464:, an independent Bhutanese research centre, in 2002 issued a paper (henceforth the "CBS document") that is the only readily available account from Bhutan of the historical development of the national flag. The document draws heavily on first-hand accounts obtained through interviews with individuals personally involved in the creation and modification of the flag in Bhutan, from the late 1940s until the adoption of the current flag around 1970. This report is therefore a significant primary source for information about the history of the Bhutanese flag. But in the description of the flag from 1949, the document is not in complete accord with photos of the flag (as discussed below), making it difficult to interpret some of the document's assertions. As a record, however, of the few primary sources remaining – namely, the people involved in the flag's history and the handful of existing government records – it represents a valuable source of information about the otherwise poorly documented evolution of the Bhutanese flag.
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document describes the dragon as "facing the fly end", while the dragon visible in the photos faces the hoist. The dragon is described as "parallel to the fly" (meaning, according to a diagram in the document, parallel to the length along the bottom edge of the flag), while the dragon in the photos appears to have a slightly rising vertical slant. The dragon is described as "green", but the shade in the photos, if indeed green, must be very pale.
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452:(Bhutan) and evokes the strength of the sacred bond between sovereign and people. The dragon's white colour signifies the purity of inner thoughts and deeds that unite all the ethnically and linguistically diverse peoples of Bhutan. The jewels held in Druk's claws represent Bhutan's wealth and the security and protection of its people, while the dragon's snarling mouth symbolizes Bhutanese deities' commitment to the defense of Bhutan.
33:
623:, no other flags must be placed higher than the Bhutanese flag, the flag cannot be used as a cover or drape (with some exceptions) and the flag must not touch the ground. Other provisions include prohibitions on including the design in other objects or in a logo. Exceptionally, the flag may be used to drape coffins, but only those of high-ranking state officials such as ministers or military personnel.
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Officials above the rank of minister are allowed to fly the flag at their residence provided they do not live near the capital. The tradition of flying the national flag in front of government offices had not existed in Bhutan prior to 1968 but was decreed standard practice by the Druk Gyalpo after
543:
to eastern Bhutan. During the trip, the Druk Gyalpo's
Secretariat began to use flags of a new design based upon a photograph of the first national flag of 1949, with the colour of the dragon changed from green to white. The retinue of the Druk Gyalpo included a convoy consisting of over one hundred
523:
According to the CBS document, the original
Bhutanese flag was a bicolour square flag divided diagonally from the lower hoist to the upper fly. The field of yellow extended from the hoist to the upper fly, and the red field extended from the fly end to the lower hoist. In the centre of the flag, at
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In another change, the dragon, which had formerly been placed in a roughly horizontal position in the centre of the flag, was repositioned to spread out over the diagonal dividing line between the background colours. This change sought to avoid having the dragon "face the earth" when the flag was
618:
approved
Resolution 28, bringing into effect National Flag Rules drafted by the Cabinet. The rules have eight provisions covering the description and symbolism of the flag's colouring, fields and design elements. Other rules relate to the size of the flag as well as flag protocol including the
527:
However, the CBS document does not illustrate the early versions of the flag and its description of the 1949 flag is not entirely consistent with the photos surviving from 1949. It describes the flag as "square", while the proportions of the flag in the photographs appear closer to 4:5. The
564:
Shingkhar Lam, former
Secretary to His Majesty King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck and Sixth Speaker of the National Assembly (1971–74), was requested by the king to make several modifications to the flag; he is responsible for its current design, which has remained unchanged since 1969. The king was
246:, or jewel, in each of its claws. The background colours of the flag, yellow and orange, are identified as Pantone 116 and 165 respectively. Equivalents of these shades and the white of the Druk are specified by various other codes according to particular matching systems as indicated below.
239:
The current flag is divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with the upper triangle yellow and the lower triangle orange. Centred along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side. The dragon is holding a
96:
Divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner to the upper fly-side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange, with a white dragon holding four jewels in its claws centred along the dividing line and facing away from the
1006:) supplies the following caption for this photo: "The India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty of 1949 is the basis of close ties between Bhutan and India. It was signed at the government house in Darjeeling in 1949. (Image: Queen Grandmother of Bhutan)."
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schools. The dragon spreads equally over the line between the colours. Its placement in the centre of the flag over the dividing line between the flag's two colours signifies the equal importance of both civic and monastic traditions in the
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ponies; a small version of the flag was placed on the saddle of every tenth pony, and a large flag approximately 6 square feet (0.56 m) in size was flown in the camp every evening, hoisted to the sound of a bugle.
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in 1947. Lharip Taw Taw, one of the few painters available to the royal court at the time, is said to have embroidered the flag. Druk was coloured green in accordance with traditional and religious references to
217:
to eastern Bhutan; it was based upon photos of its 1949 predecessor and featured a white Druk in place of the green original. The
Bhutanese subsequently redesigned their flag to match the measurements of the
573:
hanging limp. Bhutanese artist
Kilkhor Lopen Jada painted a new design for the druk in which the curves of the dragon's body are relaxed to create a somewhat longer and more gently undulating shape.
492:. While the document does not provide an illustration of the original design, black-and-white photographs taken at this historic event provide images of the first Bhutanese flag at the ceremony.
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appropriate places and occasions for flying the flag and who may display the flag on cars. In general, the flag is given as much respect as the
Bhutanese state and the head of state. As in the
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displayed on the visit of an Indian official to the country. The standard measurements of the flag of Bhutan were thereafter altered to resemble the flag of India, which was 9 feet by 6 feet.
512:), or "turquoise druk". Today, a modern reproduction of this historic original (with several significant changes influenced by the modern flag) is displayed behind the throne in the
222:, which they believed fluttered better than their own. Other modifications such as changing the red background colour to orange led to the current design, in use since 1969. The
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The Legal
Provisions of the National Flag of the Kingdom of Palden Drukpa as Endorsed in Resolution 28 of the 36th Session of the National Assembly held on 8 June 1972
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codified a code of conduct in 1972 to formalize the flag's design and establish protocol regarding acceptable flag sizes and conditions for flying the flag.
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will hoist the national flag. Where there are no dzongkhag, the national flag will be hoisted in front of the office of the main government officer".
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The dimensions of the flag must maintain a 3:2 ratio. The following sizes have been declared standard by the
Government of Bhutan:
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The CBS document states that the king ordered the colour of the lower half changed from red to orange "sometime in 1968 or 69."
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prescribed in the 1972 rules is
National Day, which is held annually on 17 December. National Day commemorates the crowning of
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The Bhutanese flag was flown abroad beside another nation's flag for the first time in 1961 during a state visit to India by
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the convergence of the yellow and red fields, is a green Druk, located parallel to the bottom edge and facing the fly.
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Western flag books until after 1970 generally show the Bhutanese flag closely resembling the 1949 photos.
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The second version of the national flag was developed in 1956 for the visit of the third Druk Gyalpo
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reportedly dissatisfied that the early square Bhutanese flags did not flutter like the rectangular
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The Origin and Description of The National Flag and National Anthem of The Kingdom of Bhutan
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This illustration of the first national flag of Bhutan, used in 1949 at the signing of the
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of 2008, the yellow signifies civil tradition and temporal authority as embodied in the
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Proceedings and Resolutions of the National Assembly from 31st to 50th sessions, Vol. 2
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The CBS document states that the first national flag was designed upon the request of
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137:, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of
191:(འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, 'brug yul, lit. "Dragon Country" or "Dragon Kingdom") – as well as the
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Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives
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583:. This visit inaugurated a new level of relations between the two countries.
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9 in × 6 in (23 cm × 15 cm), for car flags.
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845:"First Schedule – The National Flag and the National Emblem of Bhutan".
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911:"First Schedule – The National Flag and the National Emblem of Bhutan"
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dates to 1947. A version was displayed in 1949 at the signing of the
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Variant of the Flag of Bhutan with a differently rendered dragon
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888:. Department of Information Technology. 2008. Archived from
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21 ft × 14 ft (6.4 m × 4.3 m)
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210:. A second version was introduced in 1956 for the visit of
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12 ft × 8 ft (3.7 m × 2.4 m)
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3 ft × 2 ft (0.9 m × 0.6 m)
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6 ft × 4 ft (1.8 m × 1.2 m)
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967:"Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty, 8th of August, 1949"
634:his Secretariat was moved from the city of Taba to
1105:
995:"In pictures: Rare images of Bhutan go on display"
1122:
725:. William Crampton Flag Institute. 1 August 1994.
697:. National Portal of Bhutan. 2004. Archived from
646:as the first king of Bhutan on 17 December 1907.
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854:. constitution.bt. July 18, 2008. Archived from
603:The flag of Bhutan figures on the livery of the
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797:Penjore, Dorji; Kinga, Sonam (November 2002).
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199:, which is the dominant religion of Bhutan.
983:. New Delhi: National Gallery of Modern Art
969:. New Delhi: National Gallery of Modern Art
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978:) was displayed in 2009 in the exhibition
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748:"The National Flag Rules of Bhutan (1972)"
462:Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research
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848:The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan
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626:The 1972 rules also provide that "every
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1187:
1089:Gordon Campbell and I.O. Evans (1965).
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183:. This alludes to the Dzongkha name of
2301:
1221:National Assembly Secretariat (1999).
1046:"First national flag designed in 1949"
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495:The design of the flag is credited to
439:spiritual tradition, particularly the
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1052:. Kuensel Corporation. Archived from
992:BBC coverage of this exhibition (see
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915:Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan
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595:A large Bhutanese flag being lowered
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1225:. Government of Bhutan. p. 97.
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435:(scarf). The orange half signifies
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202:The basic design of the flag by
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1797:Second Battle of Simtokha Dzong
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179:, the Bhutanese language) from
1580:British Indian Ocean Territory
1167:. Gramercy Books. p. 46.
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1:
1165:The Illustrated Flag Handbook
1140:The Hero With a Thousand Eyes
1104:E. M. C. Barraclough (1965).
1019:. Bhutan 2008. Archived from
808:The Centre for Bhutan Studies
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560:Beginning in the late 1950s,
1076:The Observer's Book of Flags
1044:Gyeltshen, Tshering (2002).
399:
360:
344:
328:
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7:
2334:Flags of indigenous peoples
981:"Bhutan: An Eye to History"
649:
616:National Assembly of Bhutan
224:National Assembly of Bhutan
80:; 55 years ago
10:
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2319:National symbols of Bhutan
1194:. Routledge. p. 142.
1163:Costantino, Maria (2001).
1142:. Karma Ura. p. 232.
1123:Karl-Heinz Hesmer (1975).
671:National symbols of Bhutan
497:Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorji
468:First national flag (1949)
253:Bhutanese flags in Thimphu
204:Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorji
163:national symbols of Bhutan
106:Mayum Choying Wangmo Dorji
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666:National anthem of Bhutan
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2339:Flags displaying animals
2309:Flags introduced in 1969
1329:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
661:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1590:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1017:"Indo-Bhutanese Treaty"
723:Specification Sheet 007
638:in that year. The only
621:United States Flag Code
1707:National coats of arms
917:. 2008. Archived from
753:. 1972. Archived from
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514:National Assembly Hall
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165:. The flag features a
127:This article contains
1925:(electoral precincts)
1802:Bhutan War (Duar War)
1719:Dependent territories
1693:Dependent territories
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581:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
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230:Current national flag
215:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
1504:United Arab Emirates
1188:Warikoo, K. (2008).
1125:Flaggen Wappen Daten
614:On 8 June 1972, the
541:Jigme Dorji Wangchuk
1807:Operation All Clear
1737:Heraldry portal
1531:limited recognition
1138:Ura, Karma (1995).
1074:I.O. Evans (1963).
181:Bhutanese mythology
23:
2102:Telecommunications
1108:Flags of the World
946:on 16 October 2011
940:"About the Center"
886:"National Symbols"
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548:Changes after 1956
490:Indo-Bhutan Treaty
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478:Indo-Bhutan Treaty
456:Historic evolution
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139:Tibetan characters
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2041:National Assembly
1999:Foreign relations
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1573:other territories
1201:978-0-415-46839-8
1091:The Book of Flags
997:. BBC. 2010-02-14
810:. pp. 1−43.
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347:HTML Hexadecimals
159:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་རྒྱལ་དར
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535:Changes in 1956
510:གཡུ་འབྲུག་སྔོནམ
502:yu druk ngon ma
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151:flag of Bhutan
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363:HTML Decimals
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46:National flag
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25:
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16:National flag
2279:Bibliography
2208:Demographics
2167:
2143:Architecture
2004:Human rights
1989:Constitution
1953:
1943:
1930:
1921:
1908:Subdivisions
1569:Dependencies
1499:Turkmenistan
1464:Saudi Arabia
1303:
1222:
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1190:
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1054:the original
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1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1011:
999:. Retrieved
985:. Retrieved
971:. Retrieved
960:
948:. Retrieved
944:the original
934:
923:. Retrieved
919:the original
914:
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894:. Retrieved
890:the original
863:. Retrieved
856:the original
847:
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762:. Retrieved
755:the original
722:
703:. Retrieved
699:the original
632:
625:
613:
578:
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571:
559:
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459:
441:Drukpa Kagyu
426:
423:Constitution
418:
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378:
373:255.255.255
341:n/a (white)
307:
296:
285:
241:
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201:
188:
170:
150:
145:
126:
18:
2231:Health care
2079:Agriculture
1858:Environment
1628:Asia portal
1529:States with
1449:Philippines
1389:South Korea
1384:North Korea
1279:Afghanistan
806:. Thimphu:
567:Indian flag
428:Druk Gyalpo
367:255.213.32
322:0.60.100.0
212:Druk Gyalpo
2303:Categories
2096:(currency)
2031:Parliament
1932:Dzongkhags
1853:Ecoregions
1509:Uzbekistan
1484:Tajikistan
1399:Kyrgyzstan
1379:Kazakhstan
1299:Bangladesh
1289:Azerbaijan
1207:2010-09-28
1060:2010-10-10
1027:2010-12-22
1001:2010-12-22
987:2010-12-22
973:2010-12-22
925:2010-09-25
896:2010-09-25
865:October 8,
764:2010-09-25
705:2010-09-25
677:References
370:255.78.18
319:0.15.94.0
67:Proportion
2236:Languages
2221:Education
2198:Squatting
2112:Transport
2094:Ngultrum
2084:Companies
1994:Elections
1944:Dungkhags
1937:districts
1878:Mountains
1831:Geography
1595:Hong Kong
1549:Palestine
1474:Sri Lanka
1469:Singapore
1349:Indonesia
628:dzongkhag
400:Symbolism
2288:Category
2241:Religion
2026:Military
1977:Politics
1963:Villages
1898:Wildlife
1868:Glaciers
1781:articles
1698:Timeline
1618:Category
1539:Abkhazia
1489:Thailand
1444:Pakistan
1424:Mongolia
1419:Maldives
1414:Malaysia
1314:Cambodia
824:Archived
650:See also
640:flag day
608:Druk Air
506:Dzongkha
437:Buddhist
357:#FFFFFF
354:#FF4E12
351:#FFCC33
325:0.0.0.0
304:RAL 1000
293:RAL 3000
282:RAL 9000
189:Druk Yul
177:Dzongkha
155:Dzongkha
148:national
2265:Outline
2153:Cuisine
2126:Culture
2107:Tourism
2067:Economy
1922:Chiwogs
1893:Valleys
1848:Climate
1843:Borders
1789:History
1514:Vietnam
1429:Myanmar
1409:Lebanon
1339:Georgia
1294:Bahrain
1284:Armenia
950:3 April
828:WebCite
518:Thimphu
445:Nyingma
331:Pantone
266:Orange
263:Yellow
83: (
75:Adopted
2163:Emblem
2148:Cinema
2138:Anthem
2089:Energy
1954:Gewogs
1916:Cities
1888:Rivers
1779:
1777:Bhutan
1559:Taiwan
1494:Turkey
1459:Russia
1394:Kuwait
1374:Jordan
1364:Israel
1324:Cyprus
1309:Brunei
1304:Bhutan
1198:
1171:
1146:
814:
433:kabney
297:Orange
286:Yellow
269:White
235:Design
185:Bhutan
93:Design
2272:Index
2246:Women
2216:Crime
2193:Sport
2178:Music
2173:Media
1873:Lakes
1600:Macau
1519:Yemen
1479:Syria
1454:Qatar
1434:Nepal
1369:Japan
1344:India
1334:Egypt
1319:China
859:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
758:(PDF)
751:(PDF)
562:Dasho
308:White
243:norbu
97:hoist
2168:Flag
2157:wine
2016:King
2009:LGBT
1672:and
1439:Oman
1404:Laos
1359:Iraq
1354:Iran
1196:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1144:ISBN
952:2012
867:2010
812:ISBN
460:The
443:and
338:165
335:116
315:CMYK
172:druk
146:The
85:1969
78:1969
1571:and
826:at
516:in
275:RAL
195:of
175:in
70:2:3
41:Use
2305::
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875:^
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