1528:
46:
3662:
1514:
970:
In late
Antiquity, the office gained in effective power, as the imperial court was removed from the city, meaning that the prefects were no longer under the emperor's direct supervision. The office was usually held by leading members of Italy's senatorial aristocracy, who remained largely
1095:
The prefect was solely responsible for the administration of the city of
Constantinople and its immediate area. His tasks were manifold, ranging from the maintenance of order to the regulation and supervision of all guilds, corporations and public institutions. The city police, the
937:), were placed under his command. The Prefect also had the duty of publishing the laws promulgated by the Emperor, and as such acquired a legal jurisdiction. This extended to legal cases between slaves and their masters, patrons and their
1159:
In the middle
Byzantine period (7th–12th centuries), the prefect was regarded as the supreme judge in the capital, after the emperor himself. His role in the economical life of the city was also of principal importance. The 10th-century
1078:. The prefect was also the formal head of the Senate, presiding over its meetings. Hence, the prefect's nomination had to be formally ratified by the Senate, and unlike the other senior administrative positions of the state (
786:(Prefect of the City of Rome), and was stripped of most of its powers and responsibilities, becoming a merely ceremonial post. Most of the office's powers and responsibilities had been transferred to the urban praetor (
1156:(κοιαισίτωρ) was established and tasked with limiting the uncontrolled immigration to the city from the provinces, with supervising public mores, and with prosecuting sexual offenders and heretics.
912:, as well as its monuments. The provisioning of the city's large population with the grain dole was especially important; when the Prefect failed to secure adequate supplies, riots often broke out.
1831:
963:
were subject to the
Prefect's jurisdiction. The Prefect also possessed judicial powers over criminal matters. Originally these powers were exercised in conjunction with those of the
2541:
1074:
in the imperial hierarchy. As such, the office possessed great prestige and extensive authority, and was one of the few high state offices which could not be occupied by a
1050:
and set it as equal to that of Rome. Correspondingly, on 11 September or 11 December 359, Constantinople was also granted an urban prefect, commonly called in
English the
1166:
stipulates the various rules for the various guilds that fell under the prefect's authority. The prefect was also responsible for the appointment of the teachers to the
1064:). The prefect was one of the emperor's chief lieutenants: like his Roman counterpart, the Constantinopolitan prefect was a member of the highest senatorial class, the
2774:
976:
596:
645:, and the last urban prefect of Rome, named Iohannes, is attested in 599. In the East, in Constantinople, the office survived until the 13th century.
1754:
947:
towards their parents. Gradually, the judicial powers of the
Prefect expanded, as the Prefect's office began to re-assume its old powers from the
1196:
3650:
2004:
1905:
1243:
The office continued until the early 13th century with its functions and authority relatively intact, and may possibly have survived into the
3338:
1915:
1848:
1863:
1858:
1126:, "night prefect"). In the 530s, however, some authority for the policing and regulation of the city passed to two new offices, created by
804:
no longer held the power to convoke the Senate, or the right of speaking in it, and was appointed by the
Consuls instead of being elected.
2939:
1925:
1900:
3290:
3273:
1930:
1910:
753:
exercised within the city all the powers of the consuls if they were absent from Rome. These powers included: convoking the Senate and
3694:
2989:
2835:
2807:
2451:
2443:
1920:
1853:
1150:
in Latin), who commanded 20 soldiers and 30 firemen, was put in charge of policing and firefighting, while in 539, the office of the
1086:) with their military connotations, the office's ancient and purely civilian origins were emphasized by the prefect's wearing of the
3185:
2546:
1011:
17:
3034:
1228:(παραθαλασσίτης), an official responsible for the capital's seashore and ports, as well as their tolls, and several inspectors (
3514:
3039:
1255:
of the city. After the reconquest of the city by the
Byzantines, however, the office of the Eparch was replaced throughout the
589:
193:
858:
all the powers needed to maintain order within the city. The office's powers also extended beyond Rome itself to the ports of
569:
3438:
2198:
2191:
1747:
1723:
1698:
1624:
1605:
183:
3190:
3049:
2337:
705:
Under the kings, only three men held the position. The first king
Romulus appointed Denter Romulius to serve as the first
2181:
354:
3704:
3519:
2932:
1564:
176:
159:
3620:
2186:
1674:
1649:
582:
154:
1106:), came under the prefect's authority, and the city jail was located at the basement of his official residence, the
2683:
1740:
991:
901:
642:
171:
3699:
3655:
3477:
2009:
1777:
164:
1580:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
1298:
Marchese, M. E. (2007). "La Prefettura Urbana a Roma. un tentativo di localizzazione attraverso le iscrizioni".
3625:
3615:
3487:
3408:
3226:
3094:
2666:
2610:
2531:
2398:
1665:
1640:
818:
722:
1339:
1240:, whose function was to check and append the seal of the eparch on weights and scales as well as merchandise.
3689:
3482:
3472:
3387:
3142:
2927:
670:(guardian of the city) to serve as the king's chief lieutenant. Appointed by the king to serve for life, the
2362:
3556:
3524:
3428:
3137:
3109:
2917:
2456:
1167:
1108:
3280:
2922:
2769:
2526:
2277:
3600:
3546:
3285:
3157:
3147:
2847:
2727:
2605:
2536:
2424:
2393:
2236:
2176:
980:
909:
367:
745:
remained unaltered: having power only within the actual city of Rome and a life term appointed by the
3460:
2984:
2840:
2625:
2516:
2403:
1184:
432:
134:
2759:
2511:
1998:
1877:
999:
972:
36:
3665:
3089:
2815:
2635:
2521:
1533:
1267:, κεφαλατικεύων, "headsman"), who each oversaw a district in the now much less populous capital.
470:
3590:
3180:
3022:
2466:
2272:
2246:
2241:
2014:
1990:
1986:
1953:
714:
3308:
3162:
2352:
2262:
2226:
2111:
1841:
1836:
1017:
1170:, and for the distribution of the grain dole to the city. According to the late 9th-century
766:
The first major change to the office occurred in 487 BC, when the office became an elective
3551:
3534:
3355:
3114:
3079:
2962:
2899:
2894:
2429:
2372:
1113:
112:
8:
2461:
2377:
2367:
2231:
1994:
1982:
1869:
1578:
1519:
1162:
995:
846:
in 27 BC, he reformed the office of Prefect at the suggestion of his minister and friend
734:
718:
247:
878:). The find-spots of inscriptions honouring Prefects suggest that it was located on the
3539:
3529:
3403:
3074:
2957:
2874:
2737:
2089:
2069:
2049:
2039:
1805:
1396:
1256:
1079:
1071:
933:
896:
505:
144:
1684:
1285:
951:. Eventually there was no appeal from the Prefect's sentencing, except to that of the
796:
was appointed each year for the sole purpose of allowing the consuls to celebrate the
684:
was the king's personal representative. In the absence of the king from the city, the
3661:
3595:
3500:
3433:
3413:
3381:
3313:
3300:
3221:
3216:
2967:
2732:
2582:
2101:
2054:
2044:
2034:
1719:
1694:
1670:
1660:
1645:
1635:
1620:
1601:
1598:
Politics, Philosophy, and Empire in the Fourth Century: Select Orations of Themistius
1584:
1560:
1116:. As with the Prefect of Rome, the night watch came under a subordinate prefect, the
875:
767:
654:
424:
417:
220:
774:. The office was only open to former consuls. Around 450 BC, with the coming of the
3465:
3258:
3206:
3152:
3119:
3069:
2862:
2852:
2630:
2318:
2210:
2133:
2116:
2094:
2079:
2064:
1978:
1763:
1307:
1047:
984:
979:. Over the following thirty years, Christian holders were few. In such a capacity,
917:
851:
710:
693:
676:
657:
546:
540:
533:
519:
348:
327:
272:
257:
252:
237:
121:
3610:
3443:
3423:
3418:
3373:
3363:
3323:
3318:
3268:
3263:
3044:
2650:
2567:
2562:
2302:
2292:
2128:
2122:
2106:
2084:
2074:
2059:
1709:
1688:
1224:
883:
788:
755:
262:
1401:
3448:
3328:
3061:
2820:
2714:
2700:
2499:
2203:
1958:
1248:
1036:
1028:
960:
956:
839:
797:
738:
638:
630:
551:
498:
342:
317:
226:
74:
1588:
626:
3683:
3368:
3245:
3211:
2949:
2884:
2857:
2742:
2357:
2297:
1172:
1083:
1066:
952:
824:
661:
447:
297:
65:
1311:
890:
of Rome, the Prefect was the superintendent of all guilds and corporations (
3129:
3104:
3084:
2889:
2867:
2722:
1970:
1965:
1799:
1244:
859:
843:
760:
746:
689:
634:
360:
312:
282:
208:
83:
1732:
3630:
3605:
3099:
2909:
2676:
2282:
2267:
1127:
879:
403:
688:
exercised all of his powers, which included the powers of convoking the
637:, continued during the Republic and Empire, and held high importance in
2904:
2764:
2754:
2587:
2577:
2287:
1574:
867:
484:
214:
94:
870:(c. 140 km) around the city. The Prefect's office was called the
3453:
3333:
2825:
2693:
2640:
2572:
1152:
1032:
1002:. The last mention of the Roman urban prefect occurs as late as 879.
904:, the oversight of the officials responsible for the drainage of the
775:
696:
and the exercise of force in the event of an emergency. However, the
556:
526:
392:
374:
337:
45:
2979:
2879:
2830:
2688:
2620:
2408:
1178:
964:
938:
847:
828:
698:
491:
381:
292:
203:
101:
1690:
Rome in Late Antiquity: Everyday Life and Urban Change, AD 312–609
3345:
3231:
3172:
2671:
2645:
2323:
1132:
927:
477:
456:
307:
287:
2974:
2749:
2615:
1075:
943:
922:
863:
512:
302:
1213:
1141:
1097:
1055:
905:
887:
3253:
1088:
1617:
The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power
463:
410:
1031:
the capital of the Roman Empire, he also established a
1715:
of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)
702:
he possessed was only valid within the walls of Rome.
967:, but by the 3rd century, they were exercised alone.
955:, unlike the sentencing of other officials. Even the
915:
To enable the Prefect to exercise his authority, the
1634:
Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Eparch of the City". In
1595:
1509:
983:
played a prominent role in the controversy over the
977:Constantine the Great's conversion to Christianity
3681:
1669:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1644:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1300:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome: Antiquité
1659:Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Urban Prefect". In
759:, and, in times of war, levying and commanding
2123:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
1429:Heather & Moncur (2001), pp. 225, 285, 292
1748:
680:. As the second highest office of state, the
653:According to Roman tradition, in 753 BC when
590:
1762:
1382:
1380:
1189:
1117:
1755:
1741:
1707:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1358:
1356:
1281:
1279:
597:
583:
1596:Heather, Peter J.; Moncur, David (2001).
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1370:
1368:
1251:in 1204, being equated in Latin with the
1247:following the capture of the city in the
800:, which required them to leave Rome. The
1438:Heather & Moncur (2001), pp. 294–295
1377:
1297:
1012:List of urban prefects of Constantinople
3011:
1658:
1633:
1409:
1353:
1276:
1035:to oversee the city. In the late 350s,
629:of the city of Rome, and later also of
14:
3682:
1683:
1554:
1459:
1365:
1334:
1332:
1330:
3579:
3010:
2795:
2487:
2154:
1775:
1736:
1614:
1188:. In addition, there were the heads (
941:, and over sons who had violated the
2796:
1573:
894:), held the responsibility (via the
728:
643:collapse of the Western Roman Empire
2498:
1615:Evans, James Allan Stewart (1996).
1583:. London: Oxford University Press.
1327:
1176:, his two principal aides were the
866:, as well as a zone of one hundred
737:in 510 BC and the formation of the
24:
1666:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1641:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1386:Heather & Moncur (2001), p. 45
990:The urban prefecture survived the
908:and the maintenance of the city's
902:provision with grain from overseas
807:
633:. The office originated under the
25:
3716:
3621:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
1551:Dig. 1.12; 4.4.16; 5.1.12; 4.8.19
1208:) of the city's districts (Latin
1070:, and came immediately after the
1005:
3695:Urban prefects of Constantinople
3660:
1526:
1512:
994:, and remained active under the
992:fall of the Western Roman Empire
664:, he also created the office of
44:
2010:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
1832:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
1505:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1041:
1022:
833:
648:
3095:Great Palace of Constantinople
2836:Patriarchate of Constantinople
2155:
1600:. Liverpool University Press.
1499:Van Tricht (2011), pp. 114–115
1389:
1344:
1318:
1291:
925:force, and the nightwatchmen (
910:sewers and water supply system
836: 27 BC – AD 14
819:List of urban prefects of Rome
13:
1:
1270:
1046:337–361) expanded the city's
3557:University of Constantinople
3138:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
2488:
2288:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
1977:Byzantine successor states (
1232:), the heads of the guilds (
1168:University of Constantinople
7:
3227:Saint Catherine's Monastery
2283:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
2278:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
1776:
1555:Dujcev, Ivan, ed. (1979) .
674:served concurrently as the
10:
3721:
3616:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3580:
2237:Comes sacrarum largitionum
1708:Van Tricht, Filip (2011).
1693:. Routledge. p. 228.
1214:
1142:
1098:
1056:
1009:
981:Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
816:
641:. The office survived the
3705:Heads of local government
3643:
3586:
3575:
3496:
3396:
3354:
3299:
3244:
3199:
3186:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
3171:
3128:
3060:
3030:
3021:
3017:
3006:
2948:
2806:
2802:
2791:
2713:
2659:
2598:
2555:
2507:
2494:
2483:
2442:
2417:
2386:
2345:
2336:
2311:
2255:
2219:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2150:
2023:
1939:
1886:
1817:
1788:
1784:
1771:
1324:Lançon (2000), pp. 21, 46
1190:
1185:logothetēs tou praitōriou
1130:(r. 527–565). In 535 the
1118:
987:in the late 4th century.
741:in 509 BC, the office of
433:Senatus consultum ultimum
328:Extraordinary magistrates
2760:Droungarios of the Fleet
1481:Evans (1996), pp. 27, 32
1350:Lançon (2000), pp. 46–47
1340:Book I, Ch. 2, pp. 28–29
850:. Again elevated into a
658:founded the city of Rome
37:Politics of ancient Rome
18:Eparch of Constantinople
3274:Early Byzantine mosaics
2636:Domestic of the Schools
1534:Byzantine Empire portal
1374:Kazhdan (1991), p. 2144
1312:10.3406/mefr.2007.10407
1259:(1261–1453) by several
931:) under their prefect (
854:, Augustus granted the
812:
733:After the expulsion of
717:, and the seventh king
3700:Urban prefects of Rome
3591:Byzantine commonwealth
2353:Praetorian prefectures
2273:Logothetes tou genikou
2247:Quaestor sacri palatii
2242:Comes rerum privatarum
2015:Fall of Constantinople
1954:Sack of Constantinople
1557:The Book of the Eparch
1490:Bury (1911), pp. 70–73
1472:Kazhdan (1991), p. 705
1092:as a ceremonial garb.
1062:ho eparchos tēs poleōs
1054:from his Greek title (
872:secretarium tellurense
194:Political institutions
3291:Komnenian renaissance
3286:Macedonian period art
3191:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
3163:Walls of Thessaloniki
2263:Logothetes tou dromou
1878:Twenty Years' Anarchy
1842:Valentinianic dynasty
1837:Constantinian dynasty
1559:. Variorum Reprints.
1112:, located before the
1018:Constantine the Great
3690:Ancient Roman titles
3488:Units of measurement
3222:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
3115:Pammakaristos Church
2963:Corpus Juris Civilis
2914:Missionary activity
2373:Exarchate of Ravenna
2199:Imperial bureaucracy
1362:Lançon (2000), p. 46
1114:Forum of Constantine
1057:ὁ ἔπαρχος τῆς πόλεως
1000:Byzantine reconquest
886:. Acting as a quasi-
838:), transformed the
778:, the office of the
273:Ordinary magistrates
3012:Culture and society
2875:Ecumenical councils
2378:Exarchate of Africa
2368:Quaestura exercitus
2232:Magister officiorum
2227:Praetorian prefects
1870:Byzantine Dark Ages
1520:Ancient Rome portal
1447:Evans (1996), p. 25
1420:Evans (1996), p. 43
1163:Book of the Prefect
1080:praetorian prefects
1072:praetorian prefects
998:and well after the
996:Ostrogothic Kingdom
975:even after Emperor
735:Tarquinius Superbus
719:Tarquinius Superbus
660:and instituted the
3429:Flags and insignia
3075:Baths of Zeuxippus
2958:Codex Theodosianus
2848:Oriental Orthodoxy
1806:Later Roman Empire
1661:Kazhdan, Alexander
1636:Kazhdan, Alexander
1456:Bury (1911), p. 70
1397:Notitia Dignitatum
1257:Palaiologan period
1202:curatores regionum
934:praefectus vigilum
897:praefectus annonae
694:popular assemblies
612:praefectus urbanus
506:Triumvir monetalis
440:Titles and honours
27:Magistrate of Rome
3677:
3676:
3639:
3638:
3596:Byzantine studies
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3382:Alexander Romance
3240:
3239:
3217:Nea Moni of Chios
3080:Blachernae Palace
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2968:Code of Justinian
2816:Eastern Orthodoxy
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2709:
2708:
2583:Scholae Palatinae
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2444:Foreign relations
2438:
2437:
2332:
2331:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
1945:(1204–1453)
1725:978-90-04-20323-5
1718:. Leiden: Brill.
1700:978-0-415-92975-2
1626:978-0-415-02209-5
1607:978-0-85323-106-6
1548:Cassius Dio 59.13
1261:kephalatikeuontes
1143:πραίτωρ τῶν δήμων
1016:When the Emperor
770:, elected by the
729:Republican period
723:Spurius Lucretius
709:, the third king
607:
606:
425:Quaestio perpetua
418:Senatus consultum
221:Roman citizenship
16:(Redirected from
3712:
3664:
3577:
3576:
3520:Imperial Library
3466:Byzantine Greeks
3207:Daphni Monastery
3158:Panagia Chalkeon
3153:Hagios Demetrios
3120:Prison of Anemas
3070:Basilica Cistern
3028:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3008:
3007:
2863:West Syriac Rite
2853:Alexandrian Rite
2804:
2803:
2797:Religion and law
2793:
2792:
2728:Maritime themata
2684:Palaiologan army
2537:Military manuals
2505:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2343:
2342:
2319:Megas logothetes
2170:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2151:
2025:By modern region
1946:
1893:
1892:(717–1204)
1824:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1764:Byzantine Empire
1757:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1704:
1685:Lançon, Bertrand
1680:
1655:
1630:
1611:
1592:
1570:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1217:
1216:
1193:
1192:
1145:
1144:
1121:
1120:
1101:
1100:
1059:
1058:
1045:
1043:
1026:
1024:
985:Altar of Victory
918:cohortes urbanae
900:) of the city's
874:(secretariat of
837:
835:
782:was renamed the
711:Tullus Hostilius
677:princeps Senatus
625:in English, was
599:
592:
585:
541:Pontifex maximus
534:Princeps senatus
520:Magister militum
355:Consular tribune
349:Magister equitum
177:Augustan reforms
48:
32:
31:
21:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3635:
3611:Cyrillic script
3582:
3563:
3508:
3492:
3392:
3374:Digenes Akritas
3350:
3295:
3236:
3200:Other locations
3195:
3167:
3124:
3056:
3045:Cross-in-square
3013:
2994:
2944:
2798:
2779:
2705:
2655:
2651:Varangian Guard
2594:
2568:East Roman army
2563:Late Roman army
2551:
2490:
2471:
2434:
2413:
2382:
2328:
2307:
2303:Epi ton deeseon
2293:Epi tou eidikou
2251:
2215:
2157:
2138:
2125:
2028:
2026:
2019:
2005:Palaiologan era
1947:
1944:
1935:
1906:Nikephorian era
1894:
1891:
1882:
1825:
1823:(330–717)
1822:
1813:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1761:
1726:
1701:
1677:
1652:
1627:
1608:
1567:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1410:
1403:Pars Orientalis
1394:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1225:parathalassitēs
1084:diocesan vicars
1040:
1027:306–337) named
1021:
1014:
1008:
961:Roman provinces
949:praetor urbanus
884:Baths of Trajan
856:praefectus urbi
832:
823:When the first
821:
815:
810:
808:Imperial period
802:praefectus urbi
794:praefectus urbi
789:praetor urbanus
784:praefectus urbi
772:Comitia Curiata
756:Comitia Curiata
731:
651:
618:praefectus urbi
603:
574:
570:Other countries
561:
430:
387:
322:
267:
232:
188:
165:Sullan republic
130:
126:
117:
108:
104:
97:
87:
78:
69:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:Byzantine Bath
3140:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3062:Constantinople
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Byzantine Rite
2812:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2701:Grand domestic
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2667:Komnenian army
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2542:Military units
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:Battle tactics
2508:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2204:Medieval Greek
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2173:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1959:Fourth Crusade
1950:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Macedonian era
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Theodosian era
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1724:
1705:
1699:
1687:(2000-12-13).
1681:
1675:
1656:
1650:
1631:
1625:
1612:
1606:
1593:
1571:
1566:978-0902089006
1565:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1523:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1408:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1343:
1326:
1317:
1290:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1265:kephalatikeuōn
1249:Fourth Crusade
1204:) and judges (
1148:praetor plebis
1037:Constantius II
1029:Constantinople
1007:
1006:Constantinople
1004:
840:Roman Republic
814:
811:
809:
806:
798:Latin Festival
730:
727:
650:
647:
639:late Antiquity
631:Constantinople
615:, also called
605:
604:
602:
601:
594:
587:
579:
576:
575:
573:
572:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
499:Vigintisexviri
495:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
452:
451:
450:
442:
441:
437:
436:
429:
428:
421:
414:
407:
399:
396:
395:
389:
388:
386:
385:
378:
371:
364:
357:
352:
345:
340:
334:
331:
330:
324:
323:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
241:
240:
234:
233:
231:
230:
227:Cursus honorum
223:
218:
211:
206:
200:
197:
196:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
180:
179:
169:
168:
167:
157:
151:
148:
147:
141:
140:
139:
138:
129:
128:
119:
109:
107:
106:
99:
98:27 BC – AD 284
91:
90:
89:
88:27 BC – AD 395
80:
75:Roman Republic
71:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
49:
41:
40:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3717:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3578:
3574:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:Encyclopedias
3513:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3439:Hellenization
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:Everyday life
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3369:Acritic songs
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Hosios Loukas
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3005:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Monophysitism
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Armenian Rite
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2790:
2776:
2775:Naval battles
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2482:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Protasekretis
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:Komnenian era
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:Heraclian era
1862:
1860:
1859:Justinian era
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
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1651:0-19-504652-8
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1619:. Routledge.
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1338:Bury (1923),
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1288:(2000), p. 45
1287:
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1207:
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1199:
1198:
1197:geitoniarchai
1187:
1186:
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1173:Klētorologion
1169:
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953:Roman Emperor
950:
946:
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940:
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869:
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849:
845:
841:
830:
826:
825:Roman Emperor
820:
805:
803:
799:
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791:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
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673:
669:
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632:
628:
624:
623:urban prefect
620:
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43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3380:
3148:Hagia Sophia
3130:Thessalonica
3105:Hagia Sophia
3085:Chora Church
3023:Architecture
2900:Great Schism
2890:Paulicianism
2868:Miaphysitism
2723:Karabisianoi
2027:or territory
1987:Thessalonica
1971:Latin Empire
1966:Frankokratia
1941:
1901:Isaurian era
1888:
1819:
1804:
1800:Roman Empire
1790:
1714:
1710:
1689:
1664:
1639:
1616:
1597:
1579:
1556:
1542:
1506:Bibliography
1495:
1486:
1477:
1452:
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1434:
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1402:
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1391:
1346:
1320:
1303:
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1245:Latin Empire
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:γειτονιάρχαι
1183:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1158:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1131:
1124:nykteparchos
1123:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1087:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1015:
989:
969:
948:
942:
932:
926:
916:
914:
895:
891:
871:
855:
844:Roman Empire
822:
801:
793:
787:
783:
780:custos urbis
779:
771:
765:
754:
751:custos urbis
750:
743:custos urbis
742:
732:
715:Numa Marcius
707:custos urbis
706:
704:
697:
686:custos urbis
685:
682:custos urbis
681:
675:
672:custos urbis
671:
667:custos urbis
666:
665:
652:
649:Regal period
622:
617:
616:
611:
610:
608:
539:
532:
525:
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
455:
431:
423:
416:
409:
402:
380:
373:
366:
359:
347:
225:
213:
209:Collegiality
145:Constitution
133:
122:
113:
84:Roman Empire
82:
73:
64:
29:
3631:Megali Idea
3606:Byzantinism
3309:Agriculture
3100:Hagia Irene
2933:Kievan Rus'
2910:Mount Athos
2733:Cibyrrhaeot
2677:Vestiaritai
2532:Mercenaries
2409:Catepanates
2268:Sakellarios
2187:Family tree
2112:Mesopotamia
1931:Angelid era
1911:Amorian era
1575:Bury, J. B.
1306:: 613–634.
1253:castellanus
1212:, in Greek
1128:Justinian I
1119:νυκτέπαρχος
882:, near the
880:Oppian Hill
868:Roman miles
635:Roman kings
404:Mos maiorum
184:Late Empire
127:AD 395–1453
3684:Categories
3626:Third Rome
3552:University
3535:Philosophy
3525:Inventions
3388:Historians
3356:Literature
3339:Varangians
3181:San Vitale
3110:Hippodrome
3090:City Walls
2990:Mutilation
2985:Hexabiblos
2905:Bogomilism
2895:Iconoclasm
2765:Megas doux
2755:Greek fire
2738:Aegean Sea
2611:Kleisourai
2588:Excubitors
2578:Bucellarii
2430:Despotates
2399:Kleisourai
2338:Provincial
2182:Coronation
2156:Governance
1921:Doukid era
1854:Leonid era
1711:The Latin
1589:1046639111
1271:References
1236:) and the
1200:, the old
1109:praetorium
1010:See also:
852:magistracy
817:See also:
768:magistracy
721:appointed
713:appointed
485:Praefectus
393:Public law
248:Centuriate
238:Assemblies
215:Auctoritas
118:AD 395–476
105:AD 284–641
95:Principate
70:753–509 BC
3454:Octoechos
3334:Silk Road
2826:Hesychasm
2694:Paramonai
2641:Hetaireia
2573:Foederati
2462:Diplomacy
2457:Diplomats
2363:Provinces
2192:Empresses
1995:Trebizond
1791:Preceding
1713:Renovatio
1238:boullōtai
1153:quaesitor
1067:illustres
1033:proconsul
965:quaestors
957:governors
921:, Rome's
842:into the
776:decemvirs
527:Imperator
375:Decemviri
368:Triumviri
338:Corrector
79:509–27 BC
3547:Scholars
3540:Rhetoric
3530:Medicine
3505:Learning
3404:Calendar
3281:Painters
2980:Basilika
2918:Bulgaria
2880:Arianism
2831:Hayhurum
2808:Religion
2770:Admirals
2689:Allagion
2621:Droungos
2527:Generals
2489:Military
2452:Treaties
2358:Dioceses
2177:Emperors
2090:Sardinia
2070:Dalmatia
2050:Bulgaria
2040:Anatolia
1999:Theodoro
1993: /
1989: /
1981: /
1577:(1911).
1541:Tacitus
1234:exarchoi
1220:regeōnai
1215:ρεγεῶναι
1210:regiones
1182:and the
1179:symponos
1104:taxiōtai
1099:ταξιῶται
939:freedmen
892:collegia
862:and the
848:Maecenas
829:Augustus
739:Republic
699:imperium
662:monarchy
557:Tetrarch
547:Augustus
492:Vicarius
471:Officium
382:Interrex
343:Dictator
318:Governor
293:Quaestor
258:Plebeian
204:Imperium
160:Republic
135:Timeline
102:Dominate
3656:Outline
3601:Museums
3501:Science
3478:Slavery
3434:Gardens
3414:Cuisine
3346:Dynatoi
3314:Coinage
3301:Economy
3269:Mosaics
3232:Mystras
3173:Ravenna
3035:Secular
2923:Moravia
2672:Pronoia
2646:Akritai
2631:Tagmata
2606:Themata
2547:Revolts
2517:Battles
2425:Kephale
2394:Themata
2324:Mesazon
2166:Central
2102:Maghreb
2055:Corsica
2045:Armenia
2035:Albania
1778:History
1663:(ed.).
1638:(ed.).
1263:(sing.
1230:epoptai
1222:), the
1136:of the
1133:praitōr
1044:
1025:
959:of the
928:vigiles
792:). The
761:legions
747:consuls
655:Romulus
627:prefect
478:Praeses
457:Legatus
448:Emperor
308:Tribune
288:Praetor
253:Curiate
155:Kingdom
123:Eastern
114:Western
57:Periods
3666:Portal
3581:Impact
3461:People
3409:Cities
3259:Enamel
3040:Sacred
2975:Ecloga
2841:Saints
2750:Dromon
2626:Bandon
2616:Tourma
2599:Middle
2522:Beacon
2404:Bandon
2387:Middle
2256:Middle
2211:Senate
2134:Thrace
2117:Serbia
2095:Sicily
2080:Greece
2065:Cyprus
1983:Epirus
1979:Nicaea
1889:Middle
1766:topics
1722:
1697:
1673:
1648:
1623:
1604:
1587:
1563:
1286:Lançon
1206:kritai
1076:eunuch
1052:Eparch
1048:Senate
944:pietas
923:police
876:Tellus
864:Portus
749:. The
692:, the
690:Senate
552:Caesar
513:Lictor
313:Censor
303:Aedile
283:Consul
263:Tribal
172:Empire
3651:Index
3483:Death
3473:Women
3444:Music
3424:Dress
3419:Dance
3364:Novel
3324:Trade
3319:Mints
3264:Glass
3254:Icons
3050:Domes
2928:Serbs
2743:Samos
2556:Early
2346:Early
2220:Early
2129:Syria
2107:Malta
2085:Italy
2075:Egypt
2060:Crete
1991:Morea
1820:Early
1138:demoi
973:pagan
906:Tiber
888:mayor
860:Ostia
3449:Lyra
3329:silk
2940:Jews
2715:Navy
2660:Late
2500:Army
2467:Wars
2418:Late
2312:Late
1942:Late
1720:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1602:ISBN
1585:OCLC
1561:ISBN
1545:6.11
1543:Ann.
1405:, I.
1089:toga
1082:and
813:Rome
609:The
3246:Art
2950:Law
1308:doi
1304:119
621:or
464:Dux
411:Ius
361:Rex
3686::
1461:^
1411:^
1400:,
1379:^
1367:^
1355:^
1329:^
1302:.
1278:^
1218:,
1194:,
1146:;
1060:,
1042:r.
1023:r.
834:r.
827:,
763:.
725:.
2001:)
1997:–
1985:–
1872:"
1868:"
1756:e
1749:t
1742:v
1728:.
1703:.
1679:.
1654:.
1629:.
1610:.
1591:.
1569:.
1314:.
1310::
1140:(
1122:(
1102:(
1039:(
1020:(
831:(
598:e
591:t
584:v
20:)
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