1770:, the Secretary General of the Iraqi branch's Regional Command, was expelled from the party in 1964, and al-Bakr succeeded him in office. The remaining members of the Military Bureau were given high offices within the Regional Command. The Ba'ath Party tried unsuccessfully to oust the Arif government in 1964. In the failed coup's aftermath, both al-Bakr and Saddam, were sentenced to jail for two years. In 1966, when Saddam was released from prison, al-Bakr appointed him Deputy Secretary of the Regional Command. Saddam, who would prove to be a skilled organiser, revitalised the party. In 1967, al-Bakr called for the establishment of a national unity government between ba'athist and nasserist forces. Al-Bakr's call for a unity government should be taken with a grain of salt; by this time the Military Bureau and the Regional Command were already planning a coup to oust the government.
1774:
1945:
properties of its political opponents. The continued sequestration of land increased the strength of the patrimonial system; members of the political elite could bestow lands to people to increase the support for the government. The government could do this because the government was Iraq's biggest landowner. The co-operatives which had been established provided a means of social control through their regulation. Corruption also proved to be a problem, and the acquisition of land of people close to the political leadership was repeated on a scale not seen since the
632:
4751:
4685:
4594:
4588:
4522:
4516:
4443:
4310:
4179:
4123:
4082:
4076:
4035:
4029:
1000:
1852:, should have had the upper hand because of their support within the military, they lost the power struggle to al-Bakr due to his political skills and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's organisational structure. An-Naif was removed from office on 30 July 1968, and Daud lost his position shortly after. They were both exiled. Their removal was later referred to by the government as the "correctional coup". Al-Bakr consolidated his position in government by appointing himself prime minister and by appointing his close associate,
921:
1982:
Saddam had taken steps to make the anticipated loss less severe on the people and the economy; Saddam visited Moscow and negotiated a treaty whereby the Soviet Union would buy some of Iraq's oil, and second, the government did not nationalise the IPC subsidiaries and gave French members "special treatment". These French members bought nearly a quarter of Iraq's oil production. This policy proved highly successful, and there was a massive increase in the price of oil in the aftermath of the
668:
7868:
1997:, Iraq became the second largest oil exporter in the world. The increase in oil export rejuvenated the country's economy; nearly all economic indexes increased to unprecedented levels. From 1970 to 1980 Iraq's economy grew by 11.7 percent. The growth rates of the 1970s were not sustainable; economic growth depended on high oil prices and Iraq's oil exporting capabilities, and once oil was cut out of the picture, Iraq's growth would decrease dramatically.
47:
1816:, the President, and asked him to surrender. Arif asked for time to consider; he wanted to find out if he had any loyal troops left. He phoned al-Bakr back later that evening and surrendered. Al-Bakr, in return, guaranteed his safety. Later, when the situation was secure, the Ba'ath Party announced it had taken power. Before taking power, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party tried successfully to recruit military officers for the cause; some, such as
1973:, to improve Iraq's oil producing capabilities. This agreement would signal the end of the IPC's dominance over Iraq's oil resources; it also reinforced al-Bakr's belief that the company needed to be nationalised. Negotiations between the Iraqi government and the IPC began in December 1971 and ended in March 1972 when the government was given shares in the IPC's equity. However, relations soon soured; the IPC cut its own production at the
1756:
Simultaneously with al-Bakr's rise to power, Saddam's position within the party also strengthened. During this time period, Saddam became one of al-Bakr's closest associates, and he was trusted with important tasks. Saddam was tasked with establishing the party's security apparatus. Al-Bakr consolidated his hold on the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch by appointing supporters to important offices. By appointing fellow
4757:
4185:
743:. In the newly established government, he was involved in improving Iraqi–Soviet relations. In 1959 al-Bakr was forced to resign from the Iraqi military; the then Iraqi government accused him of anti-government activities. Following his forced retirement, he became the chairman of the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch's Military Bureau. Through this office he recruited members to the Ba'athist cause through
1801:. In February 1968, the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party convened the Ninth National Congress and elected Aflaq as the Secretary General of the National Command of the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party. This decision worsened the already bad relations with the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party. Al-Bakr was elected to the National Command as a member at the Ninth National Congress.
1923:(RCC), the highest legislative and executive organ of party and state, implemented and decided the goals of the plan. It was the political elite, and not the economic elite, which decided the content of an economic plan; before the Ba'ath took power, it was the other way around. The RCC convened every year to set up a budget for each year to come.
613:
1932:
increased, and by May 1970 the government had introduced a new land reform. This land reform tried to revitalise Iraqi agriculture by resolving some of the issues of the previous land reforms, such as by paying more attention to the relationship to the type of land and irrigation system, and limits on how much land could be owned.
898:, Secretary (leader) of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch, reorganised the party's rank and file, and on 24 December 1962 launched a nationwide protest against Qasim's government. The government's treatment of dissent did not soften and by 1963 several leading Iraqi Ba'athists had travelled to
803:
was established in the late 1970s under Saddam's direction. Al-Bakr gradually lost power to Saddam in the 1970s, as the latter strengthened his position within the party and the state through security services. In 1979, al-Bakr resigned from all public offices for "health reasons". He died in 1982 of
1931:
From the very beginning, al-Bakr's handling of Iraqi agriculture was handled with a populist touch. For instance, in 1969 the government cancelled all compensation for sequestered lands. This decree relieved the beneficiaries of the reform by removing the financial burden. Investments in agriculture
2096:
was modified in preparation for this goal. However, the relationship with Nasser deteriorated and the Iraqi media led a campaign to counteract and reverse the wide Iraqi street support of Nasser with some regular comedy based radio shows famously known as "G'ood's program". The program was suddenly
1981:
The nationalisation of the IPC proved to be the last important element of foreign control over Iraq's control, and Iraq as a whole. Austerity measures were introduced in anticipation of the loss of revenue. Even so, the nationalisation proved highly popular with the people. In addition, al-Bakr and
1952:
By the mid-to-late 1970s, the Arab
Socialist Ba'ath Party's land reform was beginning to have an effect. By 1976, 71 percent of state-owned land was given 222,000 new farmers. These farmers were also given up-to-date agricultural equipment. Co-operatives increased from a low 473 in 1968 to 1,852 in
1944:
The introduction of subsidies and the removal of financial burdens from the peasantry were populist, but were also part of al-Bakr's plan of creating a patrimonial system with himself at the top. This system gave the economic levers of powers to the political elite, which it used to confiscate the
902:
to plan a coup against Qasim. The plan was simple: to build a support network in the military. A Military Bureau was established to set these plans in motion. Al-Bakr was elected its chairman. The bureau managed to recruit increasing numbers of officers, most often through personal attachments to
1940:
to placate the party's left-wing faction; the establishment of collective farms soon halted. Other measures were also introduced which benefited the landholding peasants, but these reforms were never able to counter the decline in agricultural production. Because of this, and the high population
1755:
Following his and the party's ouster, al-Bakr was jailed. The
November coup had the effect of strengthening al-Bakr's position within the party as well as that of his close associates. After a couple of years, al-Bakr was elected as the Iraqi branch's Secretary General of the Regional Command.
2005:
On taking power, the Arab
Socialist Ba'ath Party promised wealth distribution and a more equal society; the government's effort to implement this was hampered by the government's lack of revenue. The government was able to fulfill this promise with the increase in oil revenues in the 1970s.
1949:. This patrimonial system also favoured those who already owned land; roughly one-third of agricultural land was owned by the estimated 3 percent of landowners. Instead of confiscating their property, and evening out the distribution of land, the government kept the system in place.
2010:
on basic commodities, and introduced tax relief and a limited social welfare programme. These programmes were not properly developed until the mid-1970s, when increasing oil revenue allowed the government to invest more in such areas. According to
7922:
1977:
by half. The government saw this as proof of the company's arrogance, and the government also began to see the danger of a private company controlling such a vital source of the government's revenues. The IPC was nationalised in June 1972.
1914:
was established. Saddam also started a diversification programme to ensure that Iraq would not be dependent on its oil revenues in the future. Even before the Ba'ath takeover, the Iraqi government set economic growth targets through
778:
Al-Bakr and the party then pursued underground activities and became vocal critics of the government. During this period, al-Bakr was elected the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch's
Secretary General (the head), and appointed his cousin,
791:
and the president; he was later appointed the prime minister. Saddam, the Ba'ath Party's deputy, became the deputy chairman of the
Revolutionary Command Council and vice president, and was responsible for Iraq's security services.
7957:
1831:
Immediately after the coup, a power struggle broke out between Arab
Socialist Ba'ath Party led by al-Bakr and the military wing, led predominantly by an-Naif and Daud. an-Naif and Daud had been appointed prime minister and
960:, who wanted to broaden the government's traditional base of support by including non-Ba'athists in government. Al-Bakr was a moderate and spent much of his time trying to seek a compromise between the two factions.
2104:. On 9 April 1972, Iraq and the Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship. The two countries agreed to cooperate in political, economic, and military affairs. The Soviet Union also agreed to supply Iraq with arms.
6367:
5004:
967:, the Secretary General of the National Command (the Ba'ath Party leader), suggested that the National Command should take over the Iraqi Ba'ath Party cell. The meeting led Arif, the President, to lead the
963:
To solve the ideological differences between the party factions, al-Bakr called a meeting of the
National Command, the leading organ of the Ba'ath Party. The meeting did not go as al-Bakr planned, and
1965:(IPC), a private enterprise, on Law 80 of 1961. Iraq was later able to negotiate a treaty with the Soviet Union, whereby the later built an oil pipeline to an oil refinery and oil export facility at
6357:
6264:
5698:
5493:
439:
347:
1936:
were established, and cultivators were obliged to join them if they wanted to benefit from government subsidies and investments. At around this time, the government also established several
1993:
in 1972 1.7 billion ID in 1974 to 3.7 billion ID in 1978 to 8.9 billion ID in 1980. In short, Iraq increased its oil revenue by over 40 times in less than a decade. With the success of the
903:
certain people; for instance, some officers attached themselves to the bureau because of their relationship with al-Bakr. Al-Bakr led the
February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, later called the
840:, and was imprisoned and expelled from the army. After 15 years of trying to rehabilitate himself al-Bakr was reinstated in the Iraqi Army in 1956, the same year he became a member of the
6362:
7917:
5355:
887:
In the late 1950s, when Saddam became a member of the Ba'ath Party, the two established a bond. Their future close relationship became possible because of Saddam's uncle,
579:
6506:
6347:
6306:
1566:
1508:
2031:
increased due to the nationalisation of the IPC. The country's electricity grid was expanded, and for the first time in Iraq's history, it reached the countryside.
599:
271:
884:. During this period he became a member of the Ba'ath Party. Even so, al-Bakr retained his prominence within the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch.
6296:
2044:
Under Bakr conflicts intensified between the government and the Kurds. In early 1974 heavy fighting erupted in northern Iraq between government forces and
1503:
795:
Under al-Bakr's rule, Iraq grew economically due to high international oil prices, which strengthened its position in the Arab world and increased Iraqis'
419:
6327:
5026:
1429:
876:. In 1959, a year following the coup, al-Bakr was again forced to retire from the military under allegations that he led an anti-government rebellion in
7627:
6541:
6374:
6352:
6254:
4234:
3815:
1571:
1529:
1345:
828:. His father Hassan Bakr Omar passed away in 1938. That same year he entered the Iraqi Military Academy after spending six years as a primary-school
6259:
1986:. The oil revenues strengthened the political elite's patrimonial system; the means of patronage exceeded "anything available" to previous rulers.
1366:
845:
717:
713:
443:
351:
1906:
control over Iraq's economic development by being chairman of the most important economic committees. A shift happened under Saddam's command; a
264:
4953:
1773:
1742:
1550:
1329:
1308:
7657:
7104:
6717:
1350:
1260:
2115:
in the Middle East. It appeared that any enemy of the
Baghdad government was a potential ally of the United States." From 1973 to 1975, the
1408:
1371:
7927:
6598:
6213:
3968:
1598:
1524:
952:
was chosen as chief of staff. Soon after taking power, two factions were established; the radicals, mostly military men, who wished for
7612:
7040:
6852:
6834:
4838:
1058:
821:
7607:
6613:
6591:
6571:
6244:
4829:
4806:
1631:
1303:
1048:
7737:
7667:
7632:
6561:
6342:
6271:
1387:
7912:
7597:
6702:
6681:
6531:
6227:
5361:
1941:
growth at the time, Iraq became a net importer of food grains; imports of food grain increased twelvefold from the early 1960s.
1288:
7109:
2214:
1589:
6281:
6276:
4227:
3799:
3606:
3563:
3485:
3445:
3402:
3291:
2822:
2782:
2552:
2519:
2479:
2446:
2296:
2263:
1445:
1424:
612:
7235:
4963:
1200:
1009:
968:
772:
7275:
6732:
6671:
4999:
3936:
1920:
1880:
Despite al-Bakr's and the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party's radical rhetoric, their economic policies were neither radical nor very
1837:
1794:
853:
788:
294:
7647:
7592:
6802:
6767:
6332:
1798:
1466:
7587:
6757:
6712:
6458:
6425:
2236:
1735:
2241:
2239:
1812:
led the coup on the ground, but it was al-Bakr who masterminded it. From his military headquarters, al-Bakr contacted
7729:
7652:
6676:
6420:
6073:
5503:
4572:
4397:
3756:
3718:
3680:
3639:
3523:
3362:
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3246:
3208:
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3132:
3094:
3056:
3018:
2980:
2942:
2909:
2880:
2851:
2742:
2704:
2666:
2628:
2590:
2413:
2375:
2337:
2057:
533:
783:, the party cell's deputy leader. Al-Bakr and the Ba'ath Party regained power in the coup of 1968, later called the
7952:
7942:
7902:
7517:
7509:
7173:
6822:
6817:
6807:
6608:
6581:
6322:
6083:
4220:
3961:
1618:
1392:
999:
6829:
6249:
6043:
5653:
4247:
4094:
2048:
nationalists, who rejected as inadequate a new
Kurdish autonomy law based on a 1970 agreement. The Kurds, led by
1324:
7255:
7677:
7439:
7033:
6651:
5021:
4856:
4457:
3990:
709:
6862:
6772:
6727:
5648:
4891:
4799:
2540:
1728:
1241:
740:
7245:
7225:
7205:
4973:
4948:
4928:
2281:
The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts
2248:
The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts
1786:
1250:
1246:
7907:
7622:
7582:
7572:
7121:
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5613:
5563:
2131:
1265:
7138:
7937:
7932:
7747:
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6762:
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6301:
5981:
5016:
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4003:
3954:
2116:
1545:
1270:
1255:
945:
7962:
7718:
7711:
7642:
7321:
7083:
6975:
6968:
6787:
6707:
5956:
5937:
5031:
4674:
4148:
3981:
3787:
3594:
3551:
3473:
3433:
3390:
3279:
2810:
2770:
2507:
2401:
2163:
1833:
1164:
1159:
231:
7871:
7672:
7562:
7459:
7148:
7126:
7026:
6857:
6666:
6479:
4417:
4274:
825:
7180:
6777:
6628:
5743:
5678:
5528:
5228:
4792:
4269:
1644:
2150:(father of the Ba'athist ideology), who was reported to have led his funeral procession, and King
7833:
7752:
7537:
6782:
6586:
6286:
6163:
5853:
5538:
5508:
4886:
4881:
4606:
4490:
4407:
4013:
1962:
1825:
1461:
1236:
1028:
2111:, the Ba'athist coup of 1968 upset "the US-sponsored security system established as part of the
7947:
7260:
6812:
6618:
6148:
6128:
6118:
6068:
5873:
5848:
5783:
5688:
5623:
5568:
5523:
5223:
5128:
4659:
4619:
4567:
4243:
3896:
3869:
3842:
2544:
2135:
1841:
1220:
1140:
941:
868:. He had a short stint in the public limelight during Qasim's rule, and withdrew Iraq from the
760:
529:
136:
2934:
2901:
2843:
2288:
2255:
7818:
7552:
7547:
7424:
7404:
7215:
7185:
6404:
6291:
6143:
6093:
5868:
5663:
5643:
5466:
5416:
5277:
5208:
5046:
4912:
4342:
3889:
3631:
3354:
2872:
2471:
2438:
2405:
2146:
Al-Bakr died in October 1982 of unreported causes. He was given a state funeral, attended by
2123:
1821:
1482:
1230:
1095:
983:
895:
833:
167:
91:
3779:
3586:
3543:
3465:
3425:
3382:
3271:
2802:
2762:
2499:
7897:
7892:
7853:
7823:
7783:
7778:
7682:
7557:
5818:
5763:
5633:
4547:
4352:
2089:
1885:
881:
3791:
3598:
3555:
3477:
3437:
3394:
3283:
2814:
2774:
2511:
940:, an independent, was installed as president, al-Bakr was installed as prime minister and
8:
7843:
7200:
7133:
6463:
6168:
6011:
5878:
5833:
5803:
5788:
5628:
5618:
5608:
5593:
4938:
4644:
4432:
4402:
4279:
3775:
3582:
3539:
3461:
3421:
3378:
3267:
2930:
2798:
2758:
2495:
2108:
1911:
837:
681:
7848:
7828:
7788:
7704:
7687:
7662:
7469:
7280:
7270:
7250:
7220:
7195:
6792:
6737:
6448:
6133:
6108:
5996:
5828:
5733:
5543:
5513:
5396:
5330:
5150:
4989:
4943:
4933:
4784:
4735:
4715:
4654:
4624:
4485:
4427:
4168:
3908:
3835:
2085:
2028:
1994:
1937:
1805:
1205:
1195:
929:
925:
924:
Tripartite unity talks between Iraqi Prime Minister al-Bakr (left), Egyptian President
904:
865:
861:
796:
784:
756:
752:
736:
689:
685:
212:
7464:
1824:, the deputy head of the military intelligence and Ibrahim Daud, the commander of the
891:. At the very beginning, Saddam was only a Ba'ath Party member, not a party activist.
7808:
7499:
7434:
7349:
7329:
6623:
6158:
6123:
6063:
5893:
5708:
5673:
5603:
5598:
5578:
5533:
5376:
5160:
4994:
4562:
4534:
4500:
4470:
4382:
4377:
4289:
4047:
4018:
3977:
3915:
3795:
3752:
3714:
3676:
3635:
3602:
3559:
3519:
3481:
3441:
3398:
3358:
3325:
3287:
3242:
3204:
3166:
3128:
3090:
3052:
3014:
2976:
2938:
2905:
2876:
2847:
2818:
2778:
2738:
2700:
2662:
2624:
2586:
2548:
2515:
2475:
2442:
2409:
2371:
2333:
2292:
2259:
2227:
2151:
1907:
1865:
1853:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1767:
1608:
1210:
1190:
888:
800:
705:
637:
506:
117:
68:
3748:
3738:
3710:
3700:
3672:
3662:
3515:
3505:
3321:
3311:
1989:
After the nationalisation of the IPC, Iraq's oil revenue increased from 219 million
1910:, according to Con Coughlin, with government ownership of natural resources and the
7742:
7449:
7414:
7384:
7379:
7354:
7163:
7049:
6911:
6901:
6661:
6138:
5888:
5883:
5773:
5753:
5738:
5548:
5518:
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5401:
5320:
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4750:
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4357:
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3624:
The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010
3511:
3347:
The Economy of Iraq: Oil, Wars, Destruction of development and Prospects, 1950–2010
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3234:
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3196:
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3076:
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2962:
2734:
2730:
2724:
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2325:
2319:
1840:, which had been established the morning after the coup and had become the highest
1808:, brought al-Bakr and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in Iraq. Saddam and
1714:
1671:
1275:
937:
920:
799:. Land reforms were introduced, and wealth was distributed more equally. A sort of
725:
572:
286:
200:
708:, from 17 July 1968 to 16 July 1979. He was a leading member of the revolutionary
7793:
7762:
7757:
7602:
7542:
7489:
7419:
7399:
7374:
7364:
7265:
7143:
6999:
6536:
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5863:
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5843:
5808:
5728:
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5573:
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4372:
4362:
4347:
4324:
4294:
4212:
2182:
2049:
1946:
1916:
1760:
and by appointing family members to top offices, al-Bakr was ensuing a policy of
1707:
1135:
1105:
1100:
1038:
857:
841:
524:
7923:
Members of the Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
3780:
3587:
3544:
3466:
3426:
3383:
3272:
2803:
2763:
2500:
704:(1 July 1914 – 4 October 1982) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fourth
7798:
7637:
7532:
7527:
7494:
7484:
7474:
7444:
7369:
7359:
7240:
7168:
7063:
6993:
6916:
6546:
6178:
6113:
6058:
6006:
5971:
5913:
5908:
5723:
5713:
5638:
5588:
5456:
5391:
5381:
5335:
5255:
5218:
5198:
5155:
5123:
5041:
5036:
4968:
4876:
4669:
4664:
4649:
4639:
4577:
4557:
4256:
4153:
4065:
3879:
2045:
1983:
1676:
1170:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1085:
1018:
780:
729:
486:
431:
396:
384:
339:
315:
179:
129:
105:
25:
7958:
Members of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
7886:
7803:
7429:
7409:
7344:
7296:
7210:
6936:
6931:
6551:
6103:
6098:
5991:
5923:
5903:
5823:
5778:
5768:
5668:
5583:
5446:
5431:
5325:
4629:
2398:
Politics of the Dispossessed: Superpowers and Developments in the Middle East
2019:, one of the Ba'ath Party's main goals was the elimination of both the Iraqi
1933:
671:
3946:
1884:. Al-Bakr's policy can be divided into two parts: the first being a largely
7838:
7479:
7339:
7334:
7190:
7116:
7068:
6921:
6906:
6394:
6337:
5748:
5451:
5371:
5293:
5250:
5118:
5102:
5097:
4907:
4367:
4337:
4299:
4163:
3734:
3696:
3658:
3501:
3307:
3224:
3186:
3148:
3110:
3072:
3034:
2996:
2958:
2720:
2682:
2644:
2606:
2568:
2353:
2315:
2147:
2127:
2101:
2093:
2072:
activity illegal and membership of any other political party punishable by
2024:
2012:
1974:
1970:
1849:
1790:
1778:
1487:
1090:
991:
964:
957:
873:
869:
817:
764:
721:
372:
2190:
894:
Because of Qasim's government's repressive policy towards the opposition,
771:
coalition government. The government lasted for less than a year, and was
7454:
7311:
7158:
7153:
7099:
7078:
6951:
6926:
6556:
6173:
5918:
5838:
5813:
5798:
5793:
5758:
5683:
5441:
5421:
5298:
5272:
4710:
4634:
4505:
4480:
4112:
3852:
2020:
1990:
1845:
1686:
1115:
949:
667:
224:
1836:
respectively, while al-Bakr was appointed president and chairman of the
7389:
7306:
7301:
7230:
6946:
6153:
5553:
4495:
4392:
4158:
4107:
648:
46:
2076:
for all those who were members or former members of the Armed Forces.
872:
and was a key player in improving Iraq's bilateral relations with the
7073:
6941:
5011:
2467:
2434:
2069:
1893:
1881:
1691:
1681:
953:
849:
768:
744:
1856:, as Minister of Defence in the aftermath of the "corrective coup".
974:
7813:
7522:
7018:
6697:
3627:
3350:
2284:
2251:
2112:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1761:
1225:
1215:
748:
2007:
1961:
The government, which was still embroiled in a conflict with the
1757:
829:
502:
4756:
4184:
2134:
in an attempt to weaken al-Bakr. When Iran and Iraq signed the
1966:
899:
813:
759:(8 February); al-Bakr was appointed prime minister, and later,
482:
3816:"Former Iraqi president Ahmed Hassan Al-Bakr, who died Monday"
787:. In the coup's aftermath, he was elected the chairman of the
7617:
2073:
2068:
In July 1978 a decree was passed which made all non-Ba'thist
2060:
in an effort to broaden the support base for his government.
1888:
economic policy, and the second, an economic policy based on
877:
4697:
4135:
2120:
2053:
2898:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000
2840:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000
2461:
2428:
2100:
Bakr's government also strengthened Iraq's ties with the
4814:
832:. During his early military career, he took part in the
852:. Around this time al-Bakr got into contact with the
2084:
His government initially supported closer ties with
1848:
of government. While an-Naif and Daud, according to
1820:were already Ba'ath Party members, others, such as
7918:
Members of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party
2537:
From Storm to Freedom: America's Long War with Iraq
2006:Immediately after taking power, Al-Bakr introduced
944:, al-Sadi was chosen as deputy prime minister, and
7628:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
6542:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
4242:
1793:, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party split in two; a
720:(the Ba'ath Party's Iraqi branch), which espoused
2895:
2837:
2395:
975:Underground and the 17 July Revolution: 1964–1968
7884:
5027:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
3621:
3344:
2866:
2154:. He was buried in Baghdad's Al Karkh cemetery.
2278:
2245:
4954:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
3774:
3581:
3538:
3460:
3420:
3377:
3266:
2797:
2757:
2494:
880:by officers who favoured closer ties with the
7658:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
7105:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
7034:
6718:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
4800:
4228:
3976:
3962:
3733:
3695:
3657:
3500:
3306:
3223:
3185:
3147:
3109:
3071:
3033:
2995:
2957:
2719:
2681:
2643:
2605:
2567:
2534:
2352:
2314:
1736:
6505:
2088:, and under his rule Iraq almost joined the
2869:Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region
1804:The coup of 1968, later referred to as the
1781:, the founder of ba'athist thought, in 1968
915:
735:Al-Bakr first rose to prominence after the
244:11 November 1974 – 15 October 1977
192:8 February 1963 – 18 November 1963
7041:
7027:
4807:
4793:
4235:
4221:
3969:
3955:
2464:Iraq's Armed Forces: an Analytical History
2431:Iraq's Armed Forces: an Analytical History
1743:
1729:
820:. He belonged to the Abu Bakr clan of the
45:
6599:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
3262:
3260:
3258:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2225:
2130:to finance and arm Kurdish rebels in the
1599:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
409:11 November 1963 – February 1964
7738:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
7668:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
7633:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
6562:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
3770:
3768:
3416:
3414:
1859:
1795:Damascus-based (Syrian-led) Ba'ath Party
1772:
919:
807:
456:11 November 1963 – 16 July 1979
7613:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
7598:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
6703:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
6682:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
6532:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
3653:
3651:
3577:
3575:
2310:
2308:
2056:. Around this same time he founded the
910:
7885:
7608:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
6614:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
3255:
2924:
2384:
1926:
1799:Baghdad-based (Iraqi-led) Ba'ath Party
1632:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
628:
7022:
6883:
6504:
6211:
5072:
4854:
4788:
4216:
3950:
3765:
3615:
3411:
2000:
7048:
6733:Palestinian National Salvation Front
3648:
3572:
3494:
2462:al-Marashi, Ibrahim; Salama (2008).
2429:al-Marashi, Ibrahim; Salama (2008).
2305:
907:, and overthrew Qasim's government.
854:Free Officers and Civilians Movement
364:October 1966 – 16 July 1979
307:17 July 1968 – 16 July 1979
149:31 July 1968 – 16 July 1979
81:17 July 1968 – 16 July 1979
7928:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire
7648:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
6803:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
6768:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
2186:
16:President of Iraq from 1968 to 1979
13:
7588:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
7110:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
6853:General Federation of Trade Unions
6713:Lebanese National Resistance Front
6426:National Progressive Front (Syria)
4441:
4308:
2229:النجوم الزواهر في شجرة الأمير ناصر
2034:
1875:
1777:al-Bakr (left) shaking hands with
1171:The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue
14:
7974:
7653:Palestine Liberation Organization
6884:
6677:Palestine Liberation Organization
6421:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
6074:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
5504:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
2079:
2052:, received arms and support from
7867:
7866:
7593:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
7276:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
6582:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
6212:
5486:Members of the Regional Commands
4755:
4749:
4683:
4592:
4586:
4520:
4514:
4183:
4177:
4121:
4080:
4074:
4033:
4027:
1900:. By the late-1970s, Saddam had
1619:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
998:
812:Al-Bakr was born 1 July 1914 in
666:
630:
611:
7236:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
6830:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
4964:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
4095:Coalition Provisional Authority
3808:
3727:
3689:
3532:
3454:
3371:
3338:
3300:
3217:
3179:
3141:
3103:
3065:
3027:
2989:
2951:
2918:
2889:
2860:
2831:
2791:
2751:
2713:
2675:
2637:
2599:
2561:
2528:
2488:
2455:
2215:Profile of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1956:
969:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
7913:Leaders who took power by coup
7678:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
7440:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
6652:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
5073:
2422:
2346:
2272:
2219:
2208:
2176:
928:(center) and Syrian President
848:. In 1957, he was promoted to
716:and its regional organisation
1:
6863:General Union of Syrian Women
6773:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
6728:Palestinian National Alliance
5000:Revolutionary Command Council
4892:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
3937:Revolutionary Command Council
2541:United States Naval Institute
2202:
2138:in 1975, the support ceased.
2097:terminated when Nasser died.
2063:
1921:Revolutionary Command Council
1838:Revolutionary Command Council
1242:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
836:'s failed revolt against the
789:Revolutionary Command Council
295:Revolutionary Command Council
52:
7623:Federation of Arab Republics
7583:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
7573:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
7174:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7122:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
6672:National Democratic Alliance
6657:Forces of Freedom and Change
5654:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
5614:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
5564:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
2039:
1870:
1266:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
956:, and the moderates, led by
7:
7748:Flag of the Arab Federation
7578:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
7568:Arab Socialist Action Party
6798:Social Democratic Unionists
6763:Arab Democratic Union Party
6459:National Defense Battalions
4855:
4817:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
2191:
2157:
2117:Central Intelligence Agency
1271:Assadist-Saddamist conflict
856:. He helped bring down the
842:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
710:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
346:Regional Secretary of the
10:
7979:
7719:On the Way of Resurrection
7712:The Battle for One Destiny
7643:Lebanese National Movement
7084:Third International Theory
6976:On the Way of Resurrection
6969:The Battle for One Destiny
6758:Arab Socialist Union Party
6708:Lebanese National Movement
5938:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
5649:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
3788:Cambridge University Press
3595:Cambridge University Press
3552:Cambridge University Press
3474:Cambridge University Press
3434:Cambridge University Press
3391:Cambridge University Press
3280:Cambridge University Press
2896:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006).
2838:Moubayed, Sami M. (2006).
2811:Cambridge University Press
2771:Cambridge University Press
2508:Cambridge University Press
2402:Greenwood Publishing Group
2396:Emadi, Hafizullah (2001).
2164:List of presidents of Iraq
2058:National Progressive Front
1863:
1789:against the leadership of
1165:The Battle for One Destiny
1160:On the Way of Resurrection
718:Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
714:Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party
7862:
7771:
7728:
7696:
7673:Unified Political Command
7563:Arab Nationalist Movement
7508:
7460:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
7320:
7289:
7256:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
7127:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
7092:
7056:
6985:
6960:
6894:
6890:
6879:
6858:General Union of Peasants
6845:
6750:
6690:
6667:National Consensus Forces
6644:
6637:
6570:
6519:
6515:
6500:
6480:Revolutionary Youth Union
6472:
6441:
6434:
6413:
6387:
6315:
6237:
6226:
6222:
6207:
6192:
6082:
6042:
6035:
5980:
5955:
5948:
5932:
5697:
5492:
5485:
5354:
5308:
5286:
5265:
5238:
5191:
5184:
5143:
5111:
5090:
5083:
5079:
5068:
4982:
4921:
4900:
4869:
4865:
4850:
4824:
4768:
4747:
4706:
4696:
4681:
4615:
4605:
4584:
4543:
4533:
4512:
4466:
4456:
4439:
4333:
4323:
4306:
4265:
4255:
4196:
4175:
4144:
4134:
4119:
4103:
4093:
4072:
4056:
4046:
4025:
3999:
3989:
3932:
3924:
3913:
3905:
3894:
3886:
3876:
3867:
3859:
3849:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3740:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3702:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3664:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3622:Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994).
3507:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3345:Alnasrawi, Abbas (1994).
3313:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3230:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3192:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3154:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3116:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3078:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3040:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3002:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2964:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2867:Kostiner, Joseph (1998).
2726:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2688:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2650:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2612:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2574:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2359:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2321:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
2232:(in Arabic). دار الحرية،.
2226:Al-Rajibi, Ahmad (1980).
2017:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
1643:
1630:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1559:
1538:
1517:
1496:
1475:
1454:
1438:
1417:
1401:
1380:
1359:
1338:
1317:
1296:
1201:November 1963 coup d'état
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
936:In the coup's aftermath,
695:
677:
662:
654:
644:
624:
619:
607:
588:
548:
540:
520:
512:
492:
469:
464:
460:
449:
437:
425:
413:
402:
390:
378:
368:
357:
345:
333:
321:
311:
300:
292:
280:
258:
248:
237:
230:
218:
206:
196:
185:
173:
161:
153:
142:
135:
123:
111:
99:
85:
74:
66:
62:
44:
35:
23:
7181:1952 Egyptian revolution
6808:Socialist Unionist Party
6778:Libyan National Movement
6604:Arabic Toilers' Movement
6508:Associated organizations
6368:National Security Bureau
6316:Syrian-dominated faction
5744:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
5679:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
5529:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
5229:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
5144:Syrian-dominated faction
4840:Syrian-dominated faction
2279:Tucker, Spencer (2010).
2246:Tucker, Spencer (2010).
2169:
2141:
2132:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
1059:Baath Party (pro-Syrian)
916:Prime Ministership: 1963
36:
7953:Vice presidents of Iraq
7943:Prime ministers of Iraq
7903:Iraqi Arab nationalists
7834:Palestinian nationalism
7753:Flag of the Arab Revolt
7246:1966 Syrian coup d'état
7226:1963 Syrian coup d'état
7206:1961 Syrian coup d'état
6783:National Covenant Party
6587:Arab Socialist Movement
6238:Iraqi-dominated faction
6164:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
5854:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
5539:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
5509:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
5112:Iraqi-dominated faction
5032:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
5022:Union of Arab Republics
4974:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4949:1963 Syrian coup d'état
4929:1954 Syrian coup d'état
4887:Arab Socialist Movement
4831:Iraqi-dominated faction
4607:Iraqi Governing Council
4244:Prime ministers of Iraq
2927:Middle East Record 1968
2107:According to historian
1963:Iraqi Petroleum Company
1787:1966 Syrian coup d'état
1261:Intervention in Lebanon
1049:Baath Party (pro-Iraqi)
773:ousted in November 1963
369:National Secretary
275:(acting from July 1973)
7261:1969 Libyan revolution
7139:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
6813:Syrian Communist Party
6619:Palestinian Arab Front
6149:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
6129:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
6119:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
6069:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
5874:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
5849:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
5784:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
5689:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
5624:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
5569:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
5524:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
5224:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
5129:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
4446:
4313:
3897:Prime Minister of Iraq
3870:Vice President of Iraq
3843:Prime Minister of Iraq
2900:. Cune Press. p.
2842:. Cune Press. p.
2535:Ballard, John (2010).
1782:
1289:Regional organisations
1141:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
933:
932:(right), 16 April 1963
761:Vice President of Iraq
755:was overthrown in the
741:overthrew the monarchy
137:Prime Minister of Iraq
7819:Jordanian nationalism
7553:Arab Islamic Republic
7548:Arab Higher Committee
7425:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
7405:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
7216:North Yemen civil war
7149:Arab–Israeli conflict
6629:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
6144:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
6094:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
5869:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
5664:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
5417:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
5278:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
4913:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
4445:
4312:
3890:Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif
2871:. VS Verlag. p.
2124:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1984:1973 Arab–Israeli War
1864:Further information:
1860:Presidency: 1968–1979
1822:Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif
1776:
1645:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
1256:Corrective Revolution
1096:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
923:
834:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
808:Early life and career
655:Years of service
525:Arab Socialist Ba'ath
444:Iraqi Regional Branch
352:Iraqi Regional Branch
168:Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif
92:Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif
7854:Tunisian nationalism
7824:Lebanese nationalism
7784:Egyptian nationalism
7779:Algerian nationalism
7683:United Arab Republic
7558:Arab Liberation Army
7538:Arab Ba'ath Movement
7395:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
6723:National Union Front
6054:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
6012:Abdul Halim Khaddam
5967:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
5819:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
5764:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
5634:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
5559:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
5412:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
5214:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
5185:Regional Secretaries
4882:Arab Ba'ath Movement
2192:'Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr
2090:United Arab Republic
1947:time of the monarchy
1828:, were not members.
1126:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1029:Arab Ba'ath Movement
946:Minister of Interior
911:On the road to power
882:United Arab Republic
864:to power during the
702:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
552:Abdul Karim al-Nada
530:Baghdad-based Ba'ath
293:1st Chairman of the
272:Abdullah al-Khadduri
30:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
7908:Iraqi Sunni Muslims
7844:Sahrawi nationalism
7201:1959 Mosul uprising
7134:Great Syrian Revolt
6846:Other organizations
6788:Popular Unity Party
6638:Political alliances
6169:Wael Nader al-Halqi
6036:Heads of government
5879:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
5834:Abdul Halim Khaddam
5804:Mohammad al-Hussein
5789:Wael Nader al-Halqi
5629:Taha Yassin Ramadan
5619:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
5609:Ali Hassan al-Majid
5594:Latif Nassif Jassim
5084:General Secretaries
5017:Corrective Movement
4939:1959 Mosul uprising
4403:Muzahim al-Pachachi
2931:John Wiley and Sons
2109:Charles R. H. Tripp
1927:Agricultural policy
1912:means of production
1834:Minister of Defence
804:unreported causes.
232:Minister of Defence
51:Official portrait,
7938:Presidents of Iraq
7933:People from Tikrit
7849:Syrian nationalism
7829:Libyan nationalism
7789:Greater Mauritania
7705:The Arab Awakening
7688:United Arab States
7663:Rejectionist Front
7470:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7281:Yemeni unification
7271:Lebanese Civil War
7251:17 July Revolution
7221:Ramadan Revolution
7196:14 July Revolution
6738:Rejectionist Front
6134:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
6109:Nureddin al-Atassi
5997:Nureddin al-Atassi
5829:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
5734:Nureddin al-Atassi
5644:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
5544:Salih Mahdi Ammash
5514:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
5467:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
5397:Nureddin al-Atassi
5331:Nureddin al-Atassi
5209:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
5161:Abdullah al-Ahmar
5151:Nureddin al-Atassi
5047:De-Ba'athification
4990:17 July Revolution
4944:Ramadan Revolution
4934:14 July Revolution
4447:
4314:
3978:Presidents of Iraq
3909:Abd ar-Rahman Arif
3836:Abd al-Karim Qasim
3828:Political offices
2029:standard of living
2001:Standard of living
1995:Iranian revolution
1846:legislative branch
1806:17 July Revolution
1783:
1603:1960–1962/63
1231:De-Ba'athification
1206:17 July Revolution
1196:Ramadan Revolution
954:socialist policies
934:
926:Gamal Abdel Nasser
905:Ramadan Revolution
896:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
866:14 July Revolution
862:Abd al-Karim Qasim
858:Hashemite Monarchy
797:standard of living
785:17 July Revolution
757:Ramadan Revolution
753:Abd al-Karim Qasim
737:14 July Revolution
690:17 July Revolution
686:Ramadan Revolution
420:Hamdi Abd al-Majid
213:Abd al-Karim Qasim
7963:Muslim socialists
7880:
7879:
7809:Iraqi nationalism
7500:Constantin Zureiq
7350:Abdul Rahman Arif
7330:Butrus al-Bustani
7016:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7007:
6875:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6751:Political parties
6746:
6745:
6624:Socialist Lebanon
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6383:
6382:
6229:Regional branches
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6188:
6187:
6159:Riyad Farid Hijab
6124:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
6031:
6030:
6017:
5944:
5943:
5894:Hikmat al-Shihabi
5709:Abdullah al-Ahmar
5674:Hardan al-Tikriti
5604:Adnan Khayr Allah
5599:Rashid Taan Kazim
5534:Salah Omar al-Ali
5377:Abdullah al-Ahmar
5350:
5349:
5180:
5179:
5166:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
4782:
4781:
4764:
4763:
4692:
4691:
4601:
4600:
4529:
4528:
4452:
4451:
4319:
4318:
4210:
4209:
4192:
4191:
4130:
4129:
4089:
4088:
4042:
4041:
4019:Abdul Rahman Arif
3945:
3944:
3916:President of Iraq
3877:Succeeded by
3850:Succeeded by
3801:978-0-521-87823-4
3782:A History of Iraq
3608:978-0-521-87823-4
3589:A History of Iraq
3565:978-0-521-87823-4
3546:A History of Iraq
3487:978-0-521-87823-4
3468:A History of Iraq
3447:978-0-521-87823-4
3428:A History of Iraq
3404:978-0-521-87823-4
3385:A History of Iraq
3293:978-0-521-87823-4
3274:A History of Iraq
2824:978-0-521-87823-4
2805:A History of Iraq
2784:978-0-521-87823-4
2765:A History of Iraq
2554:978-1-59114-018-4
2521:978-0-521-87823-4
2502:A History of Iraq
2481:978-0-415-40078-7
2448:978-0-415-40078-7
2298:978-1-85109-947-4
2265:978-1-85109-947-4
2152:Hussein of Jordan
2136:Algiers Agreement
1917:economic planning
1908:socialist economy
1854:Hardan al-Tikriti
1818:Hardan al-Tikriti
1814:Abdul Rahman Arif
1810:Salah Omar al-Ali
1768:Ali Salih al-Sadi
1753:
1752:
1656:
1655:
1609:Socialist Lebanon
1580:
1579:
1251:1966 coup d'états
1070:
1069:
889:Khairallah Talfah
801:socialist economy
751:. Prime Minister
706:president of Iraq
699:
698:
597:
584:
580:Lo'uay Khairallah
577:
570:
565:
560:
556:
276:
269:
118:Abdul Rahman Arif
69:President of Iraq
7970:
7870:
7869:
7743:Eagle of Saladin
7450:Amin al-Husseini
7415:Faisal I of Iraq
7385:Sultan al-Atrash
7380:Mansur al-Atrash
7355:Abdul Salam Arif
7164:War of Attrition
7050:Arab nationalism
7043:
7036:
7029:
7020:
7019:
6912:Arab nationalism
6902:Anti-imperialism
6892:
6891:
6881:
6880:
6662:March 8 Alliance
6642:
6641:
6574:
6573:Breakaway groups
6517:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6501:
6439:
6438:
6265:Regional Command
6235:
6234:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6208:
6139:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
6086:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6013:
5984:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5889:Farouk al-Sharaa
5884:Hammouda Sabbagh
5774:Ibrahim al-Hadid
5754:Mahdi Dakhlallah
5739:Shibli al-Aysami
5701:
5549:Hussein Al-Awadi
5519:Saad Abdul-Majid
5496:
5490:
5489:
5437:Akram al-Hawrani
5407:Shibli al-Aysami
5402:Mansur al-Atrash
5364:
5363:National Command
5358:
5321:Shibli al-Aysami
5189:
5188:
5162:
5134:Salah Al-Mukhtar
5088:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5069:
5052:Syrian civil war
4959:Ar-Rashid revolt
4867:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4851:
4841:
4832:
4818:
4809:
4802:
4795:
4786:
4785:
4759:
4753:
4704:
4703:
4698:Republic of Iraq
4687:
4613:
4612:
4596:
4590:
4541:
4540:
4524:
4518:
4464:
4463:
4408:Mustafa al-Umari
4331:
4330:
4263:
4262:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4187:
4181:
4142:
4141:
4136:Republic of Iraq
4125:
4101:
4100:
4084:
4078:
4054:
4053:
4037:
4031:
4009:Abdul Salam Arif
3997:
3996:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3948:
3947:
3925:Preceded by
3906:Preceded by
3887:Preceded by
3860:Preceded by
3833:Preceded by
3825:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3785:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3745:Harper Perennial
3731:
3725:
3724:
3707:Harper Perennial
3693:
3687:
3686:
3669:Harper Perennial
3655:
3646:
3645:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3592:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3549:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3512:Harper Perennial
3498:
3492:
3491:
3471:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3431:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3388:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3318:Harper Perennial
3304:
3298:
3297:
3277:
3264:
3253:
3252:
3235:Harper Perennial
3221:
3215:
3214:
3197:Harper Perennial
3183:
3177:
3176:
3159:Harper Perennial
3145:
3139:
3138:
3121:Harper Perennial
3107:
3101:
3100:
3083:Harper Perennial
3069:
3063:
3062:
3045:Harper Perennial
3031:
3025:
3024:
3007:Harper Perennial
2993:
2987:
2986:
2969:Harper Perennial
2955:
2949:
2948:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2808:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2768:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2731:Harper Perennial
2717:
2711:
2710:
2693:Harper Perennial
2679:
2673:
2672:
2655:Harper Perennial
2641:
2635:
2634:
2617:Harper Perennial
2603:
2597:
2596:
2579:Harper Perennial
2565:
2559:
2558:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2505:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2393:
2382:
2381:
2364:Harper Perennial
2350:
2344:
2343:
2326:Harper Perennial
2312:
2303:
2302:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2217:
2212:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2180:
2015:, the author of
1938:collective farms
1826:Republican Guard
1745:
1738:
1731:
1717:
1715:Socialism portal
1710:
1672:Arab nationalism
1652:
1639:
1626:
1595:
1594:
1294:
1293:
1276:Syrian civil war
1066:
1015:
1014:
1002:
979:
978:
938:Abdul Salam Arif
726:Arab nationalism
670:
640:
636:
634:
633:
620:Military service
615:
595:
582:
575:
573:Adnan Khairallah
569:(brother-in-law)
568:
564:(brother-in-law)
563:
559:(brother-in-law)
558:
554:(brother-in-law)
553:
499:
479:
477:
465:Personal details
454:
440:Regional Command
428:
416:
407:
393:
381:
362:
348:Regional Command
336:
328:Post established
324:
305:
287:Adnan Khairallah
283:
274:
268:(died in office)
267:
261:
251:
242:
221:
209:
201:Abdul Salam Arif
190:
176:
164:
147:
126:
114:
102:
88:
79:
57:
54:
49:
39:
21:
20:
7978:
7977:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7876:
7858:
7794:Greater Morocco
7767:
7763:Pan-Arab colors
7758:Hawk of Quraish
7724:
7692:
7543:Arab Federation
7504:
7490:Abdullah Rimawi
7465:Mostéfa Merarda
7420:Muammar Gaddafi
7400:Ahmed Ben Bella
7375:Jamal al-Atassi
7365:Bashar al-Assad
7316:
7285:
7266:Black September
7144:Anglo-Iraqi War
7088:
7052:
7047:
7017:
7004:
7000:Pan-Arab colors
6994:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
6981:
6956:
6886:
6867:
6841:
6742:
6686:
6633:
6592:Damascus branch
6572:
6566:
6537:Free Iraqi Army
6527:Al-Abud Network
6511:
6507:
6484:
6468:
6454:Fedayeen Saddam
6449:Ba'ath Brigades
6430:
6409:
6400:Sawt al-Jamahir
6379:
6358:Central Command
6311:
6228:
6218:
6214:
6195:
6184:
6084:
6078:
6044:
6027:
6022:Bashar al-Assad
6002:Ahmad al-Khatib
5982:
5976:
5957:
5940:
5928:
5899:Hammud al-Shufi
5864:Zuhair Masharqa
5859:Ibrahim Makhous
5844:Ahmad al-Khatib
5809:Hisham Ikhtiyar
5729:Rifaat al-Assad
5719:Bashar al-Assad
5699:
5693:
5659:Talib El-Shibib
5574:Saadoun Ghaidan
5494:
5481:
5477:Khaled Yashruti
5472:Talib El-Shibib
5462:Abdullah Rimawi
5427:Wahib al-Ghanim
5387:Bashar al-Assad
5362:
5356:
5346:
5341:Bashar al-Assad
5316:Hammud al-Shufi
5304:
5282:
5261:
5246:Abdullah Rimawi
5234:
5204:Talib El-Shibib
5176:
5171:Bashar al-Assad
5139:
5107:
5075:
5056:
4978:
4917:
4896:
4861:
4857:
4846:
4839:
4830:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4783:
4778:
4760:
4745:
4688:
4679:
4597:
4582:
4525:
4510:
4448:
4437:
4423:Arshad al-Umari
4388:Arshad al-Umari
4325:Kingdom of Iraq
4315:
4304:
4251:
4241:
4211:
4206:
4188:
4173:
4126:
4117:
4085:
4070:
4038:
4023:
3985:
3975:
3940:
3935:
3934:Chairman of the
3930:
3919:
3911:
3900:
3892:
3882:
3873:
3865:
3855:
3846:
3838:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3265:
3256:
3249:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3032:
3028:
3021:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2925:Dishon (1973).
2923:
2919:
2912:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2283:. Vol. 1.
2277:
2273:
2266:
2250:. Vol. 1.
2244:
2237:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2160:
2144:
2082:
2066:
2050:Mustafa Barzani
2042:
2037:
2035:Domestic policy
2003:
1959:
1929:
1878:
1876:Economic system
1873:
1868:
1862:
1749:
1720:
1713:
1708:Politics portal
1706:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1637:
1624:
1613:1965–1970
1592:
1590:Splinter groups
1582:
1581:
1576:
1555:
1534:
1513:
1492:
1471:
1450:
1434:
1413:
1397:
1376:
1355:
1334:
1313:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1240:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1136:Bashar al-Assad
1106:Wahib al-Ghanim
1101:Abdullah Rimawi
1080:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1053:1968–2003
1043:1947–1966
1033:1940–1947
1023:1940–1947
1012:
977:
930:Lu'ay al-Atassi
918:
913:
838:British in 1941
810:
688:
684:
682:Anglo–Iraqi War
631:
629:
602:
598:
593:
578:
571:
567:Hassan al-Nada
566:
561:
557:Mahmud al-Nada
555:
528:
521:Political party
501:
497:
481:
475:
473:
455:
450:
426:
414:
408:
403:
391:
379:
363:
358:
334:
322:
306:
301:
281:
270:
259:
249:
243:
238:
219:
207:
191:
186:
174:
162:
148:
143:
124:
112:
100:
94:
86:
80:
75:
58:
55:
40:
37:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7976:
7966:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7775:
7773:
7772:Related topics
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7734:
7732:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7715:
7708:
7700:
7698:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7638:Islamic Legion
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7528:Al-Mourabitoun
7525:
7520:
7514:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7495:Hamdeen Sabahi
7492:
7487:
7485:Fuad al-Rikabi
7482:
7477:
7475:Adnan Pachachi
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7445:Saddam Hussein
7442:
7437:
7435:Sati' al-Husri
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7370:Hafez al-Assad
7367:
7362:
7360:Zaki al-Arsuzi
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7326:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7241:Aden Emergency
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7186:Iraqi Intifada
7183:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7171:
7169:Yom Kippur War
7166:
7161:
7156:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7119:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7102:
7096:
7094:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7064:Arab socialism
7060:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7046:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7023:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6972:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6917:Arab socialism
6914:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6888:
6887:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6646:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6584:
6578:
6576:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6547:Jeish Muhammad
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6523:
6521:
6513:
6512:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6417:
6415:
6414:Popular fronts
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6232:
6220:
6219:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6179:Hussein Arnous
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6114:Hafez al-Assad
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6064:Sa'dun Hammadi
6061:
6059:Saddam Hussein
6056:
6050:
6048:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6019:
6009:
6007:Hafez al-Assad
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5972:Saddam Hussein
5969:
5963:
5961:
5950:
5949:Heads of state
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5914:Muhammad Umran
5911:
5909:Hasan Turkmani
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:Hafez al-Assad
5721:
5716:
5714:Hussein Arnous
5711:
5705:
5703:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Fuad al-Rikabi
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5589:Saddam Hussein
5586:
5581:
5579:Sa'dun Hammadi
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5457:Fuad al-Rikabi
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5392:Hafez al-Assad
5389:
5384:
5382:Zaki al-Arsuzi
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5338:
5336:Hafez al-Assad
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5256:Akram al-Homsi
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5226:
5221:
5219:Saddam Hussein
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5199:Fuad al-Rikabi
5195:
5193:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5168:
5158:
5156:Hafez al-Assad
5153:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5126:
5124:Saddam Hussein
5121:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5085:
5077:
5076:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5042:Iraqi conflict
5039:
5037:Faith Campaign
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5007:
4997:
4995:Ba'athist Iraq
4992:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4969:1964 Hama riot
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4871:
4863:
4862:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4835:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4789:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4535:Ba'athist Iraq
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4458:Iraqi Republic
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4257:Mandatory Iraq
4253:
4252:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4217:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4048:Ba'athist Iraq
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3991:Iraqi Republic
3987:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3942:
3931:
3928:Office created
3926:
3922:
3921:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3880:Saddam Hussein
3878:
3875:
3866:
3863:Office created
3861:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3821:
3807:
3800:
3776:Tripp, Charles
3764:
3757:
3726:
3719:
3688:
3681:
3647:
3640:
3614:
3607:
3583:Tripp, Charles
3571:
3564:
3540:Tripp, Charles
3531:
3524:
3493:
3486:
3462:Tripp, Charles
3453:
3446:
3422:Tripp, Charles
3410:
3403:
3379:Tripp, Charles
3370:
3363:
3337:
3330:
3299:
3292:
3268:Tripp, Charles
3254:
3247:
3216:
3209:
3178:
3171:
3140:
3133:
3102:
3095:
3064:
3057:
3026:
3019:
2988:
2981:
2950:
2943:
2917:
2910:
2888:
2881:
2859:
2852:
2830:
2823:
2799:Tripp, Charles
2790:
2783:
2759:Tripp, Charles
2750:
2743:
2712:
2705:
2674:
2667:
2636:
2629:
2598:
2591:
2560:
2553:
2527:
2520:
2496:Tripp, Charles
2487:
2480:
2454:
2447:
2421:
2414:
2383:
2376:
2345:
2338:
2304:
2297:
2271:
2264:
2235:
2218:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2187:أحمد حسن البكر
2174:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2143:
2140:
2119:colluded with
2081:
2080:Foreign policy
2078:
2065:
2062:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2025:middle classes
2002:
1999:
1958:
1955:
1928:
1925:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1866:Ba'athist Iraq
1861:
1858:
1785:Following the
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:Arab socialism
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:Related topics
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1244:
1237:Baathist Syria
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1191:Ba'athist Iraq
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:Saddam Hussein
1128:
1123:
1121:Hafez al-Assad
1118:
1113:
1111:Fuad al-Rikabi
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
995:
994:
988:
987:
976:
973:
942:vice president
917:
914:
912:
909:
824:branch of the
809:
806:
781:Saddam Hussein
730:Arab socialism
712:and later the
697:
696:
693:
692:
679:
675:
674:
664:
660:
659:
656:
652:
651:
646:
645:Branch/service
642:
641:
626:
622:
621:
617:
616:
609:
605:
604:
596:(died in 1978)
590:
586:
585:
550:
546:
545:
544:Ghaida al-Nada
542:
538:
537:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
507:Iraqi Republic
500:(aged 68)
496:4 October 1982
494:
490:
489:
487:Ottoman Empire
471:
467:
466:
462:
461:
458:
457:
447:
446:
438:Member of the
435:
434:
432:Saddam Hussein
429:
423:
422:
417:
411:
410:
400:
399:
397:Saddam Hussein
394:
388:
387:
385:Saddam Hussein
382:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
355:
354:
343:
342:
340:Saddam Hussein
337:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
316:Saddam Hussein
313:
309:
308:
298:
297:
290:
289:
284:
278:
277:
262:
256:
255:
252:
250:Prime Minister
246:
245:
235:
234:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
210:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
183:
182:
180:Saddam Hussein
177:
171:
170:
165:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
140:
139:
133:
132:
130:Saddam Hussein
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
106:Saddam Hussein
103:
101:Vice President
97:
96:
89:
87:Prime Minister
83:
82:
72:
71:
64:
63:
60:
59:
50:
42:
41:
38:أحمد حسن البكر
33:
32:
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7975:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7948:Tulfah family
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7873:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7804:Greater Yemen
7802:
7800:
7799:Greater Syria
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7770:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7510:Organizations
7507:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7430:George Habash
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7410:Izzat Darwaza
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7345:Yasser Arafat
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7323:
7322:Personalities
7319:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7297:Arab identity
7295:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7211:Arab Cold War
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7044:
7039:
7037:
7032:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6937:Republicanism
6935:
6933:
6932:Progressivism
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:Miscellaneous
6882:
6878:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6689:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6569:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:Rejectionists
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6503:
6499:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6210:
6206:
6194:* = incumbent
6191:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6104:Yusuf Zuayyin
6102:
6100:
6099:Amin al-Hafiz
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5992:Amin al-Hafiz
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5924:Yusuf Zuayyin
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:Mustafa Tlass
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5824:Sami al-Jundi
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5779:Amin al-Hafiz
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5769:Marwan Habash
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5669:Khamis Sirhan
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Qusay Hussein
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5447:Zuheir Mohsen
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5432:Amin al-Hafiz
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:Amin al-Hafiz
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5067:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4810:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4758:
4752:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4686:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4595:
4589:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4517:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4311:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4186:
4180:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4124:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4083:
4077:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4036:
4030:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3939:
3938:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3837:
3831:
3826:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3758:0-06-050543-5
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3735:Coughlin, Con
3730:
3722:
3720:0-06-050543-5
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3697:Coughlin, Con
3692:
3684:
3682:0-06-050543-5
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3659:Coughlin, Con
3654:
3652:
3643:
3641:0-313-29186-1
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3525:0-06-050543-5
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3502:Coughlin, Con
3497:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3366:
3364:0-313-29186-1
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3333:
3331:0-06-050543-5
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3308:Coughlin, Con
3303:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3248:0-06-050543-5
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3225:Coughlin, Con
3220:
3212:
3210:0-06-050543-5
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3187:Coughlin, Con
3182:
3174:
3172:0-06-050543-5
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3149:Coughlin, Con
3144:
3136:
3134:0-06-050543-5
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3111:Coughlin, Con
3106:
3098:
3096:0-06-050543-5
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3073:Coughlin, Con
3068:
3060:
3058:0-06-050543-5
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3035:Coughlin, Con
3030:
3022:
3020:0-06-050543-5
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2997:Coughlin, Con
2992:
2984:
2982:0-06-050543-5
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2959:Coughlin, Con
2954:
2946:
2944:0-470-21611-5
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2911:1-885942-40-0
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2882:3-531-16205-5
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2853:1-885942-40-0
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2744:0-06-050543-5
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2721:Coughlin, Con
2716:
2708:
2706:0-06-050543-5
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2683:Coughlin, Con
2678:
2670:
2668:0-06-050543-5
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2645:Coughlin, Con
2640:
2632:
2630:0-06-050543-5
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2607:Coughlin, Con
2602:
2594:
2592:0-06-050543-5
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2569:Coughlin, Con
2564:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2415:0-275-97365-4
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2377:0-06-050543-5
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2354:Coughlin, Con
2349:
2341:
2339:0-06-050543-5
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:Coughlin, Con
2311:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2195:
2193:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1934:Co-operatives
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1775:
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1765:
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1759:
1746:
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1702:
1701:
1693:
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1662:
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1648:
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1635:
1633:
1629:
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1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
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1537:
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1528:
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1523:
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1499:
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1426:
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1400:
1394:
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1383:
1379:
1373:
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1368:
1365:
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1337:
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1310:
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1302:
1301:
1299:
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1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
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1254:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:Iran–Iraq War
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:Organisations
1006:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
989:
985:
981:
980:
972:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
927:
922:
908:
906:
901:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
805:
802:
798:
793:
790:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
694:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
672:Field Marshal
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
639:
627:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
591:
587:
581:
574:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:(1966–1982) (
531:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
504:
495:
491:
488:
484:
472:
468:
463:
459:
453:
448:
445:
441:
436:
433:
430:
424:
421:
418:
412:
406:
401:
398:
395:
389:
386:
383:
377:
374:
371:
367:
361:
356:
353:
349:
344:
341:
338:
332:
329:
326:
320:
317:
314:
310:
304:
299:
296:
291:
288:
285:
279:
273:
266:
265:Hammad Shihab
263:
257:
253:
247:
241:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
217:
214:
211:
205:
202:
199:
195:
189:
184:
181:
178:
172:
169:
166:
160:
156:
152:
146:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
122:
119:
116:
110:
107:
104:
98:
93:
90:
84:
78:
73:
70:
65:
61:
48:
43:
34:
27:
22:
19:
7839:Pan-Islamism
7717:
7710:
7703:
7603:Ba'ath Party
7480:Ameen Rihani
7394:
7340:Jassem Alwan
7335:Michel Aflaq
7191:Algerian War
7117:Iraqi Revolt
6992:
6974:
6967:
6907:Anti-Zionism
6520:Armed groups
6464:Popular Army
6442:Paramilitary
6215:Organization
6053:
6014:
5966:
5749:Muhsen Bilal
5558:
5452:Munif Razzaz
5411:
5372:Michel Aflaq
5294:Isam al-Qadi
5251:Munif Razzaz
5213:
5163:
5119:Michel Aflaq
5103:Munif Razzaz
5098:Michel Aflaq
4908:Michel Aflaq
4870:Predecessors
4837:
4828:
4700:(since 2004)
4552:
4475:
4138:(since 2004)
4060:
3933:
3927:
3914:
3895:
3868:
3862:
3841:
3810:
3781:
3739:
3729:
3701:
3691:
3663:
3623:
3617:
3588:
3545:
3534:
3506:
3496:
3467:
3456:
3427:
3384:
3373:
3346:
3340:
3312:
3302:
3273:
3229:
3219:
3191:
3181:
3153:
3143:
3115:
3105:
3077:
3067:
3039:
3029:
3001:
2991:
2963:
2953:
2926:
2920:
2897:
2891:
2868:
2862:
2839:
2833:
2804:
2793:
2764:
2753:
2725:
2715:
2687:
2677:
2649:
2639:
2611:
2601:
2573:
2563:
2536:
2530:
2501:
2490:
2463:
2457:
2430:
2424:
2397:
2358:
2348:
2320:
2280:
2274:
2247:
2228:
2221:
2210:
2189:
2178:
2148:Michel Aflaq
2145:
2106:
2102:Soviet Union
2099:
2094:flag of Iraq
2083:
2067:
2043:
2016:
2013:Con Coughlin
2004:
1988:
1980:
1975:Kirkuk Field
1971:Persian Gulf
1960:
1957:Oil industry
1951:
1943:
1930:
1901:
1879:
1850:Con Coughlin
1830:
1803:
1791:Michel Aflaq
1784:
1779:Michel Aflaq
1766:
1754:
1249: /
1235:
1221:UN sanctions
1189:
1125:
1091:Michel Aflaq
1039:Ba'ath Party
965:Michel Aflaq
962:
958:Talib Shabib
935:
893:
886:
874:Soviet Union
870:Baghdad Pact
846:Iraqi branch
818:Ottoman Iraq
811:
794:
777:
734:
701:
700:
678:Battles/wars
600:Abd al-Salam
583:(son-in-law)
576:(son-in-law)
562:Ali al-Nada
527:(1940s–1966)
498:(1982-10-04)
451:
427:Succeeded by
404:
392:Succeeded by
373:Michel Aflaq
359:
335:Succeeded by
327:
302:
282:Succeeded by
239:
220:Succeeded by
187:
175:Succeeded by
144:
125:Succeeded by
76:
18:
7898:1982 deaths
7893:1914 births
7533:Arab Ba'ath
7455:Salah Jadid
7312:Arabization
7159:Six-Day War
7154:Suez Crisis
7100:Arab Revolt
7079:Pan-Arabism
6952:Vanguardism
6927:Pan-Arabism
6557:Snake Party
6343:South Yemen
6174:Imad Khamis
5919:Salim Yasin
5839:Imad Khamis
5814:Salah Jadid
5799:Hilal Hilal
5794:Salim Hatum
5759:Ahmad Diyab
5684:Tahir Yahya
5442:Salah Jadid
5422:Elias Farah
5299:Rakad Salem
5273:Assem Qanso
4877:Arab Ba'ath
4731:Abdul-Mahdi
4650:A. Pachachi
4609:(2003–2004)
4573:as-Samarrai
4537:(1968–2003)
4460:(1958–1968)
4378:H. Pachachi
4327:(1932–1958)
4259:(1920–1932)
4097:(2003–2004)
4050:(1968–2003)
3993:(1958–1968)
3853:Tahir Yahya
3554:. pp.
3393:. pp.
3353:. pp.
3320:. pp.
3199:. pp.
3161:. pp.
2695:. pp.
2287:. pp.
1687:Pan-Arabism
1649:2002–
1636:1970–
1623:1966–
1116:Salah Jadid
1063:1966–
1019:Arab Ba'ath
950:Tahir Yahya
826:Nasir tribe
724:, a mix of
513:Nationality
480:1 July 1914
415:Preceded by
380:Preceded by
323:Preceded by
260:Preceded by
225:Tahir Yahya
208:Preceded by
163:Preceded by
113:Preceded by
56: 1974
7887:Categories
7697:Literature
7390:Tariq Aziz
7307:Arab world
7302:Arab Union
7231:Dhofar War
6961:Literature
6947:Secularism
6835:in Lebanon
6388:Newspapers
6333:Mauritania
6287:Mauritania
6154:Adel Safar
5554:Tariq Aziz
5164:(de facto)
5074:Leadership
4983:Post-split
4736:Al-Kadhimi
4716:al-Jaafari
4625:al-Jaafari
4383:T. Suwaidi
4373:al-Hashimi
4358:al-Hashimi
4343:al-Gaylani
4295:N. Suwaidi
4290:T. Suwaidi
4285:al-Hashimi
4270:al-Gillani
3941:1968–1979
3920:1968–1979
3901:1968–1979
3874:1963–1964
3790:. p.
3747:. p.
3709:. p.
3671:. p.
3630:. p.
3597:. p.
3514:. p.
3476:. p.
3436:. p.
3282:. p.
3237:. p.
3123:. p.
3085:. p.
3047:. p.
3009:. p.
2971:. p.
2933:. p.
2813:. p.
2773:. p.
2733:. p.
2657:. p.
2619:. p.
2581:. p.
2543:. p.
2510:. p.
2470:. p.
2437:. p.
2404:. p.
2366:. p.
2328:. p.
2254:. p.
2203:References
2064:Repression
1455:Mauritania
1154:Literature
860:and bring
649:Iraqi Army
625:Allegiance
476:1914-07-01
7730:Symbolism
7074:Nasserism
7069:Ba'athism
6986:Symbolism
6942:Saddamism
6922:Ba'athism
6405:Al-Thawra
6395:Al-Ba'ath
6338:Palestine
6292:Palestine
6015:(interim)
5287:Palestine
5091:Pre-split
5012:Arab Belt
4922:Pre-split
4741:Al Sudani
4721:al-Maliki
4620:al-Ulooum
4491:al-Bazzaz
4486:ar-Razzaq
4418:al-Jamali
4353:al-Ayyubi
4348:al-Midfai
4280:al-Askari
4275:al-Sa'dun
4014:al-Bazzaz
4004:ar-Ruba'i
2468:Routledge
2435:Routledge
2070:political
2040:The Kurds
2008:subsidies
1969:, in the
1894:patronage
1882:socialist
1871:Economics
1842:executive
1692:Saddamism
1682:Nasserism
1572:pro-Syria
1551:pro-Syria
1530:pro-Syria
1509:pro-Syria
1488:pro-Syria
1476:Palestine
1467:pro-Syria
1430:pro-Syria
1393:pro-Syria
1372:pro-Syria
1351:pro-Syria
1330:pro-Syria
1309:pro-Syria
992:Ba'athism
850:brigadier
769:Nasserist
745:patronage
722:Ba'athism
658:1938–1982
608:Signature
594:Muhammad
549:Relations
452:In office
405:In office
360:In office
303:In office
240:In office
197:President
188:In office
154:President
145:In office
77:In office
7872:Category
7814:Islamism
7523:Al-Fatat
7290:Concepts
7057:Ideology
6895:Ideology
6698:Ahd Bloc
4901:Founders
4775:military
4726:al-Abadi
4675:al-Yawer
4660:al-Uloom
4645:al-Hakim
4640:Talabani
4363:Sulayman
4203:military
4154:Talabani
4149:al-Yawer
3778:(2010).
3737:(2005).
3699:(2005).
3661:(2005).
3628:ABC-CLIO
3585:(2010).
3542:(2010).
3504:(2005).
3464:(2010).
3424:(2010).
3381:(2010).
3351:ABC-CLIO
3310:(2005).
3270:(2010).
3227:(2005).
3189:(2005).
3151:(2005).
3113:(2005).
3075:(2005).
3037:(2005).
2999:(2005).
2961:(2005).
2801:(2010).
2761:(2010).
2723:(2005).
2685:(2005).
2647:(2005).
2609:(2005).
2571:(2005).
2498:(2010).
2356:(2005).
2318:(2005).
2285:ABC-CLIO
2252:ABC-CLIO
2158:See also
2113:Cold War
1903:de facto
1898:nepotism
1890:cronyism
1886:populist
1762:nepotism
1758:Tikritis
1567:pro-Iraq
1546:pro-Iraq
1525:pro-Iraq
1504:pro-Iraq
1483:pro-Iraq
1462:pro-Iraq
1446:pro-Iraq
1425:pro-Iraq
1409:pro-Iraq
1388:pro-Iraq
1367:pro-Iraq
1346:pro-Iraq
1325:pro-Iraq
1304:pro-Iraq
1226:Iraq War
1216:Gulf War
984:a series
982:Part of
822:al-Bejat
749:cronyism
739:, which
589:Children
7518:Al-Awda
7093:History
6823:Unified
6818:Bakdash
6645:Current
6609:Al-Awda
6363:History
6328:Lebanon
6302:Tunisia
6277:Lebanon
6250:Bahrain
6245:Algeria
5360:of the
5357:Members
5266:Lebanon
5005:Members
4858:History
4772:interim
4665:Barzani
4630:Chalabi
4578:Hussein
4568:Zubeidi
4563:Hammadi
4558:Hussein
4553:al-Bakr
4548:an-Naif
4476:al-Bakr
4398:al-Sadr
4368:al-Said
4338:Shawkat
4300:al-Said
4200:interim
4066:Hussein
4061:al-Bakr
3322:112–113
2289:191–192
2046:Kurdish
1651:present
1638:present
1625:present
1539:Tunisia
1418:Lebanon
1318:Bahrain
1297:Algeria
1184:History
1065:present
830:teacher
592:Haytham
503:Baghdad
442:of the
350:of the
254:Himself
157:Himself
95:Himself
26:Marshal
6691:Former
6323:Jordan
6272:Jordan
5239:Jordan
4754:
4711:Allawi
4635:Allawi
4591:
4519:
4428:Mirjan
4413:Mahmud
4182:
4169:Rashid
4113:Bremer
4108:Garner
4079:
4032:
3798:
3755:
3717:
3679:
3638:
3605:
3562:
3558:–200.
3522:
3484:
3444:
3401:
3397:–198.
3361:
3328:
3290:
3245:
3207:
3169:
3131:
3093:
3055:
3017:
2979:
2941:
2908:
2879:
2850:
2821:
2781:
2741:
2703:
2665:
2627:
2589:
2551:
2518:
2478:
2445:
2412:
2374:
2336:
2295:
2262:
2183:Arabic
2092:. The
2086:Nasser
2027:. The
1967:al-Faw
1953:1976.
1919:. The
1797:and a
1402:Kuwait
1381:Jordan
1079:People
900:Beirut
814:Tikrit
765:Ba'ath
635:
541:Spouse
483:Tikrit
312:Deputy
7618:Fatah
6793:Sawab
6473:Youth
6435:Wings
6375:Yemen
6353:Syria
6348:Sudan
6307:Yemen
6297:Sudan
6282:Libya
6255:Egypt
6085:Syria
5983:Syria
5933:Yemen
5700:Syria
5309:Syria
4670:Salim
4655:Hamid
4506:Yahya
4496:Talib
4481:Yahya
4471:Qasim
4433:Baban
4164:Salih
4159:Masum
3847:1963
3355:72–73
3201:57–58
3163:55–56
2697:46–47
2170:Notes
2142:Death
2074:death
2021:upper
1560:Yemen
1518:Syria
1497:Sudan
1439:Libya
1339:Egypt
878:Mosul
763:in a
603:Haifa
516:Iraqi
6260:Iraq
6045:Iraq
5958:Iraq
5495:Iraq
5192:Iraq
4501:Arif
4393:Jabr
4248:List
3982:List
3796:ISBN
3753:ISBN
3715:ISBN
3677:ISBN
3636:ISBN
3603:ISBN
3560:ISBN
3520:ISBN
3482:ISBN
3442:ISBN
3399:ISBN
3359:ISBN
3326:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3205:ISBN
3167:ISBN
3129:ISBN
3091:ISBN
3053:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2977:ISBN
2939:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2877:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2819:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2739:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2663:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2549:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2293:ISBN
2260:ISBN
2128:Iran
2121:Shah
2054:Iran
2023:and
1896:and
1844:and
1360:Iraq
1247:1963
948:and
747:and
728:and
663:Rank
638:Iraq
493:Died
470:Born
67:4th
3792:203
3749:113
3711:107
3673:112
3599:200
3556:199
3516:115
3478:199
3438:198
3395:197
3284:197
2935:735
2902:347
2844:134
2815:184
2775:183
2512:167
2256:191
2126:of
844:'s
534:NPF
7889::
3794:.
3786:.
3767:^
3751:.
3743:.
3713:.
3705:.
3675:.
3667:.
3650:^
3634:.
3632:80
3626:.
3601:.
3593:.
3574:^
3550:.
3518:.
3510:.
3480:.
3472:.
3440:.
3432:.
3413:^
3389:.
3357:.
3349:.
3324:.
3316:.
3286:.
3278:.
3257:^
3241:.
3239:59
3233:.
3203:.
3195:.
3165:.
3157:.
3127:.
3125:56
3119:.
3089:.
3087:55
3081:.
3051:.
3049:54
3043:.
3013:.
3011:53
3005:.
2975:.
2973:52
2967:.
2937:.
2929:.
2904:.
2875:.
2873:36
2846:.
2817:.
2809:.
2777:.
2769:.
2737:.
2735:47
2729:.
2699:.
2691:.
2661:.
2659:46
2653:.
2623:.
2621:48
2615:.
2585:.
2583:45
2577:.
2547:.
2545:23
2539:.
2514:.
2506:.
2474:.
2472:92
2466:.
2441:.
2439:97
2433:.
2408:.
2406:87
2400:.
2386:^
2370:.
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