99:
25:
3146:
1883:
1676:
definitions varies between the first section treating common terms (chapters 1–3) and the second treating specialized terms (4-19). Entries for common terms are defined by grouping synonyms or near-synonyms and explaining them in terms of a more commonly used word, and additional explanations if one
706:(300-230 BCE) with additions as late as 90 BCE, allocates the geographical chapters (9-12) to the late Warring States, Qin, and beginning of Han (300-200 BCE), puts the natural history chapters (13-18) between 300 and 160 BCE, and ascribes the last chapter (19) on domestic animals to the time of
1162:." The received text contains 2094 entries, covering about 4300 words, and a total of 13,113 characters. It is divided into nineteen sections, the first of which is subdivided into two parts. The title of each chapter combines
634:
s compilation between the late 4th and early 2nd centuries BCE, with the possible existence of some core text material dating back to the 6th century BCE, and the continued additions to the text as late as the 1st century BCE.
592:: "The interpretation of the title as something like 'approaching what is correct, proper, refined' is now widely accepted". It has been translated as "The Literary Expositor" or "The Ready Rectifier" (both by
1166:("explain; elucidate") with a term describing the words under definition. Seven chapters (4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 18, and 19) are organized into taxonomies. For instance, chapter 4 defines terms for: paternal clan (
1723:)." (ch. 1). Entries for specialized terms are defined by grouping related words and giving them a description, explanation, classification, or comparison. For example: "A woman calls her husband's father
1190:). The text is divided between the first three heterogeneous chapters defining abstract words and the last sixteen semantically arranged chapters defining concrete words. The last seven – concerning
796:
3033:
3478:
2584:
2239:
2973:
620:, or his disciples, scholarship suggests that someone compiled and edited diverse glosses from commentaries to pre-Qin texts, especially the
2963:
2841:
737:, "making it one of the more revered works in the history of Chinese literature, not to mention lexicography". Although the only ancient
3003:
344:
3496:
3180:
330:
1898:'; 'the mean / meaning', it's correctness. Words in five regions are not similar, yet all are priotized to be near correctness."
2030:. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley. pp.
2232:
3013:
2953:
3243:
700:
School (450-400 BCE), places the family relationships, astronomy, and meteorology chapters (4-8) in the time of Xun Qing
3043:
2125:
2106:
3202:
1895:
3471:
2039:
68:
46:
39:
3558:
2983:
2225:
3602:
3587:
3521:
439:
231:
125:
684:
having a considerable hand in it from c. 325 BCE onwards, and the text was enlarged and stabilized during the
3597:
3173:
141:
3149:
2993:
351:
314:
2639:
960:
3612:
3416:
2874:
2918:
596:), "Progress Towards Correctness" (von Rosthorn), "Near Correct" (Xue), "The Semantic Approximator" (
2217:
3592:
3321:
3280:
3166:
2885:
499:
33:
1879:
668:) chapter (1), while the rest of the text dated from later. The Japanese historian and sinologist
3443:
3427:
3409:
3402:
3377:
3023:
565:
2937:
2211:
2031:
50:
2187:
885:
825:
722:
2118:
Science and
Civilisation in China, Volume 6 Biology and Biological Technology, Part 1 Botany
2023:
848:
Subcommentary"), which quoted many descriptions from both ordinary literature and medicinal
3535:
3450:
3218:
3097:
2821:
2617:
2203:
98:
8:
2685:
2049:
Creamer, Thomas B. I. (1992). "Lexicography and the history of the
Chinese language". In
2015:
1118:
711:
689:
669:
369:
3158:
3126:
2606:
2502:
2252:
2248:
707:
535:
267:
259:
286:
3542:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3259:
3252:
3087:
2513:
2491:
2480:
2447:
2121:
2102:
2035:
2024:
1324:
982:-type books", adopted collation by semantic categories such as Heaven and Earth. The
778:
734:
622:
543:
539:
215:
207:
3528:
3189:
3107:
2896:
2784:
2161:
1791:
1247:
1126:
s derivative literature as the main line of descent for the encyclopedia in China.
651:
172:
3607:
2863:
2707:
2654:
2628:
2524:
2050:
1231:
1219:
589:
588:; "proper; correct; refined; elegant") refers to words or language. According to
111:
1876:
132:
3436:
3384:
3349:
3232:
3211:
2830:
2535:
677:
627:
601:
597:
307:
300:
193:
1886:
quote: "《爾雅》，爾，昵也；昵，近也；雅，義也；義，正也。五方之言不同，皆以近正為主也。" rough translation: "Erya: 爾
584:
574:
560:
383:
3581:
3356:
3328:
3314:
3266:
2392:
2337:
1832:
1151:
965:
770:
681:
612:
The book's author is unknown. Although it is traditionally attributed to the
759:(276–324), there were a number of others, including the (early 1st century)
3565:
3551:
3193:
2806:
2795:
2773:
2762:
2207:
1235:
983:
909:
817:
813:
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276:
179:
2751:
2165:
3514:
3117:
2469:
2414:
2315:
2286:
1215:
726:
685:
593:
323:
3457:
1139:
3342:
2370:
2326:
2247:
1804:
1147:
1008:
955:
In the history of
Chinese lexicography, nearly all dictionaries were
697:
643:
617:
224:
3363:
3225:
2718:
2663:
1474:
1143:
956:
245:
107:
3335:
3273:
2740:
2696:
2425:
2359:
2348:
1871:
1818:
1811:
1203:
1024:
1018:
312:
283:
3063:
2674:
2573:
2403:
1252:
1199:
1112:
801:
756:
659:
402:
2729:
2595:
2458:
2381:
1227:
1223:
1191:
462:
416:
291:
2152:
858:, "pharmacopoeia; herbal") texts. A century later, Lu Dian (
646:(556–627) suggested that the Duke of Zhou only compiled the
3464:
2436:
2116:
Needham, Joseph; Lu, Gwei-djen; Huang, Hsing-Tsung (1986).
1825:
1211:
1207:
1195:
1030:
866:
476:
3479:
Questions and
Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong
2179:
349:
335:
264:
250:
236:
3188:
1957:
1955:
1918:
1916:
820:(960-1279), when there was a revival of interest in the
721:
was considered the authoritative lexicographic guide to
3034:
Lin Yutang's
Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
2099:
The
Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature
1154:. Karlgren explains that the book "is not a dictionary
2097:(dictionaries)". In William H. Nienhauser, Jr. (ed.).
638:
The first attempts to date the different parts of the
504:
2062:
Karlgren, Bernhard (1931). "The Early
History of the
1979:
1967:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1913:
1852:
1122:, were also semantically arranged. Needham takes the
554:
Chinese scholars interpret the first title character
212:
198:
184:
16:
Oldest surviving
Chinese dictionary (3rd-century BCE)
2141:
Journal of the
Chinese Language Teachers Association
1160:
direct glosses to concrete passages in ancient texts
741:
commentary that has come down to us is the (c. 310)
444:
1901:
1677:
of the words had multiple meanings. For instance, "
1104:, A Book of Double-Syllable Words) by Shi Menglan (
733:Confucians officially categorized it as one of the
578:; "near; close; approach"), and believe the second
1794:that have not been fully translated into English.
1281:verbs, adjectives, adverbs, grammatical particles
2585:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
2101:. Vol. 2. SMC Publishing. pp. 165–172.
2072:Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
1038:type books of the subsequent period are the 1579
3579:
1786:Owing to its laconic lexicographical style, the
1666:livestock, pets, poultry, some zoological terms
388:
374:
1068:, A Book of Two-Syllable Words) by Zhu Mouwei (
546:must reasonably date from the 3rd century BC."
2945:
1603:fish, amphibians, crustaceans, reptiles, etc.
696:chapter (1) with the first generations of the
676:text and concluded it originated in the early
481:
467:
3174:
2974:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
2233:
2191:
2092:
2083:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1692:
1682:
1653:
1632:
1611:
1590:
1569:
1548:
1527:
1506:
1485:
1460:
1439:
1418:
1397:
1376:
1355:
1334:
1310:
1289:
1268:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1105:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1063:
1053:
1043:
997:
987:
973:
943:
933:
923:
913:
899:
889:
875:
859:
853:
839:
829:
786:
764:
746:
701:
146:
130:
2134:
2026:Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide
1431:astronomy, astrology, meteorology, calendar
969:. However, a few notable exceptions, called
421:
407:
2842:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
3181:
3167:
3145:
2240:
2226:
97:
3497:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
2964:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
1389:tools, weapons, clothing, and their uses
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
2061:
1985:
1890:, it's 'close'; 'close', it's 'near'. 雅
1858:
1519:rivers, navigation, irrigation, boating
1222:– describe more than 590 kinds of
32:This article includes a list of general
2151:
2115:
2048:
1998:
1973:
1961:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1452:geography, geology, some regional lore
1034:("Increased Erya"). The more important
642:separately began when the Tang scholar
3580:
2055:History, Languages, and Lexicographers
2014:
1907:
564:; "you, your; adverbial suffix") as a
542:concluded that "the major part of its
266:
214:
106:exhibit at Chinese Dictionary Museum (
3162:
3056:
2221:
1763:). After their death they are called
816:(618-907) but had disappeared by the
3014:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
2954:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
2078:
1561:trees, shrubs, some botanical terms
1410:music, musical instruments, dancing
948:, "Subcommentary on Meanings of the
18:
3004:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
1540:grasses, herbs, grains, vegetables
13:
1116:encyclopedias, such as the (1408)
932:") and the naturalist Hao Yixing (
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3624:
3472:Three Strategies of Huang Shigong
2173:
1582:insects, spiders, reptiles, etc.
1323:adjectives, adverbs, mostly with
805:system of pronunciation glosses.
3559:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
3144:
1645:wild animals, legendary animals
992:) categorized and published the
894:) subsequently wrote the (1174)
870:("Increased ya") and the (1099)
23:
1991:
1743:). While alive they are called
600:), and "Approaching Elegance" (
350:
336:
313:
292:
265:
251:
237:
3522:Biographies of Exemplary Women
3044:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
2562:
2557:
2553:
2275:
2135:Von Rosthorn, A. (1975). "The
2120:. Cambridge University Press.
1864:
1230:. It is a notable document of
1028:("Expanded Erya"), and (1125)
908:") interpretation. During the
808:Most of these texts about the
664:
505:
445:
389:
213:
199:
185:
147:
131:
1:
2304:
2057:. Niemeyer. pp. 105–135.
1840:
781:, and the (late 3rd century)
3150:List of Chinese dictionaries
2994:The Five Thousand Dictionary
2984:A Chinese–English Dictionary
1845:
1733:), and her husband's mother
1663:Explaining Domestic Animals
1498:mountains, famous mountains
880:"New Interpretations of the
7:
3552:School Sayings of Confucius
2640:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
2022:. In Loewe, Michael (ed.).
1797:
1302:verbs, adjectives, adverbs
928:, "Correct Meanings of the
918:, 1743–1796) published the
158:approaching what is correct
10:
3629:
3417:Thousand Character Classic
2875:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
2008:
1368:architecture, engineering
1129:
1052:) compiled by Fang Yizhi (
1012:("Little Erya"), (c. 200)
963:, first introduced in the
791:, "Sounds and Meanings of
607:
3506:
3488:
3426:
3394:
3290:
3242:
3201:
3142:
3079:
2936:
2919:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
2910:
2855:
2820:
2653:
2549:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2192:
2139:and Other Synonymicons".
2093:
2084:
2079:Mair, Victor H. (1998). "
1877:"Explaining the Classics"
1779:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1703:
1693:
1683:
1654:
1633:
1612:
1591:
1570:
1549:
1528:
1507:
1486:
1461:
1440:
1419:
1398:
1377:
1356:
1335:
1311:
1290:
1269:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1044:
998:
988:
974:
944:
934:
924:
914:
900:
890:
876:
860:
854:
840:
830:
812:were still extant in the
787:
765:
747:
702:
655:
583:
573:
559:
516:
498:
493:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
456:
438:
433:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
396:
382:
368:
363:
343:
329:
322:
306:
299:
282:
275:
258:
244:
230:
223:
206:
192:
178:
171:
166:
162:
154:
140:
124:
119:
96:
92:
85:
3322:Etiquette and Ceremonial
3281:Spring and Autumn Annals
2886:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
2200:, Chinaknowledge article
2184:Complete text in Chinese
2019:
1320:Explaining Instructions
1158:, it is a collection of
1138:has been described as a
938:) wrote the (1808-1822)
799:, which popularized the
549:
126:Traditional Chinese
3444:The Methods of the Sima
3428:Seven Military Classics
3410:Hundred Family Surnames
3403:Three Character Classic
3378:Classic of Filial Piety
3024:Grammata Serica Recensa
1874:(Explanations of Names)
1172:), maternal relatives (
566:phonetic loan character
534:is the first surviving
142:Simplified Chinese
53:more precise citations.
3350:Commentary of Gongyang
3092:(Tangut; 12th century)
2292:(first millennium BCE)
2212:National Palace Museum
1717:also means 'to fill' (
1624:wildfowl, ornithology
959:by graphic systems of
834:) wrote the (c. 1000)
375:
3603:Chinese encyclopedias
3588:Chinese classic texts
3357:Commentary of Guliang
2308: 3rd century BC
2166:10.1353/dic.1982.0009
1836:, Babylonian glossary
1495:Explaining Mountains
1365:Explaining Dwellings
1344:Explaining Relatives
1178:), wife's relatives (
986:scholar Lang Kuijin (
886:Southern Song dynasty
826:Northern Song dynasty
723:Chinese classic texts
692:. Naitō connects the
3598:Chinese dictionaries
3536:Four Books for Women
3451:Six Secret Teachings
3219:Doctrine of the Mean
3098:Pentaglot Dictionary
2618:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
1386:Explaining Utensils
1278:Explaining the Old
1016:("Lost Erya" or the
568:for the homophonous
440:Revised Romanization
331:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
2686:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
1707:) all mean 'high' (
1579:Explaining Insects
1119:Yongle Encyclopedia
884:") commentary. The
864:) wrote the (1096)
828:scholar Xing Bing (
712:Emperor Jing of Han
690:Western Han dynasty
370:Vietnamese alphabet
3127:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
3080:In other languages
2607:Zhongwen Da Cidian
2503:Zhonghua Da Zidian
2253:Chinese characters
2251:for scripts using
1896:the mean / meaning
1642:Explaining Beasts
1600:Explaining Fishes
1537:Explaining Plants
1516:Explaining Rivers
1428:Explaining Heaven
1347:kinship, marriage
961:character radicals
888:scholar Luo Yuan (
714:(180 to 140 BCE).
536:Chinese dictionary
3613:Thirteen Classics
3575:
3574:
3543:Lessons for Women
3343:Commentary of Zuo
3308:Book of Documents
3301:Classic of Poetry
3292:Thirteen Classics
3260:Book of Documents
3253:Classic of Poetry
3156:
3155:
3138:
3137:
3088:Pearl in the Palm
3075:
3074:
2932:
2931:
2768:(c. 12th century)
2514:Xinhua Dictionary
2492:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
2481:Kangxi Dictionary
2442:(c. 11th century)
2018:(1993). "Erh ya"
1880:Sibu congkan 四部叢刊
1670:
1669:
1621:Explaining Birds
1558:Explaining Trees
1470:Explaining Hills
1449:Explaining Earth
1407:Explaining Music
1299:Explaining Words
1184:), and marriage (
735:Thirteen Classics
680:period, with the
630:et al. place the
540:Bernhard Karlgren
538:. The sinologist
520:
519:
512:
511:
452:
451:
359:
358:
232:Yale Romanization
173:Standard Mandarin
79:
78:
71:
3620:
3529:Classic of Music
3190:Chinese classics
3183:
3176:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3148:
3147:
3131:
3123:
3113:
3112:(Japanese; 1960)
3108:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
3103:
3093:
3068:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2943:
2942:
2925:
2903:
2897:Longkan Shoujian
2892:
2881:
2870:
2848:
2837:
2836:(c. 1st century)
2813:
2802:
2791:
2785:Zhongyuan Yinyun
2780:
2769:
2758:
2747:
2736:
2725:
2714:
2703:
2692:
2681:
2670:
2646:
2635:
2624:
2613:
2602:
2591:
2580:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2542:
2531:
2520:
2509:
2498:
2487:
2476:
2465:
2454:
2443:
2432:
2421:
2420:(c. 7th century)
2410:
2399:
2398:(c. 4th century)
2388:
2377:
2366:
2355:
2344:
2333:
2322:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2293:
2277:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2195:
2194:
2169:
2148:
2131:
2112:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2058:
2045:
2029:
2016:Coblin, W. South
2002:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1792:Chinese classics
1790:is one of a few
1782:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1657:
1656:
1636:
1635:
1615:
1614:
1594:
1593:
1573:
1572:
1552:
1551:
1531:
1530:
1510:
1509:
1489:
1488:
1464:
1463:
1443:
1442:
1422:
1421:
1401:
1400:
1380:
1379:
1359:
1358:
1338:
1337:
1314:
1313:
1293:
1292:
1272:
1271:
1241:
1240:
1220:domestic animals
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1001:
1000:
991:
990:
977:
976:
947:
946:
937:
936:
927:
926:
917:
916:
904:, "Wings to the
903:
902:
893:
892:
879:
878:
863:
862:
857:
856:
843:
842:
833:
832:
790:
789:
777:Commentary") by
768:
767:
755:Commentary") by
750:
749:
705:
704:
666:
657:
587:
577:
563:
508:
507:
491:
490:
485:
484:
471:
470:
448:
447:
431:
430:
425:
424:
411:
410:
392:
391:
378:
355:
354:
353:
339:
338:
318:
317:
316:
295:
294:
271:
270:
269:
254:
253:
240:
239:
219:
218:
217:
202:
201:
188:
187:
164:
163:
150:
149:
136:
135:
101:
83:
82:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3593:Confucian texts
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3502:
3484:
3422:
3390:
3286:
3238:
3197:
3187:
3157:
3152:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3071:
3066:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2946:Chinese–English
2928:
2923:
2906:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2868:
2864:Jingdian Shiwen
2851:
2846:
2835:
2816:
2811:
2800:
2789:
2778:
2767:
2756:
2745:
2734:
2723:
2712:
2708:Yunhai jingyuan
2701:
2690:
2679:
2668:
2649:
2644:
2633:
2629:Hanyu Da Cidian
2622:
2611:
2600:
2589:
2578:
2551:
2545:
2540:
2529:
2525:Hanyu Da Zidian
2518:
2507:
2496:
2485:
2474:
2463:
2452:
2441:
2430:
2419:
2408:
2397:
2386:
2375:
2364:
2353:
2342:
2331:
2320:
2307:
2302:
2291:
2268:
2255:
2246:
2176:
2128:
2109:
2051:Ladislav Zgusta
2042:
2021:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1800:
1234:and historical
1232:natural history
1146:, synonymicon,
1132:
1088:) by Wu Yujin (
1048:, Analogous to
1006:, (c. 150 BCE)
912:, Shao Jinhan (
761:Erya Fanshi zhu
610:
590:W. South Coblin
552:
364:Vietnamese name
337:*nʔ N-ɢˤraʔ
155:Literal meaning
115:
112:Shanxi Province
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3626:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3437:The Art of War
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3212:Great Learning
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3124:
3122:(French; 2001)
3118:Le Grand Ricci
3114:
3104:
3102:(Manchu; 1794)
3094:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3020:
3010:
3000:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2960:
2949:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2838:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2803:
2801:(17th century)
2792:
2781:
2779:(14th century)
2770:
2759:
2748:
2737:
2726:
2715:
2704:
2693:
2682:
2671:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2636:
2625:
2614:
2603:
2592:
2581:
2569:
2567:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:Zhonghua Zihai
2532:
2521:
2510:
2499:
2488:
2477:
2466:
2455:
2444:
2433:
2422:
2411:
2400:
2389:
2378:
2367:
2356:
2345:
2334:
2323:
2312:
2294:
2282:
2280:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2201:
2185:
2175:
2174:External links
2172:
2171:
2170:
2149:
2132:
2127:978-0521087315
2126:
2113:
2108:978-0253334565
2107:
2076:
2059:
2046:
2040:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1978:
1976:, p. 155.
1966:
1964:, p. 192.
1951:
1949:, p. 112.
1939:
1937:, p. 190.
1927:
1925:, p. 191.
1912:
1900:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1799:
1796:
1672:The format of
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1131:
1128:
678:Warring States
670:Naitō Torajirō
628:Joseph Needham
609:
606:
551:
548:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
502:
496:
495:
494:Transcriptions
487:
486:
479:
473:
472:
465:
459:
458:
454:
453:
450:
449:
442:
436:
435:
434:Transcriptions
427:
426:
419:
413:
412:
405:
399:
398:
394:
393:
386:
380:
379:
372:
366:
365:
361:
360:
357:
356:
347:
341:
340:
333:
327:
326:
320:
319:
310:
308:Middle Chinese
304:
303:
301:Middle Chinese
297:
296:
289:
280:
279:
273:
272:
262:
256:
255:
248:
242:
241:
234:
228:
227:
225:Yue: Cantonese
221:
220:
210:
204:
203:
196:
190:
189:
182:
176:
175:
169:
168:
167:Transcriptions
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
144:
138:
137:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
102:
94:
93:
90:
89:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3625:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3329:Book of Rites
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3315:Rites of Zhou
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3267:Book of Rites
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3244:Five Classics
3241:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3151:
3141:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2757:(before 1161)
2754:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2376:(3rd century)
2373:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2343:(2nd century)
2340:
2339:
2338:Shuowen Jiezi
2335:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2147:(3): 137–145.
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2041:1-55729-043-1
2037:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2001:, p. 151
2000:
1994:
1988:, p. 46.
1987:
1986:Karlgren 1931
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1910:, p. 94.
1909:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:p. 107 of 142
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1861:, p. 49.
1860:
1859:Karlgren 1931
1855:
1851:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1700:
1690:
1680:
1675:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:reduplication
1322:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:encyclopaedia
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1002:"Five yas"):
995:
985:
981:
972:
968:
967:
966:Shuowen Jiezi
962:
958:
953:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
907:
897:
887:
883:
873:
869:
868:
851:
847:
837:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
803:
798:
794:
784:
780:
776:
772:
762:
758:
754:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:Jixia Academy
679:
675:
672:analyzed the
671:
667:
661:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
633:
629:
625:
624:
619:
615:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
567:
562:
557:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
527:
526:
515:
503:
501:
497:
492:
488:
480:
478:
474:
466:
464:
460:
457:Japanese name
455:
443:
441:
437:
432:
428:
420:
418:
414:
406:
404:
400:
395:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
371:
367:
362:
352:/*njelʔŋraːʔ/
348:
346:
342:
334:
332:
328:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
302:
298:
290:
288:
285:
281:
278:
274:
268:
263:
261:
257:
249:
247:
243:
235:
233:
229:
226:
222:
216:
211:
209:
205:
197:
195:
191:
183:
181:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
145:
143:
139:
134:
129:
127:
123:
118:
113:
109:
105:
100:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
73:
70:
62:
59:February 2022
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3495:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3395:San Bai Qian
3383:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3116:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2917:
2911:Biographical
2895:
2884:
2873:
2862:
2840:
2829:
2807:Peiwen Yunfu
2805:
2796:Qi Lin Bayin
2794:
2783:
2774:Menggu Ziyun
2772:
2763:Pingshui Yun
2761:
2750:
2739:
2728:
2717:
2706:
2695:
2684:
2673:
2662:
2638:
2627:
2616:
2605:
2594:
2583:
2572:
2561:
2534:
2523:
2512:
2501:
2490:
2479:
2468:
2457:
2446:
2435:
2424:
2413:
2402:
2391:
2380:
2369:
2358:
2347:
2336:
2325:
2314:
2297:
2296:
2285:
2274:
2249:Dictionaries
2208:Song dynasty
2196:
2188:
2180:
2157:
2154:Dictionaries
2153:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2117:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2025:
1999:tr. Xue 1982
1993:
1981:
1974:tr. Xue 1982
1969:
1962:Needham 1986
1947:Creamer 1992
1942:
1935:Needham 1986
1930:
1923:Needham 1986
1903:
1891:
1887:
1870:
1866:
1854:
1833:Urra=hubullu
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1698:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1473:topography,
1257:Translation
1236:biogeography
1216:wild animals
1163:
1159:
1156:in abstracto
1155:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1095:
1094:), and 1864
1085:
1075:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:), (c. 230)
1017:
1013:
1007:
1003:
993:
984:Ming dynasty
979:
970:
964:
954:
949:
939:
929:
920:Erya Zhengyi
919:
910:Qing dynasty
905:
895:
881:
871:
865:
849:
845:
835:
821:
818:Song dynasty
814:Tang dynasty
809:
807:
800:
792:
782:
774:
760:
752:
742:
738:
731:Song dynasty
718:
716:
693:
673:
663:
647:
639:
637:
631:
621:
614:Duke of Zhou
611:
579:
569:
555:
553:
530:
529:
524:
523:
521:
500:Romanization
277:Southern Min
180:Hanyu Pinyin
120:Chinese name
103:
86:
80:
65:
56:
37:
3515:Bai Hu Tong
3489:Mathematics
2889:一切經音義 (慧琳)
2878:一切經音義 (玄英)
2470:Zhengzitong
2415:Ganlu Zishu
2321:(c. 220 BC)
2316:Cangjiepian
2287:Shizhoupian
2260:Monolingual
2210:edition in
2160:: 151–169.
1908:Coblin 1993
1110:). Chinese
1074:), c. 1745
727:Han dynasty
725:during the
708:Emperor Wen
397:Korean name
324:Old Chinese
51:introducing
3582:Categories
3458:Wei Liaozi
3203:Four Books
2856:Exegetical
2845:現代漢語方言大詞典
2332:(c. 40 BC)
2267:Characters
2206:of a rare
2197:Dictionary
2074:(3): 1–59.
1841:References
1140:dictionary
1084:, Another
940:Erya yishu
872:Erya Xinyi
783:Erya Yinyi
345:Zhengzhang
194:Wade–Giles
34:references
3194:Confucian
2938:Bilingual
2822:Varieties
2752:Qiyin lüe
2643:现代汉语规范词典
2371:Xiao Erya
2327:Jijiupian
2068:Tso Chuan
1846:Citations
1805:Xiao Erya
1576:Shichong
1148:thesaurus
1009:Xiao Erya
698:Confucian
644:Lu Deming
618:Confucius
238:Yíh-ngáah
3364:Analects
3226:Analects
3130:(Korean)
2922:中國人名大辭典
2891:(c. 807)
2880:(c. 649)
2869:(c. 583)
2719:Guangyun
2669:(c. 230)
2664:Shenglei
2588:教育部國語辭典
2409:(c. 543)
2387:(c. 350)
2365:(c. 230)
2354:(c. 200)
2214:(Taipei)
2189:The Erya
2181:The Erya
2090:tzu-tien
2070:Texts".
1894:, it's '
1882:version
1798:See also
1639:Shishou
1618:Shiniao
1513:Shishui
1492:Shishan
1475:Fengshui
1425:Shitian
1362:Shigong
1260:Subject
1244:Chapter
1204:reptiles
1144:glossary
1058:), 1587
957:collated
836:Erya shu
743:Erya zhu
315:/ȵiᴇŋˠa/
246:Jyutping
108:Jincheng
3385:Mencius
3336:I Ching
3274:I Ching
3233:Mencius
2831:Fangyan
2741:Yunjing
2697:Tangyun
2689:刊謬補缺切韻
2621:现代汉语词典
2426:Leipian
2360:Guangya
2349:Shiming
2081:Tzu-shu
2064:Chou Li
2053:(ed.).
2009:Sources
1997:ch. 4,
1872:Shiming
1819:Guangya
1812:Shiming
1765:xiānjiù
1697:), and
1660:Shichu
1534:Shicao
1467:Shiqiu
1404:Shiyue
1341:Shiqin
1317:Shixun
1296:Shiyan
1248:Chinese
1200:insects
1192:grasses
1130:Content
1025:Guangya
1019:Shiming
797:Sun Yan
779:Liu Xin
769:, "Mr.
652:Chinese
623:Shijing
608:History
598:Needham
544:glosses
384:Chữ Hán
376:Nhĩ Nhã
284:Hokkien
252:Ji-ngaa
47:improve
3608:Leishu
3507:Others
3067:(1997)
3064:CEDICT
3057:Online
3048:(1996)
3038:(1972)
3028:(1957)
3018:(1947)
3008:(1931)
2998:(1926)
2988:(1892)
2978:(1874)
2968:(1842)
2958:(1823)
2924:(1921)
2847:(2002)
2812:(1711)
2790:(1324)
2746:(1161)
2735:(1037)
2724:(1008)
2675:Qieyun
2645:(2004)
2634:(1994)
2632:漢語大詞典
2623:(1978)
2612:(1968)
2610:中文大辭典
2601:(1938)
2590:(1926)
2579:(1915)
2574:Ciyuan
2541:(1994)
2530:(1989)
2528:漢語大字典
2519:(1957)
2508:(1915)
2506:中華大字典
2497:(1815)
2495:說文解字注
2486:(1716)
2475:(1627)
2464:(1615)
2453:(1254)
2448:Zitong
2431:(1066)
2404:Yupian
2393:Ziyuan
2137:Erh-ya
2124:
2105:
2038:
1775:xiāngū
1773:) and
1753:) and
1745:jūnjiù
1597:Shiyu
1555:Shimu
1477:terms
1446:Shidi
1383:Shiqi
1275:Shigu
1253:Pinyin
1218:, and
1150:, and
1113:leishu
1060:Pianya
1040:Tongya
896:Eryayi
850:bencao
824:. The
802:fanqie
795:") by
757:Guo Pu
729:, and
662::
660:pinyin
654::
531:Erh-ya
403:Hangul
293:Ní-ngá
200:Erh-ya
36:, but
3566:Xunzi
3465:Wu Zi
3196:texts
2902:(997)
2900:龍龕手鑒
2867:經典釋文
2810:佩文韻府
2799:戚林八音
2788:中原音韻
2777:蒙古字韻
2730:Jiyun
2713:(780)
2711:韻海鏡源
2702:(732)
2691:(706)
2680:(601)
2596:Cihai
2550:Words
2539:中华字海
2517:新华字典
2484:康熙字典
2459:Zihui
2418:干祿字書
2382:Zilin
2341:說文解字
2204:photo
2034:–99.
1755:jūngū
1715:Chóng
1699:chóng
1228:fauna
1224:flora
1212:birds
1196:trees
1124:Erya'
1096:Dieya
1076:Bieya
1036:Erya-
971:yashu
766:爾雅樊氏注
694:Shigu
665:Shìgǔ
648:Shigu
632:Erya'
594:Legge
550:Title
463:Kanji
417:Hanja
3371:Erya
3192:and
2766:平水韻
2755:七音略
2655:Rime
2473:正字通
2437:Piya
2374:小爾雅
2330:急就篇
2319:倉頡篇
2298:Erya
2290:史籀篇
2122:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2066:and
2036:ISBN
1826:Piya
1788:Erya
1689:sōng
1679:Qiáo
1674:Erya
1226:and
1208:fish
1202:and
1136:Erya
1134:The
1086:Erya
1050:Erya
1031:Piya
1014:Yiya
1004:Erya
994:Wuya
952:").
950:Erya
945:爾雅義疏
930:Erya
925:爾雅正義
906:Erya
882:Erya
877:爾雅新義
867:Piya
846:Erya
822:Erya
810:Erya
793:Erya
788:爾雅音義
775:Erya
753:Erya
739:Erya
719:Erya
717:The
688:and
674:Erya
640:Erya
602:Mair
525:Erya
522:The
506:Jiga
477:Kana
186:Ěryǎ
104:Erya
87:Erya
2834:方言
2744:韻鏡
2733:集韻
2722:廣韻
2700:唐韻
2678:切韻
2667:聲類
2599:辭海
2577:辭源
2462:字彙
2451:字通
2440:埤雅
2429:類篇
2407:玉篇
2396:字苑
2385:字林
2363:廣雅
2352:釋名
2301:爾雅
2162:doi
2088:or
1783:).
1725:jiù
1713:).
1687:),
1650:19
1629:18
1608:17
1587:16
1566:15
1545:14
1524:13
1503:12
1482:11
1457:10
1164:shi
1107:史夢蘭
1091:吴玉搢
1071:朱謀㙔
1055:方以智
989:郎奎金
935:郝懿行
915:邵晋涵
901:爾雅翼
844:, "
841:爾雅疏
773:'s
771:Fan
751:, "
748:爾雅注
710:or
686:Qin
604:).
528:or
287:POJ
260:IPA
208:IPA
3584::
2563:cí
2560:;
2305:c.
2276:zì
2273:;
2193:爾雅
2156:.
2145:10
2143:.
2094:字典
2085:字書
2032:94
2020:爾雅
1954:^
1915:^
1892:yǎ
1888:ěr
1780:先姑
1770:先舅
1760:君姑
1750:君舅
1735:gū
1655:釋畜
1634:釋獸
1613:釋鳥
1592:釋魚
1571:釋蟲
1550:釋木
1529:釋草
1508:釋水
1487:釋山
1462:釋丘
1441:釋地
1436:9
1420:釋天
1415:8
1399:釋樂
1394:7
1378:釋器
1373:6
1357:釋宮
1352:5
1336:釋親
1331:4
1312:釋訓
1307:3
1291:釋言
1286:2
1270:釋詁
1265:1
1238:.
1214:,
1210:,
1206:,
1198:,
1194:,
1187:婚姻
1181:妻黨
1175:母黨
1169:宗族
1142:,
1101:疊雅
1081:別雅
1065:駢雅
1045:通雅
999:五雅
980:ya
975:雅書
891:羅願
861:陸佃
855:本草
831:邢昺
703:荀卿
658:;
656:釋詁
626:.
616:,
580:yǎ
570:ěr
556:ěr
483:じが
469:爾雅
446:Ia
423:爾雅
409:이아
390:爾雅
148:尔雅
133:爾雅
110:,
3182:e
3175:t
3168:v
2566:)
2558:词
2556:／
2554:詞
2552:(
2310:)
2303:(
2279:)
2271:字
2269:(
2241:e
2234:t
2227:v
2168:.
2164::
2158:4
2130:.
2111:.
2044:.
1777:(
1767:(
1757:(
1747:(
1740:姑
1737:(
1730:舅
1727:(
1720:充
1710:高
1704:崇
1701:(
1694:嵩
1691:(
1684:喬
1681:(
1098:(
1078:(
1062:(
1042:(
996:(
978:"
942:(
922:(
898:(
874:(
852:(
838:(
785:(
763:(
745:(
650:(
585:雅
582:(
575:邇
572:(
561:爾
558:(
114:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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