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General Commission of German Trade Unions

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The commission promoted some standardisation among its members, encouraging them to set up insurance funds to cover strikes, travel, health, and death. It argued that unions must actively recruit women as members, although the process proved slow. It also argued for increases in membership fees, to
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workers who took the day off. In response, the various unions representing metal and engineering workers called for a union conference, to look at the implications of this defeat. On 16 and 17 November, trade union leaders met in Berlin, and agreed to found the General Commission of German Trade
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split away from the SPD, in opposition to war loans, the commission remained loyal to the SPD, but began calling more clearly for political and social reforms. In December 1918, with the SPD in power, the commission participated in founding the Central Working Group for Industrial and Commercial
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By the second half of the 1890s, Legien was arguing that the unions were no longer a recruitment school for the SPD, but were mass industrial organisations, of whom only a minority of members would become political activists. In 1905, the commission voted against the use of
222:, there was a strong tendency towards mergers, with the number of affiliates falling from 70 in 1890, to 46 in 1914, even as overall affiliated membership increased rapidly. By 1904, affiliated membership had reached 1,100,000, and in 1914, it hit 2,500,000. 238:
argued that there were limits to what trade unions could achieve without undertaking political activity. The commission maintained its position, writing "Contributions to the Appreciation of the Work of the German Trade Unions" in response.
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The new organisation brought together unions representing a total of 290,000 members. It initially focused on activities which affiliates were unable or unwilling to undertake. On 1 January 1891, it launched a journal,
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strengthen the unions, and this led unions to take on more employees - numbers rising from 269 in 1900, to 2,867 in 1914. While it remained neutral on whether craft unions should merge to form
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Employers and Employees in Germany. The unions were legally recognised as the representatives of the workers, but were compelled to negotiate with employers through formal structures.
214:, it was strongly opposed by local unions. These tended to be associated with the left-wing of the SPD, and argued unsuccessfully for the unions to play a major political role. 210:, at which a majority agreed to support the formation of national, centralised unions. While this approach was favoured by the existing central unions, and by smaller, 1536: 395: 119: 246:, arguing for a moratorium on political debate and industrial action. As the war continued, popular support for it fell, along with union membership. When the 1434: 2089: 1987: 1459: 2606: 1887: 203:, to promote membership recruitment and support. Initially, the new organisation struggled, and affiliated membership fell from 215,000 in 1892. 1382: 2601: 2114: 2591: 2596: 319: 2581: 230:
for political end, against the opposition of the SPD. While the party leadership sought to smooth over the difference in opinion,
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which had prohibited socialist political parties and trade unions. Despite this, many of those trade unions which did exist, the
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In November 1919, the commission held its tenth congress, and voted to reform as the
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vocally opposed the lack of political activity among the trade unions, and even
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The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914
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in 1890 up to 1919. In 1919, a successor organisation was named the
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Union of Coopers, Cellar Managers, and Helpers in Germany
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Central Union of Carpenters and Kindred Trades of Germany
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The following unions were affiliated from 1904 onwards:
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Central Union of Asphalters and Roof Felters of Germany
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Union of Book and Stone Printing Assistants of Germany
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In January 1890, the Reichstag refused to extend the
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Central Union of Glaziers and Related Professionals
206:In March 1892, the commission called a congress in 2090:Union of Stone Setters, Pavers and Kindred Trades 1988:Union of Porcelain and Related Workers of Germany 1460:Union of Bookbinders and Paper Workers of Germany 137:Generalkommission der Gewerkschaften Deutschlands 23:Generalkommission der Gewerkschaften Deutschlands 2573: 2220:Mommsen, Wolfgang; Husung, Hans-Gerhard (2017). 1888:Union of Lithographers and Lithographic Printers 1835:Union of Insulation and Screed Layers of Germany 1511:Union of Cigar Sorters and Box Gluers of Germany 242:The commission supported German involvement in 1383:Union of Bakers and Related Workers of Germany 489:Central Union of Confectionery and Gingerbread 442:Central Union of Civilian Musicians in Germany 2219: 2115:Union of Tailors and Dressmakers in Germany 2049:Merged into Saddlers & Portfolio Makers 2024:Merged into Saddlers & Portfolio Makers 2326: 2303: 2301: 2215: 2213: 2211: 1685:Union of Flower, Feather and Leaf Workers 740:Central Union of Ship Builders of Germany 320:Central Union of Bakers and Confectioners 129:General Commission of German Trade Unions 17:General Commission of German Trade Unions 201:Correspondenzblatt der Generalkommission 110:Correspondenzblatt der Generalkommission 2607:National trade union centers of Germany 2516: 2439: 2275: 2273: 2271: 788:Central Union of Stonemasons of Germany 588:Central Union of Machinists and Stokers 153:Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund 2574: 2443:Die Deutschen Gewertschaften 1891-1904 2381: 2379: 2298: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2208: 2063:Union of Saddlers and Portfolio Makers 1396:Merged into Bakers & Confectioners 1362:Union of Alsace-Lorraine Book Printers 1048:Merged into Brewery & Mill Workers 763:Central Union of Shoemakers of Germany 501:Merged into Bakers & Confectioners 358:Merged into Brewery & Mill Workers 2549: 1439:Buch- und Steinbruderei-Hilfsarbeiter 515:Central Union of Construction Workers 465:Central Union of Commercial Employees 256:General German Trade Union Federation 33:General German Trade Union Federation 2268: 2251:"Auf dem Weg zur Massenorganisation" 1963:Union of Office Employees of Germany 1938:Union of Municipal and State Workers 1811:Union of Hairdressers and Assistants 1635:Union of Domestic Workers of Germany 175:, had come to work closely with the 2602:Trade unions disestablished in 1919 2496: 2470:"DER WEG ZUR INDUSTRIEGEWERKSCHAFT" 2376: 2238: 714:Central Union of Sailors of Germany 420:Central Union of Carvers of Germany 248:Independent Social Democratic Party 13: 2467: 2359:"Ja zur Kriegspolitik des Kaisers" 1736:Union of German Restaurant Workers 1365:Buckdrucker (Elsaß-Lothringischen) 1340:Music Engravers' Assistants' Union 911:German Construction Workers' Union 860:German Agricultural Workers' Union 177:Social Democratic Party of Germany 14: 2618: 2592:1919 disestablishments in Germany 2151:Merged into Commercial Assistants 1485:Union of Brewery and Mill Workers 813:Factory Workers' Union of Germany 2597:Trade unions established in 1890 2525:"Etzkorn, Friedrich (1874-1946)" 2499:"Deutscher Landarbeiter-Verband" 2309:"Endlich gelingt der Durchbruch" 2281:"Aufgaben der Generalkommission" 1862:Union of Laundry and Tie Workers 1847:Merged into Construction Workers 1785:Union of Glove Makers of Germany 1660:Union of Engravers and Chiselers 1584:Union of Upholsterers of Germany 1561:Union of Coppersmiths of Germany 651:Merged into Construction Workers 626:Merged into Construction Workers 528:Merged into Construction Workers 346:Central Union of Brewery Workers 191:Unions, under the leadership of 155:, and then in 1949, the current 2582:Defunct trade unions of Germany 2556:. ADGB. p. 2101–2106 2553:Zentralverband der Angestellten 2542: 2490: 2461: 1242:German Transport Workers' Union 837:General German Gardeners' Union 186:in 1890. In Hamburg, employers 2587:1890 establishments in Germany 2433: 2404: 2351: 1171:German Shipyard Workers' Union 1: 2391:Geschichte der Gewerkschaften 2363:Geschichte der Gewerkschaften 2338:Geschichte der Gewerkschaften 2285:Geschichte der Gewerkschaften 2255:Geschichte der Gewerkschaften 2201: 1892:Lithographen und Steindrucker 1711:Union of German Book Printers 1621:Merged into Transport Workers 1266:German Umbrella Makers' Union 1217:German Tobacco Workers' Union 1192:German Textile Workers' Union 1156:Merged into Transport Workers 1144:German Railway Workers' Union 987:German Leather Workers' Union 727:Merged into Transport Workers 542:Central Union of Glassworkers 261: 72:Engelufer 62–64, Berlin 1489:Brauerei- und Mühlenarbeiter 886:German Choral Singers' Union 22: 7: 2334:"Debatte über Massenstreik" 2313:Geschichte der Gewerkschaft 2189: 1874:Merged into Garment Workers 1797:Merged into Leather Workers 1697:Merged into Factory Workers 1608:Union of Dockers of Germany 1523:Merged into Tobacco Workers 1012:German Metal Workers' Union 639:Central Union of Plasterers 157:Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund 139:) was an umbrella body for 10: 2623: 2412:"Ausgabe Adressen Beilage" 2139:Union of Warehouse Workers 1913:Union of Miners of Germany 1318:German Xylographers' Union 1294:German Wood Workers' Union 1036:German Mill Workers' Union 182:Large celebrations marked 162: 42:16 November 1890 2176:Merged into Lithographers 2012:Union of Portfolio Makers 1672:Merged into Metal Workers 1421:Merged into Metal Workers 962:German Hat Workers' Union 372:Central Union of Butchers 115: 105: 92: 76: 68: 53: 38: 28: 21: 2529:Friedrich Ebert Stiftung 2503:Friedrich Ebert Stiftung 2477:Friedrich Ebert Stiftung 2224:. Taylor & Francis. 2067:Sattler und Portfeuiller 1942:Gemeindebetriebearbeiter 1772:Merged into Wood Workers 1278:Merged into Wood Workers 690:Central Union of Roofers 665:Central Union of Potters 432:Merged into Wood Workers 2440:Brunner, Louis (1905). 2164:Photographic Assistants 1062:German Musicians' Union 613:Central Union of Masons 592:Maschinisten und Heizer 1663:Graveure und Ciseleure 1091:German Painters' Union 938:German Furriers' Union 147:, from the end of the 136: 2387:"Viele Zerreißproben" 454:Merged into Musicians 324:Bäcker und Konditoren 57:5 July 1919 2550:Urban, Otto (1931). 2548:Figure is for 1914: 2522:Figure is for 1914: 2167:Photographengehilfen 1409:Union of Blacksmiths 1116:German Railway Union 2419:Gewerkschaftspresse 2128:Transferred to ADGB 2103:Transferred to ADGB 2076:Transferred to ADGB 2001:Transferred to ADGB 1976:Transferred to ADGB 1951:Transferred to ADGB 1926:Transferred to ADGB 1901:Transferred to ADGB 1824:Transferred to ADGB 1749:Transferred to ADGB 1724:Transferred to ADGB 1648:Transferred to ADGB 1596:Transferred to ADGB 1574:Transferred to ADGB 1550:Transferred to ADGB 1498:Transferred to ADGB 1473:Transferred to ADGB 1448:Transferred to ADGB 1352:Transferred to ADGB 1330:Transferred to ADGB 1307:Transferred to ADGB 1255:Transferred to ADGB 1230:Transferred to ADGB 1205:Transferred to ADGB 1129:Transferred to ADGB 1104:Transferred to ADGB 1075:Transferred to ADGB 1025:Transferred to ADGB 1000:Transferred to ADGB 975:Transferred to ADGB 951:Transferred to ADGB 924:Transferred to ADGB 898:Transferred to ADGB 873:Transferred to ADGB 849:Transferred to ADGB 826:Transferred to ADGB 801:Transferred to ADGB 776:Transferred to ADGB 752:Transferred to ADGB 703:Transferred to ADGB 678:Transferred to ADGB 601:Transferred to ADGB 577:Transferred to ADGB 555:Transferred to ADGB 478:Transferred to ADGB 409:Transferred to ADGB 385:Transferred to ADGB 333:Transferred to ADGB 307:Transferred to ADGB 169:Anti-Socialist Laws 149:Anti-Socialist Laws 141:German trade unions 18: 290:Membership (1913) 16: 2497:Kwasnik, Walter. 2468:Seidel, Richard. 2421:: 1. 5 April 1919 2196:German labour law 2187: 2186: 2037:Union of Saddlers 1992:Porzellanarbeiter 1967:Bureauangestellte 1740:Gastwirtsgehilfen 1514:Zigarrensortierer 1246:Transportarbeiter 287:Membership (1904) 220:industrial unions 173:Free Trade Unions 125: 124: 2614: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2448: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2416: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2383: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2305: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2277: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2247: 2236: 2235: 2217: 1760:Union of Gilders 1639:Hausangestellten 519:Bauhilfsarbeiter 469:Handangestellten 349:Brauereiarbeiter 269: 268: 85: 64: 62: 49: 47: 29:Merged into 19: 15: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2612: 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Retrieved 2552: 2544: 2532:. Retrieved 2528: 2518: 2506:. Retrieved 2502: 2492: 2480:. Retrieved 2476: 2463: 2451:. Retrieved 2442: 2435: 2423:. Retrieved 2418: 2406: 2394:. Retrieved 2390: 2366:. Retrieved 2362: 2353: 2341:. Retrieved 2337: 2328: 2316:. Retrieved 2312: 2288:. Retrieved 2284: 2258:. Retrieved 2254: 2221: 2179: 2157: 2079: 2055: 2030: 2015:Portfeuiller 1917:Bergarbeiter 1880: 1855: 1850: 1803: 1778: 1703: 1678: 1651: 1627: 1529: 1501: 1427: 1402: 1343:Notenstecher 1298:Holzarbeiter 1286: 1281: 1269:Schirmmacher 1164: 1159: 1137: 1132: 1083: 1078: 1054: 927: 901: 876: 864:Landarbeiter 733: 657: 632: 546:Glasarbeiter 534: 507: 364: 336: 310: 265: 253: 241: 236:Karl Kautsky 224: 216: 212:craft unions 205: 200: 197: 181: 166: 159:was formed. 128: 126: 116:Affiliations 109: 69:Headquarters 2142:Lagerhalter 2094:Steinsetzer 1715:Buchdrucker 1321:Xylographen 1147:Eisenbahner 1120:Eisenbahner 915:Bauarbeiter 767:Schuhmacher 298:Asphalteure 244:World War I 208:Halberstadt 193:Carl Legien 143:during the 106:Publication 101:(President) 99:Carl Legien 2576:Categories 2231:1351815253 2202:References 1587:Tapezierer 1464:Buchbinder 889:Chorsänger 694:Dachdecker 642:Stukkateur 492:Konditoren 275:Short name 262:Affiliates 188:locked out 94:Key people 61:1919-07-05 46:1890-11-16 2119:Schneider 1838:Isolierer 1763:Vergolder 966:Hutmacher 942:Kürschner 423:Bildhauer 376:Fleischer 54:Dissolved 2190:See also 1932:104,113 1541:Böttcher 1412:Schmeide 1313:195,441 1261:229,785 1211:141,484 1031:556,139 932:326,631 832:195,441 718:Seeleute 400:Zimmerer 77:Location 2560:19 June 2482:17 June 2453:16 June 2396:30 June 2368:30 June 2343:30 June 2318:30 June 2290:30 June 2260:30 June 2134:49,978 2109:11,395 2084:14,908 2040:Sattler 2007:16,592 1957:52,996 1907:16,688 1755:16,096 1730:68,682 1602:10,534 1506:51,537 1479:33,337 1454:15,731 1236:34,191 1110:47,511 1066:Musiker 1028:176,221 1006:16,231 981:11,562 881:17,000 840:Gärtner 807:31,061 782:44,902 684:10,882 629:128,850 607:26,406 484:23,967 415:62,069 341:28,978 278:Founded 184:May Day 179:(SPD). 163:History 84:Germany 59: ( 44: ( 39:Founded 2534:3 June 2508:28 May 2425:4 June 2228:  2131:23,242 1982:8,953 1954:12,156 1929:75,364 1904:10,658 1830:2,500 1727:38,976 1624:14,054 1476:15,206 1424:12,185 1387:Bäcker 1310:97,105 1258:36,325 1233:19,456 1208:53,568 1107:22,859 829:49,181 804:10,012 779:25,262 681:10,241 669:Töpfer 617:Maurer 568:Glaser 531:33,245 412:35,891 361:18,485 284:Reason 133:German 120:ISNTUC 2473:(PDF) 2447:(PDF) 2415:(PDF) 2154:1,267 2106:5,933 2052:4,259 2027:2,502 2004:8,054 1800:2,988 1775:1,710 1752:2,838 1675:2,265 1599:5,377 1577:3,341 1553:6,200 1526:1,471 1451:4,082 1399:9,068 1184:3,730 1095:Maler 1051:3,456 1003:5,473 978:4,269 954:1,935 852:3,144 755:2,495 730:3,189 706:3,573 654:5,575 604:8,090 580:3,666 558:5,881 504:2,019 481:3,398 435:4,590 388:2,435 272:Union 2562:2020 2536:2020 2510:2020 2484:2020 2455:2020 2427:2020 2398:2020 2370:2020 2345:2020 2320:2020 2292:2020 2262:2020 2226:ISBN 2173:1908 2170:1899 2148:1913 2145:1895 2125:1919 2122:1888 2100:1919 2097:1886 2073:1919 2070:1909 2046:1909 2043:1889 2021:1909 2018:1901 1998:1919 1995:1892 1973:1919 1970:1897 1948:1919 1945:1896 1923:1919 1920:1889 1898:1919 1895:1891 1871:1907 1868:1903 1844:1911 1841:1906 1821:1919 1818:1889 1794:1909 1791:1869 1769:1906 1766:1890 1746:1919 1743:1897 1721:1919 1718:1866 1694:1913 1691:1903 1669:1907 1666:1897 1645:1919 1642:1909 1618:1910 1615:1891 1593:1919 1590:1897 1571:1919 1568:1886 1547:1919 1544:1885 1520:1912 1517:1885 1495:1919 1492:1910 1470:1919 1467:1885 1445:1919 1442:1898 1418:1912 1415:1885 1393:1907 1390:1885 1368:1882 1349:1919 1346:1872 1327:1919 1324:1874 1304:1919 1301:1893 1275:1910 1272:1904 1252:1919 1249:1897 1227:1919 1224:1872 1202:1919 1199:1891 1177:1896 1153:1908 1150:1897 1126:1919 1123:1916 1101:1919 1098:1885 1072:1919 1069:1919 1045:1910 1042:1889 1022:1919 1019:1891 997:1919 994:1872 972:1919 969:1871 948:1919 945:1902 921:1919 918:1911 895:1919 892:1884 870:1919 867:1909 846:1919 843:1890 823:1919 820:1890 798:1919 795:1884 773:1919 770:1883 749:1919 746:1890 724:1910 721:1898 700:1919 697:1889 675:1919 672:1892 648:1912 645:1892 623:1910 620:1891 598:1919 595:1892 574:1919 571:1885 552:1919 549:1890 525:1910 522:1891 498:1907 495:1891 475:1919 472:1897 451:1919 448:1902 429:1919 426:1881 406:1919 403:1883 382:1919 379:1893 355:1910 352:1884 330:1919 327:1907 304:1919 301:1904 281:Left 127:The 2180:N/A 2158:N/A 2080:N/A 2056:N/A 2031:N/A 1979:536 1881:N/A 1877:875 1856:N/A 1851:N/A 1827:868 1804:N/A 1779:N/A 1704:N/A 1700:353 1679:N/A 1652:N/A 1628:N/A 1530:N/A 1502:N/A 1428:N/A 1403:N/A 1375:854 1355:326 1333:434 1287:N/A 1282:N/A 1165:N/A 1160:N/A 1138:N/A 1133:N/A 1084:N/A 1079:N/A 1055:N/A 928:N/A 902:N/A 877:N/A 734:N/A 658:N/A 633:N/A 535:N/A 508:N/A 457:726 365:N/A 337:N/A 311:N/A 2578:: 2527:. 2501:. 2475:. 2417:. 2389:. 2378:^ 2361:. 2336:. 2311:. 2300:^ 2283:. 2270:^ 2253:. 2240:^ 2210:^ 258:. 195:. 135:: 2564:. 2538:. 2512:. 2486:. 2457:. 2429:. 2400:. 2372:. 2347:. 2322:. 2294:. 2264:. 2234:. 131:( 63:) 48:)

Index

General German Trade Union Federation
Carl Legien
ISNTUC
German
German trade unions
German Empire
Anti-Socialist Laws
Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund
Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund
Anti-Socialist Laws
Free Trade Unions
Social Democratic Party of Germany
May Day
locked out
Carl Legien
Halberstadt
craft unions
industrial unions
general strikes
Rosa Luxemburg
Karl Kautsky
World War I
Independent Social Democratic Party
General German Trade Union Federation
Central Union of Bakers and Confectioners
Central Union of Butchers
Central Union of Carpenters and Kindred Trades of Germany
Central Union of Commercial Employees
Central Union of Construction Workers
Central Union of Glassworkers

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