:Syrian
4762:, and
4744:dagesh
4740:dagesh
4732:dagesh
4696:daleth
4688:gimmel
4664:Dagesh
4658:Dagesh
4245:/re̞ʃ/
4235:/ʁɛɪʃ/
3784:/ajin/
3779:/ajɪn/
3770:/ajin/
3690:סָמֶךְ
3683:Samekh
3527:/me̞m/
3074:/ħe̞θ/
2772:דָּלֶת
2725:גִימֵל
2644:/ve̞θ/
2634:/vɛɪz/
2630:/vɛɪs/
2588:/be̞θ/
2578:/bɛɪz/
2574:/bɛɪs/
2503:/alɛf/
2410:Hebrew
2379:letter
2366:, and
2090:Samech
1888:Arabic
1876:Hebrew
1844:niqqud
1826:poetry
1772:vowels
1760:niqqud
1713:Vowels
1347:Israel
1341:, the
1339:Karaim
1310:. The
1288:Israel
1247:Hebrew
1194:, and
1192:geresh
1101:niqqud
1013:, and
1007:Ladino
956:Hebrew
850:Gothic
844:Coptic
838:Lycian
804:Fraser
712:Syriac
696:Arabic
650:Hebrew
577:Brahmi
523:Thaana
517:Hangul
352:
296:Hebrew
234:Hatran
221:Syriac
117:Ladino
109:Hebrew
99:Israel
83:
22029:(GS8)
22020:Kanji
21878:Khmer
21856:Greek
21787:Tamil
21720:i.e.
21681:i.e.
21662:Tatar
21608:i.e.
21509:Welsh
21410:Māori
21367:Irish
21285:Dutch
21278:Czech
21088:Nüshu
20956:Bamum
20951:Afaka
20758:Other
20749:Roman
20734:Abjad
20657:Bagam
20558:Bowen
20543:Kanji
20538:Hanja
20526:small
20521:large
20428:Olmec
20398:Kaidā
20388:Emoji
20368:Aztec
20171:Runic
20146:Osage
20127:Oirat
20072:Ogham
20005:Sigla
19950:Latin
19905:Greek
19789:Early
19759:Cirth
19712:Adlam
19581:Geʽez
19576:Fox I
19440:Tamil
19299:Lanna
19282:Khmer
19272:Karen
19222:Buhid
19202:Batak
19159:Uchen
19149:Takri
19100:Limbu
19000:Laṇḍā
18985:Khema
18965:Gupta
18955:Dogri
18872:Serṭā
18845:Zabur
18830:Punic
18803:Pegon
18739:Rashi
18653:Types
18604:Lists
18568:Types
18470:Names
18446:Ulpan
18441:Study
18291:Meteg
18215:Maqaf
18195:Holam
18185:Pataḥ
18180:Segol
18175:Tzere
18170:Hiriq
18105:Tsadi
18075:Lamed
18050:Zayin
18035:Dalet
18030:Gimel
17972:Rashi
17598:S2CID
17459:(PDF)
17452:(PDF)
17302:7 1 (
17257:(PDF)
16834:2021.
16808:S2CID
16727:]
16723:[
16703:]
16699:[
16695:]
16691:[
16664:(see
16662:]
16658:[
16646:]
16642:[
16633:. In
16535:sofit
16533:in a
16461:maqaf
16453:Notes
16065:text
16045:Zohar
16035:, or
15975:/ʃop/
15928:/χam/
15805:]
15801:[
15750:Notes
15662:]
15658:[
15652:]
15648:[
15635:]
15631:[
15625:]
15621:[
15410:]
15406:[
15288:]
15284:[
15219:]
15215:[
15091:]
15087:[
15074:]
15070:[
14983:]
14979:[
14973:]
14969:[
14651:]
14647:[
14500:תּוּת
14440:/ʃam/
14414:there
14387:]
14383:[
14377:]
14373:[
14355:]
14351:[
14345:]
14341:[
14280:sound
14183:tsits
14090:טִיפּ
13949:]
13945:[
13904:Purim
13736:to me
13712:]
13708:[
13600:/e̞j/
13594:]
13590:[
13498:in me
13465:/jam/
13366:]
13362:[
13347:]
13343:[
13338:/xam/
13186:]
13182:[
13176:]
13172:[
12911:דּוּד
12865:roach
12859:ג׳וּק
12686:first
12617:asked
12584:]
12580:[
12398:SBL's
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2225:ן
2219:ם
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2205:ש
2199:ר
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2181:פ
2175:ע
2169:ס
2163:נ
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2151:ל
2058:ך
2050:כ
2044:י
2038:ט
2032:ח
2026:ז
2020:ו
2014:ה
2008:ד
2002:ג
1996:ב
1990:א
1874:(
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1799:י
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1734:ה
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1726:א
1724:(
1526:ﭏ
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1435:ל
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1417:י
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1387:ה
1381:ד
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1276:(
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1123:ה
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32:.
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