371:
683:
599:
78:
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390:
111:
139:
2106:
36:
173:
other, less powerful entities into granting concessions through a demonstration of
Western superior military capabilities, usually represented by their naval assets. A coastal country negotiating with a Western power would notice that a warship or fleet of ships had appeared off its coast. The mere
361:
relationships. "Military diplomacy" is a sub-set of this, tending to refer only to the role of military attachés and their associated activity. Defence diplomacy does not include military operations, but subsumes such other defence activity as international personnel exchanges, ship and aircraft
274:
spelled out the nature of gunboat diplomacy in a series of works published between 1971 and 1993. In these, he defined the phenomenon as "the use or threat of limited naval force, otherwise than as an act of war, in order to secure advantage or to avert loss, either in the furtherance of an
253:
Peoples lacking the resources or technological innovations available to
Western empires found that their own peaceable relationships were readily dismantled in the face of such pressures, and some therefore came to depend on the imperialist nations for access to
928:
During World War II the Royal Air Force used Diego Garcia as a radio station, a PBY Catalina flying boat base, and by the Royal Navy as an anchorage. A garrison of Indian troops was also established.
242:, 1940s onwards) and arrange economically advantageous relationships around the world. Aside from military conquest, gunboat diplomacy was the dominant way to establish new trade relationships,
275:
international dispute or else against foreign nationals within the territory or the jurisdiction of their own state." He further broke down the concept into four key areas:
1210:
1020:
174:
sight of such power almost always had a considerable effect, and it was rarely necessary for such boats to use other measures, such as demonstrations of firepower.
1135:
185:
57:
362:
visits, high-level engagement (e.g., ministers and senior defence personnel), training and exercises, security-sector reform, and bilateral military talks.
1088:
353:", which is understood to be the peaceful application of resources from across the spectrum of defence to achieve positive outcomes in the development of
852:
Cable, James. "Gunboat
Diplomacy: Political Applications of Limited Naval Force" Chatto and Windus for the Institute for Strategic Studies, 1971, p. 10
1001:
320:(as in Europe in the northern-hemisphere summer of 1914), the massing of threatening bodies of troops near international borders (as practised by
1050:
Rowlands, K. (2012). "Decided
Preponderance at Sea”: Naval Diplomacy in Strategic Thought. Naval War College Review, 65(4), 5–5. Retrieved from
1036:
Rowlands, K. (2012). "Decided
Preponderance at Sea”: Naval Diplomacy in Strategic Thought. Naval War College Review, 65(4), 5–5. Retrieved from
1448:
1115:
182:
44:
1585:
708:
1017:
772:
976:
188:
1054:
1040:
731:
421:
1078:
Smith, Perry M., "Assignment
Pentagon: Pentagon: A Guide to the Potomac Puzzle Palace", Brassey's Publishing, 2001, p. 50.
1400:
304:
use of navies to send a political message. This aspect of gunboat diplomacy is undervalued and almost dismissed by Cable.
703:
647:
17:
1131:
370:
914:
2050:
1481:
823:
467:
2079:
1174:
1092:
122:
1193:
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484:
439:'s overwhelming sea power. U.S. administrations have frequently changed the disposition of their major naval
375:
98:
objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power, implying or constituting a direct threat of
1369:
The military enterprise of His
Majesty´s schoolships "Charlotte" and "Stein" against Haiti in December 1897
1300:
Zwischen KĂĽstenverteidigung und
Weltpolitik. Die politische Geschichte der preuĂźischen Marine 1848 bis 1867
630:
298:
a mechanism designed to buy a breathing space or present policy makers with an increased range of options.
2132:
1638:
1065:
748:
507:
1322:
Die Königlich Preußische Marine in
Lateinamerika 1851 bis 1867. Ein Versuch deutscher Kanonenbootpolitik
998:
2109:
2067:
828:
778:
742:
462:
missiles, and E-3 AWACS airborne surveillance aircraft in a more passive display of military presence.
447:
1354:
The destruction of the
Haitian rebel cruiser "Crete à Pierrot" through His Majesty´s gunboat "Panther"
1206:
Diplomacy Far Removed: A Reinterpretation of the U.S. Decision to Open Diplomatic Relations with Japan
876:
863:
766:
459:
1337:
Die deutsche Yangtse-Patrouille. Deutsche Kanonenbootpolitik in China im Zeitalter des Imperialismus
1157:
2142:
2057:
1702:
1443:
537:
1311:
Die preußisch-deutsche Marine in Lateinamerika 1866–1914. Eine Studie deutscher Kanonenbootpolitik
416:: replacing the big stick with the "juicy carrot" of American private investment. However, during
1810:
1521:
1505:
1460:
1393:
1304:
Between coastal defence and world policy. The political history of the prussian navy 1848 to 1867
881:
791:
587:
49:
1574:
1494:
1269:
Gunboat Diplomacy: Operations of the (British) North America and West Indies Squadron, 1875–1915
1905:
818:
636:
342:
292:
application of naval force to change the policy or character of the target government or group.
1112:
440:
1542:
1350:
Die Vernichtung des haitianischen Rebellenkreuzers "Crete Ă Pierrot" durch S.M.Kbt. "Panther"
1326:
The royal Prussian navy in Latin America 1851 to 1867. An attempt of German gunboat diplomacy
889:
760:
130:
404:. As the United States became a military power in the first decade of the 20th century, the
346:(1625) circumscribed the right to resort to force with what he described as "temperamenta".
2147:
2137:
1991:
1875:
1865:
1760:
1674:
1365:
Die militärische Unternehmung S.M.S.S. "Charlotte" und "Stein" gegen Haiti im Dezember 1897
1018:
http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/BB03F0E7-1F85-4E7B-B7EB-4F0418152932/0/polpaper1_def_dip.pdf
737:
713:
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216:
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in central Europe in the 1940s), or appropriately timed and situated military manoeuvres (
8:
1966:
1926:
1870:
1840:
1815:
1805:
1780:
1750:
1631:
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to influence opinion in foreign capitals. More urgent diplomatic points were made by the
420:'s presidency, conventional gunboat diplomacy did occur, most notably in the case of the
409:
231:
118:
1596:
1591:
1315:
The Prussian-German Navy in Latin America 1866–1914. A study of German Gunboat diplomacy
1188:
956:
682:
336:
Gunboat diplomacy contrasts with views held prior to the 18th century and influenced by
27:
Pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power
2097:
2024:
1986:
1981:
1961:
1956:
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1936:
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691:
658:
618:
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259:
235:
154:
125:
1601:
1341:
The German Yangtse patrol. German Gunboat diplomacy in China in the age of imperialism
396:, surveillance and radar aircraft often used in a modern-day form of gunboat diplomacy
2029:
1997:
1931:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1835:
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1785:
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1729:
1714:
1537:
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813:
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531:
470:, summed up the concept as thus: "An aircraft carrier is 100,000 tons of diplomacy."
350:
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200:
178:
870:
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1946:
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Send a Gunboat! A study of the Gunboat and its role in British policy, 1854–1904
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1971:
1941:
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1855:
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833:
725:
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624:
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451:
283:
142:
Damage to the palace complex of the sultan of Zanzibar after bombardment by
942:
Gunboat diplomacy, 1919–1991: political applications of limited naval force
581:
444:
382:
354:
337:
321:
317:
255:
239:
169: – from Europe and the United States – would
1378:
598:
2074:
1921:
1755:
1330:
PreuĂźen und Lateinamerika. Im Spannungsfeld von Kommerz, Macht und Kultur
1258:"Martial Thunder": The First Official American Armed Intervention in Asia
803:
557:
271:
162:
161:
The term "gunboat diplomacy" comes from the nineteenth-century period of
81:
2003:
1476:
602:
519:
513:
455:
393:
389:
192:
143:
1565:
110:
2019:
1684:
1409:
1230:
Gunboat Diplomacy in the Wilson Era. The U.S. Navy in Haiti 1915–1916
999:
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/prb0612-e.pdf
606:
488:
224:
77:
1051:
1037:
1016:
Link to UK Ministry of Defence paper that initiated larger dialogue
1719:
1413:
1282:
The "Sancala" Affair: Captain Voorhees Seizes an Argentine Squadron
432:
401:
196:
170:
138:
1216:
Gunboat diplomacy. Political Applications of Limited Naval Forces
204:
150:
146:
35:
1860:
1486:
1223:
Imperial skirmishes: war and gunboat diplomacy in Latin America
247:
243:
212:
230:
The effectiveness of such simple demonstrations of a nation's
903:
Bandjunis, Vytautas Blaise (2001). "How Diego Garcia Began".
957:"Grotius' Place in the Development of Legal Ideas about War"
435:
world is still largely based on naval forces, owing to the
945:(third edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan/IISS, 2016, p. 14.
99:
1237:
American Gunboat Diplomacy and the Old Navy 1877–1889
234:
capabilities meant that nations with naval power and
207:
in retaliation for the assault of a British subject,
102:
should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.
1203:
868:
282:the use of gunboat diplomacy to create or remove a
87:, an example of the use of German gunboat diplomacy
869:
867:traces the use of the phrase back as far as 1927:
458:administration) and elsewhere, using sea-launched
2124:
1113:Colombia, Gun Boat Diplomacy, The floating world
906:Diego Garcia: Creation of the Indian Ocean Base
1328:), in: Sandra Carreras/GĂĽnther Maihold (ed.):
1394:
238:could establish military bases (for example,
1089:"Air Occupation: Asking the Right Questions"
177:A notable example of gunboat diplomacy, the
1408:
1401:
1387:
688:"Go Away, Little Man, and Don't Bother Me"
400:Gunboat diplomacy is considered a form of
1360:, 13. Jahrgang, 1902, pp. 1189–1197.
902:
1132:"The slow death of the carrier air wing"
681:
597:
388:
369:
316:-based equivalents may include military
227:-born (and therefore British) Pacifico.
137:
109:
76:
60:of all important aspects of the article.
1375:, 41. Jahrgang, 1937, pp. 761–765.
1218:, London 1971 (re-edited 1981 and 1994)
14:
2125:
954:
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
1586:Conseiller chargé des investissements
1382:
1277:, Vol. XXVIII, 1968, pp. 85–112.
694:intimidating Colombia to acquire the
2105:
1138:from the original on 11 January 2018
890:participating institution membership
349:Gunboat diplomacy is distinct from "
215:, and the subsequent failure of the
29:
1288:, Vol. XXIV, 1969, pp. 174–186
473:
454:of the 1990s (in alliance with the
24:
1264:, Vol. 42, 1973, pp. 143–162.
1168:
648:Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii
422:U.S. Army's occupation of Veracruz
365:
25:
2159:
2104:
2093:
2092:
1332:, p. 105–144, Münster 2004.
1208:(Thesis). University of Arizona.
1158:"Anson's Voyage Round the World"
824:Intervention (international law)
468:United States Secretary of State
34:
2080:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
1150:
1124:
1106:
1081:
1072:
1058:
997:Link to security sector reform
785:
709:Panama separation from Colombia
677:
495:
478:
331:
48:may be too short to adequately
1134:. jalopnik.com. 19 July 2017.
1044:
1030:
1010:
991:
948:
933:
896:
855:
846:
704:Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903
431:Gunboat diplomacy in the post-
412:, was partially superseded by
408:version of gunboat diplomacy,
117:'s 1904 cartoon recreates the
58:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
1204:Arnold, Bruce Makoto (2005).
839:
654:Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893
308:The term "gunboat" may imply
2075:Twin towns and sister cities
1292:
1194:Resources in other libraries
955:Draper, G. I. A. D. (1992).
157:lasted less than 45 minutes.
105:
7:
969:10.1093/0198277717.003.0005
797:
767:Liberation of East Pakistan
749:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
508:Haiti indemnity controversy
270:Diplomat and naval thinker
191:dispatch a squadron of the
10:
2164:
2068:Plenipotentiary Conference
1242:Preston, A. and J. Major.
829:Interventionism (politics)
779:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
743:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
2088:
2038:
2012:
1914:
1738:
1667:
1647:
1619:
1563:
1530:
1514:
1469:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1262:Pacific Historical Review
1189:Resources in your library
877:Oxford English Dictionary
864:Oxford English Dictionary
631:MĂ´le Saint-Nicolas affair
265:
2058:Parliamentary delegation
1937:Diplomatic accreditation
1703:African Diplomatic Corps
1444:Permanent representative
909:. iUniverse. p. 6.
538:Second Anglo-Burmese War
1506:Deputy chief of mission
1461:Resident representative
1239:, Westport/London 1973.
882:Oxford University Press
792:Spratly Islands dispute
588:Ganghwa Island incident
466:, during his tenure as
379:-class aircraft carrier
153:on 27 August 1896. The
1952:Diplomatic credentials
1221:Graham-Yooll, Andrew.
819:Peace through strength
732:Occupation of Veracruz
699:
637:1890 British Ultimatum
614:
397:
386:
343:De jure belli ac pacis
158:
135:
88:
1543:Resident commissioner
1515:Bilateral-subnational
761:Operation Brother Sam
685:
601:
532:Don Pacifico Incident
392:
373:
141:
113:
80:
1675:Apostolic nunciature
1575:Agricultural attaché
1320:Wiechmann, Gerhard:
1309:Wiechmann, Gerhard:
1066:"Tomahawk Diplomacy"
738:Danzig crisis (1932)
714:Dogger Bank Incident
690:, depicts President
671:Yangtze River Patrol
570:Shimonoseki Campaign
424:in 1914, during the
385:currently in service
119:big-stick diplomacy
115:William Allen Rogers
1967:Diplomatic immunity
1927:Consular assistance
1456:Ambassador-at-large
1335:Eberspächer, Cord:
1232:, Madison WIS 1976.
1068:. October 19, 1998.
880:(Online ed.).
564:Paraguay expedition
410:Big Stick Diplomacy
312:power-projection -
246:, and expansion of
232:projection of force
179:Don Pacifico affair
2133:Types of diplomacy
2025:Letter of credence
1987:Diplomatic uniform
1982:Diplomatic service
1962:Diplomatic illness
1957:Diplomatic history
1710:Diplomatic mission
1627:Diplomatic courier
1607:Trade commissioner
1470:Bilateral-national
1118:2008-05-13 at the
1023:2009-08-05 at the
1004:2014-01-05 at the
773:Lebanese Civil War
700:
659:Anglo-Zanzibar War
619:German East Africa
615:
548:United States Navy
502:Second Barbary War
426:Mexican Revolution
398:
387:
236:command of the sea
223:to compensate the
159:
155:Anglo-Zanzibar War
136:
131:Gulliver's Travels
126:Theodore Roosevelt
94:is the pursuit of
89:
18:Gun boat diplomacy
2120:
2119:
2030:Letter of protest
1998:Persona non grata
1932:Consular immunity
1730:Exclusive mandate
1663:
1662:
1615:
1614:
1580:Chargé de mission
1531:Bilateral-insular
1495:Chargé d'affaires
1482:High commissioner
1298:KrĂĽger, Henning:
1180:Gunboat diplomacy
1175:Library resources
1053:Link to article:
1039:Link to article:
978:978-0-19-827771-2
888:(Subscription or
814:Deterrence theory
755:Operation Vantage
720:Great White Fleet
696:Panama Canal Zone
351:defence diplomacy
302:Expressive Force:
290:Purposeful Force:
280:Definitive Force:
244:colonial outposts
186:Foreign Secretary
181:in 1850, saw the
128:as an episode in
92:Gunboat diplomacy
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2155:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2095:
1947:Diplomatic cable
1725:Protecting power
1698:Diplomatic corps
1639:Foreign minister
1632:King's Messenger
1597:Military attaché
1592:Cultural attaché
1434:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1373:Marine-Rundschau
1358:Marine-Rundschau
1286:American Neptune
1274:American Neptune
1209:
1162:
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1154:
1148:
1147:
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1091:. Archived from
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961:academic.oup.com
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937:
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894:
893:
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873:
859:
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642:Baltimore crisis
554:Matthew C. Perry
544:Opening of Japan
474:Notable examples
414:dollar diplomacy
322:the German Reich
296:Catalytic Force:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
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2162:
2158:
2157:
2156:
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2143:Naval diplomacy
2123:
2122:
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2046:Development aid
2034:
2008:
1977:Diplomatic rank
1910:
1734:
1715:High commission
1659:
1655:Diplomatic rank
1643:
1611:
1602:Science attaché
1559:
1526:
1510:
1501:Head of mission
1465:
1429:
1416:
1407:
1343:), Bochum 2004.
1317:), Bremen 2002.
1306:), Bochum 2008.
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1169:Further reading
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1120:Wayback Machine
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680:
611:First Opium War
594:Tonkin Flotilla
584:in Korea (1871)
576:Christie Affair
498:
481:
476:
464:Henry Kissinger
368:
366:Modern contexts
334:
268:
189:Lord Palmerston
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43:This article's
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1972:Diplomatic law
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1942:Diplomatic bag
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1280:Bauer, K. J.:
1278:
1271:, Part 2, in:
1265:
1253:
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1248:
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1246:, London 1967.
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1214:Cable, James:
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52:the key points
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1256:Long, D. F.:
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673:(1850s–1930s)
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32:
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2098:
2039:Other topics
1996:
1906:Wolf warrior
1820:
1690:
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1437:Multilateral
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1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1126:
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1093:the original
1083:
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960:
950:
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920:. Retrieved
905:
898:
875:
862:
857:
848:
786:21st century
687:
678:20th century
582:Shinmiyangyo
522:(1840, 1856)
496:19th century
487:'s visit to
479:18th century
430:
406:Rooseveltian
399:
383:capital ship
376:
359:multilateral
348:
341:
338:Hugo Grotius
335:
332:Distinctions
318:mobilisation
313:
309:
307:
301:
295:
289:
279:
269:
258:or overseas
252:
240:Diego Garcia
229:
176:
160:
129:
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90:
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45:lead section
2148:Imperialism
2138:Banana Wars
1922:Appeasement
1620:Other roles
963:: 177–208.
804:Compellence
775:(1983-1984)
633:(1889–1891)
627:(1887-1889)
609:during the
578:(1861–1865)
572:(1863–1864)
558:Black Ships
272:James Cable
163:imperialism
2127:Categories
2004:Soft power
1876:Preventive
1866:Pilgrimage
1761:Commercial
1477:Ambassador
1428:Diplomatic
1228:Healy, D.
1142:10 January
1099:2008-05-08
984:2023-07-05
939:J. Cable,
922:5 November
892:required.)
871:"gun-boat"
840:References
603:Royal Navy
520:Opium Wars
514:Pastry War
326:"exercises
217:government
193:Royal Navy
171:intimidate
144:Royal Navy
66:March 2023
2020:Exequatur
2013:Documents
1871:Ping-pong
1841:Migration
1816:Guerrilla
1806:Freelance
1781:Debt-trap
1751:Checkbook
1685:Consulate
1414:diplomats
1410:Diplomacy
1293:In German
781:(1995–96)
745:(1954–55)
692:Roosevelt
605:ships in
560:(1853–54)
551:Commodore
516:(1838–39)
437:U.S. Navy
394:E-3 AWACS
355:bilateral
340:, who in
225:Gibraltar
221:King Otto
106:Etymology
82:SMS
50:summarize
2099:Category
2051:Agencies
1992:Protocol
1901:Track II
1796:Economic
1771:Culinary
1766:Cultural
1756:Coercive
1720:Legation
1691:De facto
1538:Resident
1363:Rheder:
1251:Articles
1136:Archived
1116:Archived
1021:Archived
1002:Archived
798:See also
566:(1858–9)
556:and his
460:Tomahawk
433:Cold War
402:hegemony
203:port of
197:blockade
151:gunboats
147:cruisers
2111:Commons
1896:Stadium
1891:Shuttle
1886:Science
1836:Medical
1826:Hostage
1821:Gunboat
1786:Digital
1776:Defence
1693:embassy
1668:Offices
1566:Attaché
1371:), in:
1356:), in:
1225:(2002).
613:in 1841
491:in 1741
450:in the
445:Clinton
260:markets
205:Piraeus
183:British
165:, when
100:warfare
84:Panther
2063:Summit
1915:Topics
1881:Public
1861:Parley
1801:Energy
1791:Dollar
1746:Caviar
1522:Consul
1487:Nuncio
1348:N.N.:
1284:, in:
1260:, in:
1177:about
975:
913:
769:(1971)
763:(1964)
757:(1961)
751:(1958)
734:(1914)
728:(1911)
722:(1907)
716:(1904)
667:(1897)
661:(1896)
650:(1893)
644:(1891)
621:(1885)
607:Canton
596:(1883)
590:(1875)
540:(1852)
534:(1850)
528:(1843)
510:(1825)
504:(1815)
489:Canton
441:fleets
377:Nimitz
266:Theory
248:empire
213:Athens
1851:Panda
1739:Types
1550:Envoy
1421:Roles
886:
485:Anson
456:Blair
310:naval
211:, in
201:Greek
1831:Iron
1412:and
1144:2018
973:ISBN
924:2022
911:ISBN
861:The
374:The
357:and
328:").
314:land
199:the
149:and
1846:New
965:doi
546:by
219:of
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20:)
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