1652:
1257:
4707:
2139:
1404:
49:
1947:
1664:
1691:. They are human, but only half the height of a normal man, with claws instead of nails, and a hairy tail and huge hairy ears which they use as mattress and cover for sleeping. They dig into their wall each day until they almost break through. They break for the night saying, "Tomorrow we will finish", but each night God restores it. Then one day, as they stop digging for the night, one will say, "Tomorrow we will finish, God Willing", and in the morning, it is not restored as with every night. When they do break through, they will be so numerous that, "Their vanguard is in
1931:, and he would wipe their faces and would inform them of their ranks in Paradise and it would be under such conditions that God would reveal to Isa (alaihis salam) these words: I have brought forth from amongst My servants such people against whom none would be able to fight; you take these people safely to Tur, and then God would send Gog and Magog and they would swarm down from every slope. The first of them would pass the lake of Tiberias and drink out of it. And when the last of them would pass, he would say: There was once water there.
1384:
8206:
1592:
8218:
1759:
6470:
2605:
2852:
produced a new body of apocalyptic literature in which Gog and Magog are identified as
Communist Russia and China. One problem these writers have had to confront is the barrier holding Gog and Magog back, which is not to be found in the modern world: the answer varies, some writers saying that Gog and Magog were the Mongols and that the wall is now gone, others that both the wall and Gog and Magog are invisible.
1583:(late 7th century) and the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (7th century) would continue to identify Gog and Magog as among those barbarian groups encapsulated behind Alexander's walls, but they would also combine this with the apocalyptic motif of Revelation and assert that the end of the world would also involve the barbarian groups penetrating through the wall and bringing about the apocalypse.
1648:'the two-horned one'). Dhul-Qarnayn, having journeyed to the ends of the world, meets "a people who scarcely understood a word" who seek his help in building a barrier that will separate them from the people of Ya'juj and Ma'juj who "do great mischief on earth". He agrees to build it for them, but warns that when the time comes (Last Age), God will remove the barrier.
2553:'s 1240s journey to Mongolia, is unique in alleging that these Caspian Mountains in Mongolia, "where the Jews called Gog and Magog by their fellow countrymen are said to have been shut in by Alexander", were moreover purported by the Tartars to be magnetic, causing all iron equipment and weapons to fly off toward the mountains on approach. In 1251, the French friar
4720:. Though the Alexander Romance was decisive for the spreading of the new and supernatural image of Alexander the king in East and West, the barrier episode has not its origin in this text. The fusion of the motif of Alexander's barrier with the Biblical tradition of the apocalyptic peoples Gog and Magog appears in fact for the first time in the so called
1879:("Story of King Alexander"). This version argued, contrary to other traditions where both Gog and Magog variously descend from Adam, Noah, or Jesus, that Gog descended from the semen Adam produced while he dreamt of intercourse with Eve, and that Magog descended from the menstrual blood of Eve. Alexander ("Iskandar") is taught this story by the prophet
2768:
were descendants of the biblical
Japheth, son of Noah, and of the tribe of Magog. According to political scientist Christopher Marsh, "the implications" of being descendants of the tribe of Magog, depicted as being thrown out of heaven in the biblical Revelation of John, "apparently didn't matter to
2792:
as "The War of Gog and Magog". But as the century progressed, apocalyptic expectations receded as the populace in Europe began to adopt an increasingly secular worldview. This has not been the case in the United States, where a 2002 poll indicated that 59% of
Americans believed the events predicted
2662:
on the shores of the
Caspian Sea in 1254, identified the people the walls were meant to fend off only vaguely as "wild tribes" or "desert nomads", but one researcher made the inference Rubruck must have meant Jews, and that he was speaking in the context of "Gog and Magog". Confined Jews were later
2851:
In the
Islamic apocalyptic tradition, the end of the world would be preceded by the release of Gog and Magog, whose destruction by God in a single night would usher in the Day of Resurrection. Reinterpretation did not generally continue after Classical times, but the needs of the modern world have
2646:
remained skeptics, and distinguished the Lost Tribes from Gog and Magog. As noted, Riccoldo had reported a Mongol folk-tradition that they were descended from Gog and Magog. He also addressed many minds (Westerners or otherwise) being credulous of the notion that
Mongols might be Captive Jews, but
1427:
rivers"; this seems a strange location, but ancient geography did sometimes place
Ethiopia next to Persia or even India. The passage has a highly uncertain text, with manuscripts varying in their groupings of the letters of the Greek text into words, leading to different readings; one group of
2509:
referred to Gazari, said of the
Khazars that they were "living in the lands of Gog and Magog" and noted that they were "circumcised and observing all Judaism". Arab traveler ibn Fadlan also reported of this belief, writing around 921 he recorded that "Khazars are part of the Gog and Magog".
2048:
is considered the first work to connect the Gates with the idea that Gog and Magog are destined to play a role in the apocalypse. The legend claims that
Alexander carved prophecies on the face of the Gate, marking a date for when these Huns, consisting of 24 nations, will breach the Gate and
1443:, from about the same time, makes three references to either Gog or Magog: in the first, Magog is a descendant of Noah, as in Genesis 10; in the second, Gog is a region next to Japheth's borders; and in the third, a portion of Japheth's land is assigned to Magog. The 1st-century
1338:, a nomadic people north of the Black Sea, and Beth Togarmah was on the border of Tubal. The confederation thus represents a multinational alliance surrounding Israel. "Why the prophet's gaze should have focused on these particular nations is unclear", comments Biblical scholar
1459:(a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made during the last few centuries of the pre-Christian era) occasionally introduce the name of Gog where the Hebrew original has something else, or use Magog where the Hebrew has Gog, indicating that the names were interchangeable.
1171:, where Gog is an individual and Magog is his land. The meaning of the name Gog remains uncertain, and in any case, the author of the Ezekiel prophecy seems to attach no particular importance to it. Efforts have been made to identify him with various individuals, notably
2561:, the land of Gog and Magog is drawn in the northeast corner (beyond Northeast Asia) and enclosed. Some medieval European world maps also show the location of the lands of Gog and Magog in the far northeast of Asia (and the northeast corner of the world).
1726:). Sallam returned a little over two years later and reported that he had seen the wall and also the tower where Dhul Qarnayn had left his building equipment, and all was still intact. It is not entirely clear what Sallam saw, but he may have reached
2635:(c. 1169–1173), and he was indeed a far greater influence than others before him, although the idea had been anticipated by the aforementioned Christian of Stavelot, who noted that the Khazhars, to be identified with Gog and Magog, was one of
2525:, but when they entered Poland and Hungary and annihilated Christian armies a terrified Europe concluded that they were "Magogoli", the offspring of Gog and Magog, released from the prison Alexander had constructed for them and heralding
1342:, but their remoteness and reputation for violence and mystery possibly "made Gog and his confederates perfect symbols of the archetypal enemy, rising against God and his people". One explanation is that the Gog alliance, a blend of the "
2005:
built by
Alexander. By the time of Josephus, Alexander was already a Jewish folk hero. However, the earliest fusion of Alexander's gate and the apocalyptic nations of Gog and Magog is a product of late antiquity, in what is known as the
1498:, treat Gog and Magog as two names for the same nation who will come against Israel in the final war. The rabbis associated no specific nation or territory with them beyond a location to the north of Israel, but the great Jewish scholar
1782:. Viking travelers and colonists were seen at many points in history as violent raiders. Many historical documents suggest that their conquests of other territories was retaliation in response to the encroachment upon tribal lands by
2131:(or Turs), and were sealed by the wall erected there, to last until the advent of the Antichrist. Branch IV of the poetic cycle tells that the task of guarding Gog and Magog, as well as the rule of Syria and Persia was assigned to
2089:
into recensions around the 8th century. In the latest and longest Greek version are described the Unclean Nations, which include the Goth and Magoth as their kings, and whose people engage in the habit of eating worms, dogs, human
1527:
When the thousand years are over, Satan will be released from his prison and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the Earth—Gog and Magog—and to gather them for battle. In number they are like the sand on the
1302:, the Gog oracle, tell how Gog of Magog and his hordes will threaten the restored Israel but will be destroyed, after which God will establish a new Temple and dwell with his people for a period of lasting peace (chapters 40–48).
1899:
about the "creatures", he responded by saying God has created "1,200 species on the land, 1,200 species in the sea, 70 species from the Children of Adam and the people are the Children of Adam except for the Yajooj and Majooj".
1423:, for example, which originated in Egyptian Judaism in the middle of the 2nd century BC, changes Ezekiel's "Gog from Magog" to "Gog and Magog", links their fate with up to eleven other nations, and places them "in the midst of
2069:(7th century) is the first source in the Christian tradition for a new element: two mountains moving together to narrow the corridor, which was then sealed with a gate against Gog and Magog. This idea is also in the Quran
1559:
causes the mountains to draw nearer, thus narrowing the pass. There he builds the Caspian Gates out of bronze, coating them with fast-sticking oil. The gates enclosed twenty-two nations and their monarchs, including
298:. According to one interpretation, "Goth and Magothy" are the kings of the Unclean Nations whom Alexander drove through a mountain pass and prevented from crossing his new wall. Gog and Magog are said to engage in
2684:, a 14th-century best-seller, said he had found these Jews in Central Asia where as Gog and Magog they had been imprisoned by Alexander, plotting to escape and join with the Jews of Europe to destroy Christians.
1679:(d. 1283) in two popular works called the Cosmography and the Geography. Gog and Magog, he says, live near to the sea that encircles the Earth and can be counted only by God; this sea is claimed to be the
2500:
As one nomadic people followed another on the Eurasian steppes, so the identification of Gog and Magog shifted. In the 9th and 10th centuries these kingdoms were identified by some with the lands of the
2595:
was that Marco Polo was only referring to the "Rampart of Gog and Magog", a name for the Great Wall of China. Friar André's placement of Gog and Magog far east of Mongolia has been similarly explained.
2557:
informed his king that the Mongols originated from a desert further east, and an apocalyptic Gog and Magog ("Got and Margoth") people dwelled further beyond, confined by the mountains. In the map of
4303:
Simek, Rudolf (2005) "the emergence of the viking age: circumstances and conditions", "The vikings first Europeans VIII – XI century – the new discoveries of archaeology", other, pp. 24–25
311:
The conflation of Gog and Magog with the legend of Alexander and the Iron Gates was disseminated throughout the Near East in the early centuries of the Christian and Islamic era. They appear in the
1564:(therein called "Goth and Magoth"). The geographic location of these mountains is rather vague, described as a 50-day march away northwards after Alexander put to flight his Belsyrian enemies (the
3194:
Rubruck refers Derbent as the "Iron Gate", this also being the meaning of the Turkish name (Demir kapi) for the town. Rubruck may have been the only medieval Westerner to claim to have seen it.
1523:
is to be imprisoned for a thousand years, and how, on his release, he will rally "the nations in the four corners of the Earth, Gog and Magog", to a final battle with Christ and his saints:
1891:
According to Shia sources, Yajooj and Majooj are not from the Children of Adam (the human race). Al-Kafi, one of their primary collections of ahadith, states that it has been narrated from
4312:
Bruno Dumézil, master of Conference at Paris X–Nanterre, Normalien, aggregated history, author of conversion and freedom in the barbarian kingdoms. 5th – 8th centuries (Fayard, 2005)
4440:
5458:
Gow, Andrew. "Gog and Magog on Mappaemundi and early printed world maps: Orientalizing ethnography in the apocalyptic tradition." Journal of Early Modern History 2, no. 1 (1998): 61–88.
4949:
1330:
Internal evidence indicates that the Gog oracle was composed substantially later than the chapters around it. Of Gog's allies, Meshech and Tubal were 7th-century BC kingdoms in central
3080:
Alexander's prayer caused the mountains to move nearer, making the pass narrower, facilitating his building his gate. This is the aforementioned element first seen in pseudo-Methodius.
2062:
contains a somewhat different treatment of the Gog and Magog material, which passed into the lost Arabic version, or the Ethiopic and later Oriental versions of the Alexander romance.
1350:'s trading partners in Ezekiel 27, with Persia added, was cast in the role of end-time enemies of Israel by means of Isaiah 66:19, which is another text of eschatological foretelling.
1855:
texts by religious authorities. They increasingly became prominent during the 16th century, a period of heightened political rivalry and conflict. For example, a text known as the
4400:
1911:, which indicate they will indeed be from the Children of Adam, and this is the belief of the overwhelming majority of Islamic scholars. The "Abbasid orthodoxy" believed the
2483:. A Western monk named Fredegar seems to have Gog and Magog in mind in his description of savage hordes from beyond Alexander's gates who had assisted the Byzantine emperor
2517:, seen as a mysterious and invincible horde from the east who destroyed Muslim empires and kingdoms in the early 13th century; kings and popes took them for the legendary
2343:, as well as multiple Syriac and Greek texts which followed the identification found in the Syriac Alexander Legend over the course of the seventh century and beyond: the
3003:
2990:
2769:
those drawing" the connection who believed that "ncestors were found in the Bible, and that was enough", allegedly making the Rus' a chosen people of the Christian God.
2058:, written originally in Syriac, is considered the source of the Gog and Magog tale incorporated into Western versions of the Alexander Romance. The earlier-dated Syriac
4716:, p. 17, "The episode of Alexander's building a wall against Gog and Magog, however, is not found in the oldest Greek, Latin, Armenian and Syriac versions of the
2994:
3018:, ed. tr. by E. A. Wallis Budge. It has a long full-title, which in shorthand reads "An exploit of Alexander.. how.. he made a gate of iron, and shut it the Huns".
1373:
in a malleable sense, not necessarily meaning final days, or tied to the Apocalypse. Still, the Utopia of chapters 40–48 can be spoken of in the parlance of "true
5986:
Michael, Ian (1982). "Typological Problems in Medieval Alexander Literature: The Enclosure of Gog and Magog". In Isoz, Claire; Olak, Lucie; Noble, Peter (eds.).
2402:
1651:
331:("He of the Two Horns") who is mentioned in the Quran as a great righteous ruler and conqueror. Some contemporary Muslim historians and geographers regarded the
1883:. Nūr ad-Dīn ar-Ranīrī (d. 1658), a Gujariti scholar, depicted Gog and Magog as infidel tribes that eat dogs, descendants of Noah, and originally from Turkey.
2728:
Magog – in these two are large people and giants who are full of all kinds of bad behaviors. These Jews were collected by Artaxerxes from all parts of Persia.
1451:, which retells Biblical history from Adam to Saul, is notable for listing and naming seven of Magog's sons, and mentions his "thousands" of descendants. The
7658:
6997:
6954:
3027:
The first invasion, prophesied to occur 826 years after Alexander predicted, has been worked out to fall on 1 October 514; the second invasion on A.D. 629 (
6923:
6788:
5350:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5325:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5300:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5275:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5250:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5225:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5185:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
5160:
Alemany, Agusti (2023). "Beyond the Wall: Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Gog and Magog Motif". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
2424:
8051:
2588:, but then claims that the names Gog and Magog are translations of the place-names Ung and Mungul, inhabited by the Ung and Mongols respectively.
2166:(c. 1180), where they are portrayed as cave-dwellers who consume human flesh. A condensed account occurs in a derivative work, the Middle English
1256:
5467:
Van Duzer, Chet. "The Legends on the Yale Martellus Map." In Henricus Martellus's World Map at Yale (c. 1491), pp. 44–117. Springer, Cham, 2019.
2203:. Gog and Magog caricaturised as figures with hooked noses on a miniature depicting their attack of the Holy City, found in a manuscript of the
1314:, and prophesy concerning him. Say: Thus said the Lord: Behold, I am against you, Gog, the prince, leader of Meshech and Tubal ... Persia,
7949:
4437:
3185:), and in fact it does derive from Aramaic. However, he saw that Mongols bore no physical resemblance to Jews and were ignorant of Jewish laws.
2178:, Alexander has an encounter with cannibals who have taken over the role of Gog and Magog. This is a case of imperfect transmission, since the
6868:
3125:
to the Greeks, is a city in the itinerary of the historical Alexander. Meyer does not make this identification, and suspects a corruption of
2721:
Magog in istis duabus sunt gentes magni et gigantes pleni omnium malorum morum. Quos iudeos artaxersex collexit de omnibus partibus persarum.
1194:, although there is no mention there of a person named Gog. The name Magog itself is of obscure origin. It is often associated with Assyrian
1198:, "Land of Gyges", i.e., Lydia. Alternatively, Gog may be derived from Magog rather than the other way around, and "Magog" may be code for
4958:, summary of §11 (Michel ed., pp. 295–313), pp. 169–170; appendix II on Gog and Magog episode, pp. 386–389; on third branch, pp. 213, 214.
4119:
1831:
and mentions "Gog and Magog are two groups of Turks, descended from Yafith (Japheth), the father of the Turks, one of the sons of Noah".
7002:
1419:
Magog. The process, and the shifting geography of Gog and Magog, can be traced through the literature of the period. The 3rd book of the
2564:
In fact, Gog and Magog were held by the Mongol to be their ancestors, at least by some segment of the population. As traveler and Friar
7105:
1299:
4397:
8108:
8046:
2975:
The coming of the Messiah ben David "is contemporary with or just after that of Messiah ben Joseph" (van der Woude (1974), p. 527).
1353:
Although the prophecy refers to Gog as an enemy in some future, it is not clear if the confrontation is meant to occur in a final "
6781:
1722:
had a dream in which he saw that it had been breached, and sent an official named Sallam to investigate (this may be related to
8317:
6612:
3108:
Note the change in loyalties. According to the Greek version, Gog and Magog served the Belsyrians, whom Alexander fought them
1770:
and northern Iran; later, when the Mongols destroyed Baghdad in 1258, it was they who were Gog and Magog. Others regarded the
1475:, but after its failure Jews began to conceive of the messianic age in supernatural terms: first would come a forerunner, the
8322:
7187:
6390:(1998). "Gog and Magog On Mappaemundi and Early Printed World Maps: Orientalizing Ethnography in the Apocalyptic Tradition".
4534:
4372:
1151:
2966:
Tooman's view is that the "latter days" means "the end of history-as-we-know-it and the initiation of a new historical age".
1766:
Various nations and peoples in history were identified as Ya'juj and Ma'juj. At one point, it was the Turks, who threatened
1369:) may merely mean "latter days", and is open to interpretation. Twentieth-century scholars have used the term to denote the
7125:
3160:
The idea that Gog and Magog were connected with the Goths was longstanding; in the mid-16th century, Archbishop of Uppsala
2833:
2193:
The Gog and Magog are not only human flesh-eaters, but illustrated as men "a notably beaked nose" in examples such as the "
1225:
4093:
Häberl, Charles (2023). "The Enclosed Nations of Mandaean Lore". In Tamer, Georges; Mein, Andrew; Greisiger, Lutz (eds.).
3053:
The oldest manuscript is recension α. The material is not found in the oldest Greek, Latin, Armenian, and Syriac versions.
7680:
7120:
7019:
4097:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 259–260.
2568:
put it in c. 1291, "They say themselves that they are descended from Gog and Magog: and on this account they are called
182:
8080:
6774:
6043:
5354:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 50–51.
5329:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 45–46.
5304:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 44–45.
5279:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 43–44.
5229:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 40–42.
5164:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 38–40.
4425:
2841:
2701:, the most eastern part contains two fortified regions depicting Gog and Magog, with the following Latin inscriptions:
1205:
The form "Gog and Magog" may have emerged as shorthand for "Gog and/of the land of Magog", based on their usage in the
2505:, a Turkic people whose leaders had converted to Judaism and whose empire dominated Central Asia–the 9th-century monk
8272:
7100:
6580:
6559:
6538:
6517:
6422:
6353:
6325:
6192:
6164:
6132:
6113:
6092:
6018:
5997:
5976:
5955:
5928:
5903:
5803:
5698:
5544:
5359:
5334:
5309:
5284:
5259:
5234:
5194:
5169:
5144:
5067:
5035:
5009:
4853:
4565:
4465:
4351:
4330:
4264:
4175:
4102:
4028:
3999:
3931:
3830:
3770:
3700:
3637:
3572:
3431:
3404:
3347:
3311:
1871:, goes as far as to subvert Quranic teaching in order to use the story of Gog and Magog to vilify colonists from the
7665:
7361:
5254:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. p. 42.
5189:. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - tension, transmission, transformation. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. p. 40.
2869:
742:
502:
4147:
La Leyenda de Alejandro segn el Šāhnāme de Ferdowsī. La transmisión desde la versión griega hast ala versión persa
7712:
7209:
7182:
6813:
3394:
2636:
2138:
1235:, a legendary British giant. A later corrupted folk rendition in print altered the tradition around Gogmagog and
470:
1377:
character, given that it is a product of "cosmic conflict" described in the immediately preceding Gog chapters.
7070:
6445:
6377:
6231:
6064:
2348:
2106:), and sealed beyond the "Breasts of the North", a pair of mountains fifty days' march away towards the north.
1810:, compare the languages, behaviors and sexual activities of the tribes of Gog and Magog with those of Vikings.
48:
6059:. Text and Territory: Geographical Imagination in the European Middle Ages. University of Pennsylvania Press.
7460:
7366:
6818:
2174:
1491:
1018:
711:
8113:
7510:
7410:
5895:
4145:
2874:
2550:
2344:
1012:
2123:, king of India, providing an auxiliary force of 400,000 men. Routed by Alexander, they escaped through a
8307:
8287:
8244:
7993:
7192:
7142:
2816:
still identify Gog with Russia, but they now tend to stress its allies among Islamic nations, especially
2714:
The province of Gog, in which the Jews were confined during the time of Artaxerxes, king of the Persians.
2532:
2339:
the kingdom of the Huns is also used to represent Gog and Magog. This identification can also be foud in
2086:
4514:
1813:
Some scholars further attempt to relate Yajuj and Majuj to the Lake of Tiberias, currently known as the
1629:(Chapter 21), discuss Gog and Magog. In the Qur'an, Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) are suppressed by
1403:
8312:
8297:
8292:
7653:
7505:
7480:
6890:
6605:
6485:
6465:, vol. 1, Translated and edited by Henry Yule (2nd, revised ed.), J. Murray, pp. 276–286
4460:
Badsey, S. Nicolle, D, Turnbull, S (1999). "The Timechart of Military History". Worth Press Ltd, 2000,
3587:
2565:
2470:
2008:
1483:; then the dead would rise, divine judgement would be handed out, and the righteous would be rewarded.
747:
513:
302:
in the romances and derived literature. They have also been depicted on Medieval cosmological maps, or
4636:
2642:
While the confounding Gog and Magog as confined Jews was becoming commonplace, some, like Riccoldo or
1179:
in the early 7th century BC, but many scholars do not believe he is related to any historical person.
8327:
8277:
8123:
8056:
7899:
7631:
7626:
7500:
7330:
7172:
6959:
3238:
2944:
2785:
2655:
2539:. Some accounts and maps began to place the "Caspian Mountains", and Gog and Magog, just outside the
2132:
1555:). The mountains are initially 18 feet apart and the pass is rather wide, but Alexander's prayers to
1334:
north of Israel, Persia towards the east, Cush (Ethiopia) and Put (Libya) to the south; Gomer is the
1144:
3168:
back to Magog son of Japheth, via Suenno, progenitor of the Swedes, and Gog, ancestor of the Goths).
2828:, followed quickly by further signs pointing to the nearness of the final battle – nuclear weapons,
2801:
had the role of Gog gained popularity, since Ezekiel's words describing him as "prince of Meshek" –
1967:
1734:
and the westernmost customs point on the border of China. Somewhat later the 14th-century traveller
958:
8282:
8229:
8118:
8013:
7939:
7766:
7395:
7095:
6797:
6296:
1827:
1502:
identified the Christians as their allies and said God would thwart their plan to kill all Israel.
1388:
6306:
4581:
3652:
1946:
8224:
7793:
7648:
6944:
6031:
Gog and Magog in Early Eastern Christian and Islamic Sources: Sallam's Quest for Alexander's Wall
2986:
2336:
1985:
1916:
1663:
1596:
1580:
518:
433:
2619:). Gog and Magog (identified as confined Jews) are shown on the left, representing the far east.
917:
8267:
8239:
8073:
8020:
7914:
7737:
7582:
6940:
4043:
4016:
2895:
2284:
1803:
1120:
379:
151:
127:
40:
6570:
6458:
6343:
6315:
6284:
6221:
6178:
6103:
6082:
6008:
5966:
5939:
5134:
5051:
5025:
4993:
3919:
3790:
3756:
3690:
3623:
3562:
3423:
Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date of the Pentateuch
3421:
3096:
2554:
7643:
7455:
6917:
6878:
6598:
6549:
6528:
6433:
6223:
Historia and Fabula: Myths and Legends in Historical Thought from Antiquity to the Modern Age
6156:
6054:
5914:
5686:
5532:
4843:
4759:
3987:
3820:
3303:
2506:
2428:
2366:
1928:
1872:
1479:, who would defeat Israel's enemies, identified as Gog and Magog, to prepare the way for the
1086:
897:
454:
394:
6412:
5793:
3591:
3333:
3297:
2675:
epic dating to the 1270s, in which Gog and Magog were two mountains enclosing these people.
8008:
7805:
7707:
7572:
7534:
7284:
7088:
6982:
2939:
2829:
2265:, where the term "Gog and Magog" forms a portmanteau with "Goth" to form "Goth and Magoth".
2261:
were all the same. The Goths also represent Gog and Magog in the ε and γ recensions of the
2111:
1799:
1287:
1137:
909:
571:
365:
347:
36:
8:
8149:
7929:
7800:
7722:
7320:
7266:
7214:
7177:
7167:
6873:
6703:
6621:
5442:
5440:
4731:
2643:
2540:
2449:
2340:
2228:, Christian and Jewish writers identified Gog and Magog with a wide diversity of groups:
2221:
1743:
1742:, which is on the coast of China; the translator notes that Ibn Battuta has confused the
1676:
1656:
1643:
1544:
1387:
Gog and Magog besiege the City of Saints. Their depiction with the hooked noses noted by
1343:
1283:
1209:, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. An example of this combined form in Hebrew (
901:
818:
752:
657:
259:. In the hands of Early Christian writers they became apocalyptic hordes. Throughout the
240:
6489:
6300:
4420:
Lawson, M K (2004). "Cnut: England's Viking King 1016–35". The History Press Ltd, 2005,
2109:
Gog and Magog appear in somewhat later Old French versions of the romance. In the verse
1802:, who played important roles in British and South Asian politics, and American academic
1213:) has been found, but its context is unclear, being preserved only in a fragment of the
7852:
7847:
7825:
7810:
7702:
7490:
7470:
7420:
7383:
7373:
7224:
7061:
6481:
6280:
6269:
6261:
5947:
4696:
3554:
3212:
Based on Rubruck stating elsewhere "There are other enclosures in which there are Jews"
2651:
2558:
2437:
2380:
2376:
2356:
2318:
2292:
2124:
2116:
2002:
1941:
1516:
1476:
1306:"Son of man, direct your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the prince, leader of
869:
865:
861:
767:
701:
671:
412:
236:
225:
205:
201:
6474:
5437:
3225:, having been informed by Rubruck, urged the study of geography to discover where the
2920:. BBL ("Babylon") when read backwards and displaced by one letter becomes MGG (Magog).
1217:. In Revelation, Gog and Magog together are the hostile nations of the world. Gog the
8085:
7986:
7781:
7589:
7554:
7515:
7465:
7356:
7340:
7083:
7046:
7024:
7009:
6992:
6910:
6676:
6666:
6646:
6576:
6555:
6534:
6513:
6441:
6418:
6373:
6349:
6321:
6273:
6241:
6227:
6188:
6160:
6128:
6109:
6088:
6060:
6039:
6014:
5993:
5972:
5951:
5924:
5899:
5799:
5540:
5355:
5330:
5305:
5280:
5255:
5230:
5190:
5165:
5140:
5063:
5031:
5005:
4849:
4688:
4561:
4530:
4461:
4421:
4368:
4347:
4326:
4260:
4171:
4098:
4024:
3995:
3927:
3826:
3766:
3752:
3696:
3633:
3568:
3427:
3400:
3343:
3307:
2466:
2454:
2397:. In Islamic tradition, the following authors identified Gog and Magog as the Turks:
2314:
2262:
2082:
1860:
1848:
1783:
1779:
1600:
1539:
1480:
1468:
1420:
1240:
795:
706:
623:
555:
299:
295:
6590:
6102:
Lust, J. (1999b). Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter (eds.).
6081:
Lust, J. (1999a). Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter (eds.).
4845:
The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam
2627:
of Israel came to be identified with Gog and Magog; possibly the first to do so was
8302:
8234:
8169:
7998:
7976:
7820:
7788:
7776:
7752:
7378:
7325:
7315:
7274:
7204:
7199:
6928:
6836:
6661:
6638:
6399:
6253:
6035:
5989:
The Medieval Alexander Legend and Romance Epic: Essays in Honour of David J.A. Ross
4680:
4522:
3983:
3802:
2692:
2432:
2300:
2054:
1904:
1696:
1440:
1383:
1232:
1214:
913:
681:
542:
428:
73:
20:
1847:
tradition, stories about Gog and Magog were introduced by way of translation from
1707:
The wall dividing them from civilized peoples was normally placed towards today's
1407:
Devil, Gog and Magog attack the Holy City (from a 17th-century Russian manuscript)
8063:
7904:
7475:
7335:
7251:
7239:
7219:
7115:
6905:
6885:
6808:
6625:
6507:
6367:
6210:
6174:
6150:
6029:
5987:
5889:
4444:
4404:
4256:
4165:
3970:
3762:
3246:
3178:
3161:
2778:
2680:
2628:
2624:
2580:, traveling when the initial terror had subsided, places Gog and Magog among the
2545:
2296:
2168:
2120:
2085:
of Pseudo-Callisthenes, whose oldest manuscript dates to the 3rd century, but an
2033:
2025:
1927:
Then a people whom God had protected from him (dajjal) would come to Isa, son of
1807:
1634:
1579:
Christian texts following in the tradition of the Alexander Romance, such as the
1452:
1362:
1339:
1275:
1165:
1071:
934:
790:
284:
280:
252:
196:
The Gog prophecy is meant to be fulfilled at the approach of what is called the "
142:
118:
32:
8205:
6459:"Ch. 59: Concerning the Province of Tenduc, and the Descendants of Prester John"
1903:
This is in contradiction with many reports in Sunni sources, including those in
989:
8041:
7981:
7966:
7919:
7815:
7761:
7621:
7279:
7256:
7229:
7147:
7137:
7039:
7034:
6900:
6851:
2999:
2813:
2765:
2749:
2420:
2225:
2159:
2146:
1990:
1954:); Alexander's Gate, showing Alexander, Antichrist, and mechanical trumpeters (
1814:
1795:
1692:
1630:
1548:
1291:
1172:
1115:
1081:
800:
785:
737:
686:
547:
417:
328:
55:
28:
6257:
5968:
Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival
5027:
Idols in the East: European Representations of Islam and the Orient, 1100–1450
4526:
3477:
cite Brownlee (1983) "Son of Man Set Your Face: Ezekiel the Refugee Prophet",
2707:
Provincia gog, in qua fuerunt iudei inclusi tempore artaxersis regis persarum.
1950:
Land of "Gog i Magog", its king mounted on a horse, followed by a procession (
8261:
8184:
8068:
8025:
7971:
7959:
7934:
7771:
7747:
7742:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7522:
7110:
7051:
7014:
6966:
6730:
6651:
6010:
Gog of Magog: Reuse of Scripture and Compositional Technique in Ezekiel 38–39
4692:
2890:
2806:
2745:
2737:
2536:
2458:
2183:
1962:
1347:
1294:'s punishment on Israel for turning away, but God will restore his people to
1109:
1096:
948:
605:
532:
459:
221:
178:
174:
6766:
6491:
The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253–55
6403:
5916:
Gog and Magog: Ezekiel 38–39 as Pre-text for Revelation 19,17–21 and 20,7–10
5664:
5662:
4220:
2119:(c. 1170), Gog and Magog ("Gos et Margos", "Got et Margot") were vassals to
1794:
and his kin to the south. Researches of professors and philosophers such as
8210:
8144:
7876:
7862:
7717:
7527:
7495:
7485:
7388:
7234:
7132:
7078:
6987:
6846:
6688:
5920:
5352:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5327:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5302:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5277:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5252:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5227:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5187:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
5162:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
4582:"Story of Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) form The Quran – Link To Islam"
4477:
4208:
4095:
Gog and Magog: contributions toward a world history of an apocalyptic motif
3806:
2845:
2798:
2741:
2733:
2518:
1920:
1908:
1747:
1446:
1315:
1222:
1042:
979:
905:
676:
209:
5553:
5485:
4992:
Harf-Lancner, Laurence (2012), Maddox, Donald; Sturm-Maddox, Sara (eds.),
4724:. This text is a short appendix attached to the Syriac manuscripts of the
4384:
Lund, Niels "The Danish Empire and the End of the Viking Age", in Sawyer,
2647:
after weighing the pros and cons, he concluded this was an open question.
1595:
Iskandar (Alexander) builds a wall to seal Yajuj and Majuj; here aided by
1266:
294:
The legend of Gog and Magog and the gates were also interpolated into the
8189:
7732:
7727:
7564:
7549:
7425:
7400:
7029:
6949:
6856:
6841:
5659:
3629:
3222:
3091:
2884:
2879:
2837:
2398:
2199:
1791:
1775:
1735:
1688:
1680:
1591:
1374:
1370:
1354:
1033:
953:
594:
355:
304:
260:
197:
7871:
6572:
The Torah, the Gospel, and the Qur'an: Three Books, Two Cities, One Tale
6265:
5512:
4994:"From Alexander to Marco Polo, from Text to Image: The Marvels of India"
3593:
Gog and Magog: The Giants in Guildhall; Their Real and Legendary History
2744:
7) was commonly confused in Medieval Europe with the Neo-Assyrian ruler
1228:, but he has no connection with the Gog of Ezekiel or Magog of Genesis.
984:
327:, primitive and immoral tribes that were separated and barriered off by
8139:
7954:
7924:
7909:
7697:
7685:
7445:
7307:
6933:
6656:
6454:
6387:
6363:
5136:
A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland
5050:
Warren, Michelle R. (2012), Maddox, Donald; Sturm-Maddox, Sara (eds.),
5001:
4700:
4668:
4499:
4232:
3558:
3373:
3371:
3226:
2861:
2821:
2688:
2672:
2609:
2592:
2577:
2526:
2462:
2410:
2406:
2194:
1822:
1787:
1712:
1456:
1335:
1206:
1183:
1168:
1101:
589:
575:
475:
288:
248:
232:
213:
170:
3990:. In Wolfson, Elliot R.; Schiffman, Lawrence H.; Engel, David (eds.).
1758:
7881:
7670:
7599:
7544:
7539:
7405:
7246:
7152:
6895:
6494:. Hakluyt Society. pp. xlvi, 100, 120, 122, 130, 262–263 and fn.
6246:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
5410:
4669:"Review of Alexander's Gate, Gog and Magog, and the Inclosed Nations"
2484:
2332:
2328:
2288:
2128:
1980:
1912:
1892:
1864:
1844:
1774:
and their descendants as Gog and Magog, since the unknown group from
1731:
1723:
1719:
1684:
1625:
1424:
1298:
when they return to him. After this message of reassurance, chapters
1295:
1263:
1218:
1076:
1047:
637:
497:
256:
4901:
4684:
3368:
2604:
8174:
8159:
7690:
7675:
7577:
7415:
6863:
6717:
6184:
5992:(2nd ed.). Kraus International Publication. pp. 131–147.
3988:"The Commentary of Rashi on Isaiah and the Jewish-Christian Debate"
3922:. In Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon (eds.).
3339:
2794:
2789:
2664:
2522:
2488:
2310:
2280:
2272:
2254:
2236:
2099:
2095:
1998:
1976:
1840:
1821:'s lowest freshwater lake, and the Dead Sea. Historian and exegete
1739:
1569:
1565:
1411:
Over the next few centuries Jewish tradition changed Ezekiel's Gog
1331:
1323:
1236:
841:
836:
374:
244:
24:
6469:
4775:
4273:
4184:
2081:
This Gog and Magog legend is not found in earlier versions of the
1326:
from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you."
1231:
The Biblical "Gog and Magog" possibly gave derivation of the name
8154:
8003:
7840:
7830:
7638:
7450:
7162:
7157:
6750:
6713:
6693:
6680:
6053:
Westrem, Scott D. (1998). Tomasch, Sylvia; Sealy, Gilles (eds.).
5208:
5206:
3182:
2659:
2581:
2514:
2502:
2258:
2250:
2091:
1771:
1767:
1727:
1708:
1668:
1618:
1605:
1495:
1487:
1472:
1307:
1279:
1199:
1187:
1105:
963:
877:
830:
822:
716:
691:
584:
332:
316:
276:
272:
264:
173:, Gog is an individual and Magog is his land. By the time of the
16:
Pair of individuals, peoples, or lands in the Bible and the Quran
6480:
5704:
5692:
5446:
4889:
4153:(Ph. D). Universidad de Alicante. p. 196 and Images 14, 15.
2190:, does mention "Gogh et Macgogh", at least in some manuscripts.
52:
The Gog and Magog people being walled off by Alexander's forces.
8164:
8090:
6417:. University of California Press. pp. 6–12, 120–122, 144.
4937:
4823:
4787:
4747:
4196:
3952:
3670:
3165:
3139:
2916:
2825:
2585:
2276:
2103:
1852:
1738:
reported that the wall was sixty days' travel from the city of
1716:
1573:
1471:
in the 2nd century AD looked to a human leader as the promised
1429:
1004:
826:
208:, which would usher in the age of the Messiah. One view within
5674:
5203:
4480:, 2937, The Book of Tribulations and Portents of the Last Hour
4071:
4069:
4067:
3918:
Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon (2003).
1380:
The Septuagint reads "Gog" instead of "Agag" in Numbers 24:7.
7835:
7594:
6755:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6725:
6302:
Alexandre le Grand dans la littérature française du moyen âge
6291:. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–158.
5795:
When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern Culture
5116:
5114:
4616:
3605:
3603:
3177:
Riccoldo observed that the Mongol script resembled Chaldean (
3122:
2781:
2257:(d. 555). The latter believed that the Goths, Scythians, and
2246:
1994:
1880:
1818:
1614:
1520:
1499:
1433:
1319:
1311:
1176:
696:
642:
632:
312:
217:
166:
162:
6289:
The History of Alexander the Great, Being the Syriac Version
5848:
5502:
5500:
5373:
5371:
4515:"Gog and Magog in Malay-Indonesian Islamic Exegetical Works"
4489:(Shahadat-ul-Qur’an, Ruhani Khazain, Volume 6, Pages 361–362
3911:
3452:
8179:
6698:
6634:
6369:
The Red Jews: Antisemitism in an Apocalyptic Age, 1200–1600
4297:
4064:
3689:
Hays, J. Daniel; Duvall, J. Scott; Pate, C. Marvin (2009).
3040:
The Ethiopic version derives from the lost Arabic version (
2817:
2041:
1997:(whom he calls a Scythian tribe) were given passage by the
1868:
1191:
268:
100:
6434:"Observations and Beliefs: The World of the Catalan Atlas"
5618:
5533:"Text, Image and Contradiction in the Devisement du monde"
5111:
4913:
4886:, Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers.
4519:
Gog and Magog in Malay-Indonesian Islamic Exegetical Works
3992:
Studies in Medieval Jewish Intellectual and Social History
3926:. Rockville, Maryland: Schreiber Publishing. p. 180.
3600:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
2335:
said it was the Huns Alexander had locked out, and in the
2044:
nations. Written by a Christian based in Mesopotamia, the
231:
A legend was attached to Gog and Magog by the time of the
185:), Jewish tradition had long since changed Ezekiel's "Gog
169:, variously ascribed to individuals, tribes, or lands. In
106:
82:
5891:
Alexander's Gate, Gog and Magog: And the Inclosed Nations
5722:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5535:. In Akbari, Suzanne Conklin; Iannucci, Amilcare (eds.).
5497:
5388:
5386:
5368:
4848:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 34.
4054:
4052:
3721:
3499:
3487:
2805:
in Hebrew – sounded suspiciously like Russia and Moscow.
2793:
in the Book of Revelation would come to pass. During the
1896:
1556:
1547:
between two mountains called the "Breasts of the North" (
109:
103:
85:
79:
6551:
Apocalyptic Fever: End-Time Prophecies in Modern America
6108:. Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible. Brill.
6087:. Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible. Brill.
5860:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5475:
5473:
4884:
Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths
4604:
3887:
3567:, Oxford University Press, Gogmagog (or Gog and Magog),
3396:
Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, A.D. 700–1100
3356:
2215:
1260:
Ezekiel's Vision of the Sign "Tau" from Ezekiel IX:2–7.
6414:
Storm from the East: from Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan
5749:
5075:
4973:
4019:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
3917:
3733:
3267:
2313:(for whom the Scythians were a subgroup of the Alans),
1519:, dating from the end of the 1st century AD, tells how
1490:, homiletic and non-legalistic exegetical texts in the
6028:
Van Donzel, Emeri J.; Schmidt, Andrea Barbara (2010).
5836:
5761:
5642:
5383:
5087:
4925:
4799:
4321:"Franques Royal Annals" cited in Sawyer, Peter (2001)
4049:
3940:
3875:
3851:
3839:
3121:"Tus" in Iran, near the Caspian south shore, known as
1863:. Similarly, a poem originating in early 19th century
1778:
had made their sudden and considerable entry into the
1543:
of Pseudo-Callisthenes describes gates constructed by
204:
viewed Gog and Magog as enemies to be defeated by the
6998:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
6620:
6127:. Vol. 7. Granite Hill Publishers. p. 684.
5773:
5710:
5630:
5606:
5582:
5565:
5470:
5099:
5052:"Take the World by Prose: Modes of Possession in the
4961:
3658:
1859:
was read by some Malay warriors fighting against the
6924:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
6453:
5812:
5707:, pp. xlvi, 100, 120, 122, 130, 262–263 and fn.
5668:
5559:
5518:
5491:
4868:
4811:
4560:(Volume 8 ed.). Islamic Seminary Incorporated.
4357:
4253:
The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Vol. IV)
3709:
3625:
An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books
3511:
2073:
and found its way in the Western Alexander Romance.
1834:
1278:
records a series of visions received by the prophet
156:
132:
5398:
5139:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 129 (fn).
4592:
4336:
4285:
3784:
3782:
3440:
2752:17 drove the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel into exile.
2691:, a copper-engraved world map probably produced in
2671:) in German-speaking areas; a term first used in a
97:
94:
76:
27:. For the ancient oak trees of the same name, see
5824:
5594:
4306:
4117:
3899:
3863:
6027:
4907:
4895:
4829:
4793:
4781:
4753:
4713:
4279:
4238:
4226:
4214:
4202:
4190:
3822:The Jerusalem Temple and Early Christian Identity
3523:
3377:
247:knew them as the nation descended from Magog the
8259:
8052:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
6432:Massing, Michel (1991), Levenson, Jay A. (ed.),
6122:
5940:"The Gog and Magog Tradition in Revelation 20:8"
3958:
3791:"Version anglo-normande en vers de l'Apocalypse"
3779:
3682:
3535:
4628:
4244:
1675:The early Muslim traditions were summarised by
243:to repel the tribe. Romanized Jewish historian
7950:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
6440:, Yale University Press, pp. 31, 32 n60,
5942:. In de Jonge, H. J.; Tromp, Johannes (eds.).
4250:
3688:
2521:, marching to save Christians from the Muslim
1290:. The exile, he tells his fellow captives, is
6955:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
6796:
6782:
6606:
5537:Marco Polo and the Encounter of East and West
4985:
4666:
4454:
4323:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
3692:Dictionary of Biblical Prophecy and End Times
2957:Composed between the 4th and 2nd centuries BC
2094:and fetuses. They were allied to Belsyrians (
1867:, a city located on the Indonesian island of
1428:manuscripts ("group Y") links them with the "
1239:with two giants Gog and Magog, with whom the
1145:
200:", but not necessarily the end of the world.
19:For the Gog and Magog statues in London, see
5705:William of Rubruck & Rockhill (tr.) 1900
5693:William of Rubruck & Rockhill (tr.) 1900
5447:William of Rubruck & Rockhill (tr.) 1900
4991:
4449:The official Website of The British Monarchy
4409:The official Website of The British Monarchy
4120:"Iskandar Oversees the Building of the Wall"
4014:
4008:
2654:, who was first-hand witness to Alexander's
2535:reported findings from their travels to the
2172:(vv. 5938–6287). In the 13th-century French
2015:
1886:
7003:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
6215:. Vol. VI. Princeton University Press.
6148:
5539:. University of Toronto Press. p. 38.
5524:
4365:Les Vikings: histoire, mythes, dictionnaire
4315:
3801:(98): 176 (plate), and 246, p. 257 note 2,
3609:
3553:
2719:
2705:
2385:Anonymi Bele regis notarii Gesta Hungarorum
1444:
7106:Climate change and civilizational collapse
6789:
6775:
6613:
6599:
6509:Contemporary Muslim Apocalyptic Literature
6219:
6123:Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007).
5937:
5624:
5530:
5212:
5120:
4877:
4555:
4157:
3505:
3493:
3362:
3203:Also "barbarous nations", "savage tribes".
2271:. The Scythian identification was made by
1152:
1138:
6438:Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration
6285:"A Christian Legend concerning Alexander"
6208:
5030:, Cornell University Press, p. 104,
4943:
4667:Barry, Phillips; Anderson, A. R. (1933).
4512:
4342:Decaux, Alain and Castelot, André (1981)
4170:. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
3758:The prophetic literature: an introduction
2820:. For the most fervent, the countdown to
2049:subjugate the greater part of the world.
721:
161:) are a pair of names that appear in the
8109:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
8047:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
6463:The Book of Sir Marco Polo, the Venetian
6410:
6313:
5887:
5429:Painter, George D. Painter, ed. (1965),
5422:
5416:
4979:
4919:
4841:
4805:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4556:al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb (2015).
4075:
4058:
3982:
3976:
3751:
3745:
3596:, John Camden Hotten, pp. 8–11, 130
3586:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3291:
3289:
2772:
2603:
2137:
1945:
1757:
1662:
1650:
1590:
1402:
1382:
1286:, who was among the captives during the
1255:
308:, sometimes alongside Alexander's wall.
263:, they were variously identified as the
47:
6568:
6431:
6052:
5985:
5755:
5728:
5653:
5506:
5428:
5392:
5349:
5324:
5299:
5274:
5249:
5224:
5184:
5159:
5093:
5081:
5043:
5017:
4931:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4549:
4451:, 15 March 2015, accessed 15 March 2015
4438:The Royal Household, "Canute The Great"
4411:, 15 March 2015, accessed 15 March 2015
4251:Gibb, H.A.R.; Beckingham, C.F. (1994).
3621:
3615:
3419:
2623:Some time around the 12th century, the
2182:s source, the Latin work by Archpriest
1825:mentioned similar theories in his book
1702:
1318:and Put will be with you ... also
8260:
6006:
5739:
5737:
5126:
5049:
5023:
4414:
4163:
4092:
3818:
3812:
3739:
3727:
3664:
3413:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3331:
3295:
3112:completing his campaign against Porus.
2591:An explanation offered by Orientalist
2447:. This identification was made by the
2245:. Gog and Magog were connected to the
1935:
1436:", in eastern Europe, amongst others.
6770:
6594:
6526:
6341:
6314:Stoneman, Richard (tr.), ed. (1991).
6295:
6279:
6244:(1979), "Alexander and the Mongols",
6240:
6212:The Medieval French Roman d'Alexandre
6173:
6101:
6080:
5964:
5944:The Book of Ezekiel and its Influence
5791:
5779:
5743:
5680:
5612:
5479:
5404:
5377:
5132:
5105:
4967:
4955:
4817:
4765:
4737:
4654:
4598:
4513:Daneshgar, Majid (31 December 2023),
4291:
4088:
4086:
4084:
3893:
3788:
3715:
3676:
3564:Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore
3470:
3446:
3320:
3286:
3280:
3041:
3028:
3016:Christian Legend concerning Alexander
2216:Barbarian and nomadic identifications
2076:
1462:
7126:Tipping points in the climate system
6547:
6505:
5866:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5818:
5767:
5343:
5318:
5293:
5268:
5243:
5218:
5178:
5153:
4378:
4143:
3695:. Zondervan. p. no pagination.
2901:
2732:The Persian king Artaxerxes (either
2599:
2210:
2037:
2029:
1762:Surah Al Kahf Story of Gog and Magog
1532:
1398:in verse, Toulouse MS. 815, fol. 49v
1164:The names are mentioned together in
7121:Extinction risk from climate change
7020:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
6386:
6362:
6180:The Book of Ezekiel: Chapters 25-48
5912:
5734:
5716:
5636:
5600:
5588:
5576:
5062:, SUNY Press, pp. 149, fn 17,
4873:. Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd. p. 50.
3946:
3905:
3881:
3869:
3857:
3845:
3541:
3529:
3517:
3474:
3458:
3383:
3151:Toulouse manuscript 815, folio 49v.
2914:The encryption technique is called
2495:
1919:, were Gog and Magog. According to
1671:, often compared with Gog and Magog
1667:A Byzantine ruler protected by two
1638:
1366:
335:as the emergence of Gog and Magog.
146:
122:
13:
8081:List of fictional doomsday devices
6533:. University of California Press.
5531:Strickland, Deborah Higgs (2008).
4842:Griffith, Sidney Harrison (2008).
4081:
3089:Gog and Magog being absent in the
2419:. This identification was made by
2375:. This identification was made by
2365:. This identification was made by
2309:. This identification was made in
2235:. This identification was made by
1753:
1505:
14:
8339:
7101:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
6155:(revised and enlarged ed.).
5433:, Yale University, pp. 64–65
4344:Dictionnaire d'histoire de France
3229:and Gog and Magog might be found.
2135:, one of Alexander's successors.
1989:, but he never mentioned Gog. In
1975:The 1st-century Jewish historian
1835:In Malaysian-Indonesian tradition
1655:The Monster of Gog and Magog, by
216:, making Gog and Magog allies of
8217:
8216:
8204:
7362:Decline in amphibian populations
6468:
5785:
5669:Marco Polo & Yule (tr.) 1875
5560:Marco Polo & Yule (tr.) 1875
5519:Marco Polo & Yule (tr.) 1875
5492:Marco Polo & Yule (tr.) 1875
5461:
5452:
5024:Akbari, Suzanne Conklin (2012),
4521:, De Gruyter, pp. 597–616,
4164:Hughes, Patrick Thomas (1895) .
4021:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
3924:The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia
3232:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3171:
3154:
3145:
3132:
3115:
3102:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
2870:Alexander the Great in the Quran
2777:In the early 19th century, some
2153:, Paris manuscript, 14th century
1917:siege to and then sacked Baghdad
1586:
72:
7713:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
7210:Land surface effects on climate
7183:Human impact on the environment
6814:Future of an expanding universe
6392:Journal of Early Modern History
6281:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis
6152:A History of Prophecy in Israel
5888:Anderson, Andrew Runni (1932).
5875:
4862:
4835:
4574:
4506:
4492:
4483:
4471:
4431:
4391:
4137:
4111:
4037:
4015:Stuckenbruck, Loren T. (2003).
3964:
3646:
3580:
3547:
3464:
3393:Sawyer, P. H. (10 April 1982).
3034:
3021:
3008:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2932:
2923:
2840:in 1967, and America's wars in
2142:Gog and Magog consuming humans.
1246:
1243:statues came to be identified.
1186:Magog is described as a son of
255:, and explained them to be the
62:. Bruges, Belgium, 15th century
5798:. Belknap Press. p. 162.
4871:Chronology of Prophetic Events
4023:. Eerdmans. pp. 1535–36.
2908:
2760:The twelfth-century chronicle
2681:Travels of Sir John Mandeville
2639:and had converted to Judaism.
2637:seven tribes of the Hungarians
2349:Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
1322:with all its troops, and Beth
220:against God at the end of the
1:
8318:Kabbalistic words and phrases
7659:Interpretations of Revelation
7461:Cosmological phase transition
7367:Decline in insect populations
6819:Ultimate fate of the universe
6554:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
6512:. Syracuse University Press.
6220:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1994).
6209:Armstrong, Edward C. (1937).
5938:Buitenwerf, Rieuwerd (2007).
4908:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4896:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4869:Fazlur Rehman Shaikh (2001).
4830:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4794:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4782:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4754:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4714:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4280:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4239:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4227:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4215:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4203:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4191:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
4144:Amín, Haila Manteghí (2014).
3378:Van Donzel & Schmidt 2010
3256:
2755:
2695:
2650:The Flemish Franciscan friar
2613:
2612:, copper-engraved world map (
2572:, as if from a corruption of
2487:(610–641) against the Muslim
2158:Gog and Magog also appear in
1993:, Josephus recounts that the
1510:
1492:classical rabbinic literature
1447:Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
1019:Divine Incantations Scripture
8323:Monarchs in the Hebrew Bible
8114:Future of Humanity Institute
7511:Potentially hazardous object
7411:Interplanetary contamination
6348:. Rowman & Littlefield.
6149:Blenkinsopp, Joseph (1996).
5896:Mediaeval Academy of America
5695:, pp. xlvi, 262 note 1.
5419:, pp. 12, 120–122, 144.
4398:The Royal Household, "Sweyn"
3959:Skolnik & Berenbaum 2007
3825:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 89.
3622:Bullock, C. Hassell (1986).
3261:
2875:Cyrus the Great in the Quran
2826:return of the Jews to Israel
2345:Apocalypse of Pseudo-Ephraem
2040:ܵ, mgwg) appear as kings of
1806:and Caribbean eschatologist
7:
7994:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
7143:Global terrestrial stilling
6527:Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2011).
6486:Rockhill, William Woodville
6317:The Greek Alexander Romance
6007:Tooman, William A. (2011).
5965:Marsh, Christopher (2011).
4229:, pp. xvii–xviii, 244.
3588:Fairholt, Frederick William
3426:. Bloomsbury. p. 148.
3164:traced the royal family of
2855:
2764:posited that the people of
2533:Europeans in Medieval China
2513:After the Khazars came the
2475:Continuation of Barhebraeus
2197:", an important example of
1515:Chapters 19:11–21:8 of the
157:
133:
35:. For other uses, see
10:
8344:
7506:Asteroid impact prediction
7481:Heat death of the universe
6891:Mutual assured destruction
6500:Modern apocalyptic thought
4637:"The Catalan Atlas (#235)"
4217:, pp. xvii–xviii, 82.
3679:, pp. 72–73, 439–440.
2834:reunification of Jerusalem
2566:Riccoldo da Monte di Croce
2471:Riccoldo da Monte di Croce
2175:Roman d'Alexandre en prose
2009:Syriac Legend of Alexander
1939:
1715:, but in the year 842 the
1251:
18:
8198:
8132:
8124:Nuclear Threat Initiative
8101:
8057:List of apocalyptic films
8034:
7900:2011 end times prediction
7892:
7632:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
7627:Abomination of desolation
7563:
7501:Asteroid impact avoidance
7438:
7349:
7331:List of extinction events
7306:
7299:
7265:
7173:Environmental degradation
7069:
7060:
6975:
6960:Technological singularity
6829:
6804:
6798:Global catastrophic risks
6712:
6675:
6633:
6548:Kyle, Richard G. (2012).
6411:Marshall, Robert (1993).
6336:Geography and ethnography
6258:10.1017/S0035869X00135555
5060:Medieval French Alexander
4998:Medieval French Alexander
4527:10.1515/9783110720235-022
3420:Gmirkin, Russell (2006).
3409:– via Google Books.
3332:Mounce, Robert H (1998).
3296:Boring, Eugene M (1989).
3239:Albrecht von Scharfenberg
2945:Historia Regum Britanniae
2786:French invasion of Russia
2164:Roman de toute chevalerie
2151:Roman de toute chevalerie
2016:Precursor texts in Syriac
1915:Mongol invaders who laid
1887:In Sunni and Shia sources
1552:
8273:Groups of Quranic people
8119:Future of Life Institute
8021:Resurrection of the dead
8014:Post-tribulation rapture
7396:Colony collapse disorder
4500:"Gog and magog Archives"
4443:29 November 2014 at the
4403:29 November 2014 at the
4118:Chester Beatty Library.
3819:Wardle, Timothy (2010).
2549:, an obscure account of
2024:dating to 629–630, Gog (
1857:Hikayat Ya’juj wa-Ma’juj
1357:" since the Hebrew term
1269:panel, mid-12th century.
914:Resurrection of the dead
837:Medieval Jewish scholars
338:
6945:Artificial intelligence
6569:Wessels, Anton (2013).
6404:10.1163/157006598X00090
6342:Brook, Kevin A (2006).
5857:, pp. 12, 47, 206.
5683:, p. 125, note 19.
4722:Syriac Alexander Legend
4259:. pp. 896, fn 30.
2987:Antiquities of the Jews
2938:The giant mentioned by
2809:also took up the idea.
2337:Syriac Alexander Legend
1986:Antiquities of the Jews
1979:equated Magog with the
1875:. Another text was the
1730:in the Caucasus or the
1581:Syriac Alexander Legend
8074:List of disaster films
7915:Apocalyptic literature
7015:Malthusian catastrophe
6941:Synthetic intelligence
4625:, pp. 31, 32 n60.
4386:History of the Vikings
4241:, pp. xvii–xviii.
3807:10.3406/roma.1896.5446
3335:The Book of Revelation
2896:Sasanian defense lines
2720:
2706:
2663:to be referred to as "
2620:
2285:Theodore of Mopsuestia
2155:
1972:
1968:Bibliothèque Nationale
1933:
1804:Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi
1800:Syeed Abul Ala Mawdudi
1784:Christian missionaries
1763:
1672:
1660:
1610:
1530:
1445:
1408:
1400:
1328:
1271:
1121:Universal resurrection
224:, as described in the
64:
41:Magog (disambiguation)
31:. For the hills, see
7456:Coronal mass ejection
6918:Electromagnetic pulse
6879:Kinetic energy weapon
6305:. F. Vieweg. p.
6157:Westminster John Knox
6125:Encyclopaedia Judaica
6056:Against Gog and Magog
5562:, pp. 283, fn 5.
5494:, pp. 285, fn 5.
5449:, pp. xxi, fn 2.
4635:Siebold, Jim (2015).
3994:. Brill. p. 54.
3304:Westminster John Knox
2773:Modern apocalypticism
2633:Historica Scholastica
2607:
2507:Christian of Stavelot
2429:Christian of Stavelot
2403:al-Dahhak ibn Muzahim
2367:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
2141:
2001:king, a warder of an
1949:
1925:
1877:Hikayat Raja Iskandar
1873:Dutch colonial empire
1828:Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya
1796:Allama Muhammad Iqbal
1786:, and perhaps by the
1761:
1666:
1654:
1594:
1525:
1406:
1386:
1304:
1259:
1087:Fate of the unlearned
147:يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ
51:
7858:War of Gog and Magog
7535:Near-Earth supernova
7285:Human overpopulation
7089:Mass mortality event
6983:Anthropogenic hazard
6506:Cook, David (2005).
6345:The Jews of Khazaria
5913:Bøe, Sverre (2001).
5792:Boyer, Paul (1992).
5671:, pp. 58, fn 3.
3789:Meyer, Paul (1896),
3380:, pp. 57, fn 3.
3245:. It belongs in the
2940:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2830:European integration
2307:Sarmatians and Alans
2289:Theodoret of Cyrrhus
2127:in the mountains of
2102:in modern-day North
1703:Location of the wall
1613:Two chapters of the
1572:in modern-day North
1346:" in Genesis 10 and
1190:, and a grandson of
910:War of Gog and Magog
572:Events of Revelation
37:Gog (disambiguation)
7930:Blood moon prophecy
7723:Number of the Beast
7321:Holocene extinction
7267:Earth Overshoot Day
7215:Ocean acidification
7178:Habitat destruction
7168:Ecological collapse
6874:Kinetic bombardment
6809:Future of the Earth
6622:Descendants of Noah
6530:Apocalypse in Islam
5869:, pp. 205–206.
5521:, pp. 276–286.
5431:The Tartar Relation
5380:, pp. 7–8, 96.
5215:, pp. 125–126.
5133:Derry, T.K (1979).
4586:www.linktoislam.net
4167:Dictionary of Islam
4078:, pp. 185–187.
3949:, pp. 201–204.
3896:, pp. 536–537.
3884:, pp. 186–189.
3860:, pp. 145–146.
3848:, pp. 142–144.
3730:, pp. 147–148.
3555:Simpson, Jacqueline
3283:, pp. 373–374.
3243:Der jüngere Titurel
3097:Walter of Châtillon
2812:Some post-Cold War
2748:, who according to
2740:, appearing in the
2644:Vincent de Beauvais
2555:André de Longjumeau
2541:Great Wall of China
2450:Historia de Preliis
2445:Mongols and Tartars
2341:Andreas of Caesarea
2188:Historia de Preliis
1936:Alexander the Great
1895:that when he asked
1746:with that built by
1744:Great Wall of China
1677:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1545:Alexander the Great
819:Rabbinic literature
743:Coming of the Mahdi
738:Swallowing in Bayda
241:Alexander the Great
8308:Jewish eschatology
8288:Book of Revelation
8245:Doomsday scenarios
7811:Beast of the Earth
7703:Book of Revelation
7491:Virtual black hole
7471:False vacuum decay
7421:Pollinator decline
7384:Biological warfare
7374:Biotechnology risk
7225:Resource depletion
6482:William of Rubruck
6242:Boyle, John Andrew
5948:Ashgate Publishing
4910:, pp. 17, 21.
4044:Revelation 20:7–10
3753:Petersen, David L.
2678:The author of the
2652:William of Rubruck
2621:
2438:Hadith Dhulqarnayn
2409:, Al-Qazwini, and
2381:Theodore Synkellos
2377:Isidore of Seville
2357:Michael the Syrian
2319:Chronicon Paschale
2293:Isidore of Seville
2156:
2077:Alexander Romances
2032:, gwg) and Magog (
1973:
1942:Gates of Alexander
1764:
1695:and their rear in
1673:
1661:
1611:
1517:Book of Revelation
1477:Messiah ben Joseph
1463:Midrashic writings
1409:
1401:
1272:
898:Atchalta De'Geulah
870:Mashiach Ben Yosef
866:Mashiach Ben David
862:Elijah the Prophet
672:Beast of the Earth
413:Book of Revelation
296:Alexander Romances
237:Gates of Alexander
226:Book of Revelation
202:Jewish eschatology
65:
8313:Jewish messianism
8298:Islamic mythology
8293:Mythological duos
8255:
8254:
8086:Zombie apocalypse
7987:Postmillennialism
7782:Great Tribulation
7555:Stellar collision
7516:Near-Earth object
7466:Geomagnetic storm
7434:
7433:
7357:Biodiversity loss
7341:Genetic pollution
7295:
7294:
7084:Biodiversity loss
7047:Societal collapse
7025:Nuclear holocaust
7010:Economic collapse
6993:Doomsday argument
6911:Antimatter weapon
6764:
6763:
6473:The full text of
6388:Gow, Andrew Colin
6364:Gow, Andrew Colin
5971:. A&C Black.
5845:, pp. 8, 10.
5770:, pp. 34–35.
5731:, pp. 68–69.
5719:, pp. 70–71.
5639:, pp. 56–57.
5591:, pp. 23–24.
5579:, pp. 77–78.
5509:, pp. 66–67.
5054:Roman d'Alexandre
4922:, pp. 28–32.
4784:, pp. 17–21.
4726:Alexander Romance
4613:, pp. 61–62.
4536:978-3-11-072023-5
4373:978-2-221-10631-0
4363:Boyer, R. (2008)
4282:, pp. 82–84.
4193:, pp. 65–68.
3984:Grossman, Avraham
3742:, pp. 94–97.
3520:, pp. 89–90.
2902:Explanatory notes
2762:Primary Chronicle
2600:The confined Jews
2467:Hayton of Corycus
2455:Richer of Senones
2373:Avars and Magyars
2315:Pseudo-Hegesippus
2263:Alexander Romance
2207:in Anglo-Norman.
2115:, Branch III, of
2112:Roman d'Alexandre
2083:Alexander Romance
1923:, Muhammad said:
1780:history of Europe
1647:
1623:(Chapter 18) and
1601:Persian miniature
1540:Alexander Romance
1533:Alexander Romance
1481:Messiah ben David
1469:Bar Kokhba revolt
1421:Sibylline Oracles
1162:
1161:
959:Líf and Lífþrasir
942:Figures and items
796:Book of Zechariah
556:Postmillennialism
300:human cannibalism
189:Magog" into "Gog
155:
139:Ya'juj and Ma'juj
131:
60:Book of Alexander
8335:
8328:Book of Jubilees
8278:Biblical phrases
8220:
8219:
8211:World portal
8209:
8208:
8170:Financial crisis
7999:Nibiru cataclysm
7977:Premillennialism
7821:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
7789:Son of perdition
7777:Olivet Discourse
7753:Whore of Babylon
7379:Biological agent
7326:Human extinction
7316:Extinction event
7304:
7303:
7275:Overexploitation
7205:Land consumption
7200:Land degradation
7067:
7066:
6929:Micro black hole
6837:Chemical warfare
6791:
6784:
6777:
6768:
6767:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6565:
6544:
6523:
6495:
6472:
6466:
6450:
6428:
6407:
6383:
6359:
6331:
6310:
6292:
6276:
6237:
6216:
6198:
6175:Block, Daniel I.
6170:
6143:Biblical studies
6138:
6119:
6098:
6070:
6049:
6024:
6013:. Mohr Siebeck.
6003:
5982:
5961:
5934:
5909:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5657:
5651:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5563:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5468:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5435:
5434:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5381:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5201:
5200:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5021:
5015:
5014:
4989:
4983:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4735:
4729:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4663:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4632:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4458:
4452:
4435:
4429:
4418:
4412:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4361:
4355:
4340:
4334:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4090:
4079:
4073:
4062:
4056:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3619:
3613:
3610:Blenkinsopp 1996
3607:
3598:
3597:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3468:
3462:
3461:, p. 84, fn. 31.
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3329:
3318:
3317:
3293:
3284:
3278:
3250:
3236:
3230:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3186:
3175:
3169:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3143:
3136:
3130:
3119:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3019:
3012:
3006:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2949:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2912:
2723:
2709:
2700:
2697:
2693:Southern Germany
2618:
2615:
2496:Eurasian steppes
2433:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
2425:Iovane Sabanisje
2389:Chronicon Pictum
2301:Otto of Freising
2180:prose Alexander'
2072:
2067:Pseudo-Methodius
2060:Alexander Legend
2055:Pseudo-Methodius
2039:
2031:
2022:Alexander Legend
1905:Sahih Al-Bukhari
1642:
1640:
1554:
1450:
1441:Book of Jubilees
1368:
1344:Table of Nations
1288:Babylonian exile
1284:Solomon's Temple
1215:Dead Sea Scrolls
1154:
1147:
1140:
888:Events and terms
682:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
543:Premillennialism
429:Olivet Discourse
343:
342:
239:were erected by
212:is more starkly
160:
158:Yaʾjūj wa-Maʾjūj
150:
148:
136:
126:
124:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
8343:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8283:Book of Ezekiel
8258:
8257:
8256:
8251:
8230:Future problems
8203:
8194:
8128:
8097:
8064:Climate fiction
8030:
7905:2012 phenomenon
7888:
7794:Sheep and Goats
7681:2 Thessalonians
7559:
7476:Gamma-ray burst
7430:
7345:
7336:Genetic erosion
7291:
7261:
7252:Water pollution
7220:Ozone depletion
7116:Desertification
7056:
6971:
6906:Doomsday device
6886:Nuclear warfare
6825:
6800:
6795:
6765:
6760:
6708:
6671:
6629:
6619:
6589:
6583:
6562:
6541:
6520:
6448:
6425:
6380:
6356:
6328:
6234:
6195:
6167:
6135:
6116:
6095:
6067:
6046:
6021:
6000:
5979:
5958:
5931:
5906:
5878:
5873:
5865:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5817:
5813:
5806:
5790:
5786:
5778:
5774:
5766:
5762:
5754:
5750:
5746:, p. 254).
5742:
5735:
5727:
5723:
5715:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5691:
5687:
5679:
5675:
5667:
5660:
5652:
5643:
5635:
5631:
5625:Bietenholz 1994
5623:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5566:
5558:
5554:
5547:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5498:
5490:
5486:
5478:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5445:
5438:
5427:
5423:
5415:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5391:
5384:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5348:
5344:
5337:
5323:
5319:
5312:
5298:
5294:
5287:
5273:
5269:
5262:
5248:
5244:
5237:
5223:
5219:
5213:Bietenholz 1994
5211:
5204:
5197:
5183:
5179:
5172:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5131:
5127:
5121:Bietenholz 1994
5119:
5112:
5104:
5100:
5092:
5088:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5004:, p. 238,
4990:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4966:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4930:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4906:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4840:
4836:
4828:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4764:
4760:
4752:
4748:
4736:
4732:
4712:
4708:
4685:10.2307/2846760
4664:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4633:
4629:
4621:
4617:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4568:
4554:
4550:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4511:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4476:
4472:
4459:
4455:
4445:Wayback Machine
4436:
4432:
4419:
4415:
4405:Wayback Machine
4396:
4392:
4383:
4379:
4362:
4358:
4341:
4337:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4257:Hakluyt Society
4249:
4245:
4237:
4233:
4225:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4162:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4091:
4082:
4074:
4065:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3981:
3977:
3971:Mikraot Gedolot
3969:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3817:
3813:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3765:. p. 158.
3763:John Knox Press
3750:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3632:. p. 301.
3620:
3616:
3608:
3601:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3552:
3548:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3506:Buitenwerf 2007
3504:
3500:
3494:Buitenwerf 2007
3492:
3488:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3369:
3363:Bietenholz 1994
3361:
3357:
3350:
3330:
3321:
3314:
3306:. p. 209.
3294:
3287:
3279:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3247:Arthurian cycle
3237:
3233:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3176:
3172:
3162:Johannes Magnus
3159:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3133:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3044:, p. 133).
3039:
3035:
3031:, p. 124).
3026:
3022:
3013:
3009:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2858:
2824:began with the
2784:identified the
2775:
2758:
2698:
2669:die roten Juden
2629:Petrus Comestor
2625:Ten Lost Tribes
2616:
2602:
2546:Tartar Relation
2498:
2218:
2213:
2211:Identifications
2169:King Alisaunder
2154:
2143:
2117:Lambert le Tort
2079:
2070:
2018:
1971:
1966:(1375), Paris,
1944:
1938:
1889:
1837:
1808:Imran N. Hosein
1756:
1754:Identifications
1705:
1689:the Sea of Azov
1609:, 16th century.
1589:
1535:
1513:
1508:
1506:Christian texts
1467:The anti-Roman
1465:
1453:Samaritan Torah
1415:Magog into Gog
1399:
1392:
1359:aḥarit ha-yamim
1340:Daniel I. Block
1276:Book of Ezekiel
1270:
1254:
1249:
1158:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1072:2012 phenomenon
1064:
1063:
1062:Inter-religious
1054:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1008:
1007:
996:
995:
994:
968:
938:
937:
926:
925:
922:
902:Kibbutz Galuyot
882:
846:
805:
791:Book of Ezekiel
771:
770:
759:
758:
757:
726:
722:Yajuj and Majuj
661:
660:
649:
648:
647:
627:
626:
615:
614:
613:
610:
599:
560:
552:
526:
523:
507:
489:Different views
483:
480:
464:
438:
434:Sheep and Goats
422:
398:
397:
386:
385:
384:
369:
368:
341:
285:Ten Lost Tribes
183:Revelation 20:8
93:
90:
75:
71:
63:
44:
33:Gog Magog Hills
17:
12:
11:
5:
8341:
8331:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8225:Apocalypticism
8214:
8199:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8136:
8134:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8093:
8083:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8069:Disaster films
8066:
8061:
8060:
8059:
8054:
8044:
8042:Alien invasion
8038:
8036:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7982:Amillennialism
7979:
7969:
7967:Millenarianism
7964:
7963:
7962:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7920:Apocalypticism
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7896:
7894:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7874:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7816:Dhu al-Qarnayn
7813:
7808:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7785:
7784:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7762:Great Apostasy
7759:
7758:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7700:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7651:
7641:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7619:
7609:
7607:Last Judgement
7604:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7569:
7567:
7565:Eschatological
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7508:
7503:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7312:
7310:
7301:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7280:Overpopulation
7277:
7271:
7269:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7259:
7257:Water scarcity
7254:
7249:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7232:
7230:Sea level rise
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7193:on marine life
7190:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7148:Global warming
7145:
7140:
7138:Global dimming
7135:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7096:Cascade effect
7093:
7092:
7091:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7071:Climate change
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6990:
6985:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6931:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6901:Doomsday Clock
6898:
6893:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6852:Cyberterrorism
6849:
6839:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6811:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6794:
6793:
6786:
6779:
6771:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6720:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6643:
6641:
6631:
6630:
6618:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6595:
6588:
6587:
6581:
6566:
6560:
6545:
6539:
6524:
6518:
6502:
6501:
6497:
6496:
6478:
6477:at Wikisource)
6451:
6446:
6429:
6423:
6408:
6384:
6378:
6360:
6354:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6326:
6311:
6293:
6283:, ed. (1889).
6277:
6252:(2): 123–136,
6238:
6232:
6217:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6193:
6171:
6165:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6133:
6120:
6114:
6099:
6093:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6065:
6050:
6045:978-9004174160
6044:
6025:
6019:
6004:
5998:
5983:
5977:
5962:
5956:
5935:
5929:
5910:
5904:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5859:
5847:
5835:
5823:
5821:, p. 171.
5811:
5804:
5784:
5782:, p. 196.
5772:
5760:
5758:, p. 205.
5748:
5733:
5721:
5709:
5697:
5685:
5673:
5658:
5641:
5629:
5627:, p. 134.
5617:
5615:, p. 124.
5605:
5593:
5581:
5564:
5552:
5545:
5523:
5511:
5496:
5484:
5482:, p. 126.
5469:
5460:
5451:
5436:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5382:
5367:
5360:
5342:
5335:
5317:
5310:
5292:
5285:
5267:
5260:
5242:
5235:
5217:
5202:
5195:
5177:
5170:
5152:
5145:
5125:
5123:, p. 125.
5110:
5108:, p. 375.
5098:
5094:Westrem (1998)
5086:
5084:, p. 133.
5074:
5068:
5042:
5036:
5016:
5010:
4984:
4972:
4970:, p. 207.
4960:
4948:
4944:Armstrong 1937
4936:
4924:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4876:
4861:
4854:
4834:
4822:
4820:, p. 123.
4810:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4758:
4746:
4730:
4706:
4679:(2): 264–270.
4653:
4627:
4615:
4603:
4591:
4573:
4566:
4548:
4535:
4505:
4491:
4482:
4470:
4453:
4430:
4426:978-0582059702
4413:
4390:
4388:, pp. 167–181.
4377:
4367:. R. Laffont.
4356:
4335:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4284:
4272:
4265:
4243:
4231:
4219:
4207:
4195:
4183:
4176:
4156:
4136:
4110:
4103:
4080:
4063:
4048:
4036:
4029:
4007:
4000:
3975:
3963:
3961:, p. 684.
3951:
3939:
3932:
3910:
3908:, p. 201.
3898:
3886:
3874:
3872:, p. 153.
3862:
3850:
3838:
3831:
3811:
3778:
3771:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3718:, p. 436.
3708:
3701:
3681:
3669:
3667:, p. 271.
3657:
3645:
3638:
3614:
3612:, p. 178.
3599:
3579:
3573:
3546:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3508:, p. 172.
3498:
3496:, p. 166.
3486:
3463:
3451:
3449:, p. 536.
3439:
3432:
3412:
3405:
3382:
3367:
3365:, p. 123.
3355:
3348:
3319:
3312:
3285:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3231:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3170:
3153:
3144:
3131:
3114:
3101:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3033:
3020:
3007:
3000:The Jewish War
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2931:
2922:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2857:
2854:
2797:the idea that
2774:
2771:
2757:
2754:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2601:
2598:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2478:
2442:
2421:Aethicus Ister
2414:
2392:
2370:
2360:
2353:Vita Alexandri
2322:
2304:
2266:
2240:
2226:late antiquity
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2160:Thomas de Kent
2147:Thomas de Kent
2144:
2078:
2075:
2020:In the Syriac
2017:
2014:
1959:
1937:
1934:
1888:
1885:
1836:
1833:
1815:Sea of Galilee
1790:prosecuted by
1755:
1752:
1704:
1701:
1631:Dhu al-Qarnayn
1588:
1585:
1534:
1531:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1464:
1461:
1393:
1375:eschatological
1282:, a priest of
1261:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1116:Millenarianism
1113:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1082:Apocalypticism
1079:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
992:
987:
982:
976:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
939:
933:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
921:
920:
894:
884:
883:
881:
880:
858:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
815:
813:
806:
804:
803:
801:Book of Daniel
798:
793:
788:
786:Book of Isaiah
782:
780:
777:Biblical texts
772:
766:
765:
764:
761:
760:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
662:
656:
655:
654:
651:
650:
646:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
622:
621:
620:
617:
616:
612:
611:
609:
608:
602:
600:
598:
597:
592:
587:
581:
579:
569:
561:
559:
558:
553:
551:
550:
548:Amillennialism
545:
539:
537:
527:
525:
524:
522:
521:
516:
510:
508:
506:
505:
500:
494:
492:
484:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
467:
465:
463:
462:
457:
451:
449:
441:
440:
439:
437:
436:
431:
425:
423:
421:
420:
418:Book of Daniel
415:
409:
407:
404:Biblical texts
399:
393:
392:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
377:
371:
370:
364:
363:
362:
359:
358:
352:
351:
340:
337:
329:Dhu al-Qarnayn
283:, or even the
123:גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג
56:Jean Wauquelin
53:
29:Oaks of Albion
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8340:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8268:Gog and Magog
8266:
8265:
8263:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8240:Risk analysis
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8222:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8197:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8185:Social crisis
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8102:Organizations
8100:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8026:World to come
8024:
8022:
8019:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7973:
7972:Millennialism
7970:
7968:
7965:
7961:
7960:Messianic Age
7958:
7957:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7945:Gog and Magog
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7935:Earth Changes
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7772:New Jerusalem
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7748:War in Heaven
7746:
7744:
7743:Two witnesses
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7612:Second Coming
7610:
7608:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7375:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7264:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7241:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7111:Deforestation
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7052:World War III
7050:
7048:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6968:
6967:Transhumanism
6965:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6830:Technological
6828:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6799:
6792:
6787:
6785:
6780:
6778:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6602:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6584:
6582:9780802869081
6578:
6574:
6573:
6567:
6563:
6561:9781621894100
6557:
6553:
6552:
6546:
6542:
6540:9780520264311
6536:
6532:
6531:
6525:
6521:
6519:9780815630586
6515:
6511:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6471:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6430:
6426:
6424:9780520083004
6420:
6416:
6415:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6355:9781442203020
6351:
6347:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6327:9780141907116
6323:
6319:
6318:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6194:9780802825360
6190:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6166:9780664256395
6162:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6134:9780028659350
6130:
6126:
6121:
6117:
6115:9780802824912
6111:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6096:
6094:9780802824912
6090:
6086:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6075:Encyclopedias
6074:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6026:
6022:
6020:9783161508578
6016:
6012:
6011:
6005:
6001:
5999:9780527626006
5995:
5991:
5990:
5984:
5980:
5978:9781441112477
5974:
5970:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5957:9780754655831
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5930:9783161475207
5926:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5911:
5907:
5905:9780910956079
5901:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5868:
5863:
5856:
5851:
5844:
5839:
5832:
5827:
5820:
5815:
5807:
5805:9780674028616
5801:
5797:
5796:
5788:
5781:
5776:
5769:
5764:
5757:
5752:
5745:
5740:
5738:
5730:
5725:
5718:
5713:
5706:
5701:
5694:
5689:
5682:
5677:
5670:
5665:
5663:
5656:, p. 66.
5655:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5638:
5633:
5626:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5603:, p. 42.
5602:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5578:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5556:
5548:
5546:9780802099280
5542:
5538:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5493:
5488:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5464:
5455:
5448:
5443:
5441:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5417:Marshall 1993
5413:
5406:
5401:
5395:, p. 65.
5394:
5389:
5387:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5363:
5361:9783110720150
5357:
5353:
5346:
5338:
5336:9783110720150
5332:
5328:
5321:
5313:
5311:9783110720150
5307:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5286:9783110720150
5282:
5278:
5271:
5263:
5261:9783110720150
5257:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5236:9783110720150
5232:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5198:
5196:9783110720150
5192:
5188:
5181:
5173:
5171:9783110720150
5167:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5146:9780816637997
5142:
5138:
5137:
5129:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5107:
5102:
5096:, p. 61.
5095:
5090:
5083:
5078:
5071:
5069:9780791488324
5065:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5046:
5039:
5037:9780801464973
5033:
5029:
5028:
5020:
5013:
5011:9780791488324
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4988:
4982:, p. 88.
4981:
4980:Anderson 1932
4976:
4969:
4964:
4957:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4934:, p. 57.
4933:
4928:
4921:
4920:Stoneman 1991
4916:
4909:
4904:
4898:, p. 21.
4897:
4892:
4885:
4880:
4872:
4865:
4857:
4855:9780691130156
4851:
4847:
4846:
4838:
4832:, p. 32.
4831:
4826:
4819:
4814:
4808:, p. 29.
4807:
4806:Stoneman 1991
4802:
4796:, p. 30.
4795:
4790:
4783:
4778:
4772:, pp. 153–54.
4771:
4767:
4762:
4756:, p. 17.
4755:
4750:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4619:
4612:
4607:
4601:, p. 54.
4600:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4569:
4567:9780991430864
4563:
4559:
4552:
4538:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4501:
4495:
4486:
4479:
4474:
4467:
4466:1-903025-00-1
4463:
4457:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4353:
4352:2-7242-3080-9
4349:
4345:
4339:
4332:
4331:0-19-285434-8
4328:
4324:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4294:, p. 30.
4293:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4266:9780904180374
4262:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4205:, p. 74.
4204:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4177:9788120606722
4173:
4169:
4168:
4160:
4149:
4148:
4140:
4125:
4124:image gallery
4121:
4114:
4106:
4104:9783110720150
4100:
4096:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4077:
4076:Stoneman 1991
4072:
4070:
4068:
4061:, p. 35.
4060:
4059:Anderson 1932
4055:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4030:9780802837110
4026:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4003:
4001:9789004222366
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3973:HaMeor p. 400
3972:
3967:
3960:
3955:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3933:9781887563772
3929:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3832:9783161505683
3828:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3772:9780664254537
3768:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3754:
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3741:
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3729:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3702:9780310571049
3698:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3661:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3639:9781575674360
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3576:
3574:9780192100191
3570:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3559:Roud, Stephen
3556:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3532:, p. 49.
3531:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3448:
3443:
3435:
3433:9780567134394
3429:
3425:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3406:9780416741902
3402:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3349:9780802825377
3345:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3313:9780664237752
3309:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3292:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3111:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3050:
3043:
3037:
3030:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2926:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
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2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2807:Ronald Reagan
2804:
2800:
2799:Soviet Russia
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:Shalmaneser V
2743:
2739:
2738:Artaxerxes II
2735:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2656:supposed wall
2653:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2611:
2606:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2559:Sharif Idrisi
2556:
2552:
2551:Friar Carpini
2548:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2537:Mongol Empire
2534:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2459:Matthew Paris
2456:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:(d. 397) and
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:Leo of Naples
2181:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2087:interpolation
2084:
2074:
2071:(609–632 CE),
2068:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:Catalan Atlas
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1587:Islamic texts
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:Gog and Magog
1558:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1265:
1258:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Last Judgment
1095:
1093:
1092:Gog and Magog
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1000:
999:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
973:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Bound monster
947:
946:
943:
936:
930:
929:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
891:
889:
879:
875:
874:Gog and Magog
871:
867:
863:
860:
859:
857:
856:
855:
853:
843:
840:
838:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
817:
816:
814:
811:
810:Other sources
807:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
778:
774:
773:
769:
763:
762:
754:
751:
749:
748:Return of Isa
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
731:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
666:
659:
653:
652:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
625:
619:
618:
607:
606:Second Coming
604:
603:
601:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
580:
577:
573:
570:
567:
563:
562:
557:
554:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:Millennialism
529:
528:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
509:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
493:
490:
486:
485:
477:
474:
472:
471:Four Horsemen
469:
468:
466:
461:
460:Two witnesses
458:
456:
453:
452:
450:
447:
446:Major figures
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
424:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
408:
405:
401:
400:
396:
390:
389:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
367:
361:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
345:
344:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
306:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:Revelation 20
176:
175:New Testament
172:
168:
164:
159:
153:
144:
140:
135:
129:
120:
114:
69:
68:Gog and Magog
61:
57:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
8202:
8145:Cyberwarfare
7944:
7863:Third Temple
7857:
7718:Lake of fire
7528:Rogue planet
7496:Impact event
7486:Proton decay
7439:Astronomical
7389:Bioterrorism
7235:Supervolcano
7133:Flood basalt
7079:Anoxic event
6988:Collapsology
6976:Sociological
6847:Cyberwarfare
6575:. Eerdmans.
6571:
6550:
6529:
6508:
6490:
6462:
6437:
6413:
6398:(1): 61–88.
6395:
6391:
6368:
6344:
6316:
6301:
6288:
6249:
6245:
6222:
6211:
6179:
6151:
6124:
6104:
6083:
6055:
6030:
6009:
5988:
5967:
5943:
5921:Mohr Siebeck
5915:
5890:
5876:Bibliography
5862:
5850:
5838:
5833:, p. 4.
5826:
5814:
5794:
5787:
5775:
5763:
5756:Wessels 2013
5751:
5729:Westrem 1998
5724:
5712:
5700:
5688:
5676:
5654:Westrem 1998
5632:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5584:
5555:
5536:
5526:
5514:
5507:Westrem 1998
5487:
5463:
5454:
5430:
5424:
5412:
5407:, p. 8.
5400:
5393:Westrem 1998
5351:
5345:
5326:
5320:
5301:
5295:
5276:
5270:
5251:
5245:
5226:
5220:
5186:
5180:
5161:
5155:
5135:
5128:
5101:
5089:
5082:Michael 1982
5077:
5059:
5053:
5045:
5026:
5019:
4997:
4987:
4975:
4963:
4951:
4946:, VI, p. 41.
4939:
4932:Westrem 1998
4927:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4883:
4879:
4870:
4864:
4844:
4837:
4825:
4813:
4801:
4789:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4709:
4676:
4672:
4644:. Retrieved
4640:
4630:
4623:Massing 1991
4618:
4611:Westrem 1998
4606:
4594:
4585:
4576:
4557:
4551:
4540:, retrieved
4518:
4508:
4494:
4485:
4478:Sahih Muslim
4473:
4456:
4448:
4433:
4416:
4408:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4364:
4359:
4354:. pp. 184–85
4343:
4338:
4322:
4317:
4308:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4252:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4166:
4159:
4146:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4123:
4113:
4094:
4039:
4020:
4017:"Revelation"
4010:
3991:
3978:
3966:
3954:
3942:
3923:
3920:"Messianism"
3913:
3901:
3889:
3877:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3821:
3814:
3798:
3794:
3757:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3691:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3624:
3617:
3592:
3582:
3563:
3549:
3544:, p. 1.
3537:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3489:
3481:
3478:
3471:Lust (1999a)
3466:
3454:
3442:
3422:
3415:
3395:
3358:
3334:
3298:
3242:
3234:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3181:, a form of
3173:
3156:
3147:
3138:Branch III,
3134:
3127:mons Caspius
3126:
3117:
3109:
3104:
3090:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3036:
3023:
3015:
3014:Also called
3010:
2998:
2985:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2943:
2934:
2929:4Q523 scroll
2925:
2915:
2910:
2887:in Mandaeism
2862:
2850:
2846:Persian Gulf
2814:millenarians
2811:
2802:
2776:
2761:
2759:
2742:Book of Ezra
2734:Artaxerxes I
2731:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2649:
2641:
2632:
2622:
2590:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2544:
2531:
2519:Prester John
2512:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2416:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2372:
2363:Haphthalites
2362:
2352:
2324:
2306:
2297:John Zonaras
2268:
2242:
2232:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2110:
2108:
2080:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2021:
2019:
2007:
1991:another work
1984:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1926:
1921:Sahih Muslim
1909:Sahih Muslim
1902:
1890:
1876:
1856:
1838:
1826:
1812:
1765:
1748:Dhul-Qarnayn
1706:
1674:
1659:(1203–1283).
1624:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1578:
1561:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1514:
1485:
1466:
1438:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1394:—Old French
1379:
1358:
1352:
1329:
1305:
1273:
1247:Jewish texts
1230:
1223:1 Chronicles
1210:
1204:
1195:
1181:
1175:, a king of
1163:
1091:
1043:Frashokereti
1017:
980:Fimbulwinter
971:
969:
941:
906:Third Temple
887:
885:
873:
851:
849:
809:
776:
753:Resurrection
729:
727:
677:Dhul-Qarnayn
664:
566:Other events
565:
531:
488:
445:
403:
324:
320:
310:
305:mappae mundi
303:
293:
233:Roman period
230:
210:Christianity
195:
190:
186:
138:
67:
66:
59:
45:
8221:Categories
8190:Survivalism
7877:Zoroastrian
7733:Seven seals
7728:Seven bowls
7654:Historicism
7550:Solar flare
7426:Overfishing
7401:Defaunation
7188:coral reefs
6950:AI takeover
6869:Nanoweapons
6857:Cybergeddon
6842:Cyberattack
6455:Polo, Marco
6320:. Penguin.
6297:Meyer, Paul
5744:Marsh (2011
4641:My Old Maps
3740:Tooman 2011
3728:Tooman 2011
3665:Tooman 2011
3630:Moody Press
3628:. Chicago:
3399:. Methuen.
3223:Roger Bacon
3092:Alexandreis
3071:Recension γ
3062:Recension ε
2885:Hag and Mag
2880:Eschatology
2842:Afghanistan
2838:Six-Day War
2832:, Israel's
2803:rosh meshek
2766:Kievan Rus'
2699: 1430
2617: 1430
2399:Abu Hurayra
2220:Throughout
2200:mappa mundi
1792:Charlemagne
1776:Scandinavia
1736:Ibn Battuta
1681:Caspian sea
1553:Μαζοί Βορρά
1367:אחרית הימים
1355:end of days
1211:Gog u-Magog
1034:Zoroastrian
954:Gjallarhorn
864:, Messiah (
595:Seven Seals
514:Historicism
356:Eschatology
315:in chapter
261:Middle Ages
235:, that the
214:apocalyptic
198:end of days
134:Gōg ū-Māgōg
8262:Categories
8150:Depression
8140:Ransomware
7955:Messianism
7925:Armageddon
7910:Apocalypse
7698:Antichrist
7686:Man of sin
7583:Three Ages
7446:Big Crunch
7308:Extinction
7300:Biological
7062:Ecological
6934:Strangelet
6657:Arpachshad
6475:Chapter 59
6447:0300051670
6379:9004102558
6233:9004100636
6066:0812216350
5882:Monographs
5780:Filiu 2011
5681:Boyle 1979
5613:Boyle 1979
5480:Boyle 1979
5405:Brook 2006
5378:Brook 2006
5106:Lust 1999b
5002:SUNY Press
4968:Meyer 1886
4956:Meyer 1886
4818:Boyle 1979
4766:Budge 1889
4738:Budge 1889
4599:Filiu 2011
4346:. Perrin.
4292:Filiu 2011
3894:Lust 1999a
3716:Block 1998
3677:Block 1998
3653:Ezekiel 38
3475:Bøe (2001)
3447:Lust 1999a
3299:Revelation
3281:Lust 1999b
3257:References
3227:Antichrist
3095:(1080) of
3042:Boyle 1979
3029:Boyle 1979
2984:Josephus,
2948:(1136 AD).
2822:Armageddon
2756:Kievan Rus
2689:Borgia map
2673:Holy Grail
2610:Borgia map
2593:Henry Yule
2578:Marco Polo
2527:Armageddon
2473:, and the
2463:Marco Polo
2435:, and the
2411:Al-Majlisi
2407:Al-Baydawi
2387:, and the
2317:, and the
2279:(d. 420),
2205:Apocalypse
2195:Sawley map
1956:upper left
1952:lower half
1940:See also:
1861:Portuguese
1845:Indonesian
1823:Ibn Kathir
1788:Saxon Wars
1713:Azerbaijan
1657:al-Qazwini
1639:ذو القرنين
1599:(demons).
1511:Revelation
1457:Septuagint
1425:Aethiopian
1396:Apocalypse
1389:Paul Meyer
1336:Cimmerians
1221:occurs in
1207:Septuagint
1184:Genesis 10
1169:chapter 38
1102:Messianism
590:Armageddon
576:Apocalypse
476:Antichrist
380:Three Ages
222:millennium
171:Ezekiel 38
89: ...
8035:Fictional
7882:Saoshyant
7767:New Earth
7738:The Beast
7671:Preterism
7644:Christian
7600:Kali Yuga
7545:Micronova
7540:Hypernova
7406:Dysgenics
7247:Verneshot
7153:Hypercane
6896:Dead Hand
6372:. Brill.
6274:164166534
6226:. Brill.
5867:Cook 2005
5855:Cook 2005
5843:Cook 2005
5831:Kyle 2012
5819:Kyle 2012
5768:Kyle 2012
4744:, p. 150.
4693:0038-7134
4646:12 August
4129:24 August
3262:Citations
2485:Heraclius
2333:Procopius
2329:Byzantine
2269:Scythians
2222:classical
2186:known as
2133:Antigonus
2003:iron gate
1999:Hyrcanian
1981:Scythians
1913:Ilkhanate
1893:Ibn Abbas
1865:Surakarta
1841:Malaysian
1732:Jade Gate
1724:Ergenekon
1720:Al-Wathiq
1685:Black sea
1626:Al-Anbiya
1528:seashore.
1296:Jerusalem
1267:champlevé
1241:Guildhall
1219:Reubenite
1077:Afterlife
1048:Saoshyant
918:Olam Haba
638:Kali Yuga
498:Preterism
395:Christian
279:or other
257:Scythians
249:Japhetite
152:romanized
128:romanized
8175:Pandemic
8160:Epidemic
8155:Droughts
8009:Prewrath
7940:End time
7806:Al-Qa'im
7691:Katechon
7676:2 Esdras
7666:Idealism
7649:Futurism
7578:Maitreya
7573:Buddhist
7416:Pandemic
6864:Gray goo
6718:Japhetic
6484:(1900).
6457:(1875),
6366:(1995).
6299:(1886).
6266:25211053
6203:Literary
6185:Eerdmans
6177:(1998).
5717:Gow 1995
5637:Gow 1995
5601:Gow 1995
5589:Gow 1995
5577:Gow 1998
4673:Speculum
4441:Archived
4401:Archived
3986:(2012).
3947:Bøe 2001
3906:Bøe 2001
3882:Bøe 2001
3870:Bøe 2001
3858:Bøe 2001
3846:Bøe 2001
3755:(2002).
3590:(1859),
3561:(2000),
3542:Bøe 2001
3530:Bøe 2001
3518:Bøe 2001
3459:Bøe 2001
3340:Eerdmans
3142:124–128.
3004:7.244–51
2856:See also
2844:and the
2795:Cold War
2790:Napoleon
2665:Red Jews
2574:Magogoli
2523:Saracens
2489:Saracens
2311:Josephus
2281:Jordanes
2273:Josephus
2255:Jordanes
2237:Eusebius
2100:Bithynia
2096:Bebrykes
2092:cadavers
1977:Josephus
1697:Khorasan
1570:Bithynia
1566:Bebrykes
1455:and the
1430:Marsians
1371:eschaton
1332:Anatolia
1324:Togarmah
1237:Corineus
1233:Gogmagog
1196:mat-Gugu
985:Ragnarök
974: —
944: —
890: —
854: —
842:Kabbalah
732: —
712:Al-Qa'im
707:Muhammad
667: —
519:Futurism
503:Idealism
375:Maitreya
366:Buddhist
348:a series
346:Part of
251:, as in
245:Josephus
193:Magog".
165:and the
25:Corineus
21:Gogmagog
8303:Japheth
8235:Hazards
8133:General
8004:Rapture
7853:Messiah
7841:Sufyani
7831:Israfil
7801:Islamic
7639:Messiah
7617:1 Enoch
7451:Big Rip
7163:Ecocide
7158:Ice age
6751:Meshech
6714:Japheth
6694:Mizraim
6681:Hamitic
6639:Semitic
6626:Genesis
6488:(ed.).
4718:Romance
4701:2846760
4558:Al-Kafi
4542:9 March
4375:. p. 96
4333:. p. 20
3795:Romania
3183:Aramaic
3140:laisses
2836:in the
2779:Hasidic
2750:2 Kings
2687:In the
2660:Derbent
2582:Tartars
2515:Mongols
2503:Khazars
2417:Khazars
2331:writer
2259:Amazons
2251:Ambrose
2042:Hunnish
1849:Abbasid
1772:Vikings
1768:Baghdad
1728:Derbent
1709:Armenia
1669:Vikings
1646:
1620:Al Kahf
1606:Falnama
1603:from a
1496:Judaism
1488:aggadah
1473:messiah
1434:Dacians
1308:Meshech
1280:Ezekiel
1252:Ezekiel
1200:Babylon
1188:Japheth
1166:Ezekiel
1106:Messiah
1013:Li Hong
990:Vígríðr
970:—
964:Naglfar
940:—
886:—
878:Armilus
852:Figures
850:—
831:Midrash
823:Mishnah
812: —
808:—
779: —
775:—
728:—
717:Sufyani
692:Israfil
665:Figures
663:—
658:Islamic
585:Rapture
568: —
564:—
536: —
530:—
491: —
487:—
448: —
444:—
406: —
402:—
333:Vikings
317:Al-Kahf
277:Mongols
273:Khazars
265:Vikings
253:Genesis
206:Messiah
154::
130::
91:
8165:Famine
8091:Zombie
7893:Others
7848:Jewish
7826:Dajjal
7708:Events
7622:Daniel
7523:winter
7350:Others
7240:winter
7040:winter
7035:famine
7030:cobalt
6704:Canaan
6579:
6558:
6537:
6516:
6444:
6421:
6376:
6352:
6324:
6272:
6264:
6230:
6191:
6163:
6131:
6112:
6091:
6063:
6042:
6017:
5996:
5975:
5954:
5927:
5902:
5802:
5543:
5358:
5333:
5308:
5283:
5258:
5233:
5193:
5168:
5143:
5066:
5034:
5008:
4852:
4699:
4691:
4564:
4533:
4464:
4424:
4371:
4350:
4329:
4263:
4174:
4101:
4027:
3998:
3930:
3829:
3769:
3699:
3655:(NRSV)
3636:
3571:
3430:
3403:
3346:
3310:
3221:Since
3179:Syriac
3166:Sweden
2917:atbash
2865:(film)
2788:under
2782:rabbis
2586:Tenduc
2570:Mogoli
2543:. The
2383:, the
2355:, and
2351:, the
2347:, the
2327:. The
2299:, and
2277:Jerome
2233:Romans
2125:defile
2104:Turkey
2046:Legend
2034:Syriac
2026:Syriac
1929:Maryam
1853:Arabic
1817:, the
1740:Zeitun
1717:Caliph
1635:Arabic
1615:Qur'an
1574:Turkey
1363:Hebrew
1005:Taoist
972:Events
827:Talmud
768:Jewish
730:Events
702:Dajjal
289:Israel
281:nomads
167:Qur'an
143:Arabic
119:Hebrew
8180:Riots
7872:Norse
7836:Mahdi
7595:Kalki
7590:Hindu
6920:(EMP)
6756:Tiras
6746:Tubal
6741:Javan
6736:Madai
6731:Magog
6726:Gomer
6652:Ashur
6270:S2CID
6262:JSTOR
6084:Magog
6036:Brill
4697:JSTOR
4151:(PDF)
4046:(NIV)
3123:Susia
3110:after
2995:18.97
2991:1.123
2891:Magog
2481:Other
2395:Turks
2247:Goths
2243:Goths
2121:Porus
2098:, of
1995:Alans
1881:Khidr
1851:-era
1819:Earth
1693:Syria
1568:, of
1549:Greek
1521:Satan
1500:Rashi
1320:Gomer
1312:Tubal
1300:38–39
1264:Mosan
1177:Lydia
1173:Gyges
935:Norse
697:Mahdi
643:Shiva
633:Kalki
624:Hindu
455:Jesus
339:Names
325:Majuj
321:Yajuj
313:Quran
218:Satan
163:Bible
137:) or
6716:and
6699:Phut
6689:Cush
6679:and
6667:Aram
6647:Elam
6637:and
6635:Shem
6577:ISBN
6556:ISBN
6535:ISBN
6514:ISBN
6442:ISBN
6419:ISBN
6374:ISBN
6350:ISBN
6322:ISBN
6228:ISBN
6189:ISBN
6161:ISBN
6129:ISBN
6110:ISBN
6089:ISBN
6061:ISBN
6040:ISBN
6015:ISBN
5994:ISBN
5973:ISBN
5952:ISBN
5925:ISBN
5900:ISBN
5800:ISBN
5541:ISBN
5356:ISBN
5331:ISBN
5306:ISBN
5281:ISBN
5256:ISBN
5231:ISBN
5191:ISBN
5166:ISBN
5141:ISBN
5064:ISBN
5032:ISBN
5006:ISBN
4850:ISBN
4689:ISSN
4648:2016
4562:ISBN
4544:2024
4531:ISBN
4462:ISBN
4422:ISBN
4369:ISBN
4348:ISBN
4327:ISBN
4261:ISBN
4172:ISBN
4131:2016
4099:ISBN
4025:ISBN
3996:ISBN
3928:ISBN
3827:ISBN
3767:ISBN
3697:ISBN
3634:ISBN
3569:ISBN
3479:HUCA
3473:and
3428:ISBN
3401:ISBN
3344:ISBN
3308:ISBN
3129:etc.
2993:and
2818:Iran
2608:The
2325:Huns
2224:and
2065:The
2052:The
2038:ܡܓܘܓ
1907:and
1869:Java
1711:and
1644:lit.
1597:dīvs
1537:The
1486:The
1439:The
1432:and
1413:from
1348:Tyre
1316:Cush
1310:and
1274:The
1192:Noah
323:and
269:Huns
187:from
39:and
23:and
6677:Ham
6662:Lud
6624:in
6400:doi
6307:170
6254:doi
6250:111
6105:Gog
4728:.".
4681:doi
4523:doi
3803:doi
2942:in
2863:Gog
2848:.
2736:or
2667:" (
2658:in
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2584:in
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2249:by
2162:'s
2149:'s
2129:Tus
2030:ܓܘܓ
1983:in
1897:Ali
1839:In
1699:".
1687:or
1576:).
1557:God
1494:of
1417:and
1292:God
1226:5:4
1182:In
1110:Age
872:),
687:Isa
319:as
287:of
191:and
177:'s
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