Flag desecration - Knowledge

1555: 3695: 7469: 341: 1878:(StGB)), it is illegal to revile or damage the German federal flag as well as any flags of its states in public. Offenders can be fined or sentenced to a maximum of three years in prison, or fined or sentenced to a maximum of five years in prison if the act was intentionally used to support the eradication of the Federal Republic of Germany or to violate constitutional rights. Actual convictions because of a violation of the criminal code need to be balanced against the constitutional right of the freedom of expression, as ruled multiple times by Germany's constitutional court. 3123: 1073: 198: 2205: 3328: 2712:, "Who publicly, by means of words, gestures or print publication, or by other means of public communication, insults the Republic, the Flag or the National Anthem, the coats of arms or the symbols of Portuguese sovereignty, or fails to show the respect they are entitled to, shall be punished with up to two years' imprisonment or a fine of up to 240 days". In the case of the regional symbols, the person shall be punished with up to one year's imprisonment or a fine of up to 120 days (fines are calculated based on the defendant's income). 1090: 301: 2275: 238: 1437:, punished with a fine of one to four times the highest reference value active in the country, doubled in repeated infringement cases. In the Brazilian Armed Forces' Military Penal Code, article 161, a soldier, airman or seaman who disrespects any national symbol is punished with one to two years' detention; officers may be declared unsuitable for their rank. In other words, the desecration of a flag is illegal in Brazil, resulting in up to one month of imprisonment and a fine of up to ten reais as punishment. 1169: 871: 1189: 763: 29: 1013: 969: 783: 708: 667: 3151: 1867: 691: 992: 550: 181: 588: 1589: 729: 420: 284: 1114: 851: 441: 1802:]", or "to prepare or use the Flag without the proper order of its colors and size or its Emblem." While most offenses were punishable by a fine of "3000 birr or rigorous imprisonment up to one year", the first offense, mandating the usage of the emblem, received an increased penalty of "5000 birr or the rigorous imprisonment of up to three years." This replaced the 1996 Flag Proclamation, which had made no mention of offenses or penalties. 1152: 806: 510: 358: 912: 375: 218: 161: 1547: 1135: 608: 831: 746: 496: 952: 479: 397: 321: 1053: 895: 571: 258: 2347:. The flag burner, Shōichi Chibana, burned the national flag not only to show opposition to atrocities committed by the wartime Japanese army and the continued Japanese-requested presence of U.S. forces, but also to prevent it from being displayed in public. Other incidents in Okinawa included the flag being torn down during school ceremonies and students refusing to honor the flag as it was being raised to the sounds of " 932: 458: 628: 1033: 645: 527: 2716:

organization of which Portugal is a member shall be punished with up to one year imprisonment or a fine of up to 120 days." This article applies under two conditions (article 324): that Portugal maintains diplomatic relations with the insulted country, and that there is reciprocity (i.e., that the insulted country would also punish any insult against Portuguese symbols of sovereignty, should they occur there).

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shall be imposed on anyone, who on the territory of the Republic of Poland publicly insults, destroys, damages or removes an emblem, banner, standard, flag, ensign or other symbol of another State, publicly displayed by a mission of this State or upon an order of a Polish authority." Article 138. § 1. "The provisions of Articles 136 and 137 § 2 shall apply, when the foreign country ensures reciprocity."

1936: 2456:(between 2 and 152 USD), or both sanctions. Although punishment is not sought often and are usually not harsh, there are a few instances; for example, in 2008 a federal judge convicted an individual for 'desecrating the flag' in a poem. The ministry that oversees the use of national symbols requested four years in jail, but the judge only issued a small fine and a public warning. 2508:. This meant that his actions were not unlawful because the word dishonour in the Flags, Emblems and Names Protection Act had many shades of meaning, and when the least restrictive meaning of that word was adopted Hopkinson's actions did not meet that standard. This somewhat unusual result was due in part to the fact that the Bill of Rights does not overrule other laws ( 4024:"The objectionable feature of the conduct had very little to do with its political significance. It related to the lighting of a large piece of synthetic material to which petrol had been added in close proximity to larger numbers of people including young children. The circumstances were such as to arouse the apprehension of parents for the safety of their children." 1263:, Coleman was successfully prosecuted for flag burning, not because of its political nature, but because given the size of the flag, the use of petrol as an accelerant, and the fact that it was in an open park area, many members of the public experienced "concern, fright and anger", and in these circumstances flag burning could be considered 2666:(₱5,000.00) not more than twenty thousand pesos (₱20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, That in case the violation is committed by a 2504:. Hopkinson was initially convicted under Flags, Emblems and Names Protection Act 1981 of destroying a New Zealand flag with intent to dishonour it, but appealed his conviction. On appeal, his conviction was overturned on the grounds that the law had to be read consistently with the right to freedom of expression under the 3648:) in 1997, but he opposed any federal prohibition of flag desecration, including his own Flag Desecration Amendment which he proposed only as a protest against proposals by his Congressional colleagues, such as Emerson and Solomon, to ban flag desecration through ordinary legislation instead of by Constitutional Amendment. 3067:

state diplomacy'; if it is the ones of the Republic of China (Taiwan), the offence would be 'disturbing the order'. Besides, insulting or damaging the portrait of Sun Yat-sen is also punishable as 'disturbing the order'. The penalty can be either incarceration for up to one year, or a fine of $ 9,000 NTD or less.

1836:, but also to similar actions during public ceremonies. The amendment initially prohibited such behaviour regardless of the context, but a parliamentary commission later restricted its scope to events organized or regulated by public authorities, which is to be understood, according to the ruling of the 7490: 3005:

In Swedish law, there is no explicit prohibition against burning the flag of any country. The desecration of the national flag was decriminalized in 1971. However, publicly showing a Swedish flag modified with added marks, characters or symbols is forbidden according flag law number 1982:269, and may

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In Singapore, flag desecration is illegal under the statuory of National Symbols Act 2022 and National Symbols Regulations 2023. Under current constitution, using the national symbol (such as Presidential symbols, state crests, national flag, public seals and national flowers) in a derogratory manner

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Social activist Koo Sze-yiu has been convicted several times of flag desecration. He was sentenced to a nine-month prison term in 2013 for the offence. However, the sentence was reduced to four months and two weeks after an appeal. In March 2016, he was sentenced to a six-week prison term for burning

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The Penal Code (Código Penal) on its Article 222 criminalizes the public desecration of the national flag, coat of arms, national anthem, or any provincial symbol, imposing one to four years of imprisonment. In other words, in Argentina, flag desecration is a crime, resulting in a punishment of up to

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Any person who - before the public at large - uses an expression to dishonor or degrade the national anthem, the flag or the coat of arms, or the Holy Crown of Hungary, or commits any other similarly slanderous act is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment not exceeding one year, insofar

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A July 2010 law makes it a crime to desecrate the French national flag in a public place, but also to distribute images of a flag desecration, even when done in a private setting, if the objective is to create trouble in public space. On 22 December 2010, an Algerian national was the first person to

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Article 30 states that, when in the flag is being marched or paraded (for example, when the national anthem is being played), everyone present must take a respectful attitude, standing in silence. Males must remove any head coverings. Military personnel must salute or present arms according to their

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march the following year. However, the RSL was forced to withdraw this invitation as it received phone calls from people threatening to pelt the youth with missiles on the day. The head of the New South Wales RSL was quoted as saying that "the people who made these threats ought to be bloody ashamed

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The Romanian Criminal Code no longer prohibits flag desecration (as it was the case with the previous criminal code). Several laws attempting to reinstate punishments for manifestations which express contempt for the Romanian symbols (according to the constitution, these are the flag, national day,

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between the two nations. During the scuffle a Panamanian flag carried by Panamanian students was torn. This sparked four days of riots that ended with 22 Panamanians and four Americans dead and with Panama breaking diplomatic relations with the United States. This event is considered very important

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As of 2020, it also results in up to three years of imprisonment as punishment for damaging or reviling the flag of any foreign country (§104 StGB). Until then, only flags that were shown publicly by tradition, event, or routinely by representatives of an official foreign entity were protected. The

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Under Articles 118 and 160 of the Criminal Law of the Republic of China (Taiwan), it is a criminal offence to insult either the national flag or the national emblem of any country. If it is a national flag or emblem of a foreign country being insulted, the name of the offence would be 'obstructing

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Article 137. § 1. "Whoever publicly insults, destroys, damages or removes an emblem, banner, standard, flag, ensign or other symbol of the State shall be subject to a fine, the penalty of restriction of liberty or the penalty of deprivation of liberty for up to one year." § 2. "The same punishment

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case, since Johnson had stolen the flag from a Texas bank's flagpole), the offender could be charged with petty larceny (a flag usually sells at retail for less than US$ 20), or with destruction of private property, or possibly both. Desecration of a flag representing a minority group may also be

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policies of the South African government. In one example, Americans opposed to apartheid burned the old South African flag at an anti-apartheid protest in the U.S. state of Massachusetts during the mid-1980s. South Africans opposed to minority rule also burned the (now former) South African flag,

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announced that the Government would be removing the proposed Clause 5 amendment to the Penal Code, which proposed fining or jailing anyone charged with desecrating the Jalur Gemilang or a foreign flag for a term of between five and fifteen years. She clarified that provisions for safeguarding the

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According to French law, a person outraging the French national anthem or the French flag during an event organized or regulated by public authorities is liable to a fine of up to €7,500 and a punishment of up to six months of imprisonment if performing in a gathering. The law targets "outrageous

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has been adopted as a symbol of protest for this and other alleged threats to civil liberties. Demonstrators claim that it is a sign of distress and a call for help. However, government and ruling-party officials insist that these demonstrators are desecrating the flag. An official video sharply

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in 2015. Koo responded that "he is happy to be punished as being jailed is part of the life of an activist, and he would continue to protest against the Beijing and Hong Kong governments and fight for democracy." In January 2021, Koo was again jailed, this time for four months, for displaying an

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did the same on cans of soda. Because of Saudi Arabian objections, the companies stopped producing those items. Also during the FIFA World Cup, in 2002, Saudi Arabian officials protested against printing the flag on a football on the belief that kicking the creed with the foot was unacceptable.

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The Portuguese Penal Code (article 323) also forbids the desecration of foreign symbols: "Who publicly, by means of words, gestures or print publication, or by other means of public communication, insults the official flag or other symbol of sovereignty of a foreign State or of an international

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includes a list of "practices to avoid". This states in part "The National Flag should never be defaced by placing slogans, logos, lettering or pictures of any kind on it, for example at sporting events." A tricolour inscribed "Davy Keogh says hello" waved continually since 1981 has given its

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someone in the crowd cut out the communist coat of arms from the Hungarian flag, leaving a distinctive hole, and others quickly followed suit. The "flag with a hole" became a symbol of the Hungarian resistance. The practice of cutting out the communist coat of arms was also followed by other

1381:. Offenders can be fined or punished with up to six months of imprisonment. Under §317 Strafgesetzbuch desecration of flags of foreign states or international organizations can be punished if Austria maintains diplomatic relations with them or belongs to the respective organization. 3133:

Under the 1983 Turkish flag law, burning the flag is strictly forbidden, resulting in a prison sentence of three years. Displaying or pulling a torn or discolored flag to flagpole is also illegal. Taking down the flag is a crime, which results in a prison sentence of 18 years.

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Article 139 (Disrespect of foreign emblems) Whoever, in the territory of the State, disrespects, in a public place or in a place open or exposed to the public, the flag or any other emblem of a foreign State, shall be punished with six months of imprisonment to three years of

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The Indian Flag Code was often criticized for being too rigid and prevented ordinary citizens from displaying the flag on homes and other buildings. For many years, only government officials and other government buildings could unfurl the flag. That changed in 2001 when

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businessman Lee Kim Yew was reported to have dishonoring the national flag by changing its white stripes to black in an online post. The image, which has since been removed, was uploaded along with a post by Lee highlighting his recent blog entry on the inclusion of

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Pakistan's flag comes under the strict protection of various constitutional clauses. However, the statutes governing the topic consist only of Pakistan Flag Protocols and are unclear as with regards to legal status of the offender and the punishment under the

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The use of the National Symbols (Coat of Arms, Anthem, and National Flag) in Mexico is protected by law. In Mexico, the desecration of the national flag and coat of arms is a crime punishable by six months to four years in prison, or a fine of 50 to 3,000

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as the two are somewhat similar in appearance. In some cases, Ivorian flags displayed in Northern Ireland have signs explicitly labeling them as such displayed nearby to avoid having them desecrated by Ulster loyalists mistaking them for Irish ones.

6585: 3889: 2525:. She was fined NZ$ 500 by the Wellington District Court and her conviction was upheld by the High Court and the Court of Appeal. After Morse's lawyers appealed the conviction on the grounds that she was being punished for expressing ideas, the 2857:(including defacing, dirtying and obstructing some symbols like stars and crescents) also amounts to flag descration, which enforces a stop-work order or a maximum penalty of S$ 30,000 or a six-month imprisonment or both (previously S$ 1,000). 1715:, later pursued notable careers in politics and literature, respectively. In modern Croatia, desecrating any national flag or treating any national flag in a disrespectful manner is a felony. Offenders can face up to one year of imprisonment. 1538:, articles 6 and 7, defines as a crime the public desecration of the national flag, coat of arms, the name of the country or the national anthem, and imposes a period of imprisonment, relegation or estrangement for a period of up to one year. 4737:

considered that the events regulated by public authorities consist in public events of a sportive, recreative or cultural character organized in enclosures that law and regulations submit to health and safety rules because of their size. See

1840:, as events organized by public authorities, mass sport matches and other mass events taking place in enclosures, but not private speech, literary or artistic works, or speech during events not organized or regulated by public authorities. 3741:

Of the states which continue to have laws against flag burning, in spite of them being ruled unconstitutional, five afford this protection to the Virginian battle flag as well: Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina.

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introduced bills making it an offence to desecrate, dishonour, burn, mutilate or destroy the Australian national flag. On each occasion, the bill failed. As of May 2016, the most recent bill which attempted to ban flag burning was the

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flags and coats of arms) results in a monetary penalty or a punishment of up to three years of imprisonment according to the Swiss federal penal code. The destruction or desecration of privately owned flags or coats of arms is legal.

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is the equivalent statute in respect of the Hong Kong flag. Both ordinances ban desecration of the Chinese flag and Hong Kong flag, respectively, through methods including "burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling".

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Violation of the code may invite severe punishments and penalties. The code was written in 2002 and merged the following acts: provisions of the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950 (No.12 of 1950) and the

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as a saddle while mounted on a horse. The country's defence minister said she would face charges that could put her in jail for up to four years for offending patriotic symbols". However, the case was closed in 2010.

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Article 109 imposes up to two years in prison or a fine up to three million South Korean won for damaging, removing, or staining a foreign flag or emblem with intent to insult a foreign country. Article 110 forbids

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Desecration of foreign countries' flags or national coats of arms was previously banned according to the General Civil Penal Code §95. The ban had, however, rarely been practiced, and was eventually lifted in 2008.

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passed Proclamation 654/2009 (The Federal Flag Proclamation), which prohibited firstly amongst 23 other provisions "use the Flag without its Emblem", as well as "to deface the Flag by writing or displaying signs,

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In post-apartheid South Africa there is no law banning flag desecration. The current South African flag designed and adopted in 1994 has been the subject of desecration. In early 1994, white supremacists from the

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states that "the flag, when it is in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem for display (for example, the flag being faded or torn), should be destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning."

5595: 1691:. She received a curfew as well as a criminal record; the act was described as "rash" by magistrate Kelly Shui. Government intervention was on the basis of "(Maliciously) challenging the national sovereignty". 1629: 1621: 1568:

Flag desecration is a crime in China. The penal code provides for up to three years of imprisonment criminal detention, public surveillance, or deprivation of political rights for "whoever desecrates the

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The designers are immune from prosecution as the shoes were made and displayed outside Thailand. Were the offence committed in Thailand, those responsible could face a 2,000 baht fine or a year in jail.

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not for flag desecration but for the destruction of property of the RSL. In October of that year the youth accepted an invitation from the RSL to carry the Australian flag along with war veterans in the

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condemned the action as a "needlessly divisive and violent way to make a political point... Union flag is a symbol and therefore can mean different things to different people in different contexts."

3208:. Police were persuaded by the crowd not to arrest him. A year later, two "committed socialists" threw a burning British flag in the direction of the Queen's motor vehicle. They were arrested for a 1430:

Article 33 states that, except at diplomatic missions such as embassies and consulates, no foreign flag may be flown without a Brazilian flag of the same size in a prominent position alongside it.

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The desecration of the national flag in South Korea by the country's own citizens is rare when compared to analogous instances in other countries as the flag is viewed more along the lines of an

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emblem. He later changed it and placed the flag above the emblem. The flag code was updated in 2005; some new provisions include that the flag cannot be worn under the waist or on undergarments.

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A crucial point of etiquette for the Philippine flag is that flying it upside-down (i.e., red field over blue), or vertically hanging it with the red to the viewer's left, makes it the national

2377:(10,350,000 tenge as of 2023). Additionally, they could be sentenced to up to two years of house arrest or imprisonment and may also be required to perform up to 900 hours of community service. 3476:

was passed, protecting flags from anyone who "mutilates, defaces, physically defiles, burns, maintains on the floor or ground, or tramples upon any flag". This law was later struck down in the

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The Armenian criminal code punishes any insult to the flag (as well as to the coat of arms and the national anthem) with community service of up to two years or imprisonment of up to one year.

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were arrested directly for burning an Israeli flag. This incident was considered serious by the police and others since the youths were suspected in other acts of vandalism and claimed to be

1676:, who regarded them as "cheap patriotic acts". In April 2017 he was charged with flag desecration. He alleged that the arrest was part of a "general cleansing" of dissenting voices ahead of 2048:

Article 66 and 67 of Law No. 24/2009 states that anyone who commits any of these prohibited acts may face up to ten years of imprisonment as punishment or a fine of up to a billion rupiah.

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Section 50 meanwhile declares, "Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than five thousand

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The desecration of the national flag, coat of arms or anthem and international flags, coat of arms or anthems is banned under Articles 178 and 181 in the Criminal Code of North Macedonia.

2415:' swimming trunks, decorated with the Malaysian flag. After three days in custody they were charged with public nuisance and released. The briefs had been made in Australia, not Malaysia. 6253: 3703: 1927:

Under article 188 of Greece's Penal code, flag desecration, along with the desecration of other Greek symbols, is illegal and results in up to two years of imprisonment as punishment.

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In 2010, an Algerian court convicted 18 people of flag desecration and punished them by up to six years of imprisonment and $ 10,000 in fines after protests about jobs and housing.

6586:"African National Congress (ANC) supporters set a South African flag on fire 14 April 1993 during a commemoration service for South African Communist Party (SACP) chief Chris Hani" 4426: 1672:

In October 2016, some miniature Chinese and Hong Kong flags that had been placed by pro-Beijing legislators in the Legislative Council chamber were flipped upside down by lawmaker

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Student activists from University of the Philippines and Ateneo de Manila University burn the flags of China and US to protest against their encroachment of Philippine sovereignty.

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The desecration of any national symbol, including the national flag, is a crime in Bulgaria, resulting in up to two years of imprisonment as punishment and a fine of up to €1,600.

4717:"N° 595 – Rapport de M. Christian Estrosi sur le projet de loi, adopté avec modification par l'Assemblée nationale après déclaration d'urgence, pour la sécurité intérieure (153)" 4383:"HKSAR v. NG KUNG SIU AND ANOTHER – [1999] HKCFA 91; [1999] 2 HKCFAR 442; [1999] 3 HKLRD 907; [2000] 1 HKC 117; FACC000004/1999, 15 December 1999" 2655:

of the Philippines declares that it is a prohibited act "to mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt or commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon

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under the Penal Code (Act 574), Sedition Act 1948 (Act 15) and the Emblems & Names (Prevention of Control of Improper Use) 1963 (Act 193). In October 2013, the Law Minister

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to use the national flag as clothing, a mouth covering, drapery, a tablecloth or napkin, table trim, a podium coating, or as a cover for objects that are to be inaugurated; and

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The desecration of the national flag, coat of arms or anthem of Lithuania results in an arrest or up to 2 years of imprisonment, or other fines, as the punishment or penalty.

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or a deliberate and symbolic insult to the people of the country represented by the flag. It may also be a protest at the very laws prohibiting the act of desecrating a flag.

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of the Algerian penal code, the intentional and public shredding, distortion, or desecration of the national flag results in five to ten years of imprisonment as punishment.

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In Kazakhstan, under Chapter 14, Article 317 of the Criminal Code, an individual involved in flag desecration (including any state symbol) could face up to a fine of 3,000

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is sometimes burned as a cultural or political statement, in protest of the policies of the U.S. government, or for other reasons, both within the U.S. and abroad. The

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legislative reform to include also unofficially or privately used flags was an explicit reaction to the repeated burning of Israeli flags during anti-Israeli protests.

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and the desecration of flags of other countries. Some countries have also banned the desecration of all types of flags from inside the country to other country flags.

1665: 1495:. The incident, seen as a metaphor of Canada's perceived rejection of Quebec (and of Quebec's distinctiveness in the demise of the Meech Lake Accord) was invoked by 6513: 2393:

While Malaysia does not have specific legislation regarding flag desecration, legal action can be taken against those who show disrespect towards the national flag

2286:, the desecration of a recognized foreign nation's national flag and symbol to dishonour that particular nation is illegal and results in fine or penal labour, but 4886: 4972: 3738:, who said that it was more effective to work with the police and other authorities rather than to engage in "tactics which inflame and exacerbate situations." 1275:

There have been several attempts to pass bills making flag burning illegal in Australia, none of which have yet been successful. In 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992,

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a South Korean flag or emblem with intent to insult the South Korean state. Article 5 makes this crime punishable, even if done by aliens outside South Korea.

55:, such action is often intended to make a political point against a country or its policies. Some countries have laws against methods of destruction (such as 6085: 3377: 3360: 3237: 2688:

or a highly offensive act: several instances of this incorrect display (usually by foreigners) have attracted online backlash, prompting official apologies.

7176: 2443:-language textbooks for Year 4 students. His action drew widespread online criticism and Lee's Facebook account appeared to have been deactivated later on. 2301:, at a postage stamp convention was pulled down and damaged, but as Japan did not recognize the PRC at the time, the law was not applied. In February 2011, 6310: 6174: 3944: 3801: 3399:

may still be imposed to regulate the time, place, and manner of such expression. If the flag that was burned was someone else's property (as it was in the

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Article 32 states that flags in a bad condition must be sent to the nearest military unit for incineration on Flag Day according to ceremonial procedures.

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marketed "flag-burning kits" – inspired by, and to protest, the censorship of Azlan McLennan's art – to university students.

6200: 2733: 1652:. They were bound over to keep the peace on their own recognisance of $ 2,000 for 12 months for each of the two charges. In the judgement, Chief Justice 6474: 5410: 2129:

debate, "It may not be possible to address defacing the flag through legislation, but the House must issue a strong message that this is unacceptable."

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destroying, tearing, trampling, burning, or performing other actions with the intention to tarnish, insult, or degrade the honour of the national flag;

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In Ukraine, the desecration of national symbols, including the national flag, is a crime, resulting in up to one year of imprisonment as punishment.

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in a close vote of 66 in favor and 34 opposed, one vote short of the two-thirds majority needed to send the amendment to be voted on by the states.

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Flag desecration is not a crime according to the Dutch law.For example in Nova Scotia, Canada, the Dutch flag is used as an "open" and "sale" sign.

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A spokesman at the Thai National Flag Museum commented that no one has a copyright on the flag's colours or the order in which they are presented.

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in public) or forbidding particular uses (such as for commercial purposes); such laws may distinguish between the desecration of the country's own

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desecration of the Danish flag legal; a fine or up to 2 years imprisonment for desecrating a foreign (non-Danish) flag, but law unused since 1936

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be punishable under the provisions regarding disorderly conduct ("förargelseväckande beteende") under the chapter 16 § 16 of the criminal code.

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schoolteacher, burned the national flag of New Zealand as part of a protest in Parliament grounds at the New Zealand Government's hosting of the

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using the national flag to cover a ceiling or roof, or for wrapping or covering goods in a way that can degrade the honor of the national flag.

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Flag desecration has been illegal in Egypt since 2014. It results in a fine of up to 30,000 Egyptian pounds (about $ 4,300) as the punishment.

7205: 5695: 3391:, it is unconstitutional for a government (whether federal, state, or municipal) to prohibit the desecration of a flag, due to its status as " 5324: 2573: 7085:

BBC: A motion calling for the Union Flag to be flown on Parliament Buildings every day the Northern Ireland Assembly meets has been defeated

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In 2022, Israel passed a new amendment, meaning those convicted of deliberately burning an Israeli flag, face up to two years in prison.

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after the Canadian flag had been burnt in protests in Quebec. Televised images of individuals stepping on the Quebec flag were played in

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of the People's Republic of China by intentionally burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling upon it in a public place".

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It is questionable if these laws are enforced as there have been many instances where the national and foreign flags were set on fire.

2102: 6897: 6121: 2117:, on which the tricolour's white band was defaced with Guinness's harp logo (which is similar to, but different from, the harp on the 7392: 4084: 2929:

Article 106 imposes up to one year in prison, disfranchisement of up to five years, or a fine up to two million South Korean won for

1341: 1309: 87:, stepping upon it, damaging it with stones; bullets; or any other projectile, cutting or ripping it, improperly flying it, verbally 5633: 5145: 7387: 4942: 2485: 2068:). There were no such examples of burning the current Iraqi national flags, even by political opponents, as both contain the words 1896:

As part of that reform, a newly formed §90c StGB was introduced that extends the scope of protection to the flag and anthem of the

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Flag desecration is considered legal in Jamaica, especially because it is part of flag protocol to dispose of it when it is torn.

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printing on, embroidering or adding letters, numbers, images or other signs, or adding badges or any objects to the national flag;

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The precise law in Peru is unclear, but such acts are clearly capable of causing outrage. In 2008, the dancer, model and actress

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with intent to insult the South Korean state. Article 5 makes this crime punishable, even if done by aliens outside South Korea.

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10 for every day or part of a day during which the offence is continued after the day on which such person is first convicted.

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10 for every day or part of a day during which the offence is continued after the day on which such person is first convicted.

5830: 1814:, it is illegal to desecrate the flag, treat it in disrespecting manner, or remove it from a public place without permission. 7339: 6414: 5889: 5447: 5297: 5265: 5226: 3835: 2145:, in particular a scene in which a tricolour is brought into a pub frequented by a prostitute. On 7 May 1945, the day before 2017: 2529:

ruled in 2011 that the previous rulings had misinterpreted the meaning of "offensive behavior" in the Summary Offences Act.

5567: 4978: 4833: 4110: 3726:, commonly referred to as the Confederate flag, has sometimes been burned in protest as well. In 2000, protesters from the 3267: 2870: 2166: 5489: 2537:

Any person who flies or exhibits the National Flag in a defaced or bad condition shall be guilty of an offence. A fine of

7316: 6559: 4210: 3976: 3492:

with the needed two-thirds majority. On June 27, 2006, another attempt to pass a ban on flag burning was rejected by the

2505: 2028:

Article 24 of Law No. 24/2009 on Flags, Language, National Symbols, and Anthems, states that people are prohibited from:

1882: 3307:

are often desecrated or burnt in Northern Ireland by various groups as a political statement/provocation or in protest.

5723: 5048: 5045:

Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 Tentang Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara, serta Lagu Kebangsaan

4896: 4154: 2879: 2426:, were photographed with an upside-down national flag, and claimed the action was "to express their dissatisfaction of 2193: 3911: 2961:

was burned many times by protestors against its government's policies, for instance in Brazil by those protesting the

2468:

30,000 (about $ 300) fine or both if one is found disrespecting or damaging the national anthem or the national flag.

2328:, has never been a crime. Absent from such law, the act of desecration is implicitly protected by Article 21 covering 7120: 5384: 4194: 3504: 3340: 2768: 2344: 1681: 1649: 6602: 4034: 2464:

Burning the national flag is illegal in Nepal. The Criminal Code has a provision of a three-year jail sentence or a

1464:

Flag desecration is not, in itself, a crime in Canada. Acts of this nature are forms of expression protected by the

1254:

Flag desecration is not, in itself, illegal in Australia. However, flag desecration must be compliant with the law.

7511:

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/09/nyregion/nbc-apologizes-for-seinfeld-episode-on-the-puerto-rican-day-parade.html

4734: 2355: 1837: 1700: 1588: 7190: 7427: 6025: 5104: 4541: 3256: 3221: 2427: 4427:"Veteran Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Koo Sze-yiu jailed for 4 months for desecrating Chinese national flag" 2997:

with a fine that can range from 420 to 144,000 euros. However, flag burning is often seen in nationalist riots.

6430: 6047: 5976: 5971: 5176: 1688: 1484: 7157: 6207: 5939: 6855: 6844: 6235: 5949: 5414: 3420: 3054: 1959: 1940: 6707: 6148: 5753:"Perak Bersatu calls to strip Country Heights founder of 'Tan Sri' title for changing national flag colours" 3709:

In common usage, the phrase "flag burning" refers only to burning a flag as an act of protest. However, the

1416:

to alter the national flag's proportions, colors, shape, or label, or deface it with any other inscriptions;

4597:"Løgtingslóg nr. 42 frá 17. juli 1959 um flaggið, sum broytt við løgtingslóg nr. 109 frá 29. desember 1998" 3933: 3428: 3396: 3286: 3244: 3229: 2825: 2087: 1950: 1851:

be convicted under the new status, and ordered to pay a €750 after breaking the pole of a flag hung in the

1748: 5999: 4228: 1687:

In December 2019, a 13-year-old girl was sentenced to 12 months probation for flag desecration during the

1433:

Chapter VI of the law states, in article 35, that the act of a civilian breaking this law is considered a

7618: 7613: 7215: 6979: 4019: 3350: 2774:

National flag burning is a crime in Russia, resulting in up to four years of imprisonment as punishment.

2497: 2093: 1523: 1504: 1289: 1276: 6384: 6381: 6090: 3041:

The destruction, removal, or desecration of national emblems installed by a public authority (i.e., the

2760:

stated that his ministry had asked the Japanese government to launch a criminal case over the incident.

2317:

stated that his ministry had asked the Japanese government to launch a criminal case over the incident.

5835: 4446:"Civic Passion lawmaker Cheng Chung-tai found guilty of 'desecrating' flags during legislative session" 3500: 3485: 3481: 3416: 3296: 3189:

have no specific concept of "flag desecration". Flag desecration is not illegal in the United Kingdom.

2771:

said that his department was prepared to file criminal charges if prosecutors thought they had a case.

1989: 1826:

This clause was added as an amendment to a large bill dealing with internal security, in reaction to a

1732: 6867: 6475:"Rules on use of national flag to ease on Aug 1, while national symbols will have stronger safeguards" 3017:

for waving a large, modified Swedish flag from the top of a hill during an event celebrating Sweden's

2622:

administration was handed over to the Panamanian Government at the end of 1999. 9 January is known as

1751:, as it could be construed as a threat. This law is rarely enforced; the last conviction was in 1936. 5044: 4618: 3346: 3332: 3225: 2606: 2569: 2526: 2408: 2374: 2255:) for verbal desecration and with imprisonment (up to two years) for physical damage or destruction. 2196:

apologised for the incident, which was not reported in Irish newspapers owing to wartime censorship.

2174: 1660:

guarantees freedom of speech, flag desecration is not legal because there are other protest methods.

1378: 1312:

club building and tore down its flag before setting it on fire. The youth was sentenced to 12 months

680: 94:

Flag desecration may be undertaken for a variety of reasons. It may be a protest against a country's

51:, or various acts that intentionally destroy, damage, or mutilate a flag in public. In the case of a 6286:[Destruction of the national flag could be punished with 3 years in prison. Do you agree?]. 5372:

https://radiojamaicanewsonline.com/local/jlp-concerned-about-burning-of-flag-in-german-advertisement

5119: 3943:

Cite error: The named reference "Dirisu" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

3787:

Since the demonstrations against the refusal by the government to renew the broadcasting license of

7623: 6088:[The case against Leysi Suárez for posing node over the flag is being asked to be closed]. 5359:"Art. 292 codice penale – Vilipendio o danneggiamento alla bandiera o ad altro emblema dello Stato" 5066: 4782:"Décret n° 2010-835 du 21 juillet 2010 relatif à l'incrimination de l'outrage au drapeau tricolore" 3372: 3233: 2623: 2615: 2137: 98:, including one's own, or the nature of the government in power there. It may be a protest against 7290:"Amending America: Proposed Amendments to the United States Constitution, 1787 to 2014 – Data.gov" 5314: 4703: 4571: 3209: 5917: 5463: 4512: 3710: 3581: 3444: 3274: 3217: 3127: 3104: 2656: 2652: 2118: 1904: 1645: 1515: 1511: 1362: 7264: 6107: 4911: 4407: 4360: 2278:

Japanese flag being burned by protestors in front of the Consulate-General of Japan in Hong Kong

6756: 5866: 4288: 3994: 3735: 3436: 3018: 2709: 2597:

On 9 January 1964, a dispute broke out between Panamanian students and Americans living in the

2283: 2158: 2154: 2009: 1843:

In 2006, a man who had publicly burnt a French flag stolen from the façade of the city hall of

1786: 1657: 1500: 6544: 6498: 6284:"Distrugerea drapelului national ar putea fi pedepsita cu 3 ani de inchisoare. Esti de acord?" 5255: 5216: 5022: 7523:"Kramer Takes Extreme Measures to Use a Bathroom | the Puerto Rican Day | Seinfeld" 7034: 6783:"Kriminalisering av flaggbränning Motion 2004/05:Ju233 av Torsten Lindström (Kd) - Riksdagen" 5292:. Trinity College Dublin Press, in association with Environmental Publications. p. 464. 5202: 4361:"HKSAR v. NG KUNG SIU AND ANOTHER – [1999] HKCFI 310; HCMA000563/1998, 23 March 1999" 3727: 3381: 3364: 3263: 3193: 3099: 2966: 2923: 2882:

desecration of the flag was a criminal offense punishable by up to five years' imprisonment.

2749: 2333: 2306: 2162: 6269: 6110:, the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, February 12, 1998, Chan Robles Law Library. 4179: 4015: 3762:, infamously featured a scene where Kramer accidentally sets the Puerto Rican flag on fire. 3750:

Flag desecration is legal in Puerto Rico because it is an American territory. An episode of

1992:

is in charge of the enforcement of the manufacture of the flag according to the guidelines.

7628: 7542: 6905: 4648:"Proclamation No. 654/2009 – The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Flag Proclamation" 3758: 3651: 3493: 3448: 3010: 2887: 2795: 2767:

desecrated a Russian flag during a concert in Ukraine. In response, Vladimir Markin of the

1912: 1886: 1827: 1352: 1347:

Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre worker Adam Thompson burned the Australian flag on the week of

1329:

burnt an Australian flag and displayed it on a billboard outside the Trocadero artspace in

5345: 4716: 4088: 3686:

told supporters that he believed flag burning should be punishable by one year in prison.

1731:. However it is illegal to publicly burn or desecrate the flags of foreign countries, the 1355:'s City Park to the cheers of about 100 people, who were rallying against what they call " 8: 7084: 7018: 5912: 5777: 5700: 5628: 5600: 5572: 4921:

by the Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship. Retrieved on 9 March 2008.

3473: 3311: 3122: 2919: 2729: 2586: 2489: 2150: 2110: 1963: 1847:

during a public festival, organized and regulated by public authorities, was fined €300.

1625: 1563: 1480: 1401:

Brazilian law number 5700, chapter V, from 1971, concerns respect and the national flag:

1330: 1305: 587: 7317:"The Flag Burning Amendment – Ron Paul in the US House of Representatives, June 3, 2003" 6928: 5862: 4931: 4465:"Girl, 13, sentenced to 12 months probation for burning China flag at Hong Kong protest" 679:

up to 2 years imprisonment or house arrest, or 900 hours community service; up to 3,000

7406: 6688: 6070: 5944: 5803: 5319: 4132: 3770:

Desecration of foreign national flags is punished by the article 139 of the Penal Code:

3621: 3432: 3412: 3384: 3367: 3232:" before stepping in front of a vehicle and stomping on the flag. Her conviction under 3094: 3046: 3022: 2986: 2681: 2610: 2510: 2248: 2204: 1496: 1293: 1264: 795: 123: 5358: 4668: 4647: 4274: 3327: 2812:

is considered holy, even the slightest disrespect amounts to not only desecration but

2132: 1712: 7344: 6532: 6486: 6410: 5443: 5293: 5261: 5222: 5181: 5150: 4892: 4343:"Hong Kong lawmaker arrested and charged after flipping flags at legislative meeting" 4251: 3831: 3792: 3779:

There is no restriction in place for the desecration of the Uruguayan national flag.

3601: 3511: 3197: 3178: 3076: 2598: 2431: 2419: 2358:

announced its intention to pass a law in the Diet to prohibit the desecration of the

2329: 2170: 2126: 1740: 1637: 1620:

Chinese laws concerning flag desecration were incorporated into Hong Kong law as the

1472: 1244: 1103: 560: 4302: 3310:

Also in Northern Ireland, Ulster loyalists have sometimes mistakenly desecrated the

3273:

In 2006, to allow greater police control over extremist protesters, 17 MPs signed a

7059: 6360: 5840: 4516: 3699: 3655: 3611: 3440: 3355: 3292: 3084: 2915: 2911: 2667: 2122: 2013: 1985: 1002: 718: 6514:"National flag may be displayed more often; penalty for misuse increased to $ 30k" 6311:"Proiect de lege: Pedepse cu închisoarea pentru ofensa adusă însemnelor naţionale" 6175:"Facebook apologises for 'declaring war' in the Philippines with upside-down flag" 2430:

that they alleged was carried out in an undemocratic way". In another incident, a

2274: 2012:

to give Indians the right to unfurl the flag publicly. The Indian cricket batsman

1708: 7237: 7210: 6702: 6257: 6239: 5728: 5680: 5675: 5660: 5655: 5437: 4918: 4859: 4746: 3561: 3392: 3315: 3304: 3201: 3158: 3154: 2764: 2663: 2440: 2412: 2181: 2097: 1875: 1852: 1832: 1811: 1728: 1673: 1519: 882: 115: 19:"Flag burning" redirects here. For burning of flags as a method of disposal, see 6603:

Comparative Summary: Flag Desecration Under the Laws of Selected Foreign Nations

4977:. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company. pp. 9–84. ASIN B0007DOQP0. Archived from 4932:"Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code – Section 334: Blasphemy of National Symbol" 3212:

offence, subsequently pleaded guilty and were fined a total of £450. In 2001 at

2635: 7366: 4815: 3665: 3571: 3521: 2821: 2753: 2602: 2542: 2538: 2465: 2395: 2310: 2209: 2189: 1897: 1736: 1644:. They were found guilty by a magistrate, had the conviction overturned in the 1492: 1476: 1454: 1326: 1173: 1168: 820: 816: 430: 410: 273: 119: 95: 7581: 7567: 7522: 7324: 7238:"18 U.S. Code § 700 – Desecration of the flag of the United States; penalties" 6628: 6563: 3800:

prepended to the video a statement denouncing the message as violative of the

3797: 3083:

to investigate fashion footwear in Paris that incorporates the colours of the

1369:'s Parliament House as they called for Aboriginal sovereignty over Australia. 7607: 7448: 7014:"Royal wedding: Cambridge students mark Duke's wedding by burning Union flag" 5515: 4211:"§ 248 StGB (Strafgesetzbuch), Herabwürdigung des Staates und seiner Symbole" 4158: 3443:

preventing Confederate soldiers dishonoring her Union flag was propagated by

3300: 3248: 3050: 3014: 2990: 2938: 2820:

printed carry-out bags bearing the flags of all nations participating in the

2817: 2783: 2757: 2576:, Norwegian flags were burned in demonstrations in various Muslim countries. 2453: 2321: 2314: 2294: 2213: 2142: 2038:

flying the national flag if it is damaged, torn, smudged, crumpled, or faded;

2005: 1975: 1915:

in support for a reunified, democratic Germany. This flag is now used by the

1760: 1641: 1570: 1348: 1193: 1188: 60: 52: 48: 20: 3912:"Flags and Coat of Arms Act Cap F30 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004" 2673:

Flag burning is only permitted, in the case of proper disposal of the flag.

2407:

Nine Australian men, the 'Budgie Nine', were arrested after celebrating the

2243:

In Italy, the desecration of any Italian or foreign nation's national flag (

1514:

from the United States staged a burning of the Canadian Flag outside of the

28: 6407:

Burning the Flag: The Great 1989–1990 American Flag Desecration Controversy

6339:"Культура: Музыка: Bloodhound Gang запретили выступать на фестивале KUBANA" 3731: 3683: 3671: 3661: 3635: 3615: 3551: 3531: 3213: 3205: 2958: 2891: 2745: 2639: 2619: 2400: 2302: 2065: 1955: 1908: 1365:

activists burned the Australian flag on 27 January 2012 at the entrance to

1356: 1280: 1017: 1012: 973: 968: 539: 293:

up to 2 years imprisonment and fine up to €1,600 (flag of Bulgaria and EU)

5540: 5000: 3465:, American flags were sometimes burned during war protest demonstrations. 2906:

punishes flag desecration, of both domestic and foreign, in various ways:

2878:

viewing it as a symbol of the country's government at the time. Under the

2517:

In 2007, activist Valerie Morse had burned the New Zealand flag during an

2169:, set fire to it and tossed it away, provoking a small riot. In response, 1308:, a Lebanese-Australian youth, whose name has been kept secret, climbed a 7158:"Belfast shop insists it's displaying Ivory Coast flag, NOT Ireland flag" 6338: 4489: 3631: 3591: 3462: 3174: 3162: 3089: 3021:. The motifs that had been added to the flag in question were those of a 2946: 2436: 2287: 1434: 1077: 1072: 979: 875: 870: 787: 782: 767: 762: 712: 707: 99: 40: 7175:

Sahouri, Andrea May; Miskimen, Gage; Gehr, Danielle (20 December 2019).

4129:"7.30 Report – 06/02/2006: Art prompts call for flag-burning law change" 3730:

burned Confederate and Nazi flags to protest an arson attempt against a

3150: 1866: 1212: 6086:"Piden archivar proceso a Leysi Suárez por posar desnuda sobre bandera" 6021: 5756: 3565: 3545: 3541: 3424: 3405: 3277:

calling for burning of the British flag to be made a criminal offence.

3247:

influenced the burning of a large British flag, the centerpiece of the

3042: 2970: 2930: 2522: 2493: 2185: 2064:

In 2004, many copies of the proposed new flag for Iraq were burnt (see

1855: 1677: 1594: 1422:

to use the national flag as a label or wrapping for products at a sale.

671: 666: 111: 80: 7139:"Loyalists ask us to respect their flag as they burn everyone else's?" 4549: 3961:[2 to 8 years of prison for having burned the Algerian Flag]. 3507:

that would allow Congress to enact laws to prohibit flag desecration:

3404:

used in some jurisdictions to support the prosecution of a crime as a

3029:. The royal family being present, the event being part of the city of 2404:

national flag would be added under the proposed National Harmony Act.

2365:

On April 13, 2022, Japan made the desecration of foreign flags legal.

6997: 6732:"The EU countries that will punish you for disrespecting their flags" 6385:

https://www.imolin.org/doc/amlid/Russian_Federation_Criminal_Code.pdf

6382:

https://www.imolin.org/doc/amlid/Russian_Federation_Criminal_Code.pdf

5439:

Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of "Nihonjinron"

3675: 3182: 2874: 2866: 2837: 2829: 2813: 2752:

outside of the Russian embassy in Tokyo, during which they dragged a

2670:, its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable." 2518: 2309:

outside of the Russian embassy in Tokyo, during which they dragged a

2178: 2114: 1744: 1653: 1550:

Chinese flag burned by Tibetan Anti-China protesters in India in 2008

1546: 1491:

and contributed to the deterioration in relations between Quebec and

1318: 1313: 1124: 996: 991: 695: 690: 554: 549: 202: 197: 185: 180: 135: 76: 4035:"Protection of Australian Flags (Desecration of the Flag) Bill 2003" 1765: 6898:"Parisian footwear with Thai flag colours triggers netizen outrage" 6361:"BBC News – Russia bans US rockers Bloodhound Gang over flag stunt" 6315: 3752: 3641: 3585: 3575: 3555: 3186: 3030: 2677: 2348: 2229: 2221: 2106: 1998:

Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (No. 69 of 1971)

1844: 1390: 1366: 1118: 1113: 855: 850: 733: 728: 424: 419: 288: 283: 122:. In countries where it is not, the act may still be prosecuted as 110:

In some countries, desecrating a flag is a crime and may result in

6822: 6232: 5288:

McDowell, Robert Brendan; Webb, David Allardice (1 January 2004).

4706:

of the French national assembly, second sitting of 23 January 2003

3868:"South Korea's dramatic protesters are ready for global spotlight" 3480:

decision. After that case, several flag burning amendments to the

2572:

burned a U.S. flag during a satirical TV show in 2003. During the

2266:

A German advert depicted the flag being torched in a coffee shop.

1680:'s inauguration as new chief executive. On 29 September 2017, the 1211:

In Algeria, flag desecration is a crime. According to article 160

7527: 6126: 6068:[Controversial Leysi Suárez's pictures cause commotion]. 6022:"U.S.: Muhammad Cartoon Controversy Having Little Impact In U.S." 5385:"Yomitan Journal: A Pacifist Landlord Makes War on Okinawa Bases" 3605: 3535: 3525: 3166: 2974: 2805: 2800: 2225: 2146: 2016:

was accused of sporting the flag on his cricket helmet below the

1988:

is a set of laws that govern the usage of the Flag of India. The

1724: 1413:

to present or fly any national flag which is in a poor condition;

1393:

nationalists have burned Belgian flags on at least one occasion.

1156: 1151: 916: 911: 810: 805: 592: 514: 509: 483: 478: 445: 440: 379: 374: 362: 357: 242: 237: 222: 217: 165: 160: 142:

List of countries' flag desecration permissibility and penalties

91:

it, dragging it on the ground, or eating it, among other things.

72: 71:

Actions that may be treated as the desecration of a flag include

5257:

Strained relations: Ireland at peace and the USA at war, 1941–45

2969:. The Soviet flag was burned or otherwise desecrated during the 2965:

of 1968, and in New York City in 1985 by protesters against the

7177:"Iowa man sentenced to 16 years for setting LGBTQ flag on fire" 6668:

Protest against Czech invasions mounts in capitals of the world

5676:"Australian 'Budgie Nine' F1 strippers freed by Malaysia court" 3828:

Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Voices, and Viewpoints

2492:

with the intent of dishonouring it. In 2003, Paul Hopkinson, a

2423: 2074:(God is great), so this would be seen as a religious insult in 2070: 1669:

inverted Chinese flag with slogans written on it in July 2020.

1636:

In 1999, two individuals were convicted for desecration of the

1488: 1139: 1134: 1094: 1089: 1057: 1052: 936: 931: 899: 894: 835: 830: 750: 745: 612: 607: 500: 495: 462: 457: 305: 300: 262: 257: 88: 84: 7568:"Globovision Denuncia: Mincia Viola la Ley con Mensaje Rojito" 5913:"New Zealand High Court overturns conviction for flag burning" 5656:"Stripping at Malaysian Grand Prix: Nine Australians arrested" 4229:"§ 317 StGB (Strafgesetzbuch), Herabwürdigung fremder Symbole" 3192:

In May 1998, in a protest by 2,000 former prisoners of war, a

1917:

Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship

7582:"Globovision Denuncia: Minci Viola la Ley con Mensaje Rojito" 6313:[Bill: Imprisonment for insulting national symbols]. 5215:

Watt, Stephen; Morgan, Eileen M.; Mustafa, Shakir M. (2000).

4959:

as the act did not result in a more serious criminal offense.

3645: 2816:. This has led to several incidents of controversy. In 1994, 2339:

On 26 October 1987, an Okinawan supermarket owner burned the

2075: 1823:

behaviour" during public ceremonies and major sports events.

1747:

has decided that burning or desecrating these is a matter of

1037: 1032: 956: 951: 649: 644: 632: 627: 531: 526: 401: 396: 345: 340: 325: 320: 131: 127: 7060:"BURNING THE UNION FLAG - Early Day Motions - UK Parliament" 6796: 6703:"Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal" 5780:[Law on the National Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem] 3853:

Flag Burning: Moral Panic and the Criminalization of Protest

6875: 6395:

Paul A. Herbig, Handbook of Cross-Cultural Marketing, p. 20

5490:"Мемлекеттік Туды қорлағандар 10 млн теңге айыппұл төлейді" 4767: 3788: 3625: 3595: 3515: 2252: 1935: 575: 570: 44: 5696:"Malaysians abroad claim no disrespect to flag or country" 4690:

Loi n°2003-239 du 18 mars 2003 pour la sécurité intérieure

3959:"2 à 8 ans de prison pour avoir brulé le Drapeau algérien" 3734:

synagogue. This was criticized by a representative of the

3345:

Flag desecration is not a crime in the United States. The

3025:, an axe, a viking warrior's head in profile and the word 2894:

in protest against the country's pending democratization.

1769:, may not be desecrated, "neither by words nor by deeds". 1727:, it is legal to burn or desecrate the national flag, the 7340:"Trump revives a lower of an issue: banning flag burning" 6671: 6103: 6101: 3796:

criticizing this practice as disrespectful was produced.

3578:) in 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013 2890:" organization burned the then-new South African flag in 2541:

100 and in the case of a continuing offence to a fine of

1798: 1792: 819:

100 and in the case of a continuing offence to a fine of

32:

A map of countries with a flag desecration ban as of 2023

7097:

Flagging concern: the controversy over flags and emblems

6149:"U.S. apologizes for flying Philippine flag upside down" 6048:"Peru wants jail for nude woman who used flag as saddle" 4324: 3103:, "The combination of the Thai flag and human feet is a 2502:

Australia's support of the United States in the Iraq War

1946:

Desecration of the national flag is illegal in Hungary.

1699:

Croatian history recalls the burning of the flag of the

7265:"Amendment on Flag Burning Fails by One Vote in Senate" 6431:"National Symbols Act 2022 - Singapore Statutes Online" 5778:"Ley sobre el Escudo, la Bandera y el Himno Nacionales" 5348:

on nevo(in hebrew) written in 1949 last updated in 2016

4799:

Un Algérien condamné pour outrage au drapeau français,

4049:

Flags Amendment (Protecting Australian Flags) Bill 2016

1286:

Flags Amendment (Protecting Australian Flags) Bill 2016

7121:"What have the Ivory Coast ever done to deserve this?" 7011: 6856:

Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China

6845:

Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China

6472: 6098: 5411:"Okinawa in Postwar Japanese Politics and the Economy" 5290:

Trinity College Dublin, 1592–1952: an academic history

4888:

Belonging: Solidarity and Division in Modern Societies

3934:"Reps propose N100,000 fine for national flag abusers" 3698:

Two protesters in Iran tearing an American flag at an

2035:

using the national flag for billboards or commercials;

7388:

Counter-protest in Reno by right-wing Jews angers ADL

6512:

Correspondent, Goh Yan HanPolitical (2 August 2022).

4155:"Flag-burning kits for sale | Green Left Weekly" 3704:

American withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan

3243:

In 2011, a group of approximately 20–30 students at

3238:

Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights

6473:

ZachariahCorrespondent, Natasha Ann (31 July 2023).

6066:"Las polémicas fotos de Leysi Suárez causan revuelo" 4157:. Greenleft.org.au. 22 February 2006. Archived from 3804:, "for constituting anonymous official propaganda". 3802:

Law on Social Responsibility on Radio and Television

2626:

and is commemorated in Panama as a day of mourning.

2251:) and punished with fines (between 1,000 and 10,000 7174: 5964: 5890:"Paul Hopkinson burning the New Zealand flag, 2004" 4408:"Activist gets six weeks' jail for burning HK flag" 3598:) in 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2011, 2013 2918:for damaging, removing, or staining a South Korean 2141:attracted controversy for its critical view of the 1830:match during which there had been whistles against 1526:which was being adjudicated by the Canadian court. 1377:In Austria, flag desecration is illegal under §248 3291:Unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, the law in 1980:Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 1471:In 1990, during heated political times around the 5214: 5170: 5168: 4336: 4334: 4303:"Decreto 890 de 1975 del Ministerio del Interior" 3890:"Shooting at the Nigerian Flag; What is the Law?" 3389:First Amendment to the United States Constitution 2914:of up to six years, or a fine up to four million 2910:Article 105 imposes up to three years in prison, 2828:superimposed, rather than the Saudi flag), while 2725:anthem and coat-of-arms) have not been approved. 7605: 6995:"Conviction for defacing flag is incompatible". 5833:[Judge issues 'slap' for Flag offense]. 5281: 5146:"Hello again...Davy Keogh still flying the flag" 4009: 3341:Flag of the United States § Display and use 637:up to 2 years imprisonment; €1,000–€10,000 fine 130:or, if conducted on someone else's property, as 6797:"Law (1982:269) on the Swedish Flag | Lagen.nu" 6626: 6270:Article 236 of the previous Romanian Penal Code 5382: 2732:of 1989, the Communist era flag was flown with 2121:). Guinness apologised after public criticism. 1949:During a demonstration at the beginning of the 1270: 7099:by Robin Wilson, Democratic Dialogue July 2000 5408: 5208: 5165: 4331: 4078: 4076: 3682:During a rally in June 2020, former president 6835:Swiss Penal Code , SR/RS 311.0 , art. 270 6620: 6511: 6122:"Why some Philippine flags need to be burned" 5516:"Қазақстан Республикасының Қылмыстық кодексi" 5120:"There are times when your team needs you..." 5037: 4317:"Congressional-Executive Commission on China" 3461:During the United States' involvement in the 3295:has varied since its foundation in 1921. The 2949:rather than merely just the flag of a state. 2574:Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 2282:In Japan, under Chapter 4, Article 92 of the 1763:, the flag law states that the Faroese flag, 7262: 6608:(Report). Law Library of Congress. June 2005 6409:. Kent State University Press. p. 293. 5831:"Juez da 'escarmiento' por ofensa a Bandera" 5287: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5218:A century of Irish drama: widening the stage 5064: 5060: 5058: 4860:"Germany bans burning of EU and other flags" 4041: 3905: 3903: 3830:(Vol 1 ed.). M.E. Sharpe. p. 180. 3724:Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia 2995:flags of the autonomous communities of Spain 2486:Flags, Emblems and Names Protection Act 1981 1939:1956 Revolution Flag flying in front of the 1796:] symbols, emblems or picture [ 1705:1895 visit of Emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb 1389:Flag desecration is not illegal in Belgium. 1180: 1064: 7263:Hulse, Carl; Holusha, John (27 June 2006). 7191:"1862: William B. Mumford, flag desecrator" 5750: 5622:Azhar, Aylaa; Vinod, G. (22 October 2013). 5376: 4195:Tent Embassy protesters march on Parliament 4073: 3826:Charney, Evan (2009). Roger Chapman (ed.). 3268:British sovereignty of the Falkland Islands 2840:is considered desecration in Saudi Arabia. 2708:Currently, according to article 332 of the 2247:) is prohibited by law (Article 292 of the 1630:Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance 1622:National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance 1611:Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance 1602:National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance 1597:has original text related to this article: 1260:Coleman v Kinbacher & Anor (Qld Police) 6927:McNamee, Michael Sheils (20 August 2019). 6398: 5621: 4642: 4640: 4247:"Les jeunes N-VA brûlent le drapeau belge" 3909: 3431:ordered the 1862 execution for treason of 2614:in the decision to negotiate and sign the 2165:began jeering, some took down the flag of 2113:distributing Irish flags to supporters in 1684:found Cheng guilty and fined him $ 5,000. 700:up to 2 years imprisonment; variable fine 7393:J. The Jewish News of Northern California 6952: 6557: 6404: 6308: 5892:. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 5624:"Clauses on flag and vandalism withdrawn" 5260:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 163. 5242: 5221:. Indiana University Press. p. 108. 5076:. Department of the Taoiseach. p. 14 5074:An Bhratach Náisiúnta / The National Flag 5055: 4884: 4834:"Bundestag verbietet Flaggen-Verbrennung" 4536: 4534: 4507: 4505: 4503: 3900: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3457:But spare your country's flag," she said. 2101:eponymous bearer a modicum of fame among 1648:but the convictions were restored by the 1408:Article 31 states that it is prohibited: 1299: 904:up to 1 year imprisonment; variable fine 7337: 6929:"Is it possible to disrespect the flag?" 6723: 6597: 6595: 5910: 5543:[Desecration of state symbols]. 4813: 4402: 4400: 3927: 3925: 3693: 3455:"Shoot, if you must, this old gray head, 3326: 3149: 3121: 2848:In Serbia, flag desecration is illegal. 2786:can be imprisoned for up to six months. 2782:Those who deface or wilfully insult the 2756:on the ground; Russian foreign minister 2313:on the ground; Russian foreign minister 2273: 2203: 1934: 1865: 1553: 1545: 1325:In 2006, Australian contemporary artist 105: 27: 6926: 6729: 6629:"Raising of the New South African Flag" 5442:. Trans Pacific Press. pp. 92–95. 5413:. Penn State University. Archived from 5313:Stoil, Rebecca Anna (30 January 2007). 4637: 3865: 3825: 3387: (1990), has ruled that due to the 3262:The Union Flag has also been burned by 3009:In 1997 a teenager who identified as a 2941:without foreign governmental complaint. 1707:. Two people involved in the incident, 1466:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 16:Method of protest or insultig of a flag 7606: 7203: 7035:"Argentine protesters burn Union flag" 7032: 6201:"The Polish Penal Code of 6 June 1997" 6119: 5972:"Court throws out flag burning charge" 5828: 5565: 5315:"'Satanist' teens allegedly burn flag" 4970: 4964: 4885:Guibernau, Montserrat (26 July 2013). 4816:"DFR – BVerfGE 81, 278 – Bundesflagge" 4531: 4500: 4443: 4437: 4111:"RSL rethinks flag idea after threats" 4082: 3931: 3883: 3881: 3814: 3791:(a major TV network), the upside-down 2963:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 2696:Polish Criminal Code (1997) declares: 2295:flag of the People's Republic of China 2056:In Iran, flag desecration is a crime. 1522:. This was to protest legalization of 7155: 7012:Joshi Eichner Herrmann (2 May 2011). 6983:Burning flag socialists fined GBP 450 6757:""Flag burning - punishable or not?"" 6592: 6560:"Police arrest nine in protest march" 6019: 5593: 5327:from the original on 11 December 2023 5312: 5253: 5174: 5117: 5094: 4619:"Egypt criminalizes flag desecration" 4397: 4340: 3997:. Australia: Smh.com.au. 25 June 2003 3977:"CODIGO PENAL DE LA NACION ARGENTINA" 3922: 3866:Glionna, John M. (10 November 2010). 3850: 1874:Under the German criminal code (§90a 7314: 6309:Novaceanu, Alina (10 October 2015). 6281: 5435: 5383:Wundunn, Sheryl (11 November 1995). 5143: 4948:from the original on 26 January 2024 4542:"History and Debate of Flag Burning" 4462: 4424: 3887: 3844: 3451:", which contains the famous lines: 3236:was overturned as incompatible with 3087:. Photos of the shoes, shown on the 2220:In 2007, six teenagers in the South 2161:over the college; when onlookers in 1885:was expanded in 1935 to include the 1870:German flags being burned in protest 1624:in 1997 as required by Annex III of 1536:Ley de Seguridad Interior del Estado 7570:. 19 June 2007 – via YouTube. 7449:"Louisiana Revised Statutes 14:116" 5887: 5822: 5724:"UBAH! INI KALILAH' YANG MELUKAKAN" 5596:"The controversy over flag burning" 5568:"Treat Jalur Gemilang with respect" 5566:Mallow, Muzaffar (31 August 2017). 4444:Cheung, Karen (29 September 2017). 4180:PM called on to outlaw flag-burning 3995:"Push to make flag burning illegal" 3942: 3878: 3859: 3717: 3484:were proposed. On June 22, 2005, a 3314:, erroneously mistaking it for the 3280: 2808:declaration of faith). Because the 2428:the just-concluded general election 2212:being burned by the ultra-Orthodox 1001:up to 6 months imprisonment; up to 559:up to 10 years imprisonment; up to 467:up to 6 months imprisonment; up to 386:(only the national flag of Denmark) 13: 7001:. United Kingdom. 21 January 2002. 6000:"Criminal Code of North Macedonia" 5594:Singh, Bu Bhag (2 November 2017). 4572:"Straffeloven (Danish Penal Code)" 3888:Mudi, Johannes (18 October 2020). 3435:, who had removed a Union flag in 2684:, Filipinos consider this a major 2638:appeared naked photographed using 2548: 1310:Returned and Services League (RSL) 1201: 717:up to 6 years imprisonment; up to 429:up to 3 years imprisonment; up to 14: 7640: 7193:. executedtoday.com. 7 June 2009. 6904:. 16 October 2018. Archived from 6730:Beswick, Emma (9 November 2017). 6558:Jungwirth, Craig (5 April 1985). 6405:Goldstein, Robert Justin (2006). 6020:Tully, Andrew (7 February 2006). 5940:"Flag burning conviction quashed" 5911:Braddock, John (26 August 2004). 5541:"Valstybės simbolių išniekinimas" 5177:"Letters: In defence of Guinness" 5118:Byrne, Nicola (4 November 2001). 5095:Wolff, Alexander (13 June 1994). 4463:Chan, Holmes (13 December 2019). 4425:Chau, Candice (28 January 2021). 3910:LawNigeria, Law (26 April 2018). 3505:Constitution of the United States 3499:There have been several proposed 3415:, the U.S. flag was flown by the 3145: 2769:Investigative Committee of Russia 2354:In late January 2021, the ruling 2345:National Sports Festival of Japan 1102:up to 1 year imprisonment; up to 978:up to 1 year imprisonment; up to 880:up to 1 year imprisonment; up to 755:6 months to 4 years imprisonment 7574: 7560: 7535: 7515: 7504: 7483: 7462: 7441: 7420: 7399: 7381: 7359: 7338:Abcarian, Robin (24 June 2020). 7331: 7308: 7282: 7256: 7230: 7197: 7183: 7168: 7149: 7131: 7113: 7109:".DOC" format: Flags Regulations 7102: 7090: 7078: 7052: 7033:Hayton, Bill (21 January 2012). 7026: 7005: 6988: 6973: 6953:Macaskill, Jamie (27 May 1998). 6946: 6920: 6890: 6860: 6849: 6838: 6829: 6815: 6789: 6775: 6749: 6695: 6677: 6661: 6635: 6578: 6551: 6505: 6466: 6441: 6423: 6389: 6375: 6353: 6331: 6302: 6282:Vlad, Ioana (18 November 2011). 6275: 6263: 6244: 6225: 6193: 6167: 6141: 6113: 4131:. Australia: ABC. Archived from 4085:"No Anzac march for flag burner" 4083:Mulvey, Paul (11 October 2006). 4063:"Flag burner 'should be jailed'" 3855:. Aldine Transaction. p. 6. 3322: 3251:'s decorations to celebrate the 3126:The Turkish flag being burnt in 3075:In October 2018, Prime Minister 2320:However, the desecration of the 1754: 1664:the regional flag in Wanchai on 1587: 1564:Flag of China § Desecration 1479:was desecrated by protestors in 1187: 1167: 1150: 1133: 1112: 1088: 1071: 1051: 1031: 1024: 1011: 990: 967: 950: 930: 923: 910: 893: 869: 849: 842: 829: 804: 781: 774: 761: 744: 727: 706: 689: 665: 658: 643: 626: 606: 599: 586: 569: 548: 525: 508: 494: 477: 456: 439: 418: 395: 373: 356: 339: 319: 312: 299: 282: 256: 249: 236: 216: 209: 196: 179: 159: 7491:"South Carolina Code 16:17:220" 7244:. Congress of the United States 7204:Scales, Robert (25 June 2006). 6684:Afghans Protest Soviet Presence 6627:Antonio Coppola (24 May 2018). 6120:Solano, Joshua (17 June 2022). 6078: 6058: 6040: 6026:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6013: 5992: 5932: 5904: 5881: 5855: 5796: 5770: 5744: 5716: 5688: 5668: 5648: 5615: 5587: 5559: 5547:(in Lithuanian). 5 January 2003 5533: 5508: 5482: 5464:"日本の国旗損壊刑法改正し処罰規定検討自民下村政調会長" 5456: 5429: 5402: 5365: 5351: 5339: 5306: 5203:Dáil debates Vol.553 No. 4 p. 5 5196: 5137: 5111: 5088: 5049:People's Representative Council 5015: 5001:"Hungary – 1956 Uprising Flags" 4993: 4924: 4905: 4878: 4852: 4826: 4807: 4792: 4774: 4752: 4727: 4709: 4697: 4683: 4671:(380) (in Finnish). 26 May 1978 4661: 4611: 4589: 4564: 4482: 4456: 4418: 4375: 4353: 4309: 4295: 4281: 4267: 4239: 4221: 4203: 4188: 4173: 4147: 4121: 4103: 4055: 4027: 3932:Dirisu, Yakubu (7 March 2024). 3689: 3370: (1989), and reaffirmed in 3331:Iranian protesters burning the 3222:5th Space Surveillance Squadron 2952: 2871:the (former) South African flag 2860: 2789: 2609:, as the Canal Zone was then a 1507:and is still remembered today. 6094:(in Spanish). 25 October 2010. 4255:(in French). 12 September 2007 3987: 3969: 3951: 3745: 3036: 2897: 2646: 2479: 2471: 1911:cut out the emblem from their 1: 5950:New Zealand Press Association 5829:Avilés, Carlos (8 May 2008). 5806:[Federal Penal Code] 5784:(in Spanish). 8 February 1984 5751:John Bunyan (9 August 2019). 5144:Bray, Allison (6 June 2009). 4513:"Dannebrog må fortsat brænde" 4341:Cheng, Kris (12 April 2017). 3807: 3105:contentious cultural cocktail 2488:it is illegal to destroy the 2368: 1941:Hungarian Parliament Building 1459: 1405:corps' internal regulations. 66: 7367:"Flag Rules and Regulations" 6823:"RH 1997:24 | lagen.nu" 6763:(in Swedish). 14 August 2015 6155:. Reuters. 28 September 2010 5839:(in Spanish). Archived from 5496:(in Kazakh). 20 January 2023 4891:. Polity Press. p. 95. 4657:: 4843–4855. 28 August 2009. 3782: 3397:content-neutral restrictions 3287:Northern Ireland flags issue 3257:King's College Student Union 2851: 2763:In 2013, the U.S. rock band 2500:, against the background of 2380: 2088:Northern Ireland flags issue 2023: 1951:Hungarian revolution of 1956 1810:According to the law on the 1626:the territory's constitution 1580: 1271:Attempts to ban flag burning 1238: 1221: 1144:up to 18 years imprisonment 1123:up to 6 years imprisonment; 961:up to 6 months imprisonment 230:up to 6 months imprisonment 7: 5175:Barry, Pat (18 June 2002). 3658:) in 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997 3501:Flag Desecration Amendments 3351:United States Supreme Court 3224:, a protester desecrated a 3161:on a bonfire on the eve of 3093:Facebook page taken during 3070: 2869:era, protesters would burn 2826:Saudi Arabia's coat of arms 2703: 2579: 2498:Prime Minister of Australia 2388: 2290:by the foreign government. 2109:ran a promotion before the 2094:Department of the Taoiseach 1780: 1739:according to § 110e of the 1440: 1249: 944:up to 4 years imprisonment 620:up to 2 years imprisonment 536:up to 4 months imprisonment 488:up to 3 years imprisonment 350:up to 3 years imprisonment 10: 7645: 7470:"Mississippi Code 97:7:39" 6708:Boletín Oficial del Estado 6562:. The Tech. Archived from 6363:. Bbc.co.uk. 3 August 2013 5863:"Flag burner in test case" 5047:(Law 24) (in Indonesian). 4721:www.assemblee-nationale.fr 4490:"Kazneni zakon – Zakon.hr" 4412:Radio Television Hong Kong 3765: 3486:Flag Desecration Amendment 3338: 3284: 3137: 2719: 2532: 2484:In New Zealand, under the 2343:, before the start of the 2258: 2194:Provost of Trinity College 2103:Republic of Ireland soccer 2085: 2081: 1990:Bureau of Indian Standards 1973: 1930: 1861: 1805: 1718: 1694: 1689:2019–20 Hong Kong protests 1682:Eastern Magistrates' Court 1638:Regional Flag of Hong Kong 1561: 1452: 1384: 1372: 1340:The socialist youth group 1296:but lapsed in April 2016. 1288:, which was introduced by 1242: 1230: 1227:one year of imprisonment. 1206: 1161:up to 1 year imprisonment 519:up to 1 year imprisonment 405: 367:up to 1 year imprisonment 333:up to 1 year imprisonment 270:up to 1 month imprisonment 190:up to 1 year imprisonment 18: 7315:Paul, Ron (3 June 2003). 6872:Thai National Flag Museum 4469:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 4115:The Sydney Morning Herald 4067:The Sydney Morning Herald 3965:(in French). 7 July 2010. 3347:flag of the United States 3333:flag of the United States 3245:King's College, Cambridge 3117: 3061: 3000: 2843: 2836:Flying the Saudi flag at 2739: 2691: 2680:. Outside of an official 2607:flag of the United States 2605:to be raised next to the 2592: 2559: 2527:New Zealand Supreme Court 2446: 2409:2016 Malaysian Grand Prix 2375:monthly calculation index 2199: 2175:University College Dublin 1922: 1817: 1499:during the run-up to the 1448: 1396: 1333:. He called the artpiece 1177: 1098: 940: 859: 791: 675: 616: 563: 1,000,000,000 fine 487: 329: 266: 169: 7407:"Florida Code 18:256:51" 6238:19 February 2008 at the 4917:27 February 2012 at the 4760:"Ruling of 14 June 2006" 3981:servicios.infoleg.gob.ar 3439:. An apocryphal tale of 3429:Benjamin Franklin Butler 3335:in Tehran, November 2018 3301:flag of Northern Ireland 3234:S5 Public Order Act 1986 2980: 2824:(with a green flag with 2777: 2748:held a protest over the 2746:Japanese ultra-rightists 2734:the coat of arms cut out 2651:Section 34a of the 1998 2616:Torrijos-Carter Treaties 2459: 2356:Liberal Democratic Party 2305:held a protest over the 2303:Japanese ultra-rightists 2269: 2245:vilipendio alla bandiera 2238: 2138:The Plough and the Stars 2008:won a court case in the 1969: 1962:, especially during the 1772: 1541: 1529: 1510:In 1999, members of the 980: 738:5–15 years imprisonment 173:5–10 years imprisonment 83:on it, defacing it with 6251:The Romanian Penal Code 5918:World Socialist Website 5409:Smits, Gregory (2000). 5254:Dwyer, T. Ryle (1988). 3851:Welch, Michael (2000). 3711:United States Flag Code 3445:John Greenleaf Whittier 3275:House of Commons motion 3218:United States Air Force 3128:Freedom Square, Yerevan 2989:punishes insulting the 2873:in protest against the 2629: 2411:by stripping to their ' 2059: 2051: 1907:in November 1989, many 1905:fall of the Berlin Wall 1666:HKSAR Establishment Day 1516:Supreme Court of Canada 1512:Westboro Baptist Church 1351:(2008) celebrations in 150:Flag desecration legal? 7179:. Des Moines Register. 6980:Evening News Edinburgh 6256:8 October 2016 at the 6231:República Portuguesa, 5867:Television New Zealand 5804:"Código Penal Federal" 4971:Heller, Andor (1957). 4735:Constitutional Council 4655:Federal Negarit Gazeta 4599:(in Faroese). logir.fo 4016:[2003] QCA 575 3777: 3736:Anti-Defamation League 3706: 3568:) in 1999, 2001, 2003, 3459: 3336: 3264:Argentine nationalists 3170: 3130: 2659:or over its surface;" 2653:Flag and Heraldic Code 2601:over the right of the 2279: 2217: 2155:Trinity College Dublin 2010:Supreme Court of India 1943: 1883:original law from 1932 1871: 1838:Constitutional Council 1787:Parliament of Ethiopia 1658:Basic Law of Hong Kong 1559: 1551: 1485:Quebec's language laws 1300:Historical occurrences 656:(since April 13, 2022) 33: 7428:"Georgia Code 50:3:9" 7206:"Forget Flag Burning" 6108:Republic Act No. 8491 6054:. Lima. 24 July 2008. 5436:Befu, Harumi (2001). 5025:. Government of India 4766:. Court of Appeal of 4087:. AAP. Archived from 3872:The Los Angeles Times 3772: 3728:Jewish Defense League 3697: 3618:) in 1989, 1995, 1996 3582:John P. Hammerschmidt 3558:) in 1991, 1993, 1995 3453: 3339:Further information: 3330: 3228:with the words "Stop 3194:Burma Railway veteran 3153: 3125: 2750:Kuril Islands dispute 2618:, by whose terms the 2334:Constitution of Japan 2307:Kuril Islands dispute 2277: 2207: 2159:the victorious Allies 2125:said in a subsequent 1938: 1869: 1650:Court of Final Appeal 1557: 1549: 409:fine of up to 30,000 106:Flag desecration laws 31: 6959:Daily Record Glasgow 6631:– via YouTube. 5097:"Here Come The Lads" 5067:"Practices to avoid" 5023:"Flag code of India" 4939:Ministry of Interior 4912:Information pamphlet 4814:Tschentscher, Axel. 4745:1 March 2009 at the 4740:Decision 2003-467 DC 4450:Hong Kong Free Press 4431:Hong Kong Free Press 4347:Hong Kong Free Press 4022:(Qld, Australia) 3759:The Puerto Rican Day 3652:Gerald B. H. Solomon 3437:occupied New Orleans 3157:prepare to burn the 2888:Afrikaner Volksfront 2796:flag of Saudi Arabia 2418:In 2013, a group of 2157:raised the flags of 1887:flag of Nazi Germany 1335:Proudly UnAustralian 1045:€420–€144,000 fine 7019:The Daily Telegraph 6878:on 2 September 2019 5636:on 28 February 2014 5629:Free Malaysia Today 5107:on 3 December 2012. 4820:www.servat.unibe.ch 4669:Laki Suomen lipusta 4623:The Times of Israel 4135:on 11 February 2006 3916:Team LawNigeria.com 3474:Flag Protection Act 3210:breach of the peace 2730:Romanian Revolution 2587:Pakistan Penal Code 2177:, including future 2111:2002 FIFA World Cup 1964:Revolutions of 1989 1958:countries, such as 1505:Quebec independence 1497:Quebec nationalists 1481:Brockville, Ontario 1331:Footscray, Victoria 1306:2005 Cronulla riots 143: 7619:Flag controversies 7614:Civil disobedience 7531:. 6 December 2023. 7296:. 25 February 2016 7269:The New York Times 7066:. 21 November 2006 6908:on 16 October 2018 6689:The New York Times 6543:has generic name ( 6497:has generic name ( 5945:New Zealand Herald 5389:The New York Times 5361:. officeadvice.it. 5320:The Jerusalem Post 5101:Sports Illustrated 5065:Protocol Section. 4981:on 8 November 2006 4804:, 12 December 2010 4786:legifrance.gouv.fr 4764:legifrance.gouv.fr 4576:retsinformation.dk 4117:. 12 October 2006. 4091:on 27 October 2007 4018: at para. 24, 3707: 3622:Clarence E. Miller 3488:was passed by the 3433:William B. Mumford 3413:American Civil War 3337: 3171: 3131: 3095:Paris Fashion Week 3085:Thai national flag 3047:Swiss coat of arms 2987:Spanish Penal Code 2744:In February 2011, 2736:, leaving a hole. 2611:disputed territory 2511:Hopkinson v Police 2280: 2249:Italian Penal Code 2218: 2119:Irish coat of arms 1944: 1872: 1759:In the autonomous 1701:Kingdom of Hungary 1656:said although the 1560: 1552: 1294:George Christensen 1265:disorderly conduct 141: 124:disorderly conduct 34: 7345:Los Angeles Times 7156:McLysaght, Emer. 6647:South Korean Laws 6518:The Straits Times 6479:The Straits Times 6416:978-0-87338-598-5 6179:The Straits Times 5977:The Dominion Post 5684:. 6 October 2016. 5664:. 3 October 2016. 5449:978-1-876843-05-2 5299:978-1-871408-26-3 5267:978-0-7171-1580-8 5228:978-0-253-21419-5 5182:Irish Independent 5151:Irish Independent 4519:. 10 January 2006 4327:on 3 August 2010. 4161:on 6 October 2008 4069:. 23 August 2006. 3837:978-0-7656-1761-3 3793:flag of Venezuela 3602:Andrew Jacobs Jr. 3512:Douglas Applegate 3449:Barbara Frietchie 3198:Rising Sun banner 3179:England and Wales 3077:Prayut Chan-o-cha 2967:Soviet–Afghan War 2902:The South Korean 2880:1983 constitution 2599:Panama Canal Zone 2432:Chinese Malaysian 2420:Chinese Malaysian 2330:freedom of speech 2293:In May 1958, the 2288:only on complaint 1749:foreign relations 1741:Danish penal code 1737:Council of Europe 1524:same-sex marriage 1473:Meech Lake Accord 1245:Flag of Australia 1199: 1198: 984: 3,000 fine 433: 5,000 fine 7636: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7519: 7513: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7466: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7424: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7403: 7397: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7323:. Archived from 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7294:catalog.data.gov 7286: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7218:on 17 March 2007 7214:. Archived from 7201: 7195: 7194: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7143:IrishCentral.com 7135: 7129: 7128: 7117: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6992: 6986: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6955:"A BURNING FURY" 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6874:. Archived from 6864: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6699: 6693: 6681: 6675: 6674:, 22 August 1968 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6607: 6599: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6542: 6538: 6536: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6496: 6492: 6490: 6482: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6402: 6396: 6393: 6387: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6248: 6242: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6212: 6206:. Archived from 6205: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6117: 6111: 6105: 6096: 6095: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6004: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5908: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5888:Pollock, Keryn. 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5810:. 14 August 1931 5809: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5783: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5632:. Archived from 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5380: 5374: 5369: 5363: 5362: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5251: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5172: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5103:. Archived from 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5071: 5062: 5053: 5052: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4974:No More Comrades 4968: 4962: 4961: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4936: 4928: 4922: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4811: 4805: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4756: 4750: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4695: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4652: 4644: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4548:. Archived from 4538: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4498: 4497: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4404: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4323:. Archived from 4313: 4307: 4306: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4207: 4201: 4192: 4186: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4059: 4053: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4031: 4025: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3941: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3885: 3876: 3875: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3823: 3718:Confederate flag 3702:rally after the 3612:Joseph M. McDade 3562:Randy Cunningham 3441:Barbara Fritchie 3356:Texas v. Johnson 3293:Northern Ireland 3281:Northern Ireland 3155:Ulster loyalists 3081:Foreign Ministry 2957:The flag of the 2916:South Korean won 2912:disfranchisement 2668:juridical person 2521:dawn service in 2490:New Zealand flag 2123:Cecilia Keaveney 2096:'s guide to the 2014:Sachin Tendulkar 1986:Indian Flag Code 1591: 1322:of themselves". 1192: 1191: 1172: 1171: 1155: 1154: 1138: 1137: 1117: 1116: 1093: 1092: 1076: 1075: 1062:Yes (since 1971) 1056: 1055: 1036: 1035: 1022:Yes (since 1994) 1016: 1015: 995: 994: 972: 971: 955: 954: 935: 934: 915: 914: 898: 897: 886: 874: 873: 854: 853: 840:Yes (since 2008) 834: 833: 809: 808: 786: 785: 766: 765: 749: 748: 732: 731: 711: 710: 694: 693: 670: 669: 648: 647: 631: 630: 611: 610: 591: 590: 574: 573: 553: 552: 530: 529: 513: 512: 499: 498: 482: 481: 470: 461: 460: 444: 443: 423: 422: 400: 399: 378: 377: 361: 360: 344: 343: 324: 323: 304: 303: 287: 286: 261: 260: 241: 240: 221: 220: 201: 200: 184: 183: 164: 163: 144: 140: 37:Flag desecration 7644: 7643: 7639: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7633: 7624:Protest tactics 7604: 7603: 7602: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7566: 7565: 7561: 7551: 7549: 7547:www.impo.com.uy 7541: 7540: 7536: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7442: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7425: 7421: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7396:, 21 July 2000. 7386: 7382: 7372: 7370: 7369:. Ushistory.org 7365: 7364: 7360: 7350: 7348: 7336: 7332: 7327:on 9 June 2003. 7321:LewRockwell.com 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7273: 7271: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7221: 7219: 7202: 7198: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7173: 7169: 7154: 7150: 7145:. 12 July 2013. 7137: 7136: 7132: 7127:. 12 July 2013. 7119: 7118: 7114: 7107: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7067: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7043: 7041: 7031: 7027: 7010: 7006: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6985:13 October 1999 6978: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6951: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6925: 6921: 6911: 6909: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6881: 6879: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6839: 6834: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6795: 6794: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6740: 6738: 6728: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6692:, 22 March 1985 6682: 6678: 6666: 6662: 6652: 6650: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6584: 6583: 6579: 6569: 6567: 6556: 6552: 6540: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6522: 6520: 6510: 6506: 6494: 6493: 6484: 6483: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6449:"National Flag" 6447: 6446: 6442: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6417: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6376: 6366: 6364: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6307: 6303: 6293: 6291: 6280: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6258:Wayback Machine 6249: 6245: 6240:Wayback Machine 6230: 6226: 6216: 6214: 6213:on 4 April 2022 6210: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6118: 6114: 6106: 6099: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6074:. 21 July 2008. 6064: 6063: 6059: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6018: 6014: 6002: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5909: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5869:. 14 March 2003 5861: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5843:on 14 July 2014 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5729:Utusan Malaysia 5722: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5681:BBC News online 5674: 5673: 5669: 5661:BBC News online 5654: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5564: 5560: 5550: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5514: 5513: 5509: 5499: 5497: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5366: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5252: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5187: 5185: 5173: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5116: 5112: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5069: 5063: 5056: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5006: 5004: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4969: 4965: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4919:Wayback Machine 4910: 4906: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4812: 4808: 4797: 4793: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4747:Wayback Machine 4732: 4728: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4650: 4646: 4645: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4578: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4552:on 30 July 2014 4540: 4539: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4501: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4461: 4457: 4442: 4438: 4423: 4419: 4414:. 8 March 2016. 4406: 4405: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4339: 4332: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4193: 4189: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4081: 4074: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4042: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4020:Court of Appeal 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3930: 3923: 3908: 3901: 3886: 3879: 3864: 3860: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3824: 3815: 3810: 3785: 3768: 3748: 3720: 3692: 3456: 3393:symbolic speech 3373:U.S. v. Eichman 3343: 3325: 3289: 3283: 3206:Queen Elizabeth 3202:Emperor Akihito 3148: 3140: 3120: 3073: 3064: 3039: 3003: 2983: 2955: 2900: 2863: 2854: 2846: 2792: 2780: 2765:Bloodhound Gang 2742: 2722: 2706: 2694: 2649: 2632: 2595: 2582: 2562: 2551: 2549:North Macedonia 2535: 2482: 2474: 2462: 2449: 2413:budgie smuggler 2391: 2383: 2371: 2272: 2261: 2241: 2208:A non-standard 2202: 2182:Charles Haughey 2167:neutral Ireland 2098:flag of Ireland 2090: 2084: 2062: 2054: 2026: 1982: 1974:Main articles: 1972: 1933: 1925: 1876:Strafgesetzbuch 1864: 1853:Alpes-Maritimes 1833:La Marseillaise 1820: 1808: 1783: 1775: 1757: 1721: 1713:Vladimir Vidrić 1697: 1674:Cheng Chung-tai 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1606: 1592: 1583: 1575:National Emblem 1566: 1544: 1532: 1520:Ottawa, Ontario 1501:1995 referendum 1462: 1457: 1451: 1443: 1425: 1399: 1387: 1379:Strafgesetzbuch 1375: 1302: 1273: 1252: 1247: 1241: 1233: 1224: 1209: 1204: 1202:By jurisdiction 1186: 1166: 1149: 1132: 1111: 1087: 1070: 1050: 1030: 1010: 989: 982: 966: 949: 929: 909: 892: 881: 868: 848: 828: 803: 780: 760: 743: 726: 721:4 million fine 705: 688: 664: 655: 642: 625: 605: 585: 568: 547: 537: 524: 507: 493: 476: 468: 455: 438: 417: 411:Egyptian pounds 394: 385: 372: 355: 338: 318: 298: 281: 271: 255: 235: 215: 195: 178: 158: 116:prison sentence 108: 69: 47:, violation of 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7642: 7632: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7600: 7599: 7588:. 19 June 2007 7573: 7559: 7543:"Código Penal" 7534: 7514: 7503: 7482: 7461: 7440: 7419: 7398: 7380: 7358: 7330: 7307: 7281: 7255: 7229: 7196: 7182: 7167: 7162:The Daily Edge 7148: 7130: 7112: 7101: 7089: 7077: 7051: 7025: 7004: 6987: 6972: 6945: 6919: 6889: 6859: 6848: 6837: 6828: 6814: 6788: 6774: 6748: 6722: 6694: 6676: 6660: 6643:"Criminal Act" 6634: 6619: 6591: 6577: 6566:on 12 May 2019 6550: 6504: 6465: 6453:www.nhb.gov.sg 6440: 6435:sso.agc.gov.sg 6422: 6415: 6397: 6388: 6374: 6352: 6330: 6301: 6274: 6262: 6243: 6224: 6192: 6181:. 14 June 2016 6166: 6140: 6112: 6097: 6077: 6057: 6039: 6012: 5991: 5963: 5931: 5903: 5880: 5854: 5821: 5795: 5769: 5743: 5732:. 21 July 2013 5715: 5687: 5667: 5647: 5614: 5586: 5558: 5532: 5507: 5481: 5455: 5448: 5428: 5417:on 30 May 2013 5401: 5375: 5364: 5350: 5346:the law itself 5338: 5305: 5298: 5280: 5266: 5241: 5227: 5207: 5195: 5164: 5136: 5110: 5087: 5054: 5036: 5014: 5003:. Flagspot.net 4992: 4963: 4923: 4904: 4898:978-0745655079 4897: 4877: 4851: 4825: 4806: 4791: 4773: 4751: 4749:, section 104. 4726: 4708: 4696: 4682: 4660: 4636: 4610: 4588: 4563: 4530: 4499: 4481: 4455: 4436: 4417: 4396: 4374: 4352: 4330: 4308: 4294: 4280: 4266: 4238: 4233:www.jusline.at 4220: 4215:www.jusline.at 4202: 4187: 4172: 4146: 4120: 4102: 4072: 4054: 4040: 4026: 4008: 3986: 3968: 3950: 3921: 3899: 3877: 3858: 3843: 3836: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3784: 3781: 3767: 3764: 3747: 3744: 3719: 3716: 3691: 3688: 3680: 3679: 3669: 3666:South Carolina 3659: 3649: 3639: 3629: 3619: 3609: 3599: 3589: 3579: 3572:Jo Ann Emerson 3569: 3559: 3549: 3539: 3529: 3522:Spencer Bachus 3519: 3472:decision, the 3447:'s 1863 poem " 3324: 3321: 3285:Main article: 3282: 3279: 3147: 3146:United Kingdom 3144: 3139: 3136: 3119: 3116: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3038: 3035: 3002: 2999: 2982: 2979: 2954: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2934: 2927: 2899: 2896: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2842: 2822:FIFA World Cup 2791: 2788: 2779: 2776: 2741: 2738: 2721: 2718: 2705: 2702: 2693: 2690: 2648: 2645: 2631: 2628: 2603:flag of Panama 2594: 2591: 2581: 2578: 2570:Otto Jespersen 2561: 2558: 2550: 2547: 2534: 2531: 2506:Bill of Rights 2481: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2461: 2458: 2448: 2445: 2396:Jalur Gemilang 2390: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2370: 2367: 2299:Wǔ Xīng Hóngqí 2271: 2268: 2260: 2257: 2240: 2237: 2210:flag of Israel 2201: 2198: 2190:Grafton Street 2173:students from 2149:, celebrating 2083: 2080: 2061: 2058: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2025: 2022: 1971: 1968: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1921: 1898:European Union 1863: 1860: 1819: 1816: 1807: 1804: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1756: 1753: 1733:United Nations 1720: 1717: 1696: 1693: 1607: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1543: 1540: 1531: 1528: 1493:English Canada 1477:flag of Quebec 1461: 1458: 1455:Flag of Canada 1453:Main article: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1398: 1395: 1386: 1383: 1374: 1371: 1327:Azlan McLennan 1301: 1298: 1290:National Party 1277:National Party 1272: 1269: 1251: 1248: 1243:Main article: 1240: 1237: 1232: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1174:United Kingdom 1163: 1162: 1159: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1129: 1128: 1121: 1108: 1107: 1100: 1097: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1007: 1006: 999: 986: 985: 976: 963: 962: 959: 946: 945: 942: 939: 926: 925: 922: 919: 906: 905: 902: 889: 888: 878: 865: 864: 861: 858: 845: 844: 841: 838: 825: 824: 813: 800: 799: 793: 790: 777: 776: 773: 770: 757: 756: 753: 740: 739: 736: 723: 722: 715: 702: 701: 698: 685: 684: 677: 674: 661: 660: 657: 652: 639: 638: 635: 622: 621: 618: 615: 602: 601: 598: 595: 582: 581: 578: 565: 564: 557: 544: 543: 534: 521: 520: 517: 504: 503: 490: 489: 486: 473: 472: 465: 452: 451: 448: 435: 434: 427: 414: 413: 407: 404: 391: 390: 387: 382: 369: 368: 365: 352: 351: 348: 335: 334: 331: 328: 315: 314: 311: 308: 295: 294: 291: 278: 277: 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6737: 6733: 6726: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6698: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6673: 6669: 6664: 6649:. 14 May 2014 6648: 6644: 6638: 6630: 6623: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6588:. 3 May 2013. 6587: 6581: 6565: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6534: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6500: 6488: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6436: 6432: 6426: 6418: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6378: 6362: 6356: 6340: 6334: 6319:(in Romanian) 6318: 6317: 6312: 6305: 6290:(in Romanian) 6289: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6228: 6209: 6202: 6196: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6104: 6102: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6028: 6027: 6023: 6016: 6008: 6001: 5995: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5967: 5951: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5907: 5891: 5884: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5805: 5799: 5779: 5773: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5671: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5635: 5631: 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