Grammar school - Knowledge

998: 785: 419:, ruled in 1805, "There is no authority for thus changing the nature of the Charity, and filling a School intended for the purpose of teaching Greek and Latin with Scholars learning the German and French languages, mathematics, and anything except Greek and Latin." Although he offered a compromise by which some subjects might be added to a classical core, the ruling set a restrictive precedent for grammar schools across England; they seemed to be in terminal decline. However it should be borne in mind that the decline of the grammar schools in England and Wales was not uniform and that until the foundation of 1456:(all-boys). Within these schools there are academically top classes, the very competitive Scholars' class or "A" class. Graduates tend to become part of the upper class. These schools recruit pupils worldwide, particularly from large emerging Asian economies. Recruitment is carried out under the auspices of the Special Assistant Plan Scholars programme, the ASEAN Scholars programme, and the India and China Scholars programmes. Gifted pupils, such as winners of Mathematical Olympiads, international violin and piano competitions, Physics Olympiads and child inventors are particularly sought after. 312: 1243: 40: 762: 1440:, the Singapore government established publicly funded bilingual schools based on the existing grammar school system. Since the 1960s their mission was to provide a high-quality elite education to the top 10% in national annual IQ tests, regardless of socio-economic background. These bilingual schools were influenced by the US educational system, and termed "high schools" rather than "grammar schools". Other, less elitist, state schools were called simply "secondary schools", similar to the UK equivalent of "comprehensive schools". High schools include 932: 174: 877: 1323: 436: 522: 1072: 873:. As a result, Northern Ireland still maintains the grammar school system, with many pupils being entered for academic selection exams similar to the 11-plus. Since the "open enrolment" reform of 1989, these schools (unlike those in England) have been required to accept pupils up to their capacity, which has also increased. By 2006, the 69 grammar schools took 42% of transferring children, and only 7 of them took all of their intake from the top 30% of the cohort. 4211: 584: 1477: 1175: 683:(1965), there were structural problems within the testing process that underpinned the eleven plus which meant it tended to result in secondary modern schools being overwhelmingly dominated by the children of poor and working-class parents, while grammar schools were dominated by the children of wealthier middle-class parents. The Tripartite System was largely abolished in England and Wales between 1965, with the issue of 518:, which created the Endowed Schools Commission with extensive powers over endowments of individual schools. It was said that the commission "could turn a boys' school in Northumberland into a girls' school in Cornwall". Across England and Wales schools endowed to offer free classical instruction to boys were remodelled as fee-paying schools (with a few competitive scholarships) teaching broad curricula to boys or girls. 4221: 387:; However, by this time demand for these languages had fallen greatly. A new commercial class required modern languages and commercial subjects. Most grammar schools founded in the 18th century also taught arithmetic and English. In Scotland, the burgh councils updated the curricula of their schools so that Scotland no longer has grammar schools in any of the senses discussed here, though some, such as 4200: 1342:

selected academic students from across New Zealand. The schools mentioned below all share the school motto: "Per Angusta Ad Augusta" (Through difficulties to honours). They also share the same icon/logo, the "Auckland Grammar Lion". Today, all grammar schools in New Zealand are non-selective state schools, but they use school donations to supplement their government funding. Within the

1063:. The New South Wales public education system operates 19 selective public schools which resemble the English grammar-school system insofar as they engage in academic selection by way of centralised examination, they do not charge tuition fees and they are recipients of a greater degree of public funding per pupil than is afforded to non-selective government schools. 203:(627) The schools were attached to cathedrals and monasteries, teaching Latin – the language of the church – to future priests and monks. Other subjects required for religious work were occasionally added, including music and verse (for liturgy), astronomy and mathematics (for the church calendar) and law (for administration). With the foundation of the 1383: 801:. The Act also defined a procedure by which local communities could petition for a ballot for an end to selection at schools. Petitions were launched in several areas, but only one received the signatures of 20% of eligible parents, the level needed to trigger a ballot. Thus the only ballot held to date was for 1467:

business and community leaders. The Ministry of Education published annual rankings, but discontinued them after criticism of excessive academic stress placed on schoolchildren, some of whom committed suicide in response to perceived failure. After the 1990s all schools were integrated into a unified

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By the end of the 1980s, all of the grammar schools in Wales and most of those in England had closed or converted to comprehensive schools. Selection also disappeared from state-funded schools in Scotland in the same period. Although almost all former grammar schools ceased to be selective, there are

345:, founded by John Gamlyn and John Blanche in 1588. Many of these are still commemorated in annual "Founder's Day" services and ceremonies at surviving schools. The usual pattern was to create an endowment to pay the wages of a master to instruct local boys in Latin and sometimes Greek without charge. 1131:

attempted to reform the schools in the 1850s and the 1860s by moving control of the schools from counties (the former districts) to city authorities, securing their funding and introducing inspectors. However, his efforts to convert the schools into classical schools for only boys were unsuccessful.

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Commission was appointed to examine the remaining 782 endowed grammar schools. The commission reported that the distribution of schools did not match the current population, and that provision varied greatly in quality, with provision for girls being particularly limited. The commission proposed the

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councils, and the burghs also founded new schools. With the increased emphasis on studying the scriptures after the Reformation, many schools added Greek and, in a few cases, Hebrew. The teaching of these languages was hampered by a shortage of non-Latin type and of teachers fluent in the languages.

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colonies. These schools initially taught young men the classical languages as a preparation for university, but by the mid-18th century many had broadened their curricula to include practical subjects. Nevertheless, they declined in popularity owing to competition from the more practical academies.

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The CHIJMES building has commemorative plaques for these abandoned babies. The children were termed "children of God" and raised as Catholics. When laws banning polygamy became strictly enforced in Singapore after 1965, these schools extended their English-speaking classes to girls from families of

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which select a cohort of pupils based on academic ability. The tripartite system (reduced to grammar and secondary modern schools) does survive in certain areas, such as Kent, where the eleven-plus examination which divides pupils into placement in grammar or secondary modern school is known as the

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funded entirely by fees. Of the direct grant schools remaining at that time, 51 became comprehensive, 119 opted for independence, and five were "not accepted for the maintained system and expected to become independent schools or to close". Some of these schools retained the name "grammar" in their

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The 11-plus has long been controversial, and Northern Ireland's political parties have taken opposing positions. Unionists tend to lean towards preserving the grammar schools as they are, with academic selection at the age of 11, whereas nationalist politicians lean towards scrapping the 11-plus,

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In other areas, grammar schools survive mainly as very highly selective schools in an otherwise comprehensive county, for example in several of the outer boroughs of London. These schools are often heavily oversubscribed, and award places in rank order of performance in their entry tests. In some

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Singapore was established as a Crown Colony, and the term "grammar school" was used since 1819 among the English community. The English, and later, the Scottish, set up cathedrals, churches, and elite grammar schools for the upper class. Initially, this was a racially segregated colonial system.

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Further radical change was opposed by both Conservative and Labour governments until September 2016. Although many on the left argue that the existence of selective schools undermines the comprehensive structure, Labour governments have delegated decisions on grammar schools to local processes,

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is used solely to identify a subset of children (around 25%) considered suitable for grammar education. When a grammar school has too many qualified applicants, other criteria are used to allocate places, such as siblings, distance or faith. Such systems still exist in Buckinghamshire, Rugby and

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and Latin words in the first year, learned to construct Latin sentences in the second year, and began translating English–Latin and Latin–English passages in the third year. By the end of their studies at age 14, they would be quite familiar with the great Latin authors, and with Latin drama and

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has not been able to agree on a replacement system for secondary transfer. The grammar schools have organised groupings to run their own tests, the Post-Primary Transfer Consortium (mostly Catholic schools) and the Association for Quality Education. The Northern Ireland Commission for Catholic

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and originally came under the authority of the Auckland Grammar Schools' Board. Auckland's grammar schools share a common line of descent from the British grammar school system, with a strong focus on academics and traditional British sports. Originally, the schools used entry assessments and

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The French Roman Catholic Orders later opened up their ministries and boarding schools to children of mixed marriages, and racial segregation was also relaxed to some extent in the English schools. The French Catholic missions and schools, but not the English schools, also accepted orphans,

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The British then opened up their schools to children from English mixed marriages, or to those with English descent. During the late colonial period, these schools expanded and also schooled descendants of the very few mixed English and Straits-Chinese families, and descendants of some rich

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England has a long history of grammar schools. Curricula differ from school to school but generally includes English language, English literature, mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, art and design, music, drama, design and technology, history, philosophy,

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In England, urban middle-class pressure for a commercial curriculum was often supported by the school's trustees (who would charge the new students fees), but resisted by the schoolmaster, supported by the terms of the original endowment. Very few schools were able to obtain special acts of

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State-maintained grammar schools, which reached a peak in 1964 with 1,298 in England and Wales. Though some were quite old, most were either newly created or built since the Victorian period, seeking to replicate the studious, aspirational atmosphere found in the older grammar

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status are thus independent of the local education authority (LEA). Some LEAs retain forms of the Tripartite System and a few grammar schools survive in otherwise comprehensive areas. Some of the remaining grammar schools can trace their histories to before the 15th century.

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all grant-aided secondary schools were required to provide at least 25 percent of their places as free scholarships for students from public elementary schools. Grammar schools thus emerged as one part of the highly varied education system of England and Wales before 1944.

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New Zealand did not establish a state education system until 1877. The absence of a national education system meant that the first sizable secondary-education providers were grammar schools and other private institutions. The first grammar school in New Zealand,

427:, in 1828, specialist grammar schools in the north-west of England and South Wales were in effect providing tertiary education to men in their late teens and early twenties, which enabled them to be ordained as Anglican clergymen without going to university. 575:

was called the grammar school, which sought to spread the academic ethos of the existing grammar schools. Grammar schools were intended to teach an academic curriculum to the most intellectually able 25 percent of the school population as selected by the

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made it lawful to apply the income of grammar schools to purposes other than the teaching of classical languages, but change still required the consent of the schoolmaster. At the same time, many schools were reorganising themselves along the lines of

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comprehensive schools that chose to maintain the descriptor "grammar" in their nomenclature. Most of these schools do however operate some form of selection in their admission process, due to oversubscription. There is also a small group of formally

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as a superior grammar school. Legislation in 1839 allowed for more than one grammar school in a district, triggering a rapid but unstructured growth in numbers over the following two decades to 86 in 1861. The schools became more independent of the

545:, copying their curriculum, ethos and ambitions, and some took or maintained the title "grammar school" for historical reasons. A girls' grammar school established in a town with an older boys' grammar school would often be named a "high school". 1201:

in 1871. Some schools remain, as private schools catering largely for Protestant students. These are often fee-paying and accommodate boarders, given the scattered nature of the Protestant population in much of Ireland. Such schools include

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policy against expansion of grammar schools (except to cope with population expansion in wholly selective areas). The government opened a consultation on proposals to allow existing grammar schools to expand and new ones to be set up. The

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of which there were 179. They took between one quarter and one-half of their pupils from the state system, and the rest from fee-paying parents. They also exercised far greater freedom from local authorities, and some were members of the

1413:, officially founded in 1879. After independence it became the Raffles Girls' School (Primary School), distinct from the branch school established by the local government after independence, the Raffles Girls' School (Secondary School). 1256:

has a number of grammar schools, a majority of which were established when the country was under British rule. They are generally not known as "grammar schools" but are similarly selective in their intake. Among the best known being the

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in 1795. After several abortive attempts to raise funding, the District Schools Act of 1807 provided support for one grammar school teacher in each district, of which there were then eight, but they were then left to their own devices.

1095:, advocated grammar schools for the colony to save the wealthy from sending their sons to the United States to be educated, but he was unable to convince his superiors in London. He, however, made a grant enabling John Stuart to set up 823:, as many as 10–15% of 11-year-olds may attend grammar schools (for example in Gloucestershire), but in other LEAs it is as low as 2%. These very highly selective schools also tend to dominate the top positions in performance tables. 788:

Grammar school areas and groups as identified by the Education (Grammar School Ballots) Regulations 1998. LEAs considered grammar areas are shown filled, while circles indicate isolated grammar schools or clusters of neighbouring

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missionaries. Before the 1970s when Malay was made the medium of instruction, many such selective schools became known for providing excellent English-medium education and have produced many notable alumni, including former

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In the mid-19th century, independent schools were established in the Australian colonies to spare the wealthy classes from sending their sons to schools in Britain. These schools took their inspiration from English

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There remain 163 grammar schools in England (out of some 3,000 state secondaries in total). Only a few areas have kept a formal grammar school system along the lines of the Tripartite System. In these areas, the

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Morris, Paul (1991). "Preparing pupils as citizens of the special administrative region of Hong Kong: an analysis of curriculum change and control during the transition period". In Postiglione, Gerard A. (ed.).

288:. In theory these schools were open to all and offered free tuition to those who could not pay fees; however, few poor children attended school, because their labour was economically valuable to their families. 148:

to form a new comprehensive school). In both cases, some of these schools kept "grammar school" in their names. More recently, a number of state grammar schools, still retaining their selective intake, gained

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in 2000, when parents rejected change by a ratio of 2 to 1. These arrangements were condemned in 2004 by the Select Committee for Education and Skills as being ineffective and a waste of time and resources.

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Straits-born Chinese merchant class families, who were educated in Oxbridge or had London trade ties. Initially these schools were run exactly like their counterparts in England, and taught by the English.

215:. Pupils were usually educated in grammar schools up to the age of 14, after which they would look to universities and the church for further study. Of the three first schools independent of the church – 2769: 662:

and grammar schools effectively monopolised access to universities. These schools were also the only ones that offered an extra term of school to prepare pupils for the competitive entrance exams for

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to educate sons born and living in the Crown Colony, often to fathers in Crown colonial service. Single-sex classes were set up for daughters of the British ruling class in 1844, and later became

1056:, and the trend has continued to the present day. Today, the term is defined only in Queensland legislation. Throughout the country, "grammar schools" are generally high-cost private schools. 571:

created the first nationwide system of state-funded secondary education in England and Wales, echoed by the Education (Northern Ireland) Act 1947. One of the three types of school forming the

1281:(Taiping). Mission schools set up by various Christian denominations paralleled the selective state school albeit not with the same degree of selectivity. Notable mission schools include the 815:

Stratford districts of Warwickshire, the Salisbury district of Wiltshire and most of Lincolnshire, Kent, Reading and Medway. Of metropolitan areas, Trafford and most of Wirral are selective.

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The Direct Grant Grammar Schools (Cessation of Grant) Regulations 1975 required direct grant schools to decide whether to convert into comprehensives under local authority control or become

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Education did accept continued selection at Catholic grammar schools as a temporary measure, anticipating them to end the practice by 2012. As of September 2019, the practice continues.

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and similar initiatives proposed as ways of raising standards. Many grammar schools have featured in these programmes, and a lower level of selection is permitted at specialist schools.

2337: 2165: 1337:, a small number of schools are named "grammar schools" and follow the academic and cultural traditions established in the United Kingdom. Grammar schools were established only in 2419: 2444: 1136:

by the Act to Improve the Common and Grammar Schools of the Province of Ontario of 1871. Schools that offered classical studies were given additional funding and operated as

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The school day typically ran from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m., with a two-hour break for lunch; in winter, school started at 7 a.m. and ended at 4 p.m. Most of the day was spent in the

125:; Scotland had developed a different system. Grammar schools of these types were also established in British territories overseas, where they have evolved in different ways. 2500: 2727: 827:

which have not yet resulted in any changes. Moreover, government education policy appears to accept the existence of some kind of hierarchy in secondary education, with

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study has shown that UK grammar school pupils gain no significant social or emotional advantages by the age of 14 over similarly gifted pupils in non-selective schools.

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any socio-economic background. The British grammar schools in Singapore imitated much of this education system, with Catholicism replaced by Anglicanism. Later the

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title but are no longer free of charge for all but a few pupils. These schools normally select their pupils by an entrance examination and sometimes by interview.

454:. Grammar schools were reinvented as academically oriented secondary schools following literary or scientific curricula, while often retaining classical subjects. 370: 2979: 2792: 1425:

of Singapore was set up. Australian Methodist missionaries started UK-style grammar schools with American and British Methodist church funds. They founded the

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of state-funded secondary education operating in England and Wales from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s, and continue as such in Northern Ireland. After most

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This article is about a type of school in the United Kingdom and in former British territories. For the first stage of schooling in the United States, see

777:/citizenship, classical education, religious education, physical education, and several other foreign languages. Most English grammar schools follow the 610:. These schools included some very old schools encouraged to participate in the Tripartite System. The most famous example of a direct-grant grammar was 3103:

Ashton School, as a comprehensive school, was founded in September 1972 when Rochelle School and Cork Grammar School merged on the Grammar School site.

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for children from 10 to 14 years of age, following a primary stage from 5 to 9 years of age. These types were gradually combined around 1900 to form

1354:, was established in 1850 and formally recognised as an educational establishment in 1868 by the Auckland Grammar School Appropriation Act. In 1888, 2361: 133: 2683: 923:

Grammar schools were established in various British territories, and have developed in different ways since those territories became independent.

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creation of a national system of secondary education by restructuring the endowments of these schools for modern purposes. The result was the

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During the 16th and 17th centuries the establishment of grammar schools became a common act of charity by nobles, wealthy merchants and

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Attempts to move to a comprehensive system (as in the rest of the United Kingdom) have been delayed by shifts in the administration of

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of Latin. To encourage fluency, some schoolmasters recommended punishing any pupil who spoke in English. The younger boys learned the

4118: 1652: 2735: 695:. In England, implementation was less even, with some counties and individual schools successfully resisting conversion or closure. 357:

rhetoric. Other skills, such as arithmetic and handwriting, were taught in odd moments or by travelling specialist teachers such as

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Grammar school pupils were given the best opportunities of any schoolchildren in the state system. Initially, they studied for the

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An example of an early grammar school, founded by an early modern borough corporation unconnected with church, or university, is

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national school system, but the elite schools distinguished themselves by descriptions such as "independent" or "autonomous".

3706: 3214: 3024: 2910: 2876: 2836: 1927: 1883: 1526:, a state-funded secondary institution that may select students from a given school district according to academic criteria. 1430: 1278: 699: 141: 2712: 4069: 1828: 1629: 1246: 736: 708: 1503:, requiring any township of at least 100 households to establish a grammar school, and similar laws followed in the other 3711: 2318: 1343: 635: 615: 510: 2633: 1798: 1116:

and began to admit girls However, the schools were unsupervised, often underfunded and of varying standards. Some, like

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despite vehement protestations from the majority of Catholic Grammar Schools, most notably by the board of governors at

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Discussion Papers in Economics 2000/52, Centre for Performance Evaluation and Resource Management, University of York

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a few direct-grant schools have acquired a special reputation. The most famous of them is Manchester Grammar School

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Robert Anderson (2003). "The History of Scottish Education, pre-1980". In T. G. K. Bryce; Walter M. Humes (eds.).

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was not widely used until the 14th century, the earliest such schools appeared from the sixth century, e.g. the

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traces its history back to the school of Reading Abbey (1125), making it one of the oldest schools in England.

227:(1440) – Winchester and Eton were feeder schools to Oxford and Cambridge universities respectively. They were 4128: 2079: 1986: 1566: 1445: 1014: 479: 424: 412: 328: 300: 3074:

The school is one of a small number of schools in the Republic of Ireland under Church of Ireland management

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was established in 1927 and was the first co-educational grammar school to be established in New Zealand.

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was established as part of Auckland Grammar School. Both schools have since become separate institutions.

2365: 1367: 1266: 691:, though a few were closed. This process proceeded quickly in Wales, with the closure of such schools as 602: 420: 240: 196: 1417:

foundlings, and illegitimate children abandoned by mothers ostracized for breaching racial purity laws.

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in the 16th century, most cathedral schools were closed and replaced by new foundations funded from the

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and charged fees, while most others were abolished or became comprehensive (or sometimes merged with a

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claims to have secured the abolition of the 11-plus and a veto over any system which might follow it.

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made an important contribution to grammar schools, founding a series of schools during his reign (see

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claimed to have ensured the continuation of the grammar school system in the province as part of the

896: 820: 744: 611: 280:). A few grammar schools were also established in the name of Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth I. King 246: 3115: 470:, and the spread of the railways led to new boarding schools teaching a broader curriculum, such as 3736: 3652: 3424: 2854: 2811:"Professor Tony Gallagher, head of the School of Education at Queen's, answers readers' queries..." 1587: 1570: 1496: 1449: 1410: 1140:. The secondary–school collegiate–institute system was also emulated in several other provinces in 1124:, provided a traditional classical education, but many provided a basic education of poor quality. 1041: 960: 832: 692: 515: 451: 285: 150: 47: 43: 2750: 1783:

Geoffrey Walford (1993). "Girls' Private Schooling: Past and Present". In Geoffrey Walford (ed.).

1738:"Chapter XV. English and Scottish Education. Universities and Public Schools to the Time of Colet" 1137: 4255: 4184: 3804: 3771: 3550: 1583: 1550: 1371: 1351: 1326: 1207: 1178: 1009: 990:

provided for the state-assisted foundation of non-denominational grammar schools. Beginning with

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lines. Grammar schools along the lines of those in Great Britain were set up for members of the

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In the 1920s grammar schools of other denominations were established, including members of the

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reflect the post-war British grammar system, focusing on a traditional curriculum rather than

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grammar schools, all the grammar schools established in the 19th century were attached to the

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founded since the introduction of universal secondary education in the Republic by minister

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in Finaghy, (a South Belfast suburb) and Lumen Christi (although co-educational) in Derry.

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The Social Production of Merit: Education, Psychology, and Politics in Australia, 1900–1950

2711:(Press release). Department of Education, Northern Ireland. 4 December 2007. Archived from 1426: 1406: 1262: 1215: 1108: 900: 802: 798: 688: 667: 490: 404: 311: 292: 273: 204: 3166: 2926: 1658: 1103:

Finding the grammar schools unsuitable as preparation for university, Lieutenant-Governor

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took public examinations until the introduction of the less academic and less prestigious

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Inventing secondary education: the rise of the high school in nineteenth-century Ontario

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Secondary education with special reference to grammar schools and technical high schools

1218:. Others are among the many former fee-paying schools absorbed into larger state-funded 39: 4109: 4079: 4044: 3978: 3794: 3726: 3617: 3490: 3465: 3434: 3256: 2016: 1441: 1258: 1223: 1092: 944: 679: 568: 542: 281: 216: 2472:"The Comparative Evaluation of GCSE Value-Added Performance by Type of School and LEA" 1714: 4049: 4029: 3883: 3873: 3836: 3731: 3540: 3512: 3394: 3345: 3308: 3210: 3020: 2906: 2872: 2832: 1923: 1879: 1856: 1488: 1194: 1113: 1104: 979: 848: 828: 663: 572: 562: 506: 408: 129: 2634:"Educational Effects of Widening Access to the Academic Track: A Natural Experiment" 1132:

In recognition of the broad curricula offered, grammar schools were redesignated as

784: 4159: 4091: 4074: 4034: 3988: 3934: 3919: 3897: 3868: 3743: 3522: 3507: 3459: 3330: 3275: 2144: 1863:. The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750–1950. Vol. 3. pp. 119–169. 1198: 1133: 1060: 931: 876: 870: 811: 729: 655: 538: 324: 173: 145: 94: 67: 1322: 4086: 3968: 3924: 3914: 3748: 3627: 2557: 2342: 2104: 2012: 1382: 1298: 1286: 1128: 674: 416: 353: 269: 228: 220: 2400: 2137:"Comprehensive versus Selective Schooling in England in Wales: What Do We Know?" 1487:

Grammar schools on the English and later British models were founded during the

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The last government-run 11-plus exam was held in 2008 (for 2009 entry), but the

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The 19th century saw a series of reforms to grammar schools, culminating in the

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In addition to religious missions and the new high schools, the less selective

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is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the

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J. F. A. Mason, The Borough of Bridgnorth 1157–1957 (Bridgnorth, 1957), 12, 36

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Knowing Women: Origins of Women's Education in Nineteenth-century Australia

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grammar schools were reorganised to provide secondary education throughout

63: 2980:"Public School Boards: Reorganization, Division, Consolidation and Growth" 904: 3753: 3439: 2231: 1974:. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes. 1801:. The Guild School Association, Stratford-upon-Avon. 2003. Archived from 1504: 1334: 964: 839: 98: 2254:

Grammar school pupils 'gain no social or emotional advantages' by age 14

1744:. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes 1174: 947:, and often called themselves "grammar schools". Early examples include 739:

campaigns in favour of such schools, while Comprehensive Future and the

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from the late 12th century, grammar schools became the entry point to a

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An analogous concept to the contemporary English grammar school is the

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Education and society in Hong Kong: toward one country and two systems

1476: 583: 474:(1843). The first girls' schools targeted at university entrance were 3696: 3325: 2677:"Education Minister's Statement for the Stormont Education Committee" 1464: 1290: 1159: 713: 358: 106: 3232: 1059:

The nearest equivalents of contemporary English grammar schools are

435: 4179: 3929: 3575: 3090: 2149: 2136: 2097: 1338: 1253: 1017:(1875), the first of several grammar schools for girls in Australia 618:, was one of the most outspoken advocates of the Tripartite System. 74: 2319:"A guide to petitions and ballots about grammar school admissions" 2098:

The story of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)

1898: 3944: 3939: 3535: 3530: 2306:

The Education (Grammar School Designation) (Amendment) Order 1999

2206: 1084: 781:

and follow the same broad national exams as other state schools.

577: 497:

which restructured the trusts of nine leading schools (including

364: 118: 102: 385:

a school in which the learned languages are grammatically taught

3444: 3298: 3267: 3040: 2901:

Gidney, Robert Douglas; Millar, Winnifred Phoebe Joyce (1990).

2793:"The Minister is losing control of the schools transfer system" 1967: 1737: 774: 541:, and many schools established at that time emulated the great 335: 2613:

Roberts, Nerys; Long, Robert; Foster, David (3 October 2018).

2498: 797:, grammar schools were for the first time to be designated by 284:

founded a series of "Royal Schools" in Ulster, beginning with

3171:

Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society

320: 304: 122: 78: 27:

Type of school in the United Kingdom and some other countries

2321:. Department for Education and Schools. 2000. Archived from 2166:

The impact of the structure of secondary education in Slough

650:(known as the CSE) in 1965. Until the implementation of the 403:

Act 1788. Such a dispute between the trustees and master of

315:

Old Grammar School, Market Harborough, Leicestershire (1614)

231:, so they could educate pupils from anywhere in the nation. 2850: 2848: 2593: 1799:"Educating Shakespeare: School Life in Elizabethan England" 1495:, founded as the Latin Grammar School in 1635. In 1647 the 2220: 140:

in the 1960s and 1970s, some grammar schools became fully

2631: 1346:, they are regarded as any other secondary institutions. 735:

in England and the 69 remaining in Northern Ireland. The

110: 2845: 2615:"Recent policy developments: Grammar schools in England" 2388:"Select Committee on Education and Skills Fourth Report" 2163: 1679: 371:

List of English and Welsh endowed schools (19th century)

2276:

The Education (Grammar School Ballots) Regulations 1998

2210:. House of Commons. 22 March 1978. col. 582W–586W. 594:

Two types of grammar schools existed under the system:

442:, a pioneer of women's education and founding head of 3204: 2418:. Kent County Council. 2009. p. 4. Archived from 395:

Parliament to change their statutes; examples are the

2291:

The Education (Grammar School Designation) Order 1998

1901:"A Short Account of the Free Grammar School at Leeds" 1735: 327:, Gloucester, founded by John and Joan Cook in 1539, 249:, founded in 1503 by Bridgnorth Borough Corporation. 128:

Grammar schools became one of the three tiers of the

3207:

Excellence in Education: The Making of Great Schools

2866: 1922:. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer. pp. 129–169. 642:(Advanced level). In contrast, very few students at 260:. For example, the oldest extant schools in Wales – 241:

Neo-Latin § Latin in school education 1500–1700

211:

education, with Latin seen as the foundation of the

2221:

Welcome to the National Grammar Schools Association

2135:Pischke, Jörn-Steffen; Manning, Alan (April 2006). 1358:was established. In 1917 Auckland Grammar School's 62:and other English-speaking countries, originally a 2594:Heather Stewart; Peter Walker (9 September 2016). 2589: 2587: 2499:Ian Schagen and Sandie Schagen (19 October 2001). 1854: 728:commonly refers to one of the 163 remaining fully 719: 2612: 1965: 268:(1557) – were established on the sites of former 4237: 1878:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 219–228. 1785:The Private Schooling of Girls: Past and Present 1782: 1673: 1083:Grammar schools provided secondary education in 918: 537:there was a great emphasis on the importance of 430: 2770:"Parents put their faith in new entrance tests" 2674: 2596:"Theresa May to end ban on new grammar schools" 2584: 2268: 2266: 2011: 1920:The Education of the Anglican Clergy, 1780–1839 1873: 234: 2933:. University of Toronto/Université Laval. 2000 2871:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–97. 2826: 2550: 2531: 2501:"The impact of selection on pupil performance" 2134: 1905:The Register of Leeds Grammar School 1820–1896 1823: 1742:Volume II: English. The End of the Middle Ages 1713:. London: HM Stationery Office. Archived from 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1657:. London: HM Stationery Office. Archived from 1519:, which were also known as "grammar schools". 550:Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907 365:Grammar schools in the 18th and 19th centuries 3283: 2413:"Admissions to secondary school 2009 booklet" 1984: 1899:J.H.D. Matthews; Vincent Thompson Jr (1897). 1087:until 1871. The first lieutenant-governor of 970:With the exception of the non-denominational 66:, but more recently an academically oriented 3164: 2900: 2571: 2512:National Foundation for Educational Research 2469: 2263: 2173:National Foundation for Educational Research 2164:Ian Schagen; Sandy Schagen (November 2001). 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 2709:"Minister Ruane outlines education reforms" 2632:Eric Maurin; Sandra McNally (August 2007). 2401:BBC: Family and education: 8 September 2016 2335: 2005: 1855:Gillian Sutherland (1990). "Education". In 1688: 1580:Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn 1436:When Singapore became independent from the 1234:, a co-educational comprehensive, in 1972. 865:List of grammar schools in Northern Ireland 186: 162: 3290: 3276: 2534:"Grammars show they can compete with best" 1978: 1787:. London: The Woburn Press. pp. 9–32. 1703: 1647: 2645:. Centre for the Economics of Education, 2553:"Anger over Labour's grammar school deal" 2148: 2125:London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965, p.195 1837: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1511:The name "grammar school" was adopted by 855:parties remain opposed to any expansion. 301:Grammar School of the Church of Edinburgh 2905:. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 80–81. 2580:. Second Caroline Benn Memorial Lecture. 2574:"The Right to a Comprehensive Education" 2077: 1892: 1475: 1381: 1321: 1241: 1173: 1070: 996: 930: 875: 783: 760: 582: 520: 434: 310: 172: 38: 3233:A general timeline of English education 3160: 3158: 2931:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online 2748: 2338:"Campaign against 11-plus is faltering" 2110:Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 2080:"The golden age of the grammar schools" 2048:House of Commons Library Briefing Paper 2038: 1972:Volume XIV. The Victorian Age, Part Two 1907:. Leeds: Laycock and Sons. p. xvi. 795:School Standards and Framework Act 1998 14: 4238: 3238:The situation of grammar schools today 3013: 2790: 2767: 2728:"'Test' schools accept D grade pupils" 2447:. Medway Council. 2010. Archived from 1970:. In A. W. Ward; A. R. Waller (eds.). 1765: 1740:. In A. W. Ward; A. R. Waller (eds.). 1054:Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria 590:, a former direct-grant grammar school 3271: 3173:. New York: Macmillan Reference Books 2982:. Archives of Ontario. Archived from 2725: 2649:, Discussion Paper 85. Archived from 2308:(Coming into force 1 September 1999). 2078:Hitchens, Peter (21 September 2021). 1917: 303:(1128) passed from church control to 18:Grammar schools in the United Kingdom 4220: 4070:Ancient higher-learning institutions 3155: 2278:(Coming into force 3 December 1998). 1830:A Dictionary of the English Language 1630:National Grammar Schools Association 1575:Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley 1305:) and all five of his predecessors. 1226:in September 1967. Examples include 1189:has traditionally been organised on 737:National Grammar Schools Association 556: 77:grammar schools was the teaching of 4251:State schools in the United Kingdom 2751:"Schools guard against test cheats" 2675:Caitríona Ruane (31 January 2008). 2532:Sian Griffiths (18 November 2007). 1942: 1876:Scottish Education: Post-Devolution 1680:Peter Gordon; Denis Lawton (2003). 858: 46:is a grammar school for girls with 24: 2768:Torney, Kathryn (22 August 2009). 2551:Richard Garner (1 December 2001). 2303:Statutory Instrument 1999 No. 2456 2293:(Coming into force 1 October 1998) 2288:Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2219 2273:Statutory Instrument 1998 No. 2876 1318:Secondary education in New Zealand 1127:Chief Superintendent of Education 838:In September 2016, Prime Minister 757:List of grammar schools in England 648:Certificate of Secondary Education 25: 4272: 3226: 3205:Cyril Taylor; Conor Ryan (2013). 3019:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 117–145. 2831:. Routledge. pp. 41–42, 46. 2749:Taggart, Maggie (28 April 2009). 2572:Clyde Chitty (16 November 2002). 2039:Danechi, Shadi (3 January 2020). 1031:Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School 1002:Rockhampton Girls' Grammar School 297:Choir School of Glasgow Cathedral 32:Elementary school (United States) 4219: 4210: 4209: 4198: 3297: 2791:Torney, Kathryn (3 March 2009). 2726:Smith, Lisa (17 December 2007). 1985:Shadi Danechi (3 January 2020), 1861:Social Agencies and Institutions 1596:Watford Grammar School for Girls 1471: 1075:Galt Grammar School (1852) (now 881:Coleraine Academical Institution 632:General Certificate of Education 407:led to a celebrated case in the 113:and other subjects. In the late 85:was broadened, first to include 4246:Education in the United Kingdom 3198: 3185: 3142:Britannica Online Encyclopaedia 3130: 3108: 3079: 3054: 3033: 3007: 3004:Gidney and Millar, pp. 196–198. 2998: 2972: 2969:Gidney and Millar, pp. 150–174. 2963: 2954: 2945: 2919: 2894: 2885: 2860: 2820: 2803: 2784: 2761: 2742: 2719: 2701: 2668: 2625: 2606: 2565: 2544: 2525: 2492: 2463: 2437: 2405: 2394: 2380: 2354: 2329: 2311: 2296: 2281: 2247: 2236: 2225: 2214: 2207:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2194: 2157: 2128: 2115: 2090: 2071: 2062: 2032: 1959: 1936: 1911: 1867: 1682:Dictionary of British Education 1654:The Education of the Adolescent 1620:History of education in England 1592:Watford Grammar School for Boys 1536: 1461:Singapore Chinese Girls' School 720:Current British grammar schools 2960:Gidney and Millar, pp. 86–114. 2390:. UK Parliament. 14 July 2004. 1817: 1791: 1756: 1736:Rev. T.A. Walker (1907–1921). 1729: 1641: 1600:William Hulme's Grammar School 1356:Auckland Girls' Grammar School 1311: 1015:Brisbane Girls' Grammar School 903:in October 2006. By contrast, 793:Under the Labour government's 476:North London Collegiate School 444:North London Collegiate School 258:dissolution of the monasteries 89:, and later English and other 13: 1: 3193:definitions of grammar school 2951:Gidney and Millar, pp. 82–84. 2867:Marjorie R. Theobald (1996). 2336:Judith Judd (28 March 2000). 1635: 1567:Kirkby Stephen Grammar School 1271:English College (Johor Bahru) 1021:Ipswich Girls' Grammar School 919:In other countries or regions 431:Victorian-era grammar schools 3476:University technical college 2364:. teachernet. Archived from 2243:Campaign for State Education 2141:NBER Working Paper No. 12176 1377: 1283:La Sallian family of schools 1147: 984:Anglican Church of Australia 926: 741:Campaign for State Education 603:Direct-grant grammar schools 383:defined a grammar school as 235:Early modern grammar schools 7: 2041:"Grammar School Statistics" 1608: 1368:Mount Albert Grammar School 1364:Epsom Girls' Grammar School 1267:Malay College Kuala Kangsar 1237: 709:partially selective schools 425:St David's College Lampeter 397:Macclesfield Grammar School 134:local education authorities 10: 4277: 3405:College-preparatory school 3209:. Routledge. p. 229. 3195:in most U.S. dictionaries. 3169:. In Paula S. Fass (ed.). 2647:London School of Economics 2642:London School of Economics 2508:Council of Members Meeting 2018:The New Anatomy of Britain 1994:, House of Commons Library 1966:J.W. Adamson (1907–1921). 1945:"Grammar Schools Act 1840" 1446:Nanyang Girls' High School 1315: 1296:Prime Minister of Malaysia 1169: 1151: 1037:Rockhampton Grammar School 862: 754: 750: 560: 480:Cheltenham Ladies' College 368: 329:Sir Roger Manwood's School 238: 166: 157: 29: 4193: 4172: 4142: 4105: 4065: 4058: 4002: 3961: 3905: 3896: 3859: 3850: 3790: 3783: 3645: 3610: 3521: 3498: 3489: 3415:Comprehensive high school 3385: 3344: 3316: 3306: 3248:Q and A: Advanced schools 2123:Anatomy of Britain Today, 2103:11 September 2009 at the 1988:Grammar school statistics 1405:, was founded in 1823 by 1077:Galt Collegiate Institute 1066: 1047:Townsville Grammar School 949:Launceston Grammar School 912:Northern Ireland Assembly 897:Democratic Unionist Party 745:University College London 743:campaign against them. A 628:Higher School Certificate 612:Manchester Grammar School 482:(from the appointment of 247:Bridgnorth Grammar School 193:King's School, Canterbury 179:King's School, Canterbury 3772:State-integrated school 3646:By funding / eligibility 3425:Continuation high school 3087:"Ashton School: history" 2857:, Queensland Government. 2855:Grammar Schools Act 2016 2619:House of Commons Library 2362:"Grammar school ballots" 1968:"Chapter XIV. Education" 1949:www.educationengland.org 1588:Tadcaster Grammar School 1571:Penistone Grammar School 1529: 1497:Massachusetts Bay Colony 1450:Maris Stella High School 1285:and those set up by the 1247:St. George's Institution 1042:Toowoomba Grammar School 988:Grammar Schools Act 1860 961:Melbourne Grammar School 693:Cowbridge Grammar School 654:in the 1960's expanding 644:secondary modern schools 516:Endowed Schools Act 1869 459:Grammar Schools Act 1840 452:Endowed Schools Act 1869 421:St Bees Clerical College 286:The Royal School, Armagh 197:King's School, Rochester 163:Medieval grammar schools 73:The original purpose of 44:Henrietta Barnett School 4185:Educational institution 3805:Anarchistic free school 3551:Institute of technology 3041:"Bandon Grammar School" 2891:McCallum (1990), p. 45. 2827:David McCallum (1990). 2068:Sampson (1971), p. 143. 1684:. London: Woburn Press. 1584:Steyning Grammar School 1551:Beverley Grammar School 1431:Methodist Girls' School 1372:Takapuna Grammar School 1352:Auckland Grammar School 1327:Auckland Grammar School 1279:St George's Institution 1208:Drogheda Grammar School 1179:Drogheda Grammar School 1097:Kingston Grammar School 1010:Brisbane Grammar School 953:Pulteney Grammar School 890:Rathmore Grammar School 608:Headmasters' Conference 495:Public Schools Act 1868 389:Aberdeen Grammar School 343:Spalding Grammar School 299:(founded 1124) and the 264:(founded 1541) and the 201:St Peter's School, York 136:moved to non-selective 4015:Compensatory education 3767:State or public school 3593:Upper division college 3064:. Sligo Grammar School 2445:"Secondary admissions" 2202:"Direct Grant Schools" 2023:Hodder & Stoughton 1615:Grammar schools debate 1555:Enfield Grammar School 1543:Appleby Grammar School 1491:, the first being the 1484: 1463:was set up by several 1390: 1330: 1303:St. John's Institution 1250: 1212:Dundalk Grammar School 1182: 1158:Mainstream schools in 1154:Education in Hong Kong 1080: 1026:Ipswich Grammar School 1005: 992:Ipswich Grammar School 986:). In Queensland, the 957:Geelong Grammar School 939: 884: 842:reversed the previous 790: 769: 630:, replaced in 1951 by 616:Lord James of Rusholme 591: 530: 447: 316: 262:Christ College, Brecon 187: 182: 51: 3671:Comprehensive school 3598:Vocational university 3165:Charles Dorn (2003). 3138:"Boston Latin School" 3118:. Boston Latin School 2470:David Jesson (2000). 1563:Ilkley Grammar School 1559:Hutton Grammar School 1547:Batley Grammar School 1501:Old Deluder Satan Law 1479: 1411:Raffles Girls' School 1401:The oldest of these, 1385: 1344:Ministry of Education 1325: 1245: 1204:Bandon Grammar School 1177: 1138:collegiate institutes 1074: 1000: 972:Sydney Grammar School 936:Sydney Grammar School 934: 879: 787: 764: 689:comprehensive schools 638:(Ordinary level) and 586: 524: 438: 401:Bolton Grammar School 369:Further information: 331:, founded in 1563 by 314: 266:Friars School, Bangor 176: 138:comprehensive schools 64:school teaching Latin 42: 4134:in the United States 4025:Continuing education 4020:Compulsory education 3864:Free school movement 3832:Single-sex education 3817:International school 3800:Democratic education 3679:For-profit education 3666:Community day school 3561:Liberal arts college 3420:Comprehensive school 3410:Collegiate institute 3243:Support Kent Schools 2325:on 26 February 2005. 2232:Comprehensive Future 2025:. pp. 139–145. 1955:on 14 November 2013. 1918:Slinn, Sara (2017). 1454:Catholic High School 1452:(for boys only) and 1427:Anglo-Chinese School 1423:Anglican High School 1407:Sir Stamford Raffles 1275:King George V School 1263:Victoria Institution 1216:Sligo Grammar School 1109:Upper Canada College 901:St Andrews Agreement 803:Ripon Grammar School 799:statutory instrument 733:state-funded schools 614:, whose headmaster, 491:Clarendon Commission 405:Leeds Grammar School 295:schools such as the 293:Scottish Reformation 278:King Edward's School 205:ancient universities 188:scolae grammaticales 177:Norman staircase at 4143:Informal or illegal 4097:Medieval university 4040:Inclusive education 4010:College preparatory 3571:Residential college 3566:Research university 3503:Professional school 3378:/ Elementary school 2715:on 1 December 2008. 2451:on 29 December 2010 1493:Boston Latin School 1481:Boston Latin School 1403:Raffles Institution 1387:Raffles Institution 1228:Cork Grammar School 1187:Republic of Ireland 779:National Curriculum 588:Framlingham College 525:Laboratory, Brecon 493:, which led to the 472:Marlborough College 391:, retain the name. 254:English Reformation 195:(founded 597), the 142:independent schools 4205:Schools portal 4110:indigenous peoples 4107:Schools imposed on 4045:Remedial education 3979:Distance education 3795:Alternative school 3784:By style / purpose 3759:Specialist school 3618:All-through school 3466:Sixth form college 3093:on 2 February 2007 3062:"About the school" 2521:on 4 January 2012. 1517:elementary schools 1485: 1444:(co-educational), 1442:Dunman High School 1391: 1331: 1259:Penang Free School 1251: 1183: 1093:John Graves Simcoe 1081: 1006: 940: 885: 844:Conservative Party 829:specialist schools 791: 770: 680:Anatomy of Britain 624:School Certificate 592: 531: 448: 411:. After 10 years, 317: 272:monasteries. King 217:Winchester College 185:Although the term 183: 91:European languages 52: 4233: 4232: 4168: 4167: 4050:Special education 4030:Further education 3957: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3892: 3891: 3879:Montessori school 3874:Laboratory school 3837:Specialist school 3775: 3762: 3707:UK private school 3692: 3674: 3656: 3641: 3640: 3606: 3605: 3541:Community college 3513:Vocational school 3395:Adult high school 3309:educational stage 3216:978-1-136-61021-9 3026:978-0-87332-743-5 2912:978-0-7735-0746-3 2878:978-0-521-42004-4 2838:978-1-85000-859-0 2816:. 10 August 2009. 2814:Belfast Telegraph 2797:Belfast Telegraph 2780:on 19 April 2013. 2774:Belfast Telegraph 2738:on 19 April 2013. 2732:Belfast Telegraph 2689:on 3 October 2008 2656:on 3 October 2008 2182:on 4 January 2012 1929:978-1-78327-175-7 1885:978-0-7486-0980-2 1857:F. M. L. Thompson 1362:was established, 1220:community schools 1195:Church of Ireland 1185:Education in the 1114:Church of England 1105:Sir John Colborne 1061:selective schools 980:Church of England 573:Tripartite System 563:Tripartite System 557:Tripartite System 529:for Girls in 1896 507:Shrewsbury School 409:Court of Chancery 399:Act 1774 and the 130:Tripartite System 16:(Redirected from 4268: 4223: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4092:Cathedral school 4075:Platonic Academy 4063: 4062: 4035:Gifted education 3989:Prison education 3935:Parochial school 3920:Christian school 3903: 3902: 3869:Folk high school 3857: 3856: 3788: 3787: 3773: 3761:(United Kingdom) 3760: 3744:Selective school 3690: 3672: 3654: 3508:Technical school 3496: 3495: 3460:Secondary school 3364:Global influence 3331:Pre-kindergarten 3314: 3313: 3292: 3285: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3221: 3220: 3202: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3167:"Grammar School" 3162: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3089:. 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Archived from 1943:Gillard, Derek. 1940: 1934: 1933: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1852: 1835: 1834: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1780: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1701: 1686: 1685: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1645: 1602: 1540: 1265:(Kuala Lumpur), 1199:disestablishment 1134:secondary school 871:Northern Ireland 859:Northern Ireland 853:Liberal Democrat 812:eleven plus exam 656:higher education 634:examinations at 539:self-improvement 325:The Crypt School 229:boarding schools 190: 146:secondary modern 95:natural sciences 81:. Over time the 68:secondary school 21: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4199: 4197: 4189: 4164: 4138: 4129:in South Africa 4112: 4108: 4101: 4087:Monastic school 4054: 3998: 3969:Boarding school 3949: 3925:Female seminary 3915:Catholic school 3888: 3846: 3779: 3749:Separate school 3637: 3628:One-room school 3602: 3546:Graduate school 3517: 3485: 3381: 3340: 3318:Early childhood 3302: 3296: 3257:Grammar schools 3229: 3224: 3217: 3203: 3199: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3163: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3096: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3012: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2825: 2821: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2789: 2785: 2766: 2762: 2747: 2743: 2724: 2720: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2636: 2630: 2626: 2611: 2607: 2592: 2585: 2570: 2566: 2558:The Independent 2549: 2545: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2503: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2474: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2425:on 5 March 2012 2422: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2395: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2350:on 3 June 2008. 2343:The Independent 2334: 2330: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2301: 2297: 2286: 2282: 2271: 2264: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2133: 2129: 2120: 2116: 2105:Wayback Machine 2095: 2091: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2043: 2037: 2033: 2013:Anthony Sampson 2010: 2006: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1964: 1960: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1916: 1912: 1897: 1893: 1886: 1872: 1868: 1853: 1838: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1806: 1805:on 2 March 2001 1797: 1796: 1792: 1781: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1745: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1717:on 6 April 2010 1702: 1689: 1678: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1661:on 6 April 2010 1646: 1642: 1638: 1611: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1489:colonial period 1474: 1380: 1320: 1314: 1308: 1299:Najib Tun Razak 1287:Marist Brothers 1277:(Seremban) and 1240: 1224:Donogh O'Malley 1172: 1156: 1150: 1129:Egerton Ryerson 1118:Tassie's School 1069: 929: 921: 867: 861: 759: 753: 722: 700:private schools 675:Anthony Sampson 565: 559: 433: 423:, in 1817, and 417:Lord Chancellor 373: 367: 354:parts of speech 243: 237: 221:Oswestry School 171: 165: 160: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4274: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4256:School systems 4253: 4248: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4217: 4207: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4174: 4173:Related topics 4170: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4160:in South Tyrol 4157: 4152: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4124:in New Zealand 4121: 4115: 4113: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4082: 4077: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3994:Virtual school 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3884:Waldorf school 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3812: 3810:Sudbury school 3807: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3769: 3764: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3704: 3702:Private school 3699: 3694: 3686: 3684:Free education 3681: 3676: 3668: 3663: 3661:Charter school 3658: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3556:Junior college 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3457: 3455:Minor seminary 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3430:Grammar school 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3376:Primary school 3373: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3311: 3304: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3254: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3227:External links 3225: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3197: 3184: 3154: 3129: 3107: 3078: 3053: 3032: 3025: 3006: 2997: 2986:on 10 May 2010 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2927:"Stuart, John" 2918: 2911: 2893: 2884: 2877: 2859: 2844: 2837: 2819: 2802: 2783: 2760: 2741: 2718: 2700: 2667: 2624: 2605: 2583: 2564: 2543: 2524: 2491: 2462: 2436: 2404: 2393: 2379: 2353: 2328: 2310: 2295: 2280: 2262: 2246: 2235: 2224: 2213: 2193: 2156: 2150:10.3386/w12176 2127: 2114: 2089: 2070: 2061: 2031: 2004: 1977: 1958: 1935: 1928: 1910: 1891: 1884: 1866: 1836: 1825:Samuel Johnson 1816: 1790: 1764: 1755: 1728: 1707:, ed. 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(1926). 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1513:public schools 1473: 1470: 1438:United Kingdom 1379: 1376: 1313: 1310: 1239: 1236: 1230:, replaced by 1191:denominational 1171: 1168: 1149: 1146: 1142:Western Canada 1068: 1065: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1012: 945:public schools 928: 925: 920: 917: 860: 857: 766:Reading School 752: 749: 726:grammar school 721: 718: 685:Circular 10/65 677:, in his book 658:, pupils from 652:Robbins Report 620: 619: 600: 561:Main article: 558: 555: 543:public schools 489:Following the 484:Dorothea Beale 466:'s reforms at 432: 429: 377:Samuel Johnson 366: 363: 323:; for example 236: 233: 164: 161: 159: 156: 60:United Kingdom 56:grammar school 48:academy status 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4273: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4226: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4206: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 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3842:Vocal school 3827:Music school 3689:Free school 3633:Ranch school 3481:Upper school 3450:Maths school 3429: 3354:First school 3336:Kindergarten 3262:The Guardian 3260: 3251: 3206: 3200: 3187: 3175:. Retrieved 3170: 3147:13 September 3145:. Retrieved 3141: 3132: 3120:. Retrieved 3110: 3102: 3095:. Retrieved 3091:the original 3081: 3073: 3066:. Retrieved 3056: 3044:. Retrieved 3035: 3016: 3009: 3000: 2988:. Retrieved 2984:the original 2974: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2935:. Retrieved 2930: 2921: 2902: 2896: 2887: 2868: 2862: 2828: 2822: 2813: 2805: 2796: 2786: 2778:the original 2773: 2763: 2754: 2744: 2736:the original 2731: 2721: 2713:the original 2703: 2691:. Retrieved 2684:the original 2670: 2658:. Retrieved 2651:the original 2640: 2627: 2618: 2608: 2599: 2577: 2567: 2556: 2546: 2537: 2527: 2516:the original 2507: 2494: 2482:. Retrieved 2478: 2465: 2453:. Retrieved 2449:the original 2439: 2427:. Retrieved 2420:the original 2407: 2396: 2382: 2370:. Retrieved 2366:the original 2356: 2348:the original 2341: 2331: 2323:the original 2313: 2305: 2298: 2290: 2283: 2275: 2258:The Guardian 2256: 2249: 2238: 2227: 2216: 2205: 2196: 2184:. Retrieved 2177:the original 2159: 2140: 2130: 2122: 2121:Sampson, A. 2117: 2096: 2092: 2083: 2073: 2064: 2052:. Retrieved 2047: 2034: 2026: 2017: 2007: 1996:, retrieved 1987: 1980: 1971: 1961: 1953:the original 1948: 1938: 1919: 1913: 1904: 1894: 1875: 1869: 1860: 1829: 1819: 1807:. Retrieved 1803:the original 1793: 1784: 1758: 1746:. Retrieved 1741: 1731: 1719:. Retrieved 1715:the original 1709: 1681: 1675: 1663:. Retrieved 1659:the original 1653: 1643: 1625:Latin school 1538: 1521: 1510: 1499:enacted the 1486: 1458: 1435: 1419: 1415: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1348: 1332: 1307: 1252: 1184: 1157: 1126: 1102: 1089:Upper Canada 1082: 1058: 1051: 969: 941: 922: 909: 894: 886: 868: 837: 825: 817: 808: 792: 771: 725: 723: 705: 697: 678: 672: 621: 593: 566: 547: 533:In the late 532: 499:Eton College 488: 468:Rugby School 456: 449: 440:Frances Buss 393: 384: 380: 374: 347: 318: 290: 251: 244: 225:Eton College 209:liberal arts 184: 169:Latin school 127: 72: 55: 53: 36: 3962:By location 3852:Progressive 3754:Sink school 3723:University 3712:preparatory 3440:Hauptschule 3097:13 February 3068:13 February 2050:(1398): 4–5 1505:New England 1429:(1886) and 1366:. In 1922, 1335:New Zealand 1312:New Zealand 974:(1857) and 965:Hale School 963:(1858) and 840:Theresa May 478:(1850) and 252:During the 223:(1407) and 99:mathematics 4240:Categories 4150:in Ireland 4059:Historical 3974:Day school 3586:Collegiate 3581:University 2484:11 October 2455:2 November 2186:19 October 2171:(Report). 2021:. London: 1705:Will Spens 1649:W.H. Hadow 1636:References 1316:See also: 1166:subjects. 1164:vocational 1152:See also: 976:Queensland 863:See also: 755:See also: 548:Under the 486:in 1858). 413:Lord Eldon 381:Dictionary 359:scriveners 239:See also: 199:(604) and 167:See also: 83:curriculum 4155:in Greece 4119:in Canada 3898:Religious 3697:Institute 3691:(England) 3673:(British) 3655:(England) 3435:Gymnasium 3387:Secondary 3326:Preschool 2540:. 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