475:
the 1968 coup. The positions they held in government were very powerful and each one of them was only looking for a way to increase that power and extend his control and influence within the government. Hasan al-Bakr had managed to gain the support of Saddam
Hussein, who helped boost his own career and popularity, placing him a few steps above Ammash and Hardan. Saddam needed a way into a higher position in government. Because he didn't have a strong military background, it would have been a little harder for him to gain power. He thought strategically that Bakr was his key to that power. He aligned himself with Bakr by supporting his policies. Slowly he started to work through Bakr, making him his puppet. By aligning himself with Hasan al-Bakr and other powerful figures within the state, he was in a safety zone. In order to keep making advancements, Saddam had to recognize that most of the power in the state lay within the hands of military forces and the men controlling it; those men happened to have been Bakr, Hardan, and Ammash. Since Saddam had already aligned himself with Bakr, the only two threats remaining were Hardan and Ammash. Both men also recognized the threat that Saddam posed to their careers. Hardan was the biggest political challenge because the military had become his stronghold where he controlled almost all if not everything that concerned the military.
484:
away on a plane just as several other exiled Iraqis in the past had been but he was to return just one week later with vengeance in his heart. After having returned to Iraq, Saddam set out to destroy Hardan right away. First he had his Deputy
Premier Position taken away by merging the title into the president's position. Saddam did this by simply convincing Bakr that Hardan was after his presidential seat. Listening to what Saddam suggested, Bakr started to implement a plan that would strip Hardan of actual controlling power. Hardan al-Tikriti was soon given the position as Vice President but this meant nothing because he no longer had the power to control cabinet meetings. Finally on 15 October 1970 Hardan was dismissed from all positions he carried because he was accused of disregarding efforts of the Ba'thist Party to help the Arabs. These posts included the Minister of Defence and Deputy Premier of Iraq. He was also dismissed from the Revolutionary Command Council. The charge against him meant that he wasn't helping the Ba'th live up to their oath to help protect the Palestinians. This charge was based on his opposition to Saddam Hussein's plans to use an Iraqi brigade located in Jordan to support Palestinians against the Jordanian government in the
416:
an attack on the
National Guard currently residing in Baghdad. Arif managed to regain his control over the state after the attack also making the decision to remove Sa'di from the government because he had become a threat to Arif and the Iraqi people. Sa'di was accused of attempts to spread Socialism throughout the state corrupting the government setup that Arif had in play. On November 11, after being asked to step down from his position in government as Minister of Interior, Sa'di refused and went on with his plans to attend the Extraordinary Regional Conference. At the conference he planned to have Hardan al-Tikriti, along with others who threatened his power and intentions, removed from their political positions. Instead Sa'di was met by the National Guard who arrested him and the rest of his supporters, forcing them onto a plane set to leave the state and land in Madrid.
407:, and Hardan al-Tikriti. Abd al-Karim Qasim was to be removed from his position in office and to do this the communist commander of the Air Force, Jalal al-Awqati, had to be killed. They also believed that the capture of Qasim and his sentencing to death was necessary for the transfer of power to take place. On 8 February after Qasim's seat was captured by members of the coup, he was killed and his body was displayed on television for all of Iraq to see. Abd al-Salam Arif was the person placed into the Presidential seat by the National Command of the Revolutionary Council (NCRC) after the February 8th events. He appointed Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr, a devoted Ba'thists, to be his vice president and
256:
437:
412:
Arif, Sa'di, and Bakr had no firm foundation because of the way that these men assumed their positions (the coup) of power. There was also an inability to find stability and common agreement among the three men. Opposing views began to surface as a result of unresolved opinions regarding the direction of the state of Iraq and an imbalance of power between Arif, Bakr, and Sa'di.
467:. In order to change this, Hardan needed to gain the favor of Ghaidan, which he managed to do with the help of Hasan al-Bakr. Ghaidan decided to join the two members of the Ba'thist Party by helping overthrow al-Dawud and his Republican Guard. After that was done, the Ba'thist Party was fully restored to power in Iraq on July 30, 1968.
411:
as his
Minister of the Interior. Although Abd al-Salam Arif was the President, al-Sa'di managed to maintain most power among the three because he was the leader of the Ba'thist Party at the time. Bakr was also a member of the Ba'th Party; Arif, on the other hand, was not. The government setup with
415:
On 18 November 1963 Hardan would once again assist in a power transfer, this time it was in collusion with the current
President of Iraq, Abd al-Salam Arif. Arif wanted to regain control of the state that was handed to him by the NCRC so he brought Hardan and General Tahir Yahya together to launch
474:
as the
Minister of Interior, the Ba'thist regime was on its way to successfully controlling the country. After some time in their respective offices, the men began to grow concerned with each man's next move. Ammash, Bakr, and Hardan al-Tikriti had helped each other make their way to the top with
40:
483:
Because Hardan recognized what Saddam
Hussein's intentions had been, he started to set up a strategy of his own. In 1969 Hardan tried to show his power and authority by convincing Bakr to send Saddam into exile for having questioned his power and motives in front of the council. Saddam was sent
390:
Prior to the coup, Hardan came together with other major political figures in the Ba'th Party and
Nationalist officers to carry out the plans made for the change in government. Military officials felt that too many civilians and important leaders had been wrongfully killed under
374:, Hardan ordered an air attack on the part of the Syrian air base at Aleppo that was in the hands of supporters of the old government. However, whilst the strike aircraft were en route, the Syrian Baathists took the air base and the attack was cancelled.
496:
to be the Iraqi
Ambassador. He wasn't accepted there so he later left. After a period of exile in London, Hardan was appointed as Iraqi Ambassador to Sweden. However, Hardan disliked being away from the Iraqi political scene and he travelled to
3349:
381:
withdrew his support from the Baath Party in late 1963, Hardan followed suit. Hardan then relinquished his command and was appointed
Defence Minister in which capacity he served from November 1963 until March 1964.
2658:
1295:
542:
Harvey H. Smith; William Giloane; Nancy W. Al-Any; Irving Kaplan; Donald W. Bernier; Rinn-Sup Shinn; Frederica M. Bunge; Suzanne Teleki; Richard F. Nyrop; Newton B. Parker; Beryl L. Benderly (1971).
456:
Hardan was re-appointed Minister of Defence in the aftermath of the 1968 coup. During his time as Defence Minister, Hardan was instrumental in securing large-scale military aid for Iraq from the
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1989:
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168:
395:, the current President. Qasim has also aligned himself with some of the Communist militia who was imposing violence on citizens of Iraq. Key players in this coup attempt included
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Hardan played the major role in this coup by delivering the final blow. During the 1968 coup, in the early hours of 17 July 1968, Hardan telephoned the sitting Prime Minister
129:
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During the period in 1963 when the Baathists were in power in Iraq, Hardan was appointed as commander of the entire Iraqi Air Force. However, when the President
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570:
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to inform him that he had been removed from office. Hardan then escorted Arif to the airport where the deposed Prime Minister was flown out of the country.
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2587:
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1317:
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708:
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Farouk-Sluglett, Marion, and Peter Sluglett. Iraq Since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship. New York: I. B. Tauris, 2001. Print. (pg 84, 93, 119)
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initially. He returned weeks later to Iraq to try to clear his record. However, he was unsuccessful and was turned around right away and sent to
234:
172:
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141:
959:
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840:
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and Saddam Hussein. On 30 March 1971, Hardan was killed in a car belonging to the Iraqi Embassy during a medical checkup at a Kuwait hospital.
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Tripp, Charles. A History of Iraq. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. ( Pg 163, 165, 168- 169, 178-179, 184-185)
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uprising. Hardan was later sent into exile and like all others he was put on a plane and flown out of the state. He was sent to
873:
Tripp, Charles. A History of Iraq. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. (Pg 163, 165, 168–169, 178–179, 184-185)
798:
Rautsi, Inari, and Efraim Karsh. Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography. New York City: Free Press, 1991. Print. (pg 31, 48-49)
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2962:
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149:
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With Hasan al-Bakr assuming the position as the President of Iraq, Hardan as the Defence Minister and Premier Deputy, and
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3058:
2623:
324:
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Although Hardan was promoted in office, there was still one remaining man ahead of him with the power to control him –
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1944:
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1939:
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1904:
1854:
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3078:
2998:
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1322:
106:
3148:
2957:
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3068:
2919:
2034:
1969:
1819:
1519:
1083:
929:
Coughlin, Con:. Saddam: King of Terror. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2002. Print. (pg 86)
3073:
2877:
2577:
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1829:
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1177:
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2909:
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2409:
2359:
2164:
2139:
2074:
1979:
1914:
1859:
1814:
1514:
1419:
816:"Book Review: A Former Iraqi Minister Speaks: The Memoirs of Ex-Planning Minister Jawad Hashim"
328:
51:
436:
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2582:
2434:
2384:
2159:
1954:
1934:
1757:
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1568:
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8:
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1999:
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1864:
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1106:
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319:
commander, Iraqi politician and ambassador who was assassinated on the orders of
316:
308:
270:
3350:
Members of the Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
366:
By the start of 1963, Hardan was the commander of the Iraqi Air Force base near
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As an officer in the Iraqi Air Force, he was educated at the flight academy in
320:
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87:
3313:
3227:
3222:
2842:
2394:
2389:
2282:
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2194:
2114:
2069:
2059:
1959:
1874:
1737:
1722:
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819:
359:
and was commissioned as a Flying Officer in 1946. In 1961, Hardan joined the
3212:
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2039:
1742:
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1409:
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1023:
548:(2nd ed.). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. vii
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2104:
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1974:
1732:
1712:
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288:
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and he played a key role in both the 1963 and 1968 revolutions in Iraq.
3237:
2444:
1844:
3232:
1302:
403:, Abd al-Sattar, Abd al-Latif, Mundhir al-Wandawi, Makki al-Hashimi,
370:. On 8 March 1963, with the Baath Party fighting to gain control of
39:
2988:
493:
356:
1024:"مصدر: ارهابيو داعش يفجرون قبر المقبور حردان التكريتي وسط تكريت"
16:
Iraqi Air Force commander, politician and ambassador (1925–1971)
514:
498:
489:
340:
224:
204:
997:
960:"Ousted Vice President of Iraq is Slain by 2 Gunmen in Kuwait"
449:
371:
367:
850:
Politics and Government in the Middle East and North Africa
522:
518:
260:
255:
323:. Additionally he held the titles of vice chairman of the
66:
Serving with Saddam Hussein and Salih Mahdi Ammash
980:. New York City: Free Press, 1991. Print. (pg 31, 48-49)
893:. New York: I. B. Tauris, 2001. Print. (pg 84, 93, 119)
1105:
773:"Abdel-Rahman Aref, 91, Former Iraqi President, Is Dead"
385:
431:
478:
419:
501:from where he attempted to organize a coup against
2833:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
712:
606:
440:Al-Tikriti (left) meeting with Egyptian President
839:
3311:
1318:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
891:Iraq Since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship
665:
663:
913:. New York: Bloomsbury, 2000. Print. (pg. 85)
347:Arab and a member of the tribe of Al-Shiyasha.
1245:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
703:
3009:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
1091:
889:Farouk-Sluglett, Marion, and Peter Sluglett.
660:
639:"The Iraqi Tribes and the Post-Saddam System"
2796:
853:. University Press of Florida. p. 176.
350:
3380:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1970s
315:; 1925 – 30 March 1971) was a senior
1098:
1084:
38:
2890:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
818:. JMH International. 2004. Archived from
2853:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
435:
2994:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
2973:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
2823:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
911:Saddam Hussein: The Politics of Revenge
671:"Biography of Saddam Hussein of Tikrit"
601:
567:"Iraqis in Amman Site Mukhabarat Agent"
517:, and his burial site was destroyed by
162:17 July 1968 – 15 October 1970
119:30 July 1968 – 15 October 1970
3312:
2905:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
833:
808:
699:
697:
695:
521:on 11 February 2014 when they planted
444:(right) and Egyptian defense minister
3174:
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2502:
1363:
1145:
1079:
978:Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography
633:
597:
595:
593:
591:
386:Role in the 1963 February coup d'etat
343:. His father was a police officer, a
185:February 1964 – October 1966
64:April 1970 – 15 October 1970
3024:Palestinian National Salvation Front
947:The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars
3094:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
3059:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
998:"بالصورة..تفجير قبر حردان التكريتي"
692:
325:Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council
312:
13:
3144:General Federation of Trade Unions
3004:Lebanese National Resistance Front
2717:National Progressive Front (Syria)
765:
588:
508:
432:Minister of Defence (1968 to 1970)
14:
3396:
3175:
2968:Palestine Liberation Organization
2712:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
2365:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
1795:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
976:Rautsi, Inari, and Efraim Karsh.
479:Fall from power and assassination
420:Role in the July 1968 coup d'etat
3385:Politicians assassinated in 1971
2873:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
2503:
1777:Members of the Regional Commands
305:Hardan 'Abdul Ghaffar al-Tikriti
254:
3121:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
1255:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
1016:
990:
970:
952:
939:
923:
903:
883:
867:
792:
3355:Assassinated Iraqi politicians
3340:Ambassadors of Iraq to Algeria
2943:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
1364:
749:
733:
627:
559:
535:
1:
3345:Ambassadors of Iraq to Sweden
3154:General Union of Syrian Women
3064:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
3019:Palestinian National Alliance
1291:Revolutionary Command Council
1183:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
609:Historical Dictionary of Iraq
528:
334:
150:Revolutionary Command Council
3365:Iraqi Air Force air marshals
3360:Government ministers of Iraq
2963:National Democratic Alliance
2948:Forces of Freedom and Change
1945:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
1905:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
1855:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
573:. 2000-02-02. Archived from
7:
3089:Social Democratic Unionists
3054:Arab Democratic Union Party
2750:National Defense Battalions
1146:
1108:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
1056:Ibrahim Abdel Rahman Dawoud
339:Hardan was born in 1925 in
239:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
130:Ibrahim Abdel Rahman Dawoud
10:
3401:
3267:On the Way of Resurrection
3260:The Battle for One Destiny
3049:Arab Socialist Union Party
2999:Lebanese National Movement
2229:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
1940:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
1030:(in Arabic). November 2014
949:. ABC-CLIO, 2010. p. 1241.
945:Michael K. Beauchamp, in:
719:. Integrity Media Europe.
3276:
3251:
3185:
3181:
3170:
3149:General Union of Peasants
3136:
3041:
2981:
2958:National Consensus Forces
2935:
2928:
2861:
2810:
2806:
2791:
2771:Revolutionary Youth Union
2763:
2732:
2725:
2704:
2678:
2606:
2528:
2517:
2513:
2498:
2483:
2373:
2333:
2326:
2271:
2246:
2239:
2223:
1988:
1783:
1776:
1645:
1599:
1577:
1556:
1529:
1482:
1475:
1434:
1402:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1273:
1212:
1191:
1160:
1156:
1141:
1115:
1066:
1061:Defence Minister of Iraq
1059:
1053:
1048:
351:Air Force and Baath Party
298:
284:
276:
266:
249:
244:
230:
214:
198:
193:
189:
178:
166:
155:
147:
135:
123:
112:
105:
93:
81:
71:
57:
50:
46:
37:
28:
21:
3099:Socialist Unionist Party
3069:Libyan National Movement
2895:Arabic Toilers' Movement
2799:Associated organizations
2659:National Security Bureau
2607:Syrian-dominated faction
2035:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
1970:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
1820:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1520:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1435:Syrian-dominated faction
1131:Syrian-dominated faction
313:حردان عبدالغفار التكريتي
31:حردان عبدالغفار التكريتي
29:
3335:Vice presidents of Iraq
3074:National Covenant Party
2878:Arab Socialist Movement
2529:Iraqi-dominated faction
2455:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
2145:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
1830:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
1800:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
1403:Iraqi-dominated faction
1323:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
1313:Union of Arab Republics
1265:1966 Syrian coup d'état
1240:1963 Syrian coup d'état
1220:1954 Syrian coup d'état
1178:Arab Socialist Movement
1122:Iraqi-dominated faction
3104:Syrian Communist Party
2910:Palestinian Arab Front
2440:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
2420:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
2410:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
2360:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
2165:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
2140:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
2075:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
1980:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1915:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
1860:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1815:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
1515:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1420:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
677:. 2002. Archived from
545:Area Handbook for Iraq
453:
329:vice president of Iraq
52:Vice President of Iraq
2920:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
2435:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
2385:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2160:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
1955:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
1708:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1569:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
1204:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
643:Brookings Institution
513:Hardan was buried in
439:
277:Years of service
235:Iraqi Regional Branch
173:Iraqi Regional Branch
3014:National Union Front
2345:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2303:Abdul Halim Khaddam
2258:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2110:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
2055:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
1925:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
1850:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1703:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1505:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1476:Regional Secretaries
1173:Arab Ba'ath Movement
503:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
397:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
76:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3375:Iraqi Sunni Muslims
3137:Other organizations
3079:Popular Unity Party
2929:Political alliances
2460:Wael Nader al-Halqi
2327:Heads of government
2170:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
2125:Abdul Halim Khaddam
2095:Mohammad al-Hussein
2080:Wael Nader al-Halqi
1920:Taha Yassin Ramadan
1910:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
1900:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1885:Latif Nassif Jassim
1375:General Secretaries
1308:Corrective Movement
1230:1959 Mosul uprising
675:The Iraq Foundation
613:. Scarecrow Press.
571:The Iraq Foundation
107:Minister of Defence
3330:People from Tikrit
3029:Rejectionist Front
2425:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
2400:Nureddin al-Atassi
2288:Nureddin al-Atassi
2120:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
2025:Nureddin al-Atassi
1935:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1835:Salih Mahdi Ammash
1805:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
1758:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1688:Nureddin al-Atassi
1622:Nureddin al-Atassi
1500:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1452:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1442:Nureddin al-Atassi
1338:De-Ba'athification
1281:17 July Revolution
1235:Ramadan Revolution
1225:14 July Revolution
1049:Political offices
964:The New York Times
472:Salih Mahdi Ammash
454:
442:Gamal Abdel Nasser
409:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
401:Salih Mahdi Ammash
393:Abd al-Karim Qasim
293:Lieutenant General
100:Salih Mahdi Ammash
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3042:Political parties
3037:
3036:
2915:Socialist Lebanon
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2674:
2673:
2520:Regional branches
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2450:Riyad Farid Hijab
2415:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
2322:
2321:
2308:
2235:
2234:
2185:Hikmat al-Shihabi
2000:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1965:Hardan al-Tikriti
1895:Adnan Khayr Allah
1890:Rashid Taan Kazim
1825:Salah Omar al-Ali
1668:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1641:
1640:
1471:
1470:
1457:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1074:
1073:
1067:Succeeded by
986:978-0-8021-3978-8
935:978-0-641-93803-0
919:978-1-58234-050-0
909:Aburish, Said K.
899:978-1-86064-622-5
879:978-0-521-70247-8
804:978-0-8021-3978-8
761:978-0-521-70247-8
745:978-1-86064-622-5
603:Ghareeb, Edmund A
426:Abdul Rahman Arif
302:
301:
222:(aged 46–47)
23:Hardan al-Tikriti
3392:
3203:Arab nationalism
3193:Anti-imperialism
3183:
3182:
3172:
3171:
2953:March 8 Alliance
2933:
2932:
2865:
2864:Breakaway groups
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2730:
2729:
2556:Regional Command
2526:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2499:
2430:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
2377:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2304:
2275:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2180:Farouk al-Sharaa
2175:Hammouda Sabbagh
2065:Ibrahim al-Hadid
2045:Mahdi Dakhlallah
2030:Shibli al-Aysami
1992:
1840:Hussein Al-Awadi
1810:Saad Abdul-Majid
1787:
1781:
1780:
1728:Akram al-Hawrani
1698:Shibli al-Aysami
1693:Mansur al-Atrash
1655:
1654:National Command
1649:
1612:Shibli al-Aysami
1480:
1479:
1453:
1425:Salah Al-Mukhtar
1379:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1343:Syrian civil war
1250:Ar-Rashid revolt
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1123:
1109:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1054:Preceded by
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
994:
988:
974:
968:
967:
966:. 31 March 1971.
956:
950:
943:
937:
927:
921:
907:
901:
887:
881:
871:
865:
864:
837:
831:
830:
828:
827:
812:
806:
796:
790:
789:
787:
786:
769:
763:
753:
747:
737:
731:
730:
718:
715:Saddam's Secrets
701:
690:
689:
687:
686:
667:
658:
657:
655:
654:
645:. Archived from
631:
625:
624:
612:
599:
586:
585:
583:
582:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
539:
379:Abdul Salam Arif
314:
259:
258:
245:Military service
221:
194:Personal details
183:
169:Regional Command
160:
138:
126:
117:
96:
84:
62:
42:
32:
19:
18:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3295:
3291:Pan-Arab colors
3285:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
3272:
3247:
3177:
3158:
3132:
3033:
2977:
2924:
2883:Damascus branch
2863:
2857:
2828:Free Iraqi Army
2818:Al-Abud Network
2802:
2798:
2775:
2759:
2745:Fedayeen Saddam
2740:Ba'ath Brigades
2721:
2700:
2691:Sawt al-Jamahir
2670:
2649:Central Command
2602:
2519:
2509:
2505:
2486:
2475:
2375:
2369:
2335:
2318:
2313:Bashar al-Assad
2293:Ahmad al-Khatib
2273:
2267:
2248:
2231:
2219:
2190:Hammud al-Shufi
2155:Zuhair Masharqa
2150:Ibrahim Makhous
2135:Ahmad al-Khatib
2100:Hisham Ikhtiyar
2020:Rifaat al-Assad
2010:Bashar al-Assad
1990:
1984:
1950:Talib El-Shibib
1865:Saadoun Ghaidan
1785:
1772:
1768:Khaled Yashruti
1763:Talib El-Shibib
1753:Abdullah Rimawi
1718:Wahib al-Ghanim
1678:Bashar al-Assad
1653:
1647:
1637:
1632:Bashar al-Assad
1607:Hammud al-Shufi
1595:
1573:
1552:
1537:Abdullah Rimawi
1525:
1495:Talib El-Shibib
1467:
1462:Bashar al-Assad
1430:
1398:
1366:
1347:
1269:
1208:
1187:
1152:
1148:
1137:
1130:
1121:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1028:burathanews.com
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
975:
971:
958:
957:
953:
944:
940:
928:
924:
908:
904:
888:
884:
872:
868:
861:
841:Ismael, Tareq Y
838:
834:
825:
823:
814:
813:
809:
797:
793:
784:
782:
771:
770:
766:
754:
750:
738:
734:
727:
702:
693:
684:
682:
669:
668:
661:
652:
650:
632:
628:
621:
600:
589:
580:
578:
565:
564:
560:
551:
549:
540:
536:
531:
511:
509:Place of burial
486:Black September
481:
434:
422:
388:
353:
337:
317:Iraqi Air Force
271:Iraqi Air Force
253:
231:Political party
223:
219:
203:
184:
179:
161:
156:
136:
124:
118:
113:
94:
82:
67:
63:
58:
33:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:Arab socialism
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2838:Jeish Muhammad
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2705:Popular fronts
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2511:
2510:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2470:Hussein Arnous
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Hafez al-Assad
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Sa'dun Hammadi
2352:
2350:Saddam Hussein
2347:
2341:
2339:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2300:
2298:Hafez al-Assad
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2263:Saddam Hussein
2260:
2254:
2252:
2241:
2240:Heads of state
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:Muhammad Umran
2202:
2200:Hasan Turkmani
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:Hafez al-Assad
2012:
2007:
2005:Hussein Arnous
2002:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1930:Fuad al-Rikabi
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Saddam Hussein
1877:
1872:
1870:Sa'dun Hammadi
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:Fuad al-Rikabi
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1683:Hafez al-Assad
1680:
1675:
1673:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1627:Hafez al-Assad
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1547:Akram al-Homsi
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1510:Saddam Hussein
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Fuad al-Rikabi
1486:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1449:
1447:Hafez al-Assad
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1415:Saddam Hussein
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Iraqi conflict
1330:
1328:Faith Campaign
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1286:Ba'athist Iraq
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1260:1964 Hama riot
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1126:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1015:
989:
969:
951:
938:
922:
902:
882:
866:
859:
832:
807:
791:
778:New York Times
764:
748:
732:
725:
691:
659:
637:(2003-07-08).
635:Baram, Amatzia
626:
619:
587:
558:
533:
532:
530:
527:
510:
507:
480:
477:
465:Sa'dun Ghaidan
433:
430:
421:
418:
387:
384:
352:
349:
336:
333:
321:Saddam Hussein
300:
299:
296:
295:
286:
282:
281:
278:
274:
273:
268:
267:Branch/service
264:
263:
251:
247:
246:
242:
241:
232:
228:
227:
216:
212:
211:
209:Mandatory Iraq
200:
196:
195:
191:
190:
187:
186:
176:
175:
167:Member of the
164:
163:
153:
152:
148:Member of the
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
110:
109:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
88:Saddam Hussein
85:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
65:
55:
54:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3397:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Republicanism
3226:
3224:
3223:Progressivism
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:Miscellaneous
3173:
3169:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Rejectionists
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2790:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2485:* = incumbent
2482:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
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2395:Yusuf Zuayyin
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2390:Amin al-Hafiz
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2283:Amin al-Hafiz
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2115:Sami al-Jundi
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2070:Amin al-Hafiz
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2060:Marwan Habash
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1875:Qusay Hussein
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1738:Zuheir Mohsen
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1723:Amin al-Hafiz
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1617:Amin al-Hafiz
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1069:Hammad Shihab
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860:0-8130-1043-8
856:
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822:on 2007-10-08
821:
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726:1-59145-504-9
722:
717:
716:
710:
706:
705:Sada, Georges
700:
698:
696:
681:on 2007-10-09
680:
676:
672:
666:
664:
649:on 2007-11-03
648:
644:
640:
636:
630:
622:
620:0-8108-4330-7
616:
611:
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577:on 2007-10-09
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459:
451:
447:
446:Mohamed Fawzi
443:
438:
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427:
417:
413:
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406:
402:
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218:30 March 1971
217:
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206:
201:
197:
192:
188:
182:
177:
174:
170:
165:
159:
154:
151:
146:
143:
142:Hammad Shihab
140:
134:
131:
128:
122:
116:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
92:
89:
86:
80:
77:
74:
70:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
27:
20:
3370:Iraqi exiles
3283:
3265:
3258:
3198:Anti-Zionism
2811:Armed groups
2755:Popular Army
2733:Paramilitary
2506:Organization
2305:
2040:Muhsen Bilal
1964:
1743:Munif Razzaz
1663:Michel Aflaq
1585:Isam al-Qadi
1542:Munif Razzaz
1454:
1410:Michel Aflaq
1394:Munif Razzaz
1389:Michel Aflaq
1199:Michel Aflaq
1161:Predecessors
1128:
1119:
1060:
1032:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1001:
992:
977:
972:
963:
954:
946:
941:
925:
910:
905:
890:
885:
869:
849:
835:
824:. Retrieved
820:the original
810:
794:
783:. Retrieved
781:. 2007-08-25
776:
767:
751:
735:
714:
683:. Retrieved
679:the original
651:. Retrieved
647:the original
629:
608:
579:. Retrieved
575:the original
561:
550:. Retrieved
544:
537:
512:
482:
469:
462:
458:Soviet Union
455:
423:
414:
389:
376:
365:
354:
338:
304:
303:
220:(1971-03-30)
180:
157:
137:Succeeded by
114:
95:Succeeded by
59:
3325:1971 deaths
3320:1925 births
3243:Vanguardism
3218:Pan-Arabism
2848:Snake Party
2634:South Yemen
2465:Imad Khamis
2210:Salim Yasin
2130:Imad Khamis
2105:Salah Jadid
2090:Hilal Hilal
2085:Salim Hatum
2050:Ahmad Diyab
1975:Tahir Yahya
1733:Salah Jadid
1713:Elias Farah
1590:Rakad Salem
1564:Assem Qanso
1168:Arab Ba'ath
1004:(in Arabic)
845:Ismael, J S
405:Tahir Yahya
361:Baath Party
289:Air Marshal
125:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
3314:Categories
3252:Literature
3238:Secularism
3126:in Lebanon
2679:Newspapers
2624:Mauritania
2578:Mauritania
2445:Adel Safar
1845:Tariq Aziz
1455:(de facto)
1365:Leadership
1274:Post-split
1064:1968–1970
1034:2 November
1008:2 November
826:2007-10-15
785:2007-10-15
709:Black, J N
685:2007-10-14
653:2007-10-14
581:2007-10-20
552:2007-10-20
529:References
335:Early life
250:Allegiance
3277:Symbolism
3233:Saddamism
3213:Ba'athism
2696:Al-Thawra
2686:Al-Ba'ath
2629:Palestine
2583:Palestine
2306:(interim)
1578:Palestine
1382:Pre-split
1303:Arab Belt
1213:Pre-split
1002:non14.net
280:1946–1969
181:In office
158:In office
115:In office
72:President
60:In office
3186:Ideology
2989:Ahd Bloc
1192:Founders
847:(1991).
711:(2006).
605:(2004).
3114:Unified
3109:Bakdash
2936:Current
2900:Al-Awda
2654:History
2619:Lebanon
2593:Tunisia
2568:Lebanon
2541:Bahrain
2536:Algeria
1651:of the
1648:Members
1557:Lebanon
1296:Members
1149:History
525:in it.
494:Algeria
357:Baghdad
237:of the
171:of the
2982:Former
2614:Jordan
2563:Jordan
1530:Jordan
984:
933:
917:
897:
877:
857:
802:
759:
743:
723:
617:
515:Tikrit
499:Kuwait
490:Madrid
452:, 1969
341:Tikrit
309:Arabic
225:Kuwait
205:Tikrit
3084:Sawab
2764:Youth
2726:Wings
2666:Yemen
2644:Syria
2639:Sudan
2598:Yemen
2588:Sudan
2573:Libya
2546:Egypt
2376:Syria
2274:Syria
2224:Yemen
1991:Syria
1600:Syria
450:Cairo
372:Syria
368:Mosul
345:Sunni
2551:Iraq
2336:Iraq
2249:Iraq
1786:Iraq
1483:Iraq
1036:2014
1010:2014
982:ISBN
931:ISBN
915:ISBN
895:ISBN
875:ISBN
855:ISBN
800:ISBN
757:ISBN
741:ISBN
721:ISBN
615:ISBN
523:IEDs
519:ISIS
327:and
285:Rank
261:Iraq
215:Died
202:1924
199:Born
448:in
291:or
3316::
1026:.
1000:.
962:.
843:;
775:.
707:;
694:^
673:.
662:^
641:.
590:^
569:.
460:.
399:,
331:.
311::
207:,
2472:*
2315:*
1634:*
1592:*
1549:*
1522:*
1464:*
1427:*
1099:e
1092:t
1085:v
1038:.
1012:.
863:.
829:.
788:.
729:.
688:.
656:.
623:.
584:.
555:.
307:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
