311:
319:
1148:
2219:
197:
2229:
51:
2208:
1138:
411:
297:
in five households used mobile phones as their only source for telephone service in 2013. However, voice over IP (VoIP) services offer an alternative to traditional landlines, allowing numbers to remain in use without being tied to a physical location, making them more adaptable to modern ways of working. The FCC maintains both landline and Voice over IP subscriber numbers to monitor long term trends in usage.
2239:
377:
In Canada, more than one in five of households use cell phones as their only source for telephone service. In 2013, statistics showed that 21% of households claimed to only use cellular phones. Households that are owned by members under the age of 35 have a considerably higher percentage of exclusive
326:
In many countries, landline service has not been readily available to most people. In some countries in Africa, the rise in cell phones has outpaced growth in landline service. Between 1998 and 2008, Africa added only 2.4 million landlines. In contrast, between 2000 and 2008, cell phone use rose from
398:
services can host landline numbers previously hosted on traditional fixed telephone networks. VoIP services can be used anywhere an internet connection is available on many devices including
Smartphones, giving great flexibility to where calls may be answered and thus facilitating remote, mobile and
296:
In many parts of the world, including Africa and India, the growth in mobile phone usage has outpaced that of landlines. In the United States, while 45.9 percent of households still had landlines as of 2017, more than half had only mobile phones. This trend is similar in Canada, where more than one
218:
Landline service is typically provided through the outside plant of a telephone company's central office, or wire center. The outside plant comprises tiers of cabling between distribution points in the exchange area, so that a single pair of copper wire, or an optical fiber, reaches each subscriber
399:
home working, for example. VoIP porting allows landline numbers to remain in use, whilst freeing them from actual landlines tied to one location. This is useful where landline numbers are believed to be preferred by callers, or where it is preferable that legacy landline numbers remain connected.
390:
As of 2023, Estonia and the
Netherlands have retired the legacy parts of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). In the United Kingdom, the analogue copper landline network is due to be terminated in 2025. The VoIP replacement is known as "Digital Voice" (on a BT service) in the UK. France,
386:
In June 2020, it was reported that 60% of
Australian adults used only mobile phones, with no landline. In 2021, only 14.5% of Australian and 29.4% of American households used landline at home. In contrast, 73% of UK households still had a landline connection in 2020 though this could be in part
353:
In 2004, only about 45% of people in the United States between the ages of 12 and 17 owned cell phones. At that time, most had to rely on landline telephones. Just 4 years later, that percentage climbed to about 71%. That same year, 2008, about 77% of adults owned a mobile phone.
339:
to every user than it is to install transmission towers for mobile service that many people can connect to. Some predict that these metallic networks will be deemed completely out of date and replaced by more efficient broadband and fiber optic landline connections extending to
239:. Although mobile and portable systems can be used in fixed locations, efficiency and bandwidth are compromised compared with fixed systems. Mobile or portable, battery-powered wireless systems can be used as emergency backups for fixed systems in case of a power blackout or
843:
234:
and typically refers to the operation of wireless devices or systems in fixed locations such as homes. Fixed wireless devices usually derive their electrical power from the utility mains electricity, unlike mobile wireless or portable wireless, which tend to be
387:
explained by broadband packaging practices. In 2022, 82.9% of German households had at least one landline phone while 73 percent of U.S. households had only a cell phone, 25 percent had a landline and cell service, and 1 percent had only a landline.
334:
In the early 21st century, installations of landline telephones has declined due to the advancement of mobile network technology and the obsolescence of copper wire networking. It is more difficult to install landline
464:
765:
805:
623:
378:
cell phone use. In 2013, 60% of young household owners claimed to only use cell phones. In 2019, 54% of
Canadian households and 80% of French households had a landline telephone.
472:
889:
523:
857:
188:, although sometimes modern fixed phone services delivered over a fixed internet connection are sometimes referred to as a landline (non-cellular service).
1483:
543:
686:
634:
293:
A 2013 International
Telecommunication Union report showed that the total number of fixed-telephone subscribers in the world was about 1.26 billion.
424:
736:
781:
2191:
2163:
2158:
1183:
777:
367:
251:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2150:
1952:
819:
519:
17:
1317:
2242:
2175:
2021:
1032:
932:
494:
327:
fewer than 2 in 100 people to 33 out of 100. There has also been a substantial decline of landline phones in the Indian
1947:
2041:
1047:
154:
608:
1826:
1374:
1176:
1027:
362:
In the year 2013, 91% of adults in the United States owned a mobile phone. Almost 60% of those with a mobile had a
1937:
1932:
1052:
708:
439:
1957:
370:
released May 4, 2017 showed 45.9 percent of U.S. households still had landlines, while 50.8 percent had only
2232:
1993:
1890:
1433:
1228:
1200:
676:
658:
310:
2222:
1729:
1169:
1042:
429:
164:. Landline service is usually distinguished from other more modern forms of telephone services which use
142:
219:
location, such as a home or office, at the network interface. Customer premises wiring extends from the
2081:
2003:
1942:
1649:
793:
749:
560:
318:
1853:
1814:
1659:
1559:
1488:
1421:
1248:
1022:
416:
35:
732:
63:
2212:
1454:
1389:
1342:
1302:
1142:
1017:
220:
2051:
2036:
1880:
1831:
1754:
1654:
1332:
1218:
1213:
1012:
925:
247:
74:
1973:
1759:
1574:
1519:
1514:
1327:
1292:
858:"This week's cellphone outage makes it clear: In the United States, landlines are languishing"
1875:
1679:
1644:
1564:
1544:
1466:
1354:
1275:
350:
wrote "At current rates the last landline in
America will be disconnected sometime in 2025."
181:
1208:
1789:
1749:
1719:
1476:
1411:
1233:
8:
2268:
1799:
1739:
1498:
1460:
1258:
1243:
1114:
1037:
246:
Other aspects of landline is the ability to carry high-speed internet popularly known as
2263:
2026:
1983:
1914:
1784:
1714:
1689:
1624:
1471:
1192:
918:
271:
231:
201:
161:
2066:
1988:
1902:
1885:
1848:
1694:
1524:
1493:
1359:
1253:
1152:
1119:
991:
753:
165:
1734:
2071:
2031:
2011:
1978:
1907:
1865:
1779:
1634:
1619:
1594:
1569:
1529:
1379:
1238:
1223:
874:
575:
240:
806:
Is there a landline phone in your home that can be used to make and receive calls?
59:
1699:
1554:
1322:
1297:
1285:
970:
960:
444:
87:
766:
Share of private households owning a landline phone in
Germany from 1998 to 2022
1897:
1769:
1744:
1704:
1674:
1549:
1384:
1337:
1312:
1270:
1124:
1109:
1078:
287:
150:
79:
160:
Landline services are traditionally provided via an analogue copper wire to a
2257:
2046:
1819:
1809:
1724:
1614:
1609:
1599:
1584:
1406:
1265:
1083:
1057:
395:
346:
283:
236:
185:
169:
1924:
1764:
1709:
1639:
1604:
1539:
1438:
1428:
1280:
965:
624:"Teens and Mobile Phones Over the Past Five Years: Pew Internet Looks Back"
371:
328:
146:
2124:
1774:
1684:
1669:
1629:
1589:
1448:
1073:
600:
579:
336:
890:"Digital Voice and the landline phone switch-off: what it means for you"
2129:
1836:
1534:
1443:
1399:
1369:
1347:
975:
434:
363:
341:
223:("NID") to the location of one or more telephones inside the premises.
31:
196:
58:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
2114:
1579:
1394:
1161:
1088:
996:
941:
275:
255:
134:
83:
495:"UK households: ownership of landline telephones 1970–2017 | Survey"
2109:
2099:
2016:
1841:
1664:
681:
30:"Fixed line" redirects here. For the mountaineering technique, see
344:
and places where telecommunication was much more sparse. In 2009,
2104:
2089:
1307:
366:. A National Health Interview Survey of 19,956 households by the
205:
391:
Germany and Japan are also in the process of replacing theirs.
2134:
2094:
1416:
2119:
2056:
1364:
465:"The World Factbook:REFERENCES :: DEFINITIONS AND NOTES"
279:
910:
314:
Global fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants (1997–2007)
2061:
259:
227:
177:
173:
138:
844:
Penetration of landline phones in France from 1997 to 2019
778:
Mobile-only
Australia: living without a fixed line at home
663:
Pew
Research Center's Internet & American Life Project
1104:
862:
282:
had more than any other country, at 350 million, and the
226:
A subscriber's telephone connected to a landline can be
322:
Total landline vs. mobile phones in Africa (1998–2008)
750:
Landline and cellular telephone use by province, 2019
544:
Voice
Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022
406:
561:"Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa"
2255:
290:had 23.7 million residential fixed home phones.
794:Mobile communications and Internet in Australia
425:Basic exchange telecommunications radio service
141:from the owner's premises also referred to as:
677:"Milestone for cellphones vs. landline phones"
1177:
926:
782:Australian Communications and Media Authority
725:
559:Aker, Jenny C; Mbiti, Isaac M (August 2010).
733:"Residential Telephone Service Survey, 2013"
78:
2192:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
2228:
1184:
1170:
933:
919:
368:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
274:reported approximately 1.263 billion main
252:digital subscriber line access multiplexer
558:
522:. International Telecommunication Union.
331:, in urban and even more in rural areas.
887:
317:
309:
195:
155:public switched telephone network (PSTN)
820:"Do you need a landline for broadband?"
554:
552:
265:
14:
2256:
1191:
855:
817:
601:"The decline of the landline: Unwired"
1165:
914:
881:
2238:
888:Fletcher, Yvette (20 January 2023).
846:by statista. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
808:by statista. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
768:by statista. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
651:
593:
549:
44:
856:Hajela, Deepti (23 February 2024).
735:. Statistics Canada. 23 June 2014.
254:(DSLAM) within the central office,
24:
621:
191:
25:
2280:
689:from the original on 16 June 2017
286:was second with 268 million. The
2237:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2206:
1827:Free-space optical communication
1146:
1136:
739:from the original on 2014-10-23.
611:from the original on 2013-11-08.
568:Journal of Economic Perspectives
409:
49:
849:
837:
811:
799:
787:
771:
759:
743:
701:
526:from the original on 2014-11-21
520:"Fixed-telephone subscriptions"
176:) or other broadband services (
669:
659:"Mobile Technology Fact Sheet"
615:
537:
512:
487:
457:
250:(DSL) which links back to the
13:
1:
940:
818:Knight, Chris (14 May 2024).
450:
300:
209:
27:Physical telephone connection
2213:Telecommunication portal
1994:Telecommunications equipment
1143:Telecommunication portal
709:"10 facts about smartphones"
374:. Over 39 percent had both.
7:
1730:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
430:Plain old telephone service
402:
204:landline telephone made by
10:
2285:
1434:Telecommunications history
546:, August 18, 2023, FCC.gov
29:
2201:
2143:
2080:
2042:Public Switched Telephone
2002:
1966:
1923:
1864:
1854:telecommunication circuit
1815:Fiber-optic communication
1798:
1560:Francis Blake (telephone)
1507:
1355:Optical telecommunication
1199:
1133:
1097:
1066:
1018:Communications satellites
1005:
984:
948:
784:. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
756:. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
417:Telecommunications portal
43:
36:Landline (disambiguation)
1953:Orbital angular-momentum
1390:Satellite communications
1229:Communications satellite
381:
357:
305:
1832:Molecular communication
1655:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1484:Undersea telegraph line
1219:Cable protection system
1013:Cable protection system
248:Digital subscriber line
1974:Communication protocol
1760:Charles Sumner Tainter
1575:Walter Houser Brattain
1520:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1328:Information revolution
323:
315:
215:
34:. For other uses, see
1948:Polarization-division
1680:Narinder Singh Kapany
1645:Erna Schneider Hoover
1565:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1545:Alexander Graham Bell
1276:online video platform
1153:Telephones portal
394:By means of porting,
321:
313:
199:
137:connection that uses
88:"Technology Adoption"
1790:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1750:Almon Brown Strowger
1720:Charles Grafton Page
1375:Prepaid mobile phone
1303:Electrical telegraph
1115:Telephone newspapers
580:10.1257/jep.24.3.207
475:on September 5, 2015
266:Usage and statistics
168:based services over
18:Fixed-line telephony
1740:Johann Philipp Reis
1499:Wireless revolution
1461:The Telephone Cases
1318:Hydraulic telegraph
1038:Mobile phone signal
824:Money Saving Expert
713:Pew Research Center
665:. 27 December 2013.
1938:Frequency-division
1915:Telephone exchange
1785:Charles Wheatstone
1715:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1690:Innocenzo Manzetti
1625:Reginald Fessenden
1360:Optical telegraphy
1193:Telecommunications
1028:Free-space optical
324:
316:
272:CIA World Factbook
216:
162:telephone exchange
86:(2 October 2017).
2251:
2250:
1989:Store and forward
1984:Data transmission
1898:Network switching
1849:Transmission line
1695:Guglielmo Marconi
1660:Internet pioneers
1525:Mohamed M. Atalla
1494:Whistled language
1159:
1158:
992:Answering machine
796:by WorldData.info
754:Statistics Canada
622:Amanda, Lenhart.
278:lines worldwide.
221:network interface
166:Internet Protocol
107:
106:
103:
92:Our World in Data
71:
70:
16:(Redirected from
2276:
2241:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2082:Notable networks
2072:Wireless network
2012:Cellular network
2004:Types of network
1979:Computer network
1866:Network topology
1780:Thomas A. Watson
1635:Oliver Heaviside
1620:Philo Farnsworth
1595:Daniel Davis Jr.
1570:Charles Bourseul
1530:John Logie Baird
1239:Data compression
1234:Computer network
1186:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1105:Fax transmission
1053:Submarine cables
935:
928:
921:
912:
911:
905:
904:
902:
900:
885:
879:
878:
875:Associated Press
872:
870:
853:
847:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
775:
769:
763:
757:
747:
741:
740:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
705:
699:
698:
696:
694:
673:
667:
666:
655:
649:
648:
646:
645:
639:
633:. Archived from
628:
619:
613:
612:
597:
591:
590:
588:
586:
565:
556:
547:
541:
535:
534:
532:
531:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
491:
485:
484:
482:
480:
471:. Archived from
461:
419:
414:
413:
412:
241:natural disaster
214:
211:
102:
100:
98:
72:
53:
52:
45:
41:
40:
21:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2139:
2076:
1998:
1962:
1919:
1868:
1860:
1801:
1794:
1700:Robert Metcalfe
1555:Tim Berners-Lee
1503:
1323:Information Age
1195:
1190:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1110:Telephone calls
1093:
1062:
1001:
980:
971:Satellite phone
961:Cable telephony
944:
939:
909:
908:
898:
896:
886:
882:
868:
866:
854:
850:
842:
838:
828:
826:
816:
812:
804:
800:
792:
788:
776:
772:
764:
760:
748:
744:
731:
730:
726:
717:
715:
707:
706:
702:
692:
690:
675:
674:
670:
657:
656:
652:
643:
641:
637:
631:pewinternet.org
626:
620:
616:
599:
598:
594:
584:
582:
563:
557:
550:
542:
538:
529:
527:
518:
517:
513:
503:
501:
493:
492:
488:
478:
476:
463:
462:
458:
453:
445:Field telephone
415:
410:
408:
405:
384:
360:
308:
303:
268:
237:battery-powered
212:
194:
192:Characteristics
96:
94:
80:Ritchie, Hannah
67:
54:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2282:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Space-division
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Camille Tissot
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:Claude Shannon
1742:
1737:
1735:Tivadar Puskás
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Antonio Meucci
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:Charles K. Kao
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Harold Hopkins
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Emile Berliner
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Videotelephony
1486:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1387:
1385:Radiotelephone
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1271:Internet video
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1079:Misdialed call
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
988:
986:
982:
981:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
950:
946:
945:
938:
937:
930:
923:
915:
907:
906:
880:
848:
836:
810:
798:
786:
770:
758:
742:
724:
700:
685:. 4 May 2017.
668:
650:
614:
592:
574:(3): 207–209.
548:
536:
511:
486:
455:
454:
452:
449:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
421:
420:
404:
401:
383:
380:
359:
356:
307:
304:
302:
299:
288:United Kingdom
267:
264:
193:
190:
174:Fiber-to-the-x
151:telephone line
105:
104:
69:
68:
57:
55:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2281:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1958:Code-division
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Time-division
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:and switching
1867:
1863:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:optical fiber
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Coaxial cable
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Radia Perlman
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Lee de Forest
1613:
1611:
1610:Thomas Edison
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Donald Davies
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Claude Chappe
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Smoke signals
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:Semiconductor
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:Digital media
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Nuisance call
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Fibre-optical
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
983:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
947:
943:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
916:
913:
895:
891:
884:
876:
865:
864:
859:
852:
845:
840:
825:
821:
814:
807:
802:
795:
790:
783:
779:
774:
767:
762:
755:
751:
746:
738:
734:
728:
714:
710:
704:
688:
684:
683:
678:
672:
664:
660:
654:
640:on 2017-08-29
636:
632:
625:
618:
610:
606:
605:The Economist
602:
596:
581:
577:
573:
569:
562:
555:
553:
545:
540:
525:
521:
515:
500:
496:
490:
474:
470:
466:
460:
456:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
407:
400:
397:
396:voice over IP
392:
388:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
355:
351:
349:
348:
347:The Economist
343:
338:
332:
330:
320:
312:
298:
294:
291:
289:
285:
284:United States
281:
277:
273:
270:In 2003, the
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
233:
229:
224:
222:
207:
203:
198:
189:
187:
186:Voice over IP
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:optical fiber
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
65:
64:MediaWiki.org
61:
56:
47:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1925:Multiplexing
1800:Transmission
1765:Nikola Tesla
1755:Henry Sutton
1710:Samuel Morse
1640:Robert Hooke
1605:Amos Dolbear
1540:John Bardeen
1459:
1439:Telautograph
1343:Mobile phone
1298:Edholm's law
1281:social media
1214:Broadcasting
1120:Théâtrophone
1098:Applications
1006:Connectivity
966:Mobile phone
955:
897:. Retrieved
893:
883:
873:– via
867:. Retrieved
861:
851:
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:
813:
801:
789:
773:
761:
745:
727:
716:. Retrieved
712:
703:
691:. Retrieved
680:
671:
662:
653:
642:. Retrieved
635:the original
630:
617:
604:
595:
583:. Retrieved
571:
567:
539:
528:. Retrieved
514:
502:. Retrieved
498:
489:
477:. Retrieved
473:the original
468:
459:
393:
389:
385:
376:
361:
352:
345:
337:copper wires
333:
329:subcontinent
325:
295:
292:
269:
245:
225:
217:
159:
147:Twisted pair
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
108:
95:. Retrieved
91:
73:See or edit
2125:NPL network
1837:Radio waves
1775:Alfred Vail
1685:Hedy Lamarr
1670:Dawon Kahng
1630:Elisha Gray
1590:Yogen Dalal
1515:Nasir Ahmed
1449:Teleprinter
1313:Heliographs
1125:Video calls
1074:Missed call
985:Accessories
869:25 February
585:11 November
504:11 November
479:11 November
372:cell phones
342:rural areas
213: 1997
139:metal wires
75:source data
60:Phabricator
2269:Local loop
2258:Categories
2171:Antarctica
2130:Toasternet
2052:Television
1535:Paul Baran
1467:Television
1451:(teletype)
1444:Telegraphy
1422:transistor
1400:Phryctoria
1370:Photophone
1348:Smartphone
1338:Mass media
976:Photophone
718:2018-12-14
644:2018-09-02
530:2014-10-23
451:References
435:Local loop
364:smartphone
301:Successors
228:hard-wired
127:fixed-line
97:12 October
84:Roser, Max
32:fixed rope
2264:Telephony
2155:Americas
2144:Locations
2115:Internet2
1876:Bandwidth
1580:Vint Cerf
1477:streaming
1455:Telephone
1395:Semaphore
1286:streaming
1089:Phone tag
997:Caller ID
942:Telephony
829:10 August
440:Last mile
276:telephone
135:telephone
123:main line
119:land-line
115:land line
2223:Category
2110:Internet
2100:CYCLADES
2017:Ethernet
1967:Concepts
1891:terminal
1842:wireless
1665:Bob Kahn
1508:Pioneers
1333:Internet
1224:Cable TV
956:Landline
737:Archived
687:Archived
682:CBS News
609:Archived
524:Archived
499:Statista
403:See also
232:cordless
184:) using
131:wireline
111:landline
2243:Commons
2233:Outline
2186:Oceania
2105:FidoNet
2090:ARPANET
1903:circuit
1472:digital
1201:History
899:19 July
469:cia.gov
256:T-1/T-3
206:Siemens
133:) is a
62:and on
2181:Europe
2151:Africa
2135:Usenet
2095:BITNET
2032:Mobile
1908:packet
1417:MOSFET
1412:device
1209:Beacon
894:Which?
693:30 May
202:corded
129:, and
2164:South
2159:North
2120:JANET
2057:Telex
2047:Radio
1886:Nodes
1881:Links
1802:media
1380:Radio
1365:Pager
1293:Drums
1259:video
1254:image
1244:audio
1067:Calls
949:Types
638:(PDF)
627:(PDF)
564:(PDF)
382:2020s
358:2010s
306:2000s
280:China
258:, or
208:from
182:Cable
2176:Asia
2062:UUCP
2022:ISDN
1058:VoIP
1048:PSTN
1043:POTS
1033:ISDN
901:2023
871:2024
831:2024
695:2017
587:2018
506:2018
481:2018
260:ISDN
178:VDSL
143:POTS
99:2019
2067:WAN
2037:NGN
2027:LAN
1308:Fax
1249:DCT
863:PBS
780:by
752:by
576:doi
230:or
157:.
153:or
2260::
892:.
860:.
822:.
711:.
679:.
661:.
629:.
607:.
603:.
572:24
570:.
566:.
551:^
497:.
467:.
262:.
243:.
210:c.
200:A
149:,
145:,
125:,
121:,
117:,
109:A
90:.
82:;
77:.
2194:)
2190:(
1185:e
1178:t
1171:v
934:e
927:t
920:v
903:.
877:.
833:.
721:.
697:.
647:.
589:.
578::
533:.
508:.
483:.
180:/
172:(
113:(
101:.
66:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
