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353:. Several casemates were transformed into jails to hold prisoners before execution or deportation. During the Franco-Prussian War, the Fort de Bicêtre and the other southern Paris forts were shelled by the Prussians. In early 1871 the French government capitulated and the Prussians occupied the fortifications of Paris. Bicêtre was occupied by the Prussian 6th Corps from 29 January to 20 March 1871. As the Prussians began to withdraw in March, the Paris Commune uprising took place, occupying several southern forts including Bicêtre. After bloody attacks by French government forces, the
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308:. In 1859-60 a separate infirmary was constructed to free space for married officers. The barracks was a four-story building, accommodating about seven hundred men. The roof was a terrace, less prone to fire than a roof, and offering a firing platform under combat. The ground floor housed the mess halls and non-commissioned officers' quarters. A separate kitchen was later built to expand the barracks. Only one well remains of the barracks, which have been replaced by more modern buildings.
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296:. The rectangular magazines are constructed of stone with wall thicknesses of over two meters, with a blast wall at the main door to limit damage in the event of an explosion. The interior of the magazines has two levels, with wooden floors, fastened with wood pegs or bronze nails to avoid inadvertent sparks. The top of the magazine was protected by a lightning conductor.
367:. The Germans built three concrete blockhouses, a subterranean hospital and a water reservoir. The hospital totaled 80 square metres (860 sq ft) in area under 2 metres (6.6 ft) of earth and 1-metre (3.3 ft) of concrete. The facility also sheltered a command port. The reservoir was used in the 1960s as a swimming pool.
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in two groups of fifteen, one located between bastions 2 and 3, and the other between 3 and 4. The casemates measure 20 metres (66 ft) by 6 metres (20 ft), on a vaulted platform covered with earth. Three mortars for close defense were located on the south side. Each casemate protected a
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In the 1840s, prime minister
Adolphe Thiers proposed that Paris be transformed into a fortified city. The Thiers plan envisioned a wall around the city, reinforced by a ring of forts in the city's suburbs. Built between 1841 and 1845, the Fort de Bicêtre was one of seventeen bastioned forts.
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Fournier, with an armament of 86 artillery pieces. Like many locations around Paris, the ground under the fort had been tunneled and quarried for stone. These quarries were sealed or fortified. Like all of the detached forts, the Fort de Bicêtre was composed of an enclosing masonry wall with
240:, the ring of Thiers fortifications was reinforced by a second ring of forts, reflecting the increased range of artillery during the intervening years. The Fort de Bicêtre was not modernized at this time, since it was considered too close to Paris to be useful.
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The forts were cited in advance of the city walls to keep an enemy out of artillery range of the capital. As a result of shortages of money, manpower and materièl, some of the forts' armament and personnel were drawn from the Navy.
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From 1946, the fort was transformed into a military radio communications facility manned by the 1st
Battalion of the 8th Transmissions Regiment. From 1949 the Munitions Service (ERGM) moved to Bicêtre from Versailles and the
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The magazines, located in the bastions flanking the entrance and on the fort's surface amount to 142 square metres (1,530 sq ft) in area, holding fifty tons of
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the fort remained a military post, successively accommodating an artillery unit, a Marine infantry battalion, and from 1946 a military radio facility.
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The fort is entered by a large gate with flanking guardhouses. A counterweighted
Poncelet drawbridge originally spanned the ditch.
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Since it is still used by the
Ministry of Defense, the fort is closed to the public. However, tours are organized for
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408:(DCT/DCTSI/DCTEI) arrived. In 1994 CSST2 amalgamated with CSST1 in Suresnes and CSST3 in Toulouse to become the
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Centre d’Études et de Réalisation des Systèmes d’Information de l’Armée de Terre, Bureau
Architecture Études
272:. With an area of 25 hectares (62 acres), the fort is pentagonal in shape, enclosed by a wall, ditch and
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Located behind the barracks and officers' quarters, the latrines were served by an aqueduct system.
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During the Second World War, the
Germans occupied the fort, a strategic point on the road to
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Direction interarmées des réseaux d'infrastructure et des systèmes d'information
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fortifications of Paris, built under a program of defensive works initiated by
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416:(CERSIAT/BAE) was created to manage Army information technology. In 1997 the
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German post card showing the fortifications of Paris including Fort de Bicêtre
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battlements and interior earth embankments, and was surrounded by a cleared
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is a military structure built between 1841 and 1845 during the reign of
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Direction des
Transmissions d’Infrastructure/Administration Centrale
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The officers' quarters are joined with the troop barracks along the
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From 1940 to 1944 the fort was occupied by German troops. After
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At present, the casemates have been renovated as office space.
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396:(CCF/Nord) moved to Bicêtre from Mont Valérien. In 1991 the
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during a time of tension between France and
England, in the
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Des fortifs au périf – J.-L. Cohen et A. Lortie (1992)
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In 1851 the Fort de Bicêtre was a prison for plotters in a
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Système d’Information des
Formations de l’Armée de Terre
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Centre
National de Soutien Spécialisé des Transmissions
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Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries
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In 1914 the fort was again manned by naval personnel.
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The Fort de Bicêtre was initially commanded by naval
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Etablissement Régional du Matériel des Transmissions
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Histoire du Kremlin-Bicêtre: l'identité d'une ville
423:From July 2003 the units were reorganized into the
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402:Centre de Soutien Spécialisé des Transmissions 2
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388:(CST Nord). In 1979 the fort acquired the
228:in 1871, the fort was briefly occupied by
380:was moved there from 1967. From 1968 the
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427:(DIRISI) under the Ministry of Defense.
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478:(in French). Ville du Kremlin-Bicêtre
406:Direction Centrale des Transmissions
341:Construction to the Second World War
316:The Fort de Bicêtre features thirty
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525:, Ville du Kremlin-Bicêtre (1997)
400:arrived at the fort, becoming the
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394:Centre de Contrôle des Fréquences
548:at the Ville du Kremlin-Bicêtre
500:(in French). Ministry of Defense
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238:Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières
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300:Officers' quarters and barracks
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26:Thiers fortifications of Paris
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412:(CNSST). In 1996 the
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476:"Le fort de Bicêtre"
280:Entry and drawbridge
265:Capitaine de Frégate
109:48.80558°N 2.35498°E
219:French coup of 1851
141:Ministry of Defense
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546:Le fort de Bicêtre
420:(SIFAT) appeared.
384:(EAMT) became the
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550:(in French)
498:"La DIRISI"
347:coup d'état
251:Description
232:during the
211:Thiers Wall
112: /
88:Coordinates
559:Categories
504:21 October
482:21 October
455:References
355:communards
230:communards
205:suburb of
97:48°48′20″N
318:casemates
312:Casemates
288:Magazines
226:Prussians
154:Condition
100:2°21′18″E
443:See also
349:against
328:Latrines
24:Part of
336:History
172: (
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270:glacis
149:France
38:France
203:Paris
167:Built
138:Owner
527:ISBN
506:2010
484:2010
193:The
174:1841
170:1841
128:Fort
125:Type
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463:^
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