Armed Forces of Haiti

650:

United States Drug Enforcement Administration opened an office in Port-au- Prince in October 1987 to help Haitian authorities control drug trafficking; however, the lack of a professional police force in Haiti hindered these efforts. The FAd'H appeared ambivalent toward the narcotics issue because drug-related corruption reportedly involved hundreds of members of the officer corps and because some officers resented pressure from Washington. Avril, however, attempted to placate United States concerns by dismissing some officers linked to drug trafficking. The most prominent among the dismissed officers was Col. Jean-Claude Paul, a former commander of the Dessalines Battalion, who was indicted in March 1988 by a Florida grand jury on charges of cocaine distribution. Haiti had signed an extradition treaty with the United States, but the agreement did not cover narcotics-related offenses, so Paul never faced trial on the charges.

627: 658:

bases, continued to be suspicious of the army's political leadership. The weak economy and the international media's criticism of Haitian affairs resulted in financial and public-relations problems for the army; and, because Haiti's political environment remained volatile and because the army did not always appear to be in control of the country, Haiti faced more unrest and the possible development of insurgency movements. On the one hand, Haiti's armed forces was still one of the few institutions of national magnitude, but, on the other hand, the armed forces suffered from serious institutional deterioration and diminished cohesion. In 1989 the military was struggling to provide political leadership at a time when it faced its own disintegration.

642:

to chronic instability that culminated in military coups. These coups caused the government to change hands four times in 1988. A fifth coup in early 1989, however, failed to topple the government. The two most important problems that the FAd'H had to face were, first, a divided senior military command and, second, suspicious junior officers and NCO personnel. These problems became apparent in 1988 when Avril ousted Namphy and subsequently dismissed a number of senior officers. The degree to which NCOs may have been manipulated in this process and the extent to which lower army echelons had begun to shape their own political attitudes caused some observers to doubt the military's future as an institution.

307:) that fought for independence, which was formally declared on 1 January 1804. Haiti became a militarized country over the next several decades to protect its independence from a possible return of French troops, and as a result the military dominated the government and administration, with the emergence of a military elite that held the political and economic power in the country. The military was reorganized in the 1880s, being divided between a small active army that underwent the reform, and a much larger reserve army consisting of the old forces. There was also a small navy. Between 1804 and 1915, all except one of Haiti's 26 heads of state were military officers. 571: 560: 582: 209: 3172: 384:

fragmented into warring regional factions. The military very soon took control of almost every aspect of Haitian life. Officers assumed responsibility for the administration of justice and for municipal management. According to a Haitian diplomat, the country was in its earlier days "an immense military camp." Without viable civilian institutions, Haiti was vulnerable to military personalities, who permanently shaped the nation's authoritarian, personalist, and coercive style of governance.

1629: 48: 3162: 646:

military planned to transfer power to a legitimate civilian government. Another important problem concerned the personal political ambitions of some army commanders. It was also unclear how the FAd'H would respond to these challenges because the institution had not demonstrated viable national political capabilities. The FAd'H was ill-prepared for this broad new role in national life because François Duvalier had severely limited its role in government affairs.

477: 1664: 793:), Taiwan, France, Argentina, and Mexico. These meeting entailed discussions over defense cooperation, security partnership, and the formation and training (basic training and continuing formation) of members of the armed forces. On the 28th of August, 2024, it was reported that the Haitian army conducted a recruitment drive that resulted in 3,000 men being selected for the Haitian army, as part of a effort by Haitian Prime Minister 233: 221: 3758: 598:(Parti Unifié Communiste Haïtien, PUCH), openly operated in the country. Cuba helped some Haitian refugees travel to Florida in the 1980s, but its overall interest in Haitian affairs has been unclear. The severity of Haiti's political and economic crises, along with the high profile of the United States in the region, has limited involvement by other countries in Haitian affairs. 3068:"Intervention du Commandant en chef a.i des Forces Armées d'Haïti, le Lieutenant-Général Derby Guerrier à l'occasion de la cérémonie de présentation du manuel de formation en Droits de l'Homme de la Garde Nationale et de remise de certificats aux formateurs des formateurs et aux formateurs formés aux Droits Humains" 614:(Tortuga Island). An airplane dropped a bomb on the National Palace in 1982, and a car bomb exploded nearby in 1983. Exile groups, however, never posed a significant military challenge to the army and the VSN. The real challenge to these forces came in the popular domestic disturbances that developed after 1984. 511:

after the United States administration ended. The United States sought to establish a modern, apolitical military force in Haiti. On the surface, it succeeded; the organization, the training, and the equipment of the Garde all represented improvements over the military conditions existing before the occupation.

2287:"Rencontre enrichissante avec l'ambassadeur de la République de Chine (Taïwan), S.E.M. Wen-Jiann Ku. Les échanges ont porté sur la formation militaire et la coopération en matière de défense. J'ai réitéré l'engagement du gouvernement à renforcer les capacités des FADH et à approfondir les liens avec Taïwan" 815:, to discuss the advancements of military cooperation between Haiti and Argentina. On August 25th, outgoing French ambassador Fabrice Mauriès stated that France has always supported the Haitian Armed Forces and confirmed that starting September 2024, members of the armed forces would start travelling to 408:

During the mid-19th century, prolonged instability weakened the military. By the end of the 19th century, Haiti's military had become little more than an undisciplined, ill-fed, and poorly paid militia that shifted its allegiances as battles were won or lost and as new leaders came to power. Between

1425:

provisions, and judicialization of the field of military operations. Lt. Gen. Guerrier stated that this manual will be the basis on which military law enforcement will be based. In his speech, Minister Berthier Antoine emphasized that the Haitian military must operate to the level and norms similar

641:

The main mission of Haiti's armed forces in the late 1980s continued to be internal security. After 1986, however, this mission regularly conflicted with the national leadership role of the FAd'H. Generational and political differences among officers and a scarcity of resources for the military led

510:

The United States occupation of Haiti brought order and resulted in some economic and social development. At the same time, the United States overhauled Haiti's disintegrated military infrastructure. The Gendarmerie became the Garde d'Haïti in 1928; the Garde formed the core of Haiti's armed forces

657:

Unstable and unstructured civilian politics and institutions also undermined Haiti's stability. Some Duvalierists sought to use the armed forces completely or partially to restore the ancien régime. At the same time, more democracy-oriented civilian groups, all of which lacked strong institutional

383:

demonstrated Haiti's considerable strategic stamina and tactical capabilities, but Haiti's victory did not translate into a successful national government or a strong economy. Lacking a strong constitution, Haiti was usually ruled by force. The armed forces, who had been united against the French,

1191:

In March 2023, then Haitian Prime Minister Ariel Henry signaled that he wanted to mobilize the Haitian military to deal with rising gang related violence that has swept much of the country in the wake of the crisis. After the terrorist attacks on the several prisons, including the Port-au-Prince

649:

Other security-related problems included narcotics trafficking. United States officials have expressed concern over Haiti's role as a major transshipment area for narcotics, mainly Colombian cocaine bound for the United States. This role apparently expanded after Jean-Claude Duvalier's fall. The

622:

After the collapse of the Duvalier regime in 1986, the FAd'H developed an agenda to exert national political leadership, to restore public order, and to gain control over the VSN and other paramilitary groups, but carrying out this program proved difficult, given Haiti's political, economic, and

392:

Haiti's defense fell victim to political vagaries. A readiness for battle and the initiation of defense-related engineering projects in the early 19th century turned out to be costly preparation for conflict against phantom armies. The engineering projects included construction of the citadel of

699:

Without its own military, Haiti relies heavily on United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces. The multinational force has been responsible for quelling riots and preparing for democratic elections. Before UN forces arrived, a multilateral force made up of troops from Canada, Chile, France, and the

1532:

On September 4th, 2024, Prime Minister Conille supervised the delivery of material purchased by the government, including weapons, to the armed forces. The details and what the purchase included is not yet known. The batch was part of the transitional government's dedication to increasing the

645:

The challenges facing the FAd'H in the late 1980s were more political than military. The largest and most immediate questions revolved around the institution's ability to govern Haiti during a period of political transition and modernization. It remained unclear, in mid-1989, how and when the

1517:’s visit to Port-au-Prince in 2019. In August 2024, part of 400 total personal protection kits were donated to the FAd'H via the Taiwan Embassy. The outgoing ambassador Wen-Jiann Ku reiterated that Taiwan has been a supporter of the Haitian Armed Forces since its remobilization. "... 2828: 720:

termination. According to the announcement, the government wanted to recruit about 500 men and women, between the ages of 18 and 25, who have passed their secondary education exams. The role of the army would be to help deal with natural disasters and to patrol Haitian borders.

550:

within the broader framework of United States strategic interests in the Caribbean. The fact that the FAd'H deployed relatively few of its units along the Dominican border, despite a history of conflicts with its neighbor, reflects Haiti's limited national security concerns.

653:

Paul's continued service in the army posed a political problem, and Avril asked him to retire. In November 1988, however, Paul died mysteriously, possibly a victim of poisoning. Paul's death removed a major narcotics figure and a potential threat to Avril's political power.

2343:"Rencontre fructueuse avec Mme Joanna Yolanda Gómez Rodriguez, chargée d'affaires a.i du Mexique en Haïti. Nous avons discuté du renforcement de la coopération haïtiano-mexicaine en matière de défense, en mettant l'accent sur le soutien du Mexique à la formation militaire" 3086:"Allocution du ministre de la Défense, Jean Marc Berthier Antoine, lors de la cérémonie de présentation du manuel de formation en Droits de l'Homme de la Garde Nationale et de remise de certificats aux formateurs des formateurs et aux formateurs formés aux Droits Humains" 2166:"J'ai reçu la visite de l'Ambassadeur d'Argentine, S.E.M. César Alberto Faes, le mercredi 19 Juin au MAE. La collaboration fraternelle entre l'Argentine 🇦🇷 et Haïti 🇭🇹 renforce les liens historiques entres nos peuples, à travers notamment la coopération militaire" 914:

The Haitian Navy existed in the 19th century and parts of the 20th century. In the 1900s, the fleet mostly consisted of gunboats and other small vessels before the U.S. occupation in 1915, at which point almost all of its ships were sold. After 1915, only two unarmed

1381:) that was trained. In December of that year, the second class of soldiers formed in Haiti, composed of 409 soldiers (92 being women), swore allegiance as member of the Armed Forces on the grounds of the Military Aviation Base, in the presence of then Prime Minister 446:

The Haitian Navy was created in 1860 with the commissioning of a single gunboat. Two additional gunboats entered service in 1875 followed by a corvette ten years later. By 1900 three British and French-built gunboats had been launched. In 1902 the Haitian gunboat

1417:, International Humanitarian Rights, as well Gender Equity. The training manual in human rights of the National Guard Unit was also revealed. The program was initiated by former PM Ariel Henry, orchestrated by the Ministry of Defense in collaboration with the 2251:"Rencontre fructueuse avec l'ambassadeur des USA, S.E.M. Dennis B. Hankins aujourd'hui au local du ministère. Nous avons discuté de la MMAS, de la coopération haitiano-américaine en matière de défense avec un accent sur la formation des militaires haïtiens" 1196:), and several police stations the weekend of March 2, 2024, the Haitian military was deployed to the Toussaint Louverture International Airport to repel the gang assaults of March 4, 2024, defend and secure the airport. They were also task to protect the 1410:.On August 1st, 2024 a recruitment campaign for enlisted troops was launched by the Ministry of Defense as part of the transitional government's objective to tackle insecurity plaguing the country; a goal to recruit at least 1500 troops was set. 2325:"J'ai eu une très belle rencontre avec l'Ambassadeur de l'Argentine en Haïti, S.E.M. César Faes. Nous avons discuté de la formation des militaires haïtiens et du renforcement de la coopération entre nos deux pays dans les domaines de la Défense" 1156:

The plans of modernization of the Armed Forces of Haiti included making it a professional military, a force that was more than just a lethal arm. Hence, The first component of the remobilized Armed Forces was the Corps of Engineers (CORGE).

1080:

would select Guerrier, who had just been promoted to Brigadier General days prior, to take the helm of the Armed Forces in the battle against gangs and terrorism. On August 20th, 2024, Guerrier would officially be promoted to Lt. General by

589:

After the establishment of the Duvalier regime in 1957, various external threats have had little impact on Haiti's security. The Duvaliers' tight control eliminated all Marxist influences in the country, thus minimizing the effects of the

2852:"Ce matin, sont revenus en Haïti les 150 membres des FADH @MDefenseHT, après un voyage effectué au Mexique, le 8 octobre dernier, afin de subir une formation de la @GN_MEXICO_, dans le cadre de la coopération entre le Mexique et Haïti" 290:, is composed of the Haitian Land Army, the Haitian Navy, and the Haitian Aviation Corps. The Force has about 2000 active personnel as of 2023, with the army and aviation corps being active, and navy personnel still in formation. 514:

After the United States occupation ended, the Haitian military was given the responsibility to ensure domestic law and order. This concern with internal, rather than with external security, endured throughout the 20th century.

905:

After remobilization of Haitian Army by President Jovenel Moïse, Haitian Army will purchase military ground vehicles from Russia, China, Brazil, South Korea, and Israel in 2019 as part of an overall re-equipment plan.

601:

Threats to Haiti's internal security, however, have been numerous during the past four decades. Between 1968 and 1970, the government repulsed three invasions supported by exiled Haitians. In 1970 the Coast Guard

2307:"J'ai eu une rencontre productive avec l'Ambassadeur de France en Haïti, S.E.M. Fabrice Mauriès. Nous avons échangé sur un renforcement de la coopération entre Haïti et la France dans les domaines de la Défense" 1700:

For ceremonies and parades, enlisted member will wear long-sleeved khaki shirts with khaki ties. Officers wear a khaki jacket, with a red blue and red chord on the left shoulder, a white shirt and a black tie.

2269:"Aujourd'hui, j'ai tenu une séance de travail avec une délégation américaine, en compagnie de certains membres du Haut État-Major des Forces Armées d'Haïti. Nous avons discuté des questions liées à la Défense" 2691:"@SEDENAmx llevó a cabo la ceremonia de bienvenida e inicio del "Curso Intensivo de Formación de Sargentos 1/os. y 2/os. de las Fuerzas Armadas de Haití", en la Escuela Militar de Sargentos, #Puebla, Pue" 692:, with the help of the United States and the United Nations. Yet, to date there has been no official constitutional amendment to abolish the military. The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti ( 2446:"Le Premier ministre, Dr Garry Conille, a participé à la cérémonie de remise d'un lot de 400 Kits d'équipements de protection individuelle à la Police et à l'Armée d'Haïti. Un don de Taïwan !" 606:. The Coast Guard's five ships, low on fuel and ammunition, went into exile at the United States military base at Guantánamo, Cuba. In the early 1980s, Haitian military forces and members of the 443:

to deploy to the country's ports fifteen times between 1876 and 1913 in order to protect American lives and property, and the United States Marines to occupy the whole country from 1915 to 1934.

1421:

Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH). This manual is indented to train current and future soldier on topics including rules of engagement, protection of human rights in conflict and combat zones,

762:

to Haiti, Fabrice Mauriès, stated that France was open to military cooperation with Haiti and that discussions were had with the Haitian government to form servicemembers in their bases in the

3002: 1533:

military's operational capacities in supporting the Haitian National Police in operations, and better respond to other national crisis, such as securing the borders and natural disasters.

2663: 3118: 2424: 1996: 3246: 1334:, Mexico. On August 16, 2019, the first class of servicemembers formed in Haiti, composed of 248 soldiers, 50 NCOs, and 15 officers, would graduate from the recruiting depot at the 507:; to promote development, particularly road construction; and to modernize the military through the introduction of a training structure, a health service, and other improvements. 412:

During the second half of the 19th century, the army either failed to protect the central government or directly caused the government's collapse. Rural insurgent movements led by

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and combat boots, as part of an acquisition of equipment by the Haitian government. This pattern has since become standard issue for combat uniforms for both the Army and the

3375: 4088: 3522: 2960: 2086: 409:

1806 and 1879, an estimated 69 revolts against existing governments took place; another twenty uprisings, or attempted insurrections, broke out between 1908 and 1915.

1357:

in order to facilitate the formation of new soldiers on Haitian soil. Another company of 150 soldiers would go to Mexico to get a formation by the Mexican Army and

4522: 1803: 1525:

on September 2nd, 2024. Ku also showed his satisfaction with other international partners showing the will to support, supply, and work with the Armed Forces. "...

135: 2138: 495:

The United States Marines disbanded Haiti's army, which consisted of an estimated 9,000 men, including 308 generals. In February 1916, the Haitian Constabulary (

330:

and returned to Haitian command, before being renamed the Army of Haiti in 1947. Finally, it was changed to the Armed Forces of Haiti in 1958 during the rule of

703:

Haiti has no obvious external threats. Tensions have long existed between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, but the current border has been fixed since 1936.

3144:"Jodi a, mwen patisipe nan sipèvizyon resepsyon yon lo materyèl ak zam pou Lame d Ayiti k ap pote kole ak PNH nan operasyon pou rekipere zòn bandi okipe yo" 1279:

administration, as part of a cooperation accord between the two countries dating back to 2010, and revised in 2015. The soldiers of the Corps of Engineers (

2599: 2500: 3801: 2646: 4367: 405:. Controlling the whole island, however, drained the national treasury and induced torpor in the battle-hardened veterans of the wars of independence. 1527:

After discussions with the authorities, Taiwan will furnish other equipment to the army and they are already on their way to be delivered to Haiti."

1692:. A cap frame with a black visor, khaki cap cover, is also part of the uniform, where officers have a gold strap, and enlisted have a black strap. 1017:

The current FAd'H, has about 2000 members, the exact number is not known. As of 2024, only the Army and the Aviation Corps are fully operational.

420:

limited the central government's authority in outlying areas. These groups carried on war into the 20th century; they were finally put down by the

143: 2425:"Le gouvernement Haïtien reçoit un lot de 400 kits d'équipements de protection personnelle pour la Police et l'Armée d'Haïti – République d'Haïti" 3298: 2410: 1205: 626: 503:

officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) commanded the group. The Gendarmerie attempted to secure public safety, initially by subduing the

808: 531: 527: 839:

The army and air force were the better equipped branches of the armed forces, with the navy the least equipped over the years and up to 1994.

774:

stated, although it had not changed its general policy on the Haitian military, it could provide non-lethal aid to the Armed Forces of Haiti.

4454: 4080: 4068: 3641: 2360: 2712: 1200:

and the port of Port-au-Prince. As of August 27th 2024, Prime Minister Conille confirmed that the Armed Forces were operating alongside the

4219: 3922: 3024: 4192: 673: 1483: 767: 3323: 2387: 1593:*Records of small arms acquisitions are not publics. The list is a compilation of weapons pictured being carried by soldiers on duty. 2873: 2901:"Mots du Ministre de La Défense, Dr Enold Joseph, À L'Occasin du 219E Anniversaire de La Bataille de Vertières, Le 18 Novembre 2022" 2749: 2931: 1743:) base in Clercine, Port-au-Prince (next door to Toussaint Louverture International Airport). The Base Commander is Aviation Corps 3424: 3003:"Avión de la Fuerza Aérea Mexicana aterriza en Haití, para continuar proyectos estratégicos de cooperación de México con ese país" 781:

Government, and the appointment of Jean Marc Berthier Antoine as Minister of Defense in June 2024, meeting have been had with the

3794: 2139:"ALCONU: Taiana mantuvo reuniones bilaterales con el representante de las Naciones Unidas y los ministros de Haití y Costa Rica" 684:), Haiti disbanded its military in 1995. Haiti's National Assembly created new civilian law enforcement, with the heavily armed 4148: 3965: 3862: 1724: 1653: 1491: 812: 634: 81: 748:

in the objectives of exploring avenues of cooperation, more precisely in the field of reorganization and modernization of the

484: 4330: 3672: 3653: 3610: 3349: 2664:"Ceremonia de bienvenida e inicio del "Curso Intensivo de Formación de Sgtos. 1/os. y 2/os. de las Fuerzas Armadas de Haití"" 2550: 4715: 3272: 2526: 1859: 939: 672:

After years of military interference in politics, including dozens of military coups (from two Duvalier-period attempts in

2624: 342:, Haiti disbanded its military in 1995. The Haitian National Police was established that same year to take over security. 4399: 4276: 3912: 595: 1114:

And actively achieve readiness to develop technologies and scientifical advances for the advancement of national defense

4546: 4187: 3787: 819:

for training with the French Forces to the Antilles.On August 29, 2024, Taiwan donated personal protection kits to the

4389: 4335: 4291: 4286: 4269: 4264: 4064: 3927: 3822: 3702: 2201: 1182: 1070: 771: 471: 339: 311: 4568: 3852: 3620:

Gerlus, Jean-Claude (1996). "Revolution and Nation-State Formation: The Economic Origins of the Haitian Military".

3119:"En fin de mission, l'ambassadeur de Taïwan en Haïti, Wen-Jiann KU satisfait de la coopération entre les deux pays" 335: 2790: 1047:) is a work in progress with officers and NCOs currently being formed, by Argentina at the Escuela Naval Militar. 4846: 4685: 4556: 4439: 4161: 2719: 1957: 3523:"Un contingent de 100 soldats va former l'unité des forces spéciales des Forces Armées d'Haïti . Le Nouvelliste" 4303: 4018: 1775:

Manpower available for military service: 2,047,083 males age 16–49, 2,047,953 females age 16–49 (2008 estimate)

790: 427:

At the beginning of the 20th century, Haiti's political instability provoked interference of the great powers (

4315: 4310: 3714:, Presence, prevention and persuasion – A Historical Analysis of Military Force. Edward Rhodes, 2004 p 160–161 3450: 3195: 716:

In July 2017 the BBC announced that Haiti's government had launched a campaign to re-establish the army after

681: 677: 349:. The Army was reestablished in 2018. The President suspended the previous executive orders by then President 4606: 1197: 2113: 948: 4886: 4419: 4325: 3693:

Smigielski, Adam & Jaskula, Andrzej M. (1986). "Haiti". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).

3548: 2478: 118: 2224: 4634: 4539: 4177: 4092: 3867: 3827: 3767: 3740: 1778:

Manpower fit for military service: 1,303,743 males age 16–49, 1,332,316 females age 16–49 (2008 estimate)

745: 700:

United States helped stabilize the country under the interim leadership of President Boniface Alexandre.

125: 1614:

The uniform used by servicemen at work on the field varies, having been introduced at different times.

379:. A decade of warfare produced a military cadre from which Haiti's early leaders emerged. Defeat of the 4881: 4490: 4362: 4352: 4141: 4108: 4048: 3932: 3847: 1553: 1509:

so far has been the largest international donor to the FAd'H. 100 sets of protection equipment and 100

852: 667: 421: 4658: 4529: 3877: 3773: 1798: 1781:

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: 105,655 males, 104,376 females (2008 estimate)

1318:

As part of the bilateral cooperation accord between Mexico and Haiti, signed on October 7th 2018, 50

603: 402: 365: 254: 2190:. Ambassade de la République d'Haiti près le Royaume d'Espagne. 7 October 2021 – via Facebook. 1426:

to those of the neighboring nations, while protecting human rights and promoting democratic values.

496: 4810: 4512: 4434: 4394: 4038: 3998: 3970: 3907: 3887: 3724: 1319: 3402:

Lame d'Haiti fenk depwaye chand mas ak 5 cha blennde tout tout bandi Izo , Vitelom komanse tranble

570: 523:

The Haitian Coast Guard was created in the late 1930s. The Haitian Air Force was created in 1943.

4563: 4444: 4404: 4182: 4084: 4023: 3917: 3902: 1657: 1358: 1201: 1086: 1029: 685: 266: 4748: 1660:, mainly the Presidential Palace Guard Unit (USGPN), which also uses a woodland MARPAT variant. 786: 736:. In 2021, talks were held between Dr. Louis Marie Montfort Saintil, the Ambassador of Haiti in 696:) has been authorized to complete the disarmament and demobilization of any remaining militias. 394: 4611: 4575: 4409: 4281: 3832: 3575:"Ministère de la Défense - Haïti, 220e anniversaire de la victoire de la bataille de Vertières" 2961:"Un contingent de 100 soldats va former l'unité des forces spéciales des Forces Armées d'Haïti" 2404: 1818: 1785: 1522: 1312: 1292: 927: 862: 724:

Members of the Haitian military are being trained and formed through military cooperation with

574: 397:

in northern Haiti. Soon afterward, Haiti turned its attention toward the rest of the island of

350: 186: 2777:"Graduation de La Première Promotion des FAd'H: Une Journée Historique Pour Le Peuple Haïtien" 2087:"Signature d'un accord de coopération entre les ministres haïtien et équatorien de la Défense" 4738: 4705: 4675: 4500: 4480: 4357: 4320: 4246: 4134: 4003: 3892: 3842: 2188:"Une nouvelle approche de la coopération entre la République d'Haïti et le Royaume d'Espagne" 1684:

shirt and pants (skirt optional for women) returned to service, as seen commonly worn by the

1637: 1455: 1171: 1025: 847:

The equipment of the last standing army, most of it from the United States, was taken by the

428: 4616: 4601: 4505: 4424: 4414: 4199: 4043: 3988: 3950: 3897: 3857: 3837: 2855: 2694: 2169: 1813: 886: 481: 449: 315: 196: 3730: 2165: 331: 8: 4815: 4785: 4495: 4345: 4241: 4100: 4072: 4060: 4033: 4028: 4013: 4008: 3993: 3960: 3247:"Journal d'Haïti et des Amériques - Haïti: la guerre des gangs se poursuit à Cité Soleil" 1434: 1082: 1006: 689: 488: 380: 298: 3143: 2851: 2577: 2059: 559: 4780: 4763: 4710: 4680: 4644: 4551: 4485: 4377: 4236: 3735: 3629: 1744: 1475:, it also currently serves as the recruitment and formation center of the Armed Forces. 1422: 1399: 1392: 1061: 543: 535: 500: 440: 376: 294: 140: 2225:"Biden turns to little-known power, Ukraine playbook to help Haiti police fight gangs" 4820: 4805: 4795: 4695: 4468: 4449: 4340: 4096: 3955: 3698: 3668: 3649: 3606: 3299:"Haitian Government Aims to Mobilize Armed Forces Against Criminals . Le Nouvelliste" 3104: 3085: 3067: 3049: 2988: 2915: 2900: 2776: 2734: 2445: 2342: 2324: 2306: 2286: 2268: 2250: 2187: 1542: 1510: 1366: 1186: 801: 758:. In April 2024, on in interview on Haitian news outlet Metropole, The ambassador of 581: 454: 356:

As of 2024, the number of active members is estimated in the range of 1500 to 2000.

2690: 90: 4839: 4800: 4725: 4700: 4639: 4629: 4589: 4298: 4256: 4226: 4209: 4169: 3574: 3502: 2813: 2361:"Haiti's army wants recruits to fight gangs, and youths jump at the rare job offer" 1354: 591: 2528:

Lyetnan jeneral Derby Guerrier enstale kòm nouvo kòmandan chèf a i Fòs Lame Dayiti

2028: 1860:"Le premier ministre haïtien sollicite l'armée pour contrer la violence des gangs" 4753: 4743: 4690: 4204: 4116: 4112: 3477:"Mise en place du Bureau des Officiers Généraux (BOG) au Ministère de la Défense" 3005:(Press release) (in Spanish). Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 28 August 2023 2600:"Première opération conjointe de la PNH, des FADH et de la MMAS à Port-au-Prince" 1529:, he said, confirming that additional military equipment are already on the way. 1300: 1276: 868: 611: 334:. After years of military interference in politics, including dozens of military 279: 74: 37: 3476: 1671:

started fielding the US Woodland Pattern to replace the woodland MARPAT pattern.

1377:. That company upon their return to Haiti would become the National Guard Unit ( 1040:) has it's garrison at the Military Aviation Base (also known as Bowen Field). 453:

had a brief engagement with a German warship. The Admiral of the Haitian fleet,

4855: 4790: 4773: 4768: 4670: 4621: 4534: 4251: 4214: 4104: 3982: 2750:"Haïti-Sécurité: Graduation de la première promotion des Forces Armées D'Haïti" 1808: 1685: 1459: 1418: 1403: 1074: 607: 97: 3400: 3221:"Haïti: les ressortissants français évacués vers Fort-de-France en Martinique" 1413:

On August 29th 2024, 20 officers and NCOs graduated from a training course on

4875: 4758: 4231: 4076: 3978: 3762: 3598: 3376:"Graduation de 250 soldats des Forces Armées d'Haïti ce 14 août | Loop Haiti" 3105:"Visite du Commandant en Chef des Forces Armées d'Haïti à la Base de Léogâne" 2501:"General Derby Guerrier Assumes Official Command of the Haitian Armed Forces" 1649: 1645: 1641: 1387: 1362: 1331: 1304: 1077: 892: 874: 859: 828: 824: 794: 778: 630: 436: 432: 346: 261: 3779: 1964:. Petite Riviere de l'Artibonite, Haiti. Associated Press. 16 September 2013 526:

Haiti became a party to a number of international agreements, including the

4860: 2932:"409 nouveaux soldats intègrent les Forces Armées d'Haïti . Le Nouvelliste" 1689: 1562: 1514: 1468: 1429:

In September 2024, members of the FAd'H are expected to start traveling to

1414: 1398:

In 2023, 113 soldiers from the National Guard Unit travelled to Mexico for

1339: 1327: 1240: 804: 563: 547: 3872: 1628: 1625:

color uniform during basic training, which work carry over into service.

1005:

The ships from the fleet that existed in the 1980s was handed over to the

4733: 1622: 1382: 3633: 766:. After the Haitian military successfully repelled terrorist attacks on 476: 47: 4429: 3683: 1441:. The training courses that they will participate in is not yet known. 1430: 1374: 816: 782: 398: 2389:

L'ambassadeur Fabrice Mauriès s'exprime sur son bilan avant son départ

1714: 1663: 1295:. Additionally, in 2015, 40 Commissioned Officers were formed at the " 800:

On August 22nd, the chargé d'affaires of Haiti to Argentina, met with

1586: 1547: 1350: 1102:

Serve and defend the nation against all enemies, foreign or domestic.

880: 733: 2625:"Renforcement de la coopération militaire entre Haïti et l'Equateur" 1656:. It is said that the change was to differentiate from units of the 1020:

The Headquarters of the Armed Forces of Haiti (officially named the

3688:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 3579: 3507: 2735:"FAd'H: Retour Au Pays D'Un Groupe de 50 Soldats Formés Au Mexique" 2461: 2459: 2291: 1580: 1487: 1472: 1438: 999: 916: 763: 717: 693: 1108:

Establish doctrines for the various operations it has to undertake

4126: 3974: 3761:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3350:"Haitian army set to make controversial return after two decades" 2918:(Press release) (in French). Port-au-Prince – via Facebook. 2916:"Après Une Formation Au Mexique, 150 Militaires Rentrent Au Pays" 2859: 2816:(Press release) (in French). Port-au-Prince – via Facebook. 2698: 2173: 1644:

pattern uniforms would put on display by troops, worn with green

1272: 848: 741: 725: 353:

who suspended and disbanded the armed forces on 6 December 1995.

345:

On 17 November 2017, the armed forces were restored by President

3425:"Haïti se dote d'un haut état-major pour son armée reconstituée" 2456: 1739:

The main base of the Aviation Corps is the "Military Aviation" (

1497:

Corps of Engineers Base, Bicentenaire Boulevard, Port-au-Prince.

1085:

and installed as acting commander in chief in a ceremony at the

3102: 2986: 2913: 2898: 2826: 2811: 2774: 2732: 1618: 1506: 1370: 1221:

The Haitian Army is currently composed of the following units:

759: 729: 238: 226: 214: 3025:"Haitian Armed Forces Aim to Recruit 1,500 Soldiers this Year" 2202:"La France est ouverte à une coopération militaire avec Haïti" 1309:

Escuela de Formación Militar de Santo Domingo de Los Colorados

4157: 1681: 1574: 1288: 737: 538:(1945). The nation's security concerns regarding neighboring 287: 101: 3324:"Haiti aims to revive military as end of U.N. mission looms" 770:

on the afternoon of March 4, 2024 and helped secure it, the

2791:"Des soldats haïtiens se rendent au Mexique pour se former" 1617:

The first elements of the armed wore a variant of woodland

797:

to expand, modernise and improve military quality of life.

539: 4111:) are not listed. The uninhabited disputed territories of 3503:"Ministère de La Défense, 113 Militaires Rentrent Au Pays" 1858:

ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone International- (17 March 2023).

1342:. That class was trained by Mexican military instructors. 789:

of the United States (as well as representatives from the

439:). The increasing American interest in Haiti prompted the 3549:"Haïti : Cérémonie d'hommage aux héros de Vertières" 2874:"Haiti - Flash: The FAd'H now have a National Guard Unit" 1997:"Poison Suspected in Death of Haiti's Powerful Col. Paul" 898: 1890: 1841: 1839: 1804:

List of commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti

1632:

The FAd'H uses a variant of the MARPAT woodland pattern.

1471:. Previously housing the South Korean contingent of the 842: 3451:"Les FADH appelée à défendre la souveraineté nationale" 3273:"Vingt ans plus tard, l'armée fait son retour en Haïti" 3050:"Une vingtaine de militaires formés aux droits humains" 2551:"Haiti PM turns to military for help in fighting gangs" 1976: 2652:. Presidencia Republica del Ecuador. 10 November 2014. 1938: 1513:

rifles were donated during former Taiwanese president

314:

in 1915 and replaced by the American-trained and -led

111: 2987:

Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (24 September 2023).

2827:

Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (23 September 2023).

2578:"Haiti gangs try to take over Port-au-Prince airport" 1902: 1836: 1322:

of the Armed Forces of Haiti get a formation at the "

3103:

Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (30 November 2017).

2914:

Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (18 November 2022).

2899:

Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (18 November 2022).

2479:"Les Forces Armées récupèrent leur quartier général" 1914: 1131: 594:. It was not until 1986 that a communist party, the 3603:

From Glory to Disgrace: The Haitian Army, 1804-1994

2812:Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (7 November 2022). 1857: 1519:

Taiwan was the first and only supplier of the army.

585:

Artillery of the Haitian Army on 24 September 1994.

2959: 2930: 2775:Ministère de la Défense - Haïti (16 August 2019). 2085: 1995: 1926: 1878: 1755: 1688:, with black shoes (or combat boots), and a khaki 1176: 3695:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 3692: 2733:Ministère de la Défense - Haiti (15 April 2019). 2465: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2004:. Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Reuters. 7 November 1988 1123: 1022:Grand Quartier Général des Forces Armées d'Haiti) 4873: 2647:"Visita del Presidente de Haití Michel Martelly" 2248: 1764: 1482:) Base, Clercine, Port-au-Prince (next door to 1206:Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti 3697:. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 416. 3196:"Arms For Allies: Taiwan's Military Donations" 2793:(in French). Radio Métropole. 8 September 2022 2114:"Cooperación con las Fuerzas Armadas de Haití" 2016: 1769: 1347:Centro de Adiestramiento de Fuerzas Especiales 1208:, in the neighborhoods of Bel-Air and Solino. 922:Before 1915 the fleet included the following: 532:Charter of the Organization of American States 528:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 4142: 3809: 3795: 3685:Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies 2849: 2575: 2481:(in French). Radio Métropole. 7 February 2018 2060:"Haiti to reform army after 20 years without" 1111:Participate in military mobilization programs 310:The Indigenous Army was disbanded during the 4095:) is not listed. The uninhabited islands of 3667:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 2450:Facebook, Primature de la République d'Haïti 1165: 325: 319: 302: 29: 2831:(Press release) (in French). Port-au-Prince 2627:(in French). Radio Métropole. 6 August 2014 2409:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2249:Berthier Antoine, Jean Marc (3 July 2024). 2204:(in French). Radio Métropole. 22 April 2024 1450:Headquarters of the Armed Forces of Haiti ( 1345:In 2022, 29 NCOs would get trained at the " 1307:would obtain an 8 months formation at the " 1009:following the disbandment of the military. 465: 457:, scuttled his ship rather than surrender. 375:The origins of Haiti's military lie in the 293:The Haitian military originated during the 4149: 4135: 3802: 3788: 2929:Celestin, Jean Junior (22 December 2022). 2524: 1958:"Haiti a step closer to having army again" 1621:. Later, recruits would be issued a solid 1484:Toussaint Louverture International Airport 1140: 1038:Corps d'Aviation des Forces Armées d'Haiti 768:Toussaint Louverture International Airport 610:(VSN) defeated a small exile force on the 46: 3090:Facebook, Ministère de la Défense - Haïti 3072:Facebook, Ministère de la Défense - Haïti 3054:Facebook, Ministère de la Défense - Haïti 2748:Revange, Pierre Lunick (15 August 2019). 2054: 2052: 2029:"About this Collection – Country Studies" 1609: 1494:, it also houses the National Guard Unit. 1266: 577:of the Haitian Army on 24 September 1994. 566:of the Haitian Air Force in October 1969. 518: 3662: 2958:Celestin, Jean Junior (28 August 2023). 2957: 2928: 1944: 1662: 1627: 625: 580: 569: 558: 499:) was formed. United States Marines and 475: 2747: 2576:Buschschlüter, Vanessa (5 March 2024). 2222: 1452:Grand Quartier des Forces Armée d'Haiti 919:were kept for the Haitian coast guard. 637:Marchetti S-211 prior to flight in 1990 617: 4874: 3712:The US Navy in the Caribbean 1903–1920 3619: 2688: 2049: 1920: 1896: 1725:Aviation Corps (Armed Forces of Haiti) 1391:" after one of the originators of the 1255:Agriculture Section (Séction Agricole) 834: 813:Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic 4130: 3783: 3597: 2548: 2385: 2223:Charles, Jacqueline (12 April 2024). 2163: 1932: 1908: 1884: 1845: 1501: 843:Small Arms/Artillery/Armored vehicles 831:with pouches, gloves, and knee pads. 4368:List of revolutions and coups d'état 3681: 3640: 3546: 2347:Facebook, Jean Marc Berthier Antoine 2329:Facebook, Jean Marc Berthier Antoine 2311:Facebook, Jean Marc Berthier Antoine 2273:Facebook, Jean Marc Berthier Antoine 2255:Facebook, Jean Marc Berthier Antoine 1982: 1285:Escuela Superior Militar Eloy Alfaro 1073:and the Council of Ministers led by 1050: 1024:seats at its historical site on the 608:Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale 487:, with the head of the gendarmerie, 3547:Jean, Anderson (18 November 2023). 3175:from the original on 22 August 2019 3160: 2850:Embamex Haití (18 November 2022). 1118: 596:Unified Party of Haitian Communists 13: 4188:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 4156: 2164:Dupuy, Dominique (21 June 2024). 1675: 1433:for continuing formation with the 1275:between 2012 and 2017, during the 1271:The initial troops were formed in 809:Chief of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 554: 14: 4898: 4065:Federal Dependencies of Venezuela 3718: 3665:The Military and Society in Haiti 3107:(in French) – via Facebook. 2991:(in French) – via Facebook. 2989:"113 MILITAIRES RENTRENT AU PAYS" 2903:(in French) – via Facebook. 2829:"113 Militaires Rentrent Au Pays" 2779:(in French) – via Facebook. 2737:(in French) – via Facebook. 1729: 1636:On January 1st, 2024, during the 1297:Escuela de Formación de Soldados" 1204:and the Kenyan contingent of the 1071:Transitional Presidential Council 772:United States Department of State 472:United States occupation of Haiti 312:United States occupation of Haiti 286:) are the military forces of the 16:Combined military forces of Haiti 3923:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3756: 3193: 1695: 1521:", he said in an interview with 1151: 1028:, across from the ground of the 403:controlled between 1822 and 1844 401:(La Isla Española), which Haiti 231: 219: 207: 3567: 3540: 3515: 3495: 3469: 3443: 3417: 3393: 3368: 3342: 3316: 3291: 3265: 3239: 3213: 3187: 3154: 3136: 3111: 3096: 3078: 3060: 3042: 3017: 2995: 2980: 2951: 2922: 2907: 2892: 2866: 2843: 2820: 2805: 2783: 2768: 2741: 2726: 2722:. 1 September 2019. p. 91. 2720:Secretariat of National Defense 2705: 2682: 2656: 2639: 2617: 2592: 2569: 2542: 2518: 2493: 2471: 2438: 2417: 2379: 2353: 2335: 2317: 2299: 2279: 2261: 2242: 2216: 2194: 2180: 2157: 2145:(in Spanish). 11 September 2023 2131: 2106: 2078: 1988: 1784:Military expenditures: 0.4% of 1709: 1211: 1177:Haitian Gang War (2024–present) 1012: 706: 460: 387: 324:). In 1934, it was renamed the 85:Haitian Navy (Marine Haitienne) 4304:Anti-Duvalier protest movement 2549:Sanon, Evens (17 March 2023). 2094:(in French). 24 September 2012 1950: 1851: 1704: 1248:Medical & Sanitary Corps ( 1160: 791:United States Southern Command 711: 661: 1: 3279:(in French). 19 November 2017 2525:TELE GINEN (20 August 2024). 2466:Smigielski & Jaskula 1986 1824: 1589:(for parades and ceremonies)* 1536: 1402:training, becoming the first 1198:Bank of the Republic of Haiti 1183:Haitian crisis (2018–present) 4049:United States Virgin Islands 3994:Collectivity of Saint Martin 3663:Laguerre, Michel S. (1993). 3164:蔡英文訪海地受軍禮歡迎安全部隊各式軍品、步槍皆台灣贈予 1829: 1765:Reorganization and Formation 1750: 1554:Smith & Wesson M&P15 1324:Escuela Militar de Sargentos 1105:Maintain the national border 284:Forces Armées d'Haïti; FAd'H 7: 3741:Central Intelligence Agency 3682:Metz, Helen Chapin (2001). 2697:) (in Spanish) – via 2689:SEDENA (21 January 2019). 1792: 1770:Military related statistics 1667:Starting January 2024, the 1596: 1444: 877:105 mm towed howitzers 777:Since the formation of the 746:Spanish Air and Space Force 623:foreign policy situations. 10: 4903: 4089:San Andrés and Providencia 3483:(in French). 14 April 2021 3457:(in French). 20 March 2023 3431:(in French). 29 March 2018 3227:(in French). 25 March 2024 2858:) (in French) – via 2172:) (in French) – via 1722: 1717:Corps d'Aviation des FAd'H 1604: 1385:. The class was baptized " 1260:Unité des Forces Spéciales 1180: 1169: 1096: 853:Operation Uphold Democracy 744:Carlos Sanchez Bas of the 680:to the last one staged in 668:Operation Uphold Democracy 665: 469: 422:United States Marine Corps 370: 363: 359: 130:Jean Marc Berthier Antoine 4833: 4724: 4666: 4657: 4597: 4588: 4476: 4467: 4385: 4376: 4277:Unification of Hispaniola 4168: 4057: 4034:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3941: 3815: 3810:Military of North America 3774:Federal Research Division 3646:The Military Balance 2023 3253:(in French). 18 July 2022 1799:Military history of Haiti 1166:2021 Earthquake in Nippes 480:Haitian gendarmes of the 366:Military history of Haiti 260: 255:Military history of Haiti 250: 245: 202: 195: 185: 180: 172: 168:5,534,135, age 15–49 162: 154: 149: 134: 124: 117: 107: 89: 73: 65: 57: 45: 28: 23: 4390:Administrative divisions 4044:Turks and Caicos Islands 3605:. Universal Publishers. 3591: 3163: 2386:Juno7 (25 August 2024). 2238:– via Yahoo! News. 1715:Haitian Aviation Corps ( 1559:Juggernaut Tactical M14* 1379:Unité de Garde Nationale 1361:, in subjects including 1320:Non-commissioned officer 1227:Unité de Garde Nationale 1216: 1069:On August 7th 2024, The 1036:). The Aviation Corps ( 635:Haitian Corps d'Aviation 466:United States occupation 2557:. Port-au-Prince, Haiti 1734: 1658:Haitian National Police 1283:), were formed at the " 1202:Haitian National Police 1087:National Palace (Haiti) 909: 827:, eye protection, vest/ 686:Haitian National Police 575:Cadillac Gage Commandos 546:have been viewed since 267:Military ranks of Haiti 4326:2010s cholera outbreak 4287:Post-imperial Republic 3966:British Virgin Islands 3183:– via Yahoo! 新聞. 1819:Defence Force of Haiti 1672: 1633: 1610:Combat Utility Uniform 1359:Mexican National Guard 1313:Santo Domingo, Ecuador 1267:Training and Formation 1250:Corps Médico-Sanitaire 865:Light Armoured Vehicle 638: 586: 578: 567: 530:(the Rio Treaty), the 519:Post-occupation period 492: 351:Jean-Bertrand Aristide 326: 320: 303: 283: 95:Grand Quartier Général 82:Haitian Aviation Corps 30: 4336:Crisis (2018–present) 4083:) is not listed. The 4071:) is not listed. The 3971:Caribbean Netherlands 3913:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3648:. London: Routledge. 2839:– via Facebook. 2555:Associated Press News 1666: 1631: 1293:commissioned officers 1281:Corps du Génie, CORGE 1258:Special Forces Unit ( 1225:National Guard Unit ( 1172:2021 Haiti earthquake 887:Heckler & Koch G3 871:75 mm towed guns 756:Armed Forces of Haiti 666:Further information: 629: 584: 573: 562: 479: 470:Further information: 276:Armed Forces of Haiti 31:Forces Armées d'Haïti 24:Armed Forces of Haiti 4749:Citadelle Laferrière 4716:Water and sanitation 4455:World Heritage Sites 4200:Atlantic slave trade 3413:– via YouTube. 3161:蘇仲泓 (18 July 2019). 2538:– via YouTube. 2399:– via YouTube. 1866:(in Canadian French) 1814:Gendarmerie of Haiti 1232:Corps of Engineers ( 1194:Pénitencier National 979:Toussaint-Louverture 932:(1910–1911) renamed 851:in the 1990s during 618:Post-Duvalier period 4887:Government of Haiti 4540:Chamber of Deputies 4523:Commanders-in-chief 4061:dependent territory 3928:Trinidad and Tobago 3823:Antigua and Barbuda 3583:. 18 November 2023. 3553:Vant Bèf Info (VBI) 3150:. 4 September 2024. 2002:The Washington Post 1985:, pp. 477–479. 1899:, pp. 240–242. 1478:Military Aviation ( 1435:French Armed Forces 1083:Edgard Leblanc Fils 1045:La Marine Haitienne 1007:Haitian Coast Guard 926:Ex-Italian cruiser 835:Former organization 690:Haitian Coast Guard 497:Gendarmerie d'Haïti 489:Douglas C. McDougal 321:Gendarmerie d'Haïti 126:Minister of Defense 112:https://md.gouv.ht/ 4821:The Unknown Maroon 4635:Telecommunications 4237:Haitian Revolution 4220:Colonial governors 4193:Colonial governors 3863:Dominican Republic 3743:. 20 November 2008 3736:The World Factbook 3356:. 19 November 2017 2880:. 20 November 2022 2713:Informe de Labores 2118:embamex.sre.gob.mx 1745:Lieutenant colonel 1741:Aviation Militaire 1673: 1634: 1502:Military Equipment 1480:Aviation Militaire 1423:Geneva Conventions 1400:special operations 1393:Haitian Revolution 1338:Military Base, in 1243:Wolsby Ted Tesnor. 1057:Commander-in-Chief 1043:The Haitian Navy ( 750:Aeronautical Corps 639: 587: 579: 568: 544:Dominican Republic 536:Act of Chapultepec 534:, and the earlier 501:United States Navy 493: 441:United States Navy 377:Haitian Revolution 295:Haitian Revolution 176:1500 - 2000 (2023) 136:Commander-in-Chief 4882:Military of Haiti 4869: 4868: 4829: 4828: 4806:Sans-Souci Palace 4653: 4652: 4584: 4583: 4547:Political parties 4491:Foreign relations 4463: 4462: 4363:List of massacres 4353:COVID-19 pandemic 4331:Hurricane Matthew 4124: 4123: 4097:Clipperton Island 3944:other territories 3725:Haitian Air Force 3674:978-1-349-13046-7 3655:978-1-032-50895-5 3622:Caribbean Studies 3612:978-1-58112-836-9 3527:lenouvelliste.com 3481:Radio Vision 2000 3429:Outre-mer la 1ère 3328:The Seattle Times 3303:lenouvelliste.com 3123:lenouvelliste.com 3092:. 30 August 2024. 3074:. 30 August 2024. 3056:. 30 August 2024. 3029:lenouvelliste.com 2604:lenouvelliste.com 2505:lenouvelliste.com 2452:. 29 August 2024. 2275:. 13 August 2024. 1911:, pp. 52–53. 1848:, pp. 40–41. 1646:ballistic helmets 1543:T91 assault rifle 1355:drill instructors 1351:Temamatla, Mexico 1187:Gang war in Haiti 1090: 1051:Command Structure 825:ballistic helmets 802:Brigadier general 787:chargé d'affaires 455:Hammerton Killick 332:François Duvalier 288:Republic of Haiti 272: 271: 203:Foreign suppliers 155:Military age 4894: 4849: 4842: 4664: 4663: 4625: 4595: 4594: 4474: 4473: 4383: 4382: 4316:2004 coup d'état 4311:1991 coup d'état 4299:Duvalier dynasty 4210:Peace of Ryswick 4151: 4144: 4137: 4128: 4127: 4029:Saint Barthélemy 3942:Dependencies and 3816:Sovereign states 3804: 3797: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3777: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3708: 3689: 3678: 3659: 3637: 3616: 3585: 3584: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3405:. 1 January 2024 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3148:X, Garry Conille 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2963: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2934: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2814:"Note de presse" 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2717: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2367:. 28 August 2024 2357: 2351: 2350: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2220: 2214: 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4801:National anthem 4720: 4649: 4623: 4580: 4513:Law enforcement 4459: 4395:Arrondissements 4372: 4358:2021 earthquake 4321:2010 earthquake 4292:U.S. occupation 4183:Taíno chiefdoms 4164: 4155: 4125: 4120: 4119:are not listed. 4117:Serranilla Bank 4113:Bajo Nuevo Bank 4073:Federated state 4053: 3943: 3937: 3811: 3808: 3769:Country Studies 3766: 3757: 3746: 3744: 3729: 3721: 3705: 3675: 3656: 3613: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3330:. 19 April 2017 3322: 3321: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3169:The Storm Media 3165: 3159: 3155: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3101: 3097: 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206: 164: 96: 84: 80: 53: 52:Emblem of Haiti 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4900: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4843: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4774:Haitian French 4771: 4769:Haitian Creole 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4564:Prime Minister 4561: 4560: 4559: 4549: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4537: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4515: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4440:National parks 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4296: 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