316:"residualistic, derogatory". He argued that using such terminology implies that there is "a pure element" to religion "which is in some way transformed, even contaminated, by its exposure to human communities". As a corrective, he suggested that scholars use "vernacular religion" as an alternative. Defining this term, Primiano stated that "vernacular religion" is, "by definition, religion as it is lived: as human beings encounter, understand, interpret, and practice it. Since religion inherently involves interpretation, it is impossible for the religion of an individual not to be vernacular".
329:
271:
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232:", thereby defining folk religion as "the deposit in culture of folk religiosity, the full range of folk attitudes to religion". His fifth and final definition represented a "practical working definition" that combined elements from these various other definitions. Thus, he summarized folk religion as "the totality of all those views and practices of religion that exist among the people apart from and alongside the strictly theological and liturgical forms of the official religion".
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355:". This article was designed to be read by young Lutheran preachers leaving the seminary, to equip them for the popular variants of Lutheranism that they would encounter among their congregations and which would differ from the official, doctrinal Lutheranism that they had been accustomed to. Although developing within a religious environment, the term came to be adopted by German academics in the field of
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312:, used the term as a synonym for ethnic religion (which is alternately known as national religion or tribal religion), meaning a religion closely tied to a particular ethnic or national group and is thus contrasted with a "universal religion" which cuts across ethnic and national boundaries. Among the scholars to have adopted this use of terminology are E. Wilbur Bock.
315:
The folklorist
Leonard Norman Primiano argued that the use of the term folk religion, as well as related terms like "popular religion" and "unofficial religion", by scholars, does an extreme disservice to the forms of religiosity that scholars are examining, because – in his opinion – such terms are
697:
and were regarded by the
Spanish as "myths" and "superstitions" in an effort to de-legitimize legitimate precolonial beliefs by forcefully replacing those native beliefs with colonial Catholic Christian myths and superstitions. Today, some of these precolonial beliefs are still held by Filipinos,
319:
Kapaló was critical of this approach, deeming it mistaken and arguing that switching from "folk religion" to "vernacular religion" results in the scholar "picking up a different selection of things from the world". He cautioned that both terms carried an "ideological and semantic load" and warned
203:
framework which understood folk religion as representing the survivals of older forms of religion; in this, it would constitute "the survivals, in an official religious context, of beliefs and behaviour inherited from earlier stages of the culture's development". This definition would view folk
845:
provided a definition of Jewish folk religion as consisting of ideas and practices that, whilst not meeting with the approval of religious leaders, enjoyed wide popularity such that they must be included in what he termed the field of religion. This included unorthodox beliefs about demons and
500:
This picture was taken at a
Malaysian Chinese home. This altar is dedicated to the three Pure Land sages, Avalokitesvara, and Sathya Sai Baba. On the left of the altar is a glass filled with rice. Joss sticks are stuck into it after the ancestors are invited to partake in the offering of food
487:
and institutionalised religion; he contrasted this with the situation in Europe, where historians of religion had devoted much time to studying folk religiosity. He also lamented that many U.S.-based folklorists also neglected the subject of religion because it did not fit within the standard
204:
religion in
Catholic Europe as the survivals of pre-Christian religion and the folk religion in Protestant Europe as the survivals of Medieval Catholicism. The second definition identified by Yoder was the view that folk religion represented the mixture of an official religion with forms of
426:
contrasted and examined the relationship between "folk religion" and "official religion" in a peasant community. Yoder later noted that although the earliest known usage of the term "folk religion" in the
English language was unknown, it probably developed as a translation of the German
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255:. Folk religion is defined as the beliefs, practices, rituals and symbols originating from sources other than the religion's leadership. Folk religion in many instances is tolerated by the religion's leadership, although they may consider it an error. A similar concept is
589:. Chinese folk religion is sometimes seen as a constituent part of Chinese traditional religion, but more often, the two are regarded as synonymous. With around 454 million adherents, or about 6.6% of the world population, Chinese folk religion is one of the
224:. The fourth definition provided by Yoder stated that folk religion represented the "folk interpretation and expression of religion". Noting that this definition would not encompass beliefs that were largely unconnected from organised religion, such as in
483:. Although the subject of folk religion fell within the remit of scholars operating in both folkloristics and religious studies, by 1974 Yoder noted that U.S.-based academics in the latter continued to largely ignore it, instead focusing on the study of
219:
Yoder's third definition was that often employed within folkloristics, which held that folk religion was "the interaction of belief, ritual, custom, and mythology in traditional societies", representing that which was often pejoratively characterised as
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into six major kinds and numerous minor kinds, in order to understand the expression of emotions among the Hindus. According to McDaniel, one of the major kinds is Folk
Hinduism, based on local ethnic traditions and tribal cults of local
997:
scriptures, while
Hinduism was associated with superstitious folk tradition. The folk tradition refers to the aspects of the Hindu tradition that exist in tension with the Sanskritic tradition based on textual authority. According to
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235:
Yoder described "folk religion" as existing "in a complex society in relation to and in tension with the organized religion(s) of that society. Its relatively unorganized character differentiates it from organized religion".
524:, exorcism of demonic forces, and a belief in the rational order of nature, balance in the universe and reality that can be influenced by human beings and their rulers, as well as spirits and gods. Worship is devoted to a
192:
characterized "folk religion" as either "religion which occurs in small, local communities which does not adhere to the norms of large systems" or "the appropriation of religious beliefs and practices at a popular level."
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has been acknowledged as one of the first to utilize anthropology to study Jewish folk religion. In particular he has drawn attention to the important role of the female divine element, which he sees in the goddess
243:
defined "folk religion" as "the relatively un-reflected aspect of ordinary practices and beliefs that are oriented towards, or productive of, something beyond the immediate here-and-now: everyday transcendence".
2921:
Nepstad, Sharon
Erickson (1996). "Popular Religion, Protest, and Revolt: The Emergence of Political Insurgency in the Nicaraguan and Salvadoran Churches of the 1960s–80s". In Smith, Christian (ed.).
2005:
Almocera, Ruel A., (2005) Popular
Filipino Spiritual Beliefs with a proposed Theological Response. in Doing Theology in the Philippines. Suk, John., Ed. Mandaluyong: OMF Literature Inc. Pp 78–98
857:(torture of the grave) a belief that the dead are tortured in their grave for three days after burial by demons until they remember their names. This idea began with early eschatological
585:, since over the centuries institutional Taoism has been attempting to assimilate or administer local religions. More accurately, Taoism emerged from and overlaps with folk religion and
1002:(1976), folk Hinduism is relevant in the urban context, but it is neglected in ethnographic studies due to its negative connotations with folk (rural masses, illiterate). According to
1820:
1936:
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Yoder noted that one problem with the use of the term folk religion was that it did not fit into the work of those scholars who used the term "religion" in reference solely to
343:, a German term which was used in reference to "the religious dimension of folk-culture, or the folk-cultural dimension of religion". This term was first employed by a German
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899:, magicians claimed to use unorthodox magical rituals to help people in everyday life. He points to the example of a relatively professionalised type of magician being the
895:, i.e. it is used to assist in protecting the individual from sickness, and misfortune. He emphasizes that while Rabbinical Judaism dealt with orthodox Jewish ritual, and
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821:
Christianity as impacted by superstition as practiced by certain geographical
Christian groups, and Christianity defined "in cultural terms without reference to the
1957:
1006:(1994), popular Hinduism is not degenerate textual Hinduism in light of ethnographic evidence, although the category of folk Hinduism remains tenuous. According to
3047:
1840:
941:– are ones that strengthen Jewish family and community integration. Liebman described the rituals and beliefs of contemporary Jewish folk religion in his works,
208:; this was employed to explain the place of folk religion in the syncretic belief systems of the Americas, where Christianity had blended with the religions of
714:
that incorporate native folk beliefs and practices. Folk Islam has been described as the Islam of the "urban poor, country people, and tribes", in contrast to
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240:
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Folk Christianity is defined differently by various scholars. Christianity as most people live it – a term used to "overcome the division of beliefs into
2642:"The Aryan Controversy Decided? Ancient India between the Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization (Review Essay on Asko Parpola's The Roots of Hinduism)"
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in the 18th century. These ba'alei shem promised to use their knowledge of the names of god, and the angels, along with exorcism, chiromancy, and
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399:, the latter of whom collected one of the largest collections of folk-religious art and material culture in Europe, later housed in Munich's
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Nash, June (1996). "Religious Rituals of Resistance and Class Consciousness in Bolivian Tin-Mining Communities". In Smith, Christian (ed.).
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A second problem with the use of the term folk religion that Yoder highlighted was that some scholars, particularly those operating in the
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116:, and similar mixtures of formal religions with folk cultures. In China, folk Protestantism had its origins with the Taiping Rebellion.
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The term "folk religion" is generally held to encompass two related but separate subjects. The first is the religious dimension of
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teachings about hierarchies of deities, to form the popular religious system which has lasted in many ways until the present day.
403:. Throughout the 20th century, many studies were made of folk religion in Europe, paying particular attention to such subjects as
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Writer Stephen Sharot has stated that Jewish popular religion in common with other forms of folk religion, has a focus on the
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The term folk religion came to be increasingly rejected in the 1990s and 2000s by scholars seeking more precise terminology.
1983:
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Varul, Matthias Zick (2015). "Consumerism as Folk Religion: Transcendence, Probation and Dissatisfaction with Capitalism".
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between two cultures with different stages of formal expression, such as the melange of African folk beliefs and
467:. Courses on the study of folk religion came to be taught at various universities in the United States, such as
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is their social ties to one another, illustrated by the finding that religious practices that would prevent
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argued that there were five separate ways of defining folk religion. The first was a perspective rooted in a
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970:. Folk Hinduism involves worship of deities which are not found in Hindu scriptures. It involves worship of
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Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities. Ed. by Mark Bassin and Catriona Kelly. Cambridge, 2012, pp. 321–340
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Religion and the Decline of Magic. Studies in popular beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth century England
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Primiano, Leonard Norman (1995). "Vernacular Religion and the Search for Method in Religious Folklife".
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Todos Santos in Rural Tlaxcala: A Syncretic, Expressive, and Symbolic Analysis of the Cult of the Dead.
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studying the syncretistic cultures of the Caribbean and Latin America. The pioneer in this field was
375:, all of whom had focused on religiosity within German peasant communities. Over the coming decades,
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of the faiths involved, to describe the desire of people who otherwise infrequently attend religious
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1984:"State, Society and Religious Engineering: Towards a Reformist Buddhism in Singapore. (Book Review)"
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Ritual Kinship: Ideological and Structural Integration of the Compadrazgo System in Rural Tlaxcala.
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Kononenko, Natalie "Vernacular religion on the prairies: negotiating a place for the unquiet dead,"
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ethnic groups up to the present day. The devotion includes the veneration of forces of nature and
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1863:"The Policy of Legitimation and the Revival of Popular Religion in Shaanbei, North-Central China"
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to bring harm to enemies, and success in areas of social life such as marriage, and childbirth.
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belief based on locality. These religions have their own priests, who worship regional deities.
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3066:: an account of the folk religion of children living in homeless shelters in Miami, circa 1997.
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Revolt against the Dead: The Modernization of a Mayan Community in the Highlands of Guatemala.
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The African Religions of Brazil: Toward a Sociology of the Interpenetration of Civilizations.
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693:. Some of these beliefs stem from pre-Christian religions that were especially influenced by
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2885:, Social Anthropology (2004), 12: 367–371 Cambridge University* Johnson, Paul Christopher.
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Islam In an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia
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154:, to have religious weddings or funerals, or (among Christians) to have their children
73:. The precise definition of folk religion varies among scholars. Sometimes also termed
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Sacred Trees of Khodzhi Baror: Phytolatry and the Cult of Female Deity in Central Asia
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to the many Jewish folk customs linked to mourning and in particular to the belief in
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Problematizing Received Categories: Revisiting ‘Folk Hinduism’ and ‘Sanskritization’
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Indigenous Philippine folk religions are the distinct native religions of various
301:. Yoder noted that scholars adopting these perspectives often preferred the term "
27:
Expressions of religion distinct from the official doctrines of organized religion
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100:, or the folk-cultural dimensions of religion. The second refers to the study of
31:
30:
For religions sometimes described as "folk religions" or "ethnic religions", see
2567:
Religion, Heritage and the Sustainable City: Hinduism and urbanisation in Jaipur
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637:
629:
609:
468:
452:
256:
252:
74:
5253:
4515:
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993:. Brahmanism was referred to as an intellectual, classical tradition based on
512:
traditions which have historically comprised the predominant belief system in
166:
9554:
9478:
9443:
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9146:
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4112:
3817:
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3192:
2771:
1878:
1134:
918:
864:
799:
707:
593:. In the People's Republic of China, more than 30% of the population follows
356:
278:
50:
5889:
3069:
3007:, UCP (1996), ch. 3: " Ambivalent Accommodations: Bhakti and Folk Hinduism".
2108:
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1154: – Non-mainstream philosophical movements which function like religions
933:– have been abandoned, whilst the practices that are followed – such as the
903:
of Poland, who beginning in the 16th century thrived with the popularity of
9513:
9453:
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9226:
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4063:
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3737:
3409:
3351:
3282:
3157:
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1208:
1166: – Folktales, myths, oral traditions, and legends of the Romani people
1035:
563:
274:
221:
146:
or similar religious society, and who have not made a formal profession of
97:
5583:
4270:
1265:
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1160: – Blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system
9448:
9256:
9241:
9216:
9141:
8811:
8786:
8776:
8754:
8681:
7277:
7252:
7076:
7044:
7035:
6981:
6911:
6896:
6789:
6680:
6341:
6289:
6077:
5795:
5775:
5615:
5556:
5294:
5290:
5113:
4633:
4581:
4551:
4388:
4242:
4134:
4058:
3923:
3859:
3810:
3366:
3222:
3115:
1181:
1121: – 40-day long festival held in the Mewar region of Rajasthan, India
971:
892:
849:
Later studies have emphasized the significance of the destruction of the
723:
600:
Despite being heavily suppressed during the last two centuries, from the
517:
391:. Other prominent academics involved in the study of the phenomenon were
344:
302:
229:
228:, he therefore altered this definition by including the concept of "folk
143:
6596:
6537:
5640:
5061:
4895:
4444:
1886:
1109: – Ethnic group whose members are also unified by a common religion
791:
756:
297:, who insisted that religion was organized in order to contrast it with
113:
9523:
9518:
9493:
9428:
9361:
9251:
8696:
7243:
7238:
7113:
7108:
7071:
7049:
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6886:
6881:
6722:
6712:
6675:
6279:
6057:
6005:
5745:
5390:
5370:
4948:
4873:
4812:
4576:
4556:
4477:
4129:
4097:
4068:
3847:
3842:
3827:
3507:
3436:
3361:
3320:
3310:
3240:
3230:
3142:
3125:
2857:
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2812:
2750:
2689:
1202:
1169:
1112:
1027:
990:
979:
975:
815:
551:
431:. One of the earliest prominent usages of the term was in the title of
404:
348:
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101:
6087:
4968:
3005:
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293:. He highlighted the example of the prominent sociologist of religion
9483:
9356:
9261:
8853:
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8583:
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6901:
6891:
6762:
6717:
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6635:
6483:
5950:
5872:
5832:
5822:
5785:
5760:
5740:
5635:
5501:
5355:
5345:
5117:
4975:
4785:
4770:
4735:
4718:
4700:
4613:
4393:
4309:
4288:
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4260:
4255:
4214:
4209:
4146:
4083:
4006:
3977:
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3822:
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2203:
2049:
1862:
1175:
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900:
873:
715:
555:
476:
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196:
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5610:
5184:
4938:
4878:
4797:
4705:
4692:
4670:
4650:
4628:
4623:
4603:
4543:
4510:
4449:
4293:
4278:
4156:
4117:
4073:
3864:
3801:
3705:
3608:
3356:
3335:
3300:
3100:
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484:
384:
175:
123:
90:
86:
82:
66:
320:
scholars to pay attention to the associations that each word had.
9191:
9121:
7262:
6866:
6831:
6752:
6665:
6606:
6510:
6213:
6067:
5817:
5770:
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5531:
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1011:
963:
930:
926:
896:
869:
858:
803:
682:
645:
501:
specially prepared for them on the Hungry Ghost festival prayers.
408:
339:
In Europe the study of "folk religion" emerged from the study of
155:
139:
3447:
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1685:
837:
In one of the first major academic works on the subject, titled
685:. Generally, these indigenous folk religions are referred to as
8676:
7175:
7054:
7039:
6858:
6747:
6732:
6690:
6468:
6346:
5620:
5375:
5365:
5019:
4980:
4822:
4430:
4400:
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5566:
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1837:"Return to folk religions brings about renewal in rural China"
9211:
8716:
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In the Americas, the study of folk religion developed among
353:
Religiöse Volkskunde, eine Aufgabe der praktischen Theologie
8597:
6796:
6685:
4638:
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1205: – Practices believed to use supernatural powers
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Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena
917:
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259:, the study of religion as practiced by believers.
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681:, where most follow belief systems in line with
185:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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2078:Ernest Gellner and Contemporary Social Thought
1794:"Over 10,000 Chinese Worship Huangdi in Henan"
383:while a similar department was established in
130:are examples of folk religion associated with
8568:
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1193: – Religion of the Turko-Mongolic steppe
1010:(1998), the folk religion is the religion of
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1103: – Curse brought by a malevolent glare
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925:– such as a strict interpretation of
550:of phenomena, of human behaviour, or
363:had been produced by the folklorists
3551:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
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937:, social rites of passage, and the
574:(one's own doing) and rebirth, and
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6947:Evolutionary origin of religion
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1018:speaking lower caste while the
846:angels, and magical practices.
832:
526:hierarchy of gods and immortals
108:that led to the development of
7298:Separation of church and state
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6952:Evolutionary psychology
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562:. By the 11th century (
89:; but outside official
9302:Cultural appropriation
9202:Lineage-bonded society
8010:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5996:Erzyan native religion
5845:Unitarian Universalism
5234:Native American Church
4012:Oneness Pentecostalism
3018:Thomas, Keith (1971).
2972:Panchenko, Aleksandr.
2467:sociology.iresearchnet
2198:Hinde, Robert (2009).
2076:; et al. (2007).
1197:Veneration of the dead
807:
502:
449:Folk Religion in Japan
336:
286:
179:
42:
9327:Ethnic interest group
9162:Ethnicity in censuses
9112:Cultural assimilation
8613:Ethnolinguistic group
8330:Saint Kitts and Nevis
7627:São Tomé and Príncipe
7487:Republic of the Congo
5693:Aboriginal Australian
4364:Chinese folk religion
3524:Chinese folk religion
3003:Stuart H. Blackburn,
2860:Blackburn, Stuart H.
2280:Rock, Stella (2007).
2113:Duke University Press
1775:. Npr.org. 2010-07-23
1042:Indo-Aryan times and
790:
506:Chinese folk religion
499:
492:Chinese folk religion
331:
310:sociology of religion
273:
201:cultural evolutionary
169:
142:, do not belong to a
120:Chinese folk religion
40:
9540:Minzu (anthropology)
9509:Separatist movements
9372:Ethnographic village
9197:Legendary progenitor
8832:Transidioethnography
8635:Hyphenated ethnicity
8630:Ethnographic realism
8623:Ethnoreligious group
7952:United Arab Emirates
6743:Religious experience
6117:Historical religions
4521:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
3853:Schwenkfelder Church
3010:Taylor, Lawrence J.
2332:InterVarsity Press,
2258:Islam in Modern Asia
2015:Cook, Chris (2009).
1158:Religious syncretism
1146:Prehistoric religion
1107:Ethnoreligious group
794:such as this one in
441:comparative religion
361:religiöse Volkskunde
341:religiöse Volkskunde
59:traditional religion
9571:Religious practices
9407:Multinational state
9402:Model minority myth
9289:Multiethnic society
9207:Linguistic homeland
8618:Ethnonational group
8345:Trinidad and Tobago
8240:Antigua and Barbuda
7408:Religion by country
6469:Cult of Magna Mater
4991:Philippine Dayawism
4572:Nimbarka Sampradaya
4320:Chinese Manichaeism
3992:Jehovah's Witnesses
3797:Proto-Protestantism
2867:Brintnal, Douglas.
2846:Badone, Ellen, ed.
2787:Yoder, Don (1974).
2140:Makris, JP (2006).
1030:is the religion of
851:Temple in Jerusalem
843:Joshua Trachtenberg
632:are worshippers of
606:Cultural Revolution
457:Greek Folk Religion
433:Joshua Trachtenberg
210:indigenous American
170:Shrine of Bixia at
63:vernacular religion
9387:Middleman minority
9347:Ethnic pornography
9342:Ethnic nationalism
9247:Pantribal sodality
9187:Imagined community
8712:Symbolic ethnicity
8640:Indigenous peoples
8608:Ethnographic group
8280:Dominican Republic
7326:Abrahamic prophets
6420:Proto-Indo-Iranian
4964:Aliran Kepercayaan
4167:Non-denominational
4089:Modernist Salafism
3775:Oriental Orthodoxy
3258:Luminous gemstones
3153:Personal narrative
3062:2013-11-03 at the
3057:"Myths over Miami"
3050:2011-06-10 at the
2980:2023-04-18 at the
2913:2021-04-20 at the
2881:Gellner, David N.
2839:Allen, Catherine.
1823:2010-07-20 at the
1125:Magic and religion
923:social integration
905:practical Kabbalah
808:
767:. You can help by
587:Chinese philosophy
503:
473:Indiana University
422:, whose 1930 book
337:
291:organized religion
287:
241:Matthias Zic Varul
180:
71:organized religion
43:
9548:
9547:
9469:Ethnic stereotype
9382:Indigenous rights
9367:Ethnographic film
9352:Ethnic theme park
9312:Dominant minority
9307:Diaspora politics
9297:Consociationalism
9232:National language
9117:Cultural identity
9107:Cross-race effect
9051:Aboriginal groups
8550:
8549:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8513:
7502:Equatorial Guinea
7398:
7397:
7394:
7393:
6937:Cognitive science
6556:
6555:
6489:Mysteries of Isis
6263:Frankish paganism
6106:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
5850:White Brotherhood
5716:
5715:
5681:
5680:
5025:Sundanese Wiwitan
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4567:Brahma Sampradaya
4529:
4528:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4310:Assianism/Uatsdin
4228:
4227:
3997:British Israelism
3983:Nontrinitarianism
3946:Plymouth Brethren
3941:Nondenominational
3875:Congregationalism
3763:Eastern Orthodoxy
3711:Reconstructionist
3575:
3574:
3546:Yao folk religion
3541:Tai folk religion
3445:
3444:
3029:978-0-297-00220-8
2951:978-0-415-91405-5
2932:978-0-415-91405-5
2448:978-0-19-517021-4
2308:. Boydell Press,
2267:978-81-7533-094-8
2256:Khan, IK (2006).
2242:978-0-8248-1957-6
2213:978-0-415-49761-9
2184:978-0-7486-3793-5
2155:978-1-4051-1603-9
2126:978-0-8223-0781-5
2091:978-0-521-70941-5
2074:Malešević, Siniša
2059:978-0-415-29796-7
2030:978-1-904671-71-8
1958:"苍南金乡玄坛庙成华夏第八财神庙"
1529:, pp. 15–16.
1493:, pp. 41–42.
1445:, pp. 10–11.
1355:, pp. 13–14.
1331:, pp. 12–13.
1275:978-90-04-29725-8
1262:Dunn, E. (2015).
1248:978-0-7546-4158-2
1092:Philosophy portal
974:(village deity),
785:
784:
738:Folk Christianity
706:Folk Islam is an
602:Taiping Rebellion
560:Chinese mythology
393:Heinrich Schauert
106:Roman Catholicism
77:, it consists of
47:religious studies
16:(Redirected from
9578:
9439:Ethnic cleansing
9434:Ethnic bioweapon
9317:Ethnic democracy
8926:Groups by region
8876:Ethnomethodology
8859:Ethnomathematics
8849:Ethnolinguistics
8745:Ethnoarchaeology
8577:
8570:
8563:
8554:
8553:
8540:
8530:
8529:
8408:Papua New Guinea
8383:Marshall Islands
8210:Northern Ireland
7415:
7414:
7404:
7403:
7288:Secular theology
7283:Secular humanism
6573:
6572:
6562:
6561:
6437:Ancestral Pueblo
6112:
6111:
5731:
5730:
5408:
5407:
4853:
4852:
4609:Shaiva Siddhanta
4540:
4539:
4473:Korean shamanism
4352:
4351:
4343:
4342:
4239:
4238:
4152:Mahdawi movement
4022:Swedenborgianism
4002:Christadelphians
3648:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3560:General concepts
3517:Asian traditions
3498:Folk Catholicism
3472:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3388:Folklore studies
3103:genres and types
3094:
3087:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3033:
2996:Sinha, Vineeta.
2989:Sinha, Vineeta.
2955:
2936:
2903:
2853:Bastide, Roger.
2827:
2825:
2824:
2793:Western Folklore
2783:
2754:
2731:Western Folklore
2725:
2712:
2693:
2654:
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2012:
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1997:
1995:
1990:, archived from
1979:
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1066:
1064:Mythology portal
1061:
1060:
1059:
1022:which comprises
968:Indian religions
780:
777:
759:
752:
744:Folk Catholicism
544:
535:
510:ethnic religious
334:Morden, Manitoba
324:Historical study
150:in a particular
21:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9580:
9579:
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9576:
9575:
9551:
9550:
9549:
9544:
9528:
9474:Ethnic violence
9422:
9420:ethnic conflict
9418:
9411:
9392:Minority rights
9332:Ethnic majority
9283:
9267:Detribalization
9222:Nation-building
9157:Ethnic religion
9100:
9096:
9086:
8993:Central America
8920:
8891:Ethnophilosophy
8886:Ethnomusicology
8864:Ethnostatistics
8822:Person-centered
8792:Autoethnography
8721:
8586:
8581:
8551:
8546:
8510:
8437:
8418:Solomon Islands
8354:
8226:
8130:North Macedonia
7971:
7696:
7409:
7390:
7351:Mass gatherings
7319:
7314:
7307:
7246:
7241:
7232:
7171:Religiocentrism
7151:National church
7019:
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7008:
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6853:
6775:Bodies of water
6567:
6552:
6337:Jamaican Maroon
6119:
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5861:
5854:
5725:
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5677:
5651:Trinidad Orisha
5436:
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5402:
5395:
5322:
5285:
5036:
5029:
4925:
4907:
4834:
4808:Srilankan Vedda
4759:
4687:
4562:Sri Vaishnavism
4525:
4487:
4459:
4417:
4324:
4298:
4265:
4224:
4178:
4103:Twelver Shi'ism
4045:
3907:Neo-charismatic
3880:Presbyterianism
3732:
3624:
3611:
3606:
3576:
3571:
3567:Lower mythology
3555:
3512:
3481:
3476:
3446:
3441:
3376:
3340:
3316:Folk instrument
3287:
3268:Old wives' tale
3253:Legend tripping
3217:
3162:
3104:
3098:
3064:Wayback Machine
3052:Wayback Machine
3041:
3036:
3030:
2982:Wayback Machine
2952:
2933:
2915:Wayback Machine
2901:
2835:
2833:Further reading
2830:
2822:
2820:
2805:10.2307/1498248
2743:10.2307/1499910
2709:
2682:10.2307/1384846
2663:
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2476:
2474:
2463:"Folk Hinduism"
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2196:
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2185:
2177:. p. 138.
2167:
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2156:
2146:Wiley-Blackwell
2138:
2134:
2127:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2084:. p. 189.
2071:
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2060:
2052:. p. 280.
2042:
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2013:
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1825:Wayback Machine
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1585:, pp. 3–4.
1581:
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1553:, pp. 2–3.
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1164:Romani folklore
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:Religion portal
1076:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1052:
955:
915:Charles Liebman
909:herbal medicine
855:hibbut ha-qever
835:
781:
775:
772:
765:needs expansion
750:
742:Main articles:
740:
704:
675:
669:
494:
463:'s reader, the
420:Robert Redfield
407:and the use of
377:Georg Schreiber
326:
268:
206:ethnic religion
164:
132:major religions
93:and practices.
35:
32:Ethnic religion
28:
23:
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15:
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5:
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9561:Folk religions
9546:
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9499:Indigenization
9496:
9491:
9489:Ethnosymbolism
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9466:
9461:
9459:Ethnic penalty
9456:
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9397:Model minority
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9377:Ethnopluralism
9374:
9369:
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9322:Ethnic enclave
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8881:Ethnomuseology
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8740:Ethnic studies
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8707:Supraethnicity
8704:
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8660:Minority group
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8655:Metroethnicity
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8650:Meta-ethnicity
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7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7706:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7423:
7421:
7411:
7410:
7400:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7322:
7320:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7293:Secularization
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7273:Deconstruction
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7126:Fundamentalism
7123:
7122:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7033:
7028:
7022:
7020:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6928:
6926:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6604:
6602:Call to prayer
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:Disaffiliation
6579:
6577:
6569:
6568:
6558:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6390:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6356:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6285:Greco-Buddhism
6282:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6245:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6015:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5866:
5864:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5728:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5646:Tambor de Mina
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5441:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5423:Guanche church
5414:
5412:
5405:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5328:Tibeto-Burmese
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5251:
5246:
5244:Nuu-chah-nulth
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5153:Muscogee Creek
5150:
5145:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5020:Sumbese Marapu
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4941:
4939:Batak Parmalim
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4861:
4859:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4750:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4548:
4546:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4349:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:Ilm-e-Khshnoom
4247:
4245:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:Bible Students
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:Restorationism
3955:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3914:Evangelicalism
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3656:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3626:
3625:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Folk Orthodoxy
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3331:Folk wrestling
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3176:Folk etymology
3172:
3170:
3168:Oral tradition
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3054:
3040:
3039:External links
3037:
3035:
3034:
3028:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2970:
2965:Nutini, Hugo.
2963:
2958:Nutini, Hugo.
2956:
2950:
2937:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2890:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2784:
2766:(4): 447–460.
2755:
2726:
2713:
2707:
2694:
2676:(2): 204–212.
2664:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2632:
2615:978-1139493581
2614:
2594:
2577:978-1135012694
2576:
2556:
2521:
2503:
2483:
2454:
2447:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2318:
2297:
2273:
2266:
2248:
2241:
2235:. p. 20.
2219:
2212:
2206:. p. 99.
2190:
2183:
2161:
2154:
2148:. p. 49.
2132:
2125:
2097:
2090:
2065:
2058:
2036:
2029:
2007:
1998:
1974:
1949:
1931:
1911:
1873:(2): 236–278.
1853:
1828:
1810:
1785:
1764:
1733:
1702:
1677:
1659:
1652:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1587:
1572:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1457:, p. 204.
1447:
1435:
1418:
1406:
1393:
1391:, p. 449.
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1304:
1292:
1274:
1254:
1247:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1152:Pseudoreligion
1149:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1081:
1067:
1051:
1048:
1020:Vedic Hinduism
1008:Michael Witzel
1000:M. N. Srinivas
954:
951:
939:High Holy Days
935:Passover Seder
893:thaumaturgical
834:
831:
800:folk medicines
783:
782:
762:
760:
748:Folk Orthodoxy
739:
736:
724:orthodox Islam
703:
700:
671:Main article:
668:
665:
630:Chinese people
626:Southern China
610:Mainland China
546:), who can be
493:
490:
469:John Messenger
461:Charles Leslie
453:Martin Nilsson
325:
322:
295:Émile Durkheim
267:
264:
257:lived religion
253:elite religion
163:
160:
75:popular belief
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9583:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9541:
9538:
9537:
9535:
9531:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9479:Ethnocentrism
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9444:Ethnic hatred
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9414:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9294:
9292:
9290:
9286:
9280:
9277:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9237:National myth
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9177:Folk religion
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9152:Ethnic origin
9150:
9148:
9147:Ethnic option
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9072:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9061:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9048:
9047:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9022:Northern Asia
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9008:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8998:South America
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8983:United States
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8936:
8935:
8932:
8931:
8929:
8927:
8923:
8917:
8916:Ethnotaxonomy
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8871:Ethnomedicine
8869:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8807:Institutional
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8789:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8765:Ethnomycology
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8724:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8692:Polyethnicity
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8672:Monoethnicity
8670:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8578:
8573:
8571:
8566:
8564:
8559:
8558:
8555:
8543:
8539:
8535:
8533:
8525:
8524:
8521:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8444:
8443:South America
8440:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8361:
8357:
8351:
8350:United States
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8233:
8232:North America
8229:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8090:Liechtenstein
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7974:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7699:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7542:Guinea-Bissau
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7405:
7401:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7366:Organizations
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7310:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7229:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7196:Vegetarianism
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7141:Homosexuality
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7011:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6962:Neurotheology
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6656:Folk religion
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6563:
6559:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:Imperial cult
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6113:
6109:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6048:Discordianism
6046:
6044:
6043:Anthroposophy
6041:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:Mari religion
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:Neo-Theosophy
5826:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5766:New Acropolis
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5719:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5411:North African
5409:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:Kwakwakaʼwakw
5173:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4913:Austroasiatic
4910:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4884:Vattisen Yaly
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4803:Kirat Mundhum
4801:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
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4756:
4755:
4751:
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4709:
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4359:
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4344:
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4339:
4335:
4321:
4318:
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4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4257:
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4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:Milah Abraham
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
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4087:
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4077:
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4065:
4062:
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4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3947:
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3939:
3935:
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3927:
3925:
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3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
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3890:
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3883:
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3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
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3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
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3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:Protestantism
3816:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3752:
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3743:
3741:
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3735:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3598:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3479:Folk religion
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3278:Silver bullet
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:Folk religion
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Nursery rhyme
3191:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2708:9780191727221
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2643:
2636:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2338:0-8308-1524-4
2335:
2331:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2314:1-84383-014-0
2311:
2307:
2301:
2294:
2293:0-415-31771-1
2290:
2286:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2002:
1994:on 2012-11-05
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1964:on 2011-07-07
1963:
1959:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1932:9780804767651
1928:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1754:on 2013-11-01
1750:
1743:
1737:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1653:9781478609896
1649:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1505:, p. 44.
1504:
1503:Primiano 1995
1499:
1492:
1491:Primiano 1995
1487:
1481:, p. 39.
1480:
1479:Primiano 1995
1475:
1469:, p. 38.
1468:
1467:Primiano 1995
1463:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1433:, p. 10.
1432:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1379:, p. 11.
1378:
1373:
1367:, p. 14.
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1343:, p. 13.
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1319:, p. 12.
1318:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:Popular piety
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:pre-rig vedic
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:speaking and
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
953:Folk Hinduism
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:American Jews
916:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
865:Raphael Patai
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
779:
770:
766:
763:This section
761:
758:
754:
753:
749:
745:
735:
733:
729:
726:as well, and
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:umbrella term
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
664:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:of lineages.
553:
549:
545:
539:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
498:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:'s 1939 work
434:
430:
429:Volksreligion
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:Werner Boette
366:
365:Josef Weigert
362:
358:
357:folkloristics
354:
350:
346:
342:
335:
330:
321:
317:
313:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
280:
279:San La Muerte
276:
272:
263:
260:
258:
254:
250:
245:
242:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
217:
216:communities.
215:
211:
207:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
186:
177:
173:
168:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:folk religion
52:
51:folkloristics
48:
39:
33:
19:
9514:Xenocentrism
9464:Ethnic slurs
9454:Ethnic party
9417:Ideology and
9337:Ethnic media
9279:White ethnic
9272:Neotribalism
9227:Nation state
9176:
9167:Ethnofiction
9098:ethnogenesis
9069:
9062:
9043:
9012:Central Asia
9004:
8957:
8950:
8933:
8906:Ethnoscience
8896:Ethnopoetics
8844:Ethnohistory
8782:Ethnogeology
8770:Ethnozoology
8760:Ethnoecology
8750:Ethnobiology
8735:Anthropology
8687:Panethnicity
8603:Ethnic group
7947:Turkmenistan
7907:Saudi Arabia
7652:South Africa
7642:Sierra Leone
7447:Burkina Faso
7356:Names of God
7303:Unaffiliated
7258:Antireligion
7119:Universalism
7067:Assimilation
6932:Anthropology
6807:Supernatural
6802:Spirituality
6770:Sacred space
6758:Purification
6655:
6631:Denomination
6585: /
6393:Paleo-Balkan
6359:Mesopotamian
6199:Cook Islands
6170:Old Prussian
6083:UFO religion
6022:
6018:Zalmoxianism
5946:Neoshamanism
5803:Spiritualism
5686:Other ethnic
5575:
5401:Traditional
5361:Bongthingism
5259:Acoma Pueblo
5202:Mesoamerican
4931:Austronesian
4752:
4748:Neo-Buddhism
4680:
4676:Neo-Hinduism
4597:Swaminarayan
4435:
4384:Salvationist
4369:Confucianism
4220:Samaritanism
4190:Ali-Illahism
4171:
4038:
4032:Unitarianism
3973:Old Catholic
3780:Nestorianism
3738:Christianity
3725:
3691:Conservative
3486:Christianity
3478:
3410:Storytelling
3402:
3352:Cunning folk
3283:Weather lore
3235:
3158:Urban legend
3019:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2941:
2922:
2902:(in Russian)
2897:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2821:. Retrieved
2796:
2792:
2763:
2759:
2737:(1): 37–56.
2734:
2730:
2721:
2717:
2698:
2673:
2669:
2646:. Retrieved
2635:
2624:. Retrieved
2604:
2597:
2586:. Retrieved
2566:
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2524:
2513:. Retrieved
2493:
2486:
2475:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2438:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2326:
2321:
2300:
2281:
2276:
2257:
2251:
2228:
2222:
2199:
2193:
2170:
2164:
2141:
2135:
2107:
2100:
2077:
2068:
2045:
2039:
2016:
2010:
2001:
1992:the original
1987:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1952:
1941:. Retrieved
1921:
1914:
1903:. Retrieved
1870:
1867:Modern China
1866:
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1831:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1749:the original
1736:
1725:. Retrieved
1705:
1694:. Retrieved
1680:
1669:
1667:"Religion",
1662:
1643:
1637:
1632:, p. 9.
1625:
1620:, p. 6.
1613:
1608:, p. 5.
1570:, p. 3.
1546:
1541:, p. 2.
1534:
1522:
1517:, p. 9.
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1416:, p. 4.
1409:
1401:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1295:
1284:. Retrieved
1264:
1257:
1238:
1209:Witch doctor
1044:Indus valley
1036:Asko Parpola
1004:Chris Fuller
988:
956:
946:
942:
927:dietary laws
913:
886:
863:
854:
848:
838:
836:
833:Folk Judaism
820:
809:
773:
769:adding to it
764:
728:perennialism
705:
690:
686:
676:
656:
654:
642:Black Dragon
599:
580:
541:
504:
464:
456:
448:
436:
428:
423:
413:
397:Rudolf Kriss
360:
352:
340:
338:
318:
314:
307:
288:
275:Gauchito Gil
261:
246:
238:
234:
222:superstition
218:
195:
183:
181:
118:
98:folk culture
95:
81:or regional
62:
58:
54:
44:
9449:Ethnic joke
9257:Tribal name
9242:Origin myth
9217:Mythomoteur
9142:Ethnic flag
9127:Development
8812:Netnography
8787:Ethnography
8777:Ethnocinema
8755:Ethnobotany
8682:Nationality
8398:New Zealand
8335:Saint Lucia
8285:El Salvador
8190:Switzerland
8125:Netherlands
7897:Philippines
7825:South Korea
7820:North Korea
7710:Afghanistan
7657:South Sudan
7547:Ivory Coast
7331:Deification
7278:Objectivism
7253:Agnosticism
7211:Persecution
7201:Video games
7166:Populations
7077:Proselytism
7045:Monasticism
7036:Clericalism
7026:Agriculture
7017:and society
6982:Soteriology
6942:Comparative
6912:Transtheism
6897:Panentheism
6681:Monasticism
6474:Gallo-Roman
6376:Micronesian
6342:Manichaeism
6290:Hermeticism
6258:Continental
6253:Anglo-Saxon
6133:Paleolithic
6128:Prehistoric
6078:Scientology
5941:Italo-Roman
5796:Radha Soami
5776:New Thought
5616:Espiritismo
5557:Waaqeffanna
5497:Fon and Ewe
5435:Sub-Saharan
5318:Satsana Phi
5114:Ghost Dance
5072:Californian
5050:Anishinaabe
4981:Karo Pemena
4960:Indonesian
4634:Lingayatism
4582:Mahanubhava
4552:Vaishnavism
4483:Jeungsanism
4406:Folk Taoism
4389:Xiantiandao
4243:Zoroastrian
3902:Charismatic
3897:Pentecostal
3860:Anglicanism
3811:Waldensians
3746:Catholicism
3367:Folk healer
3223:Folk belief
3116:Animal tale
2799:(1): 1–15.
2648:26 November
2644:. p. 6
1527:Kapaló 2013
1515:Kapaló 2013
1414:Kapaló 2013
1300:Bowker 2003
1182:Stregoneria
972:Gramadevata
945:(1973) and
776:August 2024
644:worship in
597:or Taoism.
564:Song period
552:progenitors
518:Han Chinese
445:Ichiro Hori
389:Hanns Koren
303:folk belief
285:folk saints
277:(left) and
230:religiosity
190:John Bowker
126:, and folk
9555:Categories
9524:Xenophobia
9519:Xenophilia
9494:Indigenism
9429:Allophilia
9362:Ethnocracy
9252:Statistext
9182:Historical
9075:Indigenous
9027:South Asia
8963:Indigenous
8697:Population
8388:Micronesia
8265:Costa Rica
8160:San Marino
8120:Montenegro
8100:Luxembourg
7957:Uzbekistan
7932:Tajikistan
7837:Kyrgyzstan
7810:Kazakhstan
7760:East Timor
7730:Bangladesh
7720:Azerbaijan
7637:Seychelles
7602:Mozambique
7587:Mauritania
7572:Madagascar
7462:Cape Verde
7244:irreligion
7239:Secularism
7146:Minorities
7114:Toleration
7109:Syncretism
7094:Fanaticism
7084:Disability
7072:Missionary
7062:Conversion
7050:Ordination
6972:Psychology
6967:Philosophy
6907:Polytheism
6887:Monotheism
6882:Henotheism
6723:Orthopraxy
6713:Ordination
6676:Meditation
6671:Indigenous
6636:Entheogens
6621:Conversion
6447:Pueblo III
6364:Babylonian
6354:Melanesian
6280:Gnosticism
6165:Lithuanian
6058:Fourth Way
5912:Circassian
5890:Dievturība
5813:Tensegrity
5746:Falun Gong
5391:Sanamahism
5371:Donyi-Polo
5003:Polynesian
4949:Kaharingan
4874:Burkhanism
4813:Ravidassia
4791:Śvetāmbara
4577:Pushtimarg
4557:Krishnaism
4493:Vietnamese
4478:Cheondoism
4411:Yao Taoism
4347:East Asian
4113:Isma'ilism
4069:Maturidism
3848:Mennonites
3843:Hutterites
3828:Anabaptism
3721:Humanistic
3508:Folk saint
3437:Vernacular
3362:Folk devil
3321:Folk music
3311:Folk dance
3241:Folk saint
3231:Birthstone
3143:Tall tales
3126:Fairy tale
2823:2022-04-12
2724:(1): 3–18.
2626:2023-01-04
2588:2023-01-04
2515:2022-08-01
2504:0691089523
2477:2020-02-07
2287:Routledge
2115:. p.
1968:2011-11-20
1943:2011-11-20
1905:2017-08-31
1847:2011-11-20
1804:2011-11-20
1779:2011-11-20
1758:2011-11-20
1727:2011-11-20
1696:2011-11-20
1630:Yoder 1974
1618:Yoder 1974
1606:Yoder 1974
1583:Yoder 1974
1568:Yoder 1974
1551:Yoder 1974
1539:Yoder 1974
1443:Yoder 1974
1431:Yoder 1974
1389:Varul 2015
1377:Yoder 1974
1365:Yoder 1974
1353:Yoder 1974
1341:Yoder 1974
1329:Yoder 1974
1317:Yoder 1974
1286:2024-08-28
1217:References
1203:Witchcraft
1170:Sanamahism
1113:Folk saint
1028:Upanishads
991:Brahmanism
980:polytheist
976:Kuladevata
889:apotropaic
823:theologies
812:mainstream
732:syncretism
702:Folk Islam
620:, such as
516:and among
479:'s at the
405:pilgrimage
349:Paul Drews
347:preacher,
226:witchcraft
162:Definition
102:syncretism
18:Folk Islam
9484:Ethnocide
9357:Ethnoburb
9262:Tribalism
9045:Australia
9037:West Asia
9017:East Asia
8988:Caribbean
8973:Greenland
8854:Ethnology
8727:Ethnology
8665:Influence
8584:Ethnicity
8506:Venezuela
8451:Argentina
8368:Australia
8320:Nicaragua
8295:Guatemala
8095:Lithuania
7917:Sri Lanka
7912:Singapore
7892:Palestine
7780:Indonesia
7770:Hong Kong
7592:Mauritius
7313:Overviews
7268:Criticism
7216:Terrorism
7191:Theocracy
7136:Happiness
7104:Pluralism
7089:Education
7015:Religion
6987:Salvation
6977:Sociology
6922:Religious
6902:Pantheism
6892:Nontheism
6785:Mountains
6763:Sacrifice
6718:Orthodoxy
6708:Mythology
6703:Mysticism
6592:Behaviour
6501:Canaanite
6484:Mithraism
6452:Pueblo IV
6442:Pueblo II
6347:Mazdakism
6322:Hungarian
6295:Mysteries
6204:Dravidian
5986:Hungarian
5902:Caucasian
5873:Godianism
5833:Agni Yoga
5823:Theosophy
5786:Rastafari
5761:Modekngei
5741:Brahmoism
5734:Syncretic
5726:movements
5724:religious
5636:Quimbanda
5584:Candomblé
5577:Diasporic
5356:Bathouism
5346:Benzhuism
5271:Tsimshian
5222:Purépecha
5143:Longhouse
5118:Sun Dance
5067:Blackfoot
4986:Malaysian
4976:Kapitayan
4786:Digambara
4771:Ayyavazhi
4736:Vajrayana
4701:Theravada
4614:Ganapatya
4587:Ramanandi
4516:Hoahaoism
4394:Yiguandao
4289:Yarsanism
4284:Shabakism
4271:Yazdânism
4261:Zurvanism
4256:Mazdaznan
4215:Rastafari
4210:Mandaeism
4084:Wahhabism
4064:Ash'arism
4027:Tolstoyan
4017:Spiritual
4007:Mormonism
3978:Judaizers
3951:Quakerism
3929:Methodist
3919:Irvingism
3870:Calvinism
3823:Adventism
3806:Moravians
3643:Abrahamic
3503:Mormonism
3420:Knowledge
3415:Tradition
3372:Folk hero
3326:Folk play
3306:Folk epic
3293:Folk arts
3263:Mythology
3248:Ghostlore
3213:Word game
3109:Narrative
2780:148255400
2204:Routledge
2050:Routledge
1895:144130739
1455:Bock 1966
1176:Shamanism
1046:culture.
1016:Dravidian
984:animistic
901:Baal Shem
874:Shekhinah
827:histories
816:heterodox
792:Botánicas
691:Bathalism
655:The term
652:worship.
640:worship,
570:ideas of
522:ancestors
477:Don Yoder
373:Max Rumpf
283:Argentine
249:sociology
197:Don Yoder
172:Mount Tai
83:religious
9504:Nativism
9172:Ethnonym
9137:Ethnarch
9093:Identity
9080:European
8958:Americas
8802:Critical
8797:Clinical
8591:Concepts
8532:Category
8496:Suriname
8486:Paraguay
8471:Colombia
8378:Kiribati
8305:Honduras
8275:Dominica
8250:Barbados
8215:Scotland
8175:Slovenia
8170:Slovakia
8145:Portugal
8015:Bulgaria
7937:Thailand
7887:Pakistan
7867:Mongolia
7862:Maldives
7857:Malaysia
7745:Cambodia
7692:Zimbabwe
7667:Tanzania
7517:Ethiopia
7512:Eswatini
7492:Djibouti
7457:Cameroon
7442:Botswana
7386:Timeline
7381:Scholars
7341:Founders
7206:Violence
7161:Politics
7031:Business
6994:Theology
6738:Prophecy
6728:Paganism
6616:Covenant
6583:Apostasy
6518:Scythian
6459:Rapa Nui
6413:Thracian
6408:Illyrian
6398:Albanian
6369:Sumerian
6312:Harappan
6248:Germanic
6243:Georgian
6236:Selk'nam
6221:Etruscan
6209:Egyptian
6187:Druidism
6150:Armenian
6073:Satanism
6053:Eckankar
5976:Estonian
5961:Romanian
5951:Ossetian
5931:Germanic
5880:Armenian
5869:African
5862:paganism
5791:Sant Mat
5781:Rajneesh
5756:Meivazhi
5751:Japanese
5708:Siberian
5641:Santería
5611:Convince
5477:Bushongo
5381:Kiratism
5308:Hmongism
5185:Wocekiye
5170:Jivaroan
5138:Iroquois
5133:Ho-Chunk
5094:Cherokee
5037:American
5008:Hawaiian
4921:Sarnaism
4891:Tungusic
4879:Tengrism
4869:Mongolic
4798:Sarnaism
4729:Nichiren
4706:Mahayana
4693:Buddhism
4671:Sant Mat
4661:Sauraism
4656:Smartism
4651:Shaktism
4644:Balinese
4629:Kaumaram
4624:Kapalika
4619:Kashmiri
4604:Shaivism
4544:Hinduism
4511:Caodaism
4455:Ryukyuan
4450:Tenrikyo
4445:Shugendō
4423:Japanese
4294:Yazidism
4279:Ishikism
4157:Quranism
4130:Khawarij
4079:Salafism
4074:Atharism
3963:Esoteric
3934:Holiness
3924:Lutheran
3885:Reformed
3865:Baptists
3838:Brethren
3802:Hussites
3790:Assyrian
3706:Haymanot
3660:Orthodox
3609:Religion
3425:Medicine
3381:See also
3357:Fakelore
3336:Foodways
3301:Folk art
3101:Folklore
3060:Archived
3048:Archived
2978:Archived
2911:Archived
2817:Archived
2620:Archived
2582:Archived
2549:21 April
2543:Archived
2509:Archived
2471:Archived
1937:Archived
1899:Archived
1887:20062608
1841:Archived
1821:Archived
1798:Archived
1718:Archived
1690:Archived
1280:Archived
1191:Tengrism
1101:Evil eye
1050:See also
1032:Sanskrit
995:Sanskrit
959:Hinduism
929:and the
878:Matronit
716:orthodox
695:Hinduism
650:Cai Shen
568:Buddhist
485:theology
385:Salzburg
345:Lutheran
176:Shandong
156:baptised
124:Hinduism
114:Santería
91:doctrine
87:religion
67:religion
9533:Related
9192:Kinship
9132:Endonym
9122:Demonym
9070:Oceania
8827:Salvage
8501:Uruguay
8476:Ecuador
8456:Bolivia
8433:Vanuatu
8360:Oceania
8310:Jamaica
8290:Grenada
8245:Bahamas
8205:England
8195:Ukraine
8150:Romania
8110:Moldova
8070:Ireland
8065:Iceland
8060:Hungary
8050:Germany
8040:Finland
8035:Estonia
8030:Denmark
8025:Czechia
8020:Croatia
8005:Belgium
8000:Belarus
7995:Austria
7990:Andorra
7985:Albania
7962:Vietnam
7872:Myanmar
7847:Lebanon
7765:Georgia
7725:Bahrain
7715:Armenia
7677:Tunisia
7647:Somalia
7632:Senegal
7617:Nigeria
7607:Namibia
7597:Morocco
7562:Liberia
7557:Lesotho
7507:Eritrea
7477:Comoros
7452:Burundi
7427:Algeria
7371:Outline
7336:Deities
7263:Atheism
7181:Science
7099:Freedom
6957:History
6924:studies
6877:Dualism
6867:Animism
6832:Worship
6812:Symbols
6753:Liturgy
6666:Goddess
6626:Deities
6607:Laicism
6597:Beliefs
6576:Aspects
6548:Zapotec
6543:Vainakh
6511:Yahwism
6496:Semitic
6425:Iranian
6327:Hurrian
6317:Hittite
6307:Guanche
6300:Orphism
6231:Fuegian
6226:Finnish
6214:Atenism
6160:Latvian
6145:Arabian
6088:Raëlism
6068:Jediism
6063:Goddess
6036:De novo
5924:Druidry
5818:Thelema
5771:New Age
5656:Umbanda
5547:Tumbuka
5532:Odinala
5517:Lugbara
5437:African
5403:African
5351:Bimoism
5341:Burmese
5197:Mapuche
5163:Wyandot
5123:Guarani
5104:Choctaw
5099:Chilote
5045:Abenaki
4996:Tagalog
4969:Kejawèn
4818:Sikhism
4781:Jainism
4741:Tibetan
4724:Amidism
4592:Warkari
4506:Đạo Mẫu
4356:Chinese
4338:Eastern
4315:Roshani
4234:Iranian
4142:Alevism
4135:Ibadism
4108:Zaydism
3785:Ancient
3756:Eastern
3716:Renewal
3701:Karaite
3682:Zionist
3670:Hasidic
3652:Judaism
3634:Western
3345:Society
3198:Proverb
3148:Parable
2813:1498248
2751:1499910
2690:1384846
2661:Sources
2021:RCPsych
1012:Prakrit
964:deities
931:Sabbath
897:Halakha
870:Asherah
859:aggadah
804:amulets
687:Anitism
683:animism
657:Shenism
646:Shaanxi
638:Huangdi
622:Mazuism
604:to the
556:Stories
548:deities
530:Chinese
409:shrines
214:African
140:worship
9064:Europe
8978:Mexico
8968:Canada
8952:Africa
8817:Online
8677:Nation
8542:Portal
8481:Guyana
8461:Brazil
8428:Tuvalu
8325:Panama
8315:Mexico
8260:Canada
8255:Belize
8185:Sweden
8165:Serbia
8155:Russia
8140:Poland
8135:Norway
8115:Monaco
8085:Latvia
8080:Kosovo
8055:Greece
8045:France
7977:Europe
7942:Turkey
7927:Taiwan
7832:Kuwait
7805:Jordan
7795:Israel
7755:Cyprus
7740:Brunei
7735:Bhutan
7687:Zambia
7682:Uganda
7622:Rwanda
7577:Malawi
7537:Guinea
7527:Gambia
7432:Angola
7419:Africa
7228:Wealth
7176:Schism
7131:Growth
7055:Priest
7040:Clergy
6859:Theism
6842:Nature
6837:Astral
6780:Groves
6748:Ritual
6733:Prayer
6691:Novice
6641:Ethnic
6566:Topics
6538:Urartu
6533:Tongan
6528:Somali
6523:Slavic
6403:Dacian
6182:Celtic
6177:Basque
6155:Baltic
6006:Udmurt
5971:Uralic
5966:Slavic
5919:Celtic
5907:Abkhaz
5895:Romuva
5885:Baltic
5860:Modern
5703:Papuan
5666:Voodoo
5621:Kumina
5562:Yoruba
5552:Urhobo
5522:Maasai
5507:Lotuko
5455:Baluba
5445:Akamba
5418:Berber
5376:Heraka
5366:Dongba
5254:Pueblo
5249:Pawnee
5239:Navajo
5229:Muisca
5192:Lenape
5180:Lakota
5158:Seneca
5148:Mohawk
5082:Ohlone
5062:Apache
5055:Ojibwe
5035:Native
4901:Manchu
4896:Evenki
4857:Altaic
4848:Ethnic
4823:Khalsa
4776:Kalash
4666:Śrauta
4535:Indian
4465:Korean
4431:Shinto
4401:Taoism
4374:Luoism
4200:Baháʼí
4195:Bábism
4147:Ahmadi
4125:Sufism
4118:Alawis
3768:Church
3696:Reform
3677:Modern
3665:Haredi
3273:Ritual
3208:Saying
3203:Riddle
3138:Legend
3026:
2948:
2929:
2811:
2778:
2749:
2705:
2688:
2612:
2574:
2501:
2445:
2336:
2312:
2291:
2264:
2239:
2210:
2181:
2152:
2123:
2088:
2056:
2027:
1929:
1893:
1885:
1673:, 2011
1650:
1272:
1245:
1119:Gavari
882:Lilith
880:, and
876:, the
872:, the
648:, and
614:Taiwan
583:Taoism
576:Taoist
540::
538:pinyin
532::
471:'s at
459:, and
381:Munich
371:, and
144:church
136:clergy
79:ethnic
9212:Mores
8934:World
8837:Video
8717:Tribe
8466:Chile
8423:Tonga
8413:Samoa
8403:Palau
8393:Nauru
8300:Haiti
8220:Wales
8180:Spain
8105:Malta
8075:Italy
7967:Yemen
7922:Syria
7902:Qatar
7877:Nepal
7852:Macau
7815:Korea
7800:Japan
7775:India
7750:China
7662:Sudan
7612:Niger
7567:Libya
7552:Kenya
7532:Ghana
7522:Gabon
7497:Egypt
7437:Benin
7346:Index
7317:lists
7186:State
7004:Women
6872:Deism
6847:Place
6827:Water
6822:Truth
6790:Trees
6646:Faith
6611:Laity
6506:Punic
6464:Roman
6430:Vedic
6388:Olmec
6275:Greek
6268:Norse
6192:Irish
6013:Wicca
5808:Subud
5698:Inuit
5671:Winti
5661:Vodou
5626:Obeah
5606:Comfa
5589:Bantu
5542:Serer
5527:Mbuti
5487:Dogon
5482:Dinka
5465:Kongo
5460:Bantu
5386:Qiang
5217:Olmec
5207:Aztec
5128:Haida
5077:Miwok
5013:Māori
4944:Dayak
4865:Turko
4828:Sects
4764:Other
4719:Thiền
4303:Other
4205:Druze
4183:Other
4059:Sunni
4051:Islam
3833:Amish
3751:Latin
3430:Story
3181:False
3121:Fable
2809:JSTOR
2776:S2CID
2747:JSTOR
2686:JSTOR
1891:S2CID
1883:JSTOR
1752:(PDF)
1745:(PDF)
1721:(PDF)
1714:(PDF)
1024:Vedas
891:, or
712:Islam
572:karma
514:China
299:magic
152:creed
148:faith
128:Islam
110:Vodun
61:, or
9006:Asia
8702:Race
8598:Clan
8491:Peru
8373:Fiji
8270:Cuba
7882:Oman
7842:Laos
7790:Iraq
7785:Iran
7702:Asia
7672:Togo
7582:Mali
7472:Chad
7315:and
7242:and
6817:Text
6797:Soul
6686:Monk
6651:Fire
6332:Inca
6140:Ainu
6024:list
6001:Sámi
5631:Palo
5599:Ketu
5594:Jejé
5512:Lozi
5492:Efik
5470:Zulu
5450:Akan
5303:Ahom
5295:Miao
5293:and
5281:Zuni
5264:Hopi
5212:Maya
5109:Crow
5087:Pomo
4754:list
4711:Chan
4682:list
4639:Nath
4437:list
4173:list
4098:Shia
4040:list
3727:list
3188:Joke
3131:list
3024:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2650:2022
2610:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2551:2022
2499:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2310:ISBN
2289:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2237:ISBN
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