1958:
66:
862:
703:(d. after 3/625) is said to have gotten his inspiration for his poetry by a friend named Misḥal ("daʿawtu khalīlī Misḥalan") and further calls him his jinni-brother ("akhī ʾl-jinnī"). Similarly, the poet Thābit (d. 54/674) who later converted to Islam and became known as "the poet of the prophet", referred to his jinni-friend as his "sharp-sighted brother from the jinn" ("wa-akhī min al-jinn al-baṣīr"). The relationship between jinn and humans can also be romantic in nature. According to one famous Arabian story, the jinni Manzur fell in love with a human woman called Habbah. He is supposed to have taught her the arts of healing.
871:
1376:. The presentation of jinn usually combines Quranic with oral and cultural beliefs about jinn. Out of 89 films, 59 have direct references to jinn as the antagonist, 12 use other sorts of demons, while other types of horror, such as the impending apocalypse, hauntings, or ghosts, constitute only 14 films. The popularity of jinn as a choice of monster can best be explained by their affirmation in the Quran. They are still a popular trope today. A study from 2020 shows that jinn are still the favorite Horror element among teenagers. Jinn further feature in Iranian horror movies.
1337:
2209:. According to F. Meier early Islam integrated many pagan deities into its system by degrading them to spirits. 1. In Islam, the existence of spirits that are neither angels nor necessarily devils is acknowledged. 2. Thereby Islam is able to incorporate non-biblical non-Quranic ideas about mythic images, that means: a. degrading deities to spirits and therefore taking into the spiritual world. b. taking daemons, not mentioned in the sacred traditions of Islam, of uncertain origin. c. consideration of spirits to tolerate or advising to regulate them."
734:
1555:
1678:
1647:
1128:
265:
2329:"Auch die islamischen Rechtsgelehrten haben sich wiederholt mit der Frage beschäftigt, ob die Dschinn eine Religion haben. Shchibli hält fest, dass sie in diesem Zusammenhang kontrovers diskutiert hätten, ob es schariarehtlich zulässig sei, das muslimische Ritualgebet (salat) hinter einem Dschinni zu verrichten. Zwei von Schibli angeführte hanbalitische Gewährsleute bejahen diese Zulässigkeit ohne Zögern und begründen ihren Standpunkt damit, dass nicht nur die Menschen (ins), sondern auch die Dschinn
1828:
2316:"Islamic jurists have also repeatedly addressed the question of whether the jinn have a religion. Shchibli notes that in this context they had a controversial discussion about whether it was permissible under Sharia law to perform the Muslim ritual prayer (salat) behind a genie. Two Hanbali sources led by Shibli affirm this permissibility without hesitation and justify their point of view by saying that not only the humans (ins) but also the jinn are "mukallaf".
1445:
1511:
2383:
The treatment of the belief in daemons in the written sources primarily consulted in the context of these studies does not differ fundamentally from the views observed in popular Islam. Popular Islam and scriptural Islam do not design separate daemonologies. This situation is explained not least by the fact that the Quran and Sunna, the two most important sources in the area of Islam for the great tradition, clearly affirm the existence of jinn."
1533:
1423:
1724:
1467:
1489:
2227:
der Islam die Möglichkeit, nicht-biblische nicht koranische
Vorstellungen von mythischen Vorstellungen sich einzuverleiben, d.h.: a. Götter zu Geistern zu erniedrigen und so ins islamische Geisterreich aufzunehmen. b. in der heiligen Überlieferung des Islams nicht eigens genannte Dämonen beliebiger Herkunft zu übernehmen. c. eine Berücksichtigung der Geister zu dulden oder gar zu empfehlen und sie zu regeln."
566:
1981:, scholars discuss the relationship between Islamic notions of jinn and earlier Jewish and Christian ideas of supernatural beings or preternatural creatures, especially those of angels, spirits, and demons. It is widely agreed that the belief in jinn was a common element of the culture out of which the Quran came. One question has concerned the degree to Quranic jinn might be compared to
1278:. It is only when they are angered or disturbed, for example, if their children are trodden upon or hot water is thrown on them, that they take revenge on humans. For this reason, Muslims utter "destur" (permission), before doing something which might accidentally hurt jinn, such as sprinkling hot water on public grounds or into bushes, so present jinn are advised to leave the place.
1796:
625:(deity) were often used interchangeably. Julius Wellhausen likewise agrees that in pre-Islamic Arabia it was assumed there are at least some friendly and helpful beings among the jinn. He distinguishes between a god and a jinni, not on the basis of morality, but on the basis of worship; the jinn are worshipped in private while the gods are worshipped in public.
1863:. Ibn Nadim explains lawful and unlawful subjugating of jinn and demons as distinct: While the former controls the jinn by the power of God's divine names, the latter pleases demons and devils by prohibited offerings and sinful acts. Al-Jāḥiẓ is another author who tells about another man allegedly controlling jinn and demons: In the
481:. Wensick advocates a purely Arabic origin of the term, asserting that according to the common Semitic view psychic and bodily affections are caused by spirits. An object reacting upon such an affect would be an incarnation of said spirit. Since these spirits are covered from the sight of humans, they would have been called jinn.
679:
When they shift into a human form however, they are said to stay partly animal and are not fully human. Although the power of jinn usually exceed those of humans, it is conceivable a man could kill a jinni in single combat, but they are feared for attacking without being seen. Some sources even speak
2226:
in Mekka praktizierten. Gemäß F. Meier integrierte der junge Islam bei seiner raschen
Expansion viele heidnische Gottheiten in sein System, indem er sie zu Dämonen degradierte. 1. Im Islam wird die Existenz von Geistern, die weder Engel noch unbedingt Teufel sein müssen, anerkannt. 2. Damit besitzt
1384:
Though discouraged by some teachings of modern Islam, cultural beliefs about jinn remain popular among Muslim societies and their understanding of cosmology and anthropology. Affirmation on the existence of jinn as sapient creatures living along with humans is still widespread in the Middle
Eastern
820:
is about the revelation to jinn. The same Surah mentions righteous jinn on one hand, and malicious jinn on the other. The jinn can neither harm nor benefit humans, for they are occupied with looking after themselves and their own place in the cosmos. This is in notable contrast to demons and devils
247:
Individual jinn appear on charms and talismans. They are called upon for protection or magical aid, often under the leadership of a king. Many people who believe in jinn wear amulets to protect themselves against the assaults of the jinn, sent out by sorcerers and witches. A commonly held belief is
2382:
proves to be problematic and only serves as a makeshift here. This comparison implicitly suggests that the representations of daemonology in written sources differ from the findings documented in ethnographic, anthropological and sociologically oriented field studies. Such a view must be rejected.
2346:
of Yemen, love was one of the most frequent cited causes of relationships between humans and jinn. Love seems to be the most frequent occasion of contact between men and jinn. A jinni meets a woman and falls in love with her, or vice versa... This possession is manifest notably when the jinni has
1697:
device. Among these were the jinn, that belonged among
Solomon's army and as Solomon claimed to have control over the jinn, so did the Rūm Seljuk sultan that claimed to be the Sulaymān of his time. In fact, one of the most common representations of jinn are alongside or in association with King
1178:
The Quran does not consider foreign mythological beings to be devils, but entities erroneously ascribed divine power to. Therefore, jinn were considered a third class of invisible beings, often neutral or morally ambiguous, not consequently equated with devils. Islam allowed to integrate local
585:. Some scholars of the Middle East hold that they originated as malevolent spirits residing in deserts and unclean places, who often took the forms of animals; others hold that they were originally pagan nature deities who gradually became marginalized as other deities took greater importance.
1896:, who saw them as shadows on the wall. He professes that jinn only obey when the individual turns away from the temptations of creation and devoting oneself towards God. The al-Shāmil gives detailed instructions for preparations of various incantations. Unlike, for example in the writings of
2347:
sexual intercourse with the person he/she possesses. In that case, the individual behaves with gestures and words as if they were having sexual intercourse, although he/she is apparently alone in the room. Besides, this person seems to suddenly lose all interest for his/her environment."
1698:
Solomon. It was thought that King
Solomon had very close ties to the jinn, and even had control over many of them. The concept that a great and just ruler has the ability to command jinn was one that extended far past only King Solomon– it was also thought that emperors, such as
1600:
neuroscience study Jalal, Simons-Rudolph, Jalal, & Hinton (2013). The study found that as many as 48% of those who experience sleep paralysis in Egypt believe it to be an assault by the jinn. Almost all of these sleep paralysis sufferers (95%) would recite verses from the
631:
credits the pre-Islamic Arabs with believing that the society of jinn constitutes several tribes and groups, analogous to pre-Islamic
Arabian culture. Jinn could also protect, marry, kidnap, possess, and kill people. Despite being invisible, jinn are considered to have bodies
1851:. Since he locates such practises not as a branch of science or philosophy, but rather in a chapter about stories and fables, the author might not have believed in the efficiency on sorcery himself. He reports that the art of commanding jinn and demons is traced back to
1589:
The amount of
Muslims believing in jinn from Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher than the general European average (30%), although only 21% believe in sorcery and 13% would wear talisman for protection against jinn; 12% support offerings and appeal given to the jinn.
1702:, could control an army of jinn in a similar way. Given this association, Jinn were often seen with Solomon in a princely or kingly context, such as the small, animal-like jinn sitting beside King Solomon on his throne illustrated in an illuminated manuscript of
1689:, the entrance gate Bab al-Hayyat made reference to jinn in the stone relief carvings of serpents; likewise, the water gate at Ayyubid Harran housed two copper sculptures of jinn, serving as talismans to ward off both snakes and evil jinn in the form of snakes.
990:. He states that seeking refuge among the jinn increases fear and anxiety, however, not because of the jinn, but due to the psychological dependence of the individual towards external powers. By that, he refers to seeking refuge among the jinn as a form of
4266:
Guthrie E, Abraham S, Nawaz S. Process of determining the value of belief about jinn possession and whether or not they are a result of mental illness. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Feb 2;2016:bcr2015214005. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-214005. PMID 26838303; PMCID:
3683:
MacDonald, D.B., Massé, H., Boratav, P.N., Nizami, K.A. and
Voorhoeve, P., "Ḏj̲inn", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 15 November 2019
874:
The Singer
Ibrahim and the jinn. Ibrahim has been imprisoned by his master Muhammad al-Amin and visited by a jinn in guise of an old man. The jinn offers him food and drink and is so impressed by Ibrahim's voice that he convinces Muhammad to free
1813:. It was not unusual for those talismans to be inscribed with separated Arabic letters, because the separation of those letters was thought to positively affect the potency of the talisman overall. An object that was inscribed with the word of
1985:
in
Christian traditions, although issues with this view are that jinn are not identified as "angels" and that descriptions of angels do not involve their flying up the sky to eavesdrop on heavenly secrets (unlike jinn who do so in Surah 72).
952:, believe they are essential to the Islamic faith since they are mentioned in the Quran. It is generally accepted by the majority of Muslim scholars that jinn can possess individuals. This is considered to be part of the doctrines (
1112:
Although there are recorded cases of purported human-jinn relationships most Muslim jurists agree that such a relationship is not permissible. Even those scholars who allowed such relationships, still considered them undesirable
3510:
Heuer, B., Boykova, E. V., Kellner-Heinkele, B. (2020). Man and Nature in the Altaic World.: Proceedings of the 49th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Berlin, July 30 – August 4, 2006. Deutschland: De Gruyter. p.
2407:. By as-Samarqandi, Abu l-Lait. Studia Culturae Islamicae (in Arabic and English). Vol. 52. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. p. 243.
1692:
Alongside these depictions of the jinn found at the Aleppo Citadel, depictions of the jinn can be found in the Rūm Seljuk palace. There are a phenomenal range of creatures that can be found on the eight-pointed tiles of the
1630:. It has been noted that not all Muslims who believe in jinn, believe they can possess people. Furthermore, belief in possession is not limited to Muslims. Contrary to the assumption that higher education is proportional to
3440:
Köse S. Ci̇nlerle Evli̇li̇k Konusunda Hanefî Faki̇hi̇ Hâmi̇d El-İmâdî’ni̇n (1103-1171/1692-1758) Teka’ku’u’ş-Şenn Fî Ni̇kâhi̇’l-Ci̇nn Adli Ri̇salesi̇. Journal of Islamic Law Studies. 2010;(15):453-464. Accessed January 25,
1361:(1983), who uses magical elements known from pre-Islamic and Islamic Anatolian lore. Since the 1980s, this genre has become prominent in Turkish literature. The story by Tekin deals with folkloric and religious belief in a
1053:
1203:
into the roles of the jinn in Islamic haggadic tradition. Besides local deities, the existence of purely malevolent spirits is also acknowledged. Thus, jinn exist alongside other mythological entities, such as
865:
Kashan, Iran, late 12th–13th century mina’i-fritware bowl. The scene in this bowl can be understood as depicting the enthroned (Second) Sulaymān with messengers to either side, crowned human headed winged
3059:
Yosefi, Maxim. “The Origins of the Traditional Approach towards the Jinn of Poetic Inspiration in Tribal Arab Culture.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. 49, 2019, pp. 293–302. JSTOR,
832:
In the Quranic account, despite their similarities, there are important differences between the two species. Whereas humans are made from "clay" or "dirt", jinn were created from "smokeless fire" (Quran
6669:
4160:
Jalal, Baland; Simons-Rudolph, Joseph; Jalal, Bamo; Hinton, Devon E. (1 October 2013). "Explanations of sleep paralysis among Egyptian college students and the general population in Egypt and Denmark".
3330:
Fahd, T. and Rippin, A., “S̲h̲ayṭān”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 17 August 2023
4052:
Huart, Cl. and Massé, H., “Dīw”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 31 January 2024
1817:
was thought to have the power to ward off evil from the person who obtained the object, though many of these objects also had astrological signs, depictions of prophets, or religious narratives.
2222:"M. Dols macht darauf aufmerksam, dass der Ginn-Glaube kein strikt islamisches Konzept ist. Er beinhaltet vielmehr zahllose Elemente einer Götzenverehrung, wie sie Muhammads Gegner zur Zeit der
601:
observed that jinn were often thought to "inhabit or haunt desolate, dark and dingy places in the desert". For that reason, they were held responsible for various diseases and mental illnesses.
845:). Despite some superhuman powers, the jinn occupy no fundamentally different position in the Quran than humans. Like humans, the jinn have no knowledge of the future. Like humanity, jinn face
1860:
510:
from the French, where it had been used owing to its rough similarity in sound and sense and further applies to benevolent intermediary spirits, in contrast to the malevolent spirits called '
240:, or humans. They may even engage in sexual affairs with humans and produce offspring. If they are injured by someone, they usually seek revenge or possess the assailant's body, requiring
1007:. Because of their similarities to humans, they function neither as a model to follow (like angels) nor tempters of the lower self (like Satan) and mostly feature in poetic anecdotes.
688:
Despite that they were often feared or inspired awe, the jinn were also pictured to befriend humans or have romantic feelings for them. According to common Arabian belief, pre-Islamic
4349:
de Lafayette, Maximillien (2017). Early & contemporary spirit artists, psychic artists, and medium painters from 5000 BC to the present day economy. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-365-97802-9.
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Taheri, Alireza. "Comparative Study of «The Book of Felicity» Paintings and Book of «Al-Bulhan» of Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi." Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Honar-Ha-Ye-Tajassomi 22.1 (2017): 15-29.
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Abd-Allah, Umar F. (2002). "The Perceptible and the unseen: The Qur'anic conception of man's relationship to God and realities beyond human perception". In Palmer, Spencer J. (ed.).
1309:
is required to save the person from the assaulting jinni. To protect oneself from jinn, many Muslims wear amulets with the name of God graved on. Jinn are also said to be scared of
4555:
Mommersteeg, Geert. “‘He Has Smitten Her to the Heart with Love’ The Fabrication of an Islamic Love-Amulet in West Africa.” Anthropos, vol. 83, no. 4/6, 1988, pp. 501–510. JSTOR,
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by the jinni entering. The soothsayer was consulted to reveal hidden information or settle disputes, as it was believed, the jinn speaking through them revealed hidden knowledge.
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Gjinali, V., & Tunca, E. A. (2020). A General Look on the Impact of Turkish Horror Movies: An Exploratory Study on the Opinions of Youth on Horror Movies. SAGE Open, 10(4).
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Zarcone, Thierry. "Shamanism in Turkey: Bards, Masters of the Jinns, and Healers." Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World (2013): 169-202.
798:
refers to foreign, invisible, or unknown anthropomorphic beings, which are nonetheless subject to the same considerations as the former. They were both created to worship God (
2205:"M. Dols points out that jinn-belief is not a strictly Islamic concept. It rather includes countless elements of idol-worship, as Muhammad's enemies practised in Mecca during
1809:
The jinn had an indirect impact on Islamic art through the creation of talismans that were alleged to guard the bearer from the jinn and were enclosed in leather and included
841:), which is possibly the reason why they are credited with some extraordinary abilities, such as invisibility, transformation, and ascending into the air like devils (Quran
573:. Snakes are the animals most frequently associated with jinn. Black snakes are commonly believed to be evil jinn, whereas white snakes are held to be benign (Muslim) jinn.
1943:. Although many pages are damaged, it is possible to reconstruct their meanings from Ottoman copies. Each king is depicted with helpers and associated talismanic symbols.
1245:. Besides Islam, they could also practise Christianity and Judaism. Good jinn might teach people moral lessons and might be benevolent, or aid spiritual persons, such as
5382:
1389:. Mental illnesses are still often attributed to jinn possession. In modern Iran, (evil) jinn are often substituted by devils. Similarly, in many modern tales, the term
1272:
Most of the time, jinn are believed not to interfere with humans and live mostly in desolate or abandoned places. This is, for example, evident from the Turkish phrase
4257:
Lim A, Hoek HW, Blom JD. The attribution of psychotic symptoms to jinn in Islamic patients. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2015;52(1):18-32. doi:10.1177/1363461514543146
1067:
Because humans and jinn are capable of procreation, Muslim jurists dealt with the issue of permissibility of intercourse between these two types of creatures. Some
2047:, etc.), there is a tradition of ritual exorcism and negotiations that differs from that of traditional Jewish cure of spirit possession associated with ghosts (
432:; however, this derivation is also disputed. Supporters argue that both Roman genii as well as Arabian jinn are considered to be lesser deities inhabiting local
1611:) to get rid of these assaults by jinn. Sleep paralysis is generally associated with great fear in Egypt, especially if believed to be supernatural in origin.
252:
written on it. While some Muslim scholars in the past had ambivalent attitudes towards jinn, contemporary Muslim scholarship increasingly associate jinn with
3587:
Sidky, M. Homayun. "" Malang", Sufis, and Mystics: An Ethnographic and Historical Study of Shamanism in Afghanistan." Asian Folklore Studies (1990): 275-301.
786:) appear frequently as a pair, designating their equal status in regards of their creation and rejecting that jinn share divinity with the Creator. The term
605:
asserts that malicious jinn and good gods were distinct in pre-Islamic Arabia, but admits that such distinction is not absolute. In the regions north to the
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Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni, eds. The legacy of Genghis Khan: courtly art and culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.
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In addition to these representations of jinn in vicinity to kingship, there were also architectural references to jinn throughout the Islamic world. In the
3749:
Spirit Possession around the World: Possession, Communion, and Demon Expulsion across Cultures: Possession, Communion, and Demon Expulsion across Cultures
5405:
977:
3385:
Lange, Christian (2016). Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-50637-3. p- 140
320:), whose primary meaning is 'to hide' or 'to adapt'. Some authors interpret the word to mean, literally, 'beings that are concealed from the senses'.
4574:
The Qur'an Seminar Commentary / Le Qur'an Seminar: A Collaborative Study of 50 Qur'anic Passages / Commentaire collaboratif de 50 passages coraniques
1764:
as a sinister form astride a lion. In the same illustration, he holds a severed head and a sword, because the 'Red King of Tuesday' was aligned with
3405:
1935:, etc.). Some of these beings indicate that the work connects Hebrew, Christian, and Islamic magical traditions. The original work is attributed to
30:
This article is about the concept of jinn in Islamic and Middle Eastern lore. For demons in Islam; otherwise known as the "offspring of Iblis", see
4204:
Jalal, Baland; Hinton, Devon E. (1 September 2013). "Rates and Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis in the General Population of Denmark and Egypt".
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Friedl, E. (2020). Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 86
1614:
Similarly, European patients with a Muslim background often attribute mental illnesses to jinn. Most common attributations to jinn are symptoms of
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Irani, Ayesha A. The Muhammad Avat? ra: Salvation History, Translation, and the Making of Bengali Islam. Oxford University Press, 2020. p. 183-186
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700:
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Bullard, A. (2022). Spiritual and Mental Health Crisis in Globalizing Senegal: A History of Transcultural Psychiatry. USA: Taylor & Francis.
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1867:, ibn Hilāl is said to have the power to summon demons and jinn. He further claimed to have married a daughter of Satan and begotten a child.
1183:
from Iran, Africa, Turkey and India, into a monotheistic framework without demonizing them. An example of this can be seen in the writings of
2951:ʻAẓmah, ʻ. (2014). The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Cambridge University Press. p. 293
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1756:
Each celestial spirits is referred to as a "King of the Jinn", represented alongside his spiritual helpers and alongside the corresponding
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On the Exercise of Coastal Control through Observation and Long Distance Communication Systems in Seljuk Territory in the XIIIth Century
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Haring, Lee. "Africa and the Disciplines: The Contributions of Research in Africa to the Social Sciences and Humanities." (1995): 122-124.
829:). Jinn and humans are blamed for ascribing divine attributes to another creature (i.e. jinn); jinn to themselves and humans to the jinn.
3610:
1839:) are credited with the ability to ask jinn about things of the past, since their lives are believed to last longer than that of humans.
1681:
Takht-i Marmar, the marble throne supported by jinn and divs (demons), Gulistan Palace, Teheran, created for Fath Ali Shah (r. 1797–1833)
4945:
767:. The Quran assumes that the audience is familiar with the subject without elaborating on the jinn much further. According to the Quran
5368:
2405:
Islamic Concept of Belief in the 4th/10th Century. Abu l-Lait as-Samarqandi's commentary on Abu Hanifa (died 150/767) al-Fiqh al-absat
1661:
Visual representations of jinn appear in manuscripts and their existence is often implied in works of architecture by the presence of
1119:). Offspring of human-jinn relationships are nonetheless, usually considered to be gifted and talented people with special abilities.
2644:
4572:
Crone, Patricia (2016). "QS 32 Q 37:6–11: Crone". In Azaiez, Mehdi; Reynolds, Gabriel Said; Tesei, Tommaso; Zafer, Hamza M. (eds.).
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Uvais, N. A.. Jinn and Psychiatry: Beliefs among (Muslim) doctors. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry 33(1):47-49, Jan–Mar 2017.
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Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management. (2021). Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.
1931:. It contains artistic depictions of several supernatural beings (demons, jinn, the evil eye, fever (Huma, Arabic: حمى), devils,
506:
187:'s guidance. Jinn are neither innately evil nor innately good. Jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept, having been adapted from
1892:, it was well known that jinn obeyed al-Ṭabasī. He gives an example, that al-Ṭabasī demonstrated the jinn to the famous scholar
1835:
Jinn might be invoked, along with demons and devils, for means of sorcery, incantation, protection, or divination. Soothsayers (
244:. Jinn rarely meddle in human affairs, preferring to live with their own kind in tribes similar to those of pre-Islamic Arabia.
2982:
Aloiane, Z.A. (1996). "Anthropomorphic representation of evil in Islam and some other traditions – a cross-cultural approach".
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The case of the animals versus man before the king of the jinn: A tenth-century ecological fable of the pure brethren of Basra
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Bilu, Yoram. "The Moroccan Demon in Israel: The Case of 'Evil Spirit Disease.'" Ethos, vol. 8, no. 1, 1980, pp. 24–39. JSTOR,
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Morrow, John Andrew (27 November 2013) Islamic Images and Ideas: Essays on sacred symbolism, McFarland, ISBN 978-1-476-61288-1
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Koçer, Zeynep (13 March 2019) . "The monstrous-feminine and masculinityas abjection in Turkish horror cinema: An analysis of
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The Religion of the Crescent or Islam: Its Strength, Its Weakness, Its Origin, Its Influence, William St. Clair Tisdall, 1895
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was depicted as three-headed and as embracing the room around him, in order to capture someone and bring on a fever in them.
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Sengul, Ali. "Cinema, Horror and the Wrath of God: Turkish Islam's Claims in the Kurdish East." Nübihar Akademi 4.14: 11-28.
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during sleep paralysis to prevent future "jinn attacks". In addition, some (9%) would increase their daily Islamic prayer (
4099:
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Rothenberg, Celia E. Spirits of Palestine: Gender, society, and stories of the jinn. Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. p.245
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compiled in the 14th century by Abd al-Hasan al-Isfahani, there are illustrations of various supernatural beings (demons,
7984:
3548:
Gregg, G. S. (2005). The Middle East: A Cultural Psychology. Vereinigtes Königreich: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 127
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825:. The Quran does not condemn the jinn as a source of harm, but by mistaking them for beings deserving cultic veneration (
195:
places jinn and humans on the same plane in relation to God, both being subject to God's judgement and an afterlife. The
2099:
2088:
2002:, who in addition encounter a heavenly defense systems (as did Islamic jinn). Similar statements are also found in the
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2564:
1281:
Angered or straightforwardly evil mannered jinn, could hurt people by inflicting physical damage, causing illness, or
7381:
7080:
5252:
5222:
4581:
4065:
3780:
3566:
3343:
2129:
1870:
There is evidence that subjugation of spirits, jinn, and demons, was also cultivated by various Islamic authorities.
660:. Jinn are further known as shapeshifters, often assuming the form of an animal, favoring the form of a snake. Other
3645:
208:
6160:
5918:
6448:
4646:
YALÇINKAYA, Mustafa. "İLÂHİ DİNLERİN CİN KAVRAMI ALGISI: GENEL BİR YAKLAŞIM." PEARSON JOURNAL 5.7 (2020): 170-183.
1915:
Related to the occult traditions in Islamic culture is the belief in the "Seven kings of the Week", also known as
9061:
2135:
1060:
scholars who regard this as permissible without hesitation. Since Muhammad was sent to jinn and humans, both are
553:
is frequently used, it has been criticised for not capturing the corporeal nature of the jinn, and that the term
1957:
529:
Though not a precise fit, descriptive analogies that have been used for these beings in Western thought include
4592:
4449:
3820:
Mapping Geographies in Transition: Magical realism in the fiction of Salman Rushdie, Latife Tekin, and Ben Okri
1871:
578:
277:
188:
162:
105:
972:
scholars ibn Taimiyya and ibn Qayyim agree on this matter. From among the Sunni schools of theology, only the
65:
9071:
7843:
7387:
5291:
Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A multidisciplinary approach to Moroccan magical beliefs and practices
4546:
Felek, Özgen. "Fears, Hopes, and Dreams: The Talismanic Shirts of Murād III." Arabica 64.3-4 (2017): 647-672.
1619:
861:
794:, which means "to be familiar with", and refers to recognisable familiar human beings. In contrast, the term
7695:
6575:
1102:"Among you are those who are expatriated (mugharrabûn);" and this, he explained, meant "crossed with jinn."
9091:
9041:
6198:
3454:
Olomi, Ali A. (2021). "Jinn in the Quran". In Archer, George; Dakake, Maria M.; Madigan, Daniel A. (eds.).
3088:
Ruiz, Manuel. "The conception of authority in pre-Islamic Arabia: its legitimacy and origin." (1971). p. 20
1225:
The moral attitude of the jinn is usually associated with their religion. Good jinn are usually considered
4671:"Historicizing Ontologies: Qur'ānic Preternatural Creatures between Ancient Topoi and Emerging Traditions"
1285:. A human can be controlled by jinn under certain circumstances. The individual needs to be in a state of
9086:
8550:
6801:
6792:
5486:
1362:
150:
802:). Because they are supposed to worship God from free will, they are both able for good and evil deeds (
9051:
9026:
7017:
4819:]. Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser (in French). Denmark: Det. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.
3367:
Harvey, Ramon. Transcendent God, Rational World: A Maturidi Theology. Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
7035:
5212:
1924:
1269:
mentions the belief that spiritually gifted people can act as intermediaries between humans and jinn.
9081:
9031:
6972:
5800:
4720:
Khan, Khatib Ahmad; Aigerim, Danabekova; Yansheng, Wu; Ghayyas, Saba; Adil, Adnan (1 February 2024).
4145:
Větrovec, Lukáš. "Curse, Possession and Other Worlds: Magic and Witchcraft among the Bosniaks." p. 74
2245:
1331:
693:
582:
444:
8999:
Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
8573:
6822:
706:
The mutual relationship between jinn and humans is different than that of a jinni and a soothsayer (
9056:
9046:
8870:
7972:
7660:
7560:
1936:
3932:
Khosroshahi, Zahra. "Vampires, Jinn and the Magical in Iranian Horror Films." Frames 16 (2019): 2.
1952:
6659:
6402:
6062:
3984:
1597:
280:
tutelary deities, who became the jinn in Islam. Relief from the north wall of the Palace of king
7735:
7518:
6597:
6036:
1596:
is understood as a "jinn attack" by many sleep paralysis sufferers in Egypt, as discovered by a
455:' or 'guardian' are attributed to similar functions and are another possible origin of the term
9076:
8566:
7816:
7071:
7012:
6902:
6382:
5773:
1750:
1704:
1560:
779:
to both human and jinn communities, and prophets and messengers were sent to both communities.
570:
417:
214:
142:
77:
50:
46:
38:
2244:) term for singular, jānn also referred to jinn world – another plural, snakes / serpents and
1904:
has no direct link to Hellenistic or Hermetic magic or philosophy. Magic was also used in the
9066:
8071:
7940:
7837:
6632:
6499:
6288:
6192:
6047:
5960:
5672:
5437:
4936:
2914:
2640:
1999:
1978:
42:
17:
870:
8093:
7688:
7572:
7554:
6703:
6529:
3008:
Nasr, S. H. (2013). Islamic Life and Thought. Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.
1991:
1897:
1369:
474:
6622:
2676:
Magic and Divination in Early Islam. (2021). Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.
2039:
are said to resemble jinn. Like jinn, among a class of beings of Jewish mythology/belief (
1727:
The red king of the djinn, Al-Ahmar. One of the Seven jinn-kings in the late 14th-century
356:
340:
326:
199:
condemns the pre-Islamic Arabian practice of worshipping or seeking protection from them.
8:
8122:
8066:
7861:
7529:
7171:
6394:
6089:
5759:
5541:
5518:
4932:
3942:
Partovi, Pedram (3 December 2009). "Girls' dormitory: Women's Islam and Iranian horror".
3871:. Emerald Studies in Popular Culture and Gender. Bingley, UK: Emerald. pp. 151–165.
2156:
2007:
1889:
1709:
1699:
1401:
1131:
Examples of the Jinn of the Air depicted on Seljuk 13th century tilework from Kubad Abad.
637:
602:
7027:
6953:
1847:
1336:
202:
Although usually invisible, jinn are supposed to be composed of thin and subtle bodies (
8479:
8448:
7921:
7567:
7319:
7141:
6463:
5591:
5247:. Queer Politics and Cultures. Translated by Barr, Nicolaas P. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
5185:
5162:
5127:
5101:
5068:
5026:
4979:
4956:
4918:
4865:
4842:
4788:
4237:
4186:
3890:
3723:
3712:"Spirits of the border: Some remarks on the connotation of jinn in north-western Yemen"
2991:
2535:
2015:
1923:(lower spirits; demons). These beings are, for example, invoked for the preparation of
594:
412:
95:
4826:
Creation and Contemplation The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background
1859:. The first who would have practised a lawful method of incantation is supposed to be
849:
limitations regarding "the hidden/occult", have to rely on God's messengers, and face
8935:
8127:
8112:
8048:
7507:
7233:
6818:
6717:
6495:
6475:
6468:
5534:
5318:
5248:
5218:
5045:
4886:
4741:
4690:
4629:
4588:
4577:
4489:
4468:
4444:
4229:
4221:
4178:
4126:
4061:
4057:
4024:
3998:
3988:
3959:
3955:
3894:
3880:
3838:
3776:
3752:
3693:
3689:
3667:
3562:
3526:
3485:
3414:
3339:
3335:
3315:
3294:
3203:
2920:
2878:
2850:
2747:
2726:
2593:
2543:
2488:
2434:
2408:
1864:
1757:
1686:
1658:, when they do appear, it is usually related to a specific event or individual jinn.
1306:
1298:
1297:, "(mental) weakness"). Feelings of insecurity, mental instability, unhappy love and
1282:
1136:
776:
772:
728:
711:
673:
598:
296:
4241:
4190:
2776:
2256:
This is, for example, evident from A'sha's saying in mention of Sulayman ibn Dawud;
1772:. Alongside that, there were illustrations of the 'Gold King' and the 'White King'.
1669:
is illustrated very often with jinn as the commander of an army that included them.
1368:
Contrary to the neutral to positive depiction of jinn in Tekin's novels, since 2004
1163:, since the Quran affirms their existence. Although depictions are categorized into
473:, a wicked (female) spirit. Jaini were among various creatures in the possibly even
8907:
8507:
8500:
8420:
8179:
8107:
8054:
7962:
7782:
7369:
7108:
7051:
6909:
6837:
6698:
6243:
6093:
6068:
6026:
5700:
5559:
5308:. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press – via Utah State U. digital commons.
5303:
4885:. Contemporary Issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
4733:
4682:
4315:
4277:
4213:
4170:
4053:
3951:
3917:
3872:
3685:
3331:
3200:
Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006) An Encyclopedia - Volume I
2070:
2025:, where spirits created by God, associated with fire, having an identified leader (
2022:
1852:
1765:
1677:
1662:
1623:
1152:
1144:
893:
733:
680:
of killed jinn leaving behind a carcass similar to either a serpent or a scorpion.
463:
437:
373:
170:
3833:Şakrak, Bilgehan Ece (4 January 2019). "Religious evils in Turkish horror films".
3822:. Department of English (Ph.D. thesis). Buffalo, NY: State University of New York.
3407:
Hidden intercourse : eros and sexuality in the history of Western esotericism
3034:. Religious Studies Center. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. pp. 209–264.
1397:(demon), causing a shift in meaning. Nonetheless, belief in jinn remains popular.
1052:), Muslim jurists debated if one is allowed to perform the prayer behind a jinni.
8697:
8458:
8414:
7544:
7228:
6930:
6842:
6323:
6146:
5994:
5677:
5641:
5360:
4880:
3770:
3376:
Yazaki, Saeko. "Classes of Beings in Sufism." Sufi Cosmology. Brill, 2022. 68-88.
2686:
2237:
1928:
1737:
1728:
1694:
1593:
1205:
1196:
1160:
1127:
1074:
1000:
921:
902:
822:
689:
478:
309:
273:
203:
173:. Like humans, they are accountable for their deeds and can be either believers (
166:
131:
6443:
5300:"From Jinn to Genies: Intertextuality, media, and the making of global folklore"
3310:
translator: Gibril Fouad Haddad, author: ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar al-Baydawi, 2016,
3179:
Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.
8560:
8528:
8488:
8355:
8346:
8117:
8102:
8041:
7758:
7678:
7619:
7288:
7136:
6914:
6653:
6626:
6602:
6437:
6421:
6274:
6233:
6205:
6172:
6099:
6016:
6004:
5982:
5966:
5807:
5141:
5115:
4767:
4737:
4085:
2063:
1987:
1905:
1635:
1631:
1342:
1004:
917:
452:
264:
7932:
5315:
Jinnealogy: Time, Islam, and ecological thought in the medieval ruins of Delhi
4217:
2029:), may either aid or harm humans, and suffer a similar fate as the jinn. The
1646:
1175:(official Islam) for research purposes, both depictions are largely the same.
577:
The exact origins of belief in jinn are not entirely clear. Belief in jinn in
9016:
9010:
8555:
8267:
8190:
8167:
7612:
7022:
6978:
6919:
6885:
6809:
6708:
6642:
6284:
6253:
5988:
5936:
5352:
5299:
5208:
4745:
4721:
4694:
4633:
4281:
4225:
4174:
4002:
3963:
3921:
2540:
American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An encyclopedia of American folklore
2124:
1827:
1665:
devices like serpents, which were intended to ward off evil spirits. Lastly,
1650:
Ornamentation of intertwined serpents above the door of the Citadel of Aleppo
1615:
1354:
1262:
992:
485:
285:
225:
7340:
6946:
6114:
4670:
4576:(in French and English) (bilingual ed.). De Gruyter. pp. 307–310.
3865:
Alper Mestçi". In Holland, Samantha; Shail, Robert; Gerrard, Steven (eds.).
3772:
The Jinn and Human Sickness: Remedies in the Light of the Qurʼaan and Sunnah
2412:
8651:
8408:
7994:
7927:
7593:
7550:
7242:
7223:
7218:
7007:
6963:
6458:
6043:
5956:
5710:
5625:
5608:
5500:
5427:
4233:
4182:
4123:
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3796:
3615:
Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies
2568:
2146:
2036:
1982:
1940:
1843:
1723:
1666:
1574:
1358:
1254:
949:
941:
936:, as belief in angels is. Nonetheless, many Muslim scholars, including the
764:
752:
515:
300:
269:
249:
184:
158:
119:
7146:
6664:
6010:
5284:. Library of Classical Arabic Literature. Vol. 3. Boston, MA: Twayne.
4686:
3978:
3876:
3264:
DÜZGÜN, Şaban Ali. "DİNSEL ve MİTOLOJİK YÖNLERİYLE CİN ve ŞEYTAN ALGIMIZ."
1091:"The Hour will come when the children of jinn will become many among you."
8841:
8634:
8389:
8331:
8320:
7954:
7914:
7855:
7721:
7710:
7706:
7248:
7161:
7156:
5744:
4763:
4722:"A Comparison of Superstitious Beliefs and Rituals in Buddhism and Islam"
3523:
The Islamic Traditions of Cirebon: Ibadat and Adat among Javanese Muslims
1655:
1386:
1373:
1184:
1003:
and their existence is never doubted, they do not play any major role in
983:
850:
241:
81:
6537:
6339:
5766:
3727:
3119:
3061:
2995:
2961:
2258:
and He subjected from the jinn among the angels (min jinni al-mala'iki)"
838:
834:
807:
803:
799:
768:
8370:
8250:
8154:
8145:
7729:
7376:
7329:
7213:
6894:
6647:
5720:
4774:(2nd rev. ed.). Helsinki, FI: Folklore Fellows Communications 184.
4556:
4320:
4303:
3711:
2592:(4 ed.). Urbana, Illinois: Spoken Language Services. p. 164.
2343:
2140:
2077:, jinn have free will and can choose paths of good or bad moral lives.
1893:
1769:
1450:
1168:
987:
973:
965:
842:
826:
811:
421:
109:
8666:
6426:
6387:
5727:
5550:
5242:
2631:
Abu-Hamdiyyah, Muhammad. The Qur'an: an introduction. Routledge, 2020.
2374:"The distinction made between popular and scriptural Islam or between
2264:
as various spirits defined by their behaviour; a malicious and wicked
8929:
8919:
8607:
8059:
7870:
7796:
7642:
7430:
7299:
7000:
6984:
6329:
5976:
5664:
5613:
5477:
4656:
2583:
1995:
1909:
1842:
Common beliefs regarding sorcery and commanding jinn are attested in
1516:
1082:
1057:
846:
738:
565:
549:) is also used for jinn by Middle Eastern sources. Although the term
541:, depending on source. In turn, the Arabic translation for the Greek
433:
281:
84:
8624:
4617:
3032:
Mormons and Muslims: Spiritual foundations and modern manifestations
2846:
Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and genies from Arabia to Zanzibar
1274:
276:
motif, depicting a demi-divine entity, probably a forerunner of the
8831:
8671:
8656:
7945:
7627:
7467:
7456:
7449:
7238:
7086:
7065:
6693:
6587:
6512:
6187:
5852:
5814:
5620:
4618:"Familiar spirits in the Qurʾān: retracing the origins of the jinn"
4155:
4153:
4151:
2074:
1966:
1627:
1538:
1266:
665:
661:
657:
628:
519:
429:
425:
253:
248:
that jinn cannot hurt someone who wears something with the name of
233:
73:
4858:
Folk Traditions of the Arab World: A guide to motif classification
4567:
4565:
2161:
8897:
8692:
8196:
8009:
7966:
7895:
7890:
7827:
7762:
7748:
7650:
7305:
7294:
7093:
7056:
6786:
6730:
6636:
6247:
6219:
6072:
6030:
5946:
5883:
5834:
5755:
4535:
Commanding Demons and Jinn: The Sorcerer in Early Islamic Thought
2272:
lifting a heavy weight and listening at the doors of Heaven is a
2059:
2026:
1856:
1428:
1258:
1246:
1192:
969:
957:
937:
925:
817:
746:
742:
641:
614:
610:
467:
321:
174:
31:
4148:
3234:
Teuma, Edmund. "The Solomon legend in Muslim tradition." (1987).
2109:
1810:
8940:
8815:
8687:
8602:
8521:
8463:
8279:
8273:
7979:
7805:
7790:
7587:
7539:
7476:
7444:
7357:
7267:
7202:
7098:
6846:
6827:
6722:
6688:
6333:
6302:
6279:
6150:
6058:
5950:
5822:
5658:
5601:
5581:
5523:
5510:
5495:
5275:. New York, NY & Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 420–421.
4562:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2119:
2114:
2094:
2048:
2031:
2003:
1969:) in bird-like form, with typical rooster feet, as depicted in
1932:
1876:
1746:
1472:
1290:
1115:
1069:
1033:
1016:
986:
focuses on the dynamics between jinn and humans based on Quran
945:
669:
645:
342:
237:
7687:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and
5015:
Nöldeke, T. (1913). "Arabs (Ancient)". In Hastings, J. (ed.).
4597:
4159:
3559:
Spirits of Palestine: Gender, Society, and Stories of the Jinn
1760:. For instance, the 'Red King of Tuesday' was depicted in the
1654:
Although there are very few visual representations of jinn in
901:(accountable for their deeds), created out of "fire and air" (
8861:
8516:
8493:
8471:
8261:
8255:
8225:
7907:
7809:
7632:
7605:
7581:
7491:
7362:
7274:
7046:
6995:
6958:
6864:
6582:
6565:
6294:
6237:
6209:
6132:
6118:
6103:
6079:
6053:
6020:
5998:
5970:
5894:
5864:
5857:
5848:
5839:
5688:
5646:
5441:
5392:
3664:
A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture
2151:
2104:
1801:
1618:
and psychotic symptoms, but can also include mood disorders,
1607:
1602:
1347:
1200:
1188:
1180:
1045:
880:
810:). They are, like humans, rational beings formed of nations (
760:
653:
606:
542:
511:
408:
229:
196:
192:
179:
3076:
The Evolution of the Concept of Jinn from Pre-Islam to Islam
2809:
The Evolution of the Concept of Jinn from Pre-Islam to Islam
2618:
2054:
Jinn have also been compared to preternatural beings called
1805:), supposed to ward off jinn, evil eye, sorcery, and demons.
8661:
8585:
8216:
7999:
7672:
7461:
7351:
7335:
6880:
6592:
6298:
6257:
6128:
6083:
5940:
5693:
4308:
PHASELIS Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies
4021:
Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice
3544:
3542:
1494:
1314:
1310:
1214:
1031:). Thus, the jinn are considered, along with humans, to be
1024:
5334:
Die Djinn des Islam und der altorientalische Geisterglaube
5176:
Yazdī, Abū Bakr Moṭahhar Jamālī (1967). Afshār, Ī. (ed.).
4719:
3312:
The Lights Of Revelation And The Secrets Of Interpretation
2697:(3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2014.
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
1415:% of Muslims who affirm a belief in the existence of jinn
8851:
8245:
8027:
5431:
5211:(1980). "Appendix III: On the term and concept of jinn".
4972:
Islam in Practice: Religious beliefs in a Persian village
4909:
Kolaynī, Abū Jaʿfar Moḥammad (1988). Ghaffārī, A. (ed.).
4900:
Esterābādī, Solṭān-Moḥammad ibn Tāj al-Dīn Ḥasan (n.d.).
4701:
4640:
2021:
Counterparts to Quranic jinn have been identified in the
1634:, belief in jinn-possession may remain intact even after
996:, due to the reliance on a created thing instead of God.
672:. Both scorpions and serpents have been venerated in the
649:
4357:
4355:
3539:
3038:
2896:
2894:
1795:
504:. It first appeared in 18th-century translations of the
403:
remains uncertain. Some scholars relate the Arabic term
5338:
The Djinn of Islam and Ancient Eastern Spiritual Belief
3175:
3173:
2659:
2501:
2487:] (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
2424:
2422:
1233:, whereas unbelieving jinn were tempted by the devils (
7522:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills')
4424:
4412:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3011:
2933:
1939:, who founded a system of astrological magic based on
4352:
3462:
3216:
2891:
2606:
2396:
1037:. Believers among the jinn are called "Muslim jinn" (
593:
Jinn were already worshipped by many Arabs during in
8220:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
5271:
El-Zein, Amira (2006). "Jinn". In Meri, J.F. (ed.).
5148:. Helsinki, FI: Folklore Fellows Communications 180.
4197:
4071:
3635:
Türk Söylence Sözlüğü, Deniz Karakurt, Türkiye, 2011
3604:
3602:
3091:
2513:
2419:
1998:
and eavesdrop on heavenly secrets; as did demons of
1325:
745:(The Jinn), as well as the heading and introductory
219:
5305:
Folklore/Cinema: Popular film as vernacular culture
5153:Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Maḥmūd (1966). Sotūda, M. (ed.).
4882:
Islam, Arabs, and the intelligent world of the Jinn
4779:Balkhī, Abu’l-Moayyad (1993). Smynova, L.P. (ed.).
3769:ibn Ibraaheem Ameen, Abuʼl-Mundhir Khaleel (2015).
3768:
3150:
2403:Hans Daiber. "Introduction, text, and commentary".
396:). which the English word "genie" is derived from.
5390:
4060:First published online: 2012 First print edition:
3692:First published online: 2012 First print edition:
3646:"İn cin ne demek? İn cin TDK sözlük anlamı nedir?"
3338:First published online: 2012 First print edition:
3289:Noegel, Scott B. & Wheeler, Brannon M. (2010)
1884:) and pious ascetic, wrote an extensive treatise (
1346:, believed to be a gathering place of the jinn in
37:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
5302:. In Sherman, Sharon R.; Koven, Mikel J. (eds.).
5234:The Hamadsha: A study in Moroccan ethnopsychiatry
5122:. Vol. 1–6 (rev. ed.). Bloomington, IL.
5092:Ṭabarī, Moḥammad Ayyūb (1971). Matīnī, J. (ed.).
4465:Women and Demons: Cultic Healing in Islamic Egypt
4387:
3599:
3272:
3270:
759:Jinn are mentioned approximately 29 times in the
710:). The soothsayer is presented as someone who is
9008:
7830:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')
6418:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
5001:] (in German). Beirut, LB: Massé, Croyances.
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
3403:
3354:
3352:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
2984:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
2838:
2562:
2100:Human–animal hybrid § Theriocephaly studies
999:Although jinn frequently appear in hagiographic
581:is testified not only by the Quran, but also by
5273:Medieval Islamic Civilization – an Encyclopedia
5236:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
5140:
5021:. Vol. I. Edinburgh, UK. pp. 659–673.
5008:Padīdahā-ye wahmī-e dīrsāl dar janūb-e Khorāsān
4339:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 71.
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
3404:Hanegraaff, Wouter J.; Kripal, Jeffrey (2008).
2977:
2975:
2868:
2866:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2530:
2528:
2474:
2472:
2470:
1888:) on subjugating demons and jinn. According to
1672:
928:, and the (spiritual) interior of human beings.
5085:Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4445:"Amulets and Talismans from the Islamic World"
3856:
3854:
3835:This Thing of Darkness: Shedding light on evil
3267:
2849:. New York, NY & London, UK: I.B. Tauris.
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
1775:Aside from the seven 'Kings of the Jinn', the
522:between humans and divinities are also called
27:Invisible beings in Arabic and Islamic culture
5376:
4762:
4364:
4337:Wonder, Image, & Cosmos in Medieval Islam
3349:
3260:
3258:
3182:
2744:The Mythology of Kingship in Neo-Assyrian Art
1320:
462:Another suggestion holds that the word is of
436:, trees or springs, and persons or families.
5490:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
5217:. Gibraltar, Spain: Dar al-Andalus Limited.
4804:The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology
4286:
4114:
3980:African Religions: A Very Short Introduction
3935:
3304:
3055:
3053:
2972:
2863:
2815:
2525:
1790:
916:any object that cannot be detected by human
494:
416:– a guardian spirit of people and places in
391:
381:
372:is properly treated as a plural (however in
363:
349:
333:
259:
64:
5317:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
5155:Ajāyeb al-makhlūqāt va gharā'eb al-mawjūdāt
4810:
4508:
4203:
3901:
3851:
3291:The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism
2447:
1831:Zawba'a or Zoba'ah, the jinn-king of Friday
1301:(being "tired from the soul") are forms of
644:, along with humans, burdened beasts (like
514:' and 'heavenly angels', in literature. In
424:during the reign of the Roman empire under
7848:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
7162:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
6964:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
6342:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
5383:
5369:
5231:
5190:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5167:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5132:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5106:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5073:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5031:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4984:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4961:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4923:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4899:
4870:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4847:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4823:
4793:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4603:
4093:
4079:
4014:
4012:
3817:
3762:
3617:. London, UK: W.H. Allen. pp. 134–136
3255:
3067:
1971:Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae
1087:, pushed the necessity for an explanation:
664:animals regarded as forms of jinn include
5709:
5005:
4334:
4319:
4077:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3276:Teuma, E. (1984). More on Qur'anic jinn.
3073:
3050:
3029:
2906:
2806:
2645:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
2428:
1990:notes that, like jinn, the demons of the
1908:as evident from the Talismanic shirts of
1715:
932:Belief in jinn is not included among the
891:a specific invisible being, offspring of
683:
5297:
5261:
5114:
4992:
4969:
4855:
4801:
4615:
4442:
3709:
3520:
3202:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
1956:
1946:
1826:
1794:
1722:
1676:
1645:
1400:According to a survey undertaken by the
1357:, introduced into Turkish literature by
1335:
1126:
869:
860:
732:
564:
338:, 'possessed' or, generally, 'insane'),
263:
5331:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5039:
5014:
4908:
4878:
4430:
4418:
4391:
4253:
4251:
4120:
4018:
4009:
3976:
3941:
3468:
3222:
3044:
3017:
2981:
2939:
2912:
2900:
2872:
2842:
2612:
2534:
2519:
2507:
2478:
2402:
1379:
1305:. In that case, it is believed that an
782:Throughout the Quran, humans and jinn (
466:origin and appeared in the form of the
232:form, but can also choose to appear as
72:Jinn gather to do battle with the hero
14:
9009:
6672:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)
6558:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
6362:
5312:
5091:
5061:Tafsīr-e rawḥ al-jenān va rūḥ al-janān
5044:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
4995:Typologie des persischen Volksmärchens
4951:from the original on 16 February 2008.
4778:
4668:
4301:
4121:Rassool, G. Hussein (16 August 2018).
3868:Gender and Contemporary Horror in Film
3832:
3608:
3388:
3145:Tafsīr-e rawḥ al-jenān va rūḥ al-janān
2643:. The Original Sources of the Qur'an,
2342:In a study of exorcism culture in the
1044:Since both creations must perform the
588:
8440:
8028:Events, incidents, occasions or times
8026:
7415:
6751:
6407:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
6361:
6135:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
5916:
5416:
5403:
5364:
5175:
5082:
4707:
4571:
3860:
3795:
3561:Rowman & Littlefield, 5 Nov 2004
3456:The Routledge Companion to the Qur'an
3453:
3449:
3447:
3413:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 53–56, 58.
3097:
3062:https://www.jstor.org/stable/27014158
2538:; Webb, Jeffrey B. (29 August 2016).
1015:The jinn are obligated to follow the
897:considered to be, along with humans,
354:, 'garden', 'eden' or 'heaven'), and
228:at will. They favor a cockroach or a
8359:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
6838:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
5240:
5207:
5152:
5058:
5018:Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics
4931:
4832:
4609:
4557:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40463380
4537:Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014
4248:
4019:Rassool, G. Hussein (16 July 2015).
3775:. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Darussalam.
3629:
3197:
2582:
1820:
1064:and subject to the command to pray.
448:
183:), depending on whether they accept
5340:] (in German). Bern, CH: Haupt.
4837:(in French) (3rd ed.). Leyden.
4835:Supplément aux Dictionnaires arabes
4094:
4080:
3666:C. Hurst & Co. Publishers 2001
2679:
2589:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
2288:entirely good and pure is an angel.
2280:of great intelligence is called an
2241:
980:deemed jinn-possession impossible.
906:
887:can be used in two different ways:
392:
382:
364:
350:
334:
313:
207:
135:
24:
5200:
4813:Essai sur la Demonologie iranienne
4657:http://www.jstor.org/stable/640134
4102:from the original on 29 April 2011
4090:Iranica Online (iranicaonline.org)
3818:Değirmenci, Aslı (9 August 2013).
3444:
2433:. Vol. 3. Brill. p. 45.
2089:The Case of the Animals versus Man
1283:taking control over a human's body
1195:as "created beings" and casts the
560:
25:
9103:
8384:('Before the rising of the Sun')
5346:
5010:. Honar o mordom. pp. 44–51.
4860:. Vol. 1–2. Bloomington, IL.
4206:Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
2130:Superstitions in Muslim societies
1953:Comparative mythology § Jinn
1927:. This belief is attested by the
1326:Post-modern literature and movies
8551:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
6987:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
5063:. Vol. IX–XVII. Tehran, IR.
4713:
4662:
4649:
4549:
4540:
4499:
4478:
4457:
4436:
4343:
4328:
4270:
4260:
4058:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1879
3956:10.1111/j.1548-7458.2009.01041.x
3690:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0191
3336:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1054
2711:. Vol. I. 1706. p. 14.
1874:, who was considered a reliable
1553:
1531:
1509:
1487:
1465:
1443:
1421:
1023:), as derived from the Quran by
1010:
8193:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
7598:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')
6954:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
5628:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')
4139:
4046:
4037:
3970:
3926:
3910:
3826:
3811:
3789:
3741:
3703:
3677:
3656:
3638:
3609:Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885).
3590:
3581:
3572:
3551:
3514:
3504:
3495:
3474:
3434:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3324:
3283:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3137:
3124:
3112:
3103:
3082:
3023:
3002:
2990:(3). Akadémiai Kiadó: 423–434.
2954:
2945:
2800:
2791:
2757:
2736:
2715:
2701:
2650:
2634:
2429:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (2005).
2350:
2336:
2291:
2250:
2230:
2136:Three Thousand Years of Longing
1783:(Arabic: حمى), or the 'Fever'.
1712:, written in the 13th century.
1370:jinn have become a common trope
7497:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
7390:at the time of Abraham and Lot
6854:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
6521:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
6013:(Joachim the father of Maryam)
5417:
5404:
5120:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
4450:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
4392:Carboni, Stefano (2013). "The
3130:Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb al-Ṭabarī,
2709:Arabian Nights' entertainments
2576:
2556:
2180:
1745:, jinn, the evil eye, devils,
106:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
13:
1:
7416:
5298:Peterson, Mark Allen (2007).
5087:. Princeton University Press.
4999:Typology of Persian Folktales
4669:Grasso, Valentina A. (2023).
2168:
1919:(higher spirits; angels) and
1886:al-Shāmil fī al-baḥr al-kāmil
1641:
1620:obsessive-compulsive disorder
934:six articles of Islamic faith
751:of the next chapter entitled
492:is a borrowing of the French
8289:(The Afternoon or the Night)
8187:12 months: Four holy months
7739:('Place-of-Landing Blessed')
7332:(s) or People of the Injil)
6670:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel
6199:names and titles of Muhammad
5917:
5444:found in the Quran, such as
4913:. Vol. 1–8. Tehran, IR.
4802:Barnhart, Robert K. (1995).
4400:) of the Bodleian Library".
2390:
1779:included an illustration of
1673:Architectural representation
1374:Middle Eastern horror movies
976:seems to debate possession.
7:
9037:Islamic legendary creatures
9022:Arabian legendary creatures
8058:(Flood of the Great Dam of
6379:Adam's immediate relatives
5059:Rāzī, Abu al-Futūḥ (1988).
4824:Decharneux, Julien (2023).
4817:Essay on the Demons of Iran
4304:"The just ruler of the age"
3525:. ANU E Press. p. 38.
2913:Zeitlin, Irving M. (2007).
2873:Zeitlin, Irving M. (2007).
2746:Cambridge University Press
2723:The Dictionary Of The Bible
2565:"An Arabic-English Lexicon"
2431:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān
2080:
1122:
1107:Suyuti, Laqt al-marjân, 28.
1096:Suyuti, Laqt al-marjân, 38.
1084:muhaddith (hadith scholars)
856:
696:were inspired by the jinn.
386:), with the singular being
357:
341:
327:
220:
10:
9108:
8265:('Remembrance', including
7911:(literally 'The Barrier')
6939:('Companions of the Wood')
6828:Companions of the Elephant
6777:People of the Burnt Garden
6752:
6141:('Companion of the Whale')
5737:('The Trustworthy Spirit')
4755:
4738:10.1007/s11089-023-01057-z
4443:Al-Saleh, Yasmine (2010).
4335:Berlekamp, Persis (2011).
3977:Olupona, Jacob K. (2014).
3944:Visual Anthropology Review
3480:Juan Eduardo Campo (2009)
2919:. Polity. pp. 59–60.
2236:sometimes Arabs use Jānn (
1950:
1329:
1321:Modern and post-modern era
1257:, or spiritual healers in
1179:beliefs about spirits and
962:ahl as-sunnah wal-jammah'a
726:
36:
29:
8994:
8953:
8881:
8804:
8765:
8714:
8680:
8644:
8617:
8539:
8532:('Mother of the Book(s)')
8447:
8441:
8436:
8402:
8236:
8207:
8176:
8158:(The Sabbath or Saturday)
8136:
8084:
8080:
8033:
8022:
7883:
7772:
7719:
7659:
7504:
7452:, literally 'The Garden')
7422:
7411:
7341:Qissis (Christian priest)
7257:
7193:
7120:
7044:
6875:
6762:
6758:
6747:
6679:
6615:
6546:
6485:
6372:
6368:
6357:
6316:
6267:
6170:
5929:
5925:
5912:
5875:
5832:
5787:
5639:
5570:
5468:
5461:
5457:
5423:
5412:
5399:
5391:People and things in the
5313:Taneja, Anand V. (2017).
5262:Drijvers, H.J.W. (1976).
5214:The Message of the Qu'rán
5146:Types of Indic Oral Tales
4938:An Arabic-English Lexicon
4772:The Types of the Folktale
4675:Journal of Late Antiquity
4616:Falconer, Joshua (2019).
4302:Duggan, Terrance (2018).
4218:10.1007/s11013-013-9327-x
4023:. Routledge. p. 58.
3458:. Routledge. p. 145.
2695:Oxford English Dictionary
2542:. ABC-CLIO. p. 527.
2268:is called a s̲h̲ayṭān, a
2010:18b) and the 8th-century
1791:Talismanic representation
1332:Genies in popular culture
1135:The jinn (also known as:
883:interpretation, the term
823:Judeo-Christian tradition
583:pre-Islamic Arabic poetry
579:pre-Islamic Arab religion
260:Etymology and translation
136:
115:
101:
91:
63:
7388:Mesopotamian polytheists
7336:Ruhban (Christian monks)
7210:(People of the Verandah)
7087:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
6890:(literally 'The Romans')
6810:Companions of Noah's Ark
6727:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
6656:(Korah, cousin of Moses)
6576:Magicians of the Pharaoh
6478:(Muhammad's adopted son)
5770:(Angel of Death, Azrael)
5554:(fish or whale) of Jonah
5040:Nünlist, Tobias (2015).
4811:Christensen, A. (1941).
4659:. Accessed 21 Apr. 2023.
4559:. Accessed 13 June 2020.
4282:10.4103/0971-9962.200095
4175:10.1177/1363461513503378
4163:Transcultural Psychiatry
3922:10.1177/2158244020979701
3710:Gingrich, Andre (1995).
3064:. Accessed 30 Oct. 2023.
2843:Lebling, Robert (2010).
2721:John L. Mckenzie (1995)
2479:Nünlist, Tobias (2015).
2173:
1159:) were adopted by later
737:The 72nd chapter of the
722:
717:
557:should be used instead.
8871:Forbidden fruit of Adam
8341:('Decline of the Sun')
8229:(The Lesser Pilgrimage)
7959:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
7384:at the time of Muhammad
7358:Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
6815:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm
6711:the companion of Joshua
5545:(female ant) of Solomon
5264:The Religion of Palmyra
5232:Crapanzano, V. (1973).
5083:Sinai, Nicolai (2023).
4879:El-Zein, Amira (2009).
3985:Oxford University Press
3716:Quaderni di Studi Arabi
3521:Muhaimin, A.G. (2006).
2966:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi
2916:The Historical Muhammad
2875:The Historical Muhammad
2742:Mehmet-Ali Ataç (2010)
2485:Demonic Belief in Islam
2139:, a 2022 film starring
1861:Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. Hilāl
507:Thousand and One Nights
451:) with the meaning of '
399:The origin of the word
9062:Paranormal terminology
8483:(Scroll(s) of Abraham)
8475:(The Book of Muhammad)
7985:Cave of Seven Sleepers
7808:, literally 'Place of
7696:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah
7072:Companions of the Rass
6973:Companions of Muhammad
6819:Companions of the Cave
5754:Angel of the Trumpet (
5280:Goodman, L.E. (1978).
5144:; Roberts, W. (1960).
5042:Dämonenglaube im Islam
5006:Mīhandūst, M. (1976).
4486:Encyclopaedia of Islam
3484:. Infobase Publishing
2765:"jinn – definition of
2563:Lane, Edward William.
2481:Dämonenglaube im Islam
2361:Dämonenglaube im Islam
2302:Dämonenglaube im Islam
2191:Dämonenglaube im Islam
1974:
1832:
1806:
1732:
1682:
1651:
1561:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1350:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1110:
1099:
964:) in the tradition of
876:
867:
756:
684:Poetry and soothsaying
574:
500:, also from the Latin
495:
289:
78:illuminated manuscript
69:
51:Genie (disambiguation)
47:Djinn (disambiguation)
39:Jinni (disambiguation)
8724:(literally 'lamps'):
8637:statue) of Israelites
8570:(Casket of Shekhinah)
8072:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
7919:(Black Stone) &
7699:('The Blessed Place')
7167:Daughters of Muhammad
7157:Household of Muhammad
7133:Household of Abraham
6981:(literally 'Helpers')
6436:Disciples (including
6096:the son of Zechariah)
5685:(Honourable Scribes)
5673:Bearers of the Throne
4993:Marzolph, U. (1984).
4970:Loeffler, L. (1988).
4856:el-Shamy, H. (1995).
4687:10.1353/jla.2023.0007
3877:10.1108/9781787698970
3482:Encyclopedia of Islam
2641:Tisdall, W. St. Clair
2058:in inscriptions from
2000:Zoroastrian cosmology
1979:comparative mythology
1960:
1951:Further information:
1947:Comparative mythology
1830:
1799:Image of a talisman (
1798:
1726:
1680:
1649:
1355:magical realism genre
1339:
1130:
1100:
1089:
873:
864:
736:
568:
376:, may also appear as
267:
76:. Illustration in an
68:
43:Jinn (disambiguation)
9072:Supernatural legends
8504:(Scroll(s) of Moses)
8382:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams
8099:('the Confederates')
8087:military expeditions
7862:The Prophet's Mosque
7820:('The Sacred Grove')
7616:(Station of Abraham)
7431:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah
7107:('Companions of the
6906:(Sodom and Gomorrah)
6898:(Children of Israel)
6593:Moses' sister-in-law
6572:, who adopted Moses)
6515:, Qatafir or Qittin)
6494:Brothers (including
6240:He who spoke to God)
5563:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ
5535:sleepers of the cave
5503:) of the Abyssinians
5332:Zbinden, E. (1953).
5289:Maarouf, M. (2007).
5266:. Leiden, NL: Brill.
5241:Dibi, Tofik (2021).
4402:The La Trobe Journal
4084:(15 December 2000).
3805:Dear shameless Death
3557:Celia E. Rothenberg
3198:Meri, Josef (2016).
2246:another type of jinn
1992:Testament of Solomon
1941:Neo-Platonic thought
1380:Prevalence of belief
1363:rationalized society
1353:Jinn feature in the
1073:, though considered
958:people of the Sunnah
755:(The Enshrouded One)
692:, philosophers, and
9092:Islamic terminology
9042:Malaysian mythology
8123:Expedition of Tabuk
8067:Farewell Pilgrimage
7817:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
7736:Munzalanm-Mubārakan
7555:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām
7530:Iram of the Pillars
6833:People of al-Ukhdūd
6785:(Companions of the
6244:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh
5511:Domesticated donkey
5481:(cow) of Israelites
4726:Pastoral Psychology
4484:Ian Richard Netton
4078:Omidsalar, Mahmoud
3143:Abū al-Futūḥ Rāzī,
3078:. pp. 108–109.
2773:Oxford Dictionaries
2725:Simon and Schuster
2062:as well as broader
1890:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1710:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1705:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1700:Alexander the Great
1408:
1402:Pew Research Center
1265:'s studies in 1940
638:Zakariya al-Qazwini
636:), as described by
603:Emilie Savage-Smith
589:Fear and veneration
324:include the Arabic
288:, 713–716 BCE.
177:) or disbelievers (
161:creatures in early
60:
9087:Albanian mythology
8578:Trumpet of Israfil
8324:('The Late-Night')
8191:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām
7937:(Cave of the Bull)
7922:Al-Hijr of Isma'il
7834:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām
7526:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād
7511:(excluding Madyan)
7434:('The Holy Land')
7382:Meccan polytheists
7320:People of the Book
7178:Household of Salih
7153:Household of Moses
7101:(people of Ṣāliḥ)
6802:Disciples of Jesus
6774:People of Paradise
6566:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim
6455:People of Solomon
6415:People of Abraham
6395:Believer of Ya-Sin
6363:People of Prophets
6061:(Jethro, Reuel or
5868:('Rebellious one')
5592:Beast of the Earth
5094:Tuḥfat al-gharā'ib
4710:, p. 183–186.
4606:, p. 227–228.
4321:10.18367/Pha.18024
3801:Sevgili Arsiz Ölüm
3747:Joseph P. Laycock
3293:. Scarecrow Press
3132:Tuḥfat al-gharā’ib
2359:T. Nünlist (2015)
2300:T. Nünlist (2015)
2189:T. Nünlist (2015)
2016:Theodore bar Konai
1975:
1833:
1807:
1758:talismanic symbols
1733:
1683:
1652:
1636:medical graduation
1407:
1351:
1275:İn Cin top oynuyor
1133:
877:
868:
757:
712:totally controlled
595:pre-Islamic Arabia
575:
571:Sinai desert cobra
299:deriving from the
290:
163:pre-Islamic Arabia
70:
58:
49:, and
9052:Occultism (Islam)
9027:Egyptian folklore
9004:
9003:
8990:
8989:
8963:(Water or fluid)
8949:
8948:
8936:Sidrat al-Muntahā
8780:(Garlic or wheat)
8710:
8709:
8706:
8705:
8432:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8374:('The Afternoon')
8365:('The Afternoon')
8295:('The Mornings')
8128:Conquest of Mecca
8113:Battle of Khaybar
8049:Event of Mubahala
8045:(Night of Decree)
8018:
8017:
7973:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn
7916:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad
7879:
7878:
7871:Salat (Synagogue)
7824:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā
7675:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan
7508:Arabian Peninsula
7483:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
7407:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7189:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7137:Brothers of Yūsuf
7008:Children of Ayyub
7001:Wife of Abu Lahab
6959:People of Fir'aun
6950:(People of Jonah)
6924:People of Shuaib
6910:People of Ibrahim
6843:People of Yathrib
6743:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6718:Nebuchadnezzar II
6611:
6610:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6312:
6311:
6181:and Strong Will')
5908:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5783:
5782:
5723:(Gabriel, chief)
5635:
5634:
5324:978-1-5036-0393-6
5051:978-3-110-33168-4
4902:Toḥfat al-majāles
4892:978-0-8156-3200-9
4833:Dozy, R. (1967).
4494:978-1-135-17960-1
4473:978-9-004-12771-5
4394:Book of Surprises
4132:978-1-317-22698-7
4095:دانشنامه ایرانیکا
4030:978-1-31744-125-0
3994:978-0-19-979058-6
3886:978-1-78769-898-7
3844:978-1-84888-366-6
3757:978-1-610-69590-9
3698:978-90-04-16121-4
3672:978-1-85065-570-1
3532:978-1-920942-31-1
3490:978-1-438-12696-8
3420:978-90-474-4358-2
3320:978-0-992-63357-8
3299:978-1-461-71895-6
3280:, 35(1-2), 37-45.
3278:Melita Theologica
3209:978-1-351-66822-4
2926:978-0-7456-3999-4
2884:978-0-745-63998-7
2856:978-0-85773-063-3
2752:978-0-521-51790-4
2731:978-0-684-81913-6
2599:978-0-87950-003-0
2549:978-1-610-69568-8
2494:978-3-110-33168-4
2440:978-90-04-12356-4
2260:Al-Jahiz defines
1821:Magical practises
1751:celestial spirits
1687:Citadel of Aleppo
1587:
1586:
1340:The cave chamber
1237:) and are called
1173:greater tradition
907:مَارِجٍ مِن نَّار
763:, exclusively in
729:Islamic mythology
699:The Arabian poet
674:ancient Near East
640:, they are among
599:Julius Wellhausen
420:– as a result of
218:
125:
124:
96:Mythical creature
16:(Redirected from
9099:
9082:Turkish folklore
9032:Iranian folklore
8890:Plants of Sheba
8802:
8801:
8645:Of Noah's people
8615:
8614:
8583:
8582:
8574:Throne of Bilqis
8567:Tābūt as-Sakīnah
8508:Tablets of Stone
8438:
8437:
8421:First Pilgrimage
8237:Times for prayer
8180:Islamic calendar
8108:Battle of Hunayn
8082:
8081:
8024:
8023:
7963:Bayt al-Muqaddas
7502:
7501:
7413:
7412:
7172:Muhammad's wives
7147:Progeny of Imran
7029:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj
6931:People of Madyan
6873:
6872:
6862:
6861:
6760:
6759:
6749:
6748:
6483:
6482:
6449:Zechariah's wife
6433:People of Jesus
6422:Ishmael's mother
6370:
6369:
6359:
6358:
6168:
6167:
6109:Isrāʾīl (Israel)
6094:John the Baptist
5927:
5926:
5914:
5913:
5707:
5706:
5701:Munkar and Nakir
5466:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5414:
5413:
5401:
5400:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5362:
5361:
5341:
5328:
5309:
5294:
5293:. Leiden: Brill.
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5237:
5228:
5195:
5189:
5181:
5172:
5166:
5158:
5149:
5137:
5131:
5123:
5111:
5105:
5097:
5088:
5078:
5072:
5064:
5055:
5036:
5030:
5022:
5011:
5002:
4989:
4983:
4975:
4966:
4960:
4952:
4950:
4943:
4928:
4922:
4914:
4905:
4896:
4875:
4869:
4861:
4852:
4846:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4807:
4798:
4792:
4784:
4775:
4750:
4749:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4666:
4660:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4587:
4569:
4560:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4531:
4506:
4503:
4497:
4482:
4476:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4389:
4362:
4359:
4350:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4299:
4284:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4246:
4245:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4157:
4146:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4069:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4016:
4007:
4006:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3766:
3760:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3707:
3701:
3681:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3606:
3597:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3570:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3401:
3386:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3347:
3328:
3322:
3308:
3302:
3287:
3281:
3274:
3265:
3262:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3195:
3180:
3177:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3047:, p. 91–93.
3042:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2840:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2775:. Archived from
2761:
2755:
2740:
2734:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2571:on 8 April 2015.
2567:. Archived from
2560:
2554:
2553:
2532:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2510:, p. 19–21.
2505:
2499:
2498:
2476:
2445:
2444:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2400:
2384:
2380:great traditions
2372:
2368:
2367:
2354:
2348:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2295:
2289:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2184:
2157:Will-o'-the-wisp
2023:Book of Jubilees
1848:Kitāb al-Fihrist
1695:Seal of Sulaymān
1624:Capgras syndrome
1559:
1557:
1556:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1409:
1406:
1165:little tradition
1108:
1097:
1046:required prayers
908:
784:al-ins wa-l-jinn
537:, "sprite", and
498:
450:
445:Classical Syriac
395:
394:
385:
384:
374:Classical Arabic
367:
366:
360:
353:
352:
346:
337:
336:
330:
315:
307:
306:
223:
213:
211:
140:
138:
110:Islamic folklore
61:
57:
21:
9107:
9106:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9096:
9057:Quranic figures
9047:Indian folklore
9007:
9006:
9005:
9000:
8986:
8945:
8883:
8877:
8800:
8761:
8716:
8702:
8676:
8640:
8613:
8587:
8586:Mentioned idols
8581:
8543:
8541:
8535:
8480:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm
8443:
8424:
8415:Laylat al-Mabit
8398:
8350:('The Evening')
8339:Dulūk ash-Shams
8307:('The Morning')
8301:('The Morning')
8238:
8232:
8203:
8178:
8172:
8161:Days of battles
8132:
8086:
8076:
8037:Incident of Ifk
8029:
8014:
8005:Palestine River
7875:
7844:Masjid al-Dirar
7774:
7768:
7715:
7663:
7655:
7510:
7506:
7500:
7437:'Blessed' Land'
7418:
7395:
7259:
7253:
7234:Umayyad Dynasty
7195:
7181:
7142:Lot's daughters
7126:
7125:('People of the
7124:
7116:
7068:(people of Hud)
7054:
7040:
7032:(Gog and Magog)
6915:People of Ilyas
6868:
6866:
6860:
6793:Jesus' apostles
6770:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
6754:
6735:
6681:
6675:
6639:of Moses' time)
6607:
6583:Wise, pious man
6570:Wife of Pharaoh
6562:Imraʾat Firʿawn
6549:Aaron and Moses
6548:
6542:
6498:(Benjamin) and
6487:
6481:
6399:Family of Noah
6364:
6345:
6308:
6263:
6234:Mūsā Kalīmullāh
6180:
6178:
6176:
6166:
6092:ibn Zakariyyā (
5921:
5900:
5871:
5828:
5779:
5741:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus
5731:('The Spirit')
5705:
5683:Kirāman Kātibīn
5678:Harut and Marut
5655:Angels of Hell
5631:
5566:
5453:
5419:
5408:
5395:
5389:
5349:
5344:
5325:
5255:
5225:
5203:
5201:Further reading
5198:
5183:
5182:
5160:
5159:
5125:
5124:
5099:
5098:
5066:
5065:
5052:
5024:
5023:
4977:
4976:
4974:. New York, NY.
4954:
4953:
4948:
4941:
4916:
4915:
4893:
4863:
4862:
4840:
4839:
4786:
4785:
4781:Ajā'eb al-donyā
4758:
4753:
4718:
4714:
4706:
4702:
4667:
4663:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4614:
4610:
4604:Decharneux 2023
4602:
4598:
4584:
4570:
4563:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4532:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4488:Routledge 2013
4483:
4479:
4462:
4458:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4398:Kitab al-Buhlan
4390:
4365:
4360:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4333:
4329:
4300:
4287:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4249:
4202:
4198:
4158:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4081:محمود امیدسالار
4076:
4072:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4017:
4010:
3995:
3975:
3971:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3887:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3831:
3827:
3816:
3812:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3767:
3763:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3708:
3704:
3682:
3678:
3661:
3657:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3452:
3445:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3410:
3402:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3350:
3329:
3325:
3309:
3305:
3288:
3284:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3196:
3183:
3178:
3151:
3142:
3138:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3074:Amira el-Zein.
3072:
3068:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2980:
2973:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2841:
2816:
2807:Amira el-Zein.
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2779:on 3 April 2019
2763:
2762:
2758:
2741:
2737:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2581:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2477:
2448:
2441:
2427:
2420:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2255:
2251:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2083:
1955:
1949:
1929:Book of Wonders
1823:
1811:Qur'anic verses
1793:
1777:Book of Wonders
1762:Book of Wonders
1738:Book of Wonders
1729:Book of Wonders
1721:
1718:Kitāb al-Bulhān
1675:
1644:
1594:Sleep paralysis
1583:
1582:
1569:
1568:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1422:
1420:
1382:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1296:
1161:Islamic culture
1125:
1109:
1106:
1098:
1095:
1013:
1001:Sufi literature
911:mārijin min nār
859:
731:
725:
720:
686:
652:, wild beasts,
591:
563:
561:Pre-Islamic era
479:peoples of Iran
475:pre-Zoroastrian
304:
303:
297:collective noun
274:bucket and cone
262:
167:Islamic culture
87:
80:of the Iranian
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9105:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9002:
9001:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8978:
8977:
8976:
8975:(River or sea)
8970:
8957:
8955:
8951:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8923:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8901:
8887:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8874:
8873:
8865:
8855:
8845:
8835:
8825:
8819:
8808:
8806:
8799:
8793:
8787:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8767:
8763:
8762:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8757:
8745:
8744:
8743:
8731:
8720:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8704:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8684:
8682:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8648:
8646:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8638:
8627:
8621:
8619:
8612:
8611:
8595:
8591:
8589:
8580:
8579:
8576:
8571:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8547:
8545:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8525:
8512:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8484:
8476:
8467:
8453:
8451:
8445:
8444:
8434:
8433:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8418:
8411:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8394:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8375:
8366:
8351:
8336:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8315:('The Night')
8310:
8309:
8308:
8302:
8290:
8271:('Praising'),
8242:
8240:
8239:or remembrance
8234:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8221:
8211:
8209:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8201:
8200:
8199:
8194:
8184:
8182:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8150:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8118:Battle of Uhud
8115:
8110:
8105:
8103:Battle of Badr
8100:
8090:
8088:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8063:
8051:
8046:
8042:Laylat al-Qadr
8038:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8006:
8003:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7969:
7960:
7957:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7934:Ghār ath-Thawr
7930:
7925:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7859:
7846:
7841:
7831:
7821:
7799:
7794:
7787:
7778:
7776:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7757:('Township of
7752:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7726:
7724:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7704:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7700:
7685:Al-Wādil-Ayman
7679:Valley of Tuwa
7667:
7665:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7620:Safa and Marwa
7617:
7609:
7599:
7590:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7557:
7548:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7514:
7512:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7485:
7480:
7470:
7468:Door of Hittah
7465:
7453:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7419:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7385:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7303:
7291:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7271:
7268:Ahl al-Dhimmah
7263:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7245:
7236:
7231:
7229:Iranian people
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7130:
7128:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7096:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7074:
7069:
7062:
7060:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6982:
6969:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad
6961:
6956:
6951:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah
6934:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6899:
6891:
6883:
6876:
6870:
6859:
6858:
6857:Nation of Noah
6855:
6849:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6812:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6790:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6766:
6764:
6756:
6755:
6745:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6712:
6709:Caleb or Kaleb
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6651:
6645:
6640:
6630:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6559:
6552:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6522:
6516:
6503:
6491:
6489:
6480:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6464:Queen of Sheba
6461:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6427:Isaac's mother
6424:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6397:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6376:
6374:
6366:
6365:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6340:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn
6337:
6327:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6292:
6282:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6268:Debatable ones
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6251:
6250:Friend of God)
6241:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6223:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6195:
6184:
6182:
6177:('Those of the
6165:
6164:
6154:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6136:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6097:
6087:
6076:
6066:
6056:
6051:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6024:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5944:
5933:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5891:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5861:
5845:
5843:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5804:
5796:
5794:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5771:
5763:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5738:
5735:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn
5717:
5715:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5661:
5652:
5650:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5595:
5585:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5555:
5546:
5537:
5527:
5514:
5504:
5491:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5463:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5397:
5396:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5348:
5347:External links
5345:
5343:
5342:
5329:
5323:
5310:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5268:
5259:
5253:
5238:
5229:
5223:
5209:Asad, Muhammad
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5173:
5150:
5138:
5112:
5089:
5080:
5056:
5050:
5037:
5012:
5003:
4990:
4967:
4944:. Beirut, LB.
4929:
4906:
4897:
4891:
4876:
4853:
4830:
4821:
4808:
4799:
4776:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4732:(1): 133–145.
4712:
4700:
4681:(1): 162–163.
4661:
4648:
4639:
4608:
4596:
4582:
4561:
4548:
4539:
4507:
4498:
4477:
4463:Gerda Sengers
4456:
4435:
4423:
4411:
4363:
4351:
4342:
4327:
4314:(4): 389–421.
4285:
4269:
4259:
4247:
4212:(3): 534–548.
4196:
4169:(2): 158–175.
4147:
4138:
4131:
4113:
4070:
4045:
4036:
4029:
4008:
3993:
3987:. p. 36.
3969:
3950:(2): 186–207.
3934:
3925:
3909:
3900:
3885:
3850:
3843:
3825:
3810:
3788:
3781:
3761:
3751:ABC-CLIO 2015
3740:
3702:
3676:
3655:
3652:. 24 May 2022.
3637:
3628:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3550:
3538:
3531:
3513:
3503:
3494:
3473:
3461:
3443:
3433:
3419:
3387:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3348:
3323:
3303:
3282:
3266:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3215:
3208:
3181:
3149:
3147:, pp. 193, 341
3136:
3123:
3111:
3102:
3100:, p. 180.
3090:
3081:
3066:
3049:
3037:
3022:
3020:, p. 164.
3010:
3001:
2971:
2953:
2944:
2942:, p. 122.
2932:
2925:
2905:
2890:
2883:
2862:
2855:
2814:
2811:. p. 260.
2799:
2790:
2756:
2735:
2714:
2700:
2678:
2658:
2649:
2647:, London, 1905
2633:
2617:
2605:
2598:
2575:
2555:
2548:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2493:
2446:
2439:
2418:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2349:
2335:
2290:
2249:
2229:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2066:demonologies.
1994:ascend to the
1988:Patricia Crone
1948:
1945:
1921:rūḥāiya sufula
1906:Ottoman Empire
1865:Umayyad period
1844:ibn al-Nadim's
1822:
1819:
1792:
1789:
1720:
1714:
1674:
1671:
1643:
1640:
1632:disenchantment
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1381:
1378:
1343:Majlis al Jinn
1330:Main article:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1294:
1124:
1121:
1104:
1093:
1039:muslimū l-jinn
1025:Muslim jurists
1012:
1009:
1005:Sufi cosmology
978:Al-Rustughfanī
930:
929:
918:sensory organs
914:
858:
855:
851:eschatological
775:was sent as a
724:
721:
719:
716:
685:
682:
590:
587:
562:
559:
453:tutelary deity
418:Roman religion
261:
258:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
71:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9104:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9077:Shapeshifting
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9014:
9012:
8998:
8993:
8982:
8979:
8974:
8971:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8931:
8927:
8924:
8921:
8917:
8914:
8909:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8882:Bushes, trees
8880:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8859:
8856:
8853:
8849:
8846:
8843:
8839:
8836:
8833:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8820:
8817:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8803:
8797:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8782:
8779:
8776:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8764:
8755:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8723:
8719:
8713:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8685:
8683:
8679:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8643:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8618:Of Israelites
8616:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8599:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8588:(cult images)
8584:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8562:
8561:Staff of Musa
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8548:
8546:
8538:
8531:
8530:
8526:
8523:
8519:
8518:
8513:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8482:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8439:
8435:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8401:
8392:
8391:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8357:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8322:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8275:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8263:
8258:
8257:
8252:
8248:
8247:
8241:
8235:
8228:
8227:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8206:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8181:
8177:Months of the
8175:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8083:
8079:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8064:
8061:
8057:
8056:
8055:Sayl al-ʿArim
8052:
8050:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8032:
8025:
8021:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:(Mesopotamia)
7975:
7974:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7918:
7917:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7872:
7869:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7839:
7838:Sacred Mosque
7835:
7832:
7829:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7792:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7779:
7777:
7771:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7746:
7743:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7718:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7698:
7697:
7693:
7692:
7690:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7674:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7664:or Tīh Desert
7662:
7658:
7652:
7649:
7644:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7613:Maqām Ibrāhīm
7610:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7546:
7542:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7496:
7493:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7478:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7414:
7410:
7389:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7375:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7363:Rabbani/Rabbi
7361:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7296:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7192:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7123:
7119:
7110:
7106:
7105:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr
7103:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6997:
6993:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6921:
6920:People of Nuh
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6863:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6803:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6783:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt
6781:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6750:
6746:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6699:Bal'am/Balaam
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:not specified
6678:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6536:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6484:
6477:
6474:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6444:Mary's mother
6442:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6406:
6404:
6403:Father Lamech
6401:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6360:
6356:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6235:
6232:
6228:(Son of Mary)
6227:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6153:son of Jacob)
6152:
6148:
6145:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6075:son of David)
6074:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5915:
5911:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5856:(the (chief)
5855:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5588:Dābbat al-Arḍ
5586:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5536:
5533:(dog) of the
5532:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5353:Etymology of
5351:
5350:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5254:9781438481302
5250:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5224:1-904510-00-0
5220:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5193:
5187:
5180:. Tehran, IR.
5179:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5157:. Tehran, IR.
5156:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5096:. Tehran, IR.
5095:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5079:(pub. so far)
5076:
5070:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5020:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4947:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4912:
4911:Ketāb al-kāfī
4907:
4904:. Tehran, IR.
4903:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4859:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4836:
4831:
4828:. De Gruyter.
4827:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4783:. Moscow, RU.
4782:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4704:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4652:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4583:9783110444797
4579:
4575:
4568:
4566:
4558:
4552:
4543:
4536:
4533:Travis Zadeh
4530:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4439:
4433:, p. 82.
4432:
4427:
4421:, p. 80.
4420:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4358:
4356:
4346:
4338:
4331:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4263:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4142:
4134:
4128:
4125:. Routledge.
4124:
4117:
4101:
4091:
4087:
4074:
4067:
4066:9789004161214
4063:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4040:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4013:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3929:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3904:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3814:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3784:
3782:9789960732442
3778:
3774:
3773:
3765:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3662:Robert Elsie
3659:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3632:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3603:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3568:
3567:9781461741237
3564:
3560:
3554:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3507:
3498:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3471:, p. 52.
3470:
3465:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3437:
3422:
3416:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3344:9789004161214
3341:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3225:, p. 64.
3224:
3219:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3146:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3085:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3041:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2909:
2903:, p. 34.
2902:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2794:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2615:, p. 38.
2614:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2522:, p. 37.
2521:
2516:
2509:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Shadow person
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1983:fallen angels
1980:
1972:
1968:
1965:אַשְמְדּאָי (
1964:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Magic squares
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:hallucination
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:Mediha Esenel
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:Jurisprudence
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
994:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
904:
900:
896:
895:
890:
889:
888:
886:
882:
872:
863:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
830:
828:
824:
819:
818:Surah al-jinn
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
790:derives from
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:Meccan surahs
762:
754:
750:
749:
744:
740:
735:
730:
715:
713:
709:
704:
702:
697:
695:
691:
681:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
586:
584:
580:
572:
567:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
520:ontologically
517:
513:
509:
508:
503:
499:
497:
491:
487:
482:
480:
477:mythology of
476:
472:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
389:
379:
375:
371:
368:, 'embryo').
361:
359:
347:
345:
344:
331:
329:
323:
319:
311:
302:
298:
295:is an Arabic
294:
287:
286:Dur Sharrukin
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
257:
255:
251:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
216:
210:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
165:and later in
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
133:
129:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
67:
62:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
9067:Supernatural
8996:
8980:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8925:
8915:
8903:
8893:
8867:In Paradise
8857:
8847:
8837:
8827:
8821:
8811:
8795:
8792:(Plant stem)
8789:
8783:
8777:
8771:
8766:Plant matter
8753:
8747:
8739:
8733:
8727:
8721:
8630:
8601:
8597:
8565:
8529:Umm al-Kitāb
8527:
8514:
8501:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā
8499:
8486:
8478:
8469:
8456:
8413:
8409:Ghadir Khumm
8393:('The Dawn')
8387:
8381:
8368:
8362:
8353:
8344:
8338:
8335:('The Noon')
8329:
8318:
8312:
8304:
8298:
8292:
8286:
8278:
8272:
8266:
8260:
8254:
8244:
8223:
8214:
8164:Days of Hajj
8152:
8149:(The Friday)
8143:
8095:
8053:
8040:
8008:Paradise of
7995:Jordan River
7990:Dār an-Nadwa
7989:
7971:
7933:
7928:Cave of Hira
7920:
7915:
7905:
7852:Masjid Qubāʾ
7851:
7833:
7823:
7815:
7801:
7789:
7781:
7755:Qaryat Yūnus
7754:
7744:
7734:
7694:
7684:
7670:
7661:Sinai Region
7643:Dam of Sheba
7638:
7626:
7611:
7601:
7592:
7577:
7559:
7537:
7525:
7517:
7487:
7482:
7472:
7455:
7442:
7429:
7347:
7325:
7316:Ahl al-Kitāb
7315:
7293:
7289:Zoroastrians
7285:
7280:disbelievers
7273:
7266:
7224:Banu Qurayza
7219:Banu Qaynuqa
7208:Ahl as-Suffa
7207:
7121:
7104:
7076:
7045:
7028:
7013:Sons of Adam
6968:
6944:
6936:
6927:
6901:
6895:Banī Isrāʾīl
6893:
6886:
6851:
6814:
6797:
6782:
6769:
6714:Luqman's son
6561:
6525:
6518:
6508:
6412:Luqman's son
6383:Martyred son
6275:Dhūl-Qarnain
6225:
6215:
6179:Perseverance
6171:
6149:ibn Ya‘qūb (
6139:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt
6138:
6127:('He of the
6124:
6037:Dhabih Ullah
5893:
5888:
5882:
5863:
5851:
5833:
5821:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5789:
5788:
5767:Malakul-Mawt
5765:
5740:
5734:
5726:
5711:
5682:
5663:
5640:
5619:
5607:
5597:
5587:
5577:
5558:
5549:
5540:
5530:
5526:) of Solomon
5517:
5506:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5445:
5354:
5337:
5333:
5314:
5304:
5290:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5243:
5233:
5213:
5178:Farrokh-nāma
5177:
5154:
5145:
5142:Thompson, S.
5119:
5116:Thompson, S.
5093:
5084:
5060:
5041:
5017:
5007:
4998:
4994:
4971:
4937:
4910:
4901:
4881:
4857:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4812:
4803:
4780:
4771:
4768:Thompson, S.
4729:
4725:
4715:
4703:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4651:
4642:
4625:
4621:
4611:
4599:
4573:
4551:
4542:
4534:
4501:
4485:
4480:
4464:
4459:
4448:
4438:
4431:El-Zein 2009
4426:
4419:El-Zein 2009
4414:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4345:
4336:
4330:
4311:
4307:
4272:
4262:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4166:
4162:
4141:
4122:
4116:
4104:. Retrieved
4089:
4073:
4048:
4039:
4020:
3979:
3972:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3928:
3912:
3903:
3867:
3862:
3834:
3828:
3819:
3813:
3804:
3800:
3791:
3771:
3764:
3748:
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3719:
3715:
3705:
3700:, 1960–2007.
3679:
3663:
3658:
3650:Mynet Eğitim
3649:
3640:
3631:
3619:. Retrieved
3614:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3558:
3553:
3522:
3516:
3506:
3497:
3481:
3476:
3469:El-Zein 2009
3464:
3455:
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3406:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3326:
3311:
3306:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3223:El-Zein 2009
3218:
3199:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3114:
3105:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3045:El-Zein 2009
3040:
3031:
3025:
3018:El-Zein 2009
3013:
3004:
2987:
2983:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2940:El-Zein 2009
2935:
2915:
2908:
2901:El-Zein 2009
2874:
2845:
2808:
2802:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:the original
2772:
2766:
2759:
2743:
2738:
2722:
2717:
2708:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2652:
2636:
2613:El-Zein 2009
2608:
2588:
2578:
2569:the original
2558:
2539:
2520:El-Zein 2009
2515:
2508:El-Zein 2009
2503:
2484:
2480:
2430:
2404:
2398:
2379:
2375:
2371:(in English)
2366:TRANSLATION:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2338:
2330:
2318:
2313:(in English)
2308:TRANSLATION:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2232:
2223:
2211:
2206:
2202:(in English)
2197:TRANSLATION:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2147:Throne Verse
2134:
2087:
2068:
2064:late antique
2055:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2011:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1920:
1917:rūḥāiya ulia
1916:
1914:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1880:(scholar of
1875:
1869:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1808:
1800:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1761:
1755:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1717:
1703:
1691:
1684:
1667:King Solomon
1660:
1653:
1613:
1606:
1592:
1588:
1575:Central Asia
1399:
1394:
1393:is used for
1390:
1383:
1367:
1359:Latife Tekin
1352:
1341:
1302:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1255:Central Asia
1250:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1187:who treated
1177:
1172:
1164:
1134:
1114:
1111:
1101:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1075:fabricated (
1068:
1066:
1061:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1014:
998:
991:
982:
961:
953:
942:ibn Taymiyya
931:
920:, including
910:
898:
892:
884:
878:
831:
816:
795:
791:
787:
783:
781:
758:
753:al-Muzzammil
747:
707:
705:
698:
687:
678:
633:
627:
622:
618:
617:, the terms
592:
576:
554:
550:
546:
538:
534:
530:
528:
523:
518:, creatures
516:Assyrian art
505:
501:
493:
489:
483:
470:
461:
456:
440:
411:
404:
400:
398:
387:
377:
369:
355:
339:
325:
317:
301:Semitic root
292:
291:
270:winged genie
246:
201:
178:
154:
146:
127:
126:
120:Muslim world
55:
8842:Pomegranate
8742:(The Earth)
8635:golden calf
8208:Pilgrimages
7941:Hudaybiyyah
7856:Quba Mosque
7810:Prostration
7761:,' that is
7722:Mesopotamia
7711:Mount Tabor
7707:Mount Sinai
7689:Mount Sinai
7639:ʿArim Sabaʾ
7377:Polytheists
7127:Household')
7122:Ahl al-Bayt
7079:(People of
7077:Qawm Tubbaʿ
7023:Wife of Lut
7018:Wife of Nuh
6869:or families
6867:ethnicities
6588:Moses' wife
6071:ibn Dāwūd (
5853:ash-Shayṭān
5745:Holy Spirit
5571:Non-related
4467:BRILL 2003
4267:PMC4746541.
4068:, 1960-2007
3722:: 199–212.
3346:, 1960-2007
2769:in English"
2326:(in German)
2219:(in German)
2143:as a djinn.
1656:Islamic art
1387:West Africa
1227:Muslim jinn
1185:Syed Sultan
984:Al-Māturīdī
853:judgement.
690:soothsayers
434:sanctuaries
314:جَنّ / جُنّ
278:pre-Islamic
224:), and can
9011:Categories
8736:(Planets)
8730:(The Moon)
8681:Of Quraysh
8556:Noah's Ark
8449:Holy books
8293:Al-Ghuduww
8287:Al-ʿAshiyy
8251:Invocation
8243:Times for
8094:Battle of
8085:Battles or
7677:(The Holy
7543:(formerly
7490:(Mainland
7300:Hypocrites
7247:People of
7214:Banu Nadir
7194:Implicitly
7036:Son of Nuh
6994:People of
6928:Ahl Madyan
6903:Muʾtafikāt
6823:Al-Raqaim?
6798:Ḥawāriyyūn
6680:Implied or
6625:(possibly
6555:Egyptians
6547:People of
6505:Egyptians
6326:(Jeremiah)
6226:Ibn Maryam
5979:(Ezekiel?)
5818:(Asmodeus)
5712:Muqarrabun
5448:(Generous)
5418:Non-humans
5406:Characters
4933:Lane, E.W.
4708:Sinai 2023
4593:3110444798
3983:. Oxford:
3426:1 December
3134:, I, p. 68
3098:Sinai 2023
2877:. Polity.
2584:Wehr, Hans
2344:Hadhramaut
2169:References
2141:Idris Elba
1770:god of war
1663:apotropaic
1642:Visual art
1451:Bangladesh
1385:world and
1348:Omani lore
1299:depression
1243:jinn kāfir
1239:kāfir jinn
1231:jinn Islam
1056:cites two
1017:divine law
956:) of the "
727:See also:
486:anglicized
422:syncretism
151:anglicized
8930:Date palm
8920:Palm tree
8908:Lote-tree
8884:or plants
8828:Qith-thāʾ
8756:(The Sun)
8754:Ash-Shams
8715:Celestial
8608:False god
8544:or beings
8542:of people
8524:of David)
8466:of Jesus)
8299:Al-Bukrah
8062:in Sheba)
7840:of Mecca)
7797:Monastery
7775:locations
7773:Religious
7730:Al-Jūdiyy
7423:Mentioned
7417:Locations
7330:Christian
7310:Believers
7295:Munāfiqūn
7258:Religious
7196:mentioned
7109:Stoneland
6985:Muhajirun
6763:Mentioned
6665:Abū Lahab
6660:As-Sāmirī
6650:(Goliath)
6616:Evil ones
6530:Zulaykhah
6486:People of
6373:Good ones
6173:Ulul-ʿAzm
6161:Zechariah
6157:Zakariyyā
5977:Dhūl-Kifl
5930:Mentioned
5776:(Michael)
5665:Zabāniyah
5642:Malāʾikah
5614:Honey bee
5186:cite book
5163:cite book
5128:cite book
5102:cite book
5069:cite book
5027:cite book
4980:cite book
4957:cite book
4919:cite book
4866:cite book
4843:cite book
4789:cite book
4764:Aarne, A.
4746:1573-6679
4695:1942-1273
4634:0393-6805
4226:0165-005X
4003:839396781
3964:1548-7458
3895:214474411
3837:. BRILL.
3797:Tekin, L.
3621:4 October
3569:pp. 29-33
2783:27 August
2573:. p. 462.
2536:Fee, C.R.
2391:Citations
2321:ORIGINAL:
2224:gahiliyya
2214:ORIGINAL:
2207:jahilliya
1996:firmament
1910:Murad III
1902:al-Shāmil
1872:Al-Ṭabasī
1753:, etc.).
1598:Cambridge
1517:Indonesia
1404:in 2012:
1303:dha'iyfah
1287:dha'iyfah
1058:Hanbalite
974:Māturīdīs
847:epistemic
748:bismillah
741:entitled
666:scorpions
282:Sargon II
234:scorpions
215:romanized
191:beliefs.
159:invisible
143:romanized
85:Shahnameh
8918:(Tender
8898:Tamarisk
8832:Cucumber
8750:(Stars)
8728:Al-Qamar
8693:Al-ʿUzzā
8540:Objects
8354:Qabl al-
8305:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ
8168:Doomsday
8096:al-Aḥzāb
7786:(Church)
7519:Al-Aḥqāf
7457:Jahannam
7450:Paradise
7057:Bedouins
6852:Qawm Lūṭ
6694:Abu Bakr
6524:Wife of
6513:Potiphar
6496:Binyāmin
6216:Al-Masīḥ
6188:Muḥammad
6125:Dhūn-Nūn
6069:Sulaymān
6007:(Elijah)
5919:Prophets
5835:Shayāṭīn
5793:(Genies)
5621:Qaswarah
5602:Wild ass
5580:(Female
5578:ʿAnkabūt
5501:elephant
5118:(1955).
4946:Archived
4935:(1968).
4770:(1973).
4496:page 376
4408:: 27–28.
4242:28563727
4234:23884906
4191:22226921
4183:24084761
4106:15 April
4100:Archived
3799:(1983).
3759:page 243
3728:25802775
3492:page 402
3301:page 170
3120:51:56-56
2996:43391301
2687:"genie,
2586:(1994).
2413:35600707
2331:mukallaf
2081:See also
2075:Buddhism
2069:As with
2008:Berakhot
1937:al-Bakhi
1877:muḥadīth
1628:epilepsy
1539:Thailand
1412:Country
1307:exorcism
1295:ضَعِيفَة
1267:Anatolia
1235:shayatin
1169:folklore
1137:Albanian
1123:Folklore
1105:—
1094:—
1081:by some
1062:mukallāf
1034:mukallāf
950:ibn Hazm
948:scholar
944:and the
940:scholar
899:thaqalān
894:abu Jann
857:Exegesis
837:, Quran
773:Muhammad
769:51:56-56
701:al-Aʿshā
662:chthonic
658:reptiles
629:Al-Jahiz
430:Augustus
426:Tiberius
335:مَجْنُون
322:Cognates
254:idolatry
242:exorcism
209:أَجْسَام
141:), also
102:Folklore
92:Grouping
74:Faramarz
8983:(Drink)
8969:(River)
8954:Liquids
8786:(Shoot)
8774:(Onion)
8734:Kawākib
8722:Maṣābīḥ
8667:Yaghūth
8403:Implied
8363:Al-Aṣīl
8313:Al-Layl
8197:Ramaḍān
8146:Jumuʿah
8010:Shaddad
7902:Arabia
7896:Antakya
7891:Antioch
7884:Implied
7828:Al-Aqsa
7763:Nineveh
7749:Babylon
7594:Ḥaraman
7564:(Hegra)
7561:Al-Ḥijr
7551:ʿArafāt
7545:Yathrib
7540:Madīnah
7370:Sabians
7306:Muslims
7275:Kāfirūn
7243:Khazraj
7094:Quraysh
6865:Tribes,
6787:Sabbath
6731:Shaddad
6704:Barṣīṣā
6637:Pharaoh
6633:Firʿawn
6330:Ṣamūʾīl
6317:Implied
6248:Abraham
6220:Messiah
6073:Solomon
6059:Shuʿayb
6031:Ishmael
6027:Ismāʿīl
5991:(Eber?)
5985:(Aaron)
5947:Al-Yasa
5884:Ghilmān
5760:Raphael
5756:Isrāfīl
5519:hud-hud
5469:Related
5462:Animals
4756:Sources
4475:page 31
4086:"Genie"
3863:Haunted
3611:"Genii"
3511:300-301
2333:seien."
2282:ʿabḳarī
2060:Palmyra
2035:of the
2027:Mastema
2012:Scolion
1967:Ašmodai
1898:al-Razi
1894:Ghazālī
1857:Jamshid
1853:Solomon
1743:ʿafārīt
1735:In the
1716:In the
1622:(OCD),
1429:Morocco
1259:Senegal
1247:shamans
1215:fairies
1193:Parvati
1181:deities
1153:Turkish
1145:Bosnian
1070:Ḥadīths
1021:sharīʿa
966:Ash'ari
938:Hanbalī
881:Quranic
821:in the
777:prophet
743:Al-Jinn
670:lizards
642:animals
615:Baalbek
611:Palmyra
468:Avestic
464:Persian
441:ginnaya
438:Aramaic
407:to the
393:جِنِّيّ
272:in the
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175:Muslims
171:beliefs
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8816:Lentil
8805:Fruits
8798:(Seed)
8740:Al-Arḍ
8717:bodies
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8464:Gospel
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8321:ʿIshāʾ
8280:Tasbīḥ
8274:Takbīr
8268:Taḥmīd
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7980:Canaan
7967:'Ariha
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6753:Groups
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6689:Abraha
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6469:Vizier
6459:Mother
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6324:Irmiyā
6303:Gideon
6285:Maryam
6280:Luqmān
6197:Other
6151:Joseph
6100:Yaʿqūb
6011:ʿImrān
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5808:ʿIfrīt
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2376:little
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2120:Qareen
2115:Nasnas
2095:Daemon
2071:asuras
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2045:shedim
2037:Tanakh
2032:Shedim
2004:Talmud
1933:lilith
1900:, the
1882:ḥadīth
1768:, the
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1171:) and
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1077:mawḍūʻ
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926:devils
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650:cattle
646:horses
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535:spirit
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351:جَنَّة
343:jannah
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310:Arabic
226:change
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157:, are
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5428:Allāh
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2992:JSTOR
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2754:p. 36
2483:[
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2174:Notes
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2152:Uthra
2105:Marid
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539:fairy
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524:genie
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490:genie
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193:Islam
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180:kafir
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4230:PMID
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4179:PMID
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4108:2012
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3428:2020
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2785:2017
2767:jinn
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