746:
616:
684:
715:
400:
818:
2733:
2427:
2685:
2637:
420:
776:
2749:
700:
799:
2605:
344:
work places. Haiti's GDP per capita was $ 1,300 in 2008, or less than one-sixth of that in the
Dominican Republic. As a result, hundreds of thousands of Haitians have migrated to the Dominican Republic, with some estimates of 800,000 Haitians in the country, while others believe they are more than a million. Many Haitian migrants or their descendants work in low-paid and unskilled jobs in building construction, household cleaning, and in plantations.
201:
383:
retroactively applied this definition to 1929, the year Haiti and the
Dominican Republic formalized the border. The decision stripped Dominican citizenship from about 210,000 people who were born in the Dominican Republic after 1929 but are descended from undocumented immigrants from Haiti. Many of the Dominican Republic-born do not have Haitian citizenship and have never been to Haiti; the decision rendered them at least temporarily
2717:
2587:
2653:
2669:
2621:
2701:
295: 525,000 (equivalent to $ 11.13 million in 2023). The genocide sought to be justified on the pretext of fearing infiltration, but was actually also a retaliation, commented on both in national currencies, as well as having been informed by the Military Intelligence Service (the dreaded SIM), that the Haitian government was cooperating with a plan that sought to overthrow Dominican exiles.
745:
326:
including children, and raped women resulting in small numbers of
Dominicans having distant Haitian ancestry without even knowing. In addition, many mixed Haitian-Dominican families have been created, whether through consensual relationships or through rape. A small portion of Dominicans who've been in the country for generations are of partial or full Haitian ancestry.
443:(DOP) per month; about 7% earned more than 20,000 DOP per month. Those who live in urban areas earn up to 70% more than those in rural areas. The average median income is 10,262 DOP per month; in comparison, an average Dominican earns 12,441 DOP and an average non-Haitian immigrant earns 39,318 DOP per month. Just 10% of Haitians send
683:
1739:
714:
322:, in Haiti, the influx of Haitian labourers was continuous and was increasing. Every year contracts were signed between both countries for the importation of over ten thousand Haitians as temporary workers (although they were rarely returned to their country) in exchange for the payment of millions of dollars.
390:
Haitian descendants who have been in the
Dominican Republic for many generations tend to primarily speak a broken form of Spanish with a strong Haitian accent, even moreso than Haitian Creole similar to how many assimilated Haitian Americans speak English more than Creole. Many try to mimic Dominican
634:
According to the president of the
Confederation of Professional Baseball of the Caribbean (CBPC), Juan Francisco Puello Herrera, The inability to obtain identification documents, often result in some of these athletes not being signed by professional teams. Many players have come from the bateyes of
334:
Illegal
Haitian Immigration is a big problem in the Dominican Republic, putting a strain on the Dominican economy and increasing tensions between Dominicans and Haitians. It is believed the Dominican border patrol does not protect the border effectively, partly due to the nonchalant attitude of many
343:
Many
Haitians migrate to the Dominican Republic primarily to escape the poverty in Haiti. As of 2023, 58.6% of all Haitians were poor (24% in extreme poverty) and 47.1% were illiterate. The country of 11 million people has a fast-growing population, but over two thirds of the jobs are not in formal
325:
Haitian influence and migration has been strong on and off since the early 1800s, one of the main reasons there has always been tensions. During the early-mid 1800s, around the periods of the
Haitian Revolution and the Dominican War of Independence, Haitian soldiers would massacre innocent people
387:. Some Haitians began leaving voluntarily or in response to ethnic violence. The government set a deadline of June 17, 2015 for affected people to leave the Dominican Republic, as nighttime "bandits" threatened Haitians with violence and deportation; by August 2015 "hundreds" had been deported.
226:
The 1935 census revealed that several border towns were of
Haitian majority; between 1920 and 1935 the Haitian population in the Dominican Republic doubled. In 1936, Haiti received several of these villages located in La Miel valley after a revision of the borderline. Between 1935 and 1937 the
382:
generally granted citizenship to anyone born in the country, except children of diplomats and persons "in transit". The 2010 constitution was amended to define all undocumented residents as "in transit". On
September 23, 2013, the Dominican Republic Constitutional Court issued a ruling that
655:. Oftentimes, their origins are kept hidden for either fear of discrimination or to alter birth records to appear younger, which is a common practice in general in the Dominican Republic. Some choose to not even keep the surname of origin, in order to not to be so easily recognized.
1746:
180:
ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 the
447:
to Haiti, with 5.4% sending with a frequency of once per quarter or higher. Most remittances sent back to Haiti tend to come rather from Haitian-Americans, with 8$ out of every 10$ sent back to Haiti coming from the US in 2022, a total of $ 3.1 billion.
1811:
235:
of Haitians in the border area, but these measures failed due to a corruption scheme involving Dominican military men, civil authorities, and US-owned sugar companies, in the trafficking of undocumented Haitian immigrants. After April 1937,
240:
began the deportation of thousands of Haitians; this led to the arrival of unemployed Haitians en masse to the Dominican Republic. In August 1937, amid a tour to border towns, Trujillo received complaints of looting, pillaging and
359:
gave a formal statement saying "Our border with Haiti has its problems, this is our reality, and this must be understood. It’s important not to confuse national sovereignty with indifference, and not to confuse security with
692:
was a chief military commander, who was in charge of the Battalion 31 and freed slaves which joined the ranks of the Dominican army. He is said to have been the "most prominent, achieving great military distinction in Santo
302:
agreed on the annual shipment of thousands of Haitian laborers to work in American-owned and Dominican-owned sugar plantations, paying the Dominican government a price per head to its Haitian counterpart.
1815:
1156:
Se dice que una de las órdenes impartidas por el militar Frappier, de origen alemán, era la siguiente: pasar por las armas a toda aquella persona que no pronunciara perfectamente la palabra "perejil".
664:
455:; the 1935 Census registered 52,657 Haitians. The Haitian population decreased to 18,772 in the 1950 Census, as a result of the cession of Dominican territory to Haiti in 1936, and the 1937
216:
465:
According to the Ministry of Health, in 2018 roughly 24% of neonates in the Dominican Republic are born to a Haitian mother, 4 years later that figure had increased to 31.9%.
2393:
439:
Almost 75% of the Haitians living in the Dominican Republic have been residing in the country for less than 10 years. Almost 70% of Haitian workers earns less than 10,000
2415:
280:, the Dominican Republic's interim Foreign Minister at the time of the massacre, put the number of dead at 17,000. Other estimates compiled by the Dominican historian
2494:
940:
699:
2499:
2383:
1780:
1670:
2798:
2531:
817:
1838:
2793:
355:
issued a preliminary report stating that it found a profound problem of racism and discrimination against people of Haitian origin, the Chancellor Dominican
854:
2459:
1287:
1436:
371:
that struck Haiti in 2010, the number of Haitians doubled to 2 million, most of whom illegally crossed after the border opened for international aid.
1414:
1864:
1532:
2788:
1644:
775:
462:
In 2012, there were 458,233 Haitian immigrants living in the Dominican Republic, 65.4% of them were males and 76.1% between 18 and 39 years old.
2783:
2408:
1499:
2423:
1551:
1251:
2484:
2479:
1517:
1269:
284:
went as high as 35,000. Haitians that were working for the American sugar companies, or living in the East of the country, were not harmed.
391:
cultural traits in an effort to blend in and assimilate into the native Dominican population in order to avoid xenophobia and/or violence.
2778:
2575:
1569:
1394:
2401:
798:
2553:
2464:
1625:
245:, and people insinuated that he had no control over the Haitians. Drunk at a soirée, Trujillo decided that every Haitian should be
1902:
Los censos dominicanos estiman el número de haitianos en 28.258 en 1920, en 52.657 en 1935, en 18.772 en 1950 y en 29.350 en 1960.
1071:
2243:
Sonia Pierre, hija de inmigrantes haitianos, nació en la República Dominicana y se crió en el batey Lechería de Villa Altagracia.
2204:
1606:
871:
379:
298:
After the events of 1937, Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic halted, until in 1952 Trujillo and the Haitian president
2124:
2090:
1997:
1342:
1134:
375:
estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic.
759:
2080:
911:
193:). In 1899 the Haitian government claimed the center-west and the south-west of the Dominican Republic, including western
2147:
1458:
1374:
876:
624:
404:
2366:
1306:
2230:
758:; the discrimination against individuals of Haitian origin in both Haiti and the Dominican Republic. She won the 2006
2474:
2023:
1940:
1788:
1667:
1191:
1107:
1054:
1027:
212:
205:
2431:
1959:
886:
2386:" (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (former 'Oficina Nacional de Estadística') &
1677:" (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (former 'Oficina Nacional de Estadística') &
628:
615:
2568:
2387:
1678:
720:
620:
564:
508:
500:
492:
636:
311:
177:
351:
criticized that collective expulsions of Haitians were "improper and inhumane". After a delegation from the
310:, 30,000 Haitians crossed the border between 1960 and 1965. During the administrations of Joaquín Balaguer,
652:
123:
2178:
306:
In the 1960s, after the fall of the dictatorship of Trujillo, Haitian immigration boomed: according to
249:. Lieutenant Adolf "Boy" Frappier, a German adviser to President Trujillo, advised him to use the
1324:
2561:
2543:
804:
736:
478:
428:
399:
2583:
667:(FEDOMBAL), there is no record of participation of Dominican basketball players of Haitian descent.
423:
Place of birth of the Haitian immigrants in the Dominican Republic. The majority is originally from
412:
1177:
1001:
Páez Piantini, William (2006). "La frontera domínico-haitiana: perspectiva histórica y presente".
663:
According to Junior Paez and Ramón Ceballos, the administrative and eligibility directors of the
356:
149:
1181:
1124:
1097:
837:
2255:
1930:
1044:
785:
368:
315:
182:
1234:"Refworld | "Illegal People": Haitians And Dominico-Haitians In The Dominican Republic"
1017:
2303:
2274:
1356:
1214:
8:
2329:
2264:. Published March 10, 2009 By Luke Cyphers|ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
2054:
408:
2452:
2205:"José Francisco Peña Gómez: sus orígenes, su biografía, su personalidad, su pensamiento"
1587:
941:"Determinan que en RD residen 524 mil 632 inmigrantes de los que el 87.3% son haitianos"
348:
307:
277:
2723:
2707:
2526:
2426:
1932:
Needed But Unwanted: Haitian Immigrants and Their Descendants in the Dominican Republic
849:
724:
424:
372:
228:
165:
2755:
2643:
2627:
2362:
2260:
2120:
2086:
1993:
1936:
1187:
1130:
1103:
1050:
1023:
96:
1552:"'I came here with nothing': life in limbo for unwilling migrants on Haiti's border"
1288:"Dominican Republic denies birthright citizenship to children of illegal immigrants"
2611:
2591:
2521:
2489:
881:
456:
319:
269:
257:
141:
1842:
1270:"New Dominican law seeks to prevent illegal Haitians from renting a place to live"
2659:
2442:
2114:
1674:
1093:
865:
859:
823:
789:
755:
705:
194:
157:
115:
1233:
1477:
640:
440:
352:
242:
220:
119:
100:
92:
2155:
781:
708:
was a three-time President of the Dominican Republic, until his assassination.
419:
2772:
2739:
2675:
1814:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Observatorio Político Dominicano. Archived from
384:
299:
281:
127:
211:
However, the arrival of Haitians to the rest of the country began after the
1868:
915:
808:
751:
261:
1992:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Oficina Nacional de Estadística. April 2018.
1046:
Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians, and the Struggle for Hispaniola
891:
754:, was a human rights advocate in the Dominican Republic who worked to end
689:
190:
2359:
Why The Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians And The Struggle For Hispaniola
1645:"Tensions Rise At Border As Dominican Republic Begins Deporting Haitians"
1231:
444:
403:
Percentage of the people of Haitian origin among the population for each
232:
1343:"VALDERDE: Multitud protesta por el asesinato de un productor bananero"
648:
361:
250:
2279:
2148:"Ancestros, descendientes y parientes colaterales de Joaquín Balaguer"
1865:"Se incrementa la demanda de servicios de la población haitiana en RD"
1839:"24% de partos en RD son de madres haitianas, según ministro de Salud"
287:
As a result of the slaughter, the Dominican Republic paid to Haiti an
200:
197:, as it estimated that Haitians had become the majority in that area.
1970:. Santo Domingo: Oficina Nacional de Estadística: 234, 265, 272. 2013
1935:. London: Catholic Institute of International Relations. p. 33.
1533:"Forced to Flee Dominican Republic for Haiti, Migrants Land in Limbo"
1500:"Haitians Face Deportation From Dominican Republic As Deadline Nears"
723:, was military leader known for having opposed the annexation of the
288:
1415:"Dominican Court's Ruling on Citizenship Stirs Emotions in New York"
2509:
2256:
Haitian Sensations: Behind the rise of the Haitian-Dominican player
452:
246:
2514:
1395:"DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Gov't Turns Deaf Ear to UN Experts on Racism"
840:
is a Dominican urban singer of rap, reggaeton, bachata and trap.
468:
260:
for "parsley") to identify Haitians by their accent, because the
189:
annexed La Miel valley and Rancho Mateo, including Veladero (now
2231:"La sorpresiva muerte de Sonia Pierre enluta comunidad haitiana"
1459:"Dominican court ruling renders hundreds of thousands stateless"
431:(19%). Just 0.2% of the Haitian immigrants in the D.R. are from
2447:
1812:"La presencia de inmigrantes haitianos en República Dominicana"
470:
432:
223:
imported, annually, thousands of Haitian workers to cut costs.
1437:"Dominicans of Haitian Descent Cast Into Legal Limbo by Court"
1252:"Immigration repatriates 200,000 illegal Haitians in 2 months"
2586:
1570:"Many Haitians Leave Dominican Republic After Court Decision"
1186:(in Spanish). México: Plaza y Valdés. pp. 211–212, 215.
728:
644:
273:
81:
valley, and the Southeastern (including Santo Domingo) region
78:
1781:"La desregulación de la inmigración es el negocio del siglo"
1740:"Historia, Metodología y organización de censos en Rep. Dom"
1375:"DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Deport Thy (Darker-Skinned) Neighbour"
912:"DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Deport Thy (Darker-Skinned) Neighbour"
292:
237:
1626:"Citing Abuse, Haitian Immigrants Flee Dominican Republic"
1518:"DR Court Strips Citizenship from Dominican-born Haitians"
415:
the lowest, 2%. Nationwide, they are 7% of the population.
60:
Haitians born in the Dominican Republic to Haitian parents
2327:
2176:
2052:
1072:"Matanza de haitianos del 37, un "zapatazo" de Trujillo"
50:
Dominicans born to both a Haitian and a Dominican parent
1928:
1005:(in Spanish). Archivo General de la Nación: 39, 41–42.
231:
imposed restrictions on foreign labor and ordered the
2112:
1129:. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional. pp. 482–484.
2154:(in Spanish). Hoy. 16 September 2006. Archived from
1929:
Wooding, Bridget; Moseley-Williams, Richard (2004).
1588:"Dominican Republic agrees to OAS migration inquiry"
1019:
Haitian Sugar-cane Cutters in the Dominican Republic
826:, is a former all-star Major League Baseball player.
2384:
Primera Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes (ENI-2012)
1668:
Primera Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes (ENI-2012)
1430:
1428:
1397:. Inter Press Service News Agency. 31 October 2007.
961:
Primera Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes (ENI-2012)
2278:
2228:
1122:
268:was difficult for Haitians to pronounce properly.
2202:
2177:Dominguez Cruz, Franklin, ed. (29 January 2006).
2048:
2046:
2044:
2024:"Los atletas dominicanos de ascendencia haitiana"
272:along the borderland, the Northwest Line and the
40:Residents of the Dominican Republic born in Haiti
2770:
2021:
1425:
1363:. Central Intelligence Agency. October 19, 2021.
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
2328:Herrera-Miniño, Fabio R., ed. (26 March 2010).
2116:No longer invisible: Afro-Latin Americans today
2053:Herrera-Miniño, Fabio R., ed. (26 March 2010).
1232:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
1099:Historia de la República Dominicana (Volumen 2)
938:
855:2013 Dominican Republic–Haiti diplomatic crisis
2356:
2041:
1990:2ª Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes (ENI-2017)
1964:IX Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2010
1954:
1952:
1176:
1123:Castillo Pantaleón, Juan Miguel (March 2012).
934:
932:
731:and for being one of the rebels of the famous
2799:Haitian expatriates in the Dominican Republic
2569:
2409:
2119:. Minority Rights Publications. p. 113.
1778:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1161:
1000:
836:File:Yailin la más Viral Premios Heat 03.jpg|
670:
338:
276:, and thousands more fled to Haiti. In 1975,
2794:Dominican Republic people of Haitian descent
1898:Azúcar y política en la República Dominicana
1183:Capital transnacional y trabajo en el Caribe
1154:. University Press of America. p. 196.
2506:Indigenous peoples of the Dominic Republic
2301:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1949:
1916:Imperialismo y clases sociales en el Caribe
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1063:
929:
914:. Inter Press Service (IPS). Archived from
2576:
2562:
2416:
2402:
2304:"Miniaturas del béisbol: Más de Haitianos"
2179:"Santiago Rodríguez: El patriota ignorado"
1401:
1325:"Haitian Women Cross Border to Give Birth"
943:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Listín Diario
138:Haitian minority of the Dominican Republic
2275:"I love the Haitian side of my family..."
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1434:
1092:
1069:
2006:
1982:
1836:
1763:
1452:
1450:
1435:Archibold, Randal C. (24 October 2013).
1304:
1003:Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación
614:
418:
398:
199:
164:) is the largest ethnic minority in the
2789:Ethnic groups in the Dominican Republic
2078:
1856:
1734:
1732:
1642:
1623:
1475:
635:the provinces of San Pedro de Macoris,
569:311.969 — 3.30% of the total population
560:196.837 — 2.35% of the total population
2771:
2229:Guillermina Santos (4 December 2011).
2022:Ferreras, Alonso, ed. (20 July 2015).
1913:
1895:
1882:
1862:
1837:Pichardo, Carolina (29 January 2019).
1830:
1810:García, Samantha (11 September 2013).
1809:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1412:
1149:
1102:. Doce Calles. pp. 454–455, 479.
1042:
1015:
978:
976:
469:Haitians in the Dominican Republic by
380:Constitution of the Dominican Republic
329:
2557:
2397:
2330:"Haití al Clásico Mundial de Béisbol"
2055:"Haití al Clásico Mundial de Béisbol"
1605:Katz, Jonathan M. (13 January 2016).
1549:
1530:
1456:
1447:
1377:. Inter Press Service. 21 March 2007.
1070:Alcántara, Yvonne (10 October 2014).
1036:
512:97.142 — 2.4% of the total population
504:29.350 — 1.0% of the total population
496:18.772 — 0.9% of the total population
482:28.258 — 3.1% of the total population
411:has the highest proportion, 30%, and
2295:
1960:"Migración, Fecundidad y Mortalidad"
1863:Cuevas, Graciela (2 November 2022).
1729:
1604:
760:Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award
675:
488:52.657— 3.6% of the total population
146:Haitianos en la República Dominicana
72:Regions with significant populations
34:Total population of Haitian ancestry
1803:
1655:
1476:Kushner, Jacob (4 September 2015).
1305:Castillo, Mariano (12 April 2016).
1215:"Illegal Haitian Workers in Demand"
973:
877:Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo
13:
2784:Dominican Republic–Haiti relations
2350:
2085:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 95.
1457:Rojas, Ricardo (12 October 2013).
872:Dominican Republic–Haiti relations
451:The 1920 Census registered 28,258
405:province in the Dominican Republic
162:Haïtiens en République dominicaine
77:The borderland, the North-Western
23:Haitians in the Dominican Republic
14:
2810:
2779:Haitian diaspora in North America
2376:
1643:Granitz, Peter (31 August 2015).
1022:. Human Rights Watch. p. 7.
601:Immigrant censuses are italicized
318:, in Dominican Republic, and the
213:United States occupation of Haiti
2747:
2731:
2715:
2699:
2683:
2667:
2651:
2635:
2619:
2603:
2585:
2432:People of the Dominican Republic
2425:
2079:Matibag, Eugenio (16 May 2003).
1918:. Cuenca Ediciones. p. 229.
1531:Ahmed, Azam (12 December 2015).
1413:Semple, Kirk (17 October 2013).
909:
887:Racism in the Dominican Republic
816:
797:
774:
744:
713:
698:
682:
66:(1% of the Dominican population)
56:(1% of the Dominican population)
46:(5% of the Dominican population)
2321:
2267:
2248:
2222:
2203:Salamador, Victor, ed. (1990).
2196:
2170:
2140:
2106:
2072:
1922:
1907:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1636:
1624:Granitz, Peter (20 June 2015).
1617:
1598:
1580:
1562:
1543:
1524:
1510:
1492:
1469:
1387:
1381:
1367:
1349:
1335:
1317:
1298:
1280:
1262:
1244:
1225:
1207:
1143:
1116:
1086:
665:Dominican Basketball Federation
394:
2388:United Nations Population Fund
2113:Minority Rights Group (1995).
2082:Haitian-Dominican Counterpoint
1779:Flady Cordero (30 July 2013).
1679:United Nations Population Fund
1550:Fendt, Lindsay (12 May 2016).
1043:Wucker, Michele (2014-04-08).
1009:
994:
985:
964:
955:
939:Viviano de León (2 May 2013).
903:
168:since the early 20th century.
1:
1867:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo:
1841:(in Spanish). Santo Domingo:
1049:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
897:
658:
178:Dominican War of Independence
1787:(in Spanish). Archived from
592:7.4% of the total population
580:7.1% of the total population
541:3.4% of the total population
523:4.3% of the rural population
347:In 2005 Dominican President
7:
1307:"Faces of a divided island"
843:
767:
610:
588:751.080 (of Haitian origin)
576:668.145 (of Haitian origin)
537:245.000 (of Haitian origin)
219:around 1916, when US-owned
10:
2815:
1126:La nacionalidad dominicana
1074:(in Spanish). Diario Libre
831:
671:Notable Haitian Dominicans
339:Economic and social issues
171:
2598:
2540:
2438:
2277:Instagram. Archived from
1914:Acosta, Mercedes (1973).
1690:ENI-2012 P. 174, 183
737:Dominican Restoration War
721:Santiago Rodríguez Masagó
605:
114:
109:
90:
85:
76:
71:
32:
27:
521:(excludes urban areas)—
2357:Michele Wucker (2000).
1016:Fontus, Maryse (1989).
357:Carlos Morales Troncoso
1900:. Taller. p. 18.
1896:Corten, André (1976).
1178:Pierre Charles, Gérard
1152:One master for another
1150:Sommer, Doris (1983).
631:
436:
416:
208:
161:
154:Ayisyen nan Dominikani
153:
145:
2152:Cápsulas Genealógicas
1345:. September 28, 2020.
786:Major League Baseball
733:El Grito de Capotillo
618:
422:
402:
335:corrupt politicians.
316:Salvador Jorge Blanco
203:
2233:(in Spanish). El Día
1726:ENI-2012 P. 259
1717:ENI-2012 P. 253
1708:ENI-2012 P. 254
1699:ENI-2012 P. 251
991:ENI-2012 P. 129
982:ENI-2012 P. 163
807:, is a professional
629:San Pedro de Macorís
300:Paul Eugène Magloire
105:Speak Spanish: 73.8%
2158:on 22 February 2014
1576:. 28 November 2013.
1478:"Birthright Denied"
970:ENI-2012 P. 75
838:Yailin La Más Viral
330:Illegal Immigration
204:A sugar factory in
24:
2692:Dominican Republic
1673:2015-06-21 at the
1611:The New York Times
1537:The New York Times
1441:The New York Times
1419:The New York Times
1361:The World Factbook
1292:The World from PRX
1256:dominicantoday.com
850:Beheadings of Moca
725:Dominican Republic
632:
437:
417:
373:Human Rights Watch
229:Rafael L. Trujillo
217:Dominican Republic
209:
166:Dominican Republic
22:
2766:
2765:
2551:
2550:
2361:. Hill and Wang.
2261:ESPN The Magazine
2126:978-1-873194-80-5
2092:978-0-312-29432-8
1999:978-9945-8888-0-5
1480:. Moment Magazine
1136:978-9945-469-97-4
918:on March 12, 2008
805:Fernando Guerrero
676:Political figures
378:Before 2010, the
134:
133:
116:Roman Catholicism
2806:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2592:Haitian diaspora
2590:
2589:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2453:Samaná Americans
2430:
2429:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2372:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2302:Cruz, Héctor J.
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2271:
2265:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2181:. Diario Digital
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2019:
2004:
2003:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1776:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1745:. Archived from
1744:
1736:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1664:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:cronkite.asu.edu
1321:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:cronkite.asu.edu
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1174:
1159:
1158:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1094:Moya Pons, Frank
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1013:
1007:
1006:
998:
992:
989:
983:
980:
971:
968:
962:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
936:
927:
926:
924:
923:
910:Pina, Diógenes.
907:
882:Parsley Massacre
820:
801:
778:
748:
717:
702:
686:
457:Parsley Massacre
349:Leonel Fernández
308:Joaquín Balaguer
278:Joaquín Balaguer
183:Haitian military
91:First language:
67:
57:
47:
28:Total population
25:
21:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2552:
2547:
2536:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2379:
2369:
2353:
2351:Further reading
2348:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2306:. Listin Diario
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2020:
2007:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1927:
1923:
1912:
1908:
1894:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1777:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1675:Wayback Machine
1665:
1656:
1641:
1637:
1622:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1548:
1544:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1506:. 17 June 2015.
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1455:
1448:
1433:
1426:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1274:News From Haiti
1268:
1267:
1263:
1258:. 8 March 2021.
1250:
1249:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1175:
1162:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1014:
1010:
999:
995:
990:
986:
981:
974:
969:
965:
960:
956:
946:
944:
937:
930:
921:
919:
908:
904:
900:
866:Antihaitianismo
860:Afro-Dominicans
846:
834:
827:
824:Alfonso Soriano
821:
812:
802:
793:
790:Minnesota Twins
788:player for the
779:
770:
763:
756:antihaitianismo
749:
740:
735:that began the
718:
709:
706:Ulises Heureaux
703:
694:
687:
678:
673:
661:
613:
608:
474:
441:Dominican pesos
397:
341:
332:
221:sugar companies
195:Lake Enriquillo
174:
104:
65:
64:
62:
59:
55:
54:
52:
48:
45:
44:
42:
38:
37:800,000~ (2008)
36:
20:
17:
16:Ethnic diaspora
12:
11:
5:
2812:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2744:
2728:
2712:
2696:
2680:
2664:
2648:
2632:
2616:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2378:
2377:External links
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:978-0809097135
2367:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2320:
2294:
2266:
2254:Cypher, Luke.
2247:
2221:
2195:
2169:
2139:
2125:
2105:
2091:
2071:
2040:
2005:
1998:
1981:
1966:(in Spanish).
1948:
1941:
1921:
1906:
1881:
1855:
1829:
1818:on 14 May 2014
1802:
1762:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1654:
1635:
1616:
1597:
1594:. 2 July 2015.
1579:
1561:
1542:
1523:
1509:
1491:
1468:
1446:
1424:
1400:
1386:
1380:
1366:
1348:
1334:
1316:
1297:
1279:
1261:
1243:
1224:
1206:
1192:
1160:
1142:
1135:
1115:
1108:
1085:
1062:
1055:
1035:
1028:
1008:
993:
984:
972:
963:
954:
928:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
862:
857:
852:
845:
842:
833:
830:
829:
828:
822:
815:
813:
803:
796:
794:
780:
773:
769:
766:
765:
764:
750:
743:
741:
719:
712:
710:
704:
697:
695:
688:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
660:
657:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
595:
594:
582:
570:
561:
555:
554:Not applicable
549:
548:Not applicable
543:
531:
530:Not applicable
525:
513:
505:
497:
489:
483:
473:
467:
396:
393:
353:United Nations
340:
337:
331:
328:
312:Antonio Guzmán
270:Thousands died
243:cattle raiding
173:
170:
150:Haitian Creole
132:
131:
120:Evangelicalism
112:
111:
107:
106:
93:Haitian Creole
88:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
69:
68:
63:104,531 (2013)
53:105,381 (2012)
43:458,233 (2013)
30:
29:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2811:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2757:
2756:United States
2745:
2741:
2729:
2725:
2713:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2665:
2661:
2649:
2645:
2633:
2629:
2617:
2613:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2331:
2324:
2305:
2298:
2283:on 2021-12-24
2281:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2244:
2232:
2225:
2206:
2199:
2180:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1942:1-85287-303-5
1938:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1844:
1843:Listín Diario
1840:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1791:on 2 May 2014
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1752:on 2014-02-21
1748:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1195:
1193:968-856-161-4
1189:
1185:
1184:
1180:(July 1988).
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1109:9788400092405
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1056:9781466867888
1052:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1029:9780929692357
1025:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1004:
997:
988:
979:
977:
967:
958:
942:
935:
933:
917:
913:
906:
902:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
841:
839:
825:
819:
814:
810:
806:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
777:
772:
771:
761:
757:
753:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
716:
711:
707:
701:
696:
691:
685:
680:
679:
668:
666:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
630:
626:
622:
617:
600:
597:
596:
593:
589:
587:
583:
581:
577:
575:
571:
568:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
542:
538:
536:
532:
529:
526:
524:
520:
518:
514:
511:
510:
506:
503:
502:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
484:
481:
480:
476:
475:
472:
466:
463:
460:
458:
454:
449:
446:
442:
434:
430:
426:
421:
414:
413:San Cristóbal
410:
406:
401:
392:
388:
386:
381:
376:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
345:
336:
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
301:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
282:Bernardo Vega
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
239:
234:
230:
224:
222:
218:
214:
207:
202:
198:
196:
192:
188:
185:occupied and
184:
179:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
129:
128:Haitian Vodou
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
102:
98:
94:
89:
84:
80:
75:
70:
61:
51:
41:
35:
31:
26:
2691:
2542:
2469:
2358:
2343:(in Spanish)
2334:. Retrieved
2323:
2317:(in Spanish)
2308:. Retrieved
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2280:the original
2269:
2259:
2250:
2242:
2235:. Retrieved
2224:
2218:(in Spanish)
2209:. Retrieved
2207:. p. 36
2198:
2192:(in Spanish)
2183:. Retrieved
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2151:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2115:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2081:
2074:
2068:(in Spanish)
2059:. Retrieved
2037:(in Spanish)
2028:. Retrieved
1989:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1967:
1963:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1901:
1897:
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