5128:"Virtually all persons who reported "Canadian" in 1996 had English or French as a mother tongue, were born in Canada and had both parents born inside Canada. This suggests that many of these respondents were people whose families have been in this country for several generations. In effect the "new Canadians" were persons that previously reported either British or French origins. Moreover in 1996 some 55% of people with both parents born in Canada reported Canadian (alone or in combination with other origins). By contrast, only 4% of people with both parents born outside Canada reported Canadian. Thus the Canadian response did not appeal widely to either immigrants or their children. Most important however was that neatly half of those persons reporting Canadian origin in 1996 were in Quebec this represented a majority of the mother tongue francophone population. ... In the 2001 Census, 11.7 million people, or 39% of the total population, reported Canadian as their ethnic origin, either alone or in combination with other origins. Some 4.9 million Quebecers out of 7.1 million individuals reported Canadian or "Canadien" thus accounting for nearly seven in ten persons (nearly eighty percent of francophones in Quebec). (Page 2)
3102:
3152:
5098:. However, "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestry. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones), however no-longer self identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude or generational distance from ancestral lineage.
2445:
Canadians of
British or Canadian ancestry generally cannot trace their ancestry as far back in Canada as French speakers. As a result, their identification with their ethnicity is weaker: for example, only 50% of third generation "Canadians" strongly identify as such, bringing down the overall average. The survey report notes that 80% of Canadians whose families had been in Canada for three or more generations reported "Canadian and provincial or regional ethnic identities". These identities include French New World ancestries such as "Québécois" (37% of Quebec population) and
3463:
3118:
1710:
3254:
3321:
3306:
3239:
3418:
3366:
3182:
3336:
3485:
3167:
3351:
2102:
3090:
3284:
1832:
3269:
1354:
3403:
3197:
3224:
3130:
3388:
2531:
3008:
1632:
280:
3433:
3499:
3448:
2464:
3073:
French-Canadian heritage collectively, such as in the name and mandate of national organizations which serve francophone communities across Canada. Francophone
Canadians of non-French-Canadian origin such as immigrants from francophone countries are not usually designated by the term "French Canadian"; the more general term "francophones" is used for French-speaking Canadians across all ethnic origins.
4355:
2737:
3564:
4439:
1123:
4386:
4324:
4417:
4087:
respondents that are in the 4th+ generations, and unlike with the
British Isles example, the difference between the 2nd and 3rd generations to the 4th+ generation is more pronounced. Since these ancestries are concentrated in the 4th+ generations, their high proportions of sense of belonging to ethnic or cultural group push up the 4th+ generational results."
4043:"Note that Canadian and Canadien have been separated since the two terms mean different things. In English, it usually means someone whose family has been in Canada for multiple generations. In French it is referring to "Les Habitants", settlers of New France during the 17th and 18th centuries who earned their living primarily from agricultural labour."
1585:, while other provinces vary in the level of French language services they offer. All three of Canada's territories include French as an official language of the territory alongside English and local indigenous languages, although in practice French-language services are normally available only in the capital cities and not across the entire territory.
4347:
3556:
4447:
4378:
2432:, used to refer to descendants of the original settlers of New France in the 17th and 18th centuries. "Canadien" was used to refer to the French-speaking residents of New France beginning in the last half of the 17th century. The English-speaking residents who arrived later from Great Britain were called "Anglais". This usage continued until
4316:
4409:
3069:
French descent, especially in Quebec. Most francophone
Canadians who use the provincial labels identify with their province of origin, even if it is not the province in which they currently reside; for example, a Québécois who moved to Manitoba would not normally change their own self-identification to Franco-Manitoban.
4086:
For respondents of French and New World ancestries the pattern is different. Where generational data is available, it is possible to see that not all respondents reporting these ancestries report a high sense of belonging to their ethnic or cultural group. The high proportions are focused among those
2440:
Those reporting "French New World" ancestries overwhelmingly had ancestors that went back at least four generations in Canada. Fourth generation
Canadiens and Québécois showed considerable attachment to their ethno-cultural group, with 70% and 61%, respectively, reporting a strong sense of belonging.
3072:
Increasingly, provincial labels are used to stress the linguistic and cultural, as opposed to ethnic and religious, nature of French-speaking institutions and organizations. The term "French
Canadian" is still used in historical and cultural contexts, or when it is necessary to refer to Canadians of
3068:
In
English usage, the terms for provincial subgroups, if used at all, are usually defined solely by province of residence, with all of the terms being strictly interchangeable with French Canadian. Although this remains the more common usage in English, it is considered outdated to many Canadians of
2444:
The generational profile and strength of identity of French New World ancestries contrast with those of
British or Canadian ancestries, which represent the largest ethnic identities in Canada. Although deeply rooted Canadians express a deep attachment to their ethnic identity, most English-speaking
2717:
with the provincial groupings, explicitly rejecting "French
Canadian" as an identity label. A population genetics ancestry study claims that for those French Canadians who trace their ancestry to the French founder population, a significant percentage, 53-78% have at least one indigenous ancestor.
1604:
were
Catholic. In the United States, some families of French-Canadian origin have converted to Protestantism. Until the 1960s, religion was a central component of French-Canadian national identity. The Church parish was the focal point of civic life in French-Canadian society, and religious orders
2873:
Distinctions between French Canadian, natives of France, and other New World French identities is more blurred in the U.S. than in Canada, but those who identify as French Canadian or Franco American generally do not regard themselves as French. Rather, they identify culturally, historically, and
3595:
2889:
French Canadian identities are influenced by historical events that inform regional cultures. For example, in New England, the relatively recent immigration (19th/20th centuries) is informed by experiences of language oppression and an identification with certain occupations, such as the mill
4525:
The survey, based on interviews, asked the following questions: "1) I would now like to ask you about your ethnic ancestry, heritage or background. What were the ethnic or cultural origins of your ancestors? 2) In addition to "Canadian", what were the other ethnic or cultural origins of your
2712:
French Canadians outside Quebec are more likely to self-identify as "French Canadian". Identification with provincial groupings varies from province to province, with Franco-Ontarians, for example, using their provincial label far more frequently than Franco-Columbians do. Few identify
4410:"Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey"
2977:
in Eastern Canada (Québec). This subsistence agriculture slowly evolved in dairy farm during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century while retaining the subsistence side. By 1960, agriculture changed toward an industrial agriculture. French Canadians have
3557:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"
1542:. Over time, many regional accents have emerged. Canada is estimated to be home to between 32 and 36 regional French accents, 17 of which can be found in Quebec, and 7 of which are found in New Brunswick. There are also people who will naturally speak using
3587:
2436:
in 1867. Confederation united several former British colonies into the Dominion of Canada, and from that time forward, the word "Canadian" has been used to describe both English-speaking and French-speaking citizens, wherever they live in the country.
1400:
were unified. Some of the motivations for the union was to limit French-Canadian political power and at the same time transferring a large part of the Upper Canadian debt to the debt-free Lower Canada. After many decades of British immigration, the
1002:
During the 17th century, French settlers originating mainly from the west and north of France settled Canada. It is from them that the French Canadian ethnicity was born. During the 17th to 18th centuries, French Canadians expanded across
4734:
5270:
4830:
French speakers usually refer to their own identities with adjectives such as québécoise, acadienne, or franco-canadienne, or by some term referring to a provincial linguistic minority such as franco-manitobaine, franco-ontarienne or
4056:
Jantzen (2006): "The reporting of French New World ancestries (Canadien, Québécois, and French-Canadian) is concentrated in the 4th+ generations; 79% of French-Canadian, 88% of Canadien and 90% of Québécois are in the 4th+generations
4014:
4379:"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data"
2495:), though the term "French Canadian" may by extension refer to natives of the province of Quebec or other parts of French Canada of foreign descent. Those who do have French or French-Canadian ancestry, but who support
1557:
There are about seven million French Canadians and native French speakers in Quebec. Another one million French-speaking French Canadians are distributed throughout the rest of Canada. French Canadians may also speak
1692:
People who claim some French-Canadian ancestry or heritage number some 7 million in Canada. In the United States, 2.4 million people report French-Canadian ancestry or heritage, while an additional 8.4 million claim
4071:"According to Table 3, the 4th+ generations are highest because of a strong sense of belonging to their ethnic or cultural group among those respondents reporting the New World ancestries of Canadien and Québécois."
4317:"Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)"
1613:
currently remains low. Rates of religious observance among French Canadians outside Quebec tend to vary by region, and by age. In general, however, those in Quebec are the least observant, while those in the
5516:
5377:
4348:"Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data"
4689:
2518:
Academic analysis of French Canadian culture has often focused on the degree to which the Quiet Revolution, particularly the shift in the social and cultural identity of the Québécois following the
5303:
1007:
and colonized various regions, cities, and towns. As a result, people of French Canadian descent can be found across North America. Between 1840 and 1930, many French Canadians emigrated to
3659:
2503:
to be archaic or even pejorative. This is a reflection of the strong social, cultural, and political ties that most Quebecers of French-Canadian origin, who constitute a majority of
3917:
4788:
5328:
4193:"1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Ethnic origin"
4580:
Table 3: Percentage of Selected Ancestries Reporting that Respondents have a Strong* Sense of Belonging to the Ethnic and Cultural Groups, by Generational Status, 2002 EDS"
4612:
2886:
found that since the French language has been so widely abandoned in the United States, the term "French Canadian" has taken on an ethnic rather than linguistic meaning.
3948:
1562:, especially if they live in overwhelmingly English-speaking environments. In Canada, not all those of French Canadian ancestry speak French, but the vast majority do.
2565:. Education, health and social services are provided by provincial institutions, so that provincial identities are often used to identify French-language institutions:
1732:
There are various urban and small centres in Canada outside Quebec that have long-standing populations of French Canadians, going back to the late 19th century, due to
474:
418:
1096:
distinguishing the inhabitants of Canada from those of France. To distinguish between the English-speaking population and the French-speaking population, the terms
1925:
The majority of the French-Canadian population in the United States is found in the New England area, although there is also a large French-Canadian presence in
6921:
4568:"As shown on Graph 3, over 30% of respondents reporting Canadian, British Isles or French ancestries are distributed across all four generational categories."
3101:
1424:. In the late 19th and 20th centuries, French Canadians' discontent grew with their place in Canada because of a series of events: including the execution of
4942:
3706:
1250:
was at first governed from Canada and then attached to Louisiana. The inhabitants of the French colony of Canada (modern-day Quebec) called themselves the
728:
5287:
3625:
4595:
4162:"1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Ethnic groups"
4131:"1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I - partie 2. Ethnic groups"
3975:
3891:
1494:
has no official languages defined in law, although the provincial government provides French language services in many parts of the province under the
5480:
4469:
7049:
435:
1474:
Since 1968, French has been one of Canada's two official languages. It is the sole official language of Quebec and one of the official languages of
6975:
6933:
6899:
6852:
6840:
6816:
6792:
6780:
6768:
6756:
6744:
1577:
since 1982, protecting them from provincial governments that have historically been indifferent towards their presence. At the provincial level,
5394:
Les Canadiens français du Michigan: leur contribution dans le développement de la vallée de la Saginaw et de la péninsule de Keweenaw, 1840-1914
3787:
Beauchemin, Jacques (2009). Collectif Liberté (ed.). "L'identité franco-québécoise d'hier à aujourd'hui : la fin des vieilles certitudes".
4690:"For my Relevance - Bradley Eng + Corrida - Audrey Gaussiran + MOVE - Clément Le Disquay et Paul Canestraro + Women and Cypresses - Cai Glover"
4200:
4169:
4138:
3650:
818:
3728:
5556:
4293:
4262:
4231:
3913:
2683:
culture. This group's culture and history evolved separately from the French Canadian culture, at a time when the Maritime Provinces were
4764:
4502:
5472:
Newton, Jason L. "âThese French Canadian of the Woods are Half-Wild Folkâ Wilderness, Whiteness, and Work in North America, 1840â1955."
4785:
7438:
7241:
5546:
5400:
4911:
3522:
532:
6916:
5325:
2709:
may be identified with either the Acadians or the Québécois, or considered a distinct group in their own right, by different sources.
7054:
6711:
5591:
2390:
Note 1: 1981 Canadian census only included partial multiple ethnic origin responses for individuals with British and French ancestry.
440:
5531:
Sorrell, Richard S. "The survivance of French Canadians in New England (1865â1930): History, geography and demography as destiny."
5254:
4539:"These will be called "French New World" ancestries since the majority of respondents in these ethnic categories are Francophones."
4107:
3765:
4716:
959:
6739:
5105:
7085:
5624:
1455:
region. About half of them returned home. The generations born in the United States would eventually come to see themselves as
828:
452:
4756:
3940:
2762:
During the mid-18th century, French Canadian explorers and colonists colonized other parts of North America in what are today
2487:. Francophones who self-identify as Québécois and do not have French-Canadian ancestry may not identify as "French Canadian" (
2421:. The latter three were grouped together by Jantzen (2006) as "French New World" ancestries because they originate in Canada.
1065:(Upper Countries), a vast and thinly settled territorial dependence north and west of Montreal which covered the whole of the
5147:
5011:
4817:
4981:
4637:
1376:
in Canada), the French-Canadian population remained important in the life of the colonies. The British gained Acadia by the
7443:
5940:
3117:
1836:
1826:
5033:
2541:
The emphasis on the French language and Quebec autonomy means that French speakers across Canada may now self-identify as
1803:
It is estimated that roughly 70â75% of Quebec's population descend from the French pioneers of the 17th and 18th century.
7388:
4843:
Moreau, C.; Lefebvre, J. F.; Jomphe, M.; Bhérer, C.; Ruiz-Linares, A.; Vézina, H.; Roy-Gagnon, M. H.; Labuda, D. (2013).
3462:
2822:
between the 1840s and the 1930s in search of economic opportunities in border communities and industrialized portions of
1733:
1460:
1196:
1032:
931:
1813:) ethnic group since the government made it possible (1986), which has made the current statistics misleading. The term
1605:
ran French-Canadian schools, hospitals and orphanages and were very influential in everyday life in general. During the
7433:
5600:
3151:
7236:
6413:
5510:
5457:
5371:
5297:
5264:
5232:
5214:
5199:
5181:
4975:
4760:
4728:
3055:
3029:
2522:
of 1966 to 1969, did or did not create a "rupture" between the Québécois and other francophones elsewhere in Canada.
1679:
1653:
911:
527:
5500:
5361:
3037:
1817:
historically referred only to a French-speaker, though today it is used in French to describe any Canadian citizen.
1661:
3172:
2519:
45:
17:
2687:
part of what was referred to as Canada, and are consequently considered a distinct culture from French Canadians.
7428:
2694:
1725:). Most cities and villages in this province were built and settled by the French or French Canadians during the
1570:
5420:
McQuillan, D. Aidan. "Franch-Canadian Communities in the American Upper Midwest during the Nineteenth Century."
4934:
3702:
2534:
7448:
6673:
5351:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
4003:
3686:
3089:
3033:
2074:
1657:
3181:
7226:
6704:
6290:
5584:
3617:
3417:
2507:
Quebecers, maintain within Quebec. It has given Québécois an ambiguous meaning which has often played out in
517:
4592:
3971:
3883:
6889:
5614:
5477:
4476:
3320:
3253:
2508:
2070:
1496:
4004:"The Advantages of Analyzing Ethnic Attitudes Across GenerationsâResults From the Ethnic Diversity Survey"
3305:
3238:
3166:
2409:
of the 2006 Canadian census found that French-speaking Canadians identified their ethnicity most often as
6894:
5562:
3678:
3621:
3532:
3365:
2799:
2740:
2088:, a language influenced by French, and a mixture of other European and Native American tribal languages.
1919:
1867:
1445:
1441:
1392:
was created. The Legislative Assembly having no real power, the political situation degenerated into the
952:
332:
7453:
7206:
7003:
5245:
5225:
Dictionnaire généalogique des familles canadiennes. Depuis la fondation de la colonie jusqu'à nos jours
5075:" responses. Additionally, 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the addition of the
3335:
2038:
2022:
1986:
823:
497:
386:
337:
7259:
7023:
6963:
6167:
4440:"Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population"
3527:
3311:
2874:
ethnically with the culture that originated in Quebec that is differentiated from French culture. In
2866:
throughout New England is indicative of the French immigration to the area. They came to identify as
2573:
2515:
refer to all Quebec citizens, regardless of their language or their cultural heritage, as Québécois.
2002:
1982:
1942:
1429:
557:
406:
367:
41:
3647:
7070:
7044:
6950:
6697:
5798:
5577:
5340:
The First Franco-Americans: New England Life Histories from the Federal Writers' Project, 1938â1939
5095:
3732:
3468:
3018:
2414:
2141:
1994:
1954:
1950:
1938:
1785:
1642:
1227:
620:
479:
430:
357:
153:
5165:
Below is a list of the main genealogical works retracing the origins of French Canadian families:
3814:
Marquis, G. E.; Allen, Louis (January 1, 1923). "The French Canadians in the Province of Quebec".
3350:
2081:
6646:
6152:
5819:
5619:
3268:
3022:
2974:
2939:
2702:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1851:
1646:
1077:
4285:
4254:
4223:
4192:
4161:
4130:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6597:
6123:
5935:
4509:
3283:
3135:
2433:
2405:
French Canadians living in Canada express their cultural identity using a number of terms. The
1966:
1958:
1875:
1421:
1413:
1393:
1243:
1188:
945:
401:
396:
391:
299:
263:
5558:
Map displaying the percentage of the US population claiming French Canadian ancestry by county
5137:
7316:
7198:
7177:
7039:
6857:
6678:
6634:
6501:
6280:
6248:
6200:
6113:
6105:
5658:
5169:
5072:
5004:"Breeds of Livestock â Canadienne Cattle â Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science"
4810:
2647:
2569:
2458:
2428:, meaning "someone whose family has been in Canada for multiple generations", and the French
2042:
2018:
2006:
1962:
1926:
1891:
1863:
1609:
of the 1960s, however, the practice of Catholicism dropped drastically. Church attendance in
1574:
1515:
1483:
1369:
1314:
born in French Canada colonized other parts of North America in what are today the states of
1111:
906:
750:
676:
423:
37:
5543:
5397:
5209:, vol. I-III. Toronto : 1st edition, La BibliothÚque de recherche généalogique, 1992. (
4903:
3618:"Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"
1384:
for French Canadians to regain the French civil law system, and in 1791 French Canadians in
6668:
6542:
6496:
6455:
6387:
6220:
6210:
6185:
6157:
6055:
5996:
5986:
5976:
5824:
5697:
4856:
3663:, Vol. 107, Social and Economic Conditions in The Dominion of Canada (May, 1923), pp. 7â12.
3423:
2672:
2512:
2014:
1911:
1907:
1859:
1769:
1709:
1467:. The descendants of those Quebec inter-provincial migrants constitute the bulk of today's
1389:
1335:
1130:
1044:
140:
5174:
RĂ©pertoire des actes de baptĂȘme, mariage et sĂ©pulture et des recensements du QuĂ©bec ancien
3129:
2902:; many also have ancestry dating to the lumber era and often a mixture of the two groups.
1721:
where they constitute the majority of the population in all regions except the far north (
8:
7090:
6481:
6433:
6428:
6397:
6351:
6238:
6195:
6175:
6140:
6090:
6085:
6068:
5991:
5971:
5961:
5956:
5915:
5905:
5727:
3196:
2811:
2034:
1946:
1934:
1887:
1753:
1726:
1531:
1373:
1361:
1291:
1231:
1219:
1085:
1024:
996:
803:
543:
457:
251:
4860:
4099:
3755:
7306:
7280:
6955:
6761:
6660:
6602:
6516:
6506:
6486:
6471:
6445:
6336:
6321:
6275:
6270:
6243:
6180:
6135:
6075:
5981:
5930:
5920:
5884:
5845:
5840:
5803:
5780:
5768:
5763:
5753:
5722:
5675:
5643:
5449:
5187:
5076:
4879:
4844:
3839:
3831:
2991:
2979:
2919:
2863:
2859:
2815:
2727:
2496:
2395:
1855:
1765:
1698:
1601:
1406:
1331:
1299:
1180:
740:
578:
362:
33:
5636:
2057:. Smaller groups of French Canadians settled in the Midwest, notably in the states of
7357:
7337:
7332:
7216:
7078:
6911:
6833:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6575:
6570:
6547:
6537:
6532:
6511:
6476:
6450:
6438:
6423:
6392:
6366:
6307:
6302:
6295:
6285:
6190:
6145:
6095:
6063:
5966:
5925:
5889:
5670:
5665:
5569:
5506:
5453:
5367:
5349:
5293:
5260:
5228:
5210:
5195:
5177:
5143:
5112:
4971:
4884:
4724:
3843:
3796:
3682:
3432:
2983:
2963:
2383:
1781:
1749:
1582:
1566:
1377:
1343:
1274:
1212:
1098:
1061:
888:
848:
841:
788:
776:
723:
703:
698:
507:
467:
4663:
3453:
3447:
3438:
3223:
2883:
1722:
1596:
is the chief denomination. The kingdom of France forbade non-Catholic settlement in
1052:
7352:
7347:
7287:
7273:
7266:
7246:
7184:
7149:
7142:
7135:
7128:
6987:
6629:
6552:
6418:
6361:
6356:
6346:
6263:
6258:
6080:
6030:
6025:
5855:
5775:
5758:
5748:
5732:
5441:
5227:, vol. I-VII, 1871â1890. Nouvelle Ă©dition, MontrĂ©al : Ăditions ĂlysĂ©e, 1975. (
4874:
4864:
3823:
3512:
3402:
3387:
3371:
3326:
3274:
3259:
3244:
2933:
2862:, especially during the winter months. The wealth of Catholic churches named after
2795:
2731:
2633:
2623:
2619:
2589:
2046:
1777:
1741:
1606:
1559:
1456:
1247:
1195:, parts of Ontario, Acadia, and select areas of Western Canada, all in Canada (see
1156:
1107:
878:
798:
718:
713:
662:
655:
634:
627:
613:
585:
571:
564:
537:
247:
223:
186:
161:
128:
7410:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
7170:
5003:
4551:
3588:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country]"
3379:
3356:
2643:
766:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
669:
7231:
7221:
7163:
7156:
6980:
6938:
6773:
6720:
6614:
6607:
6491:
6371:
6341:
6253:
6233:
6128:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6010:
5910:
5707:
5692:
5680:
5550:
5484:
5404:
5332:
5220:
4965:
4869:
4792:
4599:
4100:"Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration - Archived"
3654:
3517:
3341:
2943:
2929:
2867:
2744:
2653:
2609:
2579:
2050:
1847:
1757:
1737:
1593:
1539:
1509:
1468:
1451:
Between the 1840s and the 1930s, some 900,000 French Canadians immigrated to the
1433:
1339:
1012:
976:
883:
873:
866:
853:
808:
793:
683:
648:
522:
512:
317:
227:
203:
182:
132:
5412:
French America: Mobility, Identity, and Minority Experience across the Continent
5176:, vol. I-XLVII. Montréal : Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1980. (
2101:
1527:
1254:, and came mostly from northwestern France. The early inhabitants of Acadia, or
7342:
6872:
6809:
6749:
6641:
6228:
6205:
6118:
5850:
5687:
5445:
5037:
3827:
3202:
3187:
2987:
2913:
2879:
2680:
1930:
1797:
1523:
1307:
1160:
1148:
813:
708:
1831:
7422:
6882:
6828:
6804:
3800:
3504:
3490:
3297:
3157:
3108:
2855:
2843:
2839:
2819:
2748:
2698:
2668:
2410:
2131:
2010:
1990:
1871:
1793:
1694:
1615:
1578:
1535:
1519:
1475:
1437:
1136:
1004:
992:
783:
303:
271:
207:
124:
4811:"Language Education, Canadian Civic Identity, and the Identity of Canadians"
6904:
6845:
6785:
4888:
2847:
2603:
1998:
1397:
1385:
1303:
988:
1353:
7191:
6821:
6797:
6734:
5429:
3289:
2851:
2823:
2807:
2771:
2676:
2599:
2504:
2026:
1903:
1879:
1565:
Francophones living in Canadian provinces other than Quebec have enjoyed
1538:, and New England can trace their roots back to Quebec French because of
1452:
1417:
1319:
1239:
1223:
1066:
1048:
1008:
641:
211:
157:
136:
2479:(feminine) to express their cultural and national identity, rather than
6968:
6926:
3835:
3760:
2818:. French Canadians later emigrated in large numbers from Canada to the
1899:
1843:
1842:
In the United States, many cities were founded as colonial outposts of
1597:
1425:
1381:
1284:, while those who settled on farms in Canada would come to be known as
1200:
1028:
372:
345:
4613:"Anthony Duclair's dream of a more inclusive game is becoming reality"
1806:
The French-speaking population have massively chosen the "Canadian" ("
7211:
6945:
5192:
Dictionnaire généalogique des familles du Québec. Des origines à 1730
2899:
2895:
2783:
2763:
2627:
2066:
2062:
1915:
1895:
1551:
1315:
1286:
1280:
1263:
1204:
1176:
1081:
502:
352:
327:
190:
169:
3229:
3007:
2890:
workers. In the Great Lakes, many French Canadians also identify as
2826:. French-Canadian communities in the United States remain along the
2530:
2069:. French Canadians also settled in central North Dakota, largely in
1631:
7383:
7311:
7114:
6624:
5653:
5094:
All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by
5068:
3393:
2779:
2775:
2664:
2593:
2446:
2110:
Top four reported "French" ethnic or cultural identities in Canada
2058:
1347:
1327:
1323:
1298:) of this era. A few also are the descendants of mixed French and
1255:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1093:
1056:
926:
745:
599:
231:
165:
144:
6689:
5540:
Franco-Americans in Massachusetts: "No French no mo' 'round here"
5440:(Social and Economic Conditions in The Dominion of Canada): 7â12.
5194:, Montréal : Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1983. (
4721:
Talking about Identity: Encounters in Race, Ethnicity and Language
3816:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3660:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2891:
1203:(also commonly called Canada) stretched across what today are the
1110:
of the 1960s to 1980s, inhabitants of Quebec began to identify as
239:
7407:
7378:
7373:
6862:
5106:"Our 'Cense' of Self: the 2006 Census saw 1.6 million 'Canadian'"
2835:
2803:
2787:
2657:
2613:
2583:
2463:
2418:
2151:
2030:
1937:. Quebec and Acadian emigrants settled in industrial cities like
1883:
1789:
1773:
1761:
1618:
and other places away from Quebec tend to be the most observant.
1491:
1487:
1464:
1459:. During the same period of time, numerous French Canadians also
1208:
1184:
1122:
921:
916:
763:
279:
4550:
LacoursiĂšre, Jacques; Bouchard, Claude; Howard, Richard (1972).
2471:
Since the 1960s, French Canadians in Quebec have generally used
1713:
Distribution of the proportion of French Canadian across Canada.
7403:
7252:
7121:
3408:
3380:
Of other groups originating from the colonisation of New France
3215:
2951:
2854:. There is also a significant community of French Canadians in
2827:
2690:
2085:
1745:
1718:
1610:
1235:
1192:
1168:
1144:
1080:
the French had encountered in the St. Lawrence River valley at
1040:
759:
606:
550:
294:
243:
235:
120:
5434:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
4816:. Council of Europe, Language Policy Division. pp. 8â11.
4470:"Ethnic Diversity Survey: portrait of a multicultural society"
1744:
have large populations of francophones in communities such as
5631:
5414:. Franklin Philip (trans.). Louisiana State University Press.
5256:
The People of New France. (Themes in Canadian History Series)
5139:
The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population
4933:
BĂ©langer, Damien-Claude; BĂ©langer, Claude (August 23, 2000).
4346:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (December 23, 2013).
2831:
2736:
2706:
2637:
2054:
1697:
ancestry; they are treated as a separate ethnic group by the
1547:
1479:
1172:
1035:
in the 17th and 18th centuries. The original use of the term
4935:"French Canadian Emigration to the United States, 1840â1930"
4845:"Native American Admixture in the Quebec Founder Population"
4408:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 23, 2019).
3703:"French Canadian Emigration to the United States, 1840â1930"
1388:
were introduced to the parliamentary system when an elected
3856:
Paul-André Linteau, René Durocher, and Jean-Claude Robert,
3675:
Historical Atlas of Canada: The land transformed, 1800â1891
3586:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (August 17, 2022).
2791:
1218:
The first permanent European settlements in Canada were at
4842:
3298:
Of francophone groups formed by French Canadian emigration
5077:"Canadian" (English) or "Canadien" (French) ethnic origin
4786:"Québec/Canada francophone : le mythe de la rupture"
4549:
4284:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013).
4253:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013).
4222:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013).
4191:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013).
4160:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013).
4129:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013).
4098:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (July 29, 1999).
3555:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (June 17, 2019).
1600:
from 1629 onward and thus, almost all French settlers of
1412:
French-Canadian contributions were essential in securing
4315:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (June 4, 2019).
3941:"Le francais dans tous ses etats au quebec et au canada"
3210:
4377:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (May 1, 2020).
1518:
of French spoken by francophone Canadians, for example
5599:
3876:
4757:"House passes motion recognizing Québécois as nation"
1846:
by French or French-Canadian explorers. They include
1440:
which banned French-language schools in Ontario, the
1368:
After the 1760 British conquest of New France in the
1310:). During the mid-18th century, French explorers and
1027:, the most developed and densely populated region of
32:"Canadiens" redirects here. For the hockey team, see
5502:
The French-Canadian idea of Confederation, 1864â1900
4556:(in French). Montreal: Editions Format. p. 174.
4407:
4376:
4345:
4314:
4283:
4252:
4221:
4190:
4159:
4153:
4128:
4122:
4097:
4091:
3585:
3554:
3480:
2630:
metro area; also referred to as Franco-Colombien(ne)
1272:
explorers and fur traders would come to be known as
36:. For the French-speaking population of Canada, see
4255:"1986 Census of Canada: Ethnic Diversity In Canada"
3916:(in French). Government of Canada. April 27, 2020.
3672:
2932:(and other people of French ancestry in the former
1290:. Many French Canadians are the descendants of the
5427:
5409:
5348:
5111:. Association for Canadian Studies. Archived from
2905:The main Franco-American regional identities are:
5492:Ethnic Identity: The Case of the French Americans
5363:French Canadian sources: a guide for genealogists
5322:"The Quebec and Acadian Diaspora in North America
4508:. Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived from
4500:
2982:distinct livestock over the centuries, including
2553:, or as provincial linguistic minorities such as
7420:
5430:"The French Canadians in the Province of Quebec"
4932:
3648:"The French Canadians in the Province of Quebec"
3550:
3548:
1784:in the late 18th century, founding the towns of
4246:
4065:
4063:
4037:
4035:
3969:
2912:French Canadians of the Great Lakes (including
5142:. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 313â317.
4963:
4723:. Toronto: Between the Lines. pp. 28â32.
4401:
4370:
4339:
4308:
4277:
4215:
4184:
1428:, the elimination of official bilingualism in
6705:
5585:
4224:"Census Canada 1986 Profile of ethnic groups"
4080:
4078:
4052:
4050:
4011:Canadian and French Perspectives on Diversity
3753:
3545:
2511:, as all public institutions attached to the
1717:In Canada, 85% of French Canadians reside in
987:mainly before the nineteenth century, are an
953:
5063:
5061:
4060:
4032:
3813:
3216:Of francophone groups located in native land
2163:Reported French population history in Canada
1621:
61:
5289:The French-Canadian Heritage in New England
5103:
4719:. In Adrienne Shadd; Carl E. James (eds.).
4526:ancestors on first coming to North America?
3036:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2870:, especially those who were born American.
1660:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1396:of 1837â1838, after which Lower Canada and
1262:, came mostly but not exclusively from the
6712:
6698:
5592:
5578:
5320:Breton, Raymond, and Pierre Savard, eds.
4926:
4075:
4047:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3786:
3523:List of francophone communities in Ontario
2394:Note 2: 1996-present censuses include the
960:
946:
5246:Canadian Americans § Further reading
5058:
4964:Veltman, Calvin; Lacroix, BenoĂźt (1987).
4878:
4868:
4808:
4494:
4475:. Statistics Canada. 2003. Archived from
4446:. Statistics Canada. 2006. Archived from
3914:"Le francais parlé de la Nouvelle-France"
3579:
3056:Learn how and when to remove this message
2894:and trace their ancestry to the earliest
2424:Jantzen (2006) distinguishes the English
1680:Learn how and when to remove this message
1432:, Canada's military participation in the
1023:French Canadians get their name from the
5428:Marquis, G. E.; Louis Allen (May 1923).
5346:
5135:
5088:
4895:
4503:"Ethnic Diversity Survey: Questionnaire"
4286:"1991 Census: The nation. Ethnic origin"
2735:
2529:
2462:
2100:
1900:Pittsburgh (Fort Duquesne, Pennsylvania)
1830:
1708:
1352:
1121:
1072:From 1535 to the 1690s, the French word
5067:1981-present: Statistic also includes "
4553:Notre histoire: Québec-Canada, Volume 2
4420:from the original on September 28, 2022
4389:from the original on September 21, 2022
4358:from the original on September 22, 2022
4265:from the original on September 12, 2022
4234:from the original on September 14, 2022
4203:from the original on September 27, 2022
4172:from the original on September 18, 2022
4141:from the original on September 18, 2022
4110:from the original on September 28, 2022
4001:
3990:
3598:from the original on September 20, 2022
100:of the total Canadian population (2021)
84:of the total Canadian population (2016)
14:
7421:
5519:from the original on December 17, 2023
5498:
5489:
5410:Louder, Dean R.; Eric Waddell (1993).
5380:from the original on December 17, 2023
5306:from the original on December 17, 2023
5285:
5273:from the original on December 17, 2023
4984:from the original on December 17, 2023
4908:The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
4901:
4767:from the original on September 5, 2021
4737:from the original on December 17, 2023
4714:
4020:from the original on February 24, 2021
3938:
3754:Kuitenbrouwer, Peter (June 27, 2017).
3610:
2525:
2176:
6693:
5573:
5542:(Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, 2010)
5476:77 (2016): 121-150. in New Hampshire
5396:(Les Ă©ditions du Septentrion, 2000).
5342:. University of Maine at Orono Press.
5252:
5160:
5014:from the original on November 7, 2021
4945:from the original on November 4, 2021
4820:from the original on October 30, 2021
4638:"Laughing in both official languages"
4432:
3978:from the original on February 2, 2008
3709:from the original on November 4, 2021
3567:from the original on October 26, 2017
3211:Of French Canadian civic institutions
3143:
1581:formally designates French as a full
1230:. The territories of New France were
5359:
5337:
4717:"Québécitude: An Ambiguous Identity"
4327:from the original on August 12, 2019
3768:from the original on August 17, 2021
3673:R. Louis Gentilcore (January 1987).
3034:adding citations to reliable sources
3001:
1827:French language in the United States
1658:adding citations to reliable sources
1625:
1569:rights under Canadian law since the
1534:. The French spoken in Ontario, the
1463:and settled in Eastern and Northern
1191:to permanently colonize what is now
1039:referred to the area of present-day
999:during the 17th and 18th centuries.
111:Regions with significant populations
7389:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
6719:
5292:. University Press of New England.
5036:. November 22, 2008. Archived from
4967:L'Avenir du français aux Ătats-Unis
4462:
4296:from the original on April 18, 2023
3970:Claude BĂ©lenger (August 23, 2000).
3951:from the original on April 13, 2021
3939:Parent, Stéphane (March 30, 2017).
3894:from the original on April 11, 2021
3756:"The Strange History of 'O Canada'"
3729:"Gervais Carpin, Histoire d'un mot"
2876:L'Avenir du français aux Ătats-Unis
2806:. They also founded such cities as
2596:, also referred to as Manitobain(e)
1197:French colonization of the Americas
1114:instead of simply French Canadian.
932:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
24:
5601:Ethnic origins of people in Canada
5460:from the original on April 6, 2023
5239:
4694:Regroupement québécois de la danse
3628:from the original on July 13, 2022
3081:
2721:
2586:, also referred to as Ontarien(ne)
2171:
2105:Major ethnicities in Canada, 2021.
1088:. At the end of the 17th century,
25:
7465:
7439:Canadian people of French descent
4761:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
3920:from the original on May 11, 2021
3731:. Celat.ulaval.ca. Archived from
2660:, also referred to as Nunavois(e)
2640:, also referred to as Yukonais(e)
2576:, also known as Terre-Neuvien(ne)
7399:Overseas parts of France proper
5207:Les Canadiens français 1600-1900
4914:from the original on May 9, 2008
4501:Statistics Canada (April 2002).
3497:
3483:
3461:
3446:
3431:
3416:
3401:
3386:
3364:
3349:
3334:
3319:
3304:
3282:
3267:
3252:
3237:
3222:
3195:
3180:
3165:
3150:
3128:
3116:
3100:
3088:
3006:
2520:Estates General of French Canada
2065:, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and
1820:
1630:
755:Overseas parts of France proper
278:
46:French Canadian (disambiguation)
5505:. University of Toronto Press.
5422:Cahiers de géographie du Québec
5259:. University of Toronto Press.
5026:
4996:
4957:
4836:
4802:
4779:
4749:
4708:
4682:
4656:
4630:
4605:
4585:
4572:
4560:
4543:
4531:
3963:
3932:
3906:
3863:
3850:
3807:
3780:
3646:G. E. Marquis and Louis Allen,
3123:Royal pavilion of 1663 to 1763.
3095:Royal pavilion of 1534 to 1599.
2997:
2973:Traditionally, Canadiens had a
2650:, also referred to as TĂ©nois(e)
2616:, also referred to Albertain(e)
2077:counties, and in South Dakota.
5494:. University Press of America.
5360:Geyh, Patricia Keeney (2002).
4970:. Service des communications.
4941:. Marianapolis College CEGEP.
4910:. Chicago Historical Society.
3747:
3721:
3695:
3666:
3640:
2968:
2842:, as well as further south in
1264:southwestern regions of France
1047:, divided in three districts (
13:
1:
4904:"French and French Canadians"
3538:
2752:
2667:residing in the provinces of
2606:, also referred to Saskois(e)
2091:
1127:Voyageurs Passing a Waterfall
88:
5347:Faragher, John Mack (2005).
4870:10.1371/journal.pone.0065507
2679:represent a distinct ethnic
2535:Université de Saint-Boniface
2449:(6% of Atlantic provinces).
1920:Prairie du Chien (Wisconsin)
1868:Prairie du Rocher (Illinois)
1497:French Language Services Act
1018:
991:who trace their ancestry to
7:
7444:European diaspora in Canada
7402:Migration of minorities in
5563:United States Census Bureau
5490:Parker, James Hill (1983).
4902:Balesi, Charles J. (2005).
4537:Jantzen (2006) Footnote 9:
4041:Jantzen (2006) Footnote 5:
3858:Quebec: a history 1867â1929
3679:University of Toronto Press
3622:United States Census Bureau
3476:
3469:Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelonais
2800:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
2096:
1837:French in the United States
1588:
1503:
1446:Conscription Crisis of 1944
1442:Conscription Crisis of 1917
758:Migration of minorities in
106:in the United States (2020)
95:(French-speaking Canadians)
27:North American ethnic group
10:
7470:
5941:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
5446:10.1177/000271622310700103
5331:November 14, 2023, at the
5286:Brault, Gerard J. (1986).
5243:
5104:Jack Jedwab (April 2008).
3828:10.1177/000271622310700103
3653:February 24, 2017, at the
2961:
2957:
2725:
2456:
2029:; throughout the state of
1824:
1796:, including the region of
1780:. Many also pioneered the
1507:
1380:in 1713. It took the 1774
1117:
31:
7434:French diaspora in Canada
7397:
7366:
7325:
7299:
7101:
7063:
7032:
6996:
6727:
6659:
6563:
6525:
6464:
6406:
6380:
6329:
6320:
6219:
6166:
6104:
6054:
6018:
6009:
5950:Central and South America
5949:
5898:
5877:
5870:
5833:
5812:
5791:
5741:
5715:
5706:
5607:
5533:Ethnic and Racial Studies
5338:Doty, C. Stewart (1985).
5096:Canada's nationality laws
4809:Churchill, Stacy (2003).
3528:French language in Canada
2574:Newfoundland and Labrador
2452:
2380:
2189:â
1734:interprovincial migration
1704:
1622:Geographical distribution
1405:became a minority in the
997:France's colony of Canada
995:colonists who settled in
222:
217:
201:
196:
181:
176:
115:
110:
75:
70:
59:
42:Canadien (disambiguation)
6781:Central African Republic
5549:October 7, 2023, at the
5403:August 26, 2023, at the
5205:Noël Montgomery Elliot,
4791:August 15, 2021, at the
4664:"Burnside: All grown up"
3705:. Marianopolis College.
3076:
2396:"Canadian" ethnic origin
1786:Saint Boniface, Manitoba
1616:United States of America
1211:, as well as the entire
1011:, an event known as the
912:People of French descent
154:French Canadian American
6414:Nordic and Scandinavian
4002:Jantzen, Lorna (2003).
3533:CanadaâFrance relations
2975:subsistence agriculture
2407:Ethnic Diversity Survey
1880:New Orleans (Louisiana)
1876:Baton Rouge (Louisiana)
1573:of 1969, and under the
1394:Lower Canada Rebellions
1025:French colony of Canada
829:Cultural Heritage sites
79:in Canada (by ancestry)
7429:French-Canadian people
5499:Silver, A. I. (1997).
5483:July 25, 2023, at the
4598:4 January 2007 at the
3972:"The Quiet Revolution"
2759:
2570:Franco-Newfoundlanders
2538:
2468:
2434:Canadian Confederation
2106:
1892:Creve Coeur (Missouri)
1864:Bourbonnais (Illinois)
1839:
1714:
1571:Official Languages Act
1422:Canadian Confederation
1414:responsible government
1365:
1207:, southern Quebec and
1133:
980:
127:, small minorities in
62:
40:. For other uses, see
7449:Linguistic minorities
7242:Saint Kitts and Nevis
7178:Franco-Newfoundlander
6817:Republic of the Congo
5253:Allan, Greer (1997).
5244:Further information:
4763:. November 27, 2006.
3890:. November 14, 2014.
2962:Further information:
2739:
2726:Further information:
2648:Northwest Territories
2533:
2466:
2104:
1927:Plattsburgh, New York
1916:Milwaukee (Wisconsin)
1912:La Crosse (Wisconsin)
1908:Green Bay (Wisconsin)
1860:Belleville (Illinois)
1852:Coeur d'Alene (Idaho)
1834:
1712:
1575:Canadian Constitution
1550:which are considered
1484:Northwest Territories
1370:French and Indian War
1356:
1199:). Their colonies of
1125:
1059:), as well as to the
1031:during the period of
907:List of French people
677:Franco-Newfoundlander
533:Saint Kitts and Nevis
218:Related ethnic groups
38:Francophone Canadians
7055:United Arab Emirates
5424:23.58 (1979): 53-72.
5172:and Jacques Legaré,
5040:on November 22, 2008
5034:"Chantecler Chicken"
4715:BĂ©dard, Guy (2001).
3424:Franco-Terreneuviens
3030:improve this section
2814:and villages in the
2673:Prince Edward Island
2555:Franco-manitobain(e)
2513:Government of Quebec
2485:Canadienne française
2413:, French Canadians,
1896:St. Louis (Missouri)
1888:Biloxi (Mississippi)
1727:French colonial rule
1654:improve this section
1390:Legislative Assembly
1346:(primarily Southern
1336:Louisville, Kentucky
1302:marriages (see also
1246:; the mid-continent
1131:Frances Anne Hopkins
1106:emerged. During the
1076:had referred to the
441:United Arab Emirates
141:Prince Edward Island
123:, large minority in
92: 10.56 million
5535:4.1 (1981): 91-109.
4861:2013PLoSO...865507M
4799:778, May/June 2015.
4515:on 12 February 2010
4414:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4383:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4352:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4321:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4290:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4259:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4228:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4197:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4166:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4135:www12.statcan.gc.ca
4104:www12.statcan.gc.ca
3888:Quebec Culture Blog
3873:(1996), pp 165â174.
3592:www12.statcan.gc.ca
3561:www12.statcan.gc.ca
3173:Carillon-SacrĂ©-CĆur
2626:mostly live in the
2559:Franco-ontarien(ne)
2551:Franco-canadien(ne)
2526:Elsewhere in Canada
2467:Languages in Quebec
2164:
2111:
1935:Burlington, Vermont
1856:Vincennes (Indiana)
1532:Newfoundland French
1420:and in undertaking
1362:Cornelius Krieghoff
1033:French colonization
544:French Louisianians
252:Old Stock Canadians
56:
6762:French Upper Volta
5644:Canadian ethnicity
5326:online book review
5170:Hubert Charbonneau
5161:Genealogical works
5118:on October 2, 2011
5010:. March 18, 2021.
4644:. October 20, 2004
4642:The Globe and Mail
4482:on October 7, 2016
3860:(1983) p. 261â272.
3144:After the conquest
3111:from 1600 to 1663.
2920:New England French
2909:French Canadians:
2860:Hollywood, Florida
2816:Mississippi Valley
2802:as well as around
2760:
2728:Canadian Americans
2539:
2497:Quebec sovereignty
2469:
2162:
2109:
2107:
2033:, particularly in
1884:Detroit (Michigan)
1840:
1715:
1699:U.S. Census Bureau
1544:Québécois Standard
1490:. The province of
1407:Province of Canada
1366:
1332:Vincennes, Indiana
1205:Maritime provinces
1134:
1045:St. Lawrence River
983:), referred to as
981:Canadiens français
475:Germany (pre-1918)
289:Native communities
266:of articles on the
63:Canadiens français
54:
34:Montreal Canadiens
7454:Ethnic minorities
7416:
7415:
7290:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7094:
7082:
6972:
6930:
6876:
6834:French Somaliland
6687:
6686:
6655:
6654:
6316:
6315:
6005:
6004:
5866:
5865:
5149:978-1-55130-322-2
5136:Don Kerr (2007).
4591:See p. 14 of the
3327:Franco-Columbians
3066:
3065:
3058:
2964:Culture of Quebec
2940:Louisiana Creoles
2620:Franco-Columbians
2590:Franco-Manitobans
2501:Canadien français
2493:Canadien français
2481:Canadien français
2403:
2402:
2384:Statistics Canada
2160:
2159:
2123:French Canadians
1782:Canadian Prairies
1690:
1689:
1682:
1583:official language
1567:minority language
1540:Quebec's diaspora
1378:Treaty of Utrecht
1344:Canadian prairies
1275:coureurs des bois
1228:fur trading posts
1213:Mississippi River
1013:Grande HĂ©morragie
970:
969:
849:History of France
686:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
553:
546:
471:
461:
376:
349:
257:
256:
16:(Redirected from
7461:
7286:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7260:French Canadians
7258:
7251:
7197:
7190:
7185:Franco-Yukonnais
7183:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7150:Franco-Manitoban
7148:
7143:Franco-Columbian
7141:
7136:Franco-Albertans
7134:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7088:
7076:
6966:
6924:
6870:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6691:
6690:
6465:Southeast Europe
6327:
6326:
6016:
6015:
5875:
5874:
5713:
5712:
5649:French Canadians
5594:
5587:
5580:
5571:
5570:
5538:SzlezĂĄk, Edith.
5528:
5526:
5524:
5495:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5415:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5366:. Ancestry Pub.
5356:
5354:
5343:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5154:
5153:
5130:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5110:
5092:
5080:
5065:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4882:
4872:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4815:
4806:
4800:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4670:. March 23, 2004
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4609:
4603:
4589:
4583:
4578:Jantzen (2006):
4576:
4570:
4566:Jantzen (2006):
4564:
4558:
4557:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4507:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4450:on March 4, 2016
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4095:
4089:
4084:Jantzen (2006):
4082:
4073:
4069:Jantzen (2005):
4067:
4058:
4054:
4045:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4008:
3999:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3884:"Our 32 Accents"
3880:
3874:
3871:Canada 1874â1896
3867:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3670:
3664:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3552:
3513:French Americans
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3465:
3450:
3435:
3420:
3405:
3390:
3372:Franco-Yukonnais
3368:
3353:
3338:
3323:
3312:Franco-Americans
3308:
3286:
3275:Franco-Ontarians
3271:
3260:Franco-Manitoban
3256:
3245:Franco-Albertans
3241:
3226:
3199:
3184:
3169:
3154:
3132:
3120:
3107:Pavilion of the
3104:
3092:
3061:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3010:
3002:
2980:selectively bred
2934:Illinois Country
2757:
2754:
2745:French Americans
2732:French Americans
2703:Aroostook County
2695:Madawaska County
2634:Franco-Yukonnais
2624:British Columbia
2610:Franco-Albertans
2580:Franco-Ontarians
2509:political issues
2459:Québécois people
2178:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2112:
2108:
1848:Mobile (Alabama)
1835:Distribution of
1812:
1742:Northern Ontario
1685:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1634:
1626:
1607:Quiet Revolution
1560:Canadian English
1457:Franco-Americans
1374:Seven Years' War
1292:King's Daughters
1248:Illinois Country
1108:Quiet Revolution
1099:English Canadian
973:French Canadians
962:
955:
948:
682:
675:
668:
663:Franco-Yukonnais
661:
656:Franco-Columbian
654:
647:
640:
635:Franco-Manitoban
633:
628:Franco-Ontarians
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
584:
577:
570:
563:
558:French Canadians
556:
549:
542:
465:
455:
370:
343:
282:
259:
258:
248:Breton Canadians
187:Canadian English
129:Northern Ontario
93:
90:
71:Total population
65:
57:
55:French Canadians
53:
21:
18:French-Canadians
7469:
7468:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7412:
7400:
7393:
7362:
7321:
7295:
7212:French Antilles
7164:Franco-Ontarian
7157:Franco-Nunavois
7097:
7059:
7028:
6992:
6981:French Togoland
6939:Colony of Niger
6774:French Cameroon
6723:
6721:French diaspora
6718:
6688:
6683:
6651:
6559:
6526:Southern Europe
6521:
6460:
6407:Northern Europe
6402:
6376:
6312:
6215:
6162:
6100:
6050:
6001:
5945:
5894:
5862:
5829:
5813:Southern Africa
5808:
5787:
5737:
5702:
5693:Irish Canadians
5603:
5598:
5568:
5551:Wayback Machine
5522:
5520:
5513:
5485:Wayback Machine
5463:
5461:
5405:Wayback Machine
5392:Lamarre, Jean.
5383:
5381:
5374:
5355:. W. W. Norton.
5333:Wayback Machine
5309:
5307:
5300:
5276:
5274:
5267:
5248:
5242:
5240:Further reading
5221:Cyprien Tanguay
5163:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5099:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5083:
5066:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5008:afs.okstate.edu
5002:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4978:
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4900:
4896:
4841:
4837:
4823:
4821:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4793:Wayback Machine
4784:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4731:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4671:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4621:
4619:
4617:Tampa Bay Times
4611:
4610:
4606:
4600:Wayback Machine
4590:
4586:
4577:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4532:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4359:
4344:
4340:
4330:
4328:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4158:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4096:
4092:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4061:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4006:
4000:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3868:
3864:
3855:
3851:
3812:
3808:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3735:on July 6, 2011
3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3671:
3667:
3655:Wayback Machine
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3518:Quebec diaspora
3503:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3472:
3466:
3457:
3451:
3442:
3436:
3427:
3421:
3412:
3406:
3397:
3391:
3382:
3375:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3345:
3342:Franco-Nunavois
3339:
3330:
3324:
3315:
3309:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3278:
3272:
3263:
3257:
3248:
3242:
3233:
3227:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3191:
3185:
3176:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3146:
3139:
3133:
3124:
3121:
3112:
3105:
3096:
3093:
3084:
3082:From New France
3079:
3062:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3027:
3011:
3000:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2944:Colonial French
2930:Missouri French
2868:Franco-American
2858:, particularly
2794:, far northern
2755:
2734:
2724:
2681:French-speaking
2656:, territory of
2654:Franco-Nunavois
2646:, territory of
2636:, territory of
2528:
2475:(masculine) or
2461:
2455:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2099:
2094:
1829:
1823:
1810:
1707:
1686:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1651:
1635:
1624:
1591:
1514:There are many
1512:
1510:Canadian French
1506:
1469:Franco-Ontarian
1434:Second Boer War
1342:region and the
1340:Windsor-Detroit
1238:(later renamed
1187:were the first
1120:
1104:French Canadian
1021:
966:
937:
936:
902:
894:
893:
869:
859:
858:
854:Napoleonic wars
844:
834:
833:
779:
769:
768:
756:
684:Franco-Nunavois
649:Franco-Albertan
503:French Antilles
320:
310:
309:
290:
183:Canadian French
148:
133:Eastern Ontario
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
85:
80:
66:
52:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7467:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7414:
7413:
7398:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7370:
7368:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7329:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7174:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7139:
7132:
7125:
7118:
7105:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7086:United Kingdom
7083:
7073:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6973:
6961:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6931:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6877:
6873:White Ghanaian
6867:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6810:French Comoros
6802:
6801:
6800:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6750:French Dahomey
6742:
6737:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6724:
6717:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6694:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6665:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6617:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6567:
6565:
6564:Western Europe
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6382:
6381:Eastern Europe
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6330:Central Europe
6324:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6225:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6168:Southeast Asia
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6060:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6020:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5843:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5799:South Sudanese
5795:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5717:
5716:Horn of Africa
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5698:Black Loyalist
5695:
5690:
5688:Newfoundlander
5685:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5597:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5574:
5567:
5566:
5554:
5536:
5529:
5511:
5496:
5487:
5470:
5425:
5417:
5416:
5407:
5390:
5372:
5357:
5344:
5335:
5317:
5316:
5298:
5283:
5265:
5249:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5218:
5203:
5185:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5148:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5025:
4995:
4976:
4956:
4939:Quebec History
4925:
4894:
4835:
4801:
4778:
4748:
4729:
4707:
4681:
4655:
4629:
4604:
4584:
4571:
4559:
4542:
4530:
4493:
4461:
4431:
4400:
4369:
4338:
4307:
4276:
4245:
4214:
4183:
4152:
4121:
4090:
4074:
4059:
4046:
4031:
3989:
3962:
3931:
3905:
3875:
3862:
3849:
3806:
3779:
3746:
3720:
3694:
3687:
3665:
3639:
3609:
3578:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3494:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3460:
3458:
3454:MĂ©tis (Canada)
3452:
3445:
3443:
3439:MĂ©tis (Canada)
3437:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3203:Flag of Quebec
3201:
3194:
3192:
3188:Flag of Quebec
3186:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3064:
3063:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2970:
2967:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2914:Muskrat French
2884:BenoĂźt Lacroix
2880:Calvin Veltman
2723:
2720:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2622:, province of
2617:
2612:, province of
2607:
2602:, province of
2597:
2592:, province of
2587:
2582:, province of
2577:
2572:, province of
2563:fransaskois(e)
2527:
2524:
2457:Main article:
2454:
2451:
2401:
2400:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
1931:Lake Champlain
1872:Dubuque (Iowa)
1822:
1819:
1798:Grande Prairie
1723:Nord-du-Québec
1706:
1703:
1688:
1687:
1638:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1590:
1587:
1524:Acadian French
1508:Main article:
1505:
1502:
1409:in the 1850s.
1372:(known as the
1308:Acadian people
1139:settlers from
1119:
1116:
1062:Pays d'en Haut
1053:Trois-RiviĂšres
1020:
1017:
968:
967:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
870:
865:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
851:
845:
840:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
780:
775:
774:
771:
770:
754:
753:
748:
743:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
690:
689:
688:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
591:
590:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
547:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
489:
488:
485:
482:
477:
472:
462:
453:United Kingdom
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
427:
426:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
378:
377:
365:
360:
355:
350:
340:
335:
330:
321:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
297:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
275:
274:
268:
267:
255:
254:
220:
219:
215:
214:
202:Predominantly
199:
198:
194:
193:
179:
178:
174:
173:
156:minorities in
119:: majority in
113:
112:
108:
107:
73:
72:
68:
67:
60:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7466:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7396:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7365:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7326:South America
7324:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7312:New Caledonia
7310:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7298:
7289:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7247:United States
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7172:
7171:Franco-TĂ©nois
7168:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:North America
7100:
7092:
7087:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6970:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6928:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6890:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
6888:
6884:
6883:French Guinea
6881:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6791:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6703:
6701:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6680:
6679:New Zealander
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:North America
5876:
5873:
5869:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5820:South African
5818:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5620:First Nations
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5590:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5565:, Census 2000
5564:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5530:
5518:
5514:
5512:0-8020-7928-8
5508:
5504:
5503:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5379:
5375:
5373:1-931279-01-2
5369:
5365:
5364:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5305:
5301:
5299:0-87451-359-6
5295:
5291:
5290:
5284:
5272:
5268:
5266:0-8020-7816-8
5262:
5258:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5234:
5233:0-88545-009-4
5230:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5215:0-919941-20-6
5212:
5208:
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3103:
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3015:This section
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2856:South Florida
2853:
2849:
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2844:Massachusetts
2841:
2840:New Hampshire
2837:
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2820:United States
2817:
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2699:New Brunswick
2696:
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2678:
2674:
2670:
2669:New Brunswick
2666:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2644:Franco-TĂ©nois
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
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2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2523:
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2240:
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2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:East Hartford
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:New Hampshire
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:Massachusetts
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
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1821:United States
1818:
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1794:Peace Country
1791:
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1639:This section
1637:
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1599:
1595:
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1536:Canadian West
1533:
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1520:Quebec French
1517:
1511:
1501:
1499:
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1493:
1489:
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1476:New Brunswick
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1438:Regulation 17
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1296:Filles du Roi
1293:
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1078:First Nations
1075:
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1005:North America
1000:
998:
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990:
986:
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978:
974:
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949:
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797:
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790:
787:
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782:
781:
778:
773:
772:
767:
765:
761:
752:
749:
747:
746:New Caledonia
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
736:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
694:
693:South America
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
670:Franco-TĂ©nois
667:
664:
660:
657:
653:
650:
646:
643:
639:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:
611:
608:
604:
601:
597:
596:
595:
592:
587:
583:
580:
576:
573:
569:
566:
562:
559:
555:
552:
548:
545:
541:
540:
539:
538:United States
536:
534:
531:
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524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
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492:North America
486:
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459:
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369:
366:
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326:
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319:
314:
313:
305:
301:
298:
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293:
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286:
285:
281:
277:
276:
273:
272:French people
270:
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260:
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241:
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233:
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159:
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150:United States
146:
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138:
134:
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126:
125:New Brunswick
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
99:
94:
83:
78:
74:
69:
64:
58:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
7401:
7108:
7075:Netherlands
6964:South Africa
6905:French Sudan
6858:James Island
6846:French Gabon
6786:Ubangi-Shari
6757:Burkina Faso
6647:Luxembourger
6619:
6598:Scotch-Irish
6124:Anglo-Indian
6019:Central Asia
5936:Puerto Rican
5742:North Africa
5648:
5557:
5539:
5532:
5521:. Retrieved
5501:
5491:
5473:
5462:. Retrieved
5437:
5433:
5421:
5411:
5393:
5382:. Retrieved
5362:
5350:
5339:
5321:
5308:. Retrieved
5288:
5275:. Retrieved
5255:
5224:
5206:
5191:
5190:and collab,
5173:
5164:
5138:
5132:
5127:
5120:. Retrieved
5113:the original
5100:
5090:
5042:. Retrieved
5038:the original
5028:
5016:. Retrieved
5007:
4998:
4986:. Retrieved
4966:
4959:
4947:. Retrieved
4938:
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4907:
4897:
4852:
4848:
4838:
4829:
4822:. Retrieved
4804:
4796:
4781:
4771:December 21,
4769:. Retrieved
4751:
4739:. Retrieved
4720:
4710:
4698:. Retrieved
4693:
4684:
4672:. Retrieved
4667:
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4641:
4632:
4620:. Retrieved
4616:
4607:
4587:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4562:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4524:
4517:. Retrieved
4510:the original
4496:
4484:. Retrieved
4477:the original
4464:
4452:. Retrieved
4448:the original
4443:
4434:
4422:. Retrieved
4413:
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4382:
4372:
4360:. Retrieved
4351:
4341:
4329:. Retrieved
4320:
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4289:
4279:
4267:. Retrieved
4258:
4248:
4236:. Retrieved
4227:
4217:
4205:. Retrieved
4196:
4186:
4174:. Retrieved
4165:
4155:
4143:. Retrieved
4134:
4124:
4112:. Retrieved
4103:
4093:
4085:
4070:
4042:
4022:. Retrieved
4010:
3980:. Retrieved
3965:
3953:. Retrieved
3945:Radio-Canada
3944:
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3908:
3898:February 26,
3896:. Retrieved
3887:
3878:
3870:
3869:P.B. Waite,
3865:
3857:
3852:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3759:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3733:the original
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3697:
3674:
3668:
3658:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3612:
3600:. Retrieved
3591:
3581:
3569:. Retrieved
3560:
3071:
3067:
3052:
3043:
3028:Please help
3016:
2998:Modern usage
2972:
2904:
2888:
2875:
2872:
2848:Rhode Island
2767:
2761:
2741:Distribution
2714:
2711:
2689:
2684:
2663:
2604:Saskatchewan
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2543:québécois(e)
2542:
2540:
2517:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2406:
2404:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2084:still speak
2079:
2061:, Illinois,
1999:Rhode Island
1924:
1904:Provo (Utah)
1841:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1731:
1716:
1691:
1676:
1667:
1652:Please help
1640:
1592:
1564:
1556:
1543:
1528:MĂ©tis French
1513:
1495:
1473:
1450:
1411:
1402:
1398:Upper Canada
1386:Lower Canada
1367:
1357:
1311:
1304:Metis people
1295:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1251:
1222:in 1605 and
1217:
1135:
1126:
1103:
1097:
1089:
1073:
1071:
1060:
1036:
1022:
1001:
989:ethnic group
984:
972:
971:
804:Architecture
757:
734:
733:
692:
691:
593:
491:
490:
464:Netherlands
446:
445:
412:
411:
380:
379:
368:South Africa
322:
149:
116:
103:
97:
87:
81:
76:
51:Ethnic group
29:
7317:New Zealand
7237:Puerto Rico
7192:Fransaskois
7033:Middle East
6822:Brazzaville
6798:French Chad
6502:Montenegrin
6281:Azerbaijani
6249:Palestinian
6201:Singaporean
6114:Bangladeshi
5834:West Africa
5792:East Africa
5523:October 17,
5384:October 17,
5310:October 17,
5277:October 17,
5044:November 7,
5018:November 7,
4741:October 17,
4696:(in French)
4013:: 103â118.
3955:November 1,
3924:November 1,
3739:January 28,
3632:October 12,
3290:Fransaskois
2969:Agriculture
2942:(who speak
2852:Connecticut
2824:New England
2808:New Orleans
2772:Mississippi
2768:Louisianais
2756: 2000
2677:Nova Scotia
2600:Fransaskois
2547:acadien(ne)
2537:in Manitoba
2505:francophone
2118:Population
2027:Connecticut
1987:New Bedford
1770:Timiskaming
1594:Catholicism
1471:community.
1453:New England
1418:the Canadas
1320:Mississippi
1240:Nova Scotia
1226:in 1608 as
1224:Quebec City
1067:Great Lakes
1009:New England
751:New Zealand
642:Fransaskois
528:Puerto Rico
413:Middle East
212:Irreligious
206:, minority
158:New England
137:Nova Scotia
7423:Categories
6969:Afrikaners
6956:Seychelles
6927:Afrikaners
6895:Madagascar
6853:The Gambia
6669:Australian
6543:Portuguese
6497:Macedonian
6456:Lithuanian
6388:Belarusian
6211:Vietnamese
6186:Indonesian
6158:Sri Lankan
6106:South Asia
5997:Venezuelan
5987:Salvadoran
5977:Guatemalan
5825:Zimbabwean
5615:Indigenous
5188:René Jetté
4700:August 16,
4674:August 16,
4648:August 16,
4622:August 16,
4057:category."
3761:The Walrus
3688:0802034470
3539:References
2830:border in
2477:Québécoise
2136:4,941,210
2126:6,695,770
2092:Identities
2039:St. Albans
2035:Burlington
2003:Manchester
1995:Woonsocket
1983:Fall River
1943:Leominster
1844:New France
1825:See also:
1754:Hawkesbury
1598:New France
1552:sociolects
1426:Louis Riel
1382:Quebec Act
1300:Algonquian
1220:Port Royal
1201:New France
1092:became an
1043:along the
1029:New France
789:Literature
373:Afrikaners
363:Seychelles
346:Afrikaners
333:Madagascar
208:Protestant
7333:Argentina
7307:Australia
7267:Huguenots
7217:Guatemala
7199:Québécois
7091:Huguenots
7079:Huguenots
7004:Hong Kong
6912:Mauritius
6635:Québécois
6482:Bulgarian
6434:Norwegian
6429:Icelandic
6398:Ukrainian
6367:Slovenian
6352:Hungarian
6239:Jordanian
6221:West Asia
6196:Malaysian
6176:Cambodian
6141:Pakistani
6091:Taiwanese
6086:Mongolian
6069:Hong Kong
6056:East Asia
5992:Uruguayan
5972:Colombian
5962:Brazilian
5957:Argentine
5916:Dominican
5906:Barbadian
5899:Caribbean
5728:Ethiopian
5659:Québécois
5454:143714682
5133:Source 2:
5101:Source 1:
5073:Quebecois
4797:Relations
4486:March 13,
4454:March 17,
4444:The Daily
3844:143714682
3801:0024-2020
3230:Québécois
3046:July 2021
3017:does not
2926:Creoles:
2896:voyageurs
2864:St. Louis
2812:St. Louis
2784:Wisconsin
2764:Louisiana
2628:Vancouver
2473:Québécois
2415:Québécois
2398:category.
2373:4,995,040
2362:5,386,995
2351:5,146,940
2340:4,809,250
2329:5,709,215
2318:8,389,180
2307:8,123,360
2296:7,111,540
2285:6,180,120
2274:5,540,346
2263:4,319,167
2252:3,483,038
2241:2,927,990
2230:2,452,743
2219:2,061,719
2208:1,649,371
2197:1,298,929
2186:1,082,940
2142:Québécois
2115:Identity
2075:Bottineau
2067:Minnesota
2063:Wisconsin
2047:Biddeford
1955:Haverhill
1951:Worcester
1939:Fitchburg
1929:, across
1766:North Bay
1670:July 2021
1641:does not
1516:varieties
1403:Canadiens
1358:Habitants
1316:Louisiana
1312:Canadiens
1287:habitants
1281:voyageurs
1260:Acadiens)
1252:Canadiens
1244:Louisiana
1189:Europeans
1181:Saintonge
1177:Angoumois
1112:Québécois
1086:Hochelaga
1082:Stadacona
1019:Etymology
985:Canadiens
741:Australia
729:Venezuela
699:Argentina
621:Québécois
565:Huguenots
508:Guatemala
468:Huguenots
458:Huguenots
387:Hong Kong
338:Mauritius
224:Quebecois
191:Franglais
177:Languages
170:Louisiana
104:1,998,012
77:4,995,040
7384:Walloons
7367:See also
7348:Colombia
7281:Corsican
7115:Acadians
7024:Pakistan
6829:Djibouti
6769:Cameroon
6674:Hawaiian
6625:Acadians
6603:Scottish
6517:Yugoslav
6507:Romanian
6487:Croatian
6472:Albanian
6446:Estonian
6337:Austrian
6276:Assyrian
6271:Armenian
6244:Lebanese
6181:Filipino
6076:Japanese
5982:Peruvian
5931:Jamaican
5921:Guyanese
5885:American
5871:Americas
5846:Nigerian
5841:Ghanaian
5804:Sudanese
5781:Egyptian
5769:Tunisian
5764:Moroccan
5754:Algerian
5723:Eritrean
5676:Scottish
5654:Acadians
5547:Archived
5517:Archived
5481:Archived
5464:June 18,
5458:Archived
5401:Archived
5378:Archived
5329:Archived
5304:Archived
5271:Archived
5122:March 7,
5012:Archived
4982:Archived
4943:Archived
4912:Archived
4889:23776491
4849:PLOS ONE
4818:Archived
4789:Archived
4765:Archived
4735:Archived
4668:ESPN.com
4596:Archived
4519:25 April
4418:Archived
4387:Archived
4356:Archived
4325:Archived
4294:Archived
4263:Archived
4232:Archived
4201:Archived
4170:Archived
4139:Archived
4108:Archived
4015:Archived
3982:March 2,
3976:Archived
3949:Archived
3918:Archived
3892:Archived
3822:: 7â12.
3766:Archived
3713:June 18,
3707:Archived
3651:Archived
3626:Archived
3596:Archived
3565:Archived
3477:See also
3394:Acadians
3190:in 1948.
2992:chickens
2900:settlers
2798:and the
2796:New York
2780:Illinois
2776:Missouri
2766:(called
2665:Acadians
2594:Manitoba
2489:Canadien
2430:Canadien
2426:Canadian
2382:Source:
2146:146,590
2059:Michigan
2051:Lewiston
2019:Hartford
1979:Somerset
1975:Chicopee
1971:Lawrence
1815:Canadien
1808:Canadien
1750:Cornwall
1589:Religion
1504:Language
1461:migrated
1444:and the
1430:Manitoba
1348:Manitoba
1328:Illinois
1324:Missouri
1270:Canadien
1256:Acadians
1215:Valley.
1165:Touraine
1153:Brittany
1141:Normandy
1094:ethnonym
1090:Canadien
1074:Canadien
1057:Montréal
927:Walloons
867:Language
784:Religion
714:Colombia
600:Acadians
579:Corsican
487:Portugal
407:Pakistan
342:Namibia
318:Diaspora
264:a series
262:Part of
232:Acadians
226:, other
204:Catholic
197:Religion
166:Michigan
162:New York
152:: small
145:Manitoba
7408:Basques
7379:Bretons
7374:Basques
7358:Uruguay
7300:Oceania
7227:Jamaica
7071:Hungary
7045:Lebanon
6988:Tunisia
6960:Somalia
6951:Senegal
6946:RĂ©union
6922:Namibia
6917:Morocco
6879:Guinea
6863:Albreda
6805:Comoros
6735:Algeria
6661:Oceania
6593:English
6588:Cornish
6583:British
6576:Flemish
6571:Belgian
6548:Spanish
6538:Maltese
6533:Italian
6512:Serbian
6477:Bosnian
6451:Latvian
6439:Swedish
6424:Finnish
6393:Russian
6308:Turkish
6303:Kurdish
6296:Israeli
6286:Iranian
6191:Laotian
6146:Punjabi
6096:Tibetan
6064:Chinese
5967:Chilean
5926:Haitian
5890:Mexican
5671:English
5666:British
5625:by band
5324:(1982)
5071:" and "
5069:Acadian
4880:3680396
4857:Bibcode
3836:1014689
3789:Liberté
3772:July 7,
3038:removed
3023:sources
2958:Culture
2836:Vermont
2804:Detroit
2788:Indiana
2747:in the
2691:Brayons
2658:Nunavut
2614:Alberta
2584:Ontario
2447:Acadian
2419:Acadian
2156:96,145
2152:Acadian
2071:Rolette
2031:Vermont
2021:, and
2015:Bristol
1967:Gardner
1959:Waltham
1790:Alberta
1788:and in
1778:Windsor
1774:Welland
1762:Timmins
1758:Sudbury
1738:Eastern
1662:removed
1647:sources
1492:Ontario
1488:Nunavut
1465:Ontario
1242:), and
1209:Ontario
1185:Gascony
1118:History
922:Bretons
917:Basques
889:Romance
879:Walloon
842:History
824:Symbols
814:Cuisine
777:Culture
764:Basques
735:Oceania
724:Uruguay
518:Jamaica
480:Hungary
431:Lebanon
358:Senegal
353:RĂ©union
328:Algeria
244:Brayons
7406:(i.e.
7404:France
7338:Brazil
7288:Basque
7274:Breton
7253:Cajuns
7232:Mexico
7129:Basque
7122:Brayon
7109:Canada
7064:Europe
7050:Turkey
7040:Israel
6869:Ghana
6740:Angola
6728:Africa
6630:Breton
6620:French
6553:Basque
6419:Danish
6362:Slovak
6357:Polish
6347:German
6322:Europe
6291:Jewish
6264:Yemeni
6259:Syrian
6153:Romani
6136:Nepali
6119:Indian
6081:Korean
6031:Kazakh
6026:Afghan
5856:Yoruba
5776:Coptic
5759:Libyan
5749:Berber
5733:Somali
5708:Africa
5608:Canada
5544:online
5509:
5478:online
5474:Labour
5452:
5398:online
5370:
5296:
5263:
5231:
5213:
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5180:
5146:
4988:May 1,
4974:
4949:May 5,
4918:May 5,
4887:
4877:
4824:May 5,
4727:
4593:report
4024:May 7,
3842:
3834:
3799:
3685:
3409:Cajuns
2988:horses
2984:cattle
2952:Cajuns
2850:, and
2838:, and
2828:Quebec
2453:Quebec
2417:, and
2411:French
2343:â15.8%
2332:â31.9%
2310:+14.2%
2299:+15.1%
2288:+11.5%
2277:+28.3%
2266:+24.0%
2255:+19.0%
2244:+19.4%
2233:+19.0%
2222:+25.0%
2211:+27.0%
2200:+19.9%
2132:French
2097:Canada
2086:Michif
2045:; and
2041:, and
2007:Nashua
1985:, and
1963:Lowell
1746:Ottawa
1719:Quebec
1705:Canada
1695:French
1611:Quebec
1602:Canada
1530:, and
1486:, and
1482:, the
1364:(1852)
1338:, the
1236:Acadia
1232:Canada
1193:Quebec
1183:, and
1169:Poitou
1149:Beauce
1145:Perche
1137:French
1069:area.
1055:, and
1049:Québec
1041:Quebec
1037:Canada
993:French
977:French
884:Breton
874:French
799:Cinema
762:(i.e.
760:France
704:Brazil
614:Basque
607:Brayon
594:Canada
586:Basque
572:Breton
551:Cajuns
523:Mexico
447:Europe
436:Turkey
419:Israel
323:Africa
295:France
236:Cajuns
228:French
121:Quebec
117:Canada
7343:Chile
7222:Haiti
7019:Korea
7014:Japan
7009:India
6934:Niger
6841:Gabon
6745:Benin
6642:Irish
6615:Dutch
6608:Welsh
6492:Greek
6372:Swiss
6342:Czech
6254:Saudi
6234:Iraqi
6129:Tamil
6046:Uzbek
6041:Tatar
6036:Tajik
5911:Cuban
5681:Welsh
5637:MĂ©tis
5632:Inuit
5450:S2CID
5116:(PDF)
5109:(PDF)
4814:(PDF)
4513:(PDF)
4506:(PDF)
4480:(PDF)
4473:(PDF)
4018:(PDF)
4007:(PDF)
3840:S2CID
3832:JSTOR
3795:(3).
3077:Flags
2892:MĂ©tis
2832:Maine
2707:Maine
2638:Yukon
2549:, or
2376:â7.3%
2365:+4.7%
2354:+7.0%
2321:+3.3%
2082:Metis
2080:Some
2055:Maine
2043:Barre
1933:from
1548:Joual
1480:Yukon
1173:Aunis
1161:Anjou
1157:Maine
901:Other
819:Dress
809:Sport
794:Music
709:Chile
513:Haiti
484:Spain
402:Korea
397:Japan
392:India
304:Aosta
300:Italy
240:MĂ©tis
98:29.1%
82:14.5%
7353:Peru
7207:Cuba
6997:Asia
6976:Togo
6900:Mali
6793:Chad
6229:Arab
6206:Thai
6011:Asia
5851:Igbo
5525:2020
5507:ISBN
5466:2014
5386:2020
5368:ISBN
5312:2020
5294:ISBN
5279:2020
5261:ISBN
5229:ISBN
5211:ISBN
5196:ISBN
5178:ISBN
5144:ISBN
5124:2011
5046:2021
5020:2021
4990:2018
4972:ISBN
4951:2008
4920:2008
4885:PMID
4826:2008
4773:2006
4743:2020
4725:ISBN
4702:2024
4676:2024
4650:2024
4624:2024
4521:2008
4488:2021
4456:2008
4426:2022
4395:2022
4364:2022
4333:2022
4302:2022
4271:2022
4240:2022
4209:2022
4178:2022
4147:2022
4116:2022
4026:2012
3984:2011
3957:2021
3926:2021
3900:2021
3797:ISSN
3774:2017
3741:2011
3715:2014
3683:ISBN
3634:2022
3604:2022
3573:2022
3021:any
3019:cite
2990:and
2898:and
2882:and
2810:and
2792:Ohio
2730:and
2715:only
2701:and
2675:and
2483:and
2370:2016
2359:2011
2348:2006
2337:2001
2326:1996
2315:1991
2304:1986
2293:1981
2282:1971
2271:1961
2260:1951
2249:1941
2238:1931
2227:1921
2216:1911
2205:1901
2194:1881
2183:1871
2172:Pop.
2168:Year
2073:and
2049:and
2005:and
1947:Lynn
1776:and
1740:and
1645:any
1643:cite
1416:for
1306:and
1278:and
1102:and
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719:Peru
498:Cuba
424:Jews
381:Asia
168:and
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5442:doi
5438:107
4875:PMC
4865:doi
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