20:
240:
276:
to several other
Sienese banks. By 1320, Siena's international position had contracted almost entirely, following the additional failure of the Tolomei bank in 1313 and the decline of the
219:"; Guglielmo Leccacorvo served as the bank's representative in Genoa. Bonsignori made his institution one of the most influential in Western Europe by expanding its reach into
648:
247:
The bank declined after the death of
Bonsignori in 1273, and went bankrupt in 1298. The formality of bankruptcy may not have occurred until several years after 1298. The
663:
658:
653:
59:
has been called "the greatest bank of the thirteenth century" as well as "one of the largest commercial and banking enterprises in Europe".
678:
643:
280:, whose commercial activities were "umbilically linked" to Siena; for example, Sienese institutions were not present in the
131:
the importance of reliable and robust financial services relationships. The first so-designated papal depository was the
570:
503:
482:
434:
404:
383:
362:
302:
but the loss was mitigated by the overall weakening of Siena, at the time known for its anti-papal, though nominally
207:, having previously seen its commercial opportunities limited by Siena's political support of the Hohenstaufen. The
124:
673:
668:
261:(as a result of debts he claimed to have been owed by the Bonsignori) and the loss of papal business under
332:
688:
683:
104:
of the
Bonsignori, which began activity in the 1240s with the participation of the Malavolti family.
558:
303:
204:
8:
295:
258:
315:
262:
193:; through a network of "virtual banking syndicates" the bank secured a loan of 200,000
115:
in 1255 and in the 1260s became the exclusive depository-general of the incomes of the
112:
100:
23:
566:
499:
478:
430:
400:
379:
358:
190:
171:
291:
281:
186:
179:
175:
120:
44:
318:, the papal finances were transferred to Florentine banking institutions as well.
314:
led to the rapid rise of
Florentine banking institutions. Under the leadership of
249:
306:, allegiances. Many years later, this loss served as one of the pretexts for the
277:
151:
136:
285:
195:
637:
273:
163:
55:
bank; it was one of the most powerful banks in Europe from 1255 to 1298. The
154:, the bank became responsible for the collection of all the ecclesiastical
116:
546:
Economic and Social
History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages (1300-1530)
19:
132:
128:
34:
272:
was followed by a period of acute and sustained economic ruin in Siena,
612:". Dartmouth College, Department of Economics Working Paper No. 99-05.
327:
307:
220:
159:
150:
was also intimately involved in church finances. During the reign of
79:
451:
Travail et travailleurs en Europe au Moyen Âge et au début des temps
609:
182:
continued to use
Sienese banks for a small amount of transactions.
228:
216:
71:
625:
Cassandro, M. (1987). "La banca senese nei secoli XIII e XIV".
257:
was the crunch caused by the confiscation of
Sienese assets by
239:
224:
212:
155:
147:
83:
75:
52:
563:
City and
Countryside in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy
67:
610:
Merchant
Banking in the Medieval and Early Modern Economy
353:
de Roover, Raymond A., and Larson, Henrietta M. 1999.
166:(1265–68), all pontifical taxes were collected by the
533:
649:
13th-century establishments in the Republic of Siena
453:. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. p. 307.
211:was "at the center of financial operations in both
135:firm headed by Angeliero Solafico circa 1233 under
203:benefited greatly from Charles's victory over the
635:
597:The Finance of the Commune of Siena, 1287-1355
584:Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages
425:Hayden B. J. Maginnis, Gabriele Erasmi. 2003.
473:Dotson, John E. 2004. "Banks and Banking" in
565:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
265:(a trend under way since the early 1290s).
310:of Siena. Furthermore, the failure of the
66:during the mid-thirteenth century were in
624:
664:Banks disestablished in the 13th century
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
349:
347:
238:
143:filled this role between 1250 and 1270.
18:
445:
443:
355:The Rise and Decline of the Medici Bank
659:Organizations established in the 1250s
636:
427:The World of the Early Sienese Painter
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
234:
146:The slightly larger Ricciardi bank of
654:Banks established in the 13th century
456:
344:
16:Former bank of the Republic of Sienna
440:
410:
397:Florence, the Golden Age, 1138-1737
298:as a result of the collapse of the
13:
496:Economic Systems and State Finance
14:
700:
679:Economic history of the Holy See
582:Thompson, James Westfall. 1928.
544:Thompson, James Westfall. 1931.
127:had demonstrated plainly to the
125:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
602:
589:
576:
551:
538:
517:The Journal of Economic History
376:Power Elites and State Building
525:
509:
488:
389:
368:
123:'s (1243-1254) conflicts with
1:
644:1255 establishments in Europe
627:Banchieri e mercanti di Siena
618:
199:for the Angevin monarch. The
629:(in Italian). Rome: De Luca.
7:
498:. Oxford University Press.
378:. Oxford University Press.
333:Taula de canvi de Barcelona
321:
10:
705:
535:. Mayflower Books. p. 151.
515:Lane, Frederic C. 1957. .
374:Reinhard, Wolfgang. 1996.
243:12th century Sienese coins
599:. Clarendon Press. p. 83.
595:William M. Bowsky. 1970.
586:. The Century Co. p. 471.
170:. After the 1260s, popes
62:The main branches of the
548:. The Century Co. p. 14.
338:
185:The bank also supported
561:, Chris Wickham. 1990.
395:Brucker, Gene A. 1984.
189:in his conquest of the
89:
674:Defunct banks of Italy
669:1298 disestablishments
531:Graboïs, Aryeh. 1980.
494:Richard Bonney. 1995.
274:systemically spreading
244:
30:
449:Dolan, Claire. 1991.
242:
205:House of Hohenstaufen
98:has its roots in the
26:, the founder of the
22:
429:. Penn State Press.
608:Kohn, Meir. 1999. "
399:. Abbeville Press.
284:created during the
268:The failure of the
259:Philip IV of France
235:Decline and failure
51:") was the largest
559:Philip James Jones
316:Pope Boniface VIII
263:Pope Boniface VIII
245:
113:Orlando Bonsignori
31:
24:Orlando Bonsignori
191:Kingdom of Sicily
696:
689:History of Siena
684:Medieval banking
630:
613:
606:
600:
593:
587:
580:
574:
555:
549:
542:
536:
529:
523:
513:
507:
492:
486:
471:
454:
447:
438:
423:
408:
393:
387:
372:
366:
351:
292:Pope Nicholas IV
282:Avignon Exchange
187:Charles of Anjou
121:Pope Innocent IV
704:
703:
699:
698:
697:
695:
694:
693:
634:
633:
621:
616:
607:
603:
594:
590:
581:
577:
556:
552:
543:
539:
530:
526:
514:
510:
493:
489:
472:
457:
448:
441:
424:
411:
394:
390:
373:
369:
357:. Beard Books.
352:
345:
341:
324:
308:papal interdict
278:Champagne fairs
237:
196:livres tournois
152:Pope Clement IV
137:Pope Gregory IX
111:was founded by
92:
17:
12:
11:
5:
702:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
632:
631:
620:
617:
615:
614:
601:
588:
575:
550:
537:
524:
508:
487:
475:Medieval Italy
455:
439:
409:
388:
367:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
330:
323:
320:
286:Avignon Papacy
236:
233:
91:
88:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
701:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
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641:
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628:
623:
622:
611:
605:
598:
592:
585:
579:
572:
571:1-85285-035-3
568:
564:
560:
557:Trevor Dean,
554:
547:
541:
534:
528:
521:
518:
512:
505:
504:0-19-820545-7
501:
497:
491:
484:
483:0-415-93930-5
480:
477:. Routledge.
476:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
452:
446:
444:
436:
435:0-271-02338-4
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428:
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405:0-89659-457-2
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384:0-19-820547-3
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363:1-893122-32-8
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309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:
250:coup de grâce
241:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Pope Urban IV
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
102:
97:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:
36:
29:
25:
21:
626:
604:
596:
591:
583:
578:
562:
553:
545:
540:
532:
527:
519:
516:
511:
495:
490:
474:
450:
426:
396:
391:
375:
370:
354:
311:
299:
294:lost 80,000
290:
269:
267:
254:
248:
246:
208:
200:
194:
184:
172:Nicholas III
167:
145:
140:
117:Papal States
108:
106:
99:
95:
93:
63:
61:
56:
48:
39:
38:
32:
27:
312:Gran Tavola
300:Gran Tavola
270:Gran Tavola
255:Gran Tavola
209:Gran Tavola
201:Gran Tavola
180:Nicholas IV
176:Honorius IV
168:Gran Tavola
141:Gran Tavola
133:Piccolomini
129:Roman Curia
109:Gran Tavola
96:Gran Tavola
64:Gran Tavola
57:Gran Tavola
49:Great Table
40:Gran Tavola
35:Middle Ages
33:During the
28:Gran Tavola
638:Categories
619:References
304:Ghibelline
522:(1): 130.
506:. p. 510.
386:. p. 212.
328:Cahorsins
221:Catalonia
160:Holy Land
80:Marseille
573:. p. 83.
485:. p. 92.
437:. p. 19.
407:. p. 74.
322:See also
253:for the
162:. Under
158:for the
101:societas
365:. p. 2.
296:florins
229:England
217:Tuscany
72:Bologna
53:Sienese
45:Italian
569:
502:
481:
433:
403:
382:
361:
227:, and
225:France
178:, and
156:tithes
139:; the
82:, and
37:, the
339:Notes
213:Genoa
148:Lucca
84:Paris
76:Genoa
47:for "
567:ISBN
500:ISBN
479:ISBN
431:ISBN
401:ISBN
380:ISBN
359:ISBN
215:and
107:The
94:The
90:Rise
68:Pisa
640::
520:17
458:^
442:^
412:^
346:^
288:.
231:.
223:,
174:,
119:.
86:.
78:,
74:,
70:,
43:(
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