138:
347:
277:
302:
36:
510:, although quite weak then, decisively refused. For their claim to all of Bohemia, the Czechs viewed indivisibility of Bohemia as a sacrosanct principle. The Czechs alleged that originally, all of Bohemia had been Czech-settled, and implied that this could justify a demand for restitution of these lands for the Czechs. German settlement and cultivation of the then mostly unsettled areas was portrayed as land grab.
577:
demanded incorporation of the German-speaking lands, alleging that without these lands
Czechia would not survive economically. The Czechs denied existence of a closed German language area and distorted demographic maps such that the area between Komotau and Teplitz appeared as Czech-settled. At the
490:
promoted by middle-class intellectuals. Political German nationalism in
Austria did not exist on its own, but in a context of many competing nationalism. On the other hand, German liberals believed that their predominance had a universal basis in the values of constitutionalism, parliamentary
526:
provided for a solution in that the historical regions were to remain, but that they should be further subdivided along ethnic boundaries. Such an idea of ethnic subdivision of
Bohemia was accepted by many German parties but was strongly opposed by the Czech.
634:
began an invasion of
Province of German Bohemia and during December it occupied the whole region, with Reichenberg falling on 16 December and the last major city, Leitmeritz, falling on 27 December 1918. Other secessionist provinces faced the same fate.
521:
were filled by increasing nationalist tensions and struggling between gradually strengthening
Bohemian-Czechs (c. 2/3 of all inhabitants of the Czech lands) and Bohemian-Germans, but also with several attempts for striking a compromise. For example, the
474:
to develop sparsely populated border regions of
Bohemia with skills acquired from the comparable landscapes of German states. For the subsequent seven centuries, the Czech lands were characterized by close relationship as well as contentment
491:
government and rule of law. As
Germans felt more marginalized in Bohemia, the Germans' views began shifting to alleged racial and cultural superiority. Czech nationalism eventually turned just as radical as German nationalism.
658:. German Bohemians had however hoped that the new state would be built as a Swiss-type decentralized state, which had been implied by Czech officials to appease the Western Allies on the woeful status of the large minorities.
646:, which declared that the areas belong to solely to Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak government then granted amnesty for all activities against the new state. The region that had been German Bohemia was reintegrated into the
582:
proposed border correrctions of
Bohemia such that Eger, Rumburg, Friedland, and Freiwaldau were to become part of Germany. Notably, the German-Bohemian lands were the most industrialized regions in whole Austria-Hungary.
348:
487:
534:, Germans in areas of Bohemia with an ethnic German majority declared that they did not want to break away from Austria as the Czechs intended. On 27 October 1918, the
1000:
980:
647:
975:
462:, German tribes had largely left the Bohemian areas and the region had become home of a Slavic population. Since the second half of the 13th century
562:
the
Province of German Bohemia was formed from the part of Bohemia that contained primarily ethnic Germans. The capital of the province was at
708:
486:
As the
Bohemian lands modernized, Czech nationalism grew, intellectually developed as a combination of noble provincial particularism and
495:
1010:
794:
Helmut Slapnica. "Die Stellungnahme des Deutschtums der Sudetenläner zum "Historischen Staatsrecht"". In Birke; Oberdorfer (eds.).
1005:
643:
579:
570:
232:
935:
550:
relinquished power and, on 12 November, ethnic German areas of the empire were declared to be part of new the Republic of
995:
697:
689:
930:
Douglas, R.M.: Orderly and Humane. The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War. Yale University Press 2012.
589:
Three other sister provinces were formed alongside German Bohemia, also made up of predominantly German-speaking parts:
502:
for unification of all German-speaking countries (i.e., in their conception, including Czech lands being then under the
957:
946:
924:
913:
877:
827:
78:
682:. Around 165,000 Czechs who lived in these areas quickly fled (or were forced to flee) in fear of reprisals by the
45:
586:
In 1919, the territory of the province was inhabited by 2.23 million ethnic Germans, and 116,275 ethnic Czechs.
638:
The status of the German areas in Bohemia, Moravia, and Austrian Silesia was finally settled by the 1919 peace
608:) – this province had radically different (smaller) boundaries than later conceptions of the term "Sudetenland"
428:). The land that comprised the province would later form an integral part of the territory later known as the "
17:
796:
Das böhmische Staatsrecht in den deutsch - tschechischen Auseinandersetzungen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
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704:
655:
593:
539:
295:
724:
684:
370:
124:
729:
467:
405:
341:
678:, a new administrative unit that contained northern parts of German-speaking areas of the former
137:
670:
Czechoslovakia was forced to give up the German-inhabited areas of its domain, at the behest of
744:
620:
507:
476:
49:
711:
from Czechoslovak territory: many were killed or died during their flight from both Czech and
56:
675:
523:
990:
739:
639:
611:
547:
60:
8:
446:
Territories constituting modern German Bohemia were historically an integral part of the
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451:
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920:
909:
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823:
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459:
447:
369:, established for a short period of time after the First World War, as part of the
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518:
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417:
333:
282:
106:
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366:
354:
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143:
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908:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: A terrible Revenge. Palgrave/Macmillan, New York, 1994.
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615:
463:
381:
712:
671:
409:
429:
421:
538:
declared independence from Bohemia and a day later the independence of
530:
With the imminent collapse of Habsburg Austria-Hungary at the end of
614:(southern Moravia and southeastern Bohemia) – planned adjoining to
535:
118:
952:
Meixner, Rudolf: Geschichte der Sudetendeutschen. Nürnberg, 1988.
822:(in German). Berlin: Wolf Jobst Siedler Verlag GmbH. p. 381.
458:
from 1102), although with different ethnic development. After the
425:
674:. The Nazis would incorporate the former German Bohemia into the
601:
563:
397:
393:
385:
377:
362:
153:
703:
After the war, all of this land was reincorporated into renewed
688:, a Nazi-sponsored militia. A half year later, however, Germany
506:
rule) into one state – the demands which representatives of the
543:
889:
494:
Relatively calm coexistence began ending with outbreak of the
707:. The vast majority of the German population (more than 94%)
941:
Franzel, Emil: Sudetendeutsche Geschichte. Mannheim, 1978.
852:
Die sudetendeutsche Frage auf der Pariser Friedenskonferenz
401:
919:
de Zayas, Alfred M.: Nemesis at Potsdam. London, 1977.
819:
Deutsche Geschichte in Osten Europas: Böhmen und Mähren
384:. Important population centers were Reichenberg (now
781:
Conservatives and Right Radicals in Interwar Europe
854:. Fides-Verlags-gesellschaft. pp. 75, 81, 87.
763:
483:-Czech majority and substantial German minority.
967:
849:
811:
809:
807:
805:
778:
690:invaded the remaining parts of the Czech lands
661:
623:(southwestern Bohemia) – planned adjoining to
1001:States and territories disestablished in 1918
981:States and territories disestablished in 1919
870:Verfassungsgeschichte der Republik Österreich
802:
783:. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 27–28.
766:Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen und Mähren
892:Versailles 1919: Ziele, Wirkung, Wahrnehmung
98:
793:
142:Province of German Bohemia as shown within
976:States and territories established in 1918
866:1918–1933. Fünfzehn Jahre Verfassungskampf
542:was proclaimed in the Bohemian capital of
376:It included parts of northern and western
136:
59:. Please do not remove this message until
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
858:
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
890:Gerd Krumeich, Silke Fehlemann (2001).
700:from the formerly independent country.
696:, "Remaining Czechia"), and carved out
554:, with the intent of unifying with the
14:
968:
380:, at that time primarily populated by
173:14,496 km (5,597 sq mi)
815:
340:
513:The remaining 70 years of existence
29:
24:
902:
25:
1022:
872:, Bd. 1), Springer, Vienna 1998,
466:settlers had been invited by the
1011:1918 disestablishments in Europe
498:, which also brought demands of
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275:
34:
560:principle of self-determination
546:. On 11 November 1918, Emperor
233:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
883:
843:
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772:
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1:
1006:1918 establishments in Europe
864:Klaus Berchtold (in German):
750:
768:. Holzner-Verlag. p. 5.
7:
764:Wilhelm Weizsäcker (1959).
735:Province of the Sudetenland
718:
662:Later development (1938–45)
594:Province of the Sudetenland
296:First Czechoslovak Republic
61:conditions to do so are met
10:
1027:
996:Republic of German-Austria
725:Republic of German-Austria
685:Sudetendeutsches Freikorps
439:
435:
371:Republic of German-Austria
330:Province of German Bohemia
125:Republic of German-Austria
94:Province of German Bohemia
850:Rüdiger Goldmann (1971).
816:Prinz, Friedrich (1993).
730:Origins of Czechoslovakia
412:), Gablonz an der Neiße (
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246:
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894:. Klartext. p. 186.
779:Marco Bresciani (2020).
630:In 29 November 1918 the
519:Austro-Hungarian Empire
745:Bohemian Forest Region
640:treaties of Versailles
621:Bohemian Forest Region
580:Paris Peace Conference
571:Paris Peace Conference
508:Czech National Revival
358:
342:[ˈdɔʏtʃbøːmən]
337:
99:
705:Czechoslovak Republic
676:Reichsgau Sudetenland
656:Czechoslovak Republic
644:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
540:Czechoslovak Republic
524:Kremsier Constitution
488:historical revivalism
338:Provinz Deutschböhmen
100:Provinz Deutschböhmen
740:German South Moravia
612:German South Moravia
548:Charles I of Austria
454:(itself part of the
392:), Teplitz-Schönau (
361:) was a province in
648:Province of Bohemia
558:. Appealing to the
500:German nationalists
221:• Established
48:of this article is
692:(in German called
452:Kingdom of Bohemia
414:Jablonec nad Nisou
936:978-0-30016-660-6
798:. Marburg / Lahn.
666:According to the
632:Czechoslovak army
456:Holy Roman Empire
326:
325:
312:
311:
308:
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238:10 September 1919
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16:(Redirected from
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698:new puppet state
668:Munich Agreement
606:Austrian Silesia
460:Migration Period
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442:Sudeten Germans
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416:), Leitmeritz (
406:Mariánské Lázně
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345:
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283:Austria-Hungary
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694:Rest-Tschechei
680:Bohemian Crown
663:
660:
628:
627:
618:
609:
598:Bohemia proper
596:(northeastern
552:German Austria
468:Bohemian kings
437:
434:
404:), Marienbad (
390:Ústí nad Labem
382:ethnic Germans
367:Czech Republic
324:
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321:Czech Republic
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925:0-8032-4910-1
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878:3-211-83188-6
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829:3-88680-200-0
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709:were expelled
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649:
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625:Upper Austria
622:
619:
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616:Lower Austria
613:
610:
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603:
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423:
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408:), Karlsbad (
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368:
364:
360:
359:Německé Čechy
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349:
343:
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335:
331:
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319:
317:Today part of
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845:
833:. Retrieved
818:
795:
789:
780:
774:
765:
759:
702:
693:
683:
672:Nazi Germany
665:
651:
637:
629:
604:and western
588:
585:
575:Edvard Beneš
568:
556:German Reich
529:
512:
493:
485:
445:
424:) and Saaz (
410:Karlovy Vary
375:
329:
327:
265:Succeeded by
264:
259:
191:• 1918
75:
66:
44:
991:Sudetenland
835:25 February
715:attackers.
600:, northern
564:Reichenberg
430:Sudetenland
388:), Aussig (
260:Preceded by
169:• 1918
154:Reichenberg
970:Categories
751:References
652:Země česká
479:) between
477:F. Palacký
440:See also:
418:Litoměřice
365:, now the
178:Population
69:March 2021
46:neutrality
880:, S. 103.
654:) of the
420:), Brüx (
400:), Eger (
195:2,350,000
131:1918–1919
57:talk page
27:1918-1919
719:See also
536:Egerland
515:Austrian
504:Habsburg
472:nobility
470:and the
396:), Dux (
119:Province
50:disputed
986:Bohemia
602:Moravia
569:At the
436:History
398:Duchcov
394:Teplice
386:Liberec
378:Bohemia
363:Bohemia
231:•
208:History
150:Capital
956:
945:
934:
923:
912:
876:
826:
713:Soviet
544:Prague
481:Slavic
464:German
334:German
211:
181:
163:
107:German
103:
448:Duchy
426:Žatec
355:Czech
954:ISBN
943:ISBN
932:ISBN
921:ISBN
910:ISBN
874:ISBN
837:2013
824:ISBN
642:and
517:and
450:and
422:Most
402:Cheb
328:The
160:Area
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432:".
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566:.
373:.
357::
353:;
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949:.
938:.
927:.
916:.
868:(
839:.
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