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804:. Once Arab states were granted autonomy from the European powers, years after the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement, and these new Arab nations were recognized by the Europeans, Weizmann argued that since the fulfillment was kept eventually, the agreement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine still held. In truth, however, this hoped-for partnership had little chance of success and was a dead letter by late 1920. Faisal had hoped that Zionist influence on British policy would be sufficient to forestall French designs on Syria, but Zionist influence could never compete with French interests. At the same time Faisal failed to enlist significant sympathy among his Arab elite supporters for the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, even under loose Arab suzerainty.
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Sir Hubert Young on 7 December 1929, Faisal accepted the
Balfour Declaration, but only in the most minimal sense in that the declaration had promised a "Jewish national home". Faisal stated he was willing to accept the Palestine Mandate as a "Jewish national home" to which Jews fleeing persecution around the world might go, but he was adamant that there be no Jewish state. Faisal argued that the best solution was for Britain to grant independence to Palestine, which would be united in a federation led by his brother, the Emir Abdullah of Trans-Jordan, which would allow for a Jewish "national home" under his sovereignty.
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ethnicity. an ignorant Shiite majority that belongs to the same ethnicity of the government, but the persecutions that had befallen them as a result of
Turkish rule, which did not enable them to take part in governance and exercise it, drove a deep wedge between the Arab people divided into these two sects. Unfortunately, all of this made this majority, or the persons who harbor special aspirations, the religious among them, the seekers of posts without qualification, and those who did not benefit materially from the new rule, to pretend that they are still being persecuted because they are Shiites.
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1110:. In Iraq, a majority of the Arabs were Shi'i Muslims who had not responded to the call for Sharif Hussein to join the "Great Arab Revolt" as the Sharif was a considered a Sunni Muslim from the Hejaz, thus making him a double outsider. Rather than risk the wrath of the Ottomans on behalf of an outsider like Hussein, the Shi'i Muslims of Iraq had ignored the Great Arab Revolt. In the Ottoman Empire, the state religion was Sunni Islam and the Shi'i Muslim had been marginalized for their religion, making the Shia population poorer and less educated than the Sunni population.
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1282:" which was published in several newspapers. This would cause a large outcry in the city which reached Faisal's attention. Faisal would confront al-Jawahiri reportedly saying "Are you aware of the calls and cables I have received that all say that this is the work of your "son, Muhammad," who works under your auspices and protections? And do you know how much grief this has caused me?" In response, al-Jawahiri apologized and offered to resign, but Faisal decided to forgive al-Jawahiri and decided to keep him in his royal court.
609:, a junior British intelligence officer from Cairo. Lawrence, who envisioned an independent post-war Arabian state, sought the right man to lead the Hashemite forces and achieve this. In 1916â18, Faisal headed the Northern Army of the rebellion that confronted the Ottomans in what was to later become western Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syria. In 1917, Faisal, desiring an empire for himself instead of conquering one for his father, attempted to negotiate an arrangement with the Ottomans under which he would rule the Ottoman
50:
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636:, Lawrence sought to put the best gloss on Faisal's double-dealing as it would contradict the image he was seeking to promote of Faisal as a faithful friend of the Allies betrayed by the British and the French, claiming that Faisal was only seeking to divide the "nationalist" and "Islamist" factions in the ruling
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Christians. The
British government demanded that Faisal stay in Baghdad to punish the guilty, whether Christian or Muslim. In response, Faisal cabled to the Iraqi Legation in London: "Although everything is normal now in Iraq, and in spite of my broken health, I shall await the arrival of Sir Francis
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In 1929, when bloody rioting broke out in
Jerusalem between the Arab and Jewish communities, Faisal was highly supportive of the Arab position and pressured the British for a pro-Arab solution of the Palestine crisis. In a memo stating his views on Palestine submitted to the British high commissioner
1221:. Faisal's schemes for a greater Iraqi-Syrian state under his leadership attracted much opposition from Turkey, which preferred to deal with two weak neighbors instead of one strong one, and from King Fuad of Egypt and Ibn' Saud, who both saw themselves as the rightful leaders of the Arab world. When
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as an obstacle to his pan-Arab views, although it provided Iraq with a degree of political independence. He wanted to make sure that the treaty had a built-in end date because the treaty further divided Syria and Iraq, the former which was under French control, and the latter under
British rule. This
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power in
Damascus. The French consulted Faisal because they were inspired by his success as an imposed leader in Iraq. As it turned out, the French were merely playing Faisal along as they wished to give him the impression that he might be restored as king of Syria to dissuade him from supporting the
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In 1920, Iraqis gathered in sociable meetings in coffeehouses and tents during the winter of 1920 to discuss which form of government and leader the new Iraqi state should have. The
British government, mandate holders in Iraq, were concerned at the unrest in the colony. They decided to step back from
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against French rule in Syria, Faisal was not particularly supportive of the rebels partly because of
British pressure, partly because of his own cautious nature, and mainly because he had reason to believe that the French were interested in installing a Hashemite to govern Syria on their behalf. In
982:, he successfully campaigned among the Arabs of Iraq and won over the popular support of the minority Sunni. However, the Shia majority were at first lukewarm about Faisal, and his appearance at the port of Basra was met with indifference. From 23 April to 8 May 1921, Iraqis including most notably
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that envisioned ultimately bringing the French mandates of Syria and
Lebanon together with the British mandate of Palestine under his rule. Faisal was keenly aware that his power-base was with the Sunni Muslim Arabs of Iraq, who comprised a significant minority. By contrast, if Syria, Lebanon and
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Faisal encouraged an influx of Syrian exiles and office-seekers to cultivate better Iraqi-Syrian relations. In order to improve education in the country Faisal employed doctors and teachers in the civil service and appointed Syrian Arab nationalist Sati' al-Husri, the ex-Minister of
Education in
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Iraq is a kingdom ruled by a Sunni Arab government founded on the wreckage of Ottoman rule. This government rules over a Kurdish segment, the majority of which is ignorant, that includes persons with personal ambitions who lead it to abandon it under the pretext that it does not belong to their
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Faisal had great tolerance for Shi'i Muslims and was a component of inter-faith. Faisal's main link with the community was the Sayyid Muhammad al-Sadr, who was one of the only people who could enter the king's prescience without further notice. Faisal always wanted to remind Shi'i Muslims of his
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However, the poets had also caused Faisal trouble in the matter of education. An example was when Faisal opened the first girls' school in Najaf and received backlash from the conservative groups in the traditionalist city. In response during the opening occasions, al-Jawahiri, who was a Najafi
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Faisal argued that what was needed was a compromise under which the Palestinians would give up their opposition to Jewish immigration to Palestine in exchange for which the Zionists would give up their plans to one day create a Jewish state in the Holy Land. Faisal's preferred solution to the
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because of his apparent conciliatory attitude towards the Great Powers and based on advice from T. E. Lawrence (more commonly known as Lawrence of Arabia). But, in 1921, few people living in Iraq even knew who Faisal was or had ever heard his name. With help of British officials, including
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When Faisal first came to Iraq, he was a stranger to the cultural and social life. Due to this, throughout his reign, he tried his best to immerse himself in understanding the ways of his new country. A few weeks after he arrived in Iraq, he was greeted by the respected Islamic scholar
1274:, he regularly toured Baghdadi schools, including Christian and Jewish, and inspected their conditions as part of his agenda. He met with several teachers, both male and female, to motivate them to work as he considered teachers to be more significant than a king's or minister's work.
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Palestine were incorporated into his realm, then the Sunni Muslim Arabs would comprise the majority of his subjects, making the Arab Shi'i Muslim and the ethnic Kurds of Iraq into minorities. Furthermore, the Arab Shi'i Muslims of Iraq at the time had traditionally looked towards
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Faisal himself was a tolerant man, proclaiming himself a friend of the Shi'i Muslim, Kurdish and Jewish communities in his realm, and in 1928 criticized the policy of some of his ministers of seeking to fire all Jewish Iraqis from the civil service, but his policy of promoting
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as the "golden age" of the Arabs together with the highly dismissive remarks about Ali gave great offense in the Shi'i Muslim community in Iraq, prompting protests and leading Faisal to withdraw the offending textbooks in 1927 and again in 1933 when they were reissued.
1255:, and met with several educated Iraqis to learn of their perspectives and conditions. Even becoming a patron in several clubs such as the 1920s Baghdadi "Irshad Club." Faisal started a tradition of receiving several writers and poets regularly. Among these poets was
656:
on 21 March 1918, which appeared for a time to foreordain the defeat of the Allies, Faisal again contacted Djemal Pasha asking for peace provided that he be allowed to rule Syria as an Ottoman vassal, which Djemal, confident of victory, declined to consider. After a
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if he was interested in joining the "Arab Alliance" under Faisal's leadership, the Imam replied with a confused look what would be the purpose of the "Arab Alliance" and to please explain the meaning of the phrase "Arab World", which he was unfamiliar with.
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Damascus, as his director of the Ministry of Education. This influx resulted in much native resentment towards Syrians and Lebanese in Iraq. The tendency of the Syrian emigres in the education ministry to write and issue school textbooks glorying the
644:
and his wife Inari wrote that the veracity of Lawrence's account is open to question given that the major dispute within the CUP was not between the Islamist Djemal Pasha and the nationalist Mustafa Kemal as claimed by Lawrence, but rather between
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direct administration and create a monarchy to head Iraq while they maintained the mandate. The idea was to set up a native leader who would be popular among the Iraqi people while still maintaining close relations with the British government.
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and met with representatives of the Arab secret societies al-Fatat and Al-'Ahd. After visiting Constantinople Faisal returned to Mecca via Damascus where he again met with the Arab secret societies, received the
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1157:("patriotism" or in this case Iraqiness) with being Arab marginalized the Kurds who feared that they had no place in an Arab-dominated Iraq, indeed in a state that equated being Iraqi with being Arab.
627:
to subcontract ruling part of the Ottoman Empire to Faisal kept him loyal to his father when it finally dawned on him that the Ottomans were just trying to divide and conquer the Hashemite forces.
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and the increased Jewish immigration to Palestine, as the Arab political, social, and economic situation was declining. He asked the British to limit Jewish immigration and land purchases.
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In March 1932, just months before independence, Faisal wrote a memorandum where he criticized the Iraqi people's lack of Iraqi national identity in the newly established country, writing:
754:. With the end of Turkish rule that October, Faisal helped set up an Arab government, under British protection, in Arab controlled Greater Syria. In May 1919, elections were held for the
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was southern Iraq. Given this background, there was no sense of Iraqi nationalism or even Iraqi national identity when Faisal took his throne. Anecdotally, the band present played
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to further his personal and dynastic ambitions proved to be a disruptive force in Iraq as it drew a wedge between the Arab and Kurdish communities. Faisal's policy of equating
689:. However, the accuracy of that book, not least the importance given by the author to his own contribution during the Revolt, has been criticized by some historians, including
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1401:"Palestine Question", which he admitted might not be practical at the moment, was for a federation that would unite Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine under his leadership.
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in December 1914, Faisal's father sent him on a mission to Constantinople to discuss the Ottomans' request for Arab participation in the war. Along the way Faisal visited
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The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of conquest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917-1936)
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for Friday Prayers, which was decided to be the main Friday Prayers mosque. Faisal has also ordered the reconstruction of Sufi shrines in Mosul such as the tekke of the
1326:. Throughout his reign, especially in his early days, Faisal had wanted to increase the prescience of Shi'i Muslims in administrations. Example being the hiring of
1459:
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showing 96% in favor, Faisal agreed to become king. On 23 August 1921, he was made king of Iraq. Iraq was a new entity created out of the former Ottoman
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would send telegrams to Faisal, inviting him to Iraq as its prospective king. Between May and June, Faisal sent representatives to confirm his election.
1016:, were either disappointed or hostile which shocked Faisal. Despite this, the Mayor of Baghdad at the time sent a telegram to greet Faisal. The city of
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in October 1918. Faisal became part of a new Arab government at Damascus, formed after the capture of that city in 1918. Emir Faisal's role in the
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In July 1933, right before his death, Faisal went to London where he expressed his alarm at the current situation of Arabs that resulted from the
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also welcomed him. When Faisal arrived in Baghdad on 26 June, he was widely welcomed by Baghdadis. The next day, an ovation was given to him in
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in Iraq had a positive reception to the treaty because they saw this as progress, which seemed better than the Arab situation in Syria and
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1004:. Faisal's arrival was met with a mixed response, while most Iraqis welcomed him in large numbers and groups, some people, especially the
8283:
1180:. This also led to an increase in Iraq's desire for more influence in the Arab East. During his reign, Faisal made great effort to build
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as it helped him meet with the public Iraqi people more. Faisal was noticeably unaffected by sectarian considerations, and was noted by
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Another group that Faisal held greatly were teachers as he saw them as important figures to encourage and cultivate. Accompanied by
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Humphrys in Bagdad, but there is no reason for further anxiety. Inform the British Government of the contents of my telegram."
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819:, a letter from Faisal which stated his opposition to the Balfour proposal to establish a homeland for the Jews in Palestine.
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493:. In 1932, he presided over the independence of Iraq upon the end of the British Mandate and the country's entry into the
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to have a faith that reflected all Islamic dominations, which made him respect, and be tolerant to all world religions.
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had disillusioned him in the Allies and he now wanted to work with his fellow Muslims. Only the unwillingness of the
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In 1932, the British mandate ended and Faisal was instrumental in making his country independent. On 3 October, the
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in the Baghdadi Law College, accepting qualifications of Shi'i Muslim-based schools, help fund the commemorating of
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2005:
1486:, Switzerland. He was 48 years old at the time of his death. Faisal was succeeded on the throne by his eldest son,
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for leadership, and the rallying cry of Pan-Arabism might unite the Arab Sunnis and Shi'a around a common sense of
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declaring his willingness to defect to the Ottoman side provided they would give him an empire to rule, saying the
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1310:. Faisal also met with leaders of smaller religious communities such as chief Rabbis from both Baghdad and Mosul.
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Syrian rebels, and once they crushed the Syrian revolt, they lost interest in having a Hashemite rule in Syria.
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792:, signed the FaisalâWeizmann Agreement for Arab-Jewish Cooperation, in which Faisal conditionally accepted the
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1259:, who wrote poems praising the King. Another poet that Faisal received and made a part of his royal court was
1213:
prevented unity between two major Arab regions, which were important in Faisal's pan-Arab agenda. Ironically,
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in order to achieve this, but this failed. Some see this as part of his plan to advance his pan-Arab agenda.
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himself, wrote scathing lines criticizing the conservative nature of the city's people in his poem named "
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and learned about leadership from his father. In 1913, he was elected as representative for the city of
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oilfield and eventually to his plan to build an oil pipeline to a Mediterranean port, which would help
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1200:, the French government began consulting Faisal on Syrian matters. He advised the French to restore
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and had with her one son and three daughters, and to Latifa bint Hamed and had with her one son.
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Simon, Reeva S. (June 1974). "The Hashemite 'Conspiracy': Hashemite Unity Attempts, 1921â1958".
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442:. From 1916 to 1918, with British assistance, he played a major role in the revolt against the
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in the goal of creating an Arab state that would include Iraq, Syria and the rest of the
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on the RIMS Northbrook, and on 23 June, Faisal first landed in Iraq on the main port of
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1501:, where an equestrian statue of him stands. The statue was knocked down following the
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6149:"Letters from Baghdad" documentary (2016) Directors: Sabine KrayenbĂŒhl, Zeva Oelbaum.
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IRAQ â Resurgence In The Shiite World â Part 8 â Jordan & The Hashemite Factors
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of Syria and Mosul as an Ottoman vassal. In December 1917 Faisal contacted General
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Official records of the Second Session of the General Assembly (A/364/Add.2 PV.21)
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Faisal became a candidate for King of Iraq alongside other candidates such as the
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1302:, a young writer, recounted how Faisal would pull up in the Arab attire to the
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Coronation of Faisal as King of Iraq. Faisal seated, to his right are British
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under British administration. During his reign, Faisal fostered unity between
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6658:. University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science).
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Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789-1923
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Crowd mourning King Faisal gather in front of the municipality street in
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on 24 July 1920, the French were victorious and Faisal was expelled from
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Government and administration of Iraq: A study in political development
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857: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
800:, promising British support to the development of a Jewish homeland in
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973:, the British decided that Faisal was a good candidate for ruling the
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Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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5970:"Faisal Ibn Husain and the Zionists: A Re-examination with Documents"
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6062:. University of Surrey, School of Arts and Humanities. p. 178.
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501:, Switzerland, at the age of 48 and was succeeded by his eldest son
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6200:"VI. King Faisal I - First Issue, 1927 & 1932 - rezonville.com"
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caused tension between the United Kingdom and Iraq. Prime Minister
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1542:, born 1912 died 4 April 1939, married his first cousin, Princess
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796:, an official declaration on behalf of the British government by
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6009:"Official records of the Second Session of the General Assembly"
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Sectarianism in Iraq: The Making of State and Nation Since 1920
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Following the Ottoman Empire's declaration of war against the
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to strengthen his position. Reportedly, Faisal once told Sir
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from 23 August 1921 until his death in 1933. A member of the
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5932:
5855:
Historical dictionary of United States-Middle East relations
469:
In August 1921, in accordance with the decision made at the
423:
from March to July 1920 when he was expelled by the French.
1562:
Faisal has been portrayed on film at least three times: in
1483:
1341:
who was a friend of Sharif Hussein, and visiting Najaf and
1103:
1062:
were usually named after their capital, and thus the Basra
718:
and, with the support of the knowledgeable and influential
498:
253:
6479:
6467:
6301:
6241:
6229:
6179:
5830:, APS Diplomat Redrawing the Islamic Map, 14 February 2005
1482:
King Faisal died of a heart attack on 8 September 1933 in
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6169:
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5946:
5929:
2086:
1413:
King Faisal I of Iraq and King Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia
1315:
994:
597:, unknown member of his delegation, Captain Tahsin Kadry.
458:
proclaimed Faisal king, rejecting the French claim to a
446:. He helped set up an Arab government in Syria, based in
6365:
6363:
6350:
6348:
6335:
6333:
6320:
6318:
6316:
5917:
1322:
according to the Islamic Calendar, which coincided with
726:
for the predominantly Arab areas previously held by the
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6280:
6268:
6256:
6214:
6164:
6152:
6113:
5914:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006 pages 137â138
669:
and looted the city. Emir Faisal also worked with the
473:, the British arranged for Faisal to become king of a
8209:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
6423:
6411:
6399:
6387:
6375:
6360:
6345:
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6313:
5872:
6748:(3 ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
5682:
714:
In 1919, Emir Faisal led the Arab delegation to the
701:
466:, abolished the kingdom and forced him into exile.
8194:
Grand Cordons of the Order of Independence (Jordan)
1439:to Iraq immediately upon hearing of the killing of
722:, argued for the establishment of independent Arab
7889:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
1285:
1233:
5833:
397:FayáčŁal al-Awwal bin al-កusayn bin Ê»AlÄ« al-HÄshimÄ«
8145:
1125:King Faisal I of Iraq and his brother then Emir
933:
897:) by the Syrian National Congress government of
6046:
1318:. Due to this, his coronation took place on 18
1263:, who was made a member after Arab Nationalist
1160:Faisal also developed desert motor routes from
6679:. Vol. 27, no. 4. pp. 679â693.
6006:
1404:
1184:into a powerful force. He attempted to impose
1012:and the tribesman of Southern Iraq, including
652:In the spring of 1918, after Germany launched
7919:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
7366:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
7295:
7271:Appointed Crown Prince from 10 November 1943.
7150:
7055:
6093:. Vol. I. Jerusalem: PASSIA. p. 78.
1633:
1493:A square is named in his honor at the end of
6709:International Journal of Middle East Studies
6522:
5906:
5904:
1094:During his reign as King, Faisal encouraged
993:for Iraq alongside several Iraqi nobles and
761:
673:during World War I in their conquest of the
38:
750:in October 1918, which was followed by the
497:. Faisal died of a heart attack in 1933 in
7302:
7288:
7157:
7143:
7062:
7048:
6866:Newspaper clippings about Faisal I of Iraq
6626:
6197:
6027:
5955:
5940:
5923:
1640:
1626:
1225:visited Yemen in May 1931 to ask the Imam
385:Faisal I bin al-Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi
48:
7172:Generations are numbered by descent from
5901:
1267:falsely accused him of being an Iranian.
873:Learn how and when to remove this message
8174:20th-century monarchs in the Middle East
7999:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
7929:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
7894:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
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771:
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485:to encourage common loyalty and promote
7874:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
7859:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
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5858:. Scarecrow Press, Lanham. p. 56.
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885:On 7 March 1920, Faisal was proclaimed
569:World War One and the Great Arab Revolt
14:
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6108:Baghdad - City of Peace, City of Blood
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1583:A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia
1172:. This led to a great interest in the
399:; 20 May 1885 â 8 September 1933) was
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1986:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1607:The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones
807:Following the decisions taken by the
665:, defeating the defence organised by
450:, and led the Arab delegation at the
334:Faisal bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi
7309:
6627:Karsh, Efraim; Karsh, Inari (2022).
6598:. Yale University Press, New Haven.
5851:
5761:
1391:
1365:
855:adding citations to reliable sources
826:
8234:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire
8199:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
7909:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
6803:. 18 September 1933. Archived from
1424:In August 1933, incidents like the
784:On 4 January 1919, Emir Faisal and
696:
393:ÙÙŰ”Ù Ű§ÙŰŁÙÙ ŰšÙ Ű§ÙŰŰłÙÙ ŰšÙ ŰčÙÙ Ű§ÙÙۧێÙ
Ù
392:
39:
24:
8284:Iraqi people of Circassian descent
7849:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
7371:1936â1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
6971:23 August 1921 â 8 September 1933
6700:
6053:Reagan, Bernard (1 January 2016).
5809:. britannica.com. 8 September 1933
605:in Wadi Safra, Faisal met Captain
25:
8295:
7914:Palestine Liberation Organization
7164:
7069:
6763:
1503:overthrow of the monarchy in 1958
911:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
758:, which met the following month.
702:Participation in peace conference
67:23 August 1921 â 8 September 1933
8128:
8127:
7854:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
7537:IranâSaudi Arabia proxy conflict
7202:
7123:
7081:
6779:. 28 August 1933. Archived from
5974:The International History Review
5699:
5685:
5559:
5459:
5436:
5307:
5284:
5140:
5117:
5092:
4954:
1609:: Chapter 19 The Winds of Change
1604:. On video, he was portrayed in
831:
822:
733:
585:. Left to right: Rustum Haidar,
415:, and ruled as the unrecognized
8254:People of the Franco-Syrian War
8179:20th-century Syrian politicians
7497:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'Ă©tat
7018:24 July 1920 â 8 September 1933
6673:"Faisal's Pan-Arabism, 1921-33"
6553:
6516:
6505:
6491:
6435:
6198:Rezonville (17 February 1931).
6191:
6143:
6097:
6082:
6000:
5961:
1286:Relations with religious groups
1234:Public relationship with Iraqis
928:
842:needs additional citations for
811:in April 1920, on 13 May 1920,
638:Committee of Union and Progress
407:family, he was a leader of the
8274:20th-century Iraqi politicians
7939:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
7701:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
7174:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
7021:Reason for succession failure:
6582:
6036:, United Nations, 8 July 1947
6007:United Nations (8 July 1947).
5884:
5845:
5821:
1576:; in the unofficial sequel to
1513:Faisal was married to Sharifa
1421:joined the League of Nations.
1353:were prepared to back him up.
640:(CUP). The Israeli historians
591:Captain Pisani (behind Faisal)
583:Paris Peace Conference of 1919
432:Grand Emir and Sharif of Mecca
359:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
27:King of Iraq from 1921 to 1933
13:
1:
5912:Islamic Imperialism A History
5755:
1074:and would not have one until
1070:, as Iraq did not yet have a
989:On 12 June 1921, Faisal left
934:Accession to the Iraqi throne
685:was described by Lawrence in
525:), in 1885, the third son of
508:
7884:Federation of Arab Republics
7844:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
7834:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
7435:IsraeliâPalestinian conflict
7383:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
6931:8 March 1920 â 24 July 1920
6671:Masalha, N. (October 1991).
6637:: Harvard University Press.
6529:The Modern History of Jordan
1349:that the Iraqi Shi'i Muslim
745:British and Arab forces took
577:Emir Faisal's delegation at
565:group of Arab nationalists.
159:8 March 1920 â 24 July 1920
7:
8009:Flag of the Arab Federation
7839:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
7829:Arab Socialist Action Party
6870:20th Century Press Archives
6619:The Seven Pillars of Wisdom
6089:Hardi, Mahdi Abdul (2017).
5678:
1614:
1553:Prince Mohammed bin Faisal.
1528:Princess Rajiha bint Faisal
1405:Independence and last years
1227:Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din
1117:King Faisal I in Syria 1920
10:
8300:
7980:On the Way of Resurrection
7973:The Battle for One Destiny
7904:Lebanese National Movement
7345:Third International Theory
6999:French mandate established
6938:French mandate established
5725:Timeline of Syrian history
1534:Princess Rafia bint Faisal
1290:Faisal regularly attended
1242:King Faisal I wearing the
1210:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930
1186:universal military service
765:
737:
464:invaded a few months later
8279:People of the Arab Revolt
8229:Ottoman Arab nationalists
8123:
8032:
7989:
7957:
7934:Unified Political Command
7824:Arab Nationalist Movement
7769:
7721:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
7581:
7550:
7517:1969 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
7388:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
7353:
7317:
7263:
7237:
7211:
7200:
7181:
7170:
7121:
7088:
7079:
7028:
7025:Kingdom abolished in 1920
7003:
6990:
6983:
6973:
6964:
6953:
6924:
6913:
6908:
6881:
6721:10.1017/s0020743800034966
5715:FaisalâWeizmann Agreement
5615:
5613:
5524:
5522:
5401:
5399:
5391:
5389:
5381:
5379:
5239:
5237:
5229:
5227:
5219:
5217:
5207:
5205:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4919:
4917:
4844:
4842:
4758:
4756:
4681:
4679:
4604:
4602:
4529:
4527:
4454:
4452:
4379:
4377:
4293:
4291:
4209:
4207:
4121:
4119:
4037:
4035:
3951:
3949:
3865:
3863:
3779:
3777:
3692:
3690:
3606:
3604:
3518:
3516:
3432:
3430:
3357:
3355:
3271:
3269:
3196:
3194:
3121:
3119:
3044:
3042:
2969:
2967:
2894:
2892:
2819:
2817:
2744:
2742:
2669:
2667:
2594:
2592:
2519:
2517:
2444:
2442:
2367:
2365:
2292:
2290:
2213:
2211:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2058:
2056:
2040:
2038:
1982:
1980:
1952:
1950:
1934:
1932:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1743:
1741:
1522:Princess Azza bint Faisal
1024:, where he prayed at its
768:FaisalâWeizmann Agreement
762:FaisalâWeizmann Agreement
372:
364:
354:
342:
333:
328:
324:
288:
276:
260:
243:
216:
212:
183:
173:
163:
155:
148:
91:
81:
71:
63:
56:
47:
34:
8269:20th-century Arab people
8264:19th-century Arab people
7442:1952 Egyptian revolution
6652:Ireland, Philip (1936).
6614:Lawrence, Thomas Edwards
6106:: the High Commissioner,
1611:(1995) by Anthony Zaki.
1454:
1378:during a visit to Turkey
1081:
756:Syrian National Congress
710:Kingdom of Syria in 1918
456:Syrian National Congress
108:Abd al-Rahman al-Gillani
8184:Iraqi Arab nationalists
8095:Palestinian nationalism
8014:Flag of the Arab Revolt
7507:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
7487:1963 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
7467:1961 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
6744:Tripp, Charles (2007).
5720:List of Syrian monarchs
1557:
975:British Mandate of Iraq
687:Seven Pillars of Wisdom
633:Seven Pillars of Wisdom
317:Prince Mohammed of Iraq
303:Princess Rajiha of Iraq
112:Abd al-Muhsin as-Sa'dun
8189:Field marshals of Iraq
7522:1969 Libyan revolution
7400:1941 Iraqi coup d'Ă©tat
6677:Middle Eastern Studies
6622:. Wordsworth Editions.
6091:Documents on Palestine
5956:Karsh & Karsh 2022
5941:Karsh & Karsh 2022
5924:Karsh & Karsh 2022
5659:Crown Prince of Jordan
1505:, but later restored.
1479:
1467:
1414:
1379:
1363:
1253:Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi
1247:
1142:
1118:
1091:
969:In March 1921, at the
962:
781:
716:Paris Peace Conference
711:
601:On 23 October 1916 at
598:
561:, and joined with the
462:. In response, France
454:in 1919. In 1920, the
452:Paris Peace Conference
308:Princess Rafia of Iraq
8239:Ottoman Sunni Muslims
8080:Jordanian nationalism
7814:Arab Islamic Republic
7809:Arab Higher Committee
7686:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
7666:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
7477:North Yemen civil war
7410:ArabâIsraeli conflict
7224:Crown Prince Abdullah
7006:â TITULAR â
6847:"King Faisal of Iraq"
5968:Caplan, Neil (1983).
1509:Marriage and children
1478:, Transjordan in 1933
1473:
1462:
1412:
1373:
1358:
1241:
1198:Syrian Druze uprising
1124:
1116:
1090:King Faisal I of Iraq
1089:
941:
901:. In April 1920, the
891:Arab Kingdom of Syria
775:
740:Arab Kingdom of Syria
709:
621:SykesâPicot agreement
576:
531:Grand Sharif of Mecca
434:, Faisal was born in
421:Arab Kingdom of Syria
368:Abdiyah bint Abdullah
298:Princess Azza of Iraq
140:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
8115:Tunisian nationalism
8085:Lebanese nationalism
8045:Egyptian nationalism
8040:Algerian nationalism
7944:United Arab Republic
7819:Arab Liberation Army
7799:Arab Ba'ath Movement
7656:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
6821:"Dreaming in Arabic"
6526:(15 December 1998).
5852:Hahn, Peter (2007).
5740:Abdullah I of Jordan
4641:Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala
1703:(eponymous ancestor)
1463:King Faisal tomb in
1449:Arab-Jewish conflict
1040:Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi
851:improve this article
790:Zionist Organization
776:Faisal (right) with
313:King Ghazi I of Iraq
266:Iraqi Royal Cemetery
200:Rida Pasha al-Rikabi
8219:Iraqi Sunni Muslims
8105:Sahrawi nationalism
7462:1959 Mosul uprising
7395:Great Syrian Revolt
6783:on 22 November 2010
6488:, pp. 684â685.
6476:, pp. 683â684.
6310:, pp. 689â690.
6253:, pp. 690â691.
6238:, pp. 679â680.
6188:, pp. 327â328.
6140:, pp. 339â340.
1597:Queen of the Desert
1540:Ghazi, King of Iraq
1515:Huzaima bint Nasser
1193:Great Syrian Revolt
1139:Mandatory Palestine
1058:and Basra. Ottoman
984:Nuri Pasha al-Sa'id
913:, which led to the
903:San Remo conference
817:British War Cabinet
809:San Remo conference
794:Balfour Declaration
788:, President of the
752:Armistice of Mudros
677:and the capture of
659:30-month-long siege
649:and Djemal Pasha.
513:Faisal was born in
475:new Kingdom of Iraq
281:Huzaima bint Nasser
168:Military occupation
76:Military occupation
8244:People from Jeddah
8110:Syrian nationalism
8090:Libyan nationalism
8050:Greater Mauritania
7966:The Arab Awakening
7949:United Arab States
7924:Rejectionist Front
7731:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7542:Yemeni unification
7532:Lebanese Civil War
7512:17 July Revolution
7482:Ramadan Revolution
7457:14 July Revolution
7267:House of Hashemite
6985:Titles in pretence
6946:President of Syria
6853:on 25 October 2011
6040:7 May 2015 at the
5896:The Jerusalem Post
5730:Battle of Maysalun
2251:Hasan Al-Mu'thanna
1600:(2015), played by
1586:(1990), played by
1572:(1962), played by
1569:Lawrence of Arabia
1480:
1468:
1415:
1380:
1248:
1143:
1119:
1092:
1028:and was welcomed.
998:Kinahan Cornwallis
963:
957:Commander General
951:Kinahan Cornwallis
919:Battle of Maysalun
782:
712:
599:
543:Ottoman parliament
178:Monarchy abolished
8249:People from Mecca
8141:
8140:
8070:Iraqi nationalism
7761:Constantin Zureiq
7611:Abdul Rahman Arif
7591:Butrus al-Bustani
7277:
7276:
7272:
7132:
7131:
7038:
7037:
7029:Succeeded by
7008:
7000:
6996:Kingdom abolished
6974:Succeeded by
6939:
6935:Kingdom abolished
6883:Faisal I of Iraq
6833:on 2 January 2010
6807:on 9 October 2010
6797:"Death of Feisal"
6771:"Border Massacre"
6755:978-0-521-87823-4
6746:A History of Iraq
6605:978-0-300-12732-4
5673:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5339:pretender to Iraq
5175:pretender to Iraq
1548:King Ali of Hejaz
1434:High Commissioner
1392:Palestinian issue
1385:Umayyad Caliphate
1366:Foreign relations
1339:Medhi al-Khalissi
1328:Tawfiq al-Suwaidi
1280:The Reactionaries
1215:Arab nationalists
1178:Iraq economically
1168:, and Baghdad to
1068:God Save the King
944:High commissioner
915:Franco-Syrian War
883:
882:
875:
815:forwarded to the
654:Operation Michael
589:, Prince Faisal,
559:Damascus Protocol
495:League of Nations
460:Mandate for Syria
426:The third son of
409:Great Arab Revolt
382:
381:
338:
337:
284:Latifa bint Hamed
124:Tawfiq al-Suwaidi
16:(Redirected from
8291:
8131:
8130:
8004:Eagle of Saladin
7711:Amin al-Husseini
7676:Faisal I of Iraq
7646:Sultan al-Atrash
7641:Mansur al-Atrash
7616:Abdul Salam Arif
7425:War of Attrition
7311:Arab nationalism
7304:
7297:
7290:
7281:
7280:
7270:
7206:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7136:
7135:
7127:
7111:
7085:
7073:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7041:
7040:
7026:
7022:
7004:
6998:
6960:Cairo Conference
6937:
6904:
6903:September 8 1933
6897:
6879:
6878:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6849:. Archived from
6842:
6840:
6838:
6832:
6826:. Archived from
6825:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6759:
6740:
6696:
6667:
6648:
6623:
6609:
6595:Faisal I of Iraq
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6567:. 1 January 2014
6557:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6520:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6502:, 28 August 1933
6495:
6489:
6483:
6477:
6471:
6465:
6459:
6450:
6439:
6433:
6427:
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6358:
6352:
6343:
6337:
6328:
6322:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6278:
6272:
6266:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6202:. Rezonville.com
6195:
6189:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6147:
6141:
6135:
6126:
6120:
6111:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6061:
6050:
6044:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6011:. Archived from
6004:
5998:
5997:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5944:
5938:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5908:
5899:
5891:Faisal of Arabia
5888:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5807:"britannica.com"
5803:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5770:
5750:Hussein of Hejaz
5709:
5704:
5703:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5662:
5576:
5563:
5476:
5463:
5453:
5440:
5341:
5324:
5311:
5301:
5288:
5276:
5177:
5160:
5144:
5134:
5121:
5109:
5096:
4973:
4958:
4805:
4720:
4643:
4340:
4254:
4171:
4169:
4082:
3998:
3912:
3826:
3740:
3653:
3568:
3566:
3479:
3318:
3083:
2406:
2254:
2174:
2097:
2009:
1887:
1784:
1704:
1665:
1664:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1588:Alexander Siddig
1437:Francis Humphrys
1430:Ramsay MacDonald
1257:Ma'ruf al-Rusafi
1196:1925, after the
1036:Muhammad al-Sadr
971:Cairo Conference
899:Hashim al-Atassi
878:
871:
867:
864:
858:
835:
827:
697:Post World War I
533:. He grew up in
521:(in present-day
491:Fertile Crescent
471:Cairo Conference
394:
326:
325:
250:
247:8 September 1933
226:
224:
204:Hashim al-Atassi
186:
120:Yasin al-Hashimi
52:
43:
42:
41:
32:
31:
21:
8299:
8298:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8214:House of Hashim
8144:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8119:
8055:Greater Morocco
8028:
8024:Pan-Arab colors
8019:Hawk of Quraish
7985:
7953:
7804:Arab Federation
7765:
7751:Abdullah Rimawi
7726:Mostéfa Merarda
7681:Muammar Gaddafi
7661:Ahmed Ben Bella
7636:Jamal al-Atassi
7626:Bashar al-Assad
7577:
7546:
7527:Black September
7405:Anglo-Iraqi War
7349:
7313:
7308:
7278:
7273:
7269:
7259:
7233:
7207:
7198:
7177:
7166:
7163:
7133:
7128:
7119:
7105:
7086:
7075:
7071:
7068:
7034:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7009:
7001:
6997:
6994:
6979:
6970:
6962:
6957:
6936:
6930:
6922:
6917:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6888:House of HÄshim
6884:
6856:
6854:
6845:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6823:
6819:
6810:
6808:
6795:
6786:
6784:
6769:
6766:
6756:
6703:
6701:Further reading
6645:
6606:
6585:
6580:
6570:
6568:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6521:
6517:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6492:
6484:
6480:
6472:
6468:
6460:
6453:
6440:
6436:
6428:
6424:
6416:
6412:
6404:
6400:
6392:
6388:
6380:
6376:
6368:
6361:
6353:
6346:
6338:
6331:
6323:
6314:
6306:
6302:
6294:
6281:
6273:
6269:
6261:
6257:
6249:
6242:
6234:
6230:
6222:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6196:
6192:
6184:
6180:
6172:
6165:
6157:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6136:
6129:
6121:
6114:
6102:
6098:
6087:
6083:
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4079:Sharif of Mecca
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3995:Sharif of Mecca
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3909:Sharif of Mecca
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3823:Sharif of Mecca
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3737:Sharif of Mecca
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1419:Kingdom of Iraq
1407:
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1334:, working with
1304:al-Sarai Mosque
1288:
1236:
1208:Faisal saw the
1084:
1072:national anthem
1050:(provinces) of
949:and Lieutenant
936:
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895:region of Syria
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661:, he conquered
571:
527:Hussein bin Ali
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413:First World War
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6532:. I.B.Tauris.
6515:
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6490:
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6466:
6464:, p. 690.
6451:
6449:, 2014 page 71
6441:Osman, Khalil
6434:
6432:, p. 387.
6422:
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6410:
6408:, p. 379.
6398:
6396:, p. 502.
6386:
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6374:
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6359:
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6312:
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6213:
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6151:
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6112:
6104:Justin Marozzi
6096:
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5980:(4): 561â614.
5960:
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5945:
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5916:
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1546:, daughter of
1544:Aliya bint Ali
1537:
1531:
1525:
1510:
1507:
1456:
1453:
1406:
1403:
1393:
1390:
1367:
1364:
1308:Shadhili Order
1300:Abbas Baghdadi
1292:Friday prayers
1287:
1284:
1265:Sati' al-Husri
1235:
1232:
1083:
1080:
1042:. Following a
959:Aylmer Haldane
935:
932:
930:
927:
881:
880:
839:
837:
830:
824:
821:
798:Arthur Balfour
786:Chaim Weizmann
780:in Syria, 1918
778:Chaim Weizmann
766:Main article:
763:
760:
738:Main article:
735:
732:
728:Ottoman Empire
703:
700:
698:
695:
607:T. E. Lawrence
595:T. E. Lawrence
570:
567:
535:Constantinople
519:Ottoman Empire
510:
507:
444:Ottoman Empire
438:and raised in
380:
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251:(aged 48)
245:
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238:Ottoman Empire
218:
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9:
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8227:
8225:
8224:Kings of Iraq
8222:
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8207:
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8195:
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8066:
8065:Greater Yemen
8063:
8061:
8060:Greater Syria
8058:
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7772:
7771:Organizations
7768:
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7759:
7757:
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7752:
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7717:
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7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7691:George Habash
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7671:Izzat Darwaza
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
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7644:
7642:
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7622:
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7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7606:Yasser Arafat
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7583:Personalities
7580:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7558:Arab identity
7556:
7555:
7553:
7549:
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7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7472:Arab Cold War
7470:
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7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7205:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7189:King Faisal I
7187:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7175:
7169:
7165:Iraqi princes
7160:
7155:
7153:
7148:
7146:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7126:
7116:
7113:
7109:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7074:
7072:Kings of Iraq
7065:
7060:
7058:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7033:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7013:King of Syria
7007:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6969:
6968:
6961:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6942:Subhi Barakat
6933:
6929:
6928:
6927:King of Syria
6921:
6916:
6912:
6907:
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6889:
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6646:
6644:9780674039346
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6611:
6607:
6601:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6566:
6565:alhussein.gov
6562:
6561:"Family tree"
6556:
6541:
6539:9781860643316
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6309:
6304:
6297:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6276:
6271:
6264:
6259:
6252:
6247:
6245:
6237:
6232:
6225:
6220:
6218:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6182:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6160:
6155:
6146:
6139:
6134:
6132:
6124:
6119:
6117:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6092:
6085:
6069:
6065:
6058:
6057:
6049:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6030:
6015:on 7 May 2015
6014:
6010:
6003:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5952:
5950:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5925:
5920:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5881:, p. 76.
5880:
5879:Lawrence 1997
5875:
5867:
5865:9780810864566
5861:
5857:
5856:
5848:
5841:
5836:
5829:
5824:
5808:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5760:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5745:Ghazi of Iraq
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
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5718:
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5713:
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5708:
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5683:
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5654:
5653:
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5491:
5489:
5486:
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5439:
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5404:
5348:
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5340:
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5333:
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5316:
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5310:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5244:
5242:
5184:
5182:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5158:
5154:
5153:King of Syria
5149:
5148:
5143:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5107:
5106:King of Hejaz
5101:
5100:
5095:
5072:
5069:
5061:
5059:
5051:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5015:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:King of Hejaz
4968:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4924:
4922:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4849:
4847:
4811:
4809:
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4260:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4214:
4212:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4159:Abu Numayy II
4126:
4124:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4042:
4040:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3989:
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3697:
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3399:
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3324:
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3276:
3274:
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3201:
3199:
3163:
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3126:
3124:
3088:
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3011:
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3006:
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2781:
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2747:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2674:
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2636:
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2631:
2599:
2597:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2524:
2522:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2449:
2447:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:Musa Al-Djawn
2372:
2370:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2297:
2295:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2218:
2216:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2095:
2094:fourth caliph
2089:
2088:
2063:
2061:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1957:
1955:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1886:
1885:
1859:
1856:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1812:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1748:
1746:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1666:
1663:
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1658:
1655:
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1636:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1592:Werner Herzog
1589:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1574:Alec Guinness
1571:
1570:
1565:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
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1489:
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1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1377:
1376:Mustafa Kemal
1372:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:Eid al-Ghadir
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1272:Rustam Haidar
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1108:Arab identity
1105:
1100:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:al-Kadhimiyya
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
980:Gertrude Bell
976:
972:
967:
960:
956:
952:
948:
945:
940:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
877:
874:
866:
856:
852:
846:
845:
840:This section
838:
834:
829:
828:
823:King of Syria
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
779:
774:
769:
759:
757:
753:
749:
746:
741:
734:Greater Syria
731:
729:
725:
721:
720:Gertrude Bell
717:
708:
694:
692:
691:David Fromkin
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
650:
648:
643:
639:
635:
634:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:, during the
580:
575:
566:
564:
560:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Sunni Muslims
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
390:
386:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
350:
347:
345:
341:
332:
327:
323:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
291:
287:
282:
279:
275:
271:
270:al-'Adhamiyya
267:
263:
259:
256:, Switzerland
255:
246:
242:
239:
235:
234:Hejaz Vilayet
231:
219:
215:
211:
205:
201:
198:
197:
194:
188:
182:
179:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
150:King of Syria
147:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
105:
102:
96:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
46:
33:
30:
19:
8100:Pan-Islamism
7978:
7971:
7964:
7864:Ba'ath Party
7741:Ameen Rihani
7675:
7601:Jassem Alwan
7596:Michel Aflaq
7452:Algerian War
7378:Iraqi Revolt
7255:Prince Mired
7229:Prince Ra'ad
7219:King Ghazi I
7188:
7103:'Abd al-Ilah
7092:
7011:
7010:
7005:
6992:New creation
6991:
6967:King of Iraq
6965:
6955:New creation
6954:
6934:
6925:
6915:New creation
6914:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6855:. Retrieved
6851:the original
6835:. Retrieved
6828:the original
6809:. Retrieved
6805:the original
6800:
6785:. Retrieved
6781:the original
6774:
6745:
6712:
6708:
6676:
6654:
6629:
6618:
6594:
6569:. Retrieved
6564:
6555:
6543:. Retrieved
6528:
6524:Kamal Salibi
6518:
6507:
6497:
6493:
6486:Masalha 1991
6481:
6474:Masalha 1991
6469:
6462:Masalha 1991
6442:
6437:
6425:
6413:
6401:
6389:
6377:
6308:Masalha 1991
6303:
6296:Masalha 1991
6275:Masalha 1991
6270:
6263:Masalha 1991
6258:
6251:Masalha 1991
6236:Masalha 1991
6231:
6224:Masalha 1991
6206:26 September
6204:. Retrieved
6193:
6186:Ireland 1936
6181:
6174:Ireland 1936
6159:Ireland 1936
6154:
6145:
6123:Ireland 1936
6099:
6090:
6084:
6079:(PhD thesis)
6071:. Retrieved
6055:
6048:
6029:
6017:. Retrieved
6013:the original
6002:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5919:
5911:
5894:
5886:
5874:
5854:
5847:
5835:
5823:
5811:. Retrieved
5778:. Retrieved
5776:. rulers.org
5774:"rulers.org"
5735:Ali of Hejaz
5674:
5650:
5564:
5482:
5473:King of Iraq
5464:
5441:
5330:
5321:King of Iraq
5312:
5289:
5266:'Abd Al-Ilah
5264:
5166:
5157:King of Iraq
5146:
5145:
5122:
5097:
4959:
4879:
4793:
4718:Abdul Mu'een
4717:
4640:
4564:
4489:
4414:
4328:
4244:
4157:
4072:
3986:
3900:
3814:
3728:
3641:
3556:Abu Numayy I
3554:
3467:
3392:
3306:
3231:
3156:
3081:Abd Al-Karim
3080:
3004:
2929:
2854:
2779:
2704:
2629:
2554:
2479:
2403:
2327:
2249:
2171:fifth caliph
2162:
2111:
2085:
1997:
1900:
1882:
1779:
1696:
1605:
1602:Younes Bouab
1595:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1561:
1512:
1495:Haifa Street
1492:
1481:
1446:
1423:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1381:
1359:
1355:
1320:Dhu al-Hijja
1312:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1269:
1249:
1223:Nuri al-Said
1207:
1190:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1093:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1030:
988:
968:
964:
929:King of Iraq
884:
869:
860:
849:Please help
844:verification
841:
813:Lord Allenby
806:
783:
743:
713:
686:
667:Fakhri Pasha
651:
642:Efraim Karsh
631:
630:In his book
629:
625:Three Pashas
617:Djemal Pasha
610:
600:
587:Nuri as-Said
547:
523:Saudi Arabia
512:
483:Shii Muslims
468:
425:
401:King of Iraq
396:
384:
383:
249:(1933-09-08)
192:
177:
167:
136:Naji Shawkat
132:Nuri al-Said
100:
75:
58:King of Iraq
29:
8259:Arab Revolt
8159:1933 deaths
8154:1885 births
7794:Arab Ba'ath
7716:Salah Jadid
7573:Arabization
7420:Six-Day War
7415:Suez Crisis
7361:Arab Revolt
7340:Pan-Arabism
7250:Prince Zeid
7194:Prince Zeid
6920:Arab revolt
6896:20 May 1885
6590:Allawi, Ali
6583:Works cited
6430:Allawi 2014
6418:Allawi 2014
6406:Allawi 2014
6394:Allawi 2014
6382:Allawi 2014
6370:Allawi 2014
6355:Allawi 2014
6340:Allawi 2014
6325:Allawi 2014
6138:Allawi 2014
5840:Allawi 2014
5707:Asia portal
5693:Iraq portal
5566:Abdullah II
1374:Faisal and
1351:Mujtahideen
1261:al-Jawahiri
1191:During the
1182:Iraq's army
1151:nationalism
1131:Transjordan
1099:nationalism
1026:main mosque
955:Mesopotamia
683:Arab Revolt
647:Enver Pasha
487:pan-Arabism
411:during the
377:Sunni Islam
227:20 May 1885
164:Predecessor
72:Predecessor
18:Emir Faisal
8148:Categories
7958:Literature
7651:Tariq Aziz
7568:Arab world
7563:Arab Union
7492:Dhofar War
6837:27 January
6664:1006212063
6571:8 February
6545:7 February
6445:, London:
6068:1004745577
6019:20 October
5756:References
5124:Abdullah I
4073:Barakat II
1649:Hashemites
1564:David Lean
1314:linage to
1044:plebiscite
579:Versailles
509:Early life
223:1885-05-20
40:ÙÙŰ”Ù Ű§ÙŰŁÙÙ
8164:Dhawu Awn
7991:Symbolism
7335:Nasserism
7330:Ba'athism
7265:See also
7115:Faisal II
6811:18 August
6787:18 August
6737:162677596
6685:0026-3206
6635:Cambridge
6447:Routledge
6110:, (2014).
5986:0707-5332
5813:2 January
5780:2 January
5466:Faisal II
3902:Barakat I
3643:Rumaythah
1884:Abu Talib
1590:; and in
1347:Percy Cox
1336:Ayatollah
1296:al-Rihani
1219:Palestine
1202:Hashemite
1155:wataniyya
1135:Jerusalem
947:Percy Cox
917:. In the
863:June 2014
802:Palestine
405:Hashemite
349:Hashemite
174:Successor
82:Successor
8133:Category
8075:Islamism
7784:Al-Fatat
7551:Concepts
7318:Ideology
7093:Faisal I
6616:(1997).
6592:(2014).
6038:Archived
5994:40105338
5679:See also
5147:Faisal I
4795:Muhammad
4490:Abdullah
4330:Abdullah
3988:Muhammad
2855:Suleiman
2705:Abdullah
2630:Muhammad
2480:Abdullah
2328:Abdullah
1999:Muhammad
1902:Abdallah
1615:Ancestry
1578:Lawrence
1566:'s epic
1441:Assyrian
1432:ordered
1332:Muharram
1166:Damascus
1148:pan-Arab
1127:Abdullah
1096:pan-Arab
1060:vilayets
1048:vilayets
748:Damascus
724:emirates
679:Damascus
612:vilayets
563:al-Fatat
554:Damascus
541:for the
448:Damascus
440:Istanbul
373:Religion
193:See list
101:See list
35:Faisal I
7779:Al-Awda
7354:History
7098:Ghazi I
6872:of the
6868:in the
6857:30 June
6693:4283470
5652:Hussein
5443:Hussein
4961:Hussein
4415:Hussein
3157:Muta'in
2930:Hussein
2113:Fatimah
1499:Baghdad
1465:Baghdad
1343:Karbala
1246:in 1932
1162:Baghdad
1064:vilayet
1056:Baghdad
1014:Samawah
889:of the
550:Entente
419:of the
277:Spouses
86:Ghazi I
7108:Regent
7032:Ä ÄzÄ« I
6977:Ä ÄzÄ« I
6899:
6752:
6735:
6729:162381
6727:
6691:
6683:
6662:
6641:
6602:
6536:
6073:17 May
6066:
5992:
5984:
5862:
4565:Muhsin
4245:Hassan
3816:Hassan
3469:Hassan
3308:Qatada
1698:Hashim
1244:Sidara
1141:, 1933
1104:Persia
1038:, and
1033:Sayyid
1018:Hillah
1006:Ulama'
991:Jeddah
907:France
671:Allies
663:Medina
539:Jeddah
529:, the
430:, the
389:Arabic
365:Mother
355:Father
261:Burial
7879:Fatah
6901:Died:
6894:Born:
6831:(PDF)
6824:(PDF)
6733:S2CID
6725:JSTOR
6689:JSTOR
6512:Rasit
6060:(PDF)
5990:JSTOR
5332:Ra'ad
5314:Ghazi
5291:Talal
3730:Ajlan
3232:Idris
2164:Hasan
1488:Ghazi
1476:Amman
1455:Death
1174:Mosul
1170:Amman
1082:Reign
1052:Mosul
1010:Najaf
1002:Basra
923:Syria
905:gave
893:(the
603:Hamra
515:Mecca
503:Ghazi
436:Mecca
344:House
329:Names
290:Issue
230:Mecca
156:Reign
64:Reign
7106:(as
6859:2011
6839:2010
6813:2009
6801:Time
6789:2009
6776:Time
6750:ISBN
6681:ISSN
6660:OCLC
6639:ISBN
6600:ISBN
6573:2018
6547:2018
6534:ISBN
6499:Time
6208:2018
6075:2021
6064:OCLC
6021:2018
5982:ISSN
5860:ISBN
5815:2012
5782:2012
5484:Zeid
5168:Zeid
3005:Issa
2555:Musa
1558:Film
1484:Bern
1076:1932
909:the
887:King
499:Bern
481:and
417:King
254:Bern
244:Died
217:Born
6944:as
6874:ZBW
6717:doi
5099:Ali
4880:Ali
3393:Ali
2780:Ali
2087:Ali
1594:'s
1316:Ali
1164:to
1133:in
1129:of
1078:.
1008:at
995:Sir
853:by
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