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Es-Salam nuclear reactor

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35: 585: 573: 42: 488: 489:"Agreement of 27 February 1992 Between the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in Connection with the Supply of a Research Reactor from the People's Republic of China" 254:(NPT). At the time, the Algerian Ambassador to the United States, Abderrahmane Bensid, called the reactor's protections "normal, not extraordinary". Information leaked from the 273:(IAEA) the ability to inspect the reactor, and the country eventually ratified the NPT in 1995 as a non-nuclear weapons State. Algeria is also party to the 610: 251: 514: 85: 428: 615: 374: 34: 620: 289: 270: 316: 242:
fuel. In the early 1990s, there was fear among American intelligence agencies that the reactor could be used for
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alleged that the reactor could be used for military purposes, and that the reactor could produce enough
563: 605: 577: 278: 208: 321: 247: 344: 463: 243: 400: 8: 231: 212: 120: 375:"Algerian research reactor restarts after upgrades – Nuclear Engineering International" 456:"Algeria to Allow Eventual Inspection of Reactor, Envoy Says [FINAL Edition]" 301: 282: 185: 173: 311: 274: 235: 211:
in Algeria. The reactor can produce 15 megawatts-thermal and its primary uses are
467: 589: 263: 220: 599: 455: 239: 219:, and training. The reactor was supplied by China and built in the region of 161: 100: 87: 227:. It reached criticality in February 1992 and began operation in late 1993. 515:"Algeria Accedes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons" 540: 306: 216: 178: 166: 429:"Bombs from Beijing: A Report on China's Nuclear and Missile Exports" 259: 224: 73: 250:
battery and the fact that the country had not yet ratified the
69: 292:(CNNC) to modernize equipment and extend its lifetime. 561: 246:, in part due to its location near a Soviet-supplied 252:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 215:production, neutron activation analysis, neutron 597: 41: 61:Centre de Recherche Nucléaire de Birine (CRNB) 611:Buildings and structures in Djelfa Province 223:, nearly due south of the capital city of 433:Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control 288:In 2019, the reactor was upgraded by the 598: 453: 49:Location of Es-Salam research reactor 423: 421: 369: 367: 365: 339: 337: 13: 290:China National Nuclear Corporation 271:International Atomic Energy Agency 14: 632: 418: 362: 334: 317:List of nuclear research reactors 583: 571: 40: 33: 616:Research institutes in Algeria 533: 507: 481: 447: 393: 1: 454:Smith, Jeffrey (2 May 1991). 405:The Nuclear Threat Initiative 327: 7: 295: 205:Aïn Oussara nuclear reactor 10: 637: 621:Nuclear research reactors 269:In 1992, Algeria allowed 184: 172: 160: 155: 147: 139: 134: 126: 116: 79: 65: 57: 28: 24:Es-Salam research reactor 23: 279:nuclear-weapon-free zone 209:nuclear research reactor 156:Technical Specifications 16:Algerian nuclear reactor 135:Construction and Upkeep 322:Nuclear power in China 277:, which establishes a 266:within a year or two. 248:surface-to-air missile 244:nuclear proliferation 58:Operating Institution 236:low enriched uranium 203:, also known as the 460:The Washington Post 379:www.neimagazine.com 238:, with 3% enriched 232:heavy-water reactor 213:radiopharmaceutical 121:Heavy water reactor 97: /  578:Nuclear technology 545:treaties.unoda.org 401:"Algeria Overview" 140:Construction Began 521:. 13 January 1995 302:Energy in Algeria 283:African continent 194: 193: 186:Neutron Reflector 174:Neutron Moderator 148:First Criticality 628: 606:Nuclear reactors 588: 587: 586: 576: 575: 574: 567: 556: 555: 553: 551: 541:"UNODA Treaties" 537: 531: 530: 528: 526: 511: 505: 504: 502: 500: 485: 479: 478: 476: 474: 451: 445: 444: 442: 440: 425: 416: 415: 413: 411: 397: 391: 390: 388: 386: 371: 360: 359: 357: 355: 349:nucleus.iaea.org 341: 312:Research reactor 275:Pelindaba treaty 201:research reactor 112: 111: 109: 108: 107: 102: 98: 95: 94: 93: 90: 44: 43: 37: 21: 20: 636: 635: 631: 630: 629: 627: 626: 625: 596: 595: 594: 584: 582: 572: 570: 562: 560: 559: 549: 547: 539: 538: 534: 524: 522: 513: 512: 508: 498: 496: 487: 486: 482: 472: 470: 452: 448: 438: 436: 427: 426: 419: 409: 407: 399: 398: 394: 384: 382: 373: 372: 363: 353: 351: 343: 342: 335: 330: 298: 105: 103: 99: 96: 91: 88: 86: 84: 83: 53: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 634: 624: 623: 618: 613: 608: 593: 592: 580: 558: 557: 532: 506: 495:. 1 April 1992 480: 446: 417: 392: 361: 332: 331: 329: 326: 325: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 297: 294: 264:nuclear weapon 230:Es-Salam is a 192: 191: 188: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 164: 158: 157: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 101:35.63°N 3.22°E 81: 77: 76: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 48: 39: 38: 32: 31: 30: 29: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 633: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 603: 601: 591: 581: 579: 569: 568: 565: 546: 542: 536: 520: 516: 510: 494: 490: 484: 469: 465: 461: 457: 450: 434: 430: 424: 422: 406: 402: 396: 381:. 17 May 2007 380: 376: 370: 368: 366: 350: 346: 340: 338: 333: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 299: 293: 291: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 265: 262:to produce a 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 240:uranium oxide 237: 233: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 199: 189: 187: 183: 180: 177: 175: 171: 168: 165: 163: 159: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 133: 129: 125: 122: 119: 115: 110: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: 64: 60: 56: 36: 27: 22: 19: 548:. Retrieved 544: 535: 523:. Retrieved 519:www.iaea.org 518: 509: 497:. Retrieved 493:www.iaea.org 492: 483: 471:. Retrieved 459: 449: 437:. Retrieved 435:. 1 May 1991 432: 408:. Retrieved 404: 395: 383:. Retrieved 378: 352:. Retrieved 348: 287: 268: 229: 204: 200: 197: 195: 18: 307:NUR Reactor 281:across the 221:Aïn Oussera 217:radiography 179:Heavy water 167:Heavy water 106:35.63; 3.22 104: / 80:Coordinates 600:Categories 550:30 January 525:30 January 499:30 January 473:30 January 439:30 January 410:30 January 385:30 January 354:30 January 328:References 234:that uses 151:1992-02-17 143:1988-01-01 468:307385485 260:plutonium 464:ProQuest 296:See also 198:Es-Salam 190:Graphite 66:Location 590:Algeria 564:Portals 225:Algiers 162:Cooling 89:35°38′N 74:Algeria 466:  345:"RRDB" 130:15 MWt 92:3°13′E 70:Birine 207:is a 127:Power 552:2023 527:2023 501:2023 475:2023 441:2023 412:2023 387:2023 356:2023 285:. 196:The 117:Type 256:CIA 602:: 543:. 517:. 491:. 462:. 458:. 431:. 420:^ 403:. 377:. 364:^ 347:. 336:^ 72:, 566:: 554:. 529:. 503:. 477:. 443:. 414:. 389:. 358:.

Index

Es-Salam nuclear reactor is located in Algeria
Birine
Algeria
35°38′N 3°13′E / 35.63°N 3.22°E / 35.63; 3.22
Heavy water reactor
Cooling
Heavy water
Neutron Moderator
Heavy water
Neutron Reflector
nuclear research reactor
radiopharmaceutical
radiography
Aïn Oussera
Algiers
heavy-water reactor
low enriched uranium
uranium oxide
nuclear proliferation
surface-to-air missile
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
CIA
plutonium
nuclear weapon
International Atomic Energy Agency
Pelindaba treaty
nuclear-weapon-free zone
African continent
China National Nuclear Corporation
Energy in Algeria

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