495:
471:
870:
420:
554:
982:
221:. The Elven vocabulary was not subject to sudden or extreme change; except during the first conceptual stage c. 1910–c. 1920. Tolkien sometimes changed the "meaning" of an Elvish word, but he almost never disregarded it once invented, and he kept on refining its meaning, and countlessly forged new synonyms. Moreover, Elven etymology was in a constant flux. Tolkien delighted in inventing new
494:
464:
up his linguistically-developed material to be rebadged as
Sindarin, which would have had a long time to evolve in Middle-earth. This was to some extent an awkward solution, as Sindarin had quite different origins, and should have developed rather differently. Tolkien reshaped his "Tree of Tongues" accordingly.
463:
was published in 1937, the matter troubled him. He came up with a radical solution: the Noldor adopted the local language, Sindarin, as spoken by the Sindar or Green-Elves, when they settled in
Beleriand. That allowed Noldorin to be, more plausibly, a scarcely-altered dialect of Quenya; and it freed
70:
as they developed as a society throughout the Ages. In his pursuit for realism and in his love of language, Tolkien was especially fascinated with the development and evolution of language through time. Tolkien created two almost fully developed languages and a dozen more in various beginning stages
209:
Tolkien with his Quenya pursued a double aesthetic goal: "classical and inflected". This urge, in fact, was the motivation for his creation of a 'mythology'. While the language developed, he needed speakers, history for the speakers and all real dynamics, like war and migration: "It was primarily
83:, the realm of Middle-earth, not with the characters or narrative as one would assume, but with a created set of languages. The stories and characters serve as conduits to make those languages come to life. Inventing language was always a crucial piece to Tolkien's mythology and
926:
The older stages of Quenya were, and doubtless still are, known to the loremasters of the Eldar. It appears from these notices that besides certain ancient songs and compilations of lore that were orally preserved, there existed also some books and many ancient
166:, which he described many years later as "like discovering a complete wine-cellar filled with bottles of an amazing wine of a kind and flavour never tasted before. It quite intoxicated me." He had started his study of the Finnish language to be able to read the
303:
In his lifetime J.R.R. Tolkien never ceased to experiment on his constructed languages, and they were subjected to many revisions. They had many grammars with substantial differences between different stages of development. After the publication of
260:, the tongue of the gods or Valar: "The language of the Elves derived in the beginning from the Valar, but they change it even in the learning, and moreover modified and enriched it constantly at all times by their own invention." In his
753:
In detail, Tolkien invented two subfamilies (subgroups) of the Elvish languages. "The language of the
Quendelie (Elves) was thus very early sundered into the branches Eldarin and Avarin". These further subdivided as follows:
431:, was intensely interested in the evolution of language families, and modelled his fictional languages and their evolution on real ones. The language names and evolution shown for Middle-earth are as used in the 1937
353:, from its issue 11 in 1995) are exclusively devoted to the editing and publishing of J.R.R. Tolkien's gigantic mass of previously unpublished linguistic papers, including those omitted by Christopher Tolkien from "
176:
The ingredients in Quenya are various, but worked out into a self-consistent character not precisely like any language that I know. Finnish, which I came across when I first begun to construct a 'mythology'
899:
on the right, the arrows and Green labels showing the migrations of the Elvish kindreds. The lowest Elves, the Avari, fragmented into many kindreds with different languages. Locations are diagrammatic.
605:, all the Elvish languages are presumed to be descendants of this common ancestor, including the two languages that Tolkien developed most fully, Quenya and Sindarin, as shown in the tree diagram.
1450:
Parma
Eldalamberon ... The Book of Elven Tongues ... is a journal of linguistic studies of fantasy literature, especially of the Elvish languages and nomenclature in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien.
27:
470:
1515:
91:
The invention of languages is the foundation. The 'stories' were made rather to provide a world for the languages than the reverse. To me a name comes first and the story follows.
5126:
4607:
550:, Christopher Tolkien wrote that his father was "more interested in the processes of change than he was in displaying the structure and use of the languages at any given time."
4628:
992:
Tolkien wrote out most samples of Elvish languages with the Latin alphabet, but within the fiction he imagined many writing systems for his Elves. The best-known are the "
3870:
4449:
5493:
181:, but that has been much reduced . It survives in some features: such as the absence of any consonant combinations initially, the absence of the voiced stops
1323:
2596:
4309:
1564:
Arda
Philology 7: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on JRR Tolkien's Invented Languages, Omentielva Otsea, Hayward, 10-13 August 2017
4572:
4662:
75:
by profession, he spent much time on his constructed languages. In the collection of letters he had written, posthumously published by his son,
5535:
4537:
5515:
4579:
4412:
939:
means "spoken language" or "verbal communication." Known members of the
Lambengolmor were Rúmil, who invented the first Elvish script (the
4463:
3957:
4291:
3727:
2820:
5240:
3922:
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1056:
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546:, never meant to be published, does not form a unified whole, but incorporates layer upon layer of changes. In his introduction to
5520:
5479:
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2589:
310:(1954–1955), the grammar rules of his major Elvish languages Quenya, Telerin and Sindarin went through very few changes (this is
1802:
A small fraction of
Tolkien's accounts of Elvish languages was published in his novels and scholarly works during his lifetime.
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3897:
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1713:
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125:
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linguistic in inspiration and was begun in order to provide the necessary background of 'history' for Elvish tongues".
5584:
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5486:
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3992:
2217:
1777:
1745:
1634:
1571:
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791:
Noldorin Quenya (and later Exilic Quenya, when the Noldor moved from
Valinor to Beleriand), colloquial speech of the
4752:
4702:
3997:
3952:
3902:
3890:
3771:
3164:
1895:
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408:
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248:
I find the construction and the interrelation of the languages an aesthetic pleasure in itself, quite apart from
534:. It is a list of roots of the Proto-Elvish language, from which he built his many Elvish languages, especially
4648:
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4053:
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3932:
3006:
1829:
1318:
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4530:
4080:
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1596:
178:
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1868:
5594:
4932:
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4090:
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3221:
3156:
3120:
2110:
1666:
354:
2548:. Succinct citations of Tolkien's own views of the purpose, completeness and usability of his languages.
236:
as his major tools in his constructed languages. He usually started with the phonological system of the
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3982:
3977:
3942:
3748:
3260:
2950:
2859:
2613:
919:
915:
909:
453:, the language was evidently sharply distinct from Qenya, implying rapid change. As Tolkien worked on
5563:
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4326:
4177:
4141:
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3245:
3171:
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2802:
1917:
1219:
1090:
869:
563:
520:
484:
402:
385:
4962:
4707:
4551:
4417:
4112:
4085:
4063:
4007:
3766:
2903:
3069:
2342:
2006 "Qenya
Declensions", "Qenya Conjugations", "Qenya Word-lists", ed. Gilson, Hostetter, Wynne,
4822:
4372:
4220:
4124:
3937:
3917:
3912:
3347:
3330:
3316:
2908:
996:
of Fëanor", but the first system he created, c. 1919, is the "Tengwar of Rúmil", also called the
892:
525:
424:
413:
214:
593:
is that they all originated from
Primitive Quendian or Quenderin, the proto-language of all the
162:
such as Animalic, and two or three constructed languages including Naffarin. He then discovered
5292:
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4235:
4117:
4022:
4012:
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3195:
3133:
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602:
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This was internally consistent, but for one thing. Central to the story was the history of the
419:
289:
3442:
3095:
1886:
967:
or "The 'Account of Tongues' which Pengolodh of Gondolin wrote in later days in Tol-eressëa".
955:
and remained in use ever after, and Pengolodh, who is credited with many works, including the
758:
Avarin is the language of various Elves of the Second and Third Clans, who refused to come to
5416:
4995:
4777:
4719:
4351:
4154:
4095:
4058:
4037:
3987:
3967:
3947:
3700:
3487:
3462:
3357:
3301:
3293:
3213:
3148:
2964:
2943:
2852:
2651:
2379:
1845:
1837:
1732:
1145:
1062:
883:) are shown in Boldface Blue; examples are the words for "Elves" in those languages (such as
826:
502:
306:
229:
205:(movement from); the personal possessives are also expressed by suffixes; there is no gender.
51:
510:
has replaced Noldorin. The 'new' Noldorin is just the Noldor's not very distinct dialect of
5426:
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1001:
976:
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Many of Tolkien's writings on his invented languages have been annotated and published by
8:
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76:
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The story of the Elvish languages as conceived by Tolkien from when he began working on
264:, Tolkien describes the mechanisms of sound change in the following daughter languages:
5411:
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4690:
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2898:
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2411:
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2351:
2007 "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals (Part Three)." Edited by Patrick H. Wynne.
2344:
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2158:
2149:
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1944:
1694:
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2005 "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals (Part Two)." Edited by Patrick H. Wynne.
2298:
2005 "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals (Part One)." Edited by Patrick H. Wynne.
1933:
1773:
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147:
80:
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1173:
J.R.R. Tolkien, "Lambion Ontale: Descent of Tongues", "Tengwesta Qenderinwa" 1,
445:. Their language, Noldorin, evolved very slowly in the changeless atmosphere of
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2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1960:
1938:
1705:
1670:
1663:
1357:
1320:
The Lord of the Rings 1954–2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder
1267:
1234:
343:
237:
139:
135:
84:
26:
3032:
1389:
1014:
811:
95:
Tolkien created scripts for his Elvish languages, of which the best known are
5578:
5465:
5459:
5371:
5165:
5074:
4942:
4847:
4817:
4695:
4271:
4210:
2795:
1873:
1541:
1361:
449:. Tolkien had developed its linguistics in some detail. With their return to
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2562:
981:
815:
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4902:
4797:
4345:
4286:
4245:
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4205:
3781:
3562:
2875:
2815:
2778:
2675:
2627:
2196:
2059:
1314:
957:
896:
830:
159:
67:
35:
1792:
This section lists the many sources by Tolkien documenting Elvish texts.
1533:
1438:
598:
256:
In the early 30s Tolkien decided that the proto-language of the Elves was
5381:
5376:
5131:
5051:
5029:
4862:
4857:
4840:
4828:
4767:
4250:
3437:
1516:"The Feanorian Alphabet, Part 1; Quenya Verb Structure by J.R.R. Tolkien"
428:
213:
The Elvish languages underwent countless revisions in grammar, mostly in
155:
4640:
3695:
3404:
3399:
553:
394:
of several related languages and dialects. In 1937, Tolkien drafted the
71:
as he studied and reproduced the way that language adapts and morphs. A
5351:
4917:
4807:
4266:
4240:
3537:
2935:
2768:
2763:
1808:
459:
367:
233:
5245:
5210:
4952:
3776:
3590:
2670:
5300:
5287:
5170:
5136:
4985:
4782:
3717:
3665:
3655:
3585:
3542:
3527:
3512:
3467:
3457:
2187:
1921:, adding some 600 words and many links between languages, pp. 377–448
1817:
1639:
1601:
1114:
From a letter to W. R. Matthews, dated 13–15 June 1964, published in
846:
829:, a branch of the Third Clan. It developed into various Nandorin and
558:
450:
222:
151:
72:
16:
Group of fictional languages in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien
5215:
3452:
1952:
1989 "The Plotz Quenya Declensions", first published in part in the
1037:
944:
5361:
5277:
5255:
5190:
5089:
5034:
5000:
4970:
4927:
4922:
4907:
4787:
4190:
3796:
3710:
3640:
3625:
3610:
3362:
2645:
1018:
837:
670:
568:
539:
507:
168:
63:
5235:
5195:
3472:
2289:
and Other Elvish Writings", ed. Smith, Gilson, Wynne, and Welden,
193:, also in some points of grammar, such as the inflexional endings
5441:
5386:
5305:
5282:
5230:
5084:
5017:
4975:
3845:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3690:
3670:
3595:
3552:
3532:
3497:
3492:
3477:
3447:
3178:
2809:
2718:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2541:
2129:
2001 "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" (written 1967–1969)
1953:
1913:, explaining the relationships between the languages, pp. 182–217
1909:
1821:
1289:
1033:
993:
963:
948:
858:
819:
778:
759:
446:
396:
381:
295:
257:
218:
100:
39:
2205:
2002 "Words of Joy: Five Catholic Prayers in Quenya (Part Two),
2165:
2002 "Words of Joy: Five Catholic Prayers in Quenya (Part One),
5436:
5272:
5250:
5225:
5175:
5121:
5111:
4912:
4872:
3840:
3791:
3645:
3615:
3557:
3547:
3522:
3384:
3367:
3311:
2844:
2713:
2621:
1813:
1009:
997:
986:
952:
940:
842:
807:
801:
792:
785:
773:
621:
535:
511:
442:
130:
96:
59:
31:
947:
who later enhanced and further developed this script into his
5431:
5356:
4990:
4947:
4937:
4835:
3835:
3620:
3394:
3340:
3323:
3306:
2708:
1043:
854:
317:
104:
4629:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
1406:
5391:
5046:
4762:
412:. They depict a tree of languages analogous to that of the
134:(c. 1915). At that time, Tolkien was already familiar with
2391:
2009 "Tengwesta Qenderinwa", ed. Gilson, Smith and Wynne,
561:' in Tolkien's Elvish languages, as described in the 1937
66:. These were the various languages spoken by the Elves of
4802:
3411:
3379:
887:), shown in Italic Black. These are overlaid on a map of
765:
Common Eldarin is the language of the three clans of the
2551:
2378:
2007 "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in
2098:
2000 "From The Shibboleth of Fëanor" (written ca. 1968)
2126:
2000 "Merin Sentence" Tyalie Tyalieva 14, p. 32–35
1504:, pp. 377–385 (Christopher Tolkien's introduction)
1230:
1228:
951:, which later was spread to Middle-earth by the Exiled
5494:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
1360:(2020) . "Invented Languages and Writing Systems". In
769:
during the Great March to Valinor. It developed into:
529:
477:
432:
189:, which are favoured) and the fondness for the ending
784:
Vanyarin Quenya or Quendya, colloquial speech of the
601:, and began "naturally" to make a language. With the
1263:
1261:
1225:
597:
who awoke together in the far east of Middle-earth,
2316:2006 "Pre-Fëanorian Alphabets", Part 1, ed. Smith,
1656:
1437:. The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship. Archived from
762:. It developed into at least six Avarin languages.
567:. Noldorin is in the place soon to be occupied by
528:of the Elvish languages, contemporaneous with the
298:, West Lemberin, North Lemberin, and East Lemberin
79:, he stated that he began stories set within this
1258:
918:of Elvish languages exists within the fiction of
861:; Noldorin Sindarin, spoken by the Exiled Noldor.
5576:
1246:
857:of Beleriand; North Sindarin, in Dorthonion and
2360:2007 "Five Late Quenya Volitive Inscriptions."
2062:, Enquiry into the communication of thought",
1495:
1208:
334:are listed in the Bibliography of this article.
1618:
1580:
1553:
1551:
1158:Letter from Tolkien to a reader, published in
800:Common Telerin, the early language of all the
476:Elvish language evolution as described in the
120:J. R. R. Tolkien began to construct his first
4656:
2860:
2604:
2590:
2463:2013 "Primitive Quendian: Final Consonants",
1628:(2013) . "Languages Invented by Tolkien". In
1590:(2006). "Elves: Kindreds and Migrations". In
575:
4580:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings
1507:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
244:the many mechanisms of sound change needed.
4538:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
1548:
985:"Sarati" in Tolkien's first Elvish script,
845:, a branch of the Third Clan, who dwelt in
781:(Eldamar) beyond the Sea; it divided into:
500:Elvish language evolution once Tolkien had
4663:
4649:
2867:
2853:
2597:
2583:
2071:1998 "From Quendi and Eldar, Appendix D."
1460:
1458:
318:Publication of Tolkien's linguistic papers
4670:
1693:
1624:
1586:
1341:
1196:
1152:
1102:
1086:
1057:Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
252:, of which it was/is in fact independent.
240:and then proceeded in inventing for each
4573:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
4524:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
4450:Things named after Tolkien and his works
2427:2010 "Outline of Phonetic Development",
2400:2009 "Pre-Fëanorian Alphabets, Part 2",
2089:2000 "Etymological Notes: Osanwe-kenta"
980:
868:
552:
418:
406:, both edited and published in the 1987
115:
25:
5480:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
4517:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
2499:2024 "The Fëanorian Alphabet, Part 2",
2481:2015 "The Fëanorian Alphabet, Part 1",
2472:2013 "Common Eldarin: Noun Structure",
1754:
1722:
1562:. In Beregond, Anders Stenström (ed.).
1513:
1501:
1464:
1455:
1285:
1252:
1214:
1202:
696:Noldorin Quenya (later, Exilic Quenya)
5577:
2333:", ed. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter,
1927:
1557:
903:
849:. Its dialects include Doriathrin, in
347:, from its issue 39 in July 1998, and
142:, Italian, Spanish, and three ancient
4644:
2848:
2578:
2147:2001 "Goldogrim Pronominal Prefixes"
1402:
1356:
810:, Elves of the Third Clan, living in
19:For Elvish languages in general, see
3189:The History of The Lord of the Rings
2013:1993 "The Bodleian Declensions", in
1986:1992 "Liège Tengwar Inscription" in
416:that Tolkien knew as a philologist.
2454:2013 "Qenya: Declension of Nouns",
2191:in Quenya) versions I–IV, pp. 26–36
2138:2001 "Essay on negation in Quenya"
1317:. Republished with permission from
1149:, "Foreword to the Second Edition".
362:
326:The linguistic papers published in
110:
13:
4601:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
4475:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
2829:Sound and language in Middle-earth
1977:1992 "New Tengwar Inscription" in
1467:, Part 2, chapter 5, "The Lhammas"
931:Elven philologists are called the
294:Danian of Ossiriand, East Danian,
14:
5606:
5487:In the Land of Invented Languages
4566:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
2535:
2182:in Quenya) versions I–VI, p. 4–26
1902:"Alboin Errol's Fragments", p. 51
1662:
1635:The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
970:
506:under development, 1938 onwards.
124:c. 1910–1911 while he was at the
3165:The Lost Road and Other Writings
2874:
2552:The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
2004:1993 "Koivieneni Manuscript" in
1896:The Lost Road and Other Writings
1765:The Lost Road and Other Writings
1411:The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
493:
469:
409:The Lost Road and Other Writings
126:King Edward's School, Birmingham
48:Elvish languages of Middle-earth
4482:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
4359:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
4081:Finnish language and literature
3051:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2156:2001 "Early Noldorin Grammar",
1787:
1700:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
1470:
1423:
1396:
1367:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
1279:
1182:
1105:, #214 to A. C. Nunn, late 1958
873:Elvish Languages mapped to the
795:, the Elves of the Second Clan.
777:, the language of the Elves in
4622:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
4594:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
3871:Ancestry as guide to character
3007:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
2526:Carl F. Hostetter: A Checklist
2490:2015 "Quenya Verb Structure",
2258:2003 "Early Qenya Fragments",
2022:1994 "The Entu Declension" in
1968:1991 "Koivieneni Sentence" in
1830:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
1702:: Revised and Expanded Edition
1304:
1167:
1135:
1123:
1108:
1096:
1080:
825:Nandorin, the language of the
788:, the Elves of the First Clan;
228:From the outset, Tolkien used
30:The first stanza of Tolkien's
1:
5559:List of constructed languages
4531:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
2995:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
2436:2010 "Outline of Phonology",
2369:2007 "Ambidexters Sentence",
2276:2003 "The Valmaric Scripts",
2232:"Alcar mi tarmenel na Erun" (
2104:41, pp. 7–10 (A part of
1995:1993 "Two Trees Sentence" in
1597:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
1069:
806:Telerin, the language of the
2735:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
2445:2012 "The Quenya Alphabet",
2267:2003 "Early Qenya Grammar",
2040:1995 "Rúmilian Document" in
1869:The Monsters and the Critics
1298:
530:
478:
433:
201:(movement to, towards), and
7:
4054:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
3222:The Peoples of Middle-earth
3157:The Shaping of Middle-earth
2418:2010 "Comparative Tables",
2325:2006 "Early Elvish Poetry:
2111:The Peoples of Middle-earth
1050:
1017:(Runes used in the city of
427:trees compared. Tolkien, a
390:The Elvish languages are a
355:The History of Middle-earth
225:for his Elvish vocabulary.
10:
5611:
3728:List of weapons and armour
3261:The Nature of Middle-earth
2951:The Fellowship of the Ring
1687:
1270:, "Outline of Phonology",
1237:, "Tengwesta Qenderinwa",
1074:
1000:. In chronological order,
974:
910:Philology and Middle-earth
907:
582:
379:
158:. He had invented several
18:
5564:List of language creators
5549:
5503:
5452:
5404:
5344:
5145:
5060:
4961:
4751:
4740:
4678:
4615:Tolkien and the Great War
4462:
4423:Works inspired by Tolkien
4405:
4338:
4327:Nightfall in Middle-Earth
4259:
4176:
4167:
4142:The Atlas of Middle-earth
4133:
4046:
3856:
3747:
3740:
3683:
3573:
3425:
3287:
3276:
3246:The History of The Hobbit
3231:
3118:
3109:
3016:
2988:The Scouring of the Shire
2924:
2917:
2882:
2787:
2727:
2699:
2663:
2612:
2606:Languages of Middle-earth
2554:: Publishes the journals
2508:2024 "Eldarin Pronouns",
2409:2010 "Quenya Phonology",
2327:Oilima Markirya, Nieninqe
729:
707:
694:
667:
654:
641:
634:
626:
614:
386:The Etymologies (Tolkien)
128:and which he later named
5585:Elves in popular culture
4552:The Road to Middle-Earth
4418:Middle-earth Enterprises
3064:The three "Great Tales"
2106:the Shibboleth of Fëanor
2031:1995 "Gnomish Lexicon",
1959:, and later in full in "
1824:); no texts or sentences
1797:
1566:. Arda. pp. 12–29.
1514:Goering, Nelson (2017).
1315:"Elvish as She Is Spoke"
179:was a dominant influence
5536:Interlingue/Interlingua
4703:International auxiliary
4373:An Evening in Rivendell
4246:Margrethe II of Denmark
4125:A mythology for England
2220:" in Quenya, pp. 11–20.
1478:"Family: Indo-European"
1330:(Marquette, 2006), ed.
920:Tolkien's frame stories
841:is the language of the
526:etymological dictionary
414:Indo-European languages
5590:Middle-earth languages
5241:Middle-earth languages
4496:Master of Middle-Earth
4018:Psychological journeys
3582:First and Second Ages
3434:First and Second Ages
3196:The Notion Club Papers
3134:The Book of Lost Tales
2981:The Return of the King
2958:The Shadow of the Past
2834:Sundering of the Elves
2238:in Quenya), pp. 31–38.
2235:Gloria in Excelsis Deo
1905:"Fíriel's Song", p. 69
1863:: the "Oath of Cirion"
989:
929:
900:
875:Sundering of the Elves
731:Avarin (6+ languages)
603:sundering of the Elves
585:Sundering of the Elves
572:
457:, starting soon after
438:
425:Indo-European language
268:(a dialect of Qenya),
254:
207:
93:
43:
5516:Esperanto/Interlingua
5417:Esperanto orthography
4996:Pan-Germanic language
4778:Communicationssprache
4672:Constructed languages
4608:Tolkien's Legendarium
4352:The Road Goes Ever On
4294:The Lord of the Rings
4279:The Lord of the Rings
4155:A Map of Middle-earth
3898:Death and immortality
3701:Red Book of Westmarch
3214:The War of the Jewels
3149:The Lays of Beleriand
3070:The Children of Húrin
2965:The Council of Elrond
2944:The Lord of the Rings
2823:The Lord of the Rings
2821:Pseudotranslation in
2652:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
2382:", edited by Gilson,
2380:The Lord of the Rings
2200:in Quenya), pp. 36–38
2162:13, pp. 119–132.
2049:1998 "Qenya Lexicon"
1846:The Road Goes Ever On
1838:The Lord of the Rings
1733:The War of the Jewels
1588:Dickerson, Matthew T.
1560:"How We Got Sindarin"
1558:Welden, Bill (2023).
1534:10.1353/tks.2017.0015
1146:The Lord of the Rings
1063:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
984:
924:
908:Further information:
877:: Languages (such as
872:
591:The Lord of the Rings
583:Further information:
578:The Lord of the Rings
556:
503:The Lord of the Rings
455:The Lord of the Rings
422:
380:Further information:
307:The Lord of the Rings
270:Telerin, Old Noldorin
250:The Lord of the Rings
246:
230:comparative philology
191:-inen, -ainen, -oinen
174:
116:Language construction
89:
87:. As Tolkien stated:
29:
5008:Pan-Romance language
4883:Latino sine flexione
4387:At Dawn in Rivendell
4380:A Night in Rivendell
4367:The Tolkien Ensemble
4201:Brothers Hildebrandt
3723:Two Trees of Valinor
3086:The Fall of Gondolin
2229:in Quenya), pp. 5–11
2117:2000 "Notes on Óre"
1812:a few elvish names (
1642:. pp. 332–343.
1630:Drout, Michael D. C.
1592:Drout, Michael D. C.
1431:"Parma Eldalamberon"
1374:. pp. 202–214.
1255:, "Quendi and Eldar"
1008:Tengwar of Rúmil or
853:; Falathrin, in the
5025:Pan-Slavic language
3891:Round World dilemma
3443:Eärendil and Elwing
3096:The Fall of Númenor
2522:Douglas A. Anderson
2366:49, pp. 38–58.
2226:Sub tuum praesidium
2144:42, pp. 33–34.
2114:, pp. 331–366)
2046:37, pp. 15–23.
1928:Posthumous articles
1760:Christopher Tolkien
1728:Christopher Tolkien
1695:Carpenter, Humphrey
1217:, pp. 385–448
904:Fictional philology
368:At the time of the
160:cryptographic codes
77:Christopher Tolkien
5595:Middle-earth Elves
5412:Constructed script
4888:Lingua Franca Nova
4868:International Sign
4510:A Question of Time
4312:The Rings of Power
4231:Alexander Korotich
4028:Sound and language
3908:Dreams and visions
2743:Parma Eldalamberon
2557:Parma Eldalamberon
2511:Parma Eldalamberon
2502:Parma Eldalamberon
2493:Parma Eldalamberon
2484:Parma Eldalamberon
2475:Parma Eldalamberon
2466:Parma Eldalamberon
2457:Parma Eldalamberon
2448:Parma Eldalamberon
2439:Parma Eldalamberon
2430:Parma Eldalamberon
2421:Parma Eldalamberon
2412:Parma Eldalamberon
2403:Parma Eldalamberon
2394:Parma Eldalamberon
2385:Parma Eldalamberon
2357:49, pp. 3–37.
2345:Parma Eldalamberon
2336:Parma Eldalamberon
2319:Parma Eldalamberon
2313:48, pp. 4–34.
2304:47, pp. 3–43.
2292:Parma Eldalamberon
2279:Parma Eldalamberon
2270:Parma Eldalamberon
2261:Parma Eldalamberon
2194:"Alcar i Ataren" (
2159:Parma Eldalamberon
2150:Parma Eldalamberon
2135:42, pp. 5–31.
2123:41, pp. 11–19
2080:1999 "Narqelion",
2077:39, pp. 4–20.
2052:Parma Eldalamberon
2034:Parma Eldalamberon
2028:36, pp. 8–29.
2019:28, pp. 9–34.
2010:27, pp. 7–42.
2001:27, pp. 7–42.
1974:14, pp. 5–20.
1945:Parma Eldalamberon
1671:The Tolkien Estate
1626:Hostetter, Carl F.
1404:Hostetter, Carl F.
1326:2006-12-09 at the
1311:Hostetter, Carl F.
1273:Parma Eldalamberon
1240:Parma Eldalamberon
1190:Parma Eldalamberon
1176:Parma Eldalamberon
1161:Parma Eldalamberon
1130:Parma Eldalamberon
1117:Parma Eldalamberon
990:
916:philological study
901:
573:
439:
350:Parma Eldalamberon
332:Parma Eldalamberon
262:Comparative Tables
187:mb, nd, ng, ld, rd
144:Germanic languages
44:
38:", written in his
5572:
5571:
5427:Tolkien's scripts
5400:
5399:
5117:Logopandecteision
5080:Dutton Speedwords
5013:Neolatino Romance
4893:Lingwa de planeta
4638:
4637:
4587:A Tolkien Compass
4503:Picturing Tolkien
4489:Interrupted Music
4458:
4457:
4394:Leaving Rivendell
4163:
4162:
4149:Journeys of Frodo
4003:Old Straight Road
3993:Naming of weapons
3736:
3735:
3483:Lúthien and Beren
3272:
3271:
3254:Carl F. Hostetter
3105:
3104:
3078:Beren and Lúthien
3059:Bilbo's Last Song
2842:
2841:
2759:Carl F. Hostetter
2749:Anthony Appleyard
2546:Carl F. Hostetter
2223:"Ortírielyanna" (
2108:was published in
2086:40, pp. 5–32
1934:Carl F. Hostetter
1756:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1724:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1715:978-0-35-865298-4
1667:"Writing Systems"
1649:978-0-415-86511-1
1611:978-1-13588-034-7
1142:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1002:Tolkien's scripts
977:Tolkien's scripts
750:
749:
740:
739:
718:
717:
682:
681:
643:Telerin (Silvan)
242:daughter language
219:pronominal system
197:(rest at or in),
5602:
5521:Esperanto/Novial
5345:Ritual and other
5186:Elvish languages
5107:Lingua generalis
5095:Astrolinguistics
4749:
4748:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4559:Splintered Light
4174:
4173:
3998:Northern courage
3923:Environmentalism
3903:Decline and fall
3826:Tolkien's poetry
3745:
3744:
3463:Finwë and Míriel
3285:
3284:
3239:John D. Rateliff
3116:
3115:
3043:Unfinished Tales
3026:The Silmarillion
2922:
2921:
2887:J. R. R. Tolkien
2869:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2754:Helge Fauskanger
2614:Elvish languages
2599:
2592:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2218:Litany of Loreto
2095:41, pp. 5–6
1936:in the journals
1860:Unfinished Tales
1783:
1770:Houghton Mifflin
1751:
1738:Houghton Mifflin
1719:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1407:"Vinyar Tengwar"
1400:
1394:
1393:
1354:
1339:
1332:Wayne G. Hammond
1308:
1293:
1283:
1277:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1232:
1223:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1171:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1091:Houghton Mifflin
1084:
1015:Gondolinic runes
881:
709:Vanyarin Quenya
637:
636:
629:
628:
617:
616:
609:
608:
533:
497:
481:
473:
436:
363:Internal history
111:External history
56:J. R. R. Tolkien
21:Elvish languages
5610:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5545:
5526:Ido/Interlingua
5499:
5473:Bridge of Words
5448:
5396:
5340:
5150:
5141:
5056:
4957:
4878:Langue nouvelle
4754:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4674:
4669:
4639:
4634:
4545:Perilous Realms
4465:
4454:
4401:
4334:
4277:Symphony No. 1
4255:
4216:Donato Giancola
4169:
4159:
4129:
4076:Classical world
4042:
3933:First World War
3852:
3732:
3679:
3631:Lonely Mountain
3569:
3421:
3292:
3279:
3268:
3227:
3172:The Etymologies
3122:
3111:
3101:
3012:
2926:
2913:
2878:
2873:
2843:
2838:
2803:The Etymologies
2783:
2723:
2695:
2664:Other languages
2659:
2639:Respective case
2608:
2603:
2538:
2530:Tolkien Studies
2518:
2517:
2287:Sí Qente Feanor
2241:"Ae Adar Nín" (
1992:23, p. 16.
1930:
1918:The Etymologies
1878:Oilima Markirya
1800:
1790:
1780:
1748:
1716:
1697:, ed. (2023) .
1690:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1664:Smith, Arden R.
1661:
1657:
1650:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1556:
1549:
1521:Tolkien Studies
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1456:
1444:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1401:
1397:
1382:
1372:Wiley Blackwell
1358:Smith, Arden R.
1355:
1342:
1336:Christina Scull
1328:Wayback Machine
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1233:
1226:
1220:The Etymologies
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1193:, 19, pp. 18–28
1187:
1183:
1172:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1053:
1024:Valmaric script
979:
973:
914:A tradition of
912:
906:
879:
751:
741:
719:
683:
587:
581:
548:The Etymologies
544:The Etymologies
521:The Etymologies
515:
498:
489:
485:The Etymologies
482:and assumed in
474:
403:The Etymologies
388:
378:
374:The Etymologies
365:
341:Two magazines (
320:
266:Qenya, Lindarin
118:
113:
81:secondary world
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5608:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5127:Real Character
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4746:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4682:
4680:
4679:Classification
4676:
4675:
4668:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4645:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4321:Blind Guardian
4318:
4317:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Pauline Baynes
4182:
4180:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4145:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Mental illness
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3706:Rings of Power
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3508:Túrin Turambar
3505:
3503:Tuor and Idril
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3206:Morgoth's Ring
3201:
3200:
3199:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3128:
3126:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2977:
2974:The Two Towers
2970:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2774:Arden R. Smith
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2739:Vinyar Tengwar
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:Quenya grammar
2631:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:Vinyar Tengwar
2549:
2542:Elvish.org FAQ
2537:
2536:External links
2534:
2516:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2376:
2372:Vinyar Tengwar
2367:
2363:Vinyar Tengwar
2358:
2354:Vinyar Tengwar
2349:
2340:
2323:
2314:
2310:Vinyar Tengwar
2305:
2301:Vinyar Tengwar
2296:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2253:44, pp. 21–30.
2250:Vinyar Tengwar
2239:
2230:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2208:Vinyar Tengwar
2202:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2173:
2172:
2168:Vinyar Tengwar
2163:
2154:
2153:13 p. 97.
2145:
2141:Vinyar Tengwar
2136:
2132:Vinyar Tengwar
2127:
2124:
2120:Vinyar Tengwar
2115:
2101:Vinyar Tengwar
2096:
2092:Vinyar Tengwar
2087:
2083:Vinyar Tengwar
2078:
2074:Vinyar Tengwar
2069:
2065:Vinyar Tengwar
2056:
2047:
2043:Vinyar Tengwar
2038:
2029:
2025:Vinyar Tengwar
2020:
2016:Vinyar Tengwar
2011:
2007:Vinyar Tengwar
2002:
1998:Vinyar Tengwar
1993:
1989:Vinyar Tengwar
1984:
1983:21, p. 6.
1980:Vinyar Tengwar
1975:
1971:Vinyar Tengwar
1966:
1964:6, p. 14.
1961:Vinyar Tengwar
1948:, as follows:
1939:Vinyar Tengwar
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1864:
1853:Posthumously:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1752:
1746:
1720:
1714:
1706:Harper Collins
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1655:
1648:
1617:
1610:
1579:
1572:
1547:
1528:(1): 191–201.
1506:
1494:
1469:
1454:
1422:
1395:
1381:978-1119656029
1380:
1362:Lee, Stuart D.
1340:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1278:
1268:J.R.R. Tolkien
1257:
1245:
1235:J.R.R. Tolkien
1224:
1207:
1195:
1181:
1166:
1151:
1134:
1122:
1107:
1103:Carpenter 2023
1095:
1087:Carpenter 2023
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1012:
975:Main article:
972:
971:Elvish scripts
969:
905:
902:
867:
866:
865:
864:
863:
862:
834:
823:
798:
797:
796:
789:
763:
748:
747:
743:
742:
738:
737:
734:
733:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
675:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
640:
635:
633:
627:
625:
615:
613:
607:
580:
574:
557:Etymology of '
517:
516:
499:
492:
490:
475:
468:
377:
366:
364:
361:
344:Vinyar Tengwar
339:
338:
337:
336:
328:Vinyar Tengwar
319:
316:
238:proto-language
117:
114:
112:
109:
85:world building
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5607:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5542:
5541:Lojban/Loglan
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Esperanto/Ido
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5466:A Secret Vice
5463:
5461:
5460:Esperantology
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:Lingua ignota
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5166:Belter Creole
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Basic English
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:Universalglot
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Idiom Neutral
4846:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4753:International
4750:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4730:Philosophical
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4696:Language game
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4666:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4272:Johan de Meij
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Mary Fairburn
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4166:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Moral dilemma
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Luck and fate
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Frame stories
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3208:
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2807:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:A Secret Vice
2793:
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2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
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2770:
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2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:– Article by
2543:
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2281:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2247:in Sindarin)
2246:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:"Aia María" (
2184:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2146:
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2137:
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2133:
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2116:
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2107:
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2053:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1947:
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1919:
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1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:A Secret Vice
1871:
1870:
1865:
1862:
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1856:
1855:
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1848:
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1842:
1840:
1839:
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1823:
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1815:
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1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1781:
1779:0-395-45519-7
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:0-395-71041-3
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1701:
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1659:
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1637:
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1621:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1573:9789197350075
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1441:on 2011-07-09
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
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1369:
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1254:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:, pp. 378–379
1204:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1148:
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1016:
1013:
1011:
1007:
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1005:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
983:
978:
968:
966:
965:
960:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:; in Quenya,
934:
928:
927:inscriptions.
923:
921:
917:
911:
898:
895:on the left,
894:
890:
886:
882:
876:
871:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
835:
832:
828:
824:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
803:
799:
794:
790:
787:
783:
782:
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776:
775:
771:
770:
768:
764:
761:
757:
756:
755:
745:
744:
736:
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732:
727:
726:
723:
722:
714:
713:
710:
705:
704:
701:
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697:
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691:
687:
686:
678:
677:
674:
673:
672:
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
639:
638:
631:
630:
624:
623:
619:
618:
611:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
586:
579:
570:
566:
565:
560:
555:
551:
549:
545:
542:and Ilkorin.
541:
537:
532:
527:
524:is Tolkien's
523:
522:
513:
509:
505:
504:
496:
491:
487:
486:
480:
472:
467:
466:
465:
462:
461:
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452:
448:
444:
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417:
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411:
410:
405:
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398:
393:
387:
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358:
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351:
346:
345:
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327:
324:
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315:
313:
309:
308:
301:
299:
297:
291:
287:
283:
279:
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231:
226:
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206:
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200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
173:
171:
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165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
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137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
108:
106:
102:
98:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
28:
22:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5422:Sitelen Pona
5293:
4829:esperantidos
4798:Esperanto II
4720:Experimental
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4357:
4350:
4346:Donald Swann
4325:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4287:Howard Shore
4278:
4226:Tove Jansson
4206:Jenny Dolfen
4196:Anke Eißmann
4168:Adaptations,
4147:
4140:
4064:
3881:Christianity
3876:Architecture
3786:
3782:Black Speech
3762:Family trees
3563:Tom Bombadil
3259:
3244:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3194:
3187:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3132:
3123:Middle-earth
3119:
3094:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3024:
3005:
2979:
2972:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2925:In Tolkien's
2892:Bibliography
2876:Middle-earth
2822:
2816:Middle-earth
2808:
2801:
2779:Allan Turner
2742:
2738:
2676:Black Speech
2650:
2626:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2525:
2519:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2248:
2244:Pater Noster
2242:
2233:
2224:
2206:
2197:Gloria Patri
2195:
2186:
2179:Pater Noster
2177:
2176:"Ataremma" (
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2060:Osanwe-kenta
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1956:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1916:
1908:
1894:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1788:Bibliography
1763:
1731:
1704:. New York:
1698:
1674:. Retrieved
1658:
1633:
1620:
1595:
1582:
1563:
1525:
1519:
1509:
1502:Tolkien 1987
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1465:Tolkien 1987
1449:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:the original
1435:Wladalaberon
1434:
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:
1398:
1365:
1319:
1306:
1286:Tolkien 1987
1281:
1271:
1253:Tolkien 1994
1248:
1238:
1218:
1215:Tolkien 1987
1210:
1203:Tolkien 1987
1198:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1137:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1098:
1082:
1061:
991:
962:
958:Osanwe-kenta
956:
936:
933:Lambengolmor
932:
930:
925:
913:
897:Middle-earth
884:
878:
836:
772:
752:
730:
708:
695:
669:
668:
655:
642:
620:
590:
588:
577:
562:
547:
543:
519:
518:
501:
483:
458:
454:
440:
407:
401:
395:
389:
373:
369:
359:
348:
342:
340:
333:
329:
325:
314:1954–1973).
311:
305:
302:
293:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
255:
249:
247:
227:
212:
208:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
175:
167:
129:
122:Elvin tongue
121:
119:
94:
90:
68:Middle-earth
47:
45:
5504:Comparisons
5382:Palawa kani
5377:Medefaidrin
5052:Weltdeutsch
5042:Runyakitara
5030:Interslavic
4863:Interlingue
4858:Interlingua
4841:Interglossa
4768:Blissymbols
4443:Video games
4428:Fan fiction
4406:Other media
4305:film series
4296:film series
4251:Ted Nasmith
4113:Prose style
4106:Shakespeare
3866:Anachronism
3438:Celebrimbor
3112:composition
3033:Ainulindalë
2904:Legendarium
1957:Beyond Bree
1120:17, p. 135.
1093:, June 1955
812:Tol Eressëa
564:Etymologies
429:philologist
423:Elvish and
312:late Elvish
282:Gondolinian
215:conjugation
185:(except in
156:Old English
73:philologist
52:constructed
5579:Categories
5531:Ido/Novial
5352:Balaibalan
5062:Engineered
4918:Pasilingua
4808:Mundolinco
4715:Engineered
4303:The Hobbit
4267:Bo Hansson
4241:Tom Loback
4134:Geographic
4059:Influences
3636:Lothlórien
3602:Third Age
3538:Glorfindel
3519:Third Age
3427:Characters
3363:Half-elven
3121:History of
3110:History of
3017:Posthumous
2936:The Hobbit
2769:David Salo
2764:Tom Loback
2563:Tengwestië
2532:4 (2007).
1835:1954–1955
1809:The Hobbit
1768:. Boston:
1736:. Boston:
1676:26 January
1445:2011-01-01
1416:2011-01-01
1390:1183854105
1276:19, p. 68.
1179:18, p. 23.
1132:17, p. 135
1089:, #165 to
1070:References
1027:Andyoqenya
833:languages.
816:Alqualondë
612:Primitive
460:The Hobbit
234:tree model
58:, include
5405:Neography
5331:Verdurian
5301:Syldavian
5296:languages
5294:Star Wars
5288:Spocanian
5171:Brithenig
5161:Atlantean
5147:Fictional
5137:Toki Pona
4986:Eurolengo
4823:Universal
4783:Esperanto
4755:auxiliary
4743:languages
4741:Specific
4691:Fictional
4466:criticism
4438:Calendars
4314:TV series
4310:Music of
4301:Music of
4292:Music of
4260:Composers
4221:John Howe
4118:Ambiguity
4101:Philology
3978:Modernism
3886:Cosmology
3772:Languages
3718:Silmarils
3666:The Shire
3656:Rivendell
3586:Beleriand
3543:Goldberry
3528:Galadriel
3513:Ungoliant
3468:Gil-galad
3458:Fingolfin
3395:Beornings
3373:Sundering
3336:Ancalagon
3278:Fictional
2728:Linguists
2520:See also
2188:Ave Maria
1818:Glamdring
1640:Routledge
1602:Routledge
1542:1547-3163
1482:Glottolog
1299:Secondary
1243:18, p. 72
1164:17, p. 61
1046:of Daeron
847:Beleriand
746:Quendian
656:Nandorin
599:Cuiviénen
559:Glamdring
451:Beleriand
288:(esp. of
274:Fëanorian
152:Old Norse
5362:Enochian
5321:Valyrian
5311:Tsolyáni
5278:Newspeak
5256:Sindarin
5191:Enchanta
5181:Dothraki
5153:artistic
5090:Kalaba-X
5035:Iazychie
5001:Tutonish
4971:Afrihili
4928:Solresol
4923:Sambahsa
4908:Nal Bino
4818:Romániço
4813:Reformed
4793:Arcaicam
4788:Adjuvilo
4745:by group
4686:Artistic
4464:Literary
4339:Settings
4236:Alan Lee
4191:Cor Blok
4086:Medieval
4047:Literary
4008:Paganism
3797:Sindarin
3767:Heraldry
3749:Elements
3741:Analysis
3711:One Ring
3696:Palantír
3641:Mirkwood
3626:Isengard
3611:Esgaroth
3405:Dúnedain
3400:Drúedain
3294:monsters
3280:universe
3186:1988–92
3131:1983–84
2941:1954-55
2927:lifetime
2646:Sindarin
2331:Earendel
1887:Earendel
1882:Nieninqe
1876:", with
1758:(1987).
1726:(1994).
1324:Archived
1051:See also
1030:Qenyatic
1019:Gondolin
961:and the
885:"Quendi"
838:Sindarin
688:Telerin
671:Sindarin
569:Sindarin
540:Noldorin
508:Sindarin
278:Noldorin
232:and the
217:and the
169:Kalevala
64:Sindarin
5442:Tengwar
5387:Yerkish
5367:Eskayan
5326:Venedic
5316:Utopian
5306:Teonaht
5283:Simlish
5261:more...
5246:Adûnaic
5231:Lydnevi
5211:Kobaïan
5206:Klingon
5085:Ithkuil
5018:Romanid
4981:Efatese
4976:Budinos
4953:Volapük
4898:Mondial
4725:Musical
4178:Artists
4065:Beowulf
3953:Heroism
3938:Forests
3918:England
3913:Economy
3846:Tengwar
3831:Scripts
3814:Westron
3809:Valarin
3804:Khuzdul
3777:Adûnaic
3757:Artwork
3691:Mithril
3684:Objects
3671:Bag End
3596:Valinor
3591:Númenor
3553:Saruman
3533:Gandalf
3498:Thingol
3493:Morgoth
3478:Isildur
3448:Elendil
3385:Hobbits
3348:Dwarves
3331:Dragons
3317:Wizards
3312:Balrogs
3289:Peoples
3179:Lhammas
3140:Ælfwine
2909:Outline
2810:Lhammas
2788:Related
2719:Tengwar
2701:Scripts
2691:Westron
2686:Valarin
2681:Khuzdul
2671:Adûnaic
2628:Namárië
1954:fanzine
1910:Lhammas
1822:Orcrist
1762:(ed.).
1730:(ed.).
1688:Sources
1632:(ed.).
1594:(ed.).
1364:(ed.).
1290:Lhammas
1288:, "The
1075:Primary
1034:Tengwar
994:Tengwar
964:Lhammas
949:Tengwar
891:, with
859:Hithlum
851:Doriath
820:Valinor
779:Valinor
760:Valinor
632:Common
531:Lhammas
479:Lhammas
447:Valinor
434:Lhammas
397:Lhammas
382:Lhammas
370:Lhammas
296:Taliska
290:Doriath
286:Ilkorin
258:Valarin
223:etymons
183:b, d, g
164:Finnish
101:Tengwar
42:script.
40:Tengwar
36:Namárië
5554:Portal
5437:Sarati
5273:Nadsat
5251:Quenya
5226:Loxian
5221:Lapine
5216:Láadan
5201:Kiliki
5176:Dritok
5151:other
5122:Lojban
5112:Loglan
5100:Lincos
4913:Novial
4873:Kotava
4827:other
4413:Impact
4170:legacy
4091:Modern
4071:Celtic
4023:Quests
4013:Plants
3858:Themes
3841:Sarati
3792:Quenya
3787:Elvish
3646:Mordor
3616:Gondor
3575:Places
3558:Sauron
3548:Gollum
3523:Elrond
3488:Melian
3453:Fëanor
3417:Trolls
3368:Noldor
3353:Eagles
3232:Others
2714:Sarati
2622:Quenya
2566:, and
2285:2004 "
2058:1998 "
1884:, and
1814:Elrond
1776:
1744:
1712:
1646:
1608:
1570:
1540:
1487:31 May
1388:
1378:
1038:Fëanor
1010:Sarati
998:sarati
987:Sarati
953:Noldor
945:Fëanor
941:Sarati
880:Quenya
843:Sindar
831:Silvan
827:Nandor
808:Teleri
802:Teleri
793:Noldor
786:Vanyar
774:Quenya
622:Quenya
536:Quenya
512:Quenya
488:, 1937
443:Noldor
392:family
376:, 1937
172:epic.
154:, and
148:Gothic
131:Quenya
103:, and
97:Sarati
60:Quenya
34:poem "
32:Quenya
5453:Study
5432:Cirth
5357:Damin
5336:Wenja
5268:Naʼvi
5236:Mänti
5196:Kēlen
4991:Guosa
4963:Zonal
4948:Uropi
4938:Unish
4853:Intal
4836:Glosa
4773:Bolak
4708:Zonal
4096:Norse
4038:Trees
3988:Music
3968:Magic
3958:Light
3836:Cirth
3661:Rohan
3651:Moria
3621:Harad
3473:Húrin
3358:Elves
3341:Smaug
3324:Valar
3307:Maiar
3302:Ainur
3258:2021
3243:2007
3219:1996
3211:1994
3203:1993
3162:1987
3154:1986
3146:1985
3093:2022
3083:2018
3075:2017
3067:2007
3056:1990
3048:1981
3040:1980
3023:1977
3004:1962
2933:1937
2918:Works
2899:Canon
2709:Cirth
1893:1987
1866:1983
1857:1980
1843:1967
1827:1962
1806:1937
1798:Books
1044:Cirth
1004:are:
937:lambe
855:Falas
767:Eldar
595:Elves
576:With
140:Greek
136:Latin
105:Cirth
5392:Zaum
5047:Wede
4933:Sona
4763:Babm
4433:Film
4033:Time
3948:Hell
3928:Evil
3821:Maps
3606:Bree
3412:Orcs
3380:Ents
2329:and
1942:and
1774:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1710:ISBN
1678:2021
1644:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1538:ISSN
1489:2024
1386:OCLC
1376:ISBN
1334:and
1042:The
893:Aman
889:Arda
814:and
400:and
384:and
372:and
330:and
280:(or
272:(or
203:-llo
199:-nna
195:-sse
62:and
46:The
5149:and
5070:aUI
4903:Neo
4803:Ido
3390:Men
2514:23.
2505:23.
2496:22.
2487:22.
2478:21.
2469:21.
2460:21.
2451:20.
2442:19.
2433:19.
2424:19.
2415:19.
2406:18.
2397:18.
2388:17.
2322:16.
2295:15.
2282:14.
2273:14.
2264:14.
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2055:12.
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1530:doi
1036:of
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818:in
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2560:,
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2375:49
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2068:39
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1820:,
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1448:.
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