Shahnameh - Knowledge

6337: 670: 1744: 883: 329: 1060: 2426: 2403: 3834:, ed. Speros Vryonis, Jr. Undena Publications, 1975. pp. 107–26. "In fact as much as early rulers felt themselves to be Turks, they connected their Turkish origin not with Turkish tribal history but rather with the Turan of Shahnameh: in the second generation their children bear the name of Firdosi’s heroes, and their Turkish lineage is invariably traced back to Afrasiyab—whether we read Barani in the fourteenth century or the Urdu master poet Ghalib in the nineteenth century. The poets, and through them probably most of the educated class, felt themselves to be the last outpost tied to the civilized world by the thread of Iranianism. The imagery of poetry remained exclusively Persian. " 1161: 6754: 705: 2530:, predating the Mongol invasion and the following destruction of important libraries and manuscript collections. Using it as the chief text, Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh began the preparation of a new critical edition in 1990. The number of manuscripts that were consulted during the preparation of Khaleghi-Motlagh edition goes beyond anything attempted by the Moscow team. The critical apparatus is extensive and a large number of variants for many parts of the poem were recorded. The last volume was published in 2008, bringing the eight-volume enterprise to a completion. According to 6351: 1334: 165: 1769: 511: 7066: 2449: 7056: 6682: 1577: 313: 963: 38: 2166: 696:, the argument goes, is largely his effort to preserve the memory of Persia's golden days and transmit it to a new generation, so that, by learning from it, they could acquire the knowledge needed to build a better world. Although most scholars have contended that Ferdowsi's main concern was the preservation of the pre-Islamic legacy of myth and history, a number of authors have formally challenged this view. 6344: 1673:

has been conquered, subjugated and even destroyed by enemies, there is always a certain national core preserved in its character, and before you know it, there re-emerges a long-familiar native phenomenon. In this sense, it would be pleasant to learn about the most ancient Persians and quickly follow them up to the present day at an all the more free and steady pace.

2484:. In 1808 Mathew Lumsden (1777–1835) undertook the work of an edition of the poem. The first of eight planned volumes was published in Kolkata in 1811. But Lumsden didn't finish any further volumes. In 1829 Turner Macan published the first complete edition of the poem. It was based on a comparison of 17 manuscript copies. 4195: 1672:

When we turn our attention to a peaceful, civilized people, the Persians, we must—since it was actually their poetry that inspired this work—go back to the earliest period to be able to understand more recent times. It will always seem strange to the historians that no matter how many times a country

2124:

are dedicated to Alexander, running over 2,500 verses in total, and Alexander's life is the work's turning point between mythic and historical rulers of Persia. It also represents a turning point of Persian-language representations of Alexander, from negative in pre-Islamic Zoroastrian writings to

601:

contained historical information on the later Sasanian period, but it does not appear to have drawn on any historical sources for the earlier Sasanian period (3rd to 4th centuries). Ferdowsi added material continuing the story to the overthrow of the Sasanians by the Muslim armies in the middle of

1440:

Distinguished scholars of Persian such as Gvakharia and Todua are well aware that the inspiration derived from the Persian classics of the ninth to the twelfth centuries produced a 'cultural synthesis' which saw, in the earliest stages of written secular literature in Georgia, the resumption of

1413:

was translated, not only to satisfy the literary and aesthetic needs of readers and listeners, but also to inspire the young with the spirit of heroism and Georgian patriotism. Georgian ideology, customs, and worldview often informed these translations because they were oriented toward Georgian

3726:, ed. D.S. Richards. Oxford, 1973. p. 2. "Firdawsi's Turan are, of course, really Indo-European nomads of Eurasian Steppes... Hence as Kowalski has pointed out, a Turkologist seeking for information in the Shahnama on the primitive culture of the Turks would definitely be disappointed. " 2498:

Both editions lacked critical apparatuses and were based on secondary manuscripts dated after the 15th century, much later than the original work. Between 1877 and 1884, the German scholar Johann August Vullers prepared a synthesized text of the Macan and Mohl editions under the title

1323:

During the ten centuries passed after Firdausi composed his monumental work, heroic legends and stories of Shahnameh have remained the main source of the storytelling for the peoples of this region: Persians, Kurds, Gurans, Talishis, Armenians, Georgians, North Caucasian peoples,

1109:

Although 19th-century British Iranologist E. G. Browne has claimed that Ferdowsi purposefully avoided Arabic vocabulary, this claim has been challenged by modern scholarship, specifically Mohammed Moinfar, who has noted that there are numerous examples of Arabic words in the

4673:

To bolster the prestige of the state, the Safavid dynasty sponsored an Iran-Islamic style of culture concentrating on court poetry, painting, and monumental architecture that symbolized not only the Islamic credentials of the state but also the glory of the ancient Persian

4187: 3739:, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth. Multiple History Series. Paris: Motilal Banarsidass Publ./UNESCO Publishing, 1999. p. 23. "Central Asia in the early seventh century, was ethnically, still largely an Iranian land whose people used various Middle Iranian languages." 340:. The imagery on this plate represents the earliest known depiction of a well-known episode from the story of Bahram Gur, which seems to have been popular for centuries, but was only recorded in the Shahnameh, centuries after this plate was created. Iran, 1685:

or biography of important poets and writers has long been a Persian tradition. Some of the biographies of Ferdowsi are now considered apocryphal, nevertheless this shows the important impact he had in the Persian world. Among the famous biographies are:

9297:

Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of

2518:

and the 1333 Leningrad manuscript, the latter of which has now been considered a secondary manuscript. In addition, two other manuscripts used in this edition have been so demoted. It was published in Moscow by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the

1101:

itself has become one of the main pillars of the modern Persian language. Studying Ferdowsi's masterpiece also became a requirement for achieving mastery of the Persian language by subsequent Persian poets, as evidenced by numerous references to the

2503:, but only three of its expected nine volumes were published. The Vullers edition was later completed in Tehran by the Iranian scholars S. Nafisi, Iqbal, and M. Minowi for the millennial jubilee of Ferdowsi, held between 1934 and 1936. 2095:, we have not said something in vain. If a poet writes poetry and the poems have many verses, or if someone writes many compositions, it will always be the case that some of their writings might not be excellent. But in the case of the 669: 4640:

To support their legitimacy, the Safavid dynasty of Iran (1501–1732) devoted a cultural policy to establish their regime as the reconstruction of the historic Iranian monarchy. To the end, they commissioned elaborate copies of the

2326:

used the epic for propaganda purposes: as a gesture of Persian patriotism, as a celebration of renewed Persian rule, and as a reassertion of Persian royal authority. The Safavids commissioned elaborate copies of the

1445:

was a never-ending source of inspiration, not only for high literature, but for folklore as well. "Almost every page of Georgian literary works and chronicles contains names of Iranian heroes borrowed from the

2577:) and was largely forgotten until it was republished in full in 1932 in Egypt, by historian Abdelwahhab Azzam. This modern edition was based on incomplete and largely imprecise fragmented copies found in 2129:

introduced the Alexander Romance tradition into Persian, the genre would become popular and numerous Alexander legends would be composed in the language, with the most significant works owing much to the

1793:

and the Persian tradition have praised and eulogized Ferdowsi. Many of them were heavily influenced by his writing and used his genre and stories to develop their own Persian epics, stories and poems:

3057: 1927:

wrote, "He came from Tus and his excellence, renown and perfection are well known. Yes, what need is there of the panegyrics of others to that man who has composed verses as those of the Shah-nameh?"

1251:. When we take into consideration domestic life in the Konya courts and the sincerity of the favor and attachment of the rulers to Persian poets and Persian literature, then this fact is undeniable. 9836:"شاهنامه / ابو القاسم فردوسي ؛ بكوشش جلال خالقي مطلق ؛ با مقدمۀ احسان يار شاطر.; Shāhnāmah / Abū al-Qāsim Firdawsī ; bi-kūshish-i Jalāl Khāliqī Muṭlaq ; bā muqaddimah-ʼi Iḥsān Yār Shāṭir" 1082:, a number of other works similar in nature surfaced over the centuries within the cultural sphere of the Persian language. Without exception, all such works were based in style and method on the 2601:. Between 1905 and 1925, the brothers Arthur and Edmond Warner published a translation of the complete work in nine volumes, now out of print. There are also modern abridged translations of the 2526:

For many years, the Moscow edition was the standard text. In 1977, an early 1217 manuscript was rediscovered in Florence. The 1217 Florence manuscript is one of the earliest known copies of the

2609:'s 1967 prose version (later revised by Amin Banani), and another by Dick Davis in a mixture of poetry and prose which appeared in 2006. Also, a new English translation of the book in prose by 2379:

in Washington, DC also hosted an exhibition of folios from the 14th through the 16th centuries, called "Shahnama: 1000 Years of the Persian Book of Kings", from October 2010 to April 2011.

918:, founder of the Sasanian Empire. After this, Sasanian history is related with a good deal of accuracy. The fall of the Sassanids and the Arab conquest of Persia are narrated romantically. 1955:'s impact on Persian historiography was immediate, and some historians decorated their books with the verses of Shahnameh. Below is sample of ten important historians who have praised the 6336: 3715: 945:, the hero of Islamic reformist youth of the 1970s, who were also antagonistic towards the contents of the Shahnameh since it included verses critical of Islam. These include the line: 725:

is relatively short, amounting to some 2100 verses or four percent of the entire book, and it narrates events with the simplicity, predictability, and swiftness of a historical work.

2257:

continued the tradition of manuscript production. For them, it was considered proper for the members of the family to have personal copies of the epic poem. Consequently, three of

1495:

and have no relationship to the culture of the Turks. Turan, which is the Persian name for the areas of Central Asia beyond the Oxus up to the 7th century (where the story of the

649:

came to power which, because of its historical proximity, is thought to be highly accurate. The text is written in the late Middle Persian, which was the immediate ancestor of

4966: 4779: 2411: 3737:

History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting

3203: 4234: 1140:

contained some sixty thousand distichs. But this is a round figure; most of the relatively reliable manuscripts have preserved a little over fifty thousand distichs.

3090: 1114:

which are effectively synonyms for Persian words previously used in the text. This calls into question the idea of Ferdowsi's deliberate eschewing of Arabic words.

2581:, Paris, Astana, Cairo and Berlin. The latter had the most complete, least inaccurate and well-preserved Arabic version of the original translation by al-Bondari. 4367: 4329: 4494: 891: 3235: 2597:'s medical service undertook a translation into English in his 1832 publication for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, now part of the 5240: 1839:, another poet at the Ghaznavid court of India, remarked, "Alive is Rustam through the epic of Ferdowsi, else there would not be a trace of him in this World". 3050: 930:

teaches a wide variety of moral virtues, like worship of one God; religious uprightness; patriotism; love of wife, family and children; and helping the poor.

2457: 8806: 1581: 1169: 3778: 812:, which established a long history of heroic age in which myth and legend are combined. The main feature of this period is the major role played by the 5569: 4809: 4290: 3675: 1836: 4218: 4013:

Persian: "شمع جمع هوشمندان است در دیجور غم / نکته ای کز خاطر فردوسی طوسی بود / زادگاه طبع پاکش جملگی حوراوش اند / زاده حوراوش بود چون مرد فردوسی بود"

3178: 937:, the epic was largely ignored in favor of the more abstruse, esoteric and dryly intellectual Persian literature. Historians note that the theme of 4463: 4419: 4935: 4827:

Djalali, Kambiz (15 May 2008). "Le Livre des Rois de Ferdowsi et ses traductions dans la philologie et la littérature françaises et allemandes".

2177: 657:

is based on this epic and there are in fact various phrases and words which can be matched between Ferdowsi's poem and this source, according to

4041: 3816:

According to Ibn Bibi, in 618/1221 the Saljuq of Rum Ala' al-Din Kay-kubad decorated the walls of Konya and Sivas with verses from the Shah-nama

4137:. A history of Persian literature / founding editor - Ehsan Yarshater. London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney: I.B. Tauris. pp. 491–504. 4112:. A history of Persian literature / founding editor - Ehsan Yarshater. London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney: I.B. Tauris. pp. 443–461. 2514:, using the oldest known manuscripts at the time, dating from the 13th and 14th centuries, with heavy reliance on the 1276 manuscript from the 3712: 1743: 9970: 9339: 4861: 4158: 4714: 7251: 1774: 4561: 4259: 882: 7102: 5109: 3334: 2205:, were broken up for sheets to be sold separately in the 20th century. A single sheet from the former was sold for £904,000 in 2006. The 4702:

Perhaps the high point was the series of 250 miniatures which illustrated the Shah Nama commissioned by Shah Ismail for his son Tahmasp.

3533: 941:

and the incompetence of kings embedded in the epic did not sit well with the Iranian monarchy. Later, there were Muslim figures such as

7304: 4594: 593:"Book of Kings", a late Sasanian compilation of the history of the kings and heroes of Persia from mythical times down to the reign of 1093:

today is more or less the same language as that of Ferdowsi's time over 1000 years ago is due to the very existence of works like the

6927: 5472: 5214: 4958: 1506:, "The extent of influence of the Iranian epic is shown by the Turks who accepted it as their own ancient history as well as that of 4787: 2677:. It premiered in 1940 in concert with a Russian libretto, and in 1941 on stage with a Tajik-language libretto by Abulkasim Lahuti. 2299:(1378–1508) Turkman dynasties. Many of the extant illustrated copies, with more than seventy or more paintings, are attributable to 5507: 4398: 5606: 5437: 5402: 4442: 3199: 2643:

A Spanish translation was published in two volumes by the Islamic Research Institute of the Tehran Branch of McGill University.

2491:, which was based on a comparison of 30 manuscripts. After Mohl's death in 1876, the last of its seven volumes was completed by 1819:

as he attests in the introduction. He praises Ferdowsi in the introduction and considers Ferdowsi the greatest poet of his time.

9868: 7208: 5130: 4031:

Persian: "چه خوش گفت فردوسی پاکزاد / که رحمت بر آن تربت پاک باد / میازار موری که دانه کش است / که جان دارد و جان شیرین خوش است"

949:(spit on your face, oh heavens spit!), which Ferdowsi used as a reference to the Muslim invaders who despoiled Zoroastrianism. 328: 5185: 3268: 1871:

as a major source. Nizami remarks that Ferdowsi is "the wise sage of Tus" who beautified and decorated words like a new bride.

1302:-like epic about his victories and his newly established dynasty. Although the epic was left unfinished, it was an example of 5635: 5596: 5521: 5486: 5451: 5103: 5044: 4810:"Shahnameh : The Epic of the Persian Kings by Sheila Canby, Ahmad Sadri and Abolqasem Ferdowsi (2013, Hardcover) – eBay" 4488: 4361: 4323: 4142: 4117: 4087: 3506: 3478: 3434: 3120: 1414:

poetic culture. Conversely, Georgians consider these translations works of their native literature. Georgian versions of the

1400:, are found in 11th- and 12th-century Georgian literature. They are indirect evidence for an Old Georgian translation of the 4231: 1662:

as one of the four main bodies of world literature. Goethe was inspired by Persian literature, which moved him to write his

933:

There are themes in the Shahnameh that were viewed with suspicion by the succession of Iranian regimes. During the reign of

5630: 2113: 1064: 805: 5383:, six volumes of translation and two volumes of notes (New York: Bibliotheca Persica, 1987–2008) (scholarly Persian text) 4990: 3941:

Nurian, Mahdi (1993). "Afarin Ferdowsi az Zaban Pishinian" [Praises of Ferdowsi from the Tongue of the Ancients].

9920: 5747: 4435:"The Art of the Ilkhanid Period (1256–1353) – Essay – Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History – The Metropolitan Museum of Art" 4391:"The Art of the Book in the Ilkhanid Period – Essay – Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History – The Metropolitan Museum of Art" 3082: 715: 545:, being mainly the poetical recast of what Ferdowsi, his contemporaries, and his predecessors regarded as the account of 1059: 1027: 102: 6718: 4351: 4313: 6640: 4748: 4478: 4067: 2911: 2425: 999: 613:, who came to a violent end after completing only 1,000 verses. These verses, which deal with the rise of the prophet 74: 9985: 9332: 5416: 5350: 5331: 5009: 4695: 4666: 4633: 3920: 3895: 3380: 3309: 3225: 2402: 1046: 121: 5236: 435:

is one of the world's longest epic poems, and the longest epic poem created by a single author. It tells mainly the

9835: 7687: 7299: 7244: 5548: 3735:

Bosworth, C.E. "The Appearance of the Arabs in Central Asia under the Umayyads and the Establishment of Islam". In

2590: 2149: 9268: 8699: 7095: 6959: 6922: 2843: 2520: 1006: 832:

acted as the leading paladin of Manuchehr while reigning in Sistan in his own right. His successors were his son

81: 3968:

Persian: "که فردوسی طوسی پاک مغز / بدادست داد سخنهای نغز / به شهنامه گیتی بیاراستست / بدان نامه نام نکو خواستست"

3959:

Persian: "آفرين بر روان فردوسی / آن همايون نهاد و فرخنده / او نه استاد بود و ما شاگرد / او خداوند بود و ما بنده"

1319:'s influence has extended beyond the Persian sphere. Professor Victoria Arakelova of Yerevan University states: 1211:

Indeed, despite all claims to the contrary, there is no question that Persian influence was paramount among the

9935: 9767: 8339: 7850: 7359: 6788: 5643: 4524: 3852: 3809: 3665: 3592: 3564: 3149: 1898:

wrote about the poetry of Ferdowsi: "Open eyes and through the sweet poetry see the heavenly eden of Ferdowsi."

984: 641: 59: 5161: 1121:

has 62 stories, 990 chapters, and some 50,000 rhyming couplets, making it more than three times the length of

9915: 9910: 8447: 6901: 3768: 2221: 1851:

was influenced greatly by Ferdowsi and three of his five "treasures" had to do with pre-Islamic Persia. His

1514:

dynasty in Central Asia calling itself the 'family of Afrasiyab' and so it is known in the Islamic history."

1432: 1354: 4282: 1510:... The Turks were so much influenced by this cycle of stories that in the eleventh century AD we find the 502:. It is regarded as a literary masterpiece, and definitive of the ethno-national cultural identity of Iran. 9325: 5898: 4226: 3411: 2886: 2181: 1373: 1013: 88: 4927: 3170: 621:

shows characteristics of both written and oral literature. Some claim that Ferdowsi also used Zoroastrian

9925: 9131: 8150: 7629: 7237: 6814: 6494: 2895: 2511: 7364: 1664: 1556:. The Turks themselves connected their origin not with Turkish tribal history but with the Turanians of 1204: 575:. It is based mainly on a prose work of the same name compiled in Ferdowsi's earlier life in his native 9975: 9945: 9930: 8422: 8228: 7088: 7080: 6415: 6106: 5588: 5068: 2903: 2492: 2188: 980: 347: 55: 5311:

Borjian, Habib and Maryam Borjian. 2005–2006. The Story of Rostam and the White Demon in Māzandarāni.

1160: 995: 70: 9980: 9955: 9950: 8452: 7379: 7323: 7200: 7165: 7025: 6645: 6564: 5618: 4045: 2938: 2916: 2722: 2688: 2372: 2336: 2243: 1758: 572: 444: 180: 8952: 8895: 8836: 7910: 7733: 6753: 3830:

Schimmel, Annemarie. "Turk and Hindu: A Poetical Image and Its Application to Historical Fact". In

3450:

Mutlaq, Jalal Khaleqi (1993). "Iran Garai dar Shahnameh" [Iran-centrism in the Shahnameh].

2266: 5359:

The Illustrated Manuscripts of Firdausī's "shāhnāma" Commissioned by Princes of the House of Tīmūr

4551: 4251: 617:, were afterward incorporated by Ferdowsi, with acknowledgment, in his own poem. The style of the 9990: 9217: 8821: 8816: 8801: 8712: 8212: 6783: 5740: 4883:

Davis, Dick (Aug 1995). "Review: The Shahnameh by Abul-Qasem Ferdowsi, Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh".

4851: 4726: 3007: 2578: 2531: 2376: 2367:

in Cambridge hosted a major exhibition, called "Epic of the Persian Kings: The Art of Ferdowsi's

1863: 973: 369: 48: 5670: 5558: 4589: 4556: 4166: 3773: 3670: 3640: 3528: 3523: 3499:

Mute Dreams, Blind Owls, and Dispersed Knowledges: Persian Poesis in the Transnational Circuitry

3263: 3230: 1187:. The relationship between Shirvanshah and his son, Manuchihr, is mentioned in chapter eight of 704: 9960: 8669: 8220: 8137: 7943: 6896: 6768: 6711: 6547: 6471: 4133:

Casari, Mario (2023). "The Alexander Legend in Persian Literature". In Ashtiany, Mohsen (ed.).

4108:

Casari, Mario (2023). "The Alexander Legend in Persian Literature". In Ashtiany, Mohsen (ed.).

3624: 3297: 3285:

completion as the day of Ard (i.e., 25th) of Esfand in the year 378 Š. (400 Lunar)/8 March 1010

2964: 2469: 2419: 2213: 2199: 2141: 1441:

literary contacts with Iran, "much stronger than before" (Gvakharia, 2001, p. 481). Ferdowsi's

1068: 899: 777: 5093: 4625: 4618: 1658:

and Persian literature in general. Persian literature has been considered by such thinkers as

9426: 9062: 8890: 8867: 8722: 8469: 7649: 7420: 7339: 6976: 6612: 4856: 4068:"Chapter Five. The 'Accursed' And The 'Adventurer': Alexander The Great In Iranian Tradition" 3326: 2855:

couple loosely based on the story of Khosrow and Shirin, directed by Bela Segal and starring

2598: 2206: 2046: 1526: 1097:, which have had lasting and profound cultural and linguistic influence. In other words, the 781: 550: 5562: 5266: 4584: 9905: 9403: 9102: 8967: 8947: 8885: 8644: 8314: 7979: 7964: 7894: 7873: 7855: 7800: 7682: 7613: 7496: 7289: 7284: 7273: 6572: 6556: 6016: 5971: 5916: 5868: 5830: 5640:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF) 2814: 2751: 2731: 2670: 2343: 2274: 2087: 1822: 1805:, "He was not just a Teacher and we his students. He was like a God and we are his slaves". 1564:, they felt themselves to be the last outpost tied to the civilized world by the thread of 1346: 1173: 1072: 769: 765: 682: 6086: 5951: 5206: 8: 9900: 9695: 9438: 9027: 8766: 8684: 8536: 8521: 8437: 8344: 8301: 8145: 7808: 6906: 6891: 6096: 5976: 5492: 5036: 3887: 3751:

The Heritage of Persia: The Pre-Islamic History of One of the World's Great Civilizations

2335:

illustrations was the series of 250 miniatures commissioned by Shah Ismail for his son's

2062: 2023: 1369: 825: 804:

are devoted to the age of heroes, extending from Manuchehr's reign until the conquest of

381: 1639:

Many Persian literary figures, historians and biographers have praised Ferdowsi and the

9895: 9171: 9156: 9126: 8987: 8831: 8572: 8490: 8377: 8359: 7860: 7761: 7516: 7455: 7410: 7369: 7354: 7260: 7069: 6861: 6845: 6685: 6656: 6539: 6350: 6271: 6246: 6241: 6172: 6071: 6061: 6051: 5961: 5777: 5733: 5527: 4908: 4900: 3405: 2698: 2594: 2570: 2534:, professor of Persian at Ohio State University, it is "by far the best edition of the 2364: 2192: 2037: 1976: 1648: 1264: 1020: 934: 710: 406: 337: 95: 5581: 5457: 4390: 4079: 1219:. This is clearly revealed by the fact that the sultans who ascended the throne after 688:

Traditional historiography in Iran holds that Ferdowsi was grieved by the fall of the

549:'s ancient history. Many such accounts already existed in prose, an example being the 316: 9965: 9940: 9779: 9562: 9538: 9524: 9512: 9463: 9237: 9176: 9082: 9047: 9032: 9017: 8928: 8791: 8704: 8664: 8649: 8567: 8562: 8475: 8382: 8334: 8076: 7928: 7865: 7718: 7662: 7491: 7334: 7192: 7157: 7111: 7059: 7033: 7012: 6999: 6932: 6704: 6667: 6662: 6635: 6580: 6031: 5517: 5482: 5447: 5422: 5412: 5346: 5327: 5099: 5040: 4912: 4691: 4662: 4629: 4520: 4484: 4457: 4413: 4357: 4319: 4138: 4135:

Persian narrative poetry in the classical era, 800-1500: romantic and didactic genres

4113: 4110:

Persian narrative poetry in the classical era, 800-1500: romantic and didactic genres

4083: 3916: 3891: 3848: 3805: 3588: 3560: 3502: 3474: 3430: 3376: 3305: 2989: 2946: 2824: 2792: 2759: 2652: 2350: 2232: 2117: 1895: 1779: 1423: 1419: 1284: 1224: 864: 852: 678: 645:, which was originally written during the late Sassanid era and gave accounts of how 480: 436: 235: 225: 9860: 9719: 5138: 4434: 510: 9814: 9258: 9087: 9077: 9037: 9022: 9002: 8982: 8977: 8910: 8786: 8753: 8689: 8587: 8582: 8417: 8329: 8296: 8084: 7974: 7756: 7399: 6881: 6793: 6588: 6431: 6304: 5941: 5840: 5684: 5301: 5278: 5181: 4892: 4832: 4075: 3258: 2994: 2969: 2867: 2806: 1538: 1333: 1192: 1149: 1090: 809: 740:, who also became the first king after a period of mountain-dwelling. His grandson 733: 650: 523: 519: 499: 391: 360: 9368: 5648: 5623: 5593: 3112: 2954: 164: 9469: 9273: 9232: 9191: 9097: 9052: 9012: 8811: 8776: 8737: 8732: 8679: 8432: 8407: 8387: 8364: 8354: 8309: 8182: 8113: 7900: 7837: 7746: 7723: 7713: 7657: 7584: 7415: 7216: 7184: 7040: 6994: 6951: 6886: 6778: 6773: 6630: 6620: 6314: 6046: 5946: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5600: 5576: 5165: 5030: 5013: 4994: 4238: 3880: 3719: 2921: 2848: 2755: 2706: 2625:

into French and German. An Italian translation was published in eight volumes by

2488: 2437: 2407: 2383: 1768: 1762: 1492: 1488: 1476: 1362: 1260: 911: 689: 658: 636: 468: 239: 184: 176: 5611: 9664: 9652: 9574: 9242: 9227: 9222: 9212: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9121: 9092: 9057: 8992: 8972: 8962: 8905: 8841: 8796: 8781: 8659: 8624: 8592: 8552: 8531: 8526: 8511: 8442: 8427: 8324: 8169: 8023: 7933: 7792: 7597: 7018: 6481: 6476: 6319: 6309: 5878: 4987: 3584: 2515: 2099:, despite having more than 40 thousand couplets, all its verses are excellent." 2067: 1848: 1715: 1589: 1585: 1522: 1480: 1464: 1451: 1188: 1165: 1132: 1086:, but none of them could quite achieve the same degree of fame and popularity. 674: 610: 584: 542: 440: 256: 9743: 5676: 5269:(ed.). "Georgia and Iran: Three Millennia of Cultural Relations An Overview". 4896: 2734:

based on the story of Khosrow and Shirin, directed by Aspi Irani and starring

2640:

into Gujarati verse and prose and published 10 volumes between 1914 and 1918.

2448: 9889: 9707: 9500: 9494: 9348: 9278: 9263: 9186: 9181: 9166: 9161: 9136: 8997: 8957: 8875: 8727: 8717: 8694: 8674: 8577: 8506: 8457: 8392: 8349: 8121: 8036: 8013: 8008: 7938: 7920: 7905: 7890: 7886: 7813: 7728: 7634: 7605: 7568: 7542: 7501: 7389: 6650: 6198: 5906: 5666: 5376:, nine volumes (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1960–71) (scholarly Persian text) 5282: 2746: 2739: 2270: 2136: 1720: 1295: 589: 420: 6001: 4645:, the Iranian national epic, such as this one made for Tahmasp in the 1520s. 2429: 732:

gives an account of the creation of the world and of man as believed by the

9802: 9749: 9531: 9196: 9072: 9042: 8880: 8846: 8771: 8761: 8654: 8608: 8465: 8402: 8319: 8174: 8126: 8105: 8068: 8052: 8028: 8003: 7878: 7845: 7672: 7621: 7511: 7394: 7349: 6625: 6149: 4756: 3557:

Laylī and Majnūn: Love, Madness and Mystic Longing in Niẓāmī's Epic Romance

2728: 2441: 2311:

beginning in about the 1450s–60s and continuing to the end of the century.

2292: 2154: 2053: 1902: 1694: 1503: 1220: 1141: 942: 556:. A small portion of Ferdowsi's work, in passages scattered throughout the 488: 464: 424: 5853: 5848: 5006: 4515:

Blair, Sheila S. "Rewriting the History of the Great Mongol Shahnama". In

2809:

made at Tajikfilm by director Munavar Mansurhojaev, based on the story of

1845:

believed that the foundation of poetry was really established by Ferdowsi.

1232: 9731: 9581: 9481: 9379: 9307: 9067: 8920: 8900: 8826: 8516: 8412: 8369: 8100: 7374: 7007: 6984: 6382: 6377: 6261: 5863: 5858: 2860: 2636:

Dastur Faramroz Kutar and his brother Ervad Mahiyar Kutar translated the

2626: 2610: 2606: 2538:

available, and it is surely likely to remain such for a very long time".

2461: 2453: 2391: 1878: 1857: 1338: 1228: 1180: 456: 20: 7110: 6167: 6124: 6021: 5725: 2633:

in 1886–1888 (later reissued in two volumes with a compendium in 1915).

2187:

Illustrated copies of the work are among the most sumptuous examples of

9628: 9568: 9432: 9303: 9007: 8915: 8862: 8397: 7832: 7741: 7692: 7677: 7644: 7592: 7576: 7563: 7506: 7384: 6989: 6871: 6829: 6441: 6154: 5873: 5513: 5478: 5443: 5408: 5356: 5305: 2856: 2710: 2702: 2589:

There have been a number of English translations, almost all abridged.

2296: 2262: 2012: 1830: 1808: 1565: 1541: 1511: 1271:, which probably explains the fact that he named all of his sons after 1240: 987: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 915: 843:

Among the stories described in this section are the romance of Zal and

646: 594: 492: 460: 452: 320: 289: 24: 9317: 7766: 6119: 5095:

Orientalism and the Reception of Powerful Women from the Ancient World

4904: 3986:

Persian: "زنده رستم به شعر فردوسی است / ور نه زو در جهان نشانه کجاست؟"

2927: 1454:, may have left the most enduring imprint on Georgian literature (...) 605:

The first to undertake the versification of the Pahlavi chronicle was

9450: 9396: 9362: 7959: 7294: 7229: 6824: 6461: 6390: 6369: 6281: 6006: 5926: 5883: 5815: 2832: 2770: 2763: 2735: 2495:, Mohl's successor to the chair of Persian of the College de France. 2191:. Several copies remain intact, although two of the most famous, the 2169: 2082: 1754: 1280: 1236: 876: 789: 614: 576: 402: 249: 4836: 4661:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 445. 3713:

Barbarian Incursions: The Coming of the Turks into the Islamic World

3141: 2871:(2017), an acclaimed animated film is an adaptation of the story of 1576: 962: 37: 9796: 9737: 9640: 9593: 9587: 9518: 9488: 9444: 8044: 7751: 7524: 7481: 7115: 6727: 6486: 6410: 6276: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6159: 6129: 6011: 5966: 5805: 5795: 5785: 5762: 5342: 5323: 5158: 4188:""Bayasanghori Shâhnâmeh" (Prince Bayasanghor's Book of the Kings)" 3802:

The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana

3117:

The Shahnameh: a Persian Cultural Emblem and a Timeless Masterpiece

2836: 2715: 2323: 2254: 2239: 2227:

The Mongol rulers in Iran revived and spurred the patronage of the

2031: 2004: 1748: 1534: 1342: 1304: 1256: 1216: 938: 868: 856: 821: 773: 753: 737: 627: 530: 476: 409: 333: 261:

Lines of 22 syllables with two rhyming couplets in the same metre (

171: 155: 5386:

Paperback republication by Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, CA, 2022.

2342:. Two similar cycles of illustration of the mid-17th century, the 2165: 9689: 9683: 9658: 9634: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9457: 9420: 8557: 7773: 7697: 7639: 7344: 6876: 6466: 6405: 6395: 6299: 6221: 6216: 6144: 6139: 6114: 6081: 6041: 6036: 5888: 5800: 5790: 5296:

Poet Moniruddin Yusuf (1919–1987) translated the full version of

4519:, ed. Robert Hillenbrand. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004. p. 35. 3641:"Shahnameh in the Kurdish and Armenian Oral Tradition (abridged)" 2566: 2562: 2558: 2433: 2319: 2308: 1874: 1829:

only 80 years after its composition by reciting its poems in the

1517:

Turks, as an ethno-linguistic group, have been influenced by the

1212: 860: 757: 741: 568: 472: 428: 5931: 5028: 1647:

is considered by many to be the most important piece of work in

583:

was in turn and for the most part the translation of a Pahlavi (

9761: 9755: 9725: 9713: 9670: 9646: 9390: 8204: 7984: 7781: 7547: 7537: 7532: 7476: 7471: 7140: 7135: 6866: 6809: 6607: 6446: 6400: 6343: 6266: 6251: 6193: 6134: 6091: 6076: 6056: 5996: 5991: 5911: 5820: 2872: 2852: 2828: 2810: 2666: 2465: 2415: 2304: 2300: 2217: 1968: 1798: 1790: 1659: 1472: 1389: 1350: 1291: 1287: 895: 875:'s account of the story of Goshtasp and Arjasp, and Rostam and 872: 848: 844: 837: 817: 761: 745: 736:. This introduction is followed by the story of the first man, 606: 515: 484: 5986: 5981: 5683:

Arthur and Edmond Warner, 1905–1925, (in nine volumes) at the

5603:, Cambridge University (includes large database of miniatures) 5304:(1963–1981). It was published by the National Organisation of 5091: 4715:"Exhibition: Epic of the Persian Kings: The Art of Ferdowsi's 4476: 4022:

Persian: "باز کن چشم و ز شعر چون شکر / در بهشت عدن فردوسی نگر"

3995:

Persian: "چه نکو گفت آن بزرگ استاد / که وی افکند نظم را بنیاد"

2246:, is one of the most illustrative and important copies of the 2078:) praised Ferdowsi and gave an extensive biography on Ferdowsi 1393: 1243:

had some passages from the Shahname inscribed on the walls of

833: 829: 9861:"The Shahnameh [The Book of Kings]: Critical edition" 9773: 9701: 9676: 9556: 9475: 9374: 8236: 7969: 7667: 6819: 6456: 6451: 6436: 6256: 6208: 6066: 6026: 5956: 5936: 5921: 4959:"'Heart' Of Iranian Identity Reimagined For A New Generation" 4688:

Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society

2694: 2487:

Between 1838 and 1878, an edition appeared by French scholar

2258: 1932: 1842: 1549: 1545: 1358: 1248: 1244: 1126: 1122: 887: 749: 639:

sources were used in composing the epic, prominent being the

5060: 4353:

The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400-1400

3915:(New ed.). London: I. B. Tauris. p. Introduction. 3690: 2356:, come from the last great period of the Persian miniature. 2291:

manuscripts in the 15th century remained vigorous under the

9808: 9544: 9506: 9299: 8018: 7915: 6696: 6182: 5825: 5810: 4349: 4004:

Persian: "سخن گوی دانای پیشین طوسکه آراست روی سخن چون عروس"

2173: 1936: 1924: 1709: 1507: 813: 785: 546: 448: 215: 4517:

Shahnama: The Visual Language of the Persian Book of Kings

1136:. According to Ferdowsi himself, the final edition of the 2796: 2406:

Illuminated frontispiece (sarlawh) from the Shahnameh of

2216:

copy of the work (Golestan Palace, Iran), is included in

1397: 714:, the oldest known Shahnameh manuscript. Anatolia, 1217. 498:

The work is of central importance in Persian culture and

4780:"Shahnameh, a Persian Masterpiece, Still Relevant Today" 653:. A great portion of the historical chronicles given in 5237:"Iran animation invited to Cannes Film Festival – ISNA" 3083:"A thousand years of Firdawsi's Shahnama is celebrated" 609:, a contemporary of Ferdowsi, poet at the court of the 5637:

A King's Book of Kings: The Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp

5361:

Ars Orientalis 22. The Smithsonian Institution: 43–68.

4690:(2nd ed.). London: Psychology Press. p. 70. 4072:

A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages

3473:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 193. 2655:

and Tajik composer Sharif Bobokalonov wrote the opera

2371:", which ran from September 2010 to January 2011. The 2331:

to support their legitimacy. Among the high points of

1702:("The Biography of poets") by Dowlat Shah-i Samarqandi 914:

follows the history of Alexander and precedes that of

5612:

A richly illuminated and almost complete copy of the

3753:. New York: World Publishing Company. pp. 40–41. 2754:

based on the story of Rustam and Sohrab, directed by

374: 3375:. Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers. p. 49. 2684:

has also been adapted to many films and animations:

1275:

characters. Dickson and Welch suggest that Ismail's

1200:

and to remember the meaningful sayings of the wise.

1130:

and more than twelve times the length of the German

808:. This age is also identified as the kingdom of the 4749:"Shahnama: 1000 Years of the Persian Book of Kings" 3877: 3200:"The Book of Kings: The book that defines Iranians" 2273:—each commissioned such a volume. Among these, the 1908:

How sweetly has conveyed the pure-natured Ferdowsi,

748:, accidentally discovered fire and established the 62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5607:Ancient Iran's Geographical Position in Shah-Nameh 4617: 3879: 3878:Christensen, Karen; Levinson, David, eds. (2002). 1884:The candle of the wise in this darkness of sorrow, 728:After an opening in praise of God and Wisdom, the 5308:Bangla Academy, in six volumes, in February 1991. 4477:Vladimir Lukonin; Anatoly Ivanov (30 June 2012). 4470: 4350:Sarah Foot; Chase F. Robinson (25 October 2012). 3868:. Translated by Reza Jamshidi Safa. Tehran, Iran. 820:heroes who appear as the backbone of the Empire. 9887: 5320:Imazh-ha-ye mehr va mah dar Shahnama-ye Ferdousi 4615: 4583:Motlagh, Khaleghi; T. Lentz (15 December 1989). 4343: 3256: 2799:from birth until returning to the human society. 1886:The pure words of Ferdowsi of the Tusi are such, 1607:I shall not die, these seeds I've sown will save 1533:while swinging his mace in battle. According to 952: 692:and its subsequent rule by Arabs and Turks. The 7300:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress 5339:Nam-e kasan va ja'i-ha dar Shahnama-ye Ferdousi 5315:5/1-2 (ser. nos. 9 & 10), pp. 107–116. 4582: 4550:Simpson, Marianna Shreve Simpson (7 May 2012). 3226:"Iranian Identity iii. Medieval Islamic Period" 2026:, the early historian of the Mongol era in the 1939:and other mystical poets, have used imagery of 1499:ends), was generally an Iranian-speaking land. 840:, the bravest of the brave, and then Faramarz. 5264: 4311: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3847:. Translated by Dick Davis. New York: Viking. 3696: 2231:in its manuscript form. The "Great Mongol" or 1619:Another translation of by Reza Jamshidi Safa: 439:and to some extent the historical past of the 9333: 7245: 7096: 6712: 5741: 5468:, about the story of Kai-Kavous and Soodabeh. 5341:(Personalities and Places in the Shahnama of 4624:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3886:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 3501:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 21. 2697:-language feature film based on the story of 2660: 2480:Scholarly editions have been prepared of the 2394:) creating new imagery from old manuscripts. 2386:illustrated a new English translation of the 1912:Do not harass the ant that's dragging a seed, 1183:dynasty adopted many of their names from the 537:in 977 and completed it on 8 March 1010. The 4885:International Journal of Middle East Studies 4462:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4418:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3832:Islam and Cultural Change in the Middle Ages 3632: 3554: 3257:Khaleghi-Motlagh, Djalal (26 January 2012). 2851:film about the love affair of a middle-aged 2791:(1977), Persian short animation directed by 2709:and Master Nissar. It was the second Indian 1910:May blessing be upon his pure resting place, 1196:. Nizami advises the king's son to read the 332:Plate with a hunting scene from the tale of 5644:Firdowsi & the Shahname | Kaveh Farrokh 5029:Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (2014). 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4439:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 4395:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 4250:Simpson, Marianna Shreve (April 21, 2009). 3929: 3826: 3824: 3762: 3760: 3707: 3705: 2280:is one of the most voluminous and artistic 2114:first Persian legend of Alexander the Great 2050:based on the same style in the Ilkhanid era 1914:because it has life and sweet life is dear. 1890:Angelic born is anyone who's like Ferdowsi. 1811:was born in the same city as Ferdowsi. His 1623:Much I have suffered in these thirty years, 1263:of Iran, was also deeply influenced by the 9340: 9326: 7305:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island 7252: 7238: 7103: 7089: 6719: 6705: 5748: 5734: 5207:"India's vanishing Parsis – Not fade away" 4891:(3). Cambridge University Press: 393–395. 4389:Adamjee, Authors: Stefano Carboni, Qamar. 4305: 4065: 3663: 3471:The Politics of Nationalism in Modern Iran 3074: 1603:I've reached the end of this great history 1168:Hero Alkus with his Lance, Folio from the 196: 163: 9306:and one of the two official languages of 6928:Ferdowsi millennial celebration in Berlin 5755: 5433:, about the story of Rostam & Sohrab. 5092:Filippo Carlà-Uhink; Anja Wieber (2020). 4928:"Šāh-Nāma Translations iii. Into English" 4483:. Parkstone International. pp. 65–. 3766: 3666:"Šāh-nāma Translations ii. Into Georgian" 3424: 2546:The only known Arabic translation of the 2506:The first modern critical edition of the 2176:before the Qaisar of Rum, Folio from the 1946: 1615:When I have gone, my praises and my fame. 1611:And men of sense and wisdom will proclaim 1580:Kai Khosrow and Fariburz, Folio from the 1089:Some experts believe the main reason the 1047:Learn how and when to remove this message 443:from the creation of the world until the 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 5265:Farmanfarmaian, Fatema Soudavar (2009). 4530: 4433:Komaroff, Authors: Suzan Yalman, Linda. 4216: 3821: 3767:Özgüdenli, Osman G. (15 November 2006). 3757: 3702: 3664:Giunshvili, Jamshid Sh. (15 June 2005). 3400:. 21, 3, Autumn 1384/2005: Nashr Danesh. 3370: 2447: 2424: 2401: 2164: 1990:Mohammad Ali Ravandi, the writer of the 1767: 1742: 1575: 1332: 1312:written later on for the Safavid kings. 1159: 1058: 926:According to Jalal Khaleghi Mutlaq, the 881: 703: 668: 509: 327: 9347: 4826: 4777: 4656: 4549: 4249: 3769:"Šāh-nāma Translations i. Into Turkish" 3604:Dickson, M.B.; and Welch, S.C. (1981). 3496: 3395: 3296: 3113:"The Shahnameh: a Literary Masterpiece" 2584: 2523:in nine volumes between 1960 and 1971. 2363:'s millennial anniversary, in 2010 the 1629:For I have spread the seed of the word. 1627:I will not die then alive in the world, 1328: 1279:was intended as a present to the young 863:, Rostam and Akvan Div, the romance of 9888: 9871:from the original on 21 September 2023 7259: 7209:Battle of the Kings: Rostam and Sohrab 5572:Illustrated Manuscript of the Shahnama 5217:from the original on 25 September 2020 5098:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 265. 4318:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 129–. 4132: 4107: 3940: 3678:from the original on 22 September 2020 3468: 3449: 3427:Iran: Politics, History and Literature 3223: 3080: 2823:(2007), Persian TV series directed by 2621:There are various translations of the 2510:was prepared by a Russian team led by 2318:manuscript production occurred in the 1654:Western writers have also praised the 1625:I have revived the Ajam with my verse. 1609:My name and reputation from the grave, 1418:are quite popular, and the stories of 1144:reports that the final edition of the 947:tofu bar to, ey charkh-i gardun, tofu! 9321: 8266: 7437: 7321: 7271: 7233: 7084: 6700: 5729: 5087: 5085: 5024: 5022: 4925: 4882: 4685: 4597:from the original on 23 November 2020 3977:Persian: "که از پیش گویندگان برد گوی" 3913:Ancient Persia: From 550 BC to 650 AD 3911:Azodi, Wiesehöfer (August 18, 2001). 3910: 3799: 3793: 3638: 3521: 3492: 3490: 3337:from the original on January 28, 2023 3171:"Iran marks National Day of Ferdowsi" 2993: 2646: 2541: 2475: 2160: 1560:. Specifically in India, through the 1458: 1155: 560:, is entirely of his own conception. 390: 9971:Memory of the World Register in Iran 5631:University of Michigan Museum of Art 4432: 3866:Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings 3845:Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings 3748: 3355: 3281:the poet refers to the date of the 3271:from the original on 31 October 2019 3238:from the original on 25 October 2019 2839:, and a few other historical events. 2103: 2091:, that, "If we name it the Quran of 1801:remarked about the eloquence of the 985:adding citations to reliable sources 956: 886:Bahram Gur kills a dragon in India, 716:National Central Library of Florence 388:modern Iranian Persian pronunciation 60:adding citations to reliable sources 31: 5503:, the story of the evil White Deev. 4849: 4388: 4280: 4219:"Politics and the Persian Language" 4198:from the original on 12 August 2013 4126: 4101: 3804:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 11. 3781:from the original on 5 October 2023 3581:Early Mystics in Turkish Literature 3358:Hamase-sarâ'i dar Iran, Tehran 1945 3324: 2238:, produced during the reign of the 1888:His pure sense is an angelic birth, 1635:After my death will send me praise. 1491:representing Iranian nomads of the 1463:Despite a belief held by some, the 1203:According to the Turkish historian 431:or couplets (two-line verses), the 364: 13: 6349: 6342: 6335: 5551:Characters of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh 5538:, the story of Rostam's childhood. 5379:Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh (editor), 5290: 5082: 5019: 4969:from the original on 26 March 2017 4497:from the original on 21 April 2022 4370:from the original on 26 April 2022 4217:Lawrence, Lee (December 6, 2013). 4159:"Ten Most Expensive Books of 2006" 3621: 3612:. Cambridge, MA and London. p. 34. 3487: 3093:from the original on 5 August 2013 2827:, concurrently tells the story of 2616: 2436:, Folio from the Shahnameh in the 2397: 2007:, the writer of the history book, 1631:Whoever has sense, path and faith, 1450:" (ibid). Ferdowsi, together with 1223:assumed titles taken from ancient 847:, the Seven Stages (or Labors) of 824:is briefly mentioned with his son 14: 10002: 7340:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan 5542: 5322:(Sun and Moon in the Shahnama of 4956: 4262:from the original on May 17, 2023 4080:10.1163/ej.9789004183452.i-410.56 3555:Seyed-Gohrab, Ali Ashgar (2003). 3398:Anti-Arab verses in the Shahnameh 3327:"Ferdowsi Shahnameh Introduction" 2805:(1987), a short Russian-language 2719:(also released in the same year). 2017:Ibn Esfandyar, the writer of the 1605:And all the land will talk of me: 1479:texts) have no relationship with 1426:became part of Georgian folklore. 905: 299:c. 50,000 depending on manuscript 8267: 7065: 7064: 7055: 7054: 6752: 6681: 6680: 6510:Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan) 5404:Rostam: Tales from the Shahnameh 4938:from the original on 30 May 2023 4864:from the original on 30 May 2023 4778:Fassihi, Farnaz (May 23, 2013). 4564:from the original on 17 May 2023 4293:from the original on 3 June 2023 4283:"Ferdowsi Shahnameh Manuscripts" 4066:Wiesehöfer, Josef (2011-01-01), 3583:. Translated by Gary Leiser and 3536:from the original on 17 May 2023 3429:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 138. 3304:. Biblo and Tannen. p. 10. 2950:, an 1853 poem by Matthew Arnold 2942:, an opera by Loris Tjeknavorian 2573:. The translation is unrhyming ( 2040:also paid much attention to the 1728:by Mowlana Muhammad Qudrat Allah 961: 311: 36: 9853: 9828: 9269:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi 8700:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer) 6960:A New Prologue to the Shahnameh 6923:Ferdowsi millennial celebration 5397:Modern English graphic novels: 5366: 5243:from the original on 2016-10-30 5229: 5199: 5188:from the original on 2017-06-23 5182:"Producer's web site (Persian)" 5174: 5152: 5123: 5112:from the original on 2023-08-04 5071:from the original on 2021-01-21 5053: 5000: 4981: 4950: 4919: 4876: 4843: 4829:Revue germanique internationale 4820: 4802: 4771: 4741: 4707: 4679: 4650: 4609: 4576: 4509: 4445:from the original on 2023-06-11 4426: 4401:from the original on 2021-05-12 4382: 4332:from the original on 2022-09-09 4274: 4243: 4210: 4180: 4151: 4059: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3989: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3953: 3904: 3871: 3858: 3837: 3742: 3729: 3657: 3615: 3598: 3573: 3548: 3515: 3462: 3443: 3418: 3389: 3364: 3349: 3318: 3290: 3259:"Ferdowsi, Abu'l Qāsem i. Life" 3250: 3224:Ashraf, Ahmad (30 March 2012). 3206:from the original on 2021-03-14 3181:from the original on 2023-12-25 3152:from the original on 2022-12-07 3123:from the original on 2023-12-25 3063:from the original on 2021-02-25 2844:Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi 2521:Academy of Sciences of the USSR 1992:Rahat al-Sodur wa Ayat al-Sorur 1734:by Taqqi Al-Din 'Awhadi Balyani 1172:. Western India, c. 1425–1450. 1152:was prepared in seven volumes. 972:needs additional citations for 752:Feast in its honor. Stories of 699: 567:is an epic poem of over 50,000 47:needs additional citations for 8340:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani 7360:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan 6789:Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 5653:in Persian, section by section 5392: 5007:Опера Баласаняна «Кузнец Кова» 4988:Опера Баласаняна «Кузнец Кова» 4659:A History of Islamic Societies 4616:John L. Esposito, ed. (1999). 3559:. Leiden: Brill. p. 276. 3373:Ferdowsī: A Critical Biography 3217: 3192: 3163: 3134: 3105: 3043: 3000: 2983: 2958:, an epic poem similar to the 2847:(2012), Indian Hindi-language 2773:produced a trilogy comprising 2444:, 1695. Chester Beatty Library 2287:The production of illustrated 2134:. These include the anonymous 1977:Majmal al-Tawarikh wa Al-Qasas 1677: 642:Kar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan 505: 495:celebrate this national epic. 1: 8448:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani 7688:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami 7438: 6902:Mohammad-Ali Eslami Nodooshan 6519:Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman) 5582:Folios from the Great Mongol 5474:Rostam: Battle with The Deevs 5374:Shāx-nāme: Kriticheskij Tekst 5271:Journal of Persianate Studies 5032:Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema 4356:. OUP Oxford. pp. 271–. 3587:. London: Routledge. p. 149. 3579:Köprülü, Mehmed Fuad (2006). 3302:Zurvan: a Zoroastrian Dilemma 3081:Lalani, Farah (13 May 2010). 3036: 2651:The Soviet Armenian composer 2551: 2072: 1995: 1981: 1433:Journal of Persianate Studies 1404:that is no longer extant. ... 1372:remarks on the connection of 1259:(d.1524), the founder of the 953:Influence on Persian language 795: 792:are related in this section. 413: 386:'The Book of Kings', 341: 6726: 6522:Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan 5553:, Iran Chamber Society, 2003 4657:Lapidus, Ira Marvin (2002). 4552:"Šāh-nāma iv. Illustrations" 4252:"ŠĀH-NĀMA iv. Illustrations" 4163:Fine Books & Collections 3949:. Tehran: Bahman Publishers. 3522:Perry, John (23 June 2010). 3458:. Tehran: Bahman Publishers. 3371:Shahbazi, A. Shapur (1991). 2931:, a performing art based on 2224:of cultural heritage items. 2222:Memory of the World Register 2182:Princeton University Library 2011:, written during the era of 1825:showed the influence of the 1772:Page from the manuscript of 1537:, 1221 the Seljuk sultan of 1529:is said to have recited the 1471:(whose sources are based on 1355:Memory of the World Register 1221:Ghiyath al-Din Kai-Khusraw I 1148:sent to the court of Sultan 677:) illustrating the story of 541:is a monument of poetry and 427:. Consisting of some 50,000 7: 9768:The Tale of Igor's Campaign 8151:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani 6815:List of places in Shahnameh 5509:Rostam: Search for the King 5345:, Nyköping, Sweden, 1993. ( 4753:Freer and Sackler Galleries 4620:The Oxford History of Islam 4074:, Brill, pp. 113–132, 3882:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia 2879: 2432:Fifth Trial - He Slays the 1308:in the heroic style of the 681:. Iran, late 12th century. 375: 10: 10007: 9921:11th-century Persian books 8229:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr 7322: 6516:Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid 6513:Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein) 5589:Metropolitan Museum of Art 5439:Rostam: Return of the King 5258: 5239:. En.isna.ir. 2016-05-01. 5016:(plot summary of each act) 3622:Savory, R. M. "Safavids". 3524:"Šāh-nāma v. Arabic Words" 3396:Khatibi, Abolfazl (2005). 2565:and at the request of the 2559:al-Fath bin Ali al-Bundari 2493:Charles Barbier de Meynard 2189:Persian miniature painting 2038:Hamdollah Mostowfi Qazwini 1963:The unknown writer of the 1695:Nezami 'Arudi-i Samarqandi 1265:Persian literary tradition 921: 664: 348:Metropolitan Museum of Art 18: 9789: 9603: 9413: 9355: 9295: 9251: 9205: 9111: 8937: 8855: 8746: 8637: 8617: 8601: 8545: 8499: 8483: 8453:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar 8290: 8277: 8273: 8262: 8197: 8162: 8093: 8061: 7996: 7989:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani 7952: 7825: 7706: 7556: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7433: 7380:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr 7330: 7317: 7280: 7267: 7176: 7149: 7128: 7050: 6969: 6941: 6915: 6854: 6838: 6802: 6761: 6750: 6734: 6676: 6600: 6532: 6503: 6424: 6360: 6333: 6290: 6207: 6181: 6105: 5897: 5839: 5776: 5769: 5619:Cambridge Digital Library 5326:, Spånga, Sweden, 1997. ( 4997:(description). 2011-07-28 4897:10.1017/S0020743800062413 4287:www.heritageinstitute.com 3864:Ferdowsi's poet, (2010). 3800:Blair, Sheila S. (1992). 3749:Frye, Richard N. (1963). 3497:Fischer, Michael (2004). 3356:Safa, Zabihollah (2000). 3331:www.heritageinstitute.com 2661: 2561:, a Persian scholar from 2373:Arthur M. Sackler Gallery 1759:Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp 1571: 800:Almost two-thirds of the 310: 303: 295: 285: 277: 269: 263:bahr-i mutaqarib-i mahzuf 255: 245: 231: 221: 211: 203: 195: 191: 181:Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp 162: 152: 145: 136: 9986:Poems adapted into films 8868:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh 7911:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo 7734:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi 7630:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani 7290:Old Persian inscriptions 5372:A. E. Bertels (editor), 5283:10.1163/187471609X445464 4686:Ahmed, Akbar S. (2002). 4258:. Encyclopædia Iranica. 3425:Katouzian, Homa (2013). 3410:: CS1 maint: location ( 2976: 2795:, narrates the story of 2665:) based on the story of 2456:, illustration from the 2172:Displays His Prowess at 2120:. Three sections of the 2116:in the tradition of the 1943:heroes in their poetry. 1931:Many other poets, e.g., 1877:, the court poet of the 1738: 518:cycle', fragment of the 447:in the seventh century. 19:Not to be confused with 9218:Houshang Moradi Kermani 8822:Houshang Moradi Kermani 8817:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi 8802:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh 8713:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei 8213:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani 8187:Abbas Foroughi Bastami 7272: 6784:Ferdowsi Street, Tabriz 6774:Ferdowsi Square, Tehran 5659:English translations by 4784:The Wall Street Journal 4312:Michael Burgan (2009). 4223:The Wall Street Journal 3298:Zaehner, Robert Charles 2613:was published in 2013. 2412:Zayn al-‛Abidin Tabrizi 2377:Smithsonian Institution 1708:("Abode of Spring") by 1595:Ferdowsi concludes the 1544:decorated the walls of 1483:. The Turanians of the 1349:, which is part of the 1241:Ala' al-Din Kai-Qubad I 1091:Modern Persian language 910:A brief mention of the 625:, such as the now-lost 419:and 1010 CE and is the 395:), also transliterated 345: 5th century A.D. 8670:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad 8221:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat 7842:Shams al-Din Qays Razi 7585:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 6897:Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi 6769:Ferdowsi Metro Station 6646:Rostam's Seven Labours 6525:Gang Castle (Gang-Dez) 6354: 6347: 6340: 5061:"Shirin Farhad (1956)" 4926:Loloi, Parvin (2014). 4852:"Ferdowsi, Abul Qasim" 4786:. IRAN. Archived from 4723:The Fitzwilliam Museum 3625:Encyclopaedia of Islam 3606:The Houghton Shahnameh 3056:. eprints.soas.ac.uk. 2995:[ʃɑːh.nɑː.ˈma] 2965:Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi 2917:Rostam's Seven Labours 2472: 2470:Bavarian State Library 2445: 2422: 2420:Chester Beatty Library 2214:illuminated manuscript 2184: 1974:The unknown writer of 1971:") written around 1053 1947:Persian historiography 1916: 1892: 1786: 1765: 1675: 1637: 1617: 1592: 1456: 1430:Farmanfarmaian in the 1428: 1406: 1366: 1326: 1267:, particularly by the 1253: 1176: 1075: 1069:Great Mongol Shahnameh 902: 900:Chester Beatty Library 718: 685: 527: 392:[ʃɒːh.nɒː.ˈme] 350: 9936:Epic poems in Persian 9206:Children's literature 9063:Rasoul Mollagholipour 8953:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad 8896:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi 8891:Alireza Koushk Jalali 8837:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi 8723:Shahriyar Mandanipour 7965:Shah Ni'matullah Wali 7809:Kamal al-Din Esfahani 7650:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani 7421:Shikand-gumanig Vizar 7404:Anthology of Zadspram 6641:Rostam and Esfandiyar 6353: 6346: 6339: 5564:Baysonghori Shahnameh 5313:Nāme-ye Irān-e Bāstān 4857:TheFreeDictionary.com 4585:"Bāysonḡorī Šāh-nāma" 4315:Empire of the Mongols 4229:on November 17, 2015. 3639:Arakelova, Victoria. 2912:Rostam and Esfandiyar 2599:Royal Asiatic Society 2451: 2428: 2405: 2180:. Shiraz, 1589–1590. 2168: 2085:remarks in his book, 2028:Tarikh-e Jahan Gushay 2013:'Ala ad-din KayGhobad 2009:Al-Awamir al-'Alaiyah 1906: 1882: 1881:, wrote of Ferdowsi: 1771: 1746: 1693:("Four Articles") by 1670: 1621: 1601: 1579: 1552:with verses from the 1542:Ala' al-Din Kay-kubad 1438: 1407: 1382: 1347:Baysonghori Shahnameh 1336: 1321: 1294:, a famous poet from 1209: 1163: 1062: 892:First Small Shahanama 885: 707: 672: 602:the seventh century. 587:) work, known as the 513: 331: 16:Epic poem by Ferdowsi 9916:11th century in Iran 9911:10th century in Iran 9653:La Chanson de Roland 9103:Sohrab Shahid-Saless 8968:Pouran Derakhshandeh 8948:Mohammad Reza Aslani 8886:Amir Reza Koohestani 8645:Ali Mohammad Afghani 8315:Mohammad Reza Aslani 8244:Mahmud Saba Kashani 7980:Fazlallah Astarabadi 7856:Afdal al-Din Kashani 7851:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī 7801:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 7683:Afdal al-Din Kashani 7497:Abu Tahir Khosrovani 7285:Behistun Inscription 6097:Eskandar (Alexander) 5672:Iran Chamber Society 5559:Encyclopædia Iranica 5357:Eleanor Sims. 1992. 5213:. 1 September 2012. 5037:Taylor & Francis 4932:Encyclopedia Iranica 4590:Encyclopædia Iranica 4557:Encyclopædia Iranica 3774:Encyclopædia Iranica 3724:Islamic Civilization 3671:Encyclopædia Iranica 3529:Encyclopædia Iranica 3469:Ansari, Ali (2012). 3264:Encyclopædia Iranica 3231:Encyclopædia Iranica 3142:"Shahnameh Ferdowsi" 2783:Skazanie o Siyavushe 2752:adventure drama film 2732:adventure drama film 2585:English translations 2501:Firdusii liber regum 2125:positive. After the 1815:was inspired by the 1525:. The Seljuk sultan 1329:On Georgian identity 1174:The David Collection 1073:Freer Gallery of Art 981:improve this article 721:This portion of the 683:Freer Gallery of Art 632:as sources as well. 533:started writing the 278:Published in English 56:improve this article 9696:The Siege of Sziget 9439:Book of Dede Korkut 9349:National epic poems 9028:Varuzh Karim-Masihi 8767:Abolhassan Etessami 8685:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi 8537:Abdul Ali Mustaghni 8522:Khalilullah Khalili 8462:Manouchehr Sheybani 8438:Tahereh Saffarzadeh 8345:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar 8302:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales 7944:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani 7789:Faramarz-e Khodadad 7375:Shabuhragan of Mani 7169:(1963 Tjeknavorian) 6907:Mohammad-Amin Riahi 6892:Keikhosrow Shahrokh 5267:Arjomand, Saïd Amir 5135:aliakbarsadeghi.com 5131:"Zal & Simorgh" 3697:Farmanfarmaian 2009 2803:Kova the Blacksmith 2657:Kova the Blacksmith 2458:Shahnameh-ye Kajuri 2081:The Arab historian 2019:Tarikh-e Tabarestan 1732:Arafat Al-'Ashighin 1700:Tazkeret Al-Shu'ara 1370:Jamshid Giunashvili 1285:Muhammad Shaybani's 1205:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü 1071:. Tabriz, c. 1330. 806:Alexander the Great 788:, and his grandson 776:and his three sons 9926:11th-century poems 9172:Ebrahim Pourdavoud 9157:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask 9127:Najaf Daryabandari 8988:Behrouz Gharibpour 8832:Shahrnush Parsipur 8807:Aboutorab Khosravi 8709:Aboutorab Khosravi 8573:Gulrukhsor Safieva 8491:Edward Haghverdian 8155:Rasa Salim Tehrani 7874:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi 7861:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi 7517:Abusaeid Abolkheir 7456:Muhammad ibn Wasif 7411:Zand-i Wahman yasn 7370:Dana-i Menog Khrat 7355:Book of Arda Viraf 7261:Persian literature 6862:Abolhassan Sadighi 6846:Firdeusi Institute 6657:Khosrow and Shirin 6495:Other locations... 6355: 6348: 6341: 5599:2017-10-28 at the 5277:(1). BRILL: 1–43. 5164:2023-01-16 at the 5159:Кузнец Кова (1987) 5012:2023-01-16 at the 4993:2023-01-16 at the 4850:Osmanov, M. N. O. 4237:2015-11-17 at the 3718:2013-09-28 at the 2896:List of places in 2775:Skazanie o Rustame 2699:Khosrow and Shirin 2647:In popular culture 2595:East India Company 2569:ruler of Damascus 2542:Arabic translation 2476:Scholarly editions 2473: 2446: 2423: 2365:Fitzwilliam Museum 2185: 2161:Illustrated copies 2058:Majma' al-Tawarikh 1901:In a famous poem, 1823:Masud Sa'ad Salman 1787: 1766: 1665:West-Eastern Divan 1649:Persian literature 1593: 1582:Big Head Shahnameh 1459:On Turkic identity 1384:The names of many 1367: 1283:. After defeating 1177: 1170:Jainesque Shahnama 1156:Cultural influence 1076: 935:Mohammad Reza Shah 903: 719: 711:Florence Shahnameh 686: 528: 351: 9976:Persian mythology 9946:Filicides in Iran 9931:Alexander Romance 9824: 9823: 9780:Cantar de mio Cid 9563:Epic of Gilgamesh 9539:Hikayat Seri Rama 9525:Hikayat Hang Tuah 9513:Phra Lak Phra Lam 9315: 9314: 9291: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9238:Farhad Hasanzadeh 9177:Hamid Samandarian 9118:Amrollah Abjadian 9083:Fereydoun Rahnema 9048:Mohsen Makhmalbaf 9033:Samuel Khachikian 9018:Ebrahim Hatamikia 8929:Mohammad Yaghoubi 8925:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi 8792:Houshang Golshiri 8705:Houshang Golshiri 8665:Mahshid Amirshahi 8650:Ghazaleh Alizadeh 8633: 8632: 8568:Abolqasem Lahouti 8563:Iskandar Khatloni 8476:Fereydoon Moshiri 8423:Mohammad Mokhtari 8383:Forugh Farrokhzad 8335:Manouchehr Atashi 8258: 8257: 8254: 8253: 8247: 8241: 8233: 8225: 8217: 8209: 8190: 8179: 8142: 8138:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil 8131: 8118: 8110: 8081: 8077:Muhtasham Kashani 8073: 8049: 8041: 8033: 7929:Nozhat al-Majales 7925: 7883: 7870: 7866:Mahmud Shabistari 7833:Abu Tahir Tarsusi 7818: 7805: 7797: 7786: 7778: 7770: 7738: 7719:Suzani Samarqandi 7663:Abu-al-Faraj Runi 7654: 7626: 7618: 7614:Masud Sa'd Salman 7610: 7602: 7589: 7581: 7573: 7529: 7521: 7492:Abu Shakur Balkhi 7429: 7428: 7365:Cube of Zoroaster 7335:Ayadgar-i Zariran 7313: 7312: 7227: 7226: 7193:Sohrab and Rustum 7166:Rostam and Sohrab 7158:Rustam and Zohrab 7112:Rostam and Sohrab 7078: 7077: 7034:Rustam and Zohrab 7026:Rostam and Sohrab 7013:Persian mythology 6933:Firdousi (crater) 6867:Abu-Mansur Daqiqi 6694: 6693: 6668:Persian mythology 6663:Bijan and Manijeh 6636:Rostam and Sohrab 6331: 6330: 6107:Female characters 6087:Rostam Farrokhzād 6032:Zangay-i Shavaran 5523:978-0-9770213-4-5 5488:978-0-9770213-3-8 5453:978-0-9770213-2-1 5105:978-1-350-05011-2 5046:978-1-135-94325-7 4790:on March 25, 2018 4490:978-1-78042-893-2 4363:978-0-19-163693-6 4325:978-1-60413-163-5 4256:iranicaonline.org 4144:978-1-78673-664-2 4119:978-1-78673-664-2 4089:978-90-04-21193-3 3843:Ferdowsi (2006). 3508:978-0-8223-8551-6 3480:978-0-521-86762-7 3436:978-0-415-63689-6 2990:Classical Persian 2947:Sohrab and Rustum 2939:Rostam and Sohrab 2904:List of women in 2825:Mohammad Nourizad 2793:Ali Akbar Sadeghi 2789:Zal & Simorgh 2760:Prithviraj Kapoor 2653:Sergey Balasanian 2452:Rostam kills the 2359:In honour of the 2150:Ayina-i Iskandari 2118:Alexander Romance 2104:Alexander legends 1420:Rostam and Sohrāb 1337:A battle between 1225:Persian mythology 1164:Rostam Kills the 1067:, folio from the 1057: 1056: 1049: 1031: 865:Bijan and Manijeh 853:Rostam and Sohrab 679:Bijan and Manijeh 573:Early New Persian 385: 373: 326: 325: 236:Persian mythology 226:Classical Persian 147:The Book of Kings 132: 131: 124: 106: 9998: 9981:Poems in Persian 9956:Historical poems 9951:Ghaznavid Empire 9881: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9865:Mazda Publishers 9857: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9832: 9342: 9335: 9328: 9319: 9318: 9259:Aydin Aghdashloo 9088:Rasul Sadr Ameli 9078:Kambuzia Partovi 9038:Abbas Kiarostami 9023:Abdolreza Kahani 9003:Ebrahim Golestan 8983:Farrokh Ghaffari 8978:Bahman Farmanara 8911:Abbas Nalbandian 8787:Ebrahim Golestan 8754:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad 8690:Soudabeh Fazaeli 8588:Mirzo Tursunzoda 8583:Payrav Sulaymoni 8418:Shams Langeroodi 8374:Parviz Eslampour 8330:Aminollah Rezaei 8297:Ahmadreza Ahmadi 8288: 8287: 8275: 8274: 8264: 8263: 8245: 8239: 8231: 8223: 8215: 8207: 8188: 8177: 8146:Naw'i Khabushani 8140: 8129: 8116: 8108: 8079: 8071: 8047: 8039: 8031: 7975:Abu Ali Qalandar 7923: 7881: 7868: 7816: 7803: 7795: 7784: 7776: 7764: 7757:Najm al-Din Razi 7736: 7652: 7624: 7616: 7608: 7600: 7587: 7579: 7571: 7527: 7519: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7434: 7400:Dadestan-i Denig 7319: 7318: 7269: 7268: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7231: 7230: 7161:(1910 Hajibeyov) 7105: 7098: 7091: 7082: 7081: 7068: 7067: 7058: 7057: 6882:Hooshang Seyhoun 6794:Tomb of Ferdowsi 6756: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6698: 6697: 6684: 6683: 6305:House of Goudarz 5774: 5773: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5685:Internet Archive 5624:Resources about 5594:Shahnama Project 5537: 5536: 5535: 5526:, archived from 5502: 5501: 5500: 5491:, archived from 5467: 5466: 5465: 5456:, archived from 5432: 5431: 5430: 5421:, archived from 5337:Shirzad Aghaee, 5318:Shirzad Aghaee, 5302:Bengali language 5286: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5178: 5172: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5137:. Archived from 5127: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5089: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5026: 5017: 5004: 4998: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4755:. Archived from 4745: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4729:on 11 April 2012 4725:. Archived from 4711: 4705: 4704: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4623: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4547: 4528: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4417: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4247: 4241: 4230: 4225:. Archived from 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4165:. Archived from 4155: 4149: 4148: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4044:. Archived from 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3938: 3927: 3926: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3885: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3856: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3819: 3818: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3746: 3740: 3733: 3727: 3711:Bosworth, C.E. " 3709: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3645: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3619: 3613: 3602: 3596: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3494: 3485: 3484: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3409: 3401: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3278: 3276: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3175:Mehr News Agency 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3062: 3055: 3047: 3030: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2987: 2970:Shahrokh Meskoob 2868:The Last Fiction 2807:cutout animation 2779:Rustam i Sukhrab 2664: 2663: 2556: 2553: 2460:, first Iranian 2418:, c. 1590–1600. 2314:A resurgence of 2295:(1380–1468) and 2077: 2074: 2024:Muhammad Juwayni 2000: 1997: 1986: 1983: 1789:Famous poets of 1726:Natayej al-Afkar 1683:Sargozasht-Nameh 1668:. Goethe wrote: 1521:since advent of 1493:Eurasian Steppes 1424:Bījan and Maniža 1388:heroes, such as 1374:Georgian culture 1277:Shāhnāma-i Shāhī 1193:Layla and Majnun 1150:Mahmud of Ghazni 1106:in their works. 1052: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1032: 1030: 989: 965: 957: 867:, the wars with 828:, whose own son 524:Hermitage Museum 520:Penjikent murals 500:Persian language 463:and the greater 418: 415: 394: 389: 380: 378: 368: 366: 346: 343: 315: 314: 270:Publication date 199: 198: 167: 158: 141: 134: 133: 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 40: 32: 10006: 10005: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9874: 9872: 9859: 9858: 9854: 9844: 9842: 9834: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9820: 9785: 9599: 9470:Vepkhistkaosani 9409: 9351: 9346: 9316: 9311: 9283: 9274:Ehsan Yarshater 9247: 9233:Poopak NikTalab 9201: 9192:Ahmad Tafazzoli 9107: 9098:Parviz Shahbazi 9053:Dariush Mehrjui 9013:Abolfazl Jalili 8933: 8851: 8812:Mostafa Mastoor 8777:Simin Daneshvar 8742: 8738:Iraj Pezeshkzad 8733:Mansour Koushan 8680:Simin Daneshvar 8629: 8613: 8597: 8541: 8495: 8479: 8470:She'r-e Nimaa'i 8433:Yadollah Royaee 8408:Siavash Kasraie 8388:Hossein Monzavi 8378:Parvin E'tesami 8365:Hushang Ebtehaj 8355:Simin Behbahani 8310:Qeysar Aminpour 8286: 8269: 8250: 8193: 8183:Neshat Esfahani 8158: 8114:Asir-e Esfahani 8089: 8057: 7992: 7948: 7901:Bahram-e-Pazhdo 7838:Awhadi Maraghai 7821: 7747:Falaki Shirvani 7724:Hassan Ghaznavi 7702: 7698:Mahsati Ganjavi 7658:Uthman Mukhtari 7552: 7460: 7440: 7425: 7416:Drakht-i Asurig 7326: 7309: 7276: 7263: 7258: 7228: 7223: 7217:Farsala Trilogy 7185:Rustom O Sohrab 7172: 7145: 7124: 7109: 7079: 7074: 7046: 7041:Rustom O Sohrab 6995:Derafsh Kaviani 6965: 6943: 6937: 6911: 6887:Julius von Mohl 6850: 6834: 6798: 6779:Ferdowsi Street 6757: 6748: 6730: 6725: 6695: 6690: 6672: 6631:Zal and Rudabeh 6621:Derafsh Kaviani 6596: 6568:of Shah Tahmasp 6528: 6499: 6420: 6362: 6356: 6327: 6315:House of Nowzar 6292: 6286: 6203: 6177: 6101: 5899:Male characters 5893: 5835: 5765: 5754: 5601:Wayback Machine 5577:Brooklyn Museum 5570:Pages from the 5545: 5533: 5531: 5524: 5506: 5498: 5496: 5489: 5471: 5463: 5461: 5454: 5436: 5428: 5426: 5419: 5401: 5395: 5369: 5293: 5291:Further reading 5261: 5256: 5255: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5166:Wayback Machine 5157: 5153: 5144: 5142: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5115: 5113: 5106: 5090: 5083: 5074: 5072: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5027: 5020: 5014:Wayback Machine 5005: 5001: 4995:Wayback Machine 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4924: 4920: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4848: 4844: 4837:10.4000/rgi.403 4825: 4821: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4776: 4772: 4762: 4760: 4759:on 25 June 2012 4747: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4684: 4680: 4669: 4655: 4651: 4636: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4581: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4548: 4531: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4455: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4431: 4427: 4411: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4335: 4333: 4326: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4281:Eduljee, K. E. 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4248: 4244: 4239:Wayback Machine 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4172: 4170: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4064: 4060: 4051: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3939: 3930: 3923: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3876: 3872: 3863: 3859: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3822: 3812: 3798: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3765: 3758: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3730: 3720:Wayback Machine 3710: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3628:(2nd ed.). 3620: 3616: 3603: 3599: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3467: 3463: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3423: 3419: 3403: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3369: 3365: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3295: 3291: 3274: 3272: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3222: 3218: 3209: 3207: 3202:. BBC Culture. 3198: 3197: 3193: 3184: 3182: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3155: 3153: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3124: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3033: 3005: 3001: 2992:pronunciation: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2882: 2849:romantic comedy 2835:, biography of 2756:Vishram Bedekar 2750:(1963), Indian 2727:(1956), Indian 2707:Jehanara Kajjan 2693:(1931), Indian 2649: 2631:Il libro dei re 2629:with the title 2619: 2617:Other languages 2587: 2571:Al-Mu'azzam Isa 2554: 2544: 2489:Julius von Mohl 2478: 2400: 2398:Modern editions 2390:(translated by 2384:Hamid Rahmanian 2340:of Shah Tahmasp 2163: 2106: 2075: 1998: 1984: 1949: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1853:Khosro-o-Shirin 1837:Othman Mokhtari 1833:court of India. 1763:Aga Khan Museum 1753:, Miniature by 1741: 1680: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1574: 1461: 1363:Golestan Palace 1331: 1290:, Ismail asked 1261:Safavid dynasty 1158: 1053: 1042: 1036: 1033: 990: 988: 978: 966: 955: 924: 912:Arsacid dynasty 908: 798: 702: 690:Sasanian Empire 667: 659:Zabihollah Safa 597:(590–628). The 526:. 7-8th-century 508: 469:Persian culture 445:Muslim conquest 416: 405:written by the 387: 344: 312: 240:history of Iran 187: 185:Aga Khan Museum 177:Sultan Muhammad 175:, Miniature by 153: 137: 128: 117: 111: 108: 65: 63: 53: 41: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10004: 9994: 9993: 9991:Samanid Empire 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9883: 9882: 9852: 9826: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9811: 9806: 9799: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9783: 9776: 9771: 9764: 9759: 9752: 9747: 9740: 9735: 9728: 9723: 9716: 9711: 9704: 9699: 9692: 9687: 9680: 9673: 9668: 9665:Nibelungenlied 9661: 9656: 9649: 9644: 9637: 9632: 9625: 9620: 9613: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9590: 9585: 9578: 9575:Silappatikaram 9571: 9566: 9559: 9554: 9547: 9542: 9535: 9532:Sejarah Melayu 9528: 9521: 9516: 9509: 9504: 9497: 9492: 9485: 9478: 9473: 9466: 9461: 9454: 9447: 9442: 9435: 9430: 9423: 9417: 9415: 9411: 9410: 9408: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9388: 9385:The Araucaniad 9377: 9372: 9365: 9359: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9345: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9322: 9313: 9312: 9296: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9255: 9253: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9245: 9243:Ramak NikTalab 9240: 9235: 9230: 9228:Hengameh Mofid 9225: 9223:Babak NikTalab 9220: 9215: 9213:Samad Behrangi 9209: 9207: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9152:Saleh Hosseini 9149: 9147:Ramak NikTalab 9144: 9142:Sadegh Hedayat 9139: 9134: 9132:Mohammad Ghazi 9129: 9124: 9122:Jaleh Amouzgar 9119: 9115: 9113: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9093:Mohammad Sadri 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9058:Reza Mirkarimi 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8993:Bahman Ghobadi 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8973:Asghar Farhadi 8970: 8965: 8963:Hajir Darioush 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8941: 8939: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8906:Hengameh Mofid 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8872:Mohsen Yalfani 8870: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8842:Bahram Sadeghi 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8797:Sadegh Hedayat 8794: 8789: 8784: 8782:Nader Ebrahimi 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8756: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8660:Reza Amirkhani 8657: 8652: 8647: 8641: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8625:Muhammad Iqbal 8621: 8619: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8593:Satim Ulugzade 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8553:Sadriddin Ayni 8549: 8547: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8532:Massoud Nawabi 8529: 8527:Youssof Kohzad 8524: 8519: 8514: 8512:Wasef Bakhtari 8509: 8503: 8501: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8473: 8463: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8443:Sohrab Sepehri 8440: 8435: 8430: 8428:Nosrat Rahmani 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8325:Ahmad NikTalab 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8306:Hormoz Alipour 8304: 8299: 8294: 8292: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8271: 8270: 8260: 8259: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8242: 8234: 8226: 8218: 8210: 8201: 8199: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8191: 8185: 8180: 8172: 8170:Hatef Esfahani 8166: 8164: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8135: 8132: 8124: 8119: 8117:(c. 1620–1648) 8111: 8103: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8074: 8065: 8063: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8050: 8042: 8034: 8026: 8024:Kamal Khujandi 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7934:Khwaju Kermani 7931: 7926: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7884: 7876: 7871: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7840: 7835: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7811: 7806: 7798: 7793:Nizami Ganjavi 7790: 7787: 7779: 7771: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7619: 7611: 7603: 7598:Qatran Tabrizi 7595: 7590: 7582: 7574: 7566: 7560: 7558: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7522: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7479: 7474: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7442: 7441: 7431: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7350:Book of Jamasp 7347: 7342: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7315: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7256: 7249: 7242: 7234: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7221: 7213: 7205: 7197: 7189: 7180: 7178: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7162: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7108: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7085: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7062: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7022: 7019:Persians and I 7015: 7010: 7005: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6956: 6947: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6724: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6586: 6578: 6570: 6562: 6554: 6545: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6489: 6484: 6482:Mount Damavand 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6416:White Elephant 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6372: 6366: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6320:House of Sasan 6317: 6312: 6310:House of Viseh 6307: 6302: 6296: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6213: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6187: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5879:Humay Chehrzad 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5771: 5767: 5766: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5681: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5646: 5641: 5633: 5621: 5609: 5604: 5591: 5579: 5567: 5556: 5549:Iraj Bashiri, 5544: 5543:External links 5541: 5540: 5539: 5522: 5504: 5487: 5469: 5452: 5434: 5417: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5377: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5354: 5335: 5316: 5309: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5228: 5198: 5173: 5151: 5122: 5104: 5081: 5052: 5045: 5018: 4999: 4980: 4957:Lyden, Jacki. 4949: 4918: 4875: 4842: 4831:(7): 125–137. 4819: 4801: 4770: 4740: 4706: 4696: 4678: 4667: 4649: 4634: 4608: 4575: 4529: 4508: 4489: 4469: 4425: 4381: 4362: 4342: 4324: 4304: 4273: 4242: 4209: 4179: 4150: 4143: 4125: 4118: 4100: 4088: 4058: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3961: 3952: 3943:Hasti Magazine 3928: 3921: 3903: 3896: 3870: 3857: 3836: 3820: 3810: 3792: 3756: 3741: 3728: 3701: 3689: 3656: 3631: 3614: 3597: 3585:Robert Dankoff 3572: 3565: 3547: 3514: 3507: 3486: 3479: 3461: 3452:Hasti Magazine 3442: 3435: 3417: 3388: 3381: 3363: 3348: 3317: 3310: 3289: 3249: 3216: 3191: 3177:. 2023-05-15. 3162: 3133: 3104: 3073: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3031: 2999: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2951: 2943: 2935: 2924: 2922:Zal and Rudaba 2919: 2914: 2909: 2901: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2876: 2864: 2840: 2818: 2800: 2786: 2769:In 1971–1976, 2767: 2743: 2720: 2701:, directed by 2648: 2645: 2618: 2615: 2591:James Atkinson 2586: 2583: 2543: 2540: 2516:British Museum 2477: 2474: 2399: 2396: 2267:Ibrahim Sultan 2162: 2159: 2157:, and others. 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2079: 2068:Habab al-Siyar 2060: 2056:(1430) in the 2051: 2044:and wrote the 2035: 2021: 2015: 2002: 1988: 1972: 1959:and Ferdowsi: 1948: 1945: 1929: 1928: 1917: 1899: 1893: 1872: 1864:Eskandar-nameh 1849:Nizami Ganjavi 1846: 1840: 1834: 1820: 1806: 1782:adaptation of 1751:tests his sons 1740: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1721:Mohammad 'Awfi 1716:Lubab ul-Albab 1712: 1703: 1697: 1691:Chahar Maqaleh 1679: 1676: 1590:British Museum 1573: 1570: 1489:Iranian people 1460: 1457: 1330: 1327: 1296:Jam (Khorasan) 1157: 1154: 1133:Nibelungenlied 1055: 1054: 969: 967: 960: 954: 951: 923: 920: 907: 906:Historical age 904: 836:and Zal's son 797: 794: 708:Page from the 701: 698: 666: 663: 651:Modern Persian 611:Samanid Empire 585:Middle Persian 543:historiography 507: 504: 467:influenced by 441:Persian Empire 324: 323: 308: 307: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 287: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 271: 267: 266: 259: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 193: 192:Original title 189: 188: 168: 160: 159: 150: 149: 143: 142: 130: 129: 44: 42: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10003: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9961:Iranian books 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9870: 9866: 9862: 9856: 9841: 9837: 9831: 9827: 9817: 9816: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9757: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9733: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9721: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9709: 9708:Divine Comedy 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9685: 9681: 9679: 9678: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9666: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9642: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9596: 9595: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9583: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9527: 9526: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9501:Epic of Manas 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9486: 9484: 9483: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9412: 9406: 9405: 9401: 9399: 9398: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9369:Martín Fierro 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9354: 9350: 9343: 9338: 9336: 9331: 9329: 9324: 9323: 9320: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9294: 9280: 9279:Ahmad Kasravi 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9264:Ali Latifiyan 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9204: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9187:Jafar Shahidi 9185: 9183: 9182:Jalal Sattari 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9167:Mohammad Moin 9165: 9163: 9162:Ahmad Shamlou 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9137:Lili Golestan 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8998:Fereydun Gole 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8958:Bahram Beyzai 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944:Saeed Aghighi 8943: 8942: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8876:Bahram Beyzai 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8747:Short stories 8745: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8728:Abbas Maroufi 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8718:Ahmad Mahmoud 8716: 8714: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8695:Reza Ghassemi 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8675:Reza Baraheni 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8636: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8578:Loiq Sher-Ali 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8507:Nadia Anjuman 8505: 8504: 8502: 8498: 8492: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8467: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8458:Ahmad Shamlou 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8393:Hushang Irani 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8350:Reza Baraheni 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8265: 8261: 8243: 8238: 8235: 8230: 8227: 8222: 8219: 8214: 8211: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8196: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8139: 8136: 8133: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8122:Kalim Kashani 8120: 8115: 8112: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8085:'Orfi Shirazi 8083: 8078: 8075: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8051: 8046: 8043: 8038: 8035: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8009:Salman Savaji 8007: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7939:Badr Shirvani 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7922: 7921:Homam Tabrizi 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7906:Pur-Baha Jami 7904: 7902: 7899: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7885: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7815: 7814:Shams Tabrizi 7812: 7810: 7807: 7802: 7799: 7794: 7791: 7788: 7783: 7780: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7729:Faramarz Nama 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7705: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7635:Ahmad Ghazali 7633: 7631: 7628: 7623: 7620: 7615: 7612: 7607: 7606:Nizam al-Mulk 7604: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7586: 7583: 7578: 7575: 7570: 7569:Nasir Khusraw 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7543:Kisai Marvazi 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7526: 7523: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7502:Shahid Balkhi 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7436: 7432: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7390:Menog-i Khrad 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7316: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7250: 7248: 7243: 7241: 7236: 7235: 7232: 7219: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7201:Rustom Sohrab 7198: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7071: 7063: 7061: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944:others' works 6942:Depictions in 6940: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839:Organizations 6837: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6722: 6717: 6715: 6710: 6708: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6687: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6652: 6651:Davazdah Rokh 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6548:Great Mongol 6546: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387:Koulad-Ghandi 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374:Kharvazan Div 6373: 6371: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6359: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6289: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6199:Mehrab Kaboli 6197: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5667:Helen Zimmern 5665: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5530:on 2020-08-12 5529: 5525: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5495:on 2020-08-12 5494: 5490: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5460:on 2020-01-22 5459: 5455: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5425:on 2019-12-23 5424: 5420: 5418:0-9770213-1-9 5414: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381:The Shahnameh 5378: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5362: 5360: 5355: 5352: 5351:91-630-1959-0 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5332:91-630-5369-1 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5216: 5212: 5211:The Economist 5208: 5202: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5155: 5141:on 2016-11-09 5140: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5088: 5086: 5070: 5066: 5065:Indiancine.ma 5062: 5056: 5048: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5025: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5008: 5003: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4984: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4710: 4703: 4699: 4697:0-415-28525-9 4693: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4668:0-521-77933-2 4664: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4644: 4637: 4635:0-19-510799-3 4631: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4612: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4473: 4465: 4459: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4421: 4415: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4355: 4354: 4346: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4240: 4236: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4213: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4169:on 2020-08-03 4168: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4146: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4121: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4091: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4048:on 2007-09-28 4047: 4043: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3992: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3924: 3922:1-86064-675-1 3918: 3914: 3907: 3899: 3897:0-684-80617-7 3893: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3763: 3761: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3732: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3699:, p. 24. 3698: 3693: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3642: 3635: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3438: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3413: 3407: 3399: 3392: 3384: 3382:0-939214-83-0 3378: 3374: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325:Eduljee, Ed. 3321: 3313: 3311:0-8196-0280-9 3307: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3286: 3284: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3253: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3137: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3077: 3059: 3052: 3046: 3042: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2955:Vis and Rāmin 2952: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2885: 2884: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821:Chehel Sarbaz 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2758:and starring 2757: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2747:Rustom Sohrab 2744: 2741: 2740:Pradeep Kumar 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2724:Shirin Farhad 2721: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2705:and starring 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2690:Shirin Farhad 2687: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2512:E. E. Bertels 2509: 2504: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2284:manuscripts. 2283: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2271:Moḥammad Juki 2268: 2264: 2261:'s grandsons— 2260: 2256: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2200:Great Mongol 2197: 2196: 2190: 2183: 2179: 2178:Peck Shahnama 2175: 2171: 2167: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2143:Iskandarnameh 2139: 2138: 2137:Iskandarnameh 2133: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2112:contains the 2111: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2003: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1967:("History of 1966: 1965:Tarikh Sistan 1962: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1636: 1633: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1600: 1598: 1591: 1588:, 1493–1494. 1587: 1583: 1578: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1502:According to 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1381: 1379: 1376:with that of 1375: 1371: 1364: 1361:, 1426–1430. 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1345:, Folio from 1344: 1340: 1335: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1298:, to write a 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1051: 1048: 1040: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1001: 998: – 997: 993: 992:Find sources: 986: 982: 976: 975: 970:This section 968: 964: 959: 958: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 929: 919: 917: 913: 901: 897: 893: 889: 884: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 726: 724: 717: 713: 712: 706: 697: 695: 691: 684: 680: 676: 671: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 643: 638: 633: 631: 629: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 603: 600: 599:Khwadāy-Nāmag 596: 592: 591: 590:Khwadāy-Nāmag 586: 582: 579:. This prose 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 554:of Abu-Mansur 553: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 525: 521: 517: 512: 503: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:national epic 411: 408: 404: 400: 399: 393: 383: 377: 371: 362: 358: 357: 349: 339: 335: 330: 322: 318: 309: 306: 302: 298: 294: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 258: 254: 251: 248: 244: 241: 237: 234: 230: 227: 224: 220: 217: 214: 210: 206: 202: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 173: 166: 161: 157: 151: 148: 144: 140: 135: 126: 123: 115: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: – 72: 68: 67:Find sources: 61: 57: 51: 50: 45:This article 43: 39: 34: 33: 30: 26: 22: 9873:. Retrieved 9864: 9855: 9843:. Retrieved 9840:UCLA Library 9839: 9830: 9813: 9803:Kebra Nagast 9801: 9778: 9766: 9754: 9742: 9730: 9718: 9706: 9694: 9682: 9675: 9663: 9651: 9639: 9627: 9615: 9592: 9580: 9573: 9561: 9550: 9549: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9511: 9499: 9487: 9480: 9468: 9456: 9449: 9437: 9425: 9402: 9395: 9384: 9380: 9367: 9197:Abbas Zaryab 9073:Jafar Panahi 9043:Majid Majidi 8881:Bahman Forsi 8847:Goli Taraqqi 8772:Javad Mojabi 8762:Sadeq Chubak 8758:Shamim Bahar 8655:Bozorg Alavi 8609:Asad Gulzoda 8466:Nima Yooshij 8403:Bijan Jalali 8320:Aref Qazvini 8268:Contemporary 8205:Mirza Ghalib 8175:Azar Bigdeli 8134:Saba Kashani 8127:Hazin Lāhiji 8106:Saib Tabrizi 8069:Vahshi Bafqi 8053:Baba Faghani 8029:Ahli Shirazi 8004:Ubayd Zakani 7879:Amir Khusrau 7869:(1288–1320s) 7846:Sultan Walad 7673:Banu Goshasp 7622:Omar Khayyam 7512:Rabia Balkhi 7485: 7395:Jamasp Namag 7215: 7207: 7199: 7191: 7183: 7164: 7156: 7120: 7119: 7039: 7032: 7024: 7017: 7001: 6978: 6977:Abu-Mansuri 6958: 6950: 6742: 6741: 6655: 6626:Babr-e Bayan 6614: 6613:Abu-Mansuri 6590: 6582: 6573: 6565: 6558: 6553:(or Demotte) 6549: 6541: 6324:House of Sām 6150:Banu Goshasp 5757: 5756: 5677: 5671: 5650: 5649:Text of the 5636: 5625: 5613: 5583: 5571: 5563: 5550: 5532:, retrieved 5528:the original 5508: 5497:, retrieved 5493:the original 5473: 5462:, retrieved 5458:the original 5438: 5427:, retrieved 5423:the original 5403: 5396: 5380: 5373: 5367:Persian text 5358: 5338: 5319: 5312: 5297: 5274: 5270: 5245:. Retrieved 5231: 5219:. Retrieved 5210: 5201: 5190:. Retrieved 5176: 5170:Kinorium.com 5169: 5154: 5143:. Retrieved 5139:the original 5134: 5125: 5114:. Retrieved 5094: 5073:. Retrieved 5064: 5055: 5031: 5002: 4983: 4971:. Retrieved 4962: 4952: 4940:. Retrieved 4931: 4921: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4868:11 September 4866:. Retrieved 4855: 4845: 4828: 4822: 4814:www.ebay.com 4813: 4804: 4792:. Retrieved 4788:the original 4783: 4773: 4761:. Retrieved 4757:the original 4752: 4743: 4731:. Retrieved 4727:the original 4722: 4716: 4709: 4701: 4687: 4681: 4672: 4658: 4652: 4642: 4639: 4619: 4611: 4599:. Retrieved 4588: 4578: 4566:. Retrieved 4555: 4516: 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4479: 4472: 4447:. Retrieved 4438: 4428: 4403:. Retrieved 4394: 4384: 4372:. Retrieved 4352: 4345: 4334:. Retrieved 4314: 4307: 4295:. Retrieved 4286: 4276: 4264:. Retrieved 4255: 4245: 4227:the original 4222: 4212: 4200:. Retrieved 4191: 4182: 4171:. Retrieved 4167:the original 4162: 4153: 4134: 4128: 4109: 4103: 4093:, retrieved 4071: 4061: 4050:. Retrieved 4046:the original 4036: 4027: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3973: 3964: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3912: 3906: 3881: 3873: 3865: 3860: 3844: 3839: 3831: 3815: 3801: 3795: 3783:. Retrieved 3772: 3750: 3744: 3736: 3731: 3723: 3692: 3680:. Retrieved 3669: 3659: 3647:. Retrieved 3634: 3623: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3580: 3575: 3556: 3550: 3538:. Retrieved 3527: 3517: 3498: 3470: 3464: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3426: 3420: 3397: 3391: 3372: 3366: 3357: 3351: 3339:. Retrieved 3330: 3320: 3301: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3273:. Retrieved 3262: 3252: 3240:. Retrieved 3229: 3219: 3208:. Retrieved 3194: 3183:. Retrieved 3174: 3165: 3154:. Retrieved 3146:shahnameh.eu 3145: 3136: 3125:. Retrieved 3116: 3107: 3095:. Retrieved 3086: 3076: 3065:. Retrieved 3045: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3002: 2985: 2959: 2953: 2945: 2937: 2932: 2926: 2905: 2897: 2888: 2866: 2842: 2820: 2802: 2788: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2745: 2723: 2714: 2689: 2681: 2679: 2674: 2656: 2650: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2622: 2620: 2602: 2588: 2574: 2550:was done in 2547: 2545: 2535: 2527: 2525: 2507: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2462:lithographed 2438:Kangra style 2430:Esfandiyar's 2387: 2381: 2368: 2360: 2358: 2352: 2344: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2315: 2313: 2293:Qara Qoyunlu 2288: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2252: 2247: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2208: 2207:Baysonghori 2201: 2194: 2186: 2155:Amir Khusrau 2148: 2142: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2109: 2107: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2066: 2057: 2054:Hafez-e Abru 2045: 2041: 2027: 2018: 2008: 1991: 1975: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1940: 1930: 1920: 1907: 1883: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1826: 1816: 1813:Garshaspnama 1812: 1802: 1788: 1783: 1773: 1747: 1731: 1725: 1714: 1705: 1699: 1690: 1682: 1681: 1671: 1663: 1655: 1653: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1602: 1599:by writing: 1596: 1594: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1530: 1518: 1516: 1504:Richard Frye 1501: 1496: 1484: 1468: 1462: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1431: 1429: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1401: 1392:, Thehmine, 1385: 1383: 1377: 1368: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1303: 1299: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1254: 1210: 1202: 1197: 1191: 1184: 1178: 1145: 1142:Nizami Aruzi 1137: 1131: 1125: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1063:The bier of 1043: 1034: 1024: 1017: 1010: 1003: 991: 979:Please help 974:verification 971: 946: 943:Ali Shariati 932: 927: 925: 909: 842: 801: 799: 729: 727: 722: 720: 709: 700:Mythical age 693: 687: 654: 640: 634: 626: 622: 618: 604: 598: 588: 580: 564: 562: 557: 551: 538: 534: 529: 497: 489:Turkmenistan 432: 425:Greater Iran 407:Persian poet 401:, is a long 397: 396: 355: 354: 352: 304: 262: 169: 146: 138: 118: 112:January 2023 109: 99: 92: 85: 78: 66: 54:Please help 49:verification 46: 29: 9906:1010s books 9744:Os Lusíadas 9732:Pan Tadeusz 9582:Manimekalai 9482:Mahabharata 9427:Sasna Dzrer 9381:La Araucana 9308:Afghanistan 9112:Translators 9068:Amir Naderi 8938:Screenplays 8921:Pari Saberi 8901:Bijan Mofid 8827:Bijan Najdi 8517:Raziq Faani 8500:Afghanistan 8413:Esmail Khoi 8370:Bijan Elahi 8246:(1813–1893) 8240:(1808–1854) 8232:(1801–1880) 8224:(1800–1871) 8216:(1779–1837) 8208:(1797–1869) 8189:(1798–1857) 8178:(1722–1781) 8141:(1642–1720) 8130:(1692–1766) 8109:(1607–1670) 8101:Taleb Amoli 8080:(1500–1588) 8072:(1523–1583) 8048:(1487–1524) 8040:(1483–1556) 8032:(1454–1535) 7924:(1238–1314) 7882:(1253–1325) 7804:(1149–1209) 7796:(1141–1209) 7785:(1126–1189) 7777:(1120–1190) 7737:(1155–1191) 7653:(1098–1131) 7625:(1048–1131) 7617:(1046–1121) 7609:(1018–1092) 7601:(1009–1072) 7588:(1006–1088) 7580:(1058–1111) 7572:(1004–1088) 7407:Warshtmansr 7196:(epic poem) 7008:Persian art 6985:Bizhan Nama 6557:Baysonghor 6533:Manuscripts 6383:Div-e Sepid 6378:Arzhang Div 6363:and animals 5864:Kay Lohrasp 5859:Kay Khosrow 5393:Adaptations 4674:traditions. 4480:Persian Art 4266:October 14, 4042:"QudsDaily" 3242:11 December 3087:The Ismaili 3024:Shaahnaameh 2861:Boman Irani 2662:Кузнец Кова 2627:Italo Pizzi 2611:Ahmad Sadri 2607:Reuben Levy 2555: 1220 2468:, 1851–53. 2464:Shahnameh. 2392:Ahmad Sadri 2275:Baysunghur 2076: 1523 1999: 1206 1985: 1126 1879:Shirvanshah 1858:Haft Peykar 1678:Biographies 1527:Toghrul III 1339:Kai Khosrow 1239:; and that 1229:Kai Khosrow 1181:Shirvanshah 996:"Shahnameh" 898:, c. 1300. 894:. Possibly 675:mina'i ware 635:Many other 571:written in 506:Composition 457:Afghanistan 207:977–1010 CE 71:"Shahnameh" 21:Shahab Nama 9901:1010 works 9890:Categories 9629:Kalevipoeg 9569:Tamil Nadu 9433:Azerbaijan 9304:Tajikistan 9008:Ali Hatami 8916:Akbar Radi 8863:Reza Abdoh 8602:Uzbekistan 8546:Tajikistan 8398:Iraj Mirza 7742:Adib Sabir 7678:Borzu-Nama 7645:Manuchehri 7593:Asadi Tusi 7577:Al-Ghazali 7564:Bābā Tāher 7528:(980–1037) 7520:(967–1049) 7385:Bundahishn 7129:Characters 6990:Borzu Nama 6872:Asadi Tusi 6830:Zabulistan 6576:of Rashida 6504:Structures 6477:Alborzkouh 6472:Mazandaran 6442:Zabulistan 6361:Creatures 6300:Kashvadian 6155:Gordafarid 6002:Esfandiyār 5874:Kay Bahman 5778:Pishdadian 5770:Characters 5534:2017-03-22 5514:Hyperwerks 5499:2017-03-22 5479:Hyperwerks 5464:2017-03-22 5444:Hyperwerks 5429:2017-03-22 5409:Hyperwerks 5306:Bangladesh 5247:2016-10-29 5221:7 November 5192:2017-06-26 5145:2017-06-26 5116:2020-11-03 5075:2020-11-03 4568:14 October 4525:0754633675 4501:10 October 4449:2015-11-11 4405:2015-11-11 4374:10 October 4336:2020-10-10 4173:2007-08-31 4095:2024-03-11 4052:2007-08-25 3853:0670034851 3811:9004093672 3785:14 October 3593:0415366860 3566:9004129421 3283:Šāh-nāma's 3210:2021-06-09 3185:2023-12-25 3156:2023-12-25 3127:2023-12-25 3067:2020-01-25 3037:References 2891:characters 2857:Farah Khan 2711:sound film 2703:J.J. Madan 2532:Dick Davis 2410:, made by 2408:Shah Abbas 2347:of Rashida 2322:era. Shah 2297:Aq Qoyunlu 2263:Baysunghur 2063:Khwand Mir 2047:Zafarnamah 1921:Baharestan 1809:Asadi Tusi 1775:Rostomiani 1706:Baharestan 1566:Iranianism 1512:Qarakhanid 1078:After the 1037:March 2022 1007:newspapers 916:Ardashir I 796:Heroic age 647:Ardashir I 595:Khosrow II 493:Uzbekistan 461:Tajikistan 453:Azerbaijan 417: 977 334:Bahram Gur 321:Wikisource 317:Shah Nameh 290:manuscript 286:Media type 232:Subject(s) 82:newspapers 25:Chach Nama 9896:Shahnameh 9720:Lāčplēsis 9551:Shahnameh 9451:Trai Bhet 9397:O Uraguai 9363:Argentina 9252:Essayists 7960:Ibn Yamin 7486:Shahnameh 7439:Classical 7295:Ganjnameh 7121:Shahnameh 7002:Shahnameh 6979:Shahnameh 6743:Shahnameh 6615:Shahnameh 6591:Shahnameh 6583:Shahnameh 6574:Shahnameh 6566:Shahnameh 6559:Shahnameh 6550:Shahnameh 6542:Shahnameh 6540:Florence 6491:Kasa-Roud 6462:Ctesiphon 6391:Huma bird 6370:Akvan Div 6291:Clans and 6282:Biderafsh 5927:Kayanoush 5884:Kay Darab 5854:Kay Kāvus 5849:Kay Kawād 5816:Manuchehr 5758:Shahnameh 5651:Shahnameh 5614:Shahnamah 5561:entry on 5300:into the 5298:Shahnameh 4942:8 October 4913:162740442 4794:August 4, 4717:Shahnameh 4643:Shahnameh 4297:22 August 3406:cite book 3051:"History" 3008:romanized 2960:Shahnameh 2933:Shahnameh 2906:Shahnameh 2898:Shahnameh 2889:Shahnameh 2833:Esfandiar 2771:Tajikfilm 2736:Madhubala 2682:Shahnameh 2675:Shahnameh 2673:from the 2638:Shahnameh 2623:Shahnameh 2603:Shahnameh 2579:Cambridge 2548:Shahnameh 2536:Shahnameh 2528:Shahnameh 2508:Shahnameh 2482:Shahnameh 2454:White Div 2388:Shahnameh 2369:Shahnameh 2361:Shahnameh 2353:Shahnameh 2345:Shahnameh 2338:Shahnameh 2333:Shahnameh 2329:Shahnameh 2316:Shahnameh 2289:Shahnameh 2282:Shahnameh 2277:Shahnameh 2248:Shahnameh 2244:Abu Sa'id 2235:Shahnameh 2229:Shahnameh 2209:Shahnameh 2202:Shahnameh 2195:Shahnameh 2193:Houghton 2145:of Nizami 2132:Shahnameh 2127:Shahnameh 2122:Shahnameh 2110:Shahnameh 2097:Shahnameh 2083:Ibn Athir 2042:Shahnameh 1957:Shahnameh 1953:Shahnameh 1941:Shahnameh 1869:Shahnameh 1867:used the 1831:Ghaznavid 1827:Shahnameh 1817:Shahnameh 1803:Shahnameh 1784:Shahnameh 1757:from the 1755:Aqa Mirak 1656:Shahnameh 1645:Shahnameh 1641:Shahnameh 1597:Shahnameh 1562:Shahnameh 1558:Shahnameh 1554:Shahnameh 1531:Shahnameh 1519:Shahnameh 1497:Shahnameh 1485:Shahnameh 1469:Shahnameh 1378:Shahnameh 1317:Shahnameh 1310:Shahnameh 1305:mathnawis 1300:Shahnameh 1273:Shahnameh 1269:Shahnameh 1237:Kai Kobad 1233:Kay Kāvus 1198:Shahnameh 1185:Shahnameh 1146:Shahnameh 1138:Shahnameh 1119:Shahnameh 1112:Shahnameh 1104:Shahnameh 1099:Shahnameh 1095:Shahnameh 1084:Shahnameh 1080:Shahnameh 928:Shahnameh 890:from the 877:Esfandyar 810:Kayanians 802:Shahnameh 790:Manuchehr 744:, son of 734:Sasanians 730:Shahnameh 723:Shahnameh 694:Shahnameh 655:Shahnameh 619:Shahnameh 615:Zoroaster 581:Shahnameh 565:Shahnameh 558:Shahnameh 552:Shahnameh 539:Shahnameh 535:Shahnameh 433:Shahnameh 403:epic poem 370:romanized 356:Shahnameh 305:Full text 250:epic poem 179:from the 170:Court of 139:Shahnameh 9966:Mathnawi 9941:Ferdowsi 9875:15 April 9869:Archived 9845:15 April 9815:Sundiata 9797:Ethiopia 9738:Portugal 9641:Kalevala 9594:Ramakien 9588:Thailand 9519:Malaysia 9489:Ramayana 9445:Cambodia 9404:Caramuru 9356:Americas 8618:Pakistan 8360:Dehkhoda 8045:Ismail I 7895:Golestān 7817:(d.1248) 7714:Iranshah 7525:Avicenna 7482:Ferdowsi 7220:(novels) 7116:Ferdowsi 7070:Template 7060:Category 7000:Kurdish 6952:Ferdowsi 6916:Memorial 6728:Ferdowsi 6686:Category 6581:Windsor 6487:Tammisha 6411:Shabrang 6293:families 6277:Nastihan 6237:Afrasiab 6232:Garsivaz 6227:Aghrirat 6209:Turanian 6168:Katāyoun 6164:Manizheh 6160:Farangis 6130:Sindukht 6125:Shahrnāz 6022:Siyâvash 6017:Fariborz 6012:Faramarz 6007:Pashotan 5972:Gershasp 5967:Gostaham 5917:Shahrasp 5869:Goshtasb 5841:Kayanian 5831:Garshasp 5806:Fereydun 5796:Tahmuras 5786:Keyumars 5763:Ferdowsi 5669:, 1883, 5626:Shahnama 5597:Archived 5584:Shahnama 5516:, 2010, 5481:, 2008, 5446:, 2007, 5411:, 2005, 5343:Ferdousi 5324:Ferdousi 5241:Archived 5215:Archived 5186:Archived 5162:Archived 5110:Archived 5069:Archived 5010:Archived 4991:Archived 4973:27 March 4967:Archived 4936:Archived 4862:Archived 4595:Archived 4562:Archived 4495:Archived 4458:cite web 4443:Archived 4414:cite web 4399:Archived 4368:Archived 4330:Archived 4291:Archived 4260:Archived 4235:Archived 4196:Archived 3779:Archived 3716:Archived 3676:Archived 3610:Volume I 3534:Archived 3335:Archived 3300:(1955). 3269:Archived 3236:Archived 3204:Archived 3179:Archived 3150:Archived 3121:Archived 3091:Archived 3058:Archived 3016:Shahnama 3012:Šāhnāmeh 2887:List of 2880:See also 2837:Ferdowsi 2764:Premnath 2729:romantic 2716:Alam Ara 2382:In 2013 2351:Windsor 2349:and the 2324:Ismail I 2255:Timurids 2240:Ilkhanid 2233:Demotte 2198:and the 2170:Gushtasp 2088:Al-Kamil 2032:Ilkhanid 2005:Ibn Bibi 1780:Georgian 1749:Fereydun 1535:Ibn Bibi 1465:Turanian 1448:Shahnama 1443:Shahnama 1416:Šāh-nāma 1411:Šāh-nāma 1402:Šāh-nāma 1390:Rostom-i 1386:Šāh-nāma 1343:Afrasiab 1257:Ismail I 1217:Anatolia 1189:Nizami's 1166:Turanian 1065:Iskandar 939:regicide 869:Afrasiab 857:Siyavash 822:Garshasp 774:Fereydun 754:Tahmuras 738:Keyumars 673:Beaker ( 628:Chihrdad 569:couplets 531:Ferdowsi 477:Dagestan 471:such as 437:mythical 429:distichs 412:between 410:Ferdowsi 398:Shahnama 246:Genre(s) 222:Language 172:Keyumars 156:Ferdowsi 9690:Hungary 9684:Odyssey 9659:Germany 9635:Finland 9623:Estonia 9617:Beowulf 9611:England 9464:Georgia 9458:Reamker 9421:Armenia 8558:Farzona 8484:Armenia 7774:Khaqani 7693:Mu'izzi 7640:Hujwiri 7507:Bal'ami 7345:Dēnkard 7029:(opera) 6970:Related 6877:Bundari 6601:Related 6589:Davari 6467:Estakhr 6406:Shabdiz 6396:Simurgh 6222:Pashang 6217:Zadashm 6145:Tahmina 6140:Sudabeh 6120:Arnavāz 6115:Faranak 6082:Shaghad 6042:Goudarz 6037:Kashvad 5977:Nariman 5889:Dara II 5801:Jamshid 5791:Hushang 5629:at the 5587:at the 5575:at the 5259:Sources 4232:Alt URL 3341:Oct 24, 3028:Şahname 3020:Šahname 2928:Naqqāli 2593:of the 2567:Ayyubid 2563:Isfahan 2434:Simurgh 2375:of the 2320:Safavid 2309:Baghdad 2242:sultan 2065:in the 1919:In the 1905:wrote: 1875:Khaqani 1523:Seljuks 1487:are an 1477:Pahlavi 1365:Library 1281:Tahmasp 1227:, like 1213:Seljuks 1123:Homer's 1021:scholar 922:Message 826:Nariman 818:Sistani 758:Jamshid 742:Hushang 665:Content 637:Pahlavi 522:in the 481:Georgia 473:Armenia 384: 376:Šāhnāme 372:: 365:شاهنامه 361:Persian 212:Country 204:Written 197:شاهنامه 96:scholar 9790:Africa 9762:Russia 9756:Aeneid 9726:Poland 9714:Latvia 9671:Greece 9647:France 9604:Europe 9495:Kyrgyz 9391:Brazil 8638:Novels 8278:Poetry 8037:Fuzuli 8014:Hatefi 7985:Nasimi 7891:Bustan 7782:Anvari 7767:c.1220 7765:(1142– 7548:Ayyuqi 7538:Asjadi 7533:Unsuri 7477:Daqiqi 7472:Rudaki 7324:Middle 7212:(film) 7204:(film) 7188:(play) 7150:Operas 7141:Sohrab 7136:Rostam 6955:(film) 6855:People 6810:Ghazni 6762:Places 6608:Daqiqi 6447:Sistan 6425:Places 6401:Rakhsh 6272:Barman 6267:Houman 6252:Arjasp 6247:Shideh 6242:Tageuo 6194:Zahhak 6190:Mardas 6183:Tazian 6173:Azadeh 6135:Rudaba 6092:Barbad 6077:Zavara 6072:Gorgin 6062:Bahram 6057:Rohham 6052:Bizhan 5997:Sohrab 5992:Rostam 5912:Siamak 5907:Jamasp 5821:Nowzar 5520: 5485: 5450: 5415: 5349: 5330: 5102: 5043: 4911: 4905:176284 4903: 4763:29 May 4733:29 May 4694: 4665: 4632: 4601:18 May 4523: 4487: 4360: 4322: 4202:28 May 4192:UNESCO 4141: 4116: 4086: 3919: 3894: 3851: 3808: 3722:". In 3682:28 May 3649:28 May 3591: 3563: 3540:28 May 3505: 3477: 3433: 3379: 3308: 3275:27 May 3097:24 May 2873:Zahhak 2829:Rostam 2811:Zahhak 2713:after 2667:Zahhak 2466:Tehran 2442:Kangra 2416:Qazvin 2307:, and 2305:Shiraz 2301:Tabriz 2269:, and 2218:UNESCO 2147:, the 2140:, the 1969:Sistan 1903:Sa'adi 1799:Anvari 1791:Persia 1660:Goethe 1643:. The 1572:Legacy 1473:Avesta 1452:Nezāmi 1398:Zaal-i 1351:UNESCO 1292:Hatefi 1288:Uzbeks 1235:, and 1023: 1016: 1009: 1002: 994: 896:Tabriz 873:Daqiqi 861:Sudaba 849:Rostam 845:Rudaba 838:Rostam 784:, and 762:Zahhak 746:Siamak 607:Daqiqi 516:Rostam 485:Turkey 465:region 338:Azadeh 98: 91: 84: 77: 69: 9774:Spain 9702:Italy 9677:Iliad 9557:Sumer 9476:India 9375:Chile 8856:Plays 8237:Qaani 8198:1800s 8163:1700s 8094:1600s 8062:1500s 7997:1400s 7970:Hafez 7953:1300s 7887:Saadi 7826:1200s 7762:Attar 7752:Am'aq 7707:1100s 7668:Sanai 7557:1000s 7177:Other 7114:from 6820:Turan 6803:Lands 6735:Books 6457:Balkh 6452:Kabul 6437:Turan 6262:Piran 6257:Viseh 6067:Hojir 6027:Farud 5957:Qaren 5952:Qobád 5937:Arash 5922:Abtin 4909:S2CID 4901:JSTOR 3644:(PDF) 3061:(PDF) 3054:(PDF) 3006:Also 2977:Notes 2853:Parsi 2815:Kaveh 2695:Hindi 2671:Kaveh 2575:nathr 2259:Timur 2212:, an 2093:'Ajam 1933:Hafez 1896:Attar 1843:Sanai 1739:Poets 1586:Gilan 1550:Sivas 1546:Konya 1481:Turks 1422:, or 1396:, or 1394:Sam-i 1359:Herat 1255:Shah 1249:Sivas 1245:Konya 1127:Iliad 1028:JSTOR 1014:books 888:folio 770:Kaveh 750:Sadeh 623:nasks 296:Lines 257:Meter 103:JSTOR 89:books 9877:2024 9847:2024 9809:Mali 9750:Rome 9545:Iran 9507:Laos 9414:Asia 9300:Iran 8291:Iran 8019:Jami 7916:Rumi 7465:900s 7449:800s 6432:Iran 5962:Tous 5942:Salm 5932:Kāve 5826:Zaav 5811:Iraj 5518:ISBN 5483:ISBN 5448:ISBN 5413:ISBN 5347:ISBN 5328:ISBN 5223:2020 5100:ISBN 5041:ISBN 4975:2017 4944:2015 4870:2010 4796:2017 4765:2012 4735:2012 4692:ISBN 4663:ISBN 4630:ISBN 4603:2012 4570:2011 4521:ISBN 4503:2020 4485:ISBN 4464:link 4420:link 4376:2020 4358:ISBN 4320:ISBN 4299:2016 4268:2011 4204:2012 4139:ISBN 4114:ISBN 4084:ISBN 3917:ISBN 3892:ISBN 3849:ISBN 3806:ISBN 3787:2011 3684:2012 3651:2012 3589:ISBN 3561:ISBN 3542:2012 3503:ISBN 3475:ISBN 3431:ISBN 3412:link 3377:ISBN 3343:2022 3306:ISBN 3277:2012 3244:2018 3099:2010 2859:and 2831:and 2813:and 2781:and 2762:and 2738:and 2680:The 2669:and 2253:The 2174:Polo 2108:The 2034:era) 1951:The 1937:Rumi 1925:Jami 1861:and 1710:Jami 1548:and 1508:Iran 1475:and 1409:The 1341:and 1324:etc. 1315:The 1247:and 1179:The 1117:The 1000:news 859:and 814:Saka 786:Iraj 778:Salm 766:Kawa 563:The 547:Iran 491:and 449:Iran 382:lit. 353:The 336:and 281:1832 273:1010 216:Iran 75:news 7274:Old 7118:'s 6825:Tus 6047:Giv 5987:Zāl 5982:Sām 5947:Tur 5761:of 5678:MIT 5617:in 5279:doi 4963:NPR 4893:doi 4833:doi 4626:364 4076:doi 3026:or 3010:as 2797:Zāl 2557:by 2220:'s 2153:of 1719:by 1539:Rum 1467:of 1353:'s 1215:of 983:by 834:Zal 830:Sam 816:or 782:Tur 768:or 577:Tus 423:of 319:at 154:by 58:by 23:or 9892:: 9867:. 9863:. 9838:. 9302:, 7893:/ 5719:, 5715:, 5711:, 5707:, 5703:, 5699:, 5695:, 5691:, 5687:: 5675:, 5512:, 5477:, 5442:, 5407:, 5273:. 5209:. 5184:. 5168:. 5133:. 5108:. 5084:^ 5067:. 5063:. 5039:. 5035:. 5021:^ 4965:. 4961:. 4934:. 4930:. 4907:. 4899:. 4889:27 4887:. 4860:. 4854:. 4812:. 4782:. 4751:. 4721:. 4700:. 4671:. 4638:. 4628:. 4593:. 4587:. 4560:. 4554:. 4532:^ 4493:. 4460:}} 4456:{{ 4441:. 4437:. 4416:}} 4412:{{ 4397:. 4393:. 4366:. 4328:. 4289:. 4285:. 4254:. 4221:. 4194:. 4190:. 4161:. 4082:, 4070:, 3945:. 3931:^ 3890:. 3888:48 3823:^ 3814:. 3777:. 3771:. 3759:^ 3704:^ 3674:. 3668:. 3608:. 3532:. 3526:. 3489:^ 3454:. 3408:}} 3404:{{ 3333:. 3329:. 3279:. 3267:. 3261:. 3234:. 3228:. 3173:. 3148:. 3144:. 3119:. 3115:. 3089:. 3085:. 3022:, 3018:, 3014:, 2777:, 2605:: 2552:c. 2440:. 2414:. 2303:, 2265:, 2250:. 2073:c. 1996:c. 1982:c. 1935:, 1923:, 1855:, 1778:, 1761:. 1651:. 1584:. 1568:. 1436:: 1380:: 1357:. 1231:, 1207:: 879:. 871:, 855:, 851:, 780:, 772:, 764:, 760:, 756:, 661:. 487:, 483:, 479:, 475:, 459:, 455:, 451:, 414:c. 379:, 367:, 363:: 342:c. 238:, 183:. 9879:. 9849:. 9383:/ 9341:e 9334:t 9327:v 9310:. 8472:) 8468:( 7897:) 7889:( 7769:) 7488:) 7484:( 7253:e 7246:t 7239:v 7104:e 7097:t 7090:v 6720:e 6713:t 6706:v 5749:e 5742:t 5735:v 5721:9 5717:8 5713:7 5709:6 5705:5 5701:4 5697:3 5693:2 5689:1 5555:. 5353:) 5334:) 5285:. 5281:: 5275:2 5250:. 5225:. 5195:. 5148:. 5119:. 5078:. 5049:. 4977:. 4946:. 4915:. 4895:: 4872:. 4839:. 4835:: 4816:. 4798:. 4767:. 4737:. 4719:" 4605:. 4572:. 4527:. 4505:. 4466:) 4452:. 4422:) 4408:. 4378:. 4339:. 4301:. 4270:. 4206:. 4176:. 4147:. 4122:. 4078:: 4055:. 3947:4 3925:. 3900:. 3855:. 3789:. 3686:. 3653:. 3595:. 3569:. 3544:. 3511:. 3483:. 3456:4 3439:. 3414:) 3385:. 3360:. 3345:. 3314:. 3246:. 3213:. 3188:. 3159:. 3130:. 3101:. 3070:. 2875:. 2863:. 2817:. 2785:. 2766:. 2742:. 2659:( 2071:( 2030:( 2001:) 1994:( 1987:) 1980:( 1050:) 1044:( 1039:) 1035:( 1025:· 1018:· 1011:· 1004:· 977:. 630:, 514:' 359:( 265:) 125:) 119:( 114:) 110:( 100:· 93:· 86:· 79:· 52:. 27:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index