22:
2568:
2503:
2435:
2309:
1967:
2533:
2478:
202:". Diplomatically, however, it carried greater weight; France and the United States were quick to proclaim their adherence to the new principle of free neutral commerce. Britain, which did not, still had no wish to antagonise Russia and avoided interfering with the allies' shipping. While both sides of the
70:. According to one estimate, 1 in 5 merchant vessels were searched by the Royal Navy under this policy. By September 1778, at least 59 ships had been taken prize – 8 Danish (and Norwegian), 16 Swedish and 35 Dutch, as well as others from Prussia. Protests were enormous by every side involved.
25:
A Dutch cartoon depicting a man in a nightshirt (representing
Britain) being attacked by several men (representing the First League of Armed Neutrality and the Bourbon Alliance). He is held by a Swede and a Dane, a Frenchman places a fools cap on his head, a Dutchman places
148:, accepting Russia's proposals for an alliance of neutrals, adopted the same policy towards shipping, and the three countries signed bilateral agreements and then a tripartite convention forming the League in August 1780. The intention was to band their ships together in
3655:
969:
2632:
2331:
164:
planned to join the League in
January 1781, but Britain found out before the treaty could be signed and declared war after it had captured a ship bearing the American diplomat
206:
tacitly understood it as an attempt to keep the
Netherlands out of the League, Britain did not officially regard the alliance as hostile. Throughout the war, most of the
3317:
3745:
2198:
540:
30:
around his ankles, an
American runs away with his clothes, and a Russian is about to hit him with a club; in the background, a merchant fleet sails out to sea.
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The league members remained otherwise out of the war but threatened joint retaliation for every ship of theirs searched by a belligerent. In 1781,
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3715:
2373:
3685:
2719:
3775:
2515:
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2642:
728:
198:
As the Royal Navy outnumbered all their fleets combined, the alliance as a military measure was what
Catherine later called it, an "armed
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456:
250:
357:
3790:
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388:
Britain, Russia, and the Armed
Neutrality of 1780: Sir James Harris's Mission to St. Petersburg During the American Revolution
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1718:
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1702:
840:
692:
21:
2637:
3635:
2158:
1633:
1477:
1456:
1394:
1314:
1177:
912:
832:
797:
306:
87:
2068:
2058:
745:
3805:
3347:
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2422:
2399:
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2230:
2173:
1060:
992:
2339:
1142:
3449:
3074:
2969:
2848:
2828:
2739:
2668:
2490:
1988:
1755:
1448:
1301:
789:
238:
3272:
3124:
2138:
2033:
1271:
3720:
3584:
3139:
2118:
1342:
1291:
1223:
1123:
907:
816:
603:
442:
340:, Volume 1, Editors Alexander DeConde, Richard Dean Burns, Fredrik Logevall, Simon and Schuster, 2001,
91:
63:
3119:
2881:
2013:
3695:
3599:
3184:
2916:
2759:
2614:
2417:
1980:
1856:
1779:
1657:
1641:
3494:
3039:
2871:
2647:
2028:
3725:
3705:
3700:
3307:
3154:
3109:
2439:
2434:
2178:
2008:
1998:
1811:
1795:
1673:
1588:
1435:
1419:
1322:
1096:
660:
2734:
3159:
3114:
2823:
2704:
2381:
2203:
1827:
1734:
1402:
1218:
1161:
1076:
781:
620:
3164:
3059:
2113:
2949:
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2078:
2063:
1936:
1803:
1681:
1427:
1347:
1016:
891:
883:
773:
223:
203:
160:, at war with Britain, pledged to respect the League's neutrality, while Britain demurred. The
79:
1893:
395:
3489:
2803:
2754:
2689:
2220:
2103:
2093:
1971:
1966:
1864:
1819:
1572:
1519:
1337:
1327:
1266:
1256:
1251:
1008:
864:
512:
361:
1548:
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8:
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927:
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176:
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341:
192:
180:
123:
39:
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935:
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3469:
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3257:
3247:
2979:
2906:
2843:
2813:
2585:
2555:
2450:
2153:
2003:
1928:
1665:
1649:
1604:
1540:
1511:
1306:
1185:
1068:
1033:
575:
526:
519:
119:
83:
3388:
491:
3534:
3322:
2999:
2994:
2959:
2709:
2313:
2308:
2210:
2133:
2023:
1993:
1352:
1228:
953:
899:
700:
428:
230:
95:
47:
3179:
3604:
3546:
3352:
3174:
2954:
2674:
2537:
2532:
2482:
2477:
2297:
1485:
719:
188:
161:
137:
127:
421:
3674:
3618:
3589:
3459:
3277:
3054:
2896:
2792:
2684:
2245:
2188:
397:
Russian
Overseas Commerce with Great Britain During the Reign of Catherine II
165:
3084:
3625:
3570:
3484:
3439:
3267:
3149:
2941:
2098:
2083:
2053:
237:, which was far less successful and ended after the British victory at the
207:
199:
3479:
3337:
3227:
3004:
2974:
2123:
1443:
1236:
270:
Armed
Neutralities – International maritime law in the eighteenth century
99:
3577:
3383:
3222:
2838:
2193:
668:
211:
153:
59:
51:
3090:
3217:
2863:
2774:
2357:
1726:
131:
434:
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3378:
3252:
2018:
296:, AS. 2293, letter, Ageno to Serenissima, London, 29 September 1778
107:
55:
27:
562:
156:
although such a declaration would not be accepted by the
British.
118:
was actually present or nearby. The
Russian navy dispatched three
307:"March 11 in Russian history. Armed neutrality. Barsov's grammar"
145:
115:
149:
141:
103:
2633:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
2567:
43:
172:. The Netherlands could not thus join a league of neutrals.
222:
The League ceased to have any practical function after the
111:
46:
powers between 1780 and 1783 which was intended to protect
2607:
2447:
82:
began the first League with her declaration of Russian
3363:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
168:
on his way to Amsterdam to negotiate a loan for the
3595:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
685:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
400:. American Philosophical Society. pp. 127–31.
393:
106:and military supplies. Russia would not recognize
54:'s wartime policy of unlimited search of neutral
3672:
2521:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
3746:Diplomacy during the American Revolutionary War
563:Significant civil and political events by year
450:
210:of the Royal Navy continued to come from the
3616:
3575:
3551:
3532:
2516:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
324:The Battle of Yorktown, 1781: A Reassessment
1203:
251:Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War
2720:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
457:
443:
318:
316:
2985:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
2643:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
2466:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
3417:
701:Nationalization of the Church properties
422:Russia's declaration of Armed Neutrality
20:
3646:Historiography of the French Revolution
2917:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
2628:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
337:Encyclopedia of American foreign policy
313:
110:of whole coasts but only of individual
102:countries without hindrance, except in
90:28 February] 1780, during the
3801:Russian Empire–United States relations
3673:
2653:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
2608:Other significant figures and factions
3716:18th century in the Kingdom of Naples
3521:
3416:
2700:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
2606:
2456:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
2395:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2353:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
1956:
1202:
833:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
561:
464:
438:
3686:Organizations disestablished in 1783
2854:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
2266:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
1957:
1053:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
152:and declare their cargoes not to be
3776:Treaties of the Kingdom of Portugal
3522:
2461:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
16:European Naval Alliance (1780-1783)
13:
3766:Treaties of the Kingdom of Prussia
3651:Influence of the French Revolution
3641:Symbolism in the French Revolution
2405:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
2366:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
621:Convocation of the Estates General
380:
98:to trade by sea with nationals of
14:
3817:
3791:Treaties of the Kingdom of Naples
3786:Treaties of the Kingdom of Sicily
3761:Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire
3681:Organizations established in 1780
3293:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
3025:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
2327:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
2109:François Christophe de Kellermann
1348:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
415:
235:Second League of Armed Neutrality
3020:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
2927:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
2897:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
2788:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
2566:
2531:
2501:
2476:
2433:
2307:
2184:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
1965:
737:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
36:First League of Armed Neutrality
3691:18th-century military alliances
3358:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
3105:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
3030:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
2241:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
2236:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
2216:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
2044:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
962:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
187:joined the League; in 1782 the
3781:Treaties of the Ottoman Empire
3771:Treaties of the Dutch Republic
3756:Treaties of the Russian Empire
3736:Politics of the Russian Empire
3631:Women in the French Revolution
3233:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
2410:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
2074:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
1703:French invasion of Switzerland
350:
329:
299:
287:
274:
263:
1:
3636:Incroyables and merveilleuses
3455:Pierre Claude François Daunou
3243:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
2374:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
2345:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
1642:Naval Engagement off Brittany
1395:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
1369:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
1178:Constitution of the Year VIII
913:Committee of General Security
798:National Legislative Assembly
653:National Constituent Assembly
431:—from a Russian naval history
358:"War with England 1801- 1814"
256:
73:
50:shipping against the British
3554:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
3348:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
3238:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
3135:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
3035:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
2725:Charles Malo François Lameth
2400:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
2231:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
2174:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
1374:Second Battle of Wissembourg
1061:Constitution of the Year III
114:and only if a belligerent's
94:. She endorsed the right of
92:War of American Independence
7:
3751:1780s in the Ottoman Empire
3741:Military history of Prussia
3711:1780s in the Dutch Republic
3450:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
3075:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
3010:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
2970:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
2849:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
2834:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
2829:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
2638:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
2491:William V, Prince of Orange
1361:First Battle of Wissembourg
1318:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
1034:Closing of the Jacobin Club
903:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
860:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
720:Abolition of the Parlements
693:Women's March on Versailles
394:Kaplan, Herbert H. (1995).
244:
10:
3822:
3796:Treaties of Denmark–Norway
3731:American Revolutionary War
3585:French Republican calendar
3140:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
2765:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
2119:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
2069:Charles François Dumouriez
2059:Jacques François Dugommier
1873:League of Armed Neutrality
1706:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
1658:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
1481:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
1460:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
1124:Second Congress of Rastatt
908:Committee of Public Safety
895:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
217:
64:American Revolutionary War
3600:Cult of the Supreme Being
3528:
3517:
3423:
3412:
3371:
3205:
3198:
3083:
2940:
2862:
2773:
2760:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
2666:
2615:Patriotic Society of 1789
2613:
2602:
2564:
2529:
2499:
2474:
2431:
2418:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
2340:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
2305:
2296:
2274:
1979:
1963:
1952:
1921:
1884:
1857:Convention of Alessandria
1839:
1746:
1693:
1624:
1494:
1468:
1385:
1282:
1209:
1198:
1154:
1143:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
1135:
1108:
1045:
981:
876:
809:
758:
712:
604:What Is the Third Estate?
595:
568:
557:
472:
3308:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
3273:Joséphine de Beauharnais
3155:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
3125:François-Nicolas Vincent
3110:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
2284:Charles-Alexandre Linois
2179:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
2159:François Séverin Marceau
2139:François Joseph Lefebvre
2034:Jean-Étienne Championnet
2009:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2004:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
1999:Alexandre de Beauharnais
1989:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
1711:French Invasion of Egypt
1589:Second Battle of Bassano
1323:Battle of Kaiserslautern
1097:Conspiracy of the Equals
790:The Constitution of 1791
661:Storming of the Bastille
191:joined; and in 1783 the
134:to enforce this decree.
3288:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
3160:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3120:Antoine-François Momoro
3115:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
2932:François de Neufchâteau
2882:Charles-François Lebrun
2824:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
2705:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
2581:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
2387:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
2382:Karl Mack von Leiberich
2014:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
1828:Second Battle of Zurich
1719:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1565:First Battle of Bassano
1403:Second Battle of Boulou
1204:Revolutionary campaigns
1162:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
1077:Council of Five Hundred
865:First republic declared
801:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
782:Declaration of Pillnitz
506:Constitutional monarchy
326:(Boydell, 2005), p. 10.
229:It was followed in the
3617:
3576:
3552:
3533:
3045:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
3040:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
2950:Maximilien Robespierre
2783:Jacques Pierre Brissot
2648:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
2079:Louis-Charles de Flers
2064:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
2029:Jean François Carteaux
1804:First Battle of Zurich
1767:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
1722:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
1682:Treaty of Campo Formio
1428:Glorious First of June
1356:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
1315:Expedition to Sardinia
993:Desmoulins guillotined
928:Assassination of Marat
920:Fall of the Girondists
892:Revolutionary Tribunal
884:Execution of Louis XVI
774:Champ de Mars massacre
677:Abolition of Feudalism
386:De Madariaga, Isabel.
224:Treaty of Paris (1783)
204:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
86:on 11 March [
80:Catherine II of Russia
31:
3490:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2755:Jean-Charles Pichegru
2735:Jean-François Rewbell
2221:Jean-Charles Pichegru
2104:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
2094:Jacques Maurice Hatry
1865:Battle of Hohenlinden
1738:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
1573:Battle of Emmendingen
1520:Battle of Castiglione
1407:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
1338:Battle of Hondschoote
1009:Thermidorian Reaction
973:(throughout the year)
746:Fête de la Fédération
672:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
656:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
640:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
427:8 August 2020 at the
24:
3418:Influential thinkers
3165:Jean-François Varlet
3065:Jean-Lambert Tallien
3060:Jean Bon Saint-André
2887:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
2809:Marquis de Condorcet
2658:Nicolas de Condorcet
2423:Dagobert von Wurmser
2256:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
2199:Pierre-Jacques Osten
2114:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
2049:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2039:Chapuis de Tourville
1581:Battle of Schliengen
1528:Battle of Theiningen
1449:Battle of Aldenhoven
1333:Battle of Wattignies
1302:Battle of Neerwinden
1116:Coup of 18 Fructidor
629:Death of the Dauphin
364:on 26 September 2008
282:Sea Lanes in wartime
239:Battle of Copenhagen
170:Continental Congress
3806:Catherine the Great
3505:Mary Wollstonecraft
3283:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3070:Pierre Louis Prieur
3015:Jean-Henri Voulland
2990:Jacques-Louis David
2922:Jean Joseph Mounier
2623:Jean Sylvain Bailly
2261:Belgrand de Vaubois
2149:Jean-Antoine Marbot
2089:Emmanuel de Grouchy
1894:Treaty of Lunéville
1533:Battle of Neresheim
1478:Siege of Luxembourg
1457:Siege of Luxembourg
1412:Battle of Tourcoing
1343:Siege of Bellegarde
1170:Coup of 18 Brumaire
1082:Council of Ancients
857:National Convention
849:September Massacres
825:Brunswick Manifesto
817:France declares war
584:Assembly of Vizille
144:, which also ruled
3343:Loménie de Brienne
3318:Madame de Lamballe
3253:Napoléon Bonaparte
3050:Prieur de la Marne
2965:Camille Desmoulins
2819:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
2695:Jean-Sifrein Maury
2690:Arnaud de La Porte
2546:Alexander Korsakov
2332:Count of Clerfayt
2251:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
2164:Auguste de Marmont
2019:Napoléon Bonaparte
1910:Algeciras campaign
1902:Treaty of Florence
1780:Battle of Stockach
1613:Ireland expedition
1597:Battle of Calliano
1557:Battle of Rovereto
1549:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
1001:Law of 22 Prairial
970:Anti-clerical laws
945:The Death of Marat
766:Flight to Varennes
322:John D. Grainger,
32:
3721:1780s in Portugal
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3542:Cockade of France
3513:
3512:
3475:Antoine Lavoisier
3465:Benjamin Franklin
3445:Anacharsis Cloots
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3328:Louis de Breteuil
3170:Theophile Leclerc
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2551:Alexander Suvorov
2292:
2291:
2226:JĂłzef Poniatowski
2144:Étienne Macdonald
1948:
1947:
1849:Battle of Marengo
1812:Battle of Trebbia
1796:Battle of Cassano
1788:Battle of Magnano
1772:Battle of Ostrach
1674:Battle of Neuwied
1436:Battle of Fleurus
1420:Battle of Tournay
1297:War in the Vendée
1233:Royalist Revolts
1194:
1193:
751:
727:Abolition of the
645:Tennis Court Oath
637:National Assembly
466:French Revolution
346:978-0-684-80657-0
280:Albion and Pope,
96:neutral countries
3813:
3696:1780s in Denmark
3622:
3610:Temple of Reason
3581:
3557:
3538:
3519:
3518:
3470:Thomas Jefferson
3414:
3413:
3333:de Chateaubriand
3263:Joseph Bonaparte
3258:Lucien Bonaparte
3248:Marie Antoinette
3203:
3202:
3190:Sylvain Maréchal
3145:François Hanriot
2980:Louis Philippe I
2907:Louis Philippe I
2902:Philippe Égalité
2844:Olympe de Gouges
2814:Charlotte Corday
2804:Étienne Clavière
2604:
2603:
2586:Antonio Ricardos
2571:
2570:
2556:Andrei Rosenberg
2536:
2535:
2506:
2505:
2481:
2480:
2451:Ralph Abercromby
2438:
2437:
2413:
2390:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2348:
2335:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2207:
2154:Marcellin Marbot
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1958:Military leaders
1954:
1953:
1941:
1933:
1929:Treaty of Amiens
1914:
1906:
1898:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1832:
1831:(25–26 Sep 1799)
1824:
1816:
1815:(17–20 Jun 1799)
1808:
1800:
1799:(27–28 Apr 1799)
1792:
1784:
1776:
1775:(20–21 Mar 1799)
1768:
1760:
1756:Second Coalition
1739:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1666:Treaty of Leoben
1662:
1654:
1653:(14–15 Jan 1797)
1650:Battle of Rivoli
1646:
1638:
1634:Italian campaign
1617:
1609:
1608:(15–17 Nov 1796)
1605:Battle of Arcole
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1541:Battle of Amberg
1537:
1524:
1516:
1512:Battle of Lonato
1508:
1504:Italian campaign
1482:
1461:
1453:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1399:
1378:
1377:(26–27 Dec 1793)
1365:
1357:
1319:
1311:
1307:Battle of Famars
1275:
1200:
1199:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1147:
1128:
1120:
1101:
1093:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1013:
1005:
997:
974:
966:
958:
950:
940:
932:
924:
904:
896:
888:
869:
861:
853:
845:
837:
829:
821:
802:
794:
786:
778:
770:
769:(20–21 Jun 1791)
749:
741:
733:
724:
705:
697:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
641:
633:
625:
617:
609:
588:
580:
576:Day of the Tiles
559:
558:
459:
452:
445:
436:
435:
411:
390:(Yale UP, 1962).
374:
373:
371:
369:
360:. Archived from
354:
348:
333:
327:
320:
311:
310:
309:. 11 March 2009.
303:
297:
291:
285:
278:
272:
267:
84:armed neutrality
68:Anglo-French War
3821:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3726:1780s in Sweden
3706:1780s in France
3701:1780s in Norway
3671:
3670:
3669:
3660:
3535:La Marseillaise
3524:
3523:Cultural impact
3509:
3419:
3400:
3367:
3323:Madame du Barry
3313:Catherine Théot
3303:Thérésa Tallien
3194:
3185:Gracchus Babeuf
3130:François Chabot
3087:
3079:
3000:Georges Couthon
2995:Marquis de Sade
2960:Jean-Paul Marat
2936:
2892:Bertrand Barère
2858:
2769:
2750:Boissy d'Anglas
2745:Madame de Staël
2710:Antoine Barnave
2678:
2671:
2662:
2609:
2590:
2565:
2560:
2530:
2525:
2500:
2495:
2475:
2470:
2432:
2427:
2411:
2388:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2346:
2333:
2322:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
2306:
2288:
2270:
2211:Nicolas Oudinot
2201:
2134:Claude Lecourbe
2129:Charles Leclerc
2024:Guillaume Brune
1994:Pierre Augereau
1964:
1959:
1944:
1939:
1937:Treaty of Paris
1931:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1835:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1490:
1480:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1397:
1381:
1376:
1363:
1355:
1353:Siege of Toulon
1317:
1309:
1292:First Coalition
1278:
1269:
1205:
1190:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1150:
1145:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1011:
1003:
995:
977:
972:
964:
956:
954:Law of Suspects
948:
938:
930:
922:
902:
900:Reign of Terror
894:
886:
872:
867:
859:
851:
843:
835:
827:
819:
805:
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
754:
739:
731:
722:
708:
703:
695:
687:
680:(4–11 Aug 1789)
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
639:
631:
623:
615:
613:RĂ©veillon riots
607:
591:
586:
578:
564:
553:
468:
463:
429:Wayback Machine
418:
408:
383:
381:Further reading
378:
377:
367:
365:
356:
355:
351:
334:
330:
321:
314:
305:
304:
300:
292:
288:
279:
275:
268:
264:
259:
247:
231:Napoleonic Wars
226:ended the war.
220:
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3605:Cult of Reason
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3549:
3547:Flag of France
3544:
3539:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3353:Jacques Necker
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Claire Lacombe
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3100:Jacques HĂ©bert
3096:
3094:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:Georges Danton
2952:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:Henri Grégoire
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2740:Camille Jordan
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2444:
2442:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1974:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1820:Battle of Novi
1817:
1809:
1807:(4–7 Jun 1799)
1801:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1600:(6–7 Nov 1796)
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1515:(3–4 Aug 1796)
1509:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1486:Peace of Basel
1483:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:Siege of Mainz
1325:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1259:
1257:Siege of Mainz
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1089:13 Vendémiaire
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1066:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1014:
1006:
998:
985:
983:
979:
978:
976:
975:
967:
959:
951:
941:
936:Levée en masse
933:
925:
917:
916:
915:
910:
897:
889:
880:
878:
874:
873:
871:
870:
862:
854:
846:
841:10th of August
838:
830:
822:
813:
811:
807:
806:
804:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
762:
760:
756:
755:
753:
752:
742:
734:
725:
723:(Feb–Jul 1790)
716:
714:
710:
709:
707:
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
650:
642:
634:
626:
618:
610:
599:
597:
593:
592:
590:
589:
581:
572:
570:
566:
565:
555:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
488:
481:
473:
470:
469:
462:
461:
454:
447:
439:
433:
432:
417:
416:External links
414:
413:
412:
406:
391:
382:
379:
376:
375:
349:
328:
312:
298:
286:
273:
261:
260:
258:
255:
254:
253:
246:
243:
219:
216:
189:Ottoman Empire
138:Denmark-Norway
75:
72:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3818:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
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3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
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3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
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3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
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3678:
3676:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:Sans-culottes
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:Metric system
3588:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
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3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3389:Panthéon Club
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
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3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3278:Joachim Murat
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
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3236:
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3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3201:
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3191:
3188:
3186:
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3178:
3176:
3173:
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3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Gilbert Romme
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
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2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
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2169:André Masséna
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1764:Siege of Acre
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1735:Peasants' War
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492:Ancien RĂ©gime
489:
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448:
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166:Henry Laurens
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124:Mediterranean
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65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
29:
23:
19:
3626:Phrygian cap
3571:Bastille Day
3485:Thomas Paine
3440:Edmund Burke
3435:Beaumarchais
3429:Les Lumières
3427:
3268:Joseph Fesch
3180:Pauline LĂ©on
3150:Jacques Roux
3089:
2673:
2099:Lazare Hoche
2084:Paul Grenier
2054:Louis Desaix
1913:(8 Jul 1801)
1897:(9 Feb 1801)
1868:(3 Dec 1800)
1791:(5 Apr 1799)
1592:(6 Nov 1796)
1568:(8 Sep 1796)
1560:(4 Sep 1796)
1552:(3 Sep 1796)
1523:(5 Aug 1796)
1452:(2 Oct 1794)
1431:(1 Jun 1794)
1173:(9 Nov 1799)
1119:(4 Sep 1797)
1056:(1 Apr 1795)
1026:White Terror
1019:guillotined
996:(5 Apr 1794)
943:
923:(2 Jun 1793)
793:(3 Sep 1791)
744:
704:(2 Nov 1789)
696:(5 Oct 1789)
624:(5 May 1789)
602:
579:(7 Jun 1788)
546:
539:
532:
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518:
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396:
387:
366:. Retrieved
362:the original
352:
336:
331:
323:
301:
293:
289:
281:
276:
265:
228:
221:
208:naval stores
197:
193:Two Sicilies
174:
136:
77:
42:of European
35:
33:
18:
3495:Abbé Sieyès
3480:Montesquieu
3396:Social Club
3338:Jean Chouan
3228:Louis XVIII
3005:Roger Ducos
2975:Paul Barras
2942:Montagnards
2872:Abbé Sieyès
2675:monarchiens
2483:Netherlands
2412:(Hungarian)
2360:(Hungarian)
2276:French Navy
2202: [
2124:Jean Lannes
1981:French Army
1759:(1798–1802)
1730:(1798–1800)
1714:(1798–1801)
1444:Chouannerie
1405:(Pyrenees)
1270: [
1237:Chouannerie
1029:(Fall 1794)
1017:Robespierre
162:Netherlands
100:belligerent
62:during the
58:for French
3675:Categories
3384:Cordeliers
3298:Talleyrand
3223:Louis XVII
3085:HĂ©bertists
2839:Jean Debry
2669:Feuillants
2298:Opposition
2194:Michel Ney
1616:(Dec 1796)
1224:Thionville
1127:(Dec 1797)
1100:(May 1796)
1092:5 Oct 1795
1069:Directoire
949:(painting)
852:(Sep 1792)
836:(Jun 1792)
669:Great Fear
608:(Jan 1789)
499:Revolution
368:2 November
257:References
212:Baltic Sea
154:contraband
74:Beginnings
60:contraband
52:Royal Navy
3218:Louis XVI
3213:Charles X
2864:The Plain
2775:Girondins
2715:Lafayette
2376:(Walloon)
2358:Pál Kray
2334:(Walloon)
1876:(1800–02)
1727:Quasi-War
1186:Consulate
1072:(1795–99)
527:Consulate
520:Directory
294:AS, Genoa
132:North Sea
120:squadrons
108:blockades
3578:Panthéon
3566:Muscadin
3561:Marianne
3500:Voltaire
3379:Jacobins
3372:Factions
2912:Mirabeau
2368:(French)
1262:Jemappes
1246:Dauphiné
729:Nobility
541:Journals
534:Glossary
513:Republic
485:Timeline
425:Archived
245:See also
185:Portugal
128:Atlantic
78:Empress
56:shipping
40:alliance
28:shackles
3460:Diderot
3206:Figures
3091:Enragés
2797:Father
2508:Prussia
2440:Britain
2389:(Saxon)
2347:(Swiss)
2314:Austria
284:, p. 35
233:by the
218:Endings
200:nullity
181:Austria
177:Prussia
150:convoys
146:Finland
122:to the
116:warship
104:weapons
48:neutral
38:was an
3199:Others
2538:Russia
1972:France
1637:(1797)
1507:(1796)
1242:Vendée
1219:Verdun
1046:1795–6
989:Danton
548:Museum
478:Causes
404:
344:
142:Sweden
130:, and
3656:Films
2573:Spain
2206:]
1274:]
1267:Namur
1252:Lille
1229:Valmy
158:Spain
112:ports
44:naval
3088:and
2672:and
1922:1802
1886:1801
1841:1800
1748:1799
1695:1798
1626:1797
1496:1796
1470:1795
1387:1794
1284:1793
1211:1792
1155:1799
1136:1798
1109:1797
991:and
982:1794
877:1793
810:1792
759:1791
713:1790
596:1789
569:1788
402:ISBN
370:2008
342:ISBN
183:and
140:and
88:O.S.
66:and
34:The
2448:Sir
3677::
2204:fr
1272:fr
315:^
241:.
214:.
195:.
179:,
126:,
458:e
451:t
444:v
410:.
372:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
