189:
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were to be formed from drums of differing height, an idea that, while innovative at the time, slowed construction significantly and contributed to the mosque's unfinished state. Scholar
Christian Ewert has speculated that since the new capital and its mosque were intended as a staging area for troops going to Al-Andalus, some of the motivation for this unusual design feature may have been a desire to evoke the columns of the Great Mosque of Cordoba, the most celebrated mosque in Al-Andalus.
1573:
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38:
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164:. When al-Mansur died in 1199, construction on the mosque stopped. The minaret was left standing at a height of 44 meters. The rest of the mosque was also left incomplete, with only the beginnings of several walls and 348 columns being constructed. The tower, along with the remains of the mosque and the modern
289:
After Yaqub al-Mansur's death in 1199 the mosque and the new capital remained unfinished and his successors lacked the resources or the will to finish it. The structure was left with only the beginnings of its walls and 348 columns. While there is evidence that some tiled roofing had been added to
375:
wall (the southern/southeastern wall in the direction of prayer). The most central aisle and the two aisles along the far sides were wider than the others. Notably, the mosque was given cylindrical stone columns rather than the brick piers more commonly seen in
Almohad architecture. These columns
407:
which has progressively turned a red ochre colour over the centuries. It has a square floor plan like other minarets in the region, measuring 16 meters per side. The current structure is 44 m (144 ft) tall but its intended height – based on knowledge of the regular proportions of other
341:
river to provide an imposing spectacle visible for miles around. Since the area surrounding was suburban at the time of construction and lacked the population to regularly fill the mosque, historians have been led to believe that it was meant to serve the
Almohad troops who gathered here before
180:, the monument is known as the "Hassan" Tower or the al-Hassan Mosque. How the monument came to be given this name is unknown, although the name's use is attested as early as the 13th century. One suggestion is that it may have been the architect's name, but this is not substantiated.
416:
to ride a horse to the top to issue the call to prayer. At the center of each of the six floors would have been a vaulted chamber surrounded by the ramps and lit by the horseshoe-shaped windows set into the sides of the tower. Its exterior is decorated with panels of
290:
the mosque before it was abandoned, almost all materials that could be carried away were eventually stripped from the site for reuse in construction elsewhere. In addition to being incomplete, the mosque sustained some damage in the
387:. This was another unusual feature, as most mosques had only one main courtyard, but the motivation for this design was likely due to the mosque's size and the need to bring more light into its unprecedently large interior.
188:
345:
The mosque's total dimensions were enormous for the time: 183 by 139 meters (600 by 456 ft). If completed, it would have been the largest mosque in the western part of the
Islamic world, larger even than the
350:. The mosque's perimeter was further enclosed by another wall that stood about 50 meters distant from the mosque itself on all sides except on the northern side where it stood over 100 meters distant.
282:
for its height and method of ascendancy, a series of ramps. Yaqub al-Mansur conducted other works in Rabat, most notably the construction of new city walls and gates and additions to the
794:
559:
301:
and
Moroccan archeologists excavated the site and carefully reconstructed what was left. In the 1960s the site of mosque's ruins was transformed to accommodate the construction of the
305:
at its southeastern corner, alongside a modern mosque and another pavilion which occupy the rest of the southern side of the complex. The modern mausoleum and mosque were designed by
408:
Almohad minarets – was at least 64 m (210 ft), possibly 80 m (260 ft) to the top of its second tier (the smaller lantern tower usually topping minarets) and
160:, near the end of the 12th century. The tower was intended to be the largest minaret in the world, and the mosque, if completed, would have been the largest in the western
1847:
444:
1709:
412:. This would have made it slightly taller than the original Giralda in Seville. Instead of stairs, the tower is ascended by ramps, which would have allowed the
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Tentative List on July 1, 1995, in the
Cultural category. It was granted World Heritage Status in 2012 as part of the larger site encompassing historic Rabat.
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58:
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728:
SALEM, EL SAYED ABDEL AZIZ (1991). "The
Influence of the Lighthouse of Alexandria on the Minarets of North Africa and Spain".
590:
Rosser-Owen, Mariam (27 March 2014). "Andalusi Spolia in
Medieval Morocco: "Architectural Politics, Political Architecture"".
231:. This project also included the construction of an enormous mosque for this capital, of which the Hassan Tower was to be the
1029:
1317:
1546:
844:
Ewert, Christian (1992). "The
Architectural Heritage of Islamic Spain in North Africa". In Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.).
347:
329:
286:. Despite all this work and expense, the Almohad capital remained at Marrakesh and was never actually moved to Rabat.
235:. Construction of the mosque began in 1191, though the year 1195 is sometimes also cited due to historical reports by
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carved from the same sandstone as the tower itself, although today it also retains one marble capital of
Andalusi
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wall, and the other two on either side of the prayer hall, allowing daylight and fresh air to flow in through the
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setting off on campaigns and possibly even to serve double-duty as both a place of worship and as a fortress.
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architect Cong Vo Toan and completed in 1971. The tower and the site of the mosque was added to the
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488:. Frishman, Martin., Khan, Hasan-Uddin., Al-Asad, Mohammad. London: Thames & Hudson. 2002.
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The plan originally included three small inner courtyards, one in the back, parallel to the
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215:. Al-Mansur had made the decision to construct a new fortified imperial capital, called
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format and was divided by rows of columns into 21 aisles running perpendicular to the
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
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Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
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227:(old city) of Rabat, with new walls extending over a vast area beyond the old
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The mosque : history, architectural development & regional diversity
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The patron who constructed the Hassan Tower is Yaqub al-Mansur, ruler of the
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Present-day remains of the walls and columns of the unfinished mosque
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Floor plan of al-Mansur's mosque (with the minaret tower at the top)
251:, at any rate, is believed to have been chosen after this victory.)
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The mosque is strategically placed on the high south bank of the
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The walls of the mosque were made of lime concrete on top of a
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168:, forms an important historical and tourist complex in Rabat.
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850:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 85–95.
821:"Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage"
700:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Rabat".
445:
List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
243:
was intended to commemorate al-Mansur's victory at the
176:
Although the tower and the mosque were commissioned by
702:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
661:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 309–10, 322–25.
278:, but also drew influence from the ancient Egyptian
1888:
699:
192:The ruins of the Hassan Tower and mosque in 1916
1725:Old Mosque (Mosque of the Kasbah of the Udayas)
632:Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers
1417:
928:
772:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 322.
676:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 344.
589:
564:. Yale University Press. pp. 137–141.
1897:Buildings and structures completed in 1199
1424:
1410:
1283:National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco
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872:Lyautey and the French Conquest of Morocco
36:
1457:Al-Anouar Mosque (Mosque of the Sheikhs)
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671:
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365:base. The interior of the mosque was in
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909:in Manar al-Athar digital image archive
874:, 1995, Palgrave Macmillan, 292 pages
1889:
1608:Kasbah Mosque (Moulay al-Yazid Mosque)
1431:
799:. Yale University Press. p. 275.
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1452:Ain al-Kheil Mosque (Al-Azhar Mosque)
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1912:Unfinished buildings and structures
1848:Sidi Ben Youssef Mosque (Essaouira)
1638:Zawiya of Sidi Ben Sliman al-Jazuli
1318:Museum of History and Civilizations
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16:Historic monument in Rabat, Morocco
13:
1547:Zawiya of Sidi Abdelkader al-Fassi
834:
748:
690:
665:
645:
14:
1928:
1843:Mosque (zawiya) of Moulay Idris I
1223:International University of Rabat
1138:Old Mosque (Mosque of the Kasbah)
888:
770:The Almoravid and Almohad Empires
718:
674:The Almoravid and Almohad Empires
659:The Almoravid and Almohad Empires
610:
578:
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471:
223:, on the site of what is now the
1571:
1565:
893:
1557:Zawiya of Sidi Taoudi Ben Souda
864:
813:
786:
1552:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani
1354:Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium
1123:Great Mosque (Medina of Rabat)
942:
457:
239:claiming that the creation of
1:
1030:French Protectorate Residence
450:
324:
1170:Rabbi Shalom Zaoui synagogue
7:
1818:Great Mosque of Chefchaouen
1512:Grand Mosque of Fes el-Jdid
793:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
768:Bennison, Amira K. (2016).
704:. Oxford University Press.
672:Bennison, Amira K. (2016).
657:Bennison, Amira K. (2016).
558:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
438:
10:
1933:
1761:Mohammed V Mosque, Tangier
1628:Zawiya of Sidi Abd el-Aziz
183:
156:, the third caliph of the
1861:
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1542:Zawiya of Moulay Idris II
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178:Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
154:Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
152:. It was commissioned by
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100:
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26:
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1633:Zawiya of Sidi Bel Abbes
1394:This list is incomplete.
995:Andalusian wall of Rabat
280:Lighthouse of Alexandria
74:34.0241611°N 6.8228250°W
1746:Grand Mosque of Tangier
1081:Madrasa of Abu al-Hasan
1045:Mausoleum of Mohammed V
870:William A. Hoisington,
465:Encyclopædia Britannica
348:Great Mosque of Cordoba
303:Mausoleum of Mohammed V
171:
166:Mausoleum of Mohammed V
1838:Great Mosque of Asilah
1659:Grand Mosque of Meknes
1654:Bab Berdieyinne Mosque
1532:Moulay Abdallah Mosque
1517:Kasbah an-Nouar Mosque
1308:Grand Theatre of Rabat
907:Images of Hassan Tower
516:: CS1 maint: others (
423:patterning as well as
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292:1755 Lisbon earthquake
193:
101:Architectural style(s)
79:34.0241611; -6.8228250
1823:Great Mosque of Oujda
1715:Moulay Slimane Mosque
1710:Lalla Soukaina Mosque
1364:Salle Moulay Abdellah
1267:Rabat American School
1218:Mohammed V University
1154:St. Peter's Cathedral
1133:Moulay Slimane Mosque
902:at Wikimedia Commons
403:The tower is made of
398:
356:
332:
191:
1907:Almohad architecture
1833:Great Mosque of Taza
1828:Great Mosque of Salé
1802:Ould el-Hamra Mosque
1766:Sidi Bou Abid Mosque
1705:Great Mosque (Rabat)
1522:Lalla ez-Zhar Mosque
1472:Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque
1447:Abu al-Hassan Mosque
1369:Sports Center of FAR
1262:Lycée Moulay Youssef
1247:Khalil Gibran School
1242:École Belge de Rabat
1128:Great Mosque of Salé
1040:Kasbah of the Udayas
297:In the 20th century
284:Kasbah of the Udayas
254:The tower, like the
1787:Al-Mohammadi Mosque
1588:Bab Doukkala Mosque
1527:Lalla Ghriba Mosque
1384:Stade Moulay Hassan
1257:Lycée André Malraux
967:Bombardment of Salé
592:Medieval Encounters
391:The tower (minaret)
70: /
31:صومعة حسان (Arabic)
1876:Mosques by country
1669:Lalla Aouda Mosque
1603:Ben Youssef Mosque
1497:Chrabliyine Mosque
1487:Bou Inania Madrasa
1433:Mosques in Morocco
1195:Rabat–Salé tramway
1190:Rabat–Salé Airport
1050:Mohammed VI Bridge
1015:Borj Sidi Makhlouf
401:
359:
335:
194:
1884:
1883:
1756:Lalla Abla Mosque
1730:Zawiya of Chellah
1623:Mosque of the Cat
1492:Bou Jeloud Mosque
1482:Bab Guissa Mosque
1477:Andalusian Mosque
1399:
1398:
1359:Salle Ibn Yassine
1323:Rabat Observatory
1303:Archives du Maroc
1291:
1290:
1178:
1177:
1099:Places of worship
1094:
1093:
1086:Zawiya en-Noussak
1010:Borj Lalla Qadiya
898:Media related to
245:Battle of Alarcos
198:Almohad Caliphate
158:Almohad Caliphate
140:of an incomplete
119:
118:
1924:
1902:Mosques in Rabat
1871:Islam in Morocco
1782:Hassan II Mosque
1664:Nejjarine Mosque
1618:Mouassine Mosque
1613:Kutubiyya Mosque
1598:Ben Salah Mosque
1575:
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1225:(in nearby Salé)
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1695:As-Sunna Mosque
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1467:Al-Hamra Mosque
1462:Al-Beida Mosque
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1374:Stade Belvédère
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1118:As-Sunna Mosque
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1792:Al-Quds Mosque
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1720:Moulina Mosque
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1690:Ahl Fas Mosque
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1674:Er-Roua Mosque
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1507:El-Oued Mosque
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1113:Ahl Fas Mosque
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823:. UNESCO. 2012
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628:"Hasan Mosque"
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598:(2): 152–198.
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65:6°49′22.17″W
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22:Hassan Tower
1344:ASFAR women
1233:Primary and
217:al-Mahdiyya
126:Tour Hassan
77: /
53:Coordinates
28:Native name
1891:Categories
1775:Casablanca
1163:Synagogues
1000:Bab Oudaya
857:0870996371
827:2013-10-06
495:0500283451
451:References
325:The mosque
307:Vietnamese
264:Al Andalus
134:صومعة حسان
93:1191-1199
1581:Marrakesh
1276:Libraries
1235:secondary
1204:Education
1183:Transport
1055:Rabat Zoo
981:Landmarks
512:cite book
504:630140824
405:sandstone
367:hypostyle
339:Bu Regreg
276:Marrakesh
136:; is the
1917:Minarets
1866:Category
1313:Mawazine
1147:Churches
962:Timeline
742:20840032
439:See also
429:capitals
45:Location
1739:Tangier
1296:Culture
1106:Mosques
1020:Chellah
955:History
414:muezzin
385:arcades
260:Seville
256:Giralda
233:minaret
209:Maghreb
184:History
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237:Mármol
229:Kasbah
225:medina
213:Iberia
205:Muslim
202:Berber
142:mosque
130:Arabic
1683:Rabat
1339:ASFAR
1332:Sport
988:Rabat
944:Rabat
738:JSTOR
420:sebka
381:qibla
372:qibla
268:Spain
146:Rabat
90:Built
1064:Salé
948:Salé
876:ISBN
852:ISBN
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639:2021
566:ISBN
518:link
500:OCLC
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427:and
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200:, a
172:Name
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274:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
