723:—former Ottoman soldiers who had fought in the Arab revolt—saw conscription as a holy duty, and those in power also saw it as a way to create national unity and an Iraqi identity. On the other side, Iraqi Shi'a found it repugnant, and the various tribes who wished to be autonomous found it threatening. The British were not in favor of conscription, as they thought it could lead to issues in Iraq that would require their intervention, and they also wanted to keep the country weak to enable them to have tighter control of the country. Further complicating al-Askari's term was the growing Shi'a discontent in Iraq with massive protests occurring across the country in response to a book written by a Sunni official criticizing the Shi'a majority, as well as the promotion of the commanding officer of an army unit that opened fire on Shi'a demonstrators during a rally. Also at this time, the British wanted a new Anglo-Iraqi Treaty signed. Among the numerous powers the British retained in the new Treaty, the British would support Iraq's entry into the
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The
British, the Iraqis, and many of Sidqi's supporters were horrified by the act. The new government only lasted 10 months before Sidqi was assassinated in a plot by the Officers' Corps of the Iraqi army. After his assassination, his government was dissolved and Sulayman stepped down as prime minister. Al-Asakari's brother-in-law was not content with Sidqi's death, and sought revenge against those he found responsible for al-Askari's death. He claimed Sulayman and others were plotting to assassinate
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685:, the son of Sharif Hussein, to be King. Faisal had never even been to Iraq, and so chose certain commanders familiar with the area to fill various posts, including al-Askari, who was appointed Minister of Defense. During this period, al-Askari arranged the return of 600 Iraqi Ottoman soldiers to form the Officer Corps of the new Iraqi army.
605:. Al-Askari made one escape attempt by fashioning a rope out of blankets to scale the citadel walls. During this attempt, the blanket tore and al-Askari fell, breaking his ankle and leading to his capture by the guards. According to his obituary, al-Askari offered to pay for the blanket, as he was on friendly terms with his captors.
636:, al-Askari decided that this was precisely in line with beliefs he had and decided to join the Hashemite Revolt along with Nuri al-Said. At first, Sharif Hussein was hesitant to let al-Askari, a former general in the Ottoman army, join his forces, but eventually relented, and al-Askari was invited by Hussein's son,
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Al-Askari's assassination proved to be detrimental to Sidqi. Many of Sidqi's supporters in the army no longer supported the coup, as al-Askari was popular among the rank-and-file—many of whom had been recruited and trained under him. His death helped to undermine the legitimacy of Sidqi's government.
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in Syria. During his time as governor in Syria, al-Askari heard from Iraqis about the status of their country during
British rule. Al-Askari advocated the idea that Iraqis could take charge of their own country and could govern it better than the British. Al-Askari was in favor of a Hashemite ruler
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in 1932—not in 1928 as previously promised—as long as it kept itself progressing in a manner consistent with
British supervision. Al-Askari resigned as prime minister in December 1927 as a result of the lukewarm reception the Draft Treaty received among the Iraqi people and the growing discontent
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As a reward for his loyalty, Faisal granted al-Askari several important cabinet positions, including
Minister of Defense in the first Iraqi government, as well as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Al-Askari served as prime minister twice. Al-Askari was assassinated during the events of the
756:. Sidqi was suspicious and ordered his men to intercept and kill al-Askari. His body was hastily buried along the roadside as Sidqi's supporters triumphantly took over Baghdad. It is mentioned in some sources that Sidqi claimed to be a distant cousin of al-Askari.
632:, to create an Arab country led by Hussein. Upon learning about the Arab Revolt, and due to an increasingly hostile Ottoman approach to Arab affairs as embodied by the execution of a number of prominent Arabs for nationalist activities by
752:, al-Askari, who was serving as Minister of Defense, was sent to negotiate with Bakr Sidqi in an attempt to stop the violence, and to inform him of the new change in government, since Hashimi resigned and was replaced with Sidqi's ally
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In addition to his two terms as prime minister, al-Askari also served as
Minister for Foreign Affairs, as Diplomatic Minister in London, and as Minister of Defense on four separate occasions. He was elected as the president of the
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from 1910 to 1912 to train and study as part of an
Ottoman initiative to reform the army through the selection of officers via competition. Al-Askari stayed in this program until ordered back to the Ottoman Empire to fight in the
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After the end of the Balkan Wars in 1913, al-Askari was made an instructor at the
Officer Training College in Aleppo, but eight months later passed the qualifications for the Staff Officers' College in Constantinople.
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In
November 1923, King Faisal appointed al-Askari as Prime Minister of Iraq. Faisal wanted a strong supporter of the King to be prime minister during this key time when the
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origin. His father, Mustafa Abdul Rahman al-Mudarris, was a colonel in the
Ottoman Army. Al-Askari attended the Military College in Baghdad before transferring to the
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764:. The evidence was speculative and, in all likelihood, false, and yet they were found guilty and sentenced to death, later commuted to life in prison.
628:. This revolt had been sponsored by the British and the Triple Entente to weaken the Ottoman Empire. In exchange, the British had promised, during the
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discontent. Conscription was a controversial issue, with some believing it was needed to encourage a strong Iraq by creating a strong army.
704:, the treaty passed in the Constituent Assembly. Al-Askari subsequently resigned as prime minister due to his personal dissatisfaction.
700:. Many Iraqis were opposed to the treaty, and it appeared the treaty would not be signed. However, after threats by High Commissioner
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Report by His
Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq
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Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq
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A Soldier's Story: From Ottoman Rule to Independent Iraq: the Memoirs of Jafar Pasha Al-Askari
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until he was captured by British forces. After his release, he was converted to the cause of
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444:; 15 September 1885 – 29 October 1936) was an Iraqi politician who served twice as
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After World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, another of Hussein's sons,
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In November 1926, Faisal again appointed al-Askari (who at the time was acting as a
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in London) Prime Minister of Iraq. Two main issues dominated his term in office:
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overthrew the government. At the time, he was serving as Minister of Defense in
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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and was promoted to General. After his promotion, he was sent to command the
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Al-Askari, Jafar Pasha (2003). Facey, William; Ṣafwat, Najdat Fatḥī (eds.).
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Sometime after his escape attempt, al-Askari learned about the nationalist
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in 1918 and supported Faisal's bid for the Syrian throne. When Faisal was
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for Iraq with ties to Britain; he joined his friend Nuri al-Sa’id in the
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519:. The fourth of five brothers and one sister, al-Askari's family was of
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opened in March 1924. The dominant issue during this assembly was the
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broke out, al-Askari first fought on the side of the Ottomans and the
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999:] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. London: Dar al-Hikma. p. 268.
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974:" (1936). Foreign Office: Confidential Print, ID: FO 406/74. Kew:
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In 1921, the British set up an Arab government in Iraq and chose
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Iraq, 1900 to 1950: A Political, Social, and Economic History
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Ja'far Pasha al-Askari was born on 15 September 1885 in
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World War I prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
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103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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972:Further Correspondence Parts XXXVIII & XXXIX
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27:3rd and 6th prime minister of Iraq (1885–1936)
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483:in 1920, al-Askari supported his bid for the
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976:The National Archives of the United Kingdom
338:21 November 1926 – 11 January 1928
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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239:Learn how and when to remove this message
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163:Learn how and when to remove this message
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585:in Libya. His campaign started in the
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535:. Al-Askari was then sent to
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1028:Abd al-Muhsin as-Sa'dun
865:Tripp, Charles (2002).
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989:Basri, Mir (2004).
959:. 1931. p. 10.
941:. 1930. p. 17.
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407:(1936-10-29)
366:Succeeded by
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95:Please help
90:verification
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49:Please help
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1667:1936 deaths
1662:1885 births
1598:Abdul-Mahdi
1517:A. Pachachi
1476:(2003–2004)
1440:as-Samarrai
1404:(1968–2003)
1327:(1958–1968)
1245:H. Pachachi
1194:(1932–1958)
1126:(1920–1932)
658:Prince Zeid
634:Jamal Pasha
610:Arab Revolt
587:Dardanelles
579:World War I
558:Arab Revolt
542:Balkan Wars
457:World War I
354:Preceded by
309:Preceded by
1656:Categories
1603:Al-Kadhimi
1583:al-Jaafari
1492:al-Jaafari
1250:T. Suwaidi
1240:al-Hashimi
1225:al-Hashimi
1210:al-Gaylani
1162:N. Suwaidi
1157:T. Suwaidi
1152:al-Hashimi
1137:al-Gillani
955:(Report).
937:(Report).
768:References
762:King Ghazi
746:Bakr Sidqi
721:Sharifians
591:Iron Cross
567:Autochrome
497:Bakr Sidqi
203:footnoting
123:newspapers
52:improve it
1608:Al Sudani
1588:al-Maliki
1487:al-Ulooum
1358:al-Bazzaz
1353:ar-Razzaq
1285:al-Jamali
1220:al-Ayyubi
1215:al-Midfai
1147:al-Askari
1142:al-Sa'dun
887:18384194M
799:0968-3445
702:Percy Cox
648:in 1918.
614:Hashemite
334:In office
289:In office
211:July 2023
153:July 2023
58:talk page
1642:military
1593:al-Abadi
1542:al-Yawer
1527:al-Uloom
1512:al-Hakim
1507:Talabani
1230:Sulayman
843:8479542M
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487:throne.
465:Faisal I
347:Faisal I
302:Faisal I
199:citation
1639:interim
1532:Barzani
1497:Chalabi
1445:Hussein
1435:Zubeidi
1430:Hammadi
1425:Hussein
1420:al-Bakr
1415:an-Naif
1343:al-Bakr
1265:al-Sadr
1235:al-Said
1205:Shawkat
1167:al-Said
671:al-‘Ahd
533:Baghdad
527:in the
521:Kurdish
455:during
412:Baghdad
343:Monarch
298:Monarch
137:scholar
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1578:Allawi
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1280:Mahmud
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1537:Salim
1522:Hamid
1373:Yahya
1363:Talib
1348:Yahya
1338:Qasim
1300:Baban
995:[
717:Shi'a
618:Hijaz
577:When
485:Iraqi
144:JSTOR
130:books
1368:Arif
1260:Jabr
1115:List
1001:ISBN
915:ISBN
873:ISBN
829:ISBN
795:ISSN
715:and
467:and
402:Died
386:Born
201:and
116:news
99:by
1658::
895:^
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