1798:
614:
1783:, are believed to have been brought into 17th-century colonial America by enslaved West Africans. The entirety of the sesame plant was used extensively in West African cuisine. The seeds were commonly used as a thickener in soups and puddings, or could be roasted and infused in water to produce a coffee-like drink. Sesame oil made from the seeds could be used as a substitute for butter, finding use as a shortening for making cakes. Moreover, the leaves on mature plants, which are rich in mucilage, can be used as a laxative as well as a treatment for dysentery and cholera. After arriving in North America, the plant was grown by slaves to serve as a subsistence staple as a nutritional supplement to their weekly rations. Since then, it has become a part of various American cuisines.
2080:
56:
2132:
2199:
570:
65:
2159:
2184:
2108:
2068:
83:
2092:
551:
2120:
2214:
891:
562:
4338:
855:
873:
837:
2144:
801:
909:
1811:
819:
1916:
1746:
1640:, identifying the presence of sesame, along with 13 other foods, either as an ingredient or an unintended contaminant in packaged food is compulsory. In the United States, the "FASTER Act" was passed in April 2021, stipulating that labeling be mandatory, to be in effect January 1, 2023, making it the ninth required food ingredient for which labeling is mandated within the United States.
1003:
size-graded, and impurity-free seeds with a guaranteed minimum oil content (not less than 40%) packed according to international standards. Seeds that do not meet these quality standards are considered unfit for export and are consumed locally. In 2008, by volume, premium prices, and quality, the largest exporter was India, followed by
Ethiopia and Myanmar.
770:
After harvesting, the seeds are usually cleaned and hulled. In some countries, once the seeds have been hulled, they are passed through an electronic color-sorting machine that rejects any discolored seeds to ensure perfect color, because sesame seeds with consistent appearance are perceived to be of
766:
Since sesame is a small, flat seed, it is difficult to dry it after harvest because the small seed makes the movement of air around the seed difficult. Therefore, the seeds need to be harvested as dry as possible and stored at 6% moisture or less. If the seed is too moist, it can quickly heat up and
736:
Sesame is drought-tolerant, in part due to its extensive root system. However, it requires adequate moisture for germination and early growth. While the crop survives drought and the presence of excess water, the yields are significantly lower in either condition. Moisture levels before planting and
728:
Sesame varieties have adapted to many soil types. The high-yielding crops thrive best on well-drained, fertile soils of medium texture and neutral pH. However, these have a low tolerance for soils with high salt and water-logged conditions. Commercial sesame crops require 90 to 120 frost-free days.
541:
Historically, sesame was favored for its ability to grow in areas that do not support the growth of other crops. It is also a robust crop that needs little farming support—it grows in drought conditions, in high heat, with residual moisture in soil after monsoons are gone or even when rains fail or
529:
dated to be over 3600 years old. Excavations of King
Tutankhamen uncovered baskets of sesame among other grave goods, suggesting that sesame was present in Egypt by 1350 BC. Archeological reports indicate that sesame was grown and pressed to extract oil at least 2750 years ago in the empire of
758:
domestic grains) by
Langham in 1943 began the work towards the development of a high-yielding, dehiscence-resistant variety. Although researchers have made significant progress in sesame breeding, harvest losses due to early dehiscence continue to limit domestic US production. Agronomists in
1002:
Sesame exports sell across a wide price range. Quality perception, particularly how the seed looks, is a major pricing factor. Most importers who supply ingredient distributors and oil processors only want to purchase scientifically treated, properly cleaned, washed, dried, colour-sorted,
749:
Sesame seeds are protected by a capsule that bursts when the seeds are ripe. The time of this bursting, or "dehiscence", tends to vary, so farmers cut plants by hand and place them together in an upright position to continue ripening until all the capsules have opened. The discovery of an
1624:
and sesame oil, persons with sesame allergies are encouraged to be aware of foods that may contain sesame, such as baked goods. In addition to food sources, individuals allergic to sesame have been warned that a variety of non-food sources may also trigger a reaction to sesame, including
1797:
379:
the cultivated type, originated in India. It tolerates drought conditions well, growing where other crops fail. Sesame has one of the highest oil contents of any seed. With a rich, nutty flavor, it is a common ingredient in cuisines around the world. Like other foods, it can trigger
677:) to release the seeds by splitting along the septa from top to bottom or by means of two apical pores, depending on the varietal cultivar. The degree of dehiscence is of importance in breeding for mechanised harvesting, as is the insertion height of the first capsule.
3649:
Sohouli MH, Haghshenas N, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Shidfar F (January 2022). "Consumption of sesame seeds and sesame products has favorable effects on blood glucose levels but not on insulin resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials".
3508:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1552:
in that it binds to certain nutritional elements consumed at the same time, especially minerals, and prevents their absorption by carrying them along as they pass through the small intestine. Heating and cooking reduce the amount of the acid in the seeds.
732:
Initiation of flowering is sensitive to photoperiod and sesame variety. The photoperiod also affects the oil content in sesame seed; increased photoperiod increases oil content. The oil content of the seed is inversely proportional to its protein content.
1632:
Prevalence of sesame allergy is on the order of 0.1-0.2%, but higher in countries in the Middle East and Asia where consumption is more common as part of traditional diets. In the United States, sesame allergy possibly affects 1.5 million individuals.
609:
Sesame seeds occur in many colours depending on the cultivar. The most traded variety of sesame is off-white coloured. Other common colours are buff, tan, gold, brown, reddish, gray, and black. The colour is the same for the hull and the fruit.
740:
Most commercial cultivars of sesame are intolerant of water-logging. Rainfall late in the season prolongs growth and increases loss to dehiscence, when the seedpod shatters, scattering the seed. Wind can also cause shattering at harvest.
4068:
3507:
3286:
720:). The seeds are ovate, slightly flattened, and somewhat thinner at the eye of the seed (hilum) than at the opposite end. The mass of 100 seeds is 0.203 g. The seed coat (testa) may be smooth or ribbed.
577:
Sesame is a perennial plant growing 50 to 100 cm (1 ft 8 in to 3 ft 3 in) tall, with opposite leaves 4 to 14 cm (2 to 6 in) long with an entire margin; they are broad
966:
The white and other lighter-colored sesame seeds are common in Europe, the
Americas, West Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The black and darker-colored sesame seeds are mostly produced in China and
348:
in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods. World production in 2018 was 6 million tonnes (5,900,000 long tons; 6,600,000 short tons), with
2032:. It is often also used to sprinkle over artisan breads and baked in traditional form to coat the smooth dough, especially on whole-wheat flatbreads or artisan nutrition bars, such as
988:
and traditionally the principal use of the seed. China is the second-largest importer of sesame, mostly oil-grade. China exports lower-priced food-grade sesame seeds, particularly to
2478:
3604:
Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Nikbakht E, Natanelov E, Khalesi S (2017). "Can sesame consumption improve blood pressure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials".
3487:
3342:
542:
when rains are excessive. It was a crop that could be grown by subsistence farmers at the edge of deserts, where no other crops grow. Sesame has been called a survivor crop.
680:
Sesame seeds are small. Their sizes vary with the thousands of varieties known. Typically, the seeds are about 3 to 4 mm long by 2 mm wide and 1 mm thick (
2079:
729:
Warm conditions above 23 °C (73 °F) favor growth and yields. While sesame crops can grow in poor soils, the best yields come from properly fertilized farms.
3239:
1756:
Sesame seed is a common ingredient in various cuisines. It is used whole in cooking for its rich, nutty flavour. Sesame seeds are sometimes added to bread, including
3766:
1481:
4051:"Recall of Organic Sesame Seeds and Organic Omega Seed Mix From The Source Bulk Foods, Rathmines, Due to the Presence of the Unauthorised Pesticide Ethylene Oxide"
1827:-style foods. In Japan, whole seeds are found in many salads and baked snacks, and tan and black sesame seed varieties are roasted and used to make the flavouring
629:, normally pubescent, rectangular in section, and typically grooved with a short, triangular beak. The length of the fruit capsule varies from 2 to 8 centimetres (
3968:
Kuo PC, Lin MC, Chen GF, Yiu TJ, Tzen JT (2011). "Identification of methanol-soluble compounds in sesame and evaluation of antioxidant potential of its lignans".
472:
at least 5500 years ago. It has been claimed that trading of sesame between
Mesopotamia and the Indian subcontinent occurred by 2000 BC. It is possible that the
613:
2837:
4370:
4207:
4025:
2586:
2158:
2052:. The "toasted" form of the oil (as distinguished from the "cold-pressed" form) has a distinctive pleasant aroma and taste, and is used as a table
1533:
The byproduct that remains after oil extraction from sesame seeds, also called sesame oil meal, is rich in protein (35–50%) and is used as feed for
3735:
5811:
4153:
3606:
3111:
2998:
1618:. A cross-reactivity exists between sesame and peanuts, hazelnuts and almonds. In addition to food products derived from sesame seeds, such as
5850:
3418:
4007:
2250:" magically opens a sealed cave. Upon ripening, sesame pods split, releasing a pop and possibly indicating the origin of this phrase.
3515:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3877:
5759:
3479:
5824:
5772:
4363:
6006:
2855:
2507:
L. (Sesame): In Vitro
Culture, and the Production of Naphthoquinone and Other Secondary Metabolites". In Y. P. S. Bajaj (ed.).
3929:"Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: a database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol"
2857:
Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The Origin and Spread of
Cultivated Plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley
2751:
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1695:
may occur in large batches of sesame seeds, such as in
September 2020 when high levels of a common industrial compound,
5707:
4356:
2091:
2067:
1902:, sugar, or palm sugar are made into balls and bars similar to peanut brittle or nut clusters and eaten as snacks. In
973:
In the United States most sesame is raised by farmers under contract to Sesaco, which also supplies proprietary seed.
6036:
5477:
2213:
606:
to 2 in) long, with a four-lobed mouth. The flowers may vary in colour, with some being white, blue, or purple.
1884:
4291:
Bedigian, Dorothea; Harlan, Jack R. (April–June 1986). "Evidence for
Cultivation of Sesame in the Ancient World".
4232:
1731:
or seeds, has found that poor hygiene practices during processing are common sources and routes of contamination.
5855:
5798:
1898:
Sesame seeds and oil are used extensively in India. In most parts of the country, sesame seeds mixed with heated
984:
is the world's largest sesame importer. Sesame oil, particularly from roasted seed, is an important component of
55:
2834:
6016:
2317:
2243:
2198:
2131:
1860:. Sesame flavour (through oil and roasted or raw seeds) is also used to marinate meat and vegetables. Chefs in
1715:
were also affected by the contamination. Regular governmental food inspection for sesame contamination, as for
468:
Archaeological remnants of charred sesame dating to about 3500-3050 BCE suggest sesame was domesticated in the
5927:
3693:
Gouveia Lde A, Cardoso CA, de Oliveira GM, Rosa G, Moreira AS (2016). "Effects of the Intake of Sesame Seeds (
5837:
3394:
1949:. Ground and processed, the seed is also used in sweet confections. Sesame is also a common component of the
4250:
3368:
2590:
2048:
in different parts of the world, though different forms have different characteristics for high-temperature
1477:
5751:
5738:
3475:
2107:
389:
2183:
5632:
3270:
E.S. Oplinger; D.H. Putnam; A.R. Kaminski; C.V. Hanson; E.A. Oelke; E.E. Schulte & J.D. Doll (1990).
3126:
1926:
Sesame is a common ingredient in many Middle Eastern cuisines. Sesame seeds are made into a paste called
999:. Prices have ranged between US$ 800 and 1,700 per tonne (810 and 1,730/long ton) between 2008 and 2010.
2242:
In myths, the opening of the capsule releases the treasure of sesame seeds, as applied in the story of "
6011:
5922:
5777:
5490:
4831:
4781:
3855:
3739:
2881:
Bedigian, Dorothea; Harlan, Jack R. (1986). "Evidence for Cultivation of Sesame in the Ancient World".
2300:
2259:
1776:
1740:
1468:
30:"Black sesame" redirects here. For another "black sesame" crop plant of western and central Africa see
4050:
3902:
2034:
457:
crop known to humanity. The genus has many species, and most are wild. Most wild species of the genus
6026:
5865:
5593:
4342:
3192:
2304:
473:
2703:
82:
5500:
5366:
5080:
3815:
755:
345:
17:
4269:
2119:
1530:(14.8 g), making the nutrient contents and %DVs per serving about 7% of those shown in the table.
6021:
5746:
5673:
4739:
2536:
1868:
for deep-frying. Ground black sesame and rice form an edible paste when mixed with water, called
38:
5960:
2975:
The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD) Volume 4, E
5816:
5733:
5555:
4556:
4509:
4114:
3422:
2948:
2704:"Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research Act of 2021 or the FASTER Act of 2021"
2423:
1967:
2412:
L. (Pedaliaceae), part 1: Evidence regarding the origin of sesame and its closest relatives".
1775:
Sesame seed cookies called Benne wafers, both sweet and savory, are popular in places such as
1339:
5495:
5023:
4963:
4649:
4609:
4571:
4394:
1712:
1577:
1352:
775:
673: in), and the number of loculi varies from four to 12. The fruit naturally splits open (
199:
5950:
5891:
992:. Other major importers are the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Turkey, and France.
6031:
5681:
5217:
5134:
5008:
4906:
4581:
4536:
4473:
3927:
Milder, Ivon E. J.; Arts, Ilja C. W.; Betty; Venema, Dini P.; Hollman, Peter C. H. (2005).
3615:
3204:
2788:
2427:
1391:
1365:
516:
4183:
3444:
3274:. Alternative Field Crops Manual, the University of Wisconsin and University of Minnesota.
8:
4978:
4921:
4899:
4744:
2475:"Sesame seed production in 2022, Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity from pick lists"
1480:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
1116:
1106:
674:
582:, to 5 cm (2 in) broad, at the base of the plant, narrowing to just 1 cm (
469:
5914:
5725:
5604:
5085:
3619:
3557:"Phytate: Impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding"
3216:
3208:
2431:
2279:
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5968:
5317:
5242:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4879:
4811:
4639:
4551:
4546:
4524:
4478:
4405:
4318:
4310:
4147:
3675:
3581:
3556:
3105:
2992:
2914:
2906:
2677:
2642:
2451:
2013:
1971:
1852:
1589:
1523:
1503:
1378:
1319:
1136:
425:. From these roots, words with the generalized meaning "oil, liquid fat" were derived.
372:
344:. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africa and a smaller number in India. It is widely
223:
77:
5436:
3271:
2933:
2618:
5886:
5655:
5518:
5396:
5376:
5336:
5282:
5184:
5179:
4766:
4576:
4489:
4427:
3985:
3950:
3837:
3714:
3679:
3667:
3631:
3586:
3526:
3516:
3220:
3156:
3071:
3044:
3019:
2978:
2898:
2861:
2771:
2760:
2682:
2664:
2512:
2443:
2350:
2322:
1950:
1787:
1607:
1404:
1234:
763:
are working on modern cultivars of sesame that can be harvested by mechanical means.
512:
497:
489:
419:
415:
4322:
2918:
2455:
5973:
5660:
5174:
5159:
5139:
4821:
4702:
4456:
4302:
3977:
3940:
3827:
3706:
3659:
3623:
3576:
3568:
3212:
2890:
2807:
2729:
2672:
2654:
2435:
2414:
2373:
1991:
1768:, often in the form of sticks. In Sicily and France, the seeds are eaten on bread (
1585:
985:
440:
429:
293:
31:
5624:
5406:
2561:
6041:
5996:
5873:
5637:
5441:
5028:
4973:
4953:
4916:
4871:
4674:
4634:
4293:
3065:
3013:
2841:
2439:
2220:
2009:
1834:
626:
433:
120:
5842:
3269:
1506:. In a reference amount of 100 g (3.5 oz), sesame seeds provide 2,400
592: in) broad on the flowering stem. The flowers are tubular, 3 to 5 cm (
6001:
5909:
5614:
5578:
5371:
5341:
5247:
5115:
5040:
4864:
4826:
4801:
4759:
4722:
3832:
3510:
3461:
1963:
1865:
1791:
1765:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1637:
1601:
1581:
1573:
989:
967:
942:
618:
407:
107:
5401:
5990:
5712:
5411:
5346:
5324:
5292:
5227:
5095:
5065:
5045:
5033:
5018:
5003:
4993:
4968:
4771:
4519:
3224:
2902:
2668:
2534:
2447:
2342:
1975:
1856:
1664:
1562:
1495:
1096:
1062:
525:
215:
5456:
4348:
550:
5940:
5391:
5381:
5351:
5287:
5277:
5257:
5237:
5055:
4853:
4796:
4791:
4734:
4494:
4208:"Third-culture breakfast: Asia-inspired morning feasts from Hetty McKinnon"
3989:
3954:
3841:
3718:
3671:
3635:
3590:
3530:
2686:
2021:
1999:
1987:
1615:
1549:
1491:
1417:
1038:
896:
5878:
5647:
3710:
3603:
3572:
3474:
523:, and it is included in the list of medicinal drugs in the scrolls of the
5785:
5587:
5421:
5416:
5361:
5297:
5262:
5070:
4998:
4958:
4692:
4415:
4169:
In the Shadow of Slavery: Africa's Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World
2474:
2312:
2308:
2247:
2237:
2085:
Sesame seeds are commonly added to baked goods and creative confectionery
2045:
1940:
1660:
1611:
1545:
1515:
1022:
751:
569:
481:
166:
4816:
3945:
3928:
2659:
561:
5764:
5528:
5523:
5461:
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5386:
5075:
4983:
4729:
4566:
4561:
4499:
4410:
4314:
4306:
2910:
2894:
2041:
1955:
1749:
1677:
1527:
1519:
1251:
1217:
579:
477:
5790:
3981:
3648:
3627:
1895:
is a dish of ground sesame, often served with smoked fish or lobster.
5720:
5694:
5538:
5533:
5331:
5302:
5252:
5194:
5100:
4988:
4894:
4848:
4468:
4069:"2011-2012 Salmonella and generic E. coli in tahini and sesame seeds"
3663:
3313:
2053:
1761:
1688:
1652:
1626:
1544:
As many seeds do, whole sesame seeds contain a significant amount of
1538:
1507:
1297:
1284:
1190:
996:
5549:
4090:
3287:"A Global Sesame Shortage Puts Tahini in Peril. Can Israel Save It?"
64:
5935:
5572:
5451:
5426:
5144:
5129:
4911:
4838:
4806:
4754:
4707:
4664:
4644:
4629:
4594:
4422:
4337:
3813:
2223:
2205:
2190:
1844:
1829:
1802:
1692:
1570:
1200:
860:
535:
385:
156:
146:
133:
5803:
5699:
3814:
Sicherer SH, Muñoz-Furlong A, Godbold JH, Sampson HA (June 2010).
3130:
2640:
1794:
and sold in stores and street corners, like Bahamian Benny cakes.
1790:, sugar and white sesame seeds are combined into a bar resembling
5668:
5356:
5307:
5222:
5212:
5154:
5090:
5060:
4749:
4712:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4604:
4446:
3692:
3343:"Tiny sesame seed offers big returns for Southern Plains growers"
2535:
Raghav Ram; David Catlin; Juan Romero & Craig Cowley (1990).
1903:
1899:
1869:
1861:
1839:
1810:
1703:
shipment of sesame seeds from India. After detection in Belgium,
1656:
1566:
1565:
showed that sesame consumption produced small reductions in both
1534:
1511:
1170:
960:
938:
878:
842:
454:
381:
364:
353:
328:
176:
4251:"Make Your Own Za'atar Spice Mix and Kick the Flavor Up a Notch"
3464:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011.
2479:
Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
5686:
5312:
5267:
5207:
5164:
5050:
5013:
4933:
4928:
4889:
4786:
4776:
4697:
4659:
4599:
4589:
4463:
4451:
4441:
3858:. Eur-Lex - European Union Law, European Union. 25 October 2011
3697:
L.) and Derivatives on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review".
2408:
Bedigian, Dorothea (2015-01-02). "Systematics and evolution in
2049:
2003:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1888:
1772:, sesame thread). In Greece, the seeds are also used in cakes.
1728:
1724:
1683:
1649:
1620:
1267:
760:
531:
2641:
Adatia, A; Clarke, AE; Yanishevsky, Y; Ben-Shoshan, M (2017).
1879:
as it is known in East Africa, is used in African cuisine. In
5431:
5272:
5232:
5202:
5149:
5124:
5110:
4858:
4843:
4717:
4684:
4669:
4654:
4541:
4436:
4400:
2165:
2028:
1983:
1979:
1824:
1815:
1757:
1745:
1700:
1526:(50-84% DV) (table). A typical serving would be about one US
1052:
981:
956:
952:
914:
824:
806:
653: in), its width varies between 0.5 and 2.0 centimetres (
511:
Some reports claim sesame was cultivated in Egypt during the
400:
357:
349:
94:
4026:"France recalls sesame seed products due to toxic pesticide"
384:
reactions in some people and is one of the nine most common
5169:
4884:
4514:
4504:
4385:
2502:
1880:
314:
308:
302:
3790:"1.5 million people in the US might have sesame allergies"
3501:
3480:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
951:
In 2022, world production of sesame seeds was 6.7 million
771:
better quality by consumers, and sell for a higher price.
3039:
Serpico M; White R (2000). P T Nicholson; I Shaw (eds.).
1707:
for dozens of products and stores were issued across the
1499:
1082:
963:, which together accounted for 41% of the total (table).
4276:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
3245:. Thomas Jefferson Agriculture Institute. Archived from
3190:
2589:. Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Archived from
2584:
3191:
Tunde-Akintunde, T. Y.; Akintunde, B. O. (2004-05-01).
1636:
Canada requires sesame labeling as an allergen. In the
371:
has many other species, most being wild and native to
4140:
African Origins of Sesame Cultivation in the Americas
3926:
2560:. American Sesame Growers Association. Archived from
2280:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
774:
Immature or off-sized seeds are removed and used for
367:
crops known, domesticated well over 3,000 years ago.
305:
299:
3150:
2931:
2616:
4233:"Inside the Spice Cabinet: Za'atar Seasoning Blend"
4071:. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 4 September 2018
3118:
1837:, use sesame seeds and oil in some dishes, such as
500:, compare Southern Dravidian Kannada and Malayalam
311:
296:
3554:
3512:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1883:, the seeds are a main soup ingredient and in the
428:The word "benne" was first recorded to be used in
3738:. VeryWell Health. 4 October 2020. Archived from
3555:Bohn, L.; Meyer, A. S.; Rasmussen, S. K. (2008).
2835:The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication
2020:. It is mainly used as a sauce additive, such as
1329:
1180:
5988:
5322:
3038:
2745:
2743:
2698:
2696:
2498:
2496:
4023:
4008:"EU toughens rules for sesame seeds from India"
3124:
2643:"Sesame allergy: current perspectives (Review)"
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
1711:, totaling some 50 countries. Products with an
617:Sesame Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. from the
4290:
4181:
4166:
3607:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
3468:
2949:"Further Evidence on the Prehistory of Sesame"
2880:
2177:, a ring-shaped bread coated with sesame seeds
1823:In Asia, sesame seeds are sprinkled onto some
4378:
4364:
4005:
3967:
3421:. Commodity Prices. July 2010. Archived from
3308:
3306:
3095:
2740:
2693:
2537:"Sesame: New Approaches for Crop Improvement"
2493:
2321:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2152:– a sesame brittle-type confection from India
1906:, black sesame is used in the preparation of
1584:. Sesame oil studies reported a reduction of
3816:"US prevalence of peanut and sesame allergy"
3787:
3686:
3597:
2390:
1514:) and are a rich source (20% of more of the
3769:. Health Canada, Government of Canada. 2017
3284:
2805:
2585:Ray Hansen; Diane Huntrods (August 2011) .
1490:Dried whole sesame seeds are 5% water, 23%
534:. Others believe it may have originated in
453:Sesame seed is considered to be the oldest
4371:
4357:
4167:Carney, Judith; Rosomoff, Richard (2009).
4152:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3820:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
3736:"Sesame seed allergy and cross-reactivity"
3561:Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
3476:United States Food and Drug Administration
3303:
3110:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2997:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2853:
2552:
1006:
465:the cultivated type, originated in India.
63:
54:
4267:
4001:
3999:
3944:
3895:
3831:
3580:
3231:
3193:"Some Physical Properties of Sesame Seed"
3041:Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology
2676:
2658:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2503:T. Ogasawara; K. Chiba; M. Tada (1988). "
2469:
2467:
2465:
573:Flowers and seed capsules on sesame plant
414:; which in turn are derived from ancient
4137:
3070:. Oxford University Press. p. 168.
2932:E.S. Oplinger; D.H. Putnam; et al.
2860:. Oxford University Press. p. 140.
2749:
2617:E.S. Oplinger; D.H. Putnam; et al.
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2407:
2318:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
1914:
1872:, a Chinese dessert and breakfast dish.
1809:
1796:
1744:
612:
568:
560:
549:
4019:
4017:
3442:
3395:"Japan Sesame Oil Market | IndustryARC"
3375:. Agriculture Marketing Research Center
3318:) seeds and oil meal | Feedipedia"
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
1643:
781:
14:
5989:
3996:
3856:"Regulation (EG) 1169/2011 (Annex II)"
3730:
3728:
3100:. Springer, New York. pp. 67–123.
3096:Voeks, Robert; Rashford, John (2013).
2972:
2946:
2625:
2548:
2546:
2530:
2528:
2462:
1959:, popular throughout the Middle East.
1576:; another demonstrated improvement in
448:
5554:
5553:
4352:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3178:Handbook of herbs and spices Volume 2
3175:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3063:
2597:
2341:
2299:
2073:Magnified image of white sesame seeds
27:Plant cultivated for its edible seeds
5866:bb683355-cb75-48fd-84d9-87bff69a419b
4014:
3870:
3237:
3011:
2854:Zohary, Daniel; Hopf, Maria (2000).
2571:
2368:
2366:
4024:Hannah Thompson (4 November 2020).
3781:
3767:"Sesame - A priority food allergen"
3725:
3217:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.01.009
3098:African Ethnobotany in the Americas
3015:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
2831:Proceedings of the Harlan Symposium
2543:
2525:
1469:Link to USDA FoodData Central entry
390:Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
24:
4284:
3754:
3340:
3084:
461:are native to sub-Saharan Africa.
25:
6058:
4330:
4006:Joe Whitworth (30 October 2020).
3067:Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt
2812:North Carolina Folklife Institute
2363:
1932:(used in various ways, including
1556:
737:flowering affect yield the most.
363:Sesame seed is one of the oldest
5928:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:675971-1
4336:
3903:"Sesame Allergy and Food Labels"
2750:Bedigian, Dorothea, ed. (2010).
2347:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2231:
2212:
2197:
2182:
2157:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2090:
2078:
2066:
1885:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1670:
907:
889:
871:
853:
835:
817:
799:
292:
81:
4261:
4243:
4225:
4200:
4175:
4160:
4131:
4107:
4083:
4061:
4043:
3961:
3920:
3848:
3807:
3642:
3548:
3537:from the original on 2024-05-09
3490:from the original on 2024-03-27
3454:
3436:
3411:
3387:
3361:
3334:
3278:
3263:
3184:
3169:
3144:
3057:
3032:
3005:
2966:
2940:
2925:
2874:
2847:
2824:
2799:
2781:
2722:
2509:Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X
1978:is made from sesame mixed with
1833:. East Asian cuisines, such as
1734:
1017:Nutritional value per 100 grams
4735:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
3788:Minali Nigam (5 August 2019).
3043:. Cambridge University Press.
2795:. Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages.
2335:
2293:
2272:
2244:Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
723:
13:
1:
6007:Crops originating from Africa
4182:BodineVictoria (2020-08-10).
3419:"Oil seed prices and futures"
3151:Frederic Rosengarten (2004).
2647:Journal of Asthma and Allergy
2265:
1864:restaurants blend sesame and
1764:buns. They may be baked into
1027:2,400 kJ (570 kcal)
744:
3933:British Journal of Nutrition
3907:Allergy & Asthma Network
3450:. Ag Market Research Center.
3285:Ronit Vered (22 July 2022).
3240:"Sesame: high value oilseed"
2440:10.1080/00837792.2014.968457
1819:with sweet sesame seed sauce
1779:. Sesame seeds, also called
1606:Sesame can trigger the same
1476:Percentages estimated using
995:Sesame seed is a high-value
394:
7:
4547:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
4138:Bedigian, Dorothea (2013).
3064:David, Ann Rosalie (1999).
3018:. Oxford University Press.
2253:
2137:Sesame seed ball confection
515:, while others suggest the
10:
6063:
3833:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.029
3462:"Sesame Export Statistics"
2759:. CRC Press. p. 400.
2730:"Definition: Teel, Sesame"
2378:Merriam Webster Dictionary
2260:List of sesame seed dishes
2235:
2059:
1777:Charleston, South Carolina
1741:List of sesame seed dishes
1738:
1599:
1595:
439:which itself derives from
399:The word "sesame" is from
360:as the largest producers.
326:) is a plant in the genus
36:
29:
5562:
5511:
5470:
5193:
4683:
4469:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
4384:
4379:Culinary herbs and spices
4142:. Springer, New York, NY.
3699:Journal of Medicinal Food
2349:(3rd ed.). Longman.
2016:refer to sesame seeds as
1922:made of sesame seed paste
1806:covered with sesame seeds
1752:is made from sesame seeds
1648:Sesame seeds contain the
1548:, which is considered an
1475:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1351:
1338:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1266:
1250:
1233:
1216:
1199:
1189:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1012:Whole sesame seeds, dried
935:
788:
545:
474:Indus Valley civilization
229:
222:
205:
198:
78:Scientific classification
76:
71:
62:
53:
48:
6037:Plants described in 1753
5367:Montreal steak seasoning
4119:www.kingarthurbaking.com
3129:. Sesaco. Archived from
2977:. Chicago. p. 106.
2973:Martha, T. Roth (1958).
1629:and skin-care products.
976:
621:agriculture encyclopedia
484:, where it was known as
3153:The Book of Edible Nuts
2113:Sesame seed breadsticks
2101:with black sesame seeds
2044:is sometimes used as a
1478:US recommendations
1007:Nutritional information
432:in 1769 and comes from
39:Sesame (disambiguation)
5323:
3197:Biosystems Engineering
3155:. Dover Publications.
2424:University of Florence
1923:
1912:and cold-pressed oil.
1820:
1807:
1753:
1482:the National Academies
789:Sesame seed production
622:
574:
566:
558:
519:. Egyptians called it
6017:Edible nuts and seeds
4184:"Bahamian Benny Cake"
3711:10.1089/jmf.2015.0075
3573:10.1631/jzus.B0710640
3349:. High Plains Journal
3125:Sesame Coordinators.
2947:Fuller, D.Q. (2003).
2808:"Benne for Good Luck"
2555:"Phenology of Sesame"
2374:"Definition of BENNE"
1918:
1813:
1800:
1748:
1713:organic certification
1699:, was found in a 250-
1614:, as seen with other
1578:fasting blood glucose
1155:Vitamins and minerals
776:sesame oil production
754:mutant (analogous to
616:
572:
564:
553:
274:Volkameria orientalis
5218:Beau monde seasoning
4583:Limnophila aromatica
4091:"Olde Colony Bakery"
3341:Latzke, Jennifer M.
3176:Peter, K.V. (2012).
2936:. Purdue University.
2844:Retrieved 2012-06-17
2806:Sarah Bryan (2015).
2621:. Purdue University.
2539:. Purdue University.
1887:and in the north of
1644:Chemical composition
782:Production and trade
250:Sesamum occidentalis
37:For other uses, see
5342:Jamaican jerk spice
4964:Japanese pricklyash
4171:. pp. 123–138.
4010:. Food Safety News.
3946:10.1079/BJN20051371
3620:2017JSFA...97.3087K
3399:www.industryarc.com
3209:2004BiSyE..88..127T
2660:10.2147/JAA.S113612
2432:2015Webbi..70....1B
2246:" when the phrase "
1986:and roasted into a
1013:
565:Sesame seed capsule
470:Indian subcontinent
449:Origins and history
5318:Herbes de Provence
4949:Grains of paradise
4812:Crushed red pepper
4526:Houttuynia cordata
4307:10.1007/BF02859136
4095:Olde Colony Bakery
3322:www.feedipedia.org
3012:Shaw, Ian (2003).
2956:Asian Agri-History
2895:10.1007/BF02859136
2840:2012-05-27 at the
2753:Sesame: The genus
2736:. 15 October 2023.
2014:Salvadoran cuisine
1974:cuisines, popular
1924:
1821:
1808:
1754:
1608:allergic reactions
1590:lipid peroxidation
1443:Other constituents
1011:
625:Sesame fruit is a
623:
575:
567:
559:
373:sub-Saharan Africa
6012:CYP2D6 inhibitors
5984:
5983:
5887:Open Tree of Life
5556:Taxon identifiers
5547:
5546:
5519:Chinese herbology
5397:Pumpkin pie spice
5377:Old Bay Seasoning
5337:Italian seasoning
5283:Five-spice powder
4585:(rice-paddy herb)
4428:Indian bay leaf (
3982:10.1021/jf104311g
3970:J Agric Food Chem
3628:10.1002/jsfa.8361
3522:978-0-309-48834-1
3162:978-0-486-43499-5
3077:978-0-19-513215-1
3050:978-0-521-45257-1
3025:978-0-19-280458-7
2984:978-0-91-898610-8
2867:978-0-19-850357-6
2776:978-0-8493-3538-9
2766:978-1-4200-0520-2
2518:978-3-540-62727-2
2356:978-1-4058-8118-0
2328:978-0-521-15255-6
2226:with sesame seeds
2204:Sesame flower in
2125:Sesame sweet cake
2056:in some regions.
1845:sesame seed balls
1788:Caribbean cuisine
1675:Contamination by
1518:, DV) of several
1488:
1487:
1433:
1432:
949:
948:
945:
793:
416:Semitic languages
285:
284:
278:
270:
266:Sesamum orientale
262:
258:Sesamum oleiferum
254:
246:
242:Sesamum africanum
238:
16:(Redirected from
6054:
6027:Medicinal plants
5977:
5976:
5964:
5963:
5954:
5953:
5944:
5943:
5931:
5930:
5918:
5917:
5905:
5904:
5895:
5894:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5868:
5859:
5858:
5846:
5845:
5843:NBNSYS0500000360
5833:
5832:
5820:
5819:
5807:
5806:
5794:
5793:
5781:
5780:
5768:
5767:
5755:
5754:
5742:
5741:
5729:
5728:
5716:
5715:
5703:
5702:
5690:
5689:
5677:
5676:
5664:
5663:
5651:
5650:
5641:
5640:
5628:
5627:
5618:
5617:
5608:
5607:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5551:
5550:
5328:
5135:Tasmanian pepper
5116:Sichuan pepper (
5071:Pomegranate seed
4885:Dill / Dill seed
4740:Brazilian pepper
4703:Alligator pepper
4457:garlic / Chinese
4373:
4366:
4359:
4350:
4349:
4341:Data related to
4340:
4326:
4278:
4277:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3994:
3993:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3948:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3878:"Sesame Allergy"
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3835:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3664:10.1002/ptr.7379
3658:(3): 1126–1134.
3646:
3640:
3639:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3369:"Sesame Profile"
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3244:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3082:
3081:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2988:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2851:
2845:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2779:
2770:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2662:
2638:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2595:
2594:
2587:"Sesame profile"
2582:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2559:
2553:D. Ray Langham.
2550:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2405:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2216:
2201:
2186:
2161:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2094:
2082:
2070:
1992:Japanese cuisine
1760:and the tops of
1586:oxidative stress
1524:dietary minerals
1522:(24-68% DV) and
1333:
1271:
1255:
1238:
1221:
1204:
1184:
1151:
1150:
1014:
1010:
986:Japanese cooking
936:
913:
911:
910:
895:
893:
892:
877:
875:
874:
859:
857:
856:
841:
839:
838:
823:
821:
820:
805:
803:
802:
791:
786:
785:
719:
718:
714:
709:
708:
704:
699:
698:
694:
689:
688:
684:
672:
671:
667:
662:
661:
657:
652:
651:
647:
644:
638:
637:
633:
605:
604:
600:
597:
591:
590:
586:
513:Ptolemaic period
388:outlined by the
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
276:
268:
260:
253:Heer & Regel
252:
244:
236:
234:Dysosmon amoenum
211:
86:
85:
67:
58:
46:
45:
32:Sesamum radiatum
21:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6051:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5972:
5967:
5959:
5957:
5949:
5947:
5939:
5934:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5908:
5900:
5898:
5890:
5885:
5877:
5874:Observation.org
5872:
5864:
5862:
5854:
5849:
5841:
5836:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5810:
5802:
5797:
5789:
5784:
5776:
5771:
5763:
5758:
5750:
5745:
5737:
5732:
5724:
5719:
5711:
5706:
5698:
5693:
5685:
5680:
5672:
5667:
5659:
5654:
5646:
5644:
5636:
5631:
5623:
5621:
5613:
5611:
5603:
5601:
5594:Sesamum indicum
5592:
5591:
5586:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5564:Sesamum indicum
5558:
5548:
5543:
5507:
5466:
5442:Tandoori masala
5189:
5066:Peruvian pepper
4954:Grains of Selim
4939:Aromatic ginger
4872:Bunium persicum
4679:
4380:
4377:
4343:Sesamum indicum
4333:
4294:Economic Botany
4287:
4285:Further reading
4282:
4281:
4272:Sesamum indicum
4268:Peter Griffee.
4266:
4262:
4255:The Spruce Eats
4249:
4248:
4244:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4217:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4192:
4190:
4180:
4176:
4165:
4161:
4145:
4144:
4136:
4132:
4123:
4121:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4099:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4022:
4015:
4004:
3997:
3966:
3962:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3909:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3742:on 17 July 2011
3734:
3733:
3726:
3695:Sesamum indicum
3691:
3687:
3647:
3643:
3614:(10): 3087–94.
3602:
3598:
3553:
3549:
3540:
3538:
3523:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3473:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3403:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3324:
3316:Sesamum indicum
3312:
3311:
3304:
3295:
3293:
3283:
3279:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3189:
3185:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3134:
3123:
3119:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3085:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3010:
3006:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2971:
2967:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2930:
2926:
2883:Economic Botany
2879:
2875:
2868:
2852:
2848:
2842:Wayback Machine
2829:
2825:
2816:
2814:
2804:
2800:
2791:Sesamum indicum
2787:
2786:
2782:
2767:
2748:
2741:
2734:Merriam-Webster
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2639:
2626:
2615:
2598:
2583:
2572:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2505:Sesamum indicum
2501:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2481:(FAOSTAT). 2024
2473:
2472:
2463:
2406:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2256:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2189:Sesame flower,
2187:
2178:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2135:
2126:
2123:
2114:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2083:
2074:
2071:
2062:
2010:Mexican cuisine
1835:Chinese cuisine
1743:
1737:
1673:
1646:
1604:
1598:
1559:
1494:(including 12%
1471:
1466:
1424:
1411:
1398:
1385:
1372:
1359:
1346:
1334:
1304:
1291:
1278:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1211:
1202:
1185:
1156:
1145:
1140:
1117:Polyunsaturated
1107:Monounsaturated
1091:
1086:
1047:
1042:
1009:
979:
908:
906:
890:
888:
872:
870:
854:
852:
836:
834:
818:
816:
800:
798:
792:2022, in tonnes
790:
784:
767:become rancid.
747:
726:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
681:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
654:
649:
645:
642:
640:
635:
631:
630:
602:
598:
595:
593:
588:
584:
583:
548:
451:
397:
324:Sesamum indicum
295:
291:
281:
218:
213:
209:Sesamum indicum
207:
194:
191:S. indicum
80:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6060:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6022:Flora of Nepal
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5974:wfo-0000497088
5965:
5955:
5945:
5932:
5919:
5906:
5896:
5883:
5870:
5860:
5847:
5834:
5821:
5808:
5795:
5782:
5769:
5756:
5743:
5730:
5717:
5704:
5691:
5678:
5665:
5652:
5642:
5629:
5619:
5609:
5599:
5584:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5513:
5512:Related topics
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5372:Mulling spices
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5248:Cinnamon sugar
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5160:Voatsiperifery
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4865:Nigella sativa
4856:
4851:
4849:Coriander seed
4846:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4390:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4345:at Wikispecies
4332:
4331:External links
4329:
4328:
4327:
4301:(2): 137–154.
4286:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4260:
4242:
4224:
4199:
4188:BodineVictoria
4174:
4159:
4130:
4115:"Benne Wafers"
4106:
4082:
4060:
4042:
4013:
3995:
3960:
3939:(3): 393–402.
3919:
3894:
3869:
3847:
3826:(6): 1322–26.
3806:
3780:
3753:
3724:
3685:
3641:
3596:
3567:(3): 165–191.
3547:
3521:
3500:
3467:
3453:
3435:
3410:
3386:
3360:
3333:
3302:
3277:
3262:
3230:
3203:(1): 127–129.
3183:
3180:. p. 449.
3168:
3161:
3143:
3117:
3083:
3076:
3056:
3049:
3031:
3024:
3004:
2983:
2965:
2939:
2924:
2889:(2): 137–154.
2873:
2866:
2846:
2823:
2798:
2780:
2765:
2739:
2721:
2710:. 4 April 2021
2692:
2624:
2596:
2593:on 2016-01-21.
2570:
2567:on 2011-06-28.
2542:
2524:
2517:
2492:
2461:
2389:
2362:
2355:
2343:Wells, John C.
2334:
2327:
2292:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2236:Main article:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2179:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2058:
1968:Middle Eastern
1953:spice mixture
1941:Middle Eastern
1866:cottonseed oil
1792:peanut brittle
1770:ficelle sésame
1736:
1733:
1709:European Union
1697:ethylene oxide
1672:
1669:
1645:
1642:
1638:European Union
1616:food allergens
1602:Sesame allergy
1600:Main article:
1597:
1594:
1582:hemoglobin A1c
1574:blood pressure
1558:
1557:Health effects
1555:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1005:
990:Southeast Asia
978:
975:
968:Southeast Asia
947:
946:
943:United Nations
933:
932:
927:
921:
920:
917:
903:
902:
899:
885:
884:
881:
867:
866:
863:
849:
848:
845:
831:
830:
827:
813:
812:
809:
795:
794:
783:
780:
746:
743:
725:
722:
619:Seikei Zusetsu
547:
544:
450:
447:
396:
393:
332:, also called
283:
282:
280:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
239:
230:
227:
226:
220:
219:
214:
203:
202:
196:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
137:
136:
131:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
74:
73:
72:Sesame plants
69:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6059:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5975:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5956:
5952:
5946:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5412:Ras el hanout
5410:
5408:
5407:Quatre épices
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Khmeli suneli
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:Garlic powder
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:Bouquet garni
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:Litsea cubeba
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:Juniper berry
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4772:Celery powder
4770:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4577:Lemon verbena
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4141:
4134:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4070:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4031:
4030:The Connexion
4027:
4020:
4018:
4009:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3976:(7): 3214–9.
3975:
3971:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3857:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3705:(4): 337–45.
3704:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:Phytother Res
3645:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3504:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3463:
3457:
3446:
3443:Mal Bennett.
3439:
3425:on 2020-08-07
3424:
3420:
3414:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3374:
3373:www.agmrc.org
3370:
3364:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3309:
3307:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3266:
3252:on 2023-03-12
3248:
3241:
3238:TJAI (2002).
3234:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3179:
3172:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3133:on 2018-07-02
3132:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3107:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2994:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2962:(2): 127–137.
2961:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2746:
2744:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:Jones, Daniel
2296:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2232:In literature
2225:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:is made from
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:confectionery
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1671:Contamination
1668:
1666:
1665:lariciresinol
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:meta-analysis
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:dietary fiber
1493:
1492:carbohydrates
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1218:Riboflavin (B
1215:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:Dietary fiber
1060:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:Carbohydrates
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1004:
1000:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
974:
971:
969:
964:
962:
959:, India, and
958:
954:
944:
940:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
916:
905:
904:
900:
898:
887:
886:
882:
880:
869:
868:
864:
862:
851:
850:
846:
844:
833:
832:
828:
826:
815:
814:
810:
808:
797:
796:
787:
779:
777:
772:
768:
764:
762:
757:
756:nonshattering
753:
742:
738:
734:
730:
721:
678:
676:
628:
620:
615:
611:
607:
581:
571:
563:
557:
552:
543:
539:
537:
533:
528:
527:
526:Ebers Papyrus
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
446:
445:
442:
438:
435:
431:
426:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:
392:
391:
387:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
319:
289:
275:
272:
267:
264:
259:
256:
251:
248:
243:
240:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
204:
201:
200:Binomial name
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Tracheophytes
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
84:
79:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5563:
5392:Powder-douce
5382:Panch phoron
5352:Lemon pepper
5288:Garam masala
5278:Fines herbes
5258:Curry powder
5238:Chaat masala
5117:
5105:
5096:Sarsaparilla
5056:Onion powder
5004:Mango-ginger
4870:
4863:
4797:Chili powder
4582:
4572:Lemon myrtle
4529:
4525:
4480:
4479:Vietnamese (
4429:
4393:
4298:
4292:
4271:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4227:
4216:. Retrieved
4214:. 2020-10-05
4212:The Guardian
4211:
4202:
4191:. Retrieved
4187:
4177:
4168:
4162:
4139:
4133:
4122:. Retrieved
4118:
4109:
4098:. Retrieved
4094:
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4063:
4054:
4045:
4033:. Retrieved
4029:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3910:. Retrieved
3906:
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3881:
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3850:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3783:
3771:. Retrieved
3744:. Retrieved
3740:the original
3702:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3539:. Retrieved
3511:
3503:
3492:. Retrieved
3483:
3470:
3456:
3438:
3427:. Retrieved
3423:the original
3413:
3402:. Retrieved
3398:
3389:
3377:. Retrieved
3372:
3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3346:
3336:
3325:. Retrieved
3321:
3315:
3294:. Retrieved
3290:
3280:
3265:
3254:. Retrieved
3247:the original
3233:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3177:
3171:
3152:
3146:
3135:. Retrieved
3131:the original
3120:
3097:
3066:
3059:
3040:
3034:
3014:
3007:
2974:
2968:
2959:
2955:
2942:
2927:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2856:
2849:
2830:
2826:
2815:. Retrieved
2811:
2801:
2790:
2783:
2756:
2752:
2733:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2708:Congress.gov
2707:
2650:
2646:
2591:the original
2562:the original
2511:. Springer.
2508:
2504:
2485:12 September
2483:. Retrieved
2419:
2413:
2409:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:
2346:
2337:
2316:
2313:Esling, John
2309:Setter, Jane
2305:Roach, Peter
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2274:
2241:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2149:
2098:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2008:
2000:sesame paste
1995:
1988:sesame candy
1961:
1954:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1876:
1874:
1855:
1848:
1847:(Cantonese:
1838:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1801:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1755:
1735:Culinary use
1720:
1716:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1647:
1635:
1631:
1619:
1610:, including
1605:
1588:markers and
1560:
1550:antinutrient
1543:
1532:
1489:
1447:
1442:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1135:
1081:
1037:
1001:
994:
980:
972:
965:
950:
929:
924:
897:Burkina Faso
773:
769:
765:
748:
739:
735:
731:
727:
679:
624:
608:
576:
555:
540:
524:
520:
510:
505:
501:
493:
485:
467:
462:
458:
452:
443:
436:
427:
422:
411:
403:
398:
376:
368:
362:
341:
337:
333:
327:
323:
287:
286:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
140:
127:
114:
101:
43:
6032:Pedaliaceae
5915:kew-2588550
5786:iNaturalist
5588:Wikispecies
5491:Bangladeshi
5422:Sharena sol
5417:Recado rojo
5402:Qâlat daqqa
5362:Mixed spice
5298:Garlic salt
5263:Doubanjiang
4999:Long pepper
4959:Horseradish
4777:Celery seed
4650:Sanshō leaf
4567:Lemon grass
4075:28 November
4055:www.fsai.ie
4035:28 November
3347:www.hpj.com
2653:: 141–151.
2248:Open sesame
2238:Open sesame
2046:cooking oil
1943:confection
1875:Sesame, or
1851:), and the
1691:, or other
1661:pinoresinol
1612:anaphylaxis
1546:phytic acid
1516:Daily Value
1201:Thiamine (B
752:indehiscent
724:Cultivation
517:New Kingdom
482:Mesopotamia
463:S. indicum,
377:S. indicum,
346:naturalized
277:(L.) Kuntze
167:Pedaliaceae
121:Angiosperms
5991:Categories
5958:WisFlora:
5910:Plant List
5529:Marination
5524:Herbal tea
5486:Australian
5482:By region
5457:Yuzu koshō
5447:Thuna paha
5387:Persillade
5140:Tonka bean
5076:Poppy seed
4984:Dried lime
4907:Fingerroot
4822:New Mexico
4730:Asafoetida
4562:Lemon balm
4520:Hoja santa
4500:Curry leaf
4218:2020-12-15
4193:2021-07-26
4124:2021-07-26
4100:2021-07-26
3541:2024-06-21
3494:2024-03-28
3429:2012-03-19
3404:2024-05-08
3327:2023-02-08
3296:2023-02-08
3256:2015-01-24
3137:2012-03-19
2817:2021-07-26
2383:2023-02-08
2285:14 January
2266:References
2042:Sesame oil
1972:East Asian
1939:) and the
1853:Vietnamese
1750:Sesame oil
1739:See also:
1717:Salmonella
1689:pesticides
1678:Salmonella
1528:tablespoon
1520:B vitamins
1510:(573
1508:kilojoules
1502:, and 18%
1379:Phosphorus
811:1,231,701
745:Processing
580:lanceolate
556:S. indicum
554:Flower of
478:sesame oil
6047:Oil seeds
5752:200021445
5739:200021445
5721:FloraBase
5539:Spice rub
5534:Seasoning
5501:Pakistani
5332:Idli podi
5303:Gochujang
5253:Crab boil
5170:Yuzu zest
5101:Sassafras
4989:Liquorice
4895:Fenugreek
4832:Cultivars
4148:cite book
3862:7 October
3799:7 October
3773:7 October
3746:7 October
3680:246034854
3314:"Sesame (
3225:1537-5110
3106:cite book
2993:cite book
2903:0013-0001
2789:"Sesame (
2669:1178-6965
2448:0083-7792
2150:Til-patti
2099:khao phan
2054:condiment
1996:goma-dofu
1951:Levantine
1937:bi tahini
1762:hamburger
1693:pathogens
1653:sesamolin
1627:cosmetics
1571:diastolic
1539:livestock
1392:Potassium
1366:Magnesium
1298:Vitamin E
1285:Vitamin C
1268:Folate (B
1252:Vitamin B
1235:Niacin (B
1191:Vitamin A
1097:Saturated
997:cash crop
955:, led by
930:6,741,479
476:exported
423:šamaššamu
410:σήσαμον:
395:Etymology
386:allergens
185:Species:
91:Kingdom:
5941:24300029
5936:Tropicos
5817:10805996
5804:675971-1
5645:BioLib:
5579:Q2763698
5573:Wikidata
5478:Culinary
5452:Vadouvan
5427:Shichimi
5325:Húng lìu
5145:Turmeric
5130:Tamarind
4979:Korarima
4912:Galangal
4880:Deulkkae
4839:Cinnamon
4817:Jalapeño
4807:Chipotle
4755:Cardamom
4708:Allspice
4675:Woodruff
4665:Tarragon
4630:Rosemary
4595:Marjoram
4557:Lavender
4552:Kkaennip
4490:Culantro
4474:Bolivian
4423:Bay leaf
4395:Angelica
4323:24408335
3990:21391595
3955:15877880
3842:20462634
3719:27074618
3672:35043479
3636:28387047
3591:18357620
3535:Archived
3531:30844154
3488:Archived
3478:(2024).
3445:"Sesame"
3379:15 March
3353:15 March
3272:"Sesame"
3127:"Sesame"
2934:"Sesame"
2919:24408335
2838:Archived
2687:28490893
2619:"Sesame"
2456:85002894
2426:: 1–42.
2345:(2008).
2315:(eds.).
2303:(2011).
2254:See also
2224:Bourekas
2219:Typical
2206:Behbahan
2191:Behbahan
2171:koulouri
2035:alegrías
2018:ajonjolí
1857:bánh rán
1849:jin deui
1830:gomashio
1803:Jian dui
1766:crackers
1567:systolic
1448:Quantity
1326:Quantity
1320:Minerals
1177:Quantity
1171:Vitamins
937:Source:
919:104,088
901:208,795
883:450,000
865:700,000
861:Tanzania
847:760,926
829:788,740
675:dehisces
536:Ethiopia
504:, Tamil
498:Akkadian
490:Sumerian
420:Akkadian
418:, e.g.,
382:allergic
342:gingelly
224:Synonyms
163:Family:
157:Lamiales
147:Asterids
134:Eudicots
18:Gingelly
5765:3172622
5669:Ecocrop
5462:Za'atar
5357:Mitmita
5308:Harissa
5223:Berbere
5213:Baharat
5180:Zereshk
5175:Zedoary
5155:Vanilla
5118:huājiāo
5091:Saffron
5081:Radhuni
5061:Paprika
5046:Njangsa
5041:Nigella
5019:Mustard
4917:greater
4827:Tabasco
4802:Cayenne
4782:Charoli
4750:Caraway
4745:Camphor
4713:Amchoor
4625:Perilla
4620:Parsley
4615:Oregano
4610:Mitsuba
4605:Mugwort
4530:giấp cá
4510:Epazote
4481:rau răm
4447:Chervil
4315:4254846
3912:5 March
3887:5 March
3616:Bibcode
3582:2266880
3291:Haaretz
3205:Bibcode
2911:4254846
2755:Sesamum
2714:5 March
2678:5414576
2428:Bibcode
2410:Sesamum
2221:Israeli
2097:Rolled
2060:Gallery
1956:za'atar
1904:Manipur
1900:jaggery
1893:wangila
1870:zhimahu
1862:tempura
1840:dim sum
1721:E. coli
1705:recalls
1657:sesamin
1650:lignans
1596:Allergy
1535:poultry
1504:protein
1498:), 50%
1360:14.6 mg
1340:Calcium
1305:0.25 mg
1262:0.79 mg
1246:4.52 mg
1229:0.25 mg
1212:0.79 mg
1137:Protein
961:Myanmar
941:of the
939:FAOSTAT
879:Nigeria
843:Myanmar
715:⁄
710:×
705:⁄
700:×
695:⁄
685:⁄
668:⁄
658:⁄
648:⁄
634:⁄
627:capsule
601:⁄
587:⁄
459:Sesamum
455:oilseed
441:Malinke
430:English
412:sēsamon
404:sesamum
369:Sesamum
365:oilseed
354:Myanmar
329:Sesamum
178:Sesamum
173:Genus:
153:Order:
95:Plantae
49:Sesame
6042:Spices
5997:Sesame
5951:604270
5948:uBio:
5892:504628
5879:129133
5863:NZOR:
5791:285850
5713:178171
5687:484896
5648:209228
5625:114820
5622:APDB:
5602:AoFP:
5496:Indian
5313:Hawaij
5268:Douchi
5243:Chaunk
5208:Advieh
5203:Adjika
5195:Blends
5165:Wasabi
5106:Sesame
5051:Nutmeg
5014:Mahleb
5009:Mastic
4944:Golpar
4934:Ginger
4929:Garlic
4922:lesser
4890:Fennel
4787:Chenpi
4767:Cassia
4698:Ajwain
4693:Aonori
4685:Spices
4660:Sorrel
4645:Savory
4590:Lovage
4537:Hyssop
4464:Cicely
4452:Chives
4442:Borage
4430:tejpat
4321:
4313:
4237:Kitchn
3988:
3953:
3840:
3717:
3678:
3670:
3634:
3589:
3579:
3529:
3519:
3223:
3159:
3074:
3047:
3022:
2981:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2864:
2833:1997-
2774:
2763:
2685:
2675:
2667:
2515:
2454:
2446:
2415:Webbia
2353:
2325:
2175:gevrek
2050:frying
2004:starch
1970:, and
1964:Indian
1946:halvah
1935:hummus
1929:tahini
1920:Tahini
1909:chikki
1889:Angola
1877:simsim
1758:bagels
1729:hummus
1725:tahini
1684:E.coli
1663:, and
1621:tahini
1425:7.8 mg
1405:Sodium
1399:468 mg
1386:629 mg
1373:351 mg
1347:975 mg
1053:Sugars
1023:Energy
953:tonnes
912:
894:
876:
858:
840:
822:
804:
761:Israel
546:Botany
532:Urartu
521:sesemt
434:Gullah
356:, and
334:simsim
288:Sesame
6002:Crops
5899:PFI:
5830:34431
5812:IRMNG
5778:33749
5726:50448
5708:EUNIS
5700:SEGIN
5661:4WYTB
5638:59258
5612:APA:
5471:Lists
5437:Tajin
5432:Tabil
5273:Duqqa
5233:Buknu
5150:Uzazi
5125:Sumac
5111:Shiso
5034:white
5029:brown
5024:black
4974:Kokum
4859:Cumin
4854:Cubeb
4844:Clove
4792:Chili
4760:black
4718:Anise
4670:Thyme
4655:Shiso
4542:Jimbu
4495:Cress
4437:Boldo
4416:Lemon
4401:Basil
4386:Herbs
4319:S2CID
4311:JSTOR
3676:S2CID
3448:(PDF)
3250:(PDF)
3243:(PDF)
2952:(PDF)
2915:S2CID
2907:JSTOR
2565:(PDF)
2558:(PDF)
2477:. UN
2452:S2CID
2422:(1).
2173:, or
2166:Simit
2029:adobo
1990:. In
1984:syrup
1980:honey
1825:sushi
1816:Dango
1781:benne
1701:tonne
1457:4.7 g
1454:Water
1412:11 mg
1279:97 μg
982:Japan
977:Trade
957:Sudan
925:World
915:Niger
825:India
807:Sudan
444:bĕne.
437:benne
408:Greek
401:Latin
358:India
350:Sudan
338:benne
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
102:Clade
5961:8657
5923:POWO
5902:8612
5856:4182
5851:NCBI
5825:ITIS
5799:IPNI
5773:GRIN
5760:GBIF
5695:EPPO
5674:1937
5633:APNI
5615:2830
5605:1454
5185:Zest
5086:Rose
4900:blue
4723:star
4640:Sage
4600:Mint
4515:Hemp
4505:Dill
4411:Thai
4406:Holy
4154:link
4077:2020
4037:2020
3986:PMID
3951:PMID
3914:2022
3889:2022
3882:FARE
3864:2020
3838:PMID
3801:2020
3775:2020
3748:2020
3715:PMID
3668:PMID
3632:PMID
3587:PMID
3527:PMID
3517:ISBN
3381:2021
3355:2021
3221:ISSN
3157:ISBN
3112:link
3072:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3020:ISBN
2999:link
2979:ISBN
2899:ISSN
2862:ISBN
2793:L.)"
2772:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2716:2022
2683:PMID
2665:ISSN
2513:ISBN
2487:2024
2444:ISSN
2351:ISBN
2323:ISBN
2287:2015
2023:mole
2012:and
2002:and
1881:Togo
1719:and
1580:and
1569:and
1537:and
1512:kcal
1418:Zinc
1353:Iron
1292:0 mg
1195:9 IU
1144:17.7
1121:21.8
1111:18.8
1090:49.7
1067:11.8
1046:23.4
663:and
502:eḷḷu
494:ellu
492:and
406:and
245:Tod.
237:Raf.
5969:WFO
5838:NBN
5747:FoC
5734:FNA
5682:EoL
5656:CoL
4635:Rue
4303:doi
4274:L."
3978:doi
3941:doi
3828:doi
3824:125
3794:CNN
3707:doi
3660:doi
3624:doi
3577:PMC
3569:doi
3484:FDA
3213:doi
2891:doi
2673:PMC
2655:doi
2436:doi
2026:or
1982:or
1962:In
1786:In
1723:in
1500:fat
1423:71%
1397:16%
1384:50%
1371:84%
1358:81%
1345:75%
1331:%DV
1277:24%
1260:46%
1244:28%
1227:19%
1210:66%
1182:%DV
1101:7.0
1083:Fat
1057:0.3
717:128
690:to
687:128
639:to
496:in
488:in
486:ilu
480:to
340:or
261:Sm.
5993::
5971::
5938::
5925::
5912::
5889::
5876::
5853::
5840::
5827::
5814::
5801::
5788::
5775::
5762::
5749::
5736::
5723::
5710::
5697::
5684::
5671::
5658::
5635::
5590::
5575::
4317:.
4309:.
4299:40
4297:.
4253:.
4235:.
4210:.
4186:.
4150:}}
4146:{{
4117:.
4093:.
4053:.
4028:.
4016:^
3998:^
3984:.
3974:59
3972:.
3949:.
3937:93
3935:.
3931:.
3905:.
3880:.
3836:.
3822:.
3818:.
3792:.
3756:^
3727:^
3713:.
3703:19
3701:.
3674:.
3666:.
3656:36
3654:.
3630:.
3622:.
3612:97
3610:.
3585:.
3575:.
3563:.
3559:.
3533:.
3525:.
3486:.
3482:.
3397:.
3371:.
3345:.
3320:.
3305:^
3289:.
3219:.
3211:.
3201:88
3199:.
3195:.
3108:}}
3104:{{
3086:^
2995:}}
2991:{{
2958:.
2954:.
2913:.
2905:.
2897:.
2887:40
2885:.
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2742:^
2732:.
2706:.
2695:^
2681:.
2671:.
2663:.
2651:10
2649:.
2645:.
2627:^
2599:^
2573:^
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2527:^
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2464:^
2450:.
2442:.
2434:.
2420:70
2418:.
2392:^
2376:.
2365:^
2311:;
2307:;
2169:,
2038:.
2006:.
1994:,
1966:,
1891:,
1843:,
1727:,
1687:,
1681:,
1667:.
1659:,
1655:,
1592:.
1561:A
1541:.
1410:0%
1303:2%
1290:0%
970:.
778:.
707:64
697:32
683:15
670:32
666:25
660:64
656:13
589:32
585:13
538:.
508:.
506:eḷ
375:.
352:,
336:,
322:;
269:L.
216:L.
143::
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117::
104::
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4079:.
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1203:1
713:5
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650:8
646:1
643:+
641:3
636:4
632:3
603:8
599:1
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300:s
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