44:
645:
2133:
846:. Mao became frustrated with resistance to the Socialist Education Movement and the experience further developed his view that the relationship between cadres and the people needed to be improved. When the Cultural Revolution began, rural regions had not yet completed the Socialist Education Movement, and the committees in charge of it converted into Cultural Revolution leading groups.
804:
During the
Socialist Education Movement, higher level cadres were sent around the country to investigate the relationships between local cadres and the people. Urban young people were also encouraged to visit rural areas during breaks from school to learn about the conditions of rural people.
825:
The campaign had immediate difficulties. Higher level cadres often did not want to be sent to rural areas of China. In a technique described as "turning away the spearpoint," local cadres often sought to blame problems on former
2108:
816:
and encouraged audience members to discuss bitter experiences onstage. Films termed "emphasis films" were released to support the aims of the
Socialist Education Movement, and the film version of
673:
781:
Thus, the goal of the socialist education movement was to "purify politics, purify economics, purify the organization, and purify thought" in opposition to revisionism. Mao sought to make
1131:
Doyon, Jérôme; Yang, Long (2024). "Shades of Red: Changing
Understandings of Political Loyalty in the Chinese Communist Party, 1921-2021". In Doyon, Jérôme; Froissart, Chloé (eds.).
1517:
480:
400:
300:
181:
53:
592:
43:
666:
1492:
659:
785:
closer to the people and to increase revolutionary consciousness among younger people who had grown up after the founding of the People's
Republic of China.
1472:
574:
871:
970:
2162:
2000:
70:
1160:
Baum, Richard (1969). "Revolution and
Reaction in the Chinese Countryside: The Socialist Education Movement in Cultural Revolutionary Perspective".
2083:
877:
2182:
850:
1313:
1371:
349:
1333:
613:
34:
1803:
782:
287:
80:
1948:
417:
859:
Some
Chinese sources state that the Socialist Education Movement resulted in 77,560 deaths, with 5,327,350 people being persecuted.
487:
245:
95:
2157:
1867:
1565:
422:
377:
17:
862:
A positive outcome of the campaign was that urban youth gained greater experience with the conditions of life in rural China.
1775:
1033:
382:
562:
255:
168:
2066:
1958:
569:
277:
163:
2172:
1502:
85:
1364:
1144:
1115:
1081:
988:
927:
916:
Everyday Lives in China's Cold War
Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964-1988
542:
387:
282:
215:
1912:
1442:
1414:
887:
557:
317:
198:
143:
2010:
1796:
774:, a process which required socialist education. The second level was struggle within the Party itself to address
547:
532:
208:
2035:
1995:
1477:
729:
699:
250:
2045:
1907:
1782:
1288:
721:
691:
265:
994:
2136:
1862:
1852:
1357:
793:
90:
60:
2167:
407:
882:
805:
Approximately 3.5 million officials and students were sent into rural China to implement the movement.
462:
1990:
1447:
1309:
1107:
537:
427:
362:
354:
1022:
Revolution and its narratives : China's socialist literary and cultural imaginaries (1949-1966)
2040:
1832:
1768:
1578:
1512:
517:
492:
467:
327:
260:
138:
110:
980:
1968:
1560:
1527:
1522:
1497:
1462:
755:
502:
432:
307:
1980:
1394:
948:
831:
789:
367:
203:
115:
2177:
1922:
1588:
1025:
818:
771:
552:
332:
1877:
1847:
1706:
1399:
827:
579:
442:
133:
65:
220:
8:
2187:
1927:
1887:
1789:
1380:
843:
770:
focused on two distinct dimensions. One level was class struggle within society to avoid
602:
312:
232:
227:
158:
153:
2103:
2078:
1917:
1671:
1424:
1404:
1264:
1236:
1193:
1185:
919:
892:
628:
623:
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128:
100:
2093:
1953:
1897:
1507:
1487:
1409:
1283:
1268:
1256:
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1140:
1111:
1077:
1039:
1029:
984:
923:
633:
344:
337:
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1857:
1837:
1810:
1593:
1573:
1555:
1248:
1169:
976:
618:
527:
457:
2118:
2113:
2030:
2020:
1973:
1600:
1548:
1104:
Cinematic
Guerillas: Propaganda, Projectionists, and Audiences in Socialist China
809:
507:
372:
193:
2088:
2015:
1985:
1963:
1882:
1842:
1650:
1467:
813:
767:
322:
237:
105:
1173:
2151:
2098:
1892:
1691:
1636:
1457:
1452:
1260:
1211:
1181:
1043:
943:
849:
Following the
Socialist Education Movement, the relationship between Mao and
775:
512:
2025:
1726:
1660:
1641:
649:
497:
188:
758:(CCP), saying that "governance is also a process of socialist education."
754:. Mao sought to remove reactionary elements within the bureaucracy of the
2005:
1902:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1731:
1666:
1655:
1482:
1329:
522:
437:
272:
120:
1237:"Rebellion of the Cadres: The 1967 Implosion of the Chinese Party-State"
2071:
1943:
1736:
1721:
1701:
1645:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1543:
853:
747:
412:
75:
1349:
1189:
1827:
1716:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1136:
842:
The
Socialist Education Movement is regarded as the precursor of the
447:
788:
He described the movement as "lifting the lid" on class struggle in
778:
and the fear that Party bureaucrats might become a new bourgeoisie.
2006:
Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
1711:
1631:
1252:
969:
MacFarquhar, Roderick (1997). "The Socialist Education Movement".
1681:
2061:
1518:
Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend
737:
707:
751:
452:
1074:
China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future
822:
was re-released to coincide with the campaign as well.
808:
In rural China, mobile film projectionist units showed
856:, Chairman Mao's potential successor, deteriorated.
1133:The Chinese Communist Party: a 100-Year Trajectory
2001:Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group
830:or those who had been criticized during the 1957
2149:
2084:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
878:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
872:Thought reform in the People's Republic of China
1024:. Rebecca E. Karl, Xueping Zhong, 钟雪萍. Durham:
716:, abbreviated 社教运动 or 社教運動), also known as the
35:History of the People's Republic of China
1365:
975:. Oxford University Press. pp. 334–348.
667:
1804:Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits
968:
288:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
81:Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries
1372:
1358:
674:
660:
1130:
981:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192149978.001.0001
27:Chinese reform movement led by Mao Zedong
2163:Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
2109:3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee
1379:
1071:
746:) was a 1963–1965 movement launched by
96:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
14:
2150:
1234:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
972:The Origins of the Cultural Revolution
913:
2183:Persecution of intellectuals in China
1353:
1019:
1328:
1308:
1159:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1015:
1013:
1011:
909:
907:
563:2020 Hong Kong national security law
256:Campaign against spiritual pollution
1050:
278:1986 Chinese student demonstrations
24:
1503:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
1336:(in Chinese). Modern China Studies
1281:
1124:
1101:
914:Xu, Youwei; Wang, Y. Yvon (2022).
423:South–North Water Transfer Project
350:US bombing of the Belgrade embassy
246:Strike Hard Against Crime Campaign
86:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
25:
2199:
1212:"People's Republic of China: III"
1090:
1008:
944:"People's Republic of China: III"
904:
388:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
383:Forum on China–Africa Cooperation
283:Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration
2132:
2131:
2067:Mao Zedong's cult of personality
1913:Learn from Dazhai in agriculture
1443:Down to the Countryside Movement
1415:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
1235:Walder, Andrew G. (2016-01-01).
888:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
766:During the 1960s, Mao's view of
643:
199:1978 Truth Criterion Controversy
144:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
42:
1797:Six Articles of Public Security
1322:
1302:
1275:
1228:
812:and slideshows that emphasized
548:China International Import Expo
2036:Worker-Peasant-Soldier student
1996:Central Case Examination Group
1478:One Strike-Three Anti Campaign
1204:
1153:
962:
936:
742:
733:
725:
712:
703:
695:
251:Sino-British Joint Declaration
13:
1:
2158:Political repression in China
2046:Xiang River Storm and Thunder
1908:Learn from Daqing in industry
1783:Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
898:
543:China–United States trade war
216:China–United States relations
1863:Continuous Revolution Theory
1853:Cow demons and snake spirits
1776:Quotations from Chairman Mao
1420:Socialist Education Movement
1284:"杨尚昆谈"四清"运动：毛泽东刘少奇之间的裂痕由此产生"
1076:. New York, NY: 1804 Books.
837:
688:Socialist Education Movement
558:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
149:Socialist Education Movement
7:
865:
796:working against socialism.
794:ox-demons and snake-spirits
10:
2204:
883:List of massacres in China
752:People's Republic of China
713:Shèhuìzhǔyì Jiàoyù Yùndòng
2173:Cold War history of China
2127:
2054:
1991:Cultural Revolution Group
1936:
1820:
1760:
1609:
1536:
1448:Cleansing the Class Ranks
1435:
1387:
1282:Su, Weimin (2015-07-23).
1174:10.1017/S0305741000049158
1108:Columbia University Press
799:
538:Xinjiang internment camps
513:Meeting with Ma Ying-Jeou
363:China Western Development
355:Persecution of Falun Gong
2041:May Seventh Cadre School
1833:Newborn socialist things
1769:Bombard the Headquarters
1579:Shaoyang County Massacre
1513:1975 Banqiao Dam failure
761:
518:2016 G20 Hangzhou summit
493:Belt and Road Initiative
488:Anti-corruption campaign
328:One country, two systems
261:Bourgeois liberalization
139:Two Bombs, One Satellite
111:Hundred Flowers Campaign
2011:Revolutionary committee
1561:Inner Mongolia incident
1528:1976 Tiananmen Incident
1498:Black Painting incident
1463:February Countercurrent
1020:Cai, Xiang; 蔡翔 (2016).
756:Chinese Communist Party
438:Three Links with Taiwan
433:2008 Sichuan earthquake
408:2002–2004 SARS outbreak
308:Shanghai Stock Exchange
1981:May Sixteenth elements
1395:Anti-Rightist Campaign
1334:"被掩藏的历史：刘少奇对"文革"的独特贡献"
1216:University of Maryland
949:University of Maryland
832:Anti-Rightist Campaign
783:Communist Party cadres
718:Four Cleanups Movement
575:2020–2021 reform spree
533:Persecution of Uyghurs
463:West–East Gas Pipeline
368:Hainan Island incident
209:Special economic zones
204:Reforms and Opening Up
116:Anti-Rightist Campaign
18:Four Cleanups Movement
2016:8341 Special Regiment
1923:Five Black Categories
1589:Zhao Jianmin Spy Case
1523:1976 Nanjing incident
1072:Hammond, Ken (2023).
1026:Duke University Press
819:The White-Haired Girl
428:Qinghai–Tibet railway
333:Handover of Hong Kong
1949:Conservative Faction
1878:One Divides into Two
1848:Big-character poster
1400:Great Chinese Famine
580:2022 Winter Olympics
481:2012–present: Xi era
443:2008 Summer Olympics
378:Accession to the WTO
318:Deng's southern tour
301:1989–2002: Jiang era
134:Great Chinese Famine
91:First five-year plan
66:Land Reform Movement
1928:Five Red Categories
1790:May 16 Notification
1493:10th Party Congress
1381:Cultural Revolution
1318:(in Chinese). 天地图书.
1162:The China Quarterly
844:Cultural Revolution
730:traditional Chinese
700:traditional Chinese
313:Pudong New District
233:Sino-Vietnamese War
228:Four Modernizations
182:1976–1989: Deng era
169:Richard Nixon visit
159:Cultural Revolution
2168:Maoist terminology
2104:Morning Sun (film)
2079:Great Leap Forward
1969:Ultra-Left Faction
1918:Stinking Old Ninth
1566:Guangdong Massacre
1473:9th Party Congress
1425:Taoyuan Experience
1405:Great Leap Forward
920:Palgrave MacMillan
893:Taoyuan Experience
722:simplified Chinese
692:simplified Chinese
418:Visit of Lien Chan
129:Great Leap Forward
101:Bandung Conference
54:1949–1976: Mao era
2145:
2144:
2094:Sino-Soviet split
1954:Little Red Guards
1898:Capitalist roader
1888:Eight model plays
1585:Yunnan Massacres
1508:Hangzhou incident
1488:Lin Biao incident
1410:Lushan Conference
1241:The China Journal
1035:978-0-8223-7461-9
851:Chinese President
792:and exposing the
684:
683:
570:COVID-19 pandemic
401:2002–2012: Hu era
338:Handover of Macau
221:Three Communiqués
164:UN representation
16:(Redirected from
2195:
2135:
2134:
1873:Violent Struggle
1868:Seizure of power
1858:Bloodline theory
1838:Struggle session
1811:On Class Origins
1594:Shadian incident
1574:Daoxian massacre
1570:Hunan Massacres
1556:Guangxi Massacre
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1102:Li, Jie (2023).
1099:
1088:
1087:
1069:
1048:
1047:
1017:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
993:. Archived from
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
940:
934:
933:
911:
744:
735:
727:
714:
705:
697:
676:
669:
662:
650:China portal
648:
647:
646:
528:9th BRICS summit
458:Three Gorges Dam
46:
37:
30:
29:
21:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2123:
2119:Scar literature
2114:Boluan Fanzheng
2050:
2031:Barefoot doctor
2021:Sent-down youth
1974:Xiaoyao Faction
1932:
1816:
1756:
1605:
1601:Ruijin Massacre
1549:Daxing Massacre
1532:
1431:
1383:
1378:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1323:
1315:天地翻覆: 中国文化大革命历史
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1100:
1091:
1084:
1070:
1051:
1036:
1028:. p. 358.
1018:
1009:
1000:
998:
991:
967:
963:
954:
952:
942:
941:
937:
930:
922:. p. 361.
912:
905:
901:
868:
840:
802:
764:
680:
644:
642:
585:
584:
508:APEC China 2014
483:
473:
472:
468:High-speed rail
403:
393:
392:
373:APEC China 2001
359:
303:
293:
292:
242:
194:Boluan Fanzheng
184:
174:
173:
125:
56:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
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2165:
2160:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Class struggle
2086:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2055:Related topics
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Five Man Group
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:Scarlet Guards
1961:
1956:
1951:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1883:Democracy Wall
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Feudal fascism
1840:
1835:
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1651:Zhang Chunqiao
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1468:Wuhan incident
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1389:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1347:
1346:
1321:
1312:(2017-07-04).
1301:
1274:
1253:10.1086/683125
1227:
1203:
1168:(38): 92–119.
1152:
1145:
1123:
1116:
1089:
1082:
1049:
1034:
1007:
989:
961:
935:
928:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
867:
864:
839:
836:
814:class struggle
801:
798:
768:class struggle
763:
760:
743:Sìqīng Yùndòng
682:
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671:
664:
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503:Supercomputing
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323:1992 consensus
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238:Beijing Spring
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106:Sufan movement
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2110:
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2100:
2099:Two Whatevers
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2037:
2034:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
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1661:Wang Hongwen
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1436:Major events
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71:Proclamation
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1747:Hua Guofeng
1742:Mao Yuanxin
1732:Chen Zaidao
1667:Peng Dehuai
1656:Yao Wenyuan
1610:Key figures
1483:Project 571
874:, 1951–1952
790:rural China
772:revisionism
345:1998 floods
273:863 Program
154:Third Front
121:Canton Fair
2188:Liu Shaoqi
2152:Categories
2072:Mango cult
1944:Red Guards
1737:Kang Sheng
1722:Qiu Huizuo
1702:Ji Dengkui
1646:Jiang Qing
1627:Zhou Enlai
1622:Liu Shaoqi
1617:Mao Zedong
1544:Red August
1340:2020-01-31
1295:2020-06-23
1221:2020-02-17
1001:2014-06-13
955:2021-01-08
899:References
854:Liu Shaoqi
748:Mao Zedong
413:Shenzhou 5
266:Opposition
76:Korean War
61:Revolution
1828:Four Olds
1761:Documents
1717:Wu Faxian
1697:Xie Fuzhi
1687:Chen Boda
1677:Peng Zhen
1537:Massacres
1289:The Paper
1269:146977237
1261:1324-9347
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1182:0305-7410
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838:Aftermath
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1712:Qi Benyu
1632:Lin Biao
1332:(2006).
866:See also
704:社會主義教育運動
696:社会主义教育运动
634:Politics
603:Shanghai
523:Xiong'an
1707:Wang Li
1682:Tao Zhu
1388:Prelude
1247:: 109.
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614:Culture
598:Beijing
2062:Maoism
1937:Groups
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762:Goals
453:BRICS
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734:四清運動
726:四清运动
686:The
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