138:
1737:
435:
399:
1725:
27:
1713:
624:
With many forms of domestic and international money (with different weights, purities and quality) circulating throughout Europe in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, the use of an
756:, etc.) did not have any indication of their value, their official value was determined by royal edicts. In cases of financial need, French kings could use the official value for
675:
accounting unit in all contracts in France was legislated in 1549, but it had been one of the standard units of accounting in France since the 13th century. In 1577 the
792:
coins, responding to the often large influx of foreign coin and the appearance of inferior foreign coins of intentionally similar design. For more on these issues, see
604:(see "Standard Catalog of World Paper Money", Albert Pick). This was the last time the name was used officially, as later notes and coins were denominated simply in
760:. This could be done in two ways: (1) the amount of precious metal in a newly minted French coin could be reduced while nevertheless maintaining the old value in
766:
or (2) the official value of a domestic or foreign coin in circulation could be increased. By reversing these techniques, currencies could be reinforced.
713:
1767:
442:
Charles standing facing, holding sword, in Gothic arch flanked by lis; KAROLVS x DI x GR FRANCOR x REX ; there is an R at end of legend
452:
Ornate cross with trefoils at ends; lis and crowns in quarters; all within tressure; lis in angles. XPC* VINCIT x XRC REGNAT XRC* IMPERAT
1042:
1380:
1626:
979:
91:
409:
Cross fleurée; lis in quarters; all within tressure; trefoils in angles; around + XP'C* VInCIT* XP'C* REGNAT* XP'C* INPERAT
63:
642:
and the currency system based on it became a standard monetary unit of accounting and continued to be used even when the
70:
110:
857:
476:
44:
77:
1035:
48:
788:(which was harshly punished), they had the difficult problem of setting values for gold, silver, copper and
1530:
59:
1685:
1703:
1515:
1249:
913:
697:
continued to be used for minor uses in and around Paris and was not officially abolished until 1667 by
137:
784:
Royal finance officers faced many difficulties. In addition to currency speculation, forgery and the
1757:
1358:
1028:
305:
628:
became a financial necessity. In the world of international banking of the 13th century, it was the
1762:
1570:
1560:
971:
1363:
178:
37:
1395:
1095:
1020:
1550:
1301:
737:
995:
84:
1605:
1555:
1470:
1254:
1127:
757:
685:, which was at that time the major French gold coin in actual circulation, but in 1602 the
406:
John, armored, on horseback left, holding sword. Around IOHANNES DEI GRATIA – FRANCORV REX
8:
1565:
1440:
1430:
1425:
879:
698:
629:
582:
578:
488:
480:
426:
313:
1741:
1636:
1580:
1520:
1500:
1475:
1460:
1120:
1003:
649:
586:
434:
1455:
1435:
1321:
1264:
1147:
975:
773:
the worth of an écu d'or, a French gold coin, was changed from 60 to 57 sols in 1573.
390:
414:
398:
1540:
1445:
1405:
1316:
1306:
1229:
1053:
869:
797:
520:
289:
1525:
1485:
1239:
1183:
1100:
793:
704:
Since coins in Europe in the Middle Ages and the Early modern period (the French
492:
309:
271:
165:
917:
457:
251:
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.
1680:
1642:
1600:
1545:
1505:
1465:
1450:
1420:
1410:
1375:
1338:
1274:
1259:
1234:
1168:
1132:
1105:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
889:
789:
691:
accounting unit was brought back. (A monetary unit of accounting based on the
598:
The first French paper money, issued between 1701 and 1720, was denominated in
539:
210:
371:
was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under
1751:
1717:
1610:
1595:
1348:
1333:
1328:
1311:
1289:
1269:
1244:
1219:
1163:
909:
785:
745:
717:
551:
514:
472:
360:
884:
705:
1729:
1674:
1590:
1575:
1480:
1415:
1390:
1385:
1353:
1284:
1279:
1193:
1188:
1173:
1142:
1137:
1110:
919:
Encyclopédie ou
Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
874:
777:
753:
733:
709:
566:
533:
519:(Paris pound) which had been up to that point the official currency of the
376:
124:
1585:
1535:
1510:
1495:
1400:
1343:
1224:
1209:
1178:
681:
accounting unit was officially abolished and accountants switched to the
445:
375:, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver. It was the basis of the revolutionary
1663:
1490:
1370:
1115:
206:
357:
was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the
968:
The
International Economy and Monetary Movements in France, 1493-1725
780:, its official worth was decreased to 4 sols 2 deniers in the 1570s.
26:
725:
496:
484:
372:
336:
1214:
828:
729:
1050:
1646:
935:
Historical Essays in
Connexion with the Land, the Church &c
749:
657:
1690:
933:
Robertson, E. William (1872). "Currency of the Early Franks".
682:
1669:
741:
721:
653:
633:
286:
475:(the "Tours penny"). These deniers were first minted by the
1059:
332:
379:
of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly.
1701:
908:
652:
treaty of 1803 specified the relative ratios of the
648:
ceased to exist as an actual coin. For example, the
589:. The use of the name "franc" became a synonym for
312:(i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1749:
950:The new Oxford companion to literature in French
786:intentional shaving of precious metal from coins
351:minted in large numbers from 1360. In 1549, the
550:after 1715), each of which was divided into 12
1036:
851:
817:
761:
692:
686:
676:
670:
661:
643:
637:
611:
605:
599:
590:
564:
558:
545:
537:
527:
512:
506:
500:
466:
366:
358:
352:
346:
340:
326:
320:
260:
144:La Banque Royale: 100 livres Tournois (1720)
142:
572:
276:
1043:
1029:
1381:Japanese government-issued Oceanian pound
961:
959:
932:
319:The 1262 monetary reform established the
304:) was one of numerous currencies used in
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
926:
499:in 1203 and standardized the use of the
123:For broader coverage of this topic, see
965:
948:France, Peter, ed. (1995). "Currency".
616:having finally been abolished in 1667.
557:Between 1360 and 1641, coins worth one
382:
1750:
988:
956:
947:
902:
619:
571:(the name coming from the inscription
1768:Economic history of the Ancien Régime
1024:
941:
636:that were often used. In France, the
270:
577:, ). Other francs were minted under
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
13:
14:
1779:
856:was added to Unicode 5.2, in the
803:
574:Johannes Dei Gratia Francorum Rex
532:was, in common with the original
1735:
1723:
1711:
433:
397:
136:
25:
916:, eds. (1772). "Abréviations".
36:needs additional citations for
776:to curb increasing use of the
1:
1620:Historical antecedents (mass)
895:
1531:Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound
860:block at code point U+20B6.
7:
1686:Carolingian monetary system
870:French franc § History
863:
10:
1784:
1516:Prince Edward Island pound
1250:British West African pound
1157:Local alternative currency
966:Spooner, Frank C. (1972).
952:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
748:; the German and Austrian
122:
1656:
1619:
1359:Italian East African lira
1202:
1156:
1068:
826:
815:
810:
456:
432:
425:
413:
396:
389:
249:
241:
236:
217:
191:
184:
177:
164:
156:
151:
135:
1571:South West African pound
1561:Southern Rhodesian pound
972:Harvard University Press
937:. Edmonston and Douglas.
914:d'Alembert, Jean le Rond
669:The official use of the
16:Medieval French currency
1364:Italian Somaliland lira
511:began to supersede the
491:seized the counties of
345:was a gold coin of one
1396:Lombardo-Venetian lira
1096:Falkland Islands pound
996:"Character Properties"
852:
818:
762:
693:
687:
677:
671:
662:
644:
638:
612:
606:
600:
591:
573:
565:
563:were minted, known as
559:
546:
538:
528:
513:
507:
501:
467:
367:
359:
353:
347:
341:
327:
321:
261:
143:
1551:Solomon Islands pound
1302:French colonial livre
1051:Currency units named
477:abbey of Saint Martin
268:French pronunciation:
1606:Western Samoan pound
1556:South Carolina pound
1471:North Carolina pound
1128:South Sudanese pound
758:currency devaluation
534:livre of Charlemagne
383:Circulating currency
272:[livʁtuʁnwa]
45:improve this article
1441:New Hampshire pound
1431:New Brunswick pound
1426:Massachusetts pound
880:Luxembourgish livre
843:LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN
626:accounting currency
620:Accounting currency
489:Philip II of France
427:Charles V of France
314:Early Modern France
132:
1581:Tripolitanian lira
1566:South African pond
1521:Rhode Island pound
1501:Pennsylvania pound
1476:Nova Scotian pound
1461:Newfoundland pound
1121:Saint Helena pound
1004:Unicode Consortium
650:Louisiana Purchase
536:, divided into 20
130:
1699:
1698:
1456:New Zealand pound
1436:New Guinean pound
1322:Saint Lucia livre
1265:Connecticut pound
1148:Ukrainian hryvnia
981:978-0-674-45840-6
848:
847:
463:
462:
421:
420:
391:John II of France
256:
255:
121:
120:
113:
95:
1775:
1758:Pound (currency)
1740:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1541:Sammarinese lira
1446:New Jersey pound
1406:Luxembourg livre
1317:New France livre
1307:Guadeloupe livre
1230:Australian pound
1045:
1038:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1000:util.unicode.org
992:
986:
985:
963:
954:
953:
945:
939:
938:
930:
924:
923:
906:
858:Currency Symbols
855:
850:A glyph for the
844:
841:
838:
836:
821:
808:
807:
765:
696:
690:
680:
674:
665:
647:
641:
615:
609:
603:
594:
576:
570:
562:
549:
543:
531:
521:Capetian dynasty
518:
510:
504:
470:
437:
423:
422:
401:
387:
386:
370:
365:. In 1720, the
364:
356:
350:
344:
330:
324:
296:; abbreviation:
295:
292:
284:
281:
278:
274:
269:
264:
229:
228:
227:
223:
203:
202:
201:
197:
172:
146:
140:
133:
129:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
60:"Livre tournois"
53:
29:
21:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1763:Coins of France
1748:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1652:
1637:Moneyer's pound
1615:
1526:Rhodesian pound
1486:Palestine pound
1255:Byzantine litra
1240:Bermudian pound
1198:
1184:Liverpool pound
1152:
1101:Gibraltar pound
1064:
1049:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1006:
994:
993:
989:
982:
964:
957:
946:
942:
931:
927:
907:
903:
898:
866:
842:
839:
834:
833:
822:
806:
794:Monetary policy
714:teston d'argent
622:
595:in accounting.
465:In France, the
385:
310:unit of account
306:medieval France
293:
285:
282:
279:
267:
225:
221:
220:
218:
209:
199:
195:
194:
192:
170:
147:
128:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1781:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1745:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Roman currency
1678:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:Virginia pound
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1546:Sardinian lira
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:Peruvian libra
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Nigerian pound
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:New York pound
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1421:Maryland pound
1418:
1413:
1411:Malawian pound
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1376:Jamaican pound
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Ghanaian pound
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1295:Livre tournois
1292:
1282:
1277:
1275:Delaware pound
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:Canadian pound
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Bahamian pound
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:Aeginetan mina
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Sudanese pound
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:Guernsey pound
1103:
1098:
1093:
1091:Alderney pound
1086:Pound sterling
1083:
1081:Lebanese pound
1078:
1076:Egyptian pound
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1016:
987:
980:
955:
940:
925:
910:Diderot, Denis
900:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
890:Roman currency
887:
882:
877:
872:
865:
862:
853:livre tournois
846:
845:
831:
824:
823:
819:livre tournois
816:
813:
812:
805:
804:Unicode symbol
802:
782:
781:
774:
769:For example:
763:livre tournois
736:; the Italian
724:; the Spanish
688:livre tournois
678:livre tournois
672:livre tournois
663:livre tournois
645:livre tournois
639:livre tournois
621:
618:
601:livre tournois
592:livre tournois
560:livre tournois
529:livre tournois
508:livre tournois
502:livre tournois
471:was worth 240
461:
460:
454:
453:
450:
439:
438:
430:
429:
419:
418:
415:Franc à cheval
411:
410:
407:
403:
402:
394:
393:
384:
381:
368:livre tournois
354:livre tournois
348:livre tournois
342:franc à cheval
322:livre tournois
262:livre tournois
254:
253:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
215:
214:
204:
189:
188:
186:
182:
181:
175:
174:
168:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
141:
131:Livre tournois
119:
118:
101:September 2024
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1780:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:See also
1655:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1611:Zambian pound
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Venetian lira
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Maltese pound
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:Georgia pound
1332:
1330:
1329:Gambian pound
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Haitian livre
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Livre parisis
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:Cypriot pound
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Biafran pound
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:Angevin pound
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Brixton pound
1167:
1165:
1164:Bristol pound
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
983:
977:
973:
969:
962:
960:
951:
944:
936:
929:
921:
920:
915:
911:
905:
901:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
861:
859:
854:
832:
830:
825:
820:
814:
809:
801:
799:
798:Gresham's Law
795:
791:
787:
779:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
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50:
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34:This article
32:
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1675:Pound (mass)
1630:
1591:Vatican lira
1576:Tongan pound
1481:Ottoman lira
1391:Libyan pound
1386:Jersey livre
1354:Italian lira
1349:Israeli lira
1294:
1285:French livre
1280:Fijian pound
1194:Totnes pound
1189:Stroud pound
1174:Exeter pound
1143:Turkish lira
1138:Syrian pound
1111:Jersey pound
1063:, or similar
1058:
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1009:15 September
1007:. Retrieved
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778:Spanish real
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754:Dutch gulden
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458:Franc à pied
443:
377:French franc
318:
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237:Demographics
125:French livre
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1742:Numismatics
1627:Roman pound
1586:Tuscan lira
1536:Roman pound
1511:Pound Scots
1496:Parman lira
1401:Luccan lira
1179:Lewes pound
1069:Circulating
505:there, the
446:La Rochelle
337:fine silver
331:, or 80.88
1752:Categories
1664:Pound sign
1491:Papal lira
1371:Jaca pound
1344:Irish punt
1225:Attic mina
1116:Manx pound
896:References
885:Écu (coin)
720:, double,
213:until 1714
71:newspapers
1639:(England)
699:Louis XIV
583:Henry III
579:Charles V
479:, in the
864:See also
840:₶
827:In
726:doubloon
587:Henry IV
497:Touraine
485:Touraine
481:province
373:Louis XV
308:, and a
1704:Portals
1643:Grzywna
1215:AM-Lira
1203:Defunct
829:Unicode
730:pistole
552:deniers
473:deniers
417:, 1360
280:
242:User(s)
224:⁄
219:
198:⁄
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185:Subunit
173:
85:scholar
1718:France
1647:Grivna
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752:; the
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232:denier
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634:ducat
493:Anjou
468:livre
333:grams
290:pound
287:Tours
160:livre
92:JSTOR
78:books
1060:lira
1011:2024
976:ISBN
796:and
734:real
660:and
632:and
585:and
547:sous
540:sols
526:The
495:and
277:lit.
258:The
207:sous
157:Unit
152:Unit
64:news
1691:£sd
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