7528:
312:. The original Elvish Cirth "as supposed products of a superior culture" are focused on logical arrangement and a close connection between form and value whereas the adaptations by mortal races introduced irregularities. Similar to the Germanic tribes who had no written literature and used only simple runes before their conversion to Christianity, the Sindarin Elves of Beleriand with their Cirth were introduced to the more elaborate Tengwar of Fëanor when the Noldorin Elves returned to Middle-earth from the lands of the divine
2720:
6282:
6174:
7906:
7337:
7926:
7521:
6537:
6452:
6229:
6157:
6005:
5969:
5790:
7901:
7841:
7332:
7836:
7960:
7817:
7795:
7955:
7475:
7468:
7942:
7812:
7753:
6936:
5171:
290:
7463:
7295:
7145:
7044:
7877:
7720:
7675:
7210:
6999:
6931:
6875:
5215:
7660:
7130:
5155:
2687:
5328:
2584:
5187:
2641:
666:
656:
646:
636:
607:
593:
579:
573:
563:
553:
537:
527:
517:
501:
30:
7758:
5406:
5113:
4871:
4796:
4613:
3927:
3921:
3754:
3535:
3460:
3311:
3254:
3182:
2267:
2248:
2169:
1391:
1055:
7861:
6026:
5424:
5378:
5360:
5342:
5314:
491:
481:
467:
457:
447:
437:
7882:
7790:
7774:
7737:
7705:
7690:
7572:
7543:
7516:
7433:
7397:
7368:
7312:
7257:
7240:
7181:
7115:
7099:
7094:
7076:
7061:
7029:
6954:
6911:
6629:
6588:
6553:
6476:
6354:
6337:
6301:
6265:
6246:
6210:
6138:
6117:
6098:
6081:
6062:
6045:
5986:
5933:
5910:
5893:
5874:
5838:
5703:
5676:
5671:
5581:
5452:
5438:
5392:
5221:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5128:
5103:
5088:
5073:
5056:
5041:
5026:
5011:
4994:
4979:
4964:
4949:
4932:
4917:
4902:
4887:
4861:
4842:
4827:
4812:
4786:
4771:
4756:
4741:
4724:
4709:
4694:
4662:
4645:
4603:
4588:
4573:
4539:
4524:
4492:
4485:
4470:
4436:
4421:
4389:
4374:
4359:
4323:
4291:
4276:
4261:
4122:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4086:
4072:
4050:
4044:
4035:
4026:
3911:
3901:
3858:
3836:
3822:
3816:
3769:
3744:
3729:
3714:
3697:
3682:
3663:
3642:
3627:
3608:
3589:
3574:
3551:
3525:
3506:
3491:
3476:
3450:
3435:
3420:
3405:
3388:
3373:
3358:
3326:
3301:
3286:
3244:
3229:
3214:
3172:
3157:
3142:
3110:
3093:
3078:
3046:
3031:
3016:
2984:
2969:
2954:
2922:
2907:
2892:
2860:
2845:
2670:
2657:
2624:
2573:
2540:
2512:
2492:
2468:
2410:
2396:
2259:
2240:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
1957:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1115:
1106:
1095:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1047:
1042:
1014:
1003:
998:
970:
963:
953:
941:
929:
880:
874:
861:
735:
715:
709:
695:
689:
7947:
7276:
7014:
6973:
6892:
6634:
6593:
6545:
6520:
6440:
6318:
6193:
5950:
5857:
5826:
5807:
4679:
4630:
4558:
4509:
4455:
4406:
4344:
4308:
4246:
3343:
3271:
3199:
3127:
3063:
3001:
2939:
2877:
2828:
2703:
2376:
2366:
2336:
1964:
1355:
1348:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
917:
905:
855:
842:
836:
729:
3992:
5229:
706:, but varied as to which was which. Many of the runes consisted of a single vertical line (or "stem") with an appendage (or "branch") attached to one or both sides. If the attachment was made on one side only, it was usually to the right, but "the reverse was not infrequent" and did not change the value of the letter. (For example, the variants
305:, but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke).
7998:
Tolkien's mode of writing Modern
English in Anglo-Saxon runes received explicit recognition with the introduction of his three additional runes to the Runic block with the release of Unicode 7.0, in June 2014. The three characters represent the English
5262:' ..." (the sentence follows in the bottom inscription, written in Tengwar: "... of Westmarch by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Herein is set forth/ the history of the War of the Ring and the Return of the King as seen by the Hobbits.");
10001:
The runic alphabet used on Thror's Map and elsewhere in The Hobbit is not the
Angerthas, but is rather the futhorc used by the Anglo-Saxons in England over a thousand years ago, adapted by Tolkien for the representation of modern
2763:
Many cirth here represent sounds not occurring in
Khuzdul (at least in published words of Khuzdul: of course, our corpus is very limited to judge the necessity or not, of these sounds). Here they are marked with a black star ().
5578:: the writing mode used by Tolkien is, in this case, mainly orthographic. This means that the system has one rune for each Latin letter, regardless of pronunciation. For example, the rune
1160:
was essentially relegated to carved inscriptions. The Elves of the West, for the most part, abandoned the Cirth altogether, with the exception of the Noldor dwelling in the country of
2748:. The Dwarves "introduced a number of unsystematic changes in value, as well as certain new cirth". They modified the previous system to suit the specific needs of their language,
308:
The division between the older Cirth of Daeron and their adaptation by
Dwarves and Men has been interpreted as a parallel drawn by Tolkien to the development of the Fuþorc to the
12872:
12353:
6703:
Tolkien devised this runic alphabet in a very early stage of his shaping of Middle-earth. Nevertheless, they are known to us from a slip of paper that
Tolkien wrote; his son
12374:
11616:
10063:
12195:
5526:. In fact, he devised a great number of runic alphabets, of which only a few others have been published. Some of these are included in the "Appendix on Runes" of
13239:
4180:
was still used to write down
Khuzdul, this new script was primarily used for Mannish languages. It is also the script used in the first and third page of the
380:
language and its letters were mostly used for inscribing names or brief memorials on wood, stone or metal, hence their angular shapes and straight lines. In
9323:
Semiotics Around the World: Synthesis in
Diversity. Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of the International Association for Semiotic Studies, Berkeley, 1994
9907:
10342:
12055:
142:
2451:, it is deemed necessary to show the Vanyarin pronunciation as well, given that the very transliteration used by Tolkien is more akin to the Vanyarin
12318:
12408:
13281:
12283:
5559:
are a form of "English runes" used in lieu of the
Dwarvish runes proper. They can be interpreted as an attempt made by Tolkien to adapt the
13261:
12325:
12158:
6675:
12209:
11703:
6679:
5574:
These runes are basically the same found in Fuþorc, but their sound may change according to their position, just like the letters of the
12037:
11473:
10566:
6707:
sent a photocopy of it to Paul Nolan Hyde in
February 1992. Hyde published it, with an extensive analysis, in the 1992 Summer issue of
10269:
12986:
11668:
10351:
10300:
12269:
13266:
13225:
12262:
10335:
13271:
11763:
11507:
10612:
9985:
6724:, but perhaps it was designed for a variety of languages. However, the consonants seem to be, more or less, the same found in
13350:
13330:
11851:
11643:
11631:
9334:
6568:
13286:
13256:
12022:
10934:
10035:
2591:(pronounced ), occurring only in initial position. This sound later evolved into , explaining the transliteration of this
12401:
8197:
12346:
12220:
11773:
11653:
10574:
10328:
8330:
3971:
6563: According to Tolkien, this is a "dwarf-rune" which "may be used if required" as an addendum to the English runes.
5686:
A few sounds are instead written with the same rune, without considering the
English spelling. For example, the sound
4169:
was adapted accordingly: some new cirth were added, while some were restored to their Elvish usage, thus creating the
13276:
13232:
12311:
11738:
9298:
679:
The form of these letters was somewhat unsystematic, unlike later rearrangements and extensions that made them more
12498:
12448:
11743:
11698:
11648:
11636:
11532:
11517:
10910:
2524:
2476:
13006:
12227:
12178:
12104:
12046:
11821:
11603:
11172:
10796:
8335:
8286:
7650:
7638:
7626:
7614:
7602:
6858:
6846:
6834:
6822:
6810:
6798:
6786:
6717:
6406:
4237:
4224:
4211:
4198:
2819:
2805:
2792:
2778:
2432:
2298:
2202:
2101:
2003:
1902:
1760:
1656:
1518:
1424:
1281:
1185:
124:
1088:
12394:
12367:
12339:
11799:
11718:
11678:
10752:
9597:
But he knew the old sign for 'nasal ṽ' and sometimes represents this (espec. where it is an initial variant on
13304:
12276:
11826:
11708:
10740:
10637:
10086:
9931:
8066:. No action was taken by the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) but Cirth appears in the Roadmap to the SMP.
1184:
used by Tolkien in the Appendix E, which differs from the (Latin) spelling of both Quenya and Sindarin. The
13299:
11816:
11778:
11626:
11621:
10480:
8492:
8407:
8291:
3813:
beginning of a word with an initial vowel". Thus, in need of a reversible certh to represent these sounds,
294:
7969:
7934:
7915:
7891:
7869:
7850:
7826:
7804:
7782:
7767:
7745:
7728:
7713:
7698:
7683:
7668:
7580:
7551:
7536:
7483:
7441:
7405:
7376:
7346:
7320:
7303:
7284:
7265:
7248:
7218:
7189:
7153:
7138:
7123:
7108:
7084:
7069:
7052:
7037:
7022:
7007:
6981:
6962:
6945:
6919:
6900:
6883:
5121:
5096:
5081:
5064:
5049:
5034:
5019:
5002:
4987:
4972:
4957:
4940:
4925:
4910:
4895:
4878:
4854:
4850:
4835:
4820:
4803:
4779:
4764:
4749:
4732:
4717:
4702:
4687:
4670:
4653:
4638:
4621:
4596:
4581:
4566:
4547:
4532:
4517:
4500:
4478:
4463:
4444:
4429:
4414:
4397:
4382:
4367:
4352:
4331:
4316:
4299:
4284:
4269:
4254:
4126:
4116:
4094:
4090:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4038:
4029:
3918:, a somehow similar sound, in stressed syllables. When weak they were reduced to a stroke without a stem (
3915:
3905:
3840:
3830:
3826:
3806:
3802:
3762:
3737:
3722:
3705:
3690:
3675:
3671:
3650:
3635:
3620:
3616:
3597:
3582:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3542:
3518:
3514:
3499:
3484:
3467:
3443:
3428:
3413:
3396:
3381:
3366:
3351:
3334:
3319:
3294:
3279:
3262:
3237:
3222:
3207:
3190:
3165:
3150:
3135:
3118:
3103:
3086:
3071:
3054:
3039:
3024:
3009:
2992:
2977:
2962:
2947:
2930:
2915:
2900:
2885:
2868:
2853:
2836:
138:
134:
12678:
12188:
11836:
11611:
10967:
10902:
10866:
5534:
2520:
272:). The Cirth was also adapted, in its oldest and simplest form, by various races including Men and even
12815:
11846:
11728:
11723:
11688:
11494:
11006:
10696:
10605:
10359:
9803:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
9765:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
9723:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
9689:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
9622:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
9545:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
9500:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: Qenya Grammar – Spelling and Transcription"
8170:
8144:
947:
233:, as it was attributed to the Sinda Daeron, despite the fact that it was most probably arranged by the
5289:
13345:
13309:
12360:
12255:
12168:
12072:
11923:
11887:
11320:
10991:
10917:
10733:
10548:
8417:
2415:
which represents the front consonants of Quenya, is essentially the Cirth counterpart to the Tengwar
12708:
12453:
12297:
12163:
11858:
11831:
11809:
11753:
11512:
10649:
8102:
5520:
2737:
10815:
12568:
12118:
11966:
11870:
11683:
11663:
11658:
11093:
11076:
11062:
10654:
8305:
8276:
5528:
13038:
12475:
12241:
11981:
11863:
11768:
11758:
11162:
11118:
11098:
10941:
10879:
10726:
10703:
10579:
9396:
5258:
in the upper inscription of the title page, where it reads "ə·lord·ov·ə·riŋs·translatᵊd·from·ə·
2440:
777:
333:
120:
11188:
10841:
10110:
1188:
transcription that follows is applicable to both languages, except where indicated otherwise.
818:
is systematic. The runes consisting of a stem and a branch attached to the right are used for
13162:
12741:
12523:
12465:
12097:
11900:
11841:
11804:
11783:
11733:
11713:
11693:
11446:
11233:
11208:
11103:
11047:
11039:
10959:
10894:
10710:
10689:
10598:
10397:
7988:
7499:
6581:
5259:
5250:
2448:
892:
13172:
12787:
12753:
12628:
12417:
12132:
12125:
12112:
11946:
11673:
11576:
11502:
11468:
11034:
10831:
10804:
10446:
10262:
8762:
8733:
8348:
8310:
8281:
6721:
6667:
5485:
5285:
5266:
5233:
4011:
3996:
3967:
2753:
2741:
2330: According to the principles outlined above, the labial nasal would be assigned to the
253:
195:
187:
13056:
11228:
10885:
10823:
5269:'s tomb—being the translation of the upper inscription, which is written in Khuzdul using
5182:
2344:
764:
introduced by the Noldor. This reorganisation of the Cirth was commonly attributed to the
8:
12807:
12770:
12538:
12460:
12173:
11571:
11406:
11396:
11351:
11135:
11081:
10293:
7167:
6991:
6704:
5539:
5142:
4148:
3943:
2421:
10136:
9439:
13335:
13157:
13076:
13066:
12906:
12892:
12633:
12613:
12558:
12436:
11976:
10644:
9916:
9807:
9769:
9727:
9693:
9626:
9591:
9549:
9504:
9467:
9411:
9262:
891:
constructed in this way can therefore be arranged into series, each corresponding to a
765:
393:
358:
273:
265:
5760:
are displayed along with their Fuþorc counterpart and corresponding English grapheme:
13340:
12926:
12898:
12862:
12825:
12758:
12638:
12431:
12332:
12248:
12234:
12183:
12139:
11894:
11748:
11566:
10999:
10951:
10504:
10494:
9330:
9326:
9294:
8353:
8165:
8081:
7421:
6772:
6758:
6642:
3798:
2548:
2436:
179:
13013:
11253:
10219:
9237:
8213:
309:
13112:
13071:
13061:
12951:
12931:
12852:
12840:
12726:
12643:
12470:
12304:
10984:
10788:
10771:
10632:
10499:
9798:
9760:
9718:
9684:
9617:
9582:
9540:
9495:
9391:
6765:
6751:
6744:
6500:
6461:
6425:
5689:
5656:
5634:
5612:
5590:
5191:
4181:
3875:
911:
899:
830:
191:
89:
55:
9587:"The Feanorian Alphabet (Part 1) and Quenya Verb Structure: On Ælfwine's Spelling"
13218:
12966:
12946:
12845:
12623:
12290:
11961:
11376:
11023:
10384:
9318:
8063:
7356:
7232:
6725:
4144:
2452:
1181:
935:
923:
868:
680:
302:
11941:
5194:. As a matter of fact, in the Book of Mazarbul some cirth are used as numerals:
13081:
12598:
12518:
12066:
11931:
11451:
11248:
10719:
10519:
10379:
10059:
10024:
9982:
9962:
9660:
9314:
8192:
2000-04-22 discussion paper implemented by fonts like Constructium and Fairfax.
7527:
6867:
6729:
5568:
2360:
2340:
822:
419:, meaning "rune-rows" in Sindarin and loosely translated as "runic alphabet").
203:
183:
10778:
13324:
13211:
13205:
13117:
12911:
12820:
12688:
12593:
12563:
12441:
12017:
11956:
10541:
9844:
9317:(1997). "The Semiotics of the Writing Systems of Tolkien's Middle-earth". In
4161:
819:
11381:
10320:
8062:
proposal to encode Cirth as a separate script was made in September 1997 by
13167:
12648:
12543:
12091:
12032:
11991:
11971:
11951:
11527:
11308:
10621:
10561:
10524:
10421:
10373:
9802:
9764:
9722:
9688:
9621:
9586:
9544:
9499:
9282:
8651:
8412:
5575:
5166:
4165:
of Middle-earth, usually rendered in English by Tolkien in his works). The
4147:. As the Dwarves of Erebor would trade with the Men of the nearby towns of
3982:
3810:
2719:
2556:
362:
289:
214:
10178:
5753:
Finally, some runes stand for particular English digraphs and diphthongs.
5488:
used to represent the definite article. Although in English it stands for
825:, while other sounds are allocated according to the following principles:
13127:
13122:
12877:
12797:
12775:
12608:
12603:
12586:
12574:
12513:
11996:
11183:
8422:
8402:
8186:
7905:
7336:
6281:
6173:
5564:
2555:(articulated as ). On the other hand, in Vanyarin, the cluster underwent
1023:
400:
12386:
11441:
11150:
11145:
10157:
7925:
7900:
7840:
7520:
7331:
6728:, a theory supported by the fact that Tolkien was heavily influenced by
6536:
6451:
6228:
6156:
6004:
5968:
5789:
760:
was rearranged and further developed, partly under the influence of the
13097:
12663:
12553:
12012:
11986:
11283:
10681:
10514:
10509:
9967:
8506:
7835:
5555:
5175:
5159:
5150:
2745:
1027:
983:
12991:
12956:
12698:
11522:
11336:
10416:
8496:
5742:. The only two letters that are subject to this phonemic spelling are
13046:
13033:
12916:
12882:
12731:
12528:
11463:
11411:
11401:
11331:
11288:
11273:
11258:
11213:
11203:
10240:
10199:
8531:
8511:
6693:
5293:
5170:
4140:
3975:
987:
753:
665:
655:
645:
635:
606:
592:
578:
572:
562:
552:
536:
526:
516:
500:
407:, consisting of the runes listed in due order, was commonly known as
370:
342:
101:
34:
The word "Cirth" written using the Cirth in the Angerthas Daeron mode
12961:
11198:
8501:
7959:
7954:
7816:
7794:
7474:
7467:
5560:
2435:
transcriptions. The reason is that these consonants are realised as
490:
480:
466:
456:
446:
436:
354:
13107:
13023:
13001:
12936:
12835:
12780:
12746:
12716:
12673:
12668:
12653:
12533:
11936:
11542:
11456:
11386:
11371:
11356:
11108:
10391:
10091:
9936:
7941:
7811:
7752:
7462:
7294:
7144:
7043:
6935:
6709:
6683:
6613:
6576:
5154:
4152:
2744:
first came to know the runes of the Noldor at the beginning of the
1149:
1136:
1120:
encompass sounds which do not occur in Sindarin but are present in
807:
800:
789:
769:
415:
381:
377:
346:
226:
174:
161:
130:
77:
44:
12981:
12941:
11218:
7876:
7719:
7674:
7659:
7209:
7129:
6998:
6930:
6874:
6556:
were invented by Tolkien and are not attested in real-life Fuþorc.
5519:
The Cirth is not the only runic writing system used by Tolkien in
5214:
2760:, and developed both carved and pen-written forms of these runes.
13187:
13132:
13051:
13028:
12976:
12830:
12763:
12721:
11591:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11436:
11416:
11341:
11298:
11278:
11243:
11238:
11223:
11193:
10924:
10555:
10464:
10436:
10431:
10426:
9013:
8059:
7992:
6671:
5492:, it can assume different values according to the used language.
5186:
4156:
2749:
2686:
1161:
849:
773:
761:
350:
257:
249:
242:
85:
73:
5327:
4103:, used as an alternative, simplified and, maybe, weaker form of
2583:
376:
This alphabet was devised to represent only the sounds of their
13182:
13018:
12996:
12971:
12921:
12867:
12857:
12658:
12618:
11586:
11537:
11391:
11361:
11303:
11293:
11268:
11130:
11113:
11057:
10590:
10459:
10367:
10137:"N1642: Proposal to encode Cirth in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646-2"
10087:"Quenti Lambardillion: The 'Gondolinic Runes': Another Picture"
9016:
8936:
6697:
5292:, and six for the representation of the same number of English
4109:. Because of the visual relation of these two cirth, the certh
2599:. Non-initial occurrences of are most probably interpreted as
1156:
After the Tengwar became the sole script used for writing, the
1125:
1121:
366:
338:
238:
234:
222:
81:
9932:"Quenti Lambardillion: Runing on Empty: Charting a New Course"
6692:. They seem to have become obsolete and been forgotten by the
4069:
in Elvish languages. Subsequently, this script used the certh
2640:
2355:
sound could best be represented by a reversal of the sign for
13102:
12736:
12693:
12683:
12581:
11366:
11140:
11086:
11069:
11052:
9110:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
7987:
Equivalents for some (but not all) cirth can be found in the
6503:
6464:
5692:
5659:
313:
166:
29:
12375:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
8527:
7757:
5405:
5228:
5112:
4870:
4795:
4612:
3991:
3926:
3920:
3753:
3534:
3459:
3310:
3253:
3181:
2547:, formerly pronounced . In Noldorin, this cluster was later
2266:
2247:
2168:
1390:
1054:
13137:
12792:
12508:
7881:
7860:
7789:
7773:
7736:
7704:
7689:
7571:
7542:
7515:
7432:
7396:
7367:
7311:
7256:
7239:
7180:
7114:
7098:
7093:
7075:
7060:
7028:
6953:
6910:
6628:
6587:
6552:
6475:
6353:
6336:
6300:
6264:
6245:
6209:
6137:
6116:
6097:
6080:
6061:
6044:
6025:
5985:
5932:
5909:
5892:
5873:
5837:
5702:
5675:
5670:
5580:
5451:
5437:
5423:
5391:
5377:
5359:
5341:
5313:
5240:. It reads left-to-right: "Balin sʌn ov Fuin lord ov Moria"
5220:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5127:
5102:
5087:
5072:
5055:
5040:
5025:
5010:
4993:
4978:
4963:
4948:
4931:
4916:
4901:
4886:
4860:
4841:
4826:
4811:
4785:
4770:
4755:
4740:
4723:
4708:
4693:
4661:
4644:
4602:
4587:
4572:
4538:
4523:
4491:
4484:
4469:
4435:
4420:
4388:
4373:
4358:
4322:
4290:
4275:
4260:
4143:
the Dwarves were driven out of Moria, and some migrated to
4121:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4085:
4071:
4049:
4043:
4034:
4025:
3910:
3900:
3890:
3857:
3835:
3821:
3815:
3768:
3743:
3728:
3713:
3696:
3681:
3662:
3641:
3626:
3607:
3588:
3573:
3550:
3524:
3505:
3490:
3475:
3449:
3434:
3419:
3404:
3387:
3372:
3357:
3325:
3300:
3285:
3243:
3228:
3213:
3171:
3156:
3141:
3109:
3092:
3077:
3045:
3030:
3015:
2983:
2968:
2953:
2921:
2906:
2891:
2859:
2844:
2669:
2656:
2623:
2572:
2539:
2511:
2491:
2467:
2409:
2395:
2258:
2239:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
1956:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1114:
1105:
1094:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1046:
1041:
1013:
1002:
997:
969:
962:
952:
940:
928:
879:
873:
860:
734:
714:
708:
694:
688:
9232:
8728:
7946:
7275:
7013:
6972:
6891:
6633:
6592:
6544:
6519:
6439:
6317:
6192:
5949:
5856:
5825:
5806:
5637:
4678:
4629:
4557:
4508:
4454:
4405:
4343:
4307:
4245:
3342:
3270:
3198:
3126:
3062:
3000:
2938:
2876:
2827:
2702:
2375:
2365:
2335:
1963:
1354:
1347:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
916:
904:
854:
841:
835:
728:
349:
for their language some time between the invention of the
16:
Artificial script in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien
12548:
11157:
11125:
9635:
is pronounced as a 'front explosive' , as e.g. Hungarian
9066:
9063:
8673:
8670:
8664:
8559:
8556:
6716:
The system provides sounds not found in any of the known
6428:
5277:
The Book of Mazarbul shows some additional cirth used in
3884:
1131:
By loan-translation, the Cirth became known in Quenya as
237:
in order to represent the sounds of other languages like
9172:
9169:
9166:
9163:
9060:
9057:
9019:
8667:
8661:
8658:
8655:
8650:
8553:
8550:
8411:
6382: This table summarises the transcription of English
1026:, probably stemming from ligatures of the corresponding
9639:; but it is followed by an appreciable partly unvoiced
9160:
9128:
9075:
9069:
8647:
8615:
8568:
8562:
3946:
in voiceless stops, occurring frequently in Khuzdul as
2339:. However, archaic Sindarin had two labial nasals: the
202:
is written with a capital letter when referring to the
13240:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
10139:. Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC
9909:
Aglab Khazad: The Secret Language of Tolkien's Dwarves
9157:
9125:
9113:
9022:
8644:
8618:
8612:
8600:
8158:: Part of Private Use Area; possible conflicting fonts
814:
In this arrangement, the assignment of values to each
301:
Many letters have shapes also found in the historical
9107:
9072:
9036:
9028:
9025:
9004:
8998:
8957:
8942:
8635:
8624:
8621:
8597:
8565:
8519:
8516:
8485:
8479:
8438:
8421:
8181:
Two different layouts are defined by the CSUR/UCSUR:
5615:
5593:
848:
moving the branch to the left indicates opening to a
9148:
9007:
8954:
8638:
8530:
8488:
8435:
3887:
3881:
129:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
9702:was formerly the voiced counterpart followed by a
3878:
1124:, they were most probably introduced by the Exiled
319:
9287:Mittelerde: Tolkien und die germanische Mythologie
9175:
867:placing the branch on both sides of the stem adds
9293:] (in German). C. H. Beck. pp. 155–156.
6700:could still read the inscriptions on the swords.
5514:
960:Other letters introduced in this system include:
229:. Its extension and elaboration was known as the
13322:
10299:. Under-ConScript Unicode Registry. 2008-04-14.
9525:-offglide (more marked medially than initially).
5504:The cirth marked with an asterisk are unique to
4093:, useless in Khuzdul) was adopted for the sound
2399:was not clearly related in shape to the dentals.
1164:, who maintained it in use and made it known as
143:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
10111:"Study explores JRR Tolkien's Welsh influences"
9400:. London: George Allen & Unwin. Appendix E.
9386:
9384:
9382:
9380:
9378:
9376:
9374:
9372:
9370:
9368:
9366:
9131:
9054:
8547:
2752:. The Dwarves spread their revised alphabet to
9845:"Amanye Tenceli: Tengwar - The Classical mode"
9364:
9362:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9151:
9142:
9134:
8907:
8904:
8901:
8892:
8378:
8375:
8372:
8363:
8196:Without proper rendering support, you may see
8185:1997-11-03 proposal implemented by fonts like
6696:, and this is supported by the fact that only
248:Although it was later largely replaced by the
12402:
10606:
10350:
10336:
9154:
9122:
9119:
9116:
9104:
9101:
9098:
9095:
9092:
9089:
9081:
9078:
9051:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9039:
9001:
8995:
8989:
8983:
8972:
8969:
8963:
8948:
8945:
8930:
8922:
8916:
8910:
8898:
8895:
8889:
8886:
8877:
8869:
8866:
8860:
8854:
8851:
8842:
8836:
8641:
8609:
8606:
8603:
8594:
8591:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8574:
8571:
8544:
8541:
8538:
8535:
8482:
8476:
8470:
8464:
8453:
8450:
8444:
8429:
8426:
8401:
8393:
8387:
8381:
8369:
8366:
8360:
8357:
8344:
8334:
8329:
8323:
8317:
8314:
8301:
8295:
8069:
6682:(which were forged in the ancient kingdom of
6359:
6342:
6323:
6306:
6287:
6270:
6251:
6234:
6215:
6198:
6179:
6162:
6143:
6122:
6103:
6086:
6067:
6050:
6031:
6010:
5991:
5974:
5955:
5938:
5915:
5898:
5879:
5862:
5843:
5831:
5812:
5795:
5553:According to Tolkien himself, those found in
1128:who spoke Quenya as a language of knowledge.
1102:Back to the fictional history, since the new
12326:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings
9291:Middle-earth: Tolkien and Germanic Mythology
9248:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
9244:
9145:
9010:
8992:
8986:
8975:
8966:
8960:
8951:
8939:
8933:
8919:
8913:
8883:
8880:
8863:
8857:
8848:
8845:
8839:
8833:
8830:
8827:
8824:
8744:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
8740:
8627:
8491:
8473:
8467:
8456:
8447:
8441:
8432:
8416:
8406:
8390:
8384:
8352:
8347:
8326:
8320:
8309:
8304:
8298:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
4083:in the Elvish systems. Therefore, the certh
2475:, which is pronounced in Noldorin but is a
2383:. The sound merged with in later Sindarin.
12284:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
10018:
10016:
10014:
10012:
10010:
9343:
4097:. A totally new introduction was the certh
3825:were switched, giving the former the value
780:. Thus, the new system became known as the
252:, the Cirth was nonetheless adopted by the
12409:
12395:
10613:
10599:
10343:
10329:
10150:
8214:ConScript Unicode Registry 1997 code chart
12416:
9957:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9562:is the voiced counterpart: a lip-rounded
6666:are Dwarf-runes. The swords found in the
4089:(which was previously used for the sound
3861:, used for vowels like those in the word
12319:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
12270:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
12196:Things named after Tolkien and his works
10222:. ConScript Unicode Registry. 1997-11-03
10022:
10007:
9236:As of 2000-04-22 proposal (differs from
8763:ConScript Unicode Registry 2000 proposal
5545:
5236:'s tomb is written in English using the
5227:
3990:
994:of the corresponding short vowel (e.g.,
288:
13226:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
12263:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
10260:
10134:
10058:
9961:
9832:counts as a group), less so initially).
9828:-offglide, more marked medially (where
9797:
9759:
9717:
9683:
9616:
9581:
9539:
9494:
9390:
8732:As of 1997-11-03 version (differs from
8198:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1551:
1526:
986:, evidently originated by doubling and
284:
206:; the letters themselves can be called
13323:
9948:
9558:which only occurs in the medial group
9535:
9533:
6612:
6575:
2714:for the reasons stated above (cf. the
2587:"ñwalme", formerly represented Quenya
1148:
1135:
806:
799:
788:
414:
361:1250) and the introduction thereof to
173:
160:
12390:
10594:
10324:
9905:
9655:
9653:
9651:
9313:
9281:
8168:layouts for Cirth are defined at the
3908:sound in unstressed syllables, while
2706:, the theoretical value of which was
2664:: it is similar in shape both to the
2635:in both Quenya and Sindarin (cf. the
10935:The History of The Lord of the Rings
10084:
9929:
9820:is 'palatal n' but followed by (cf.
6674:could not read. In fact, the swords
4125:that, in this script, had the sound
3974:, and is basically identical to the
3962:
2627:, the theoretical value of which is
1176:: In this article, the runes of the
752:In Beleriand, before the end of the
225:(or Grey Elves) for their language,
133:. For the distinction between ,
9971:. London: George Allen & Unwin.
9530:
7977:
6657:
4155:, they needed a script to write in
4132:
745:
297:, dating back to the 1980s at least
279:
13:
12347:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
12221:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
10575:Sound and language in Middle-earth
10200:"Under-ConScript Unicode Registry"
9648:
6686:) bore a type of letters known as
6603:There is no rune to transliterate
3995:Runes in the upper inscription of
3855:These cirth were a halved form of
2729:
2563:
198:he devised and used in his works.
14:
13362:
13233:In the Land of Invented Languages
12312:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
9981:
9782:, which has become simplified to
2694:
2531:
2503:
2459:
2443:in Vanyarin Quenya. Although the
2387:
2327:
829:adding a stroke to a branch adds
10911:The Lost Road and Other Writings
10620:
9930:Hyde, Paul Nolan (Summer 1990).
9736:is an audibly spirant voiceless
8176:Under-ConScript Unicode Registry
7958:
7953:
7945:
7940:
7924:
7904:
7899:
7880:
7875:
7859:
7839:
7834:
7815:
7810:
7793:
7788:
7772:
7756:
7751:
7735:
7718:
7703:
7688:
7673:
7658:
7570:
7541:
7526:
7519:
7514:
7473:
7466:
7461:
7431:
7395:
7366:
7335:
7330:
7310:
7293:
7274:
7255:
7238:
7208:
7179:
7143:
7128:
7113:
7097:
7092:
7074:
7059:
7042:
7027:
7012:
6997:
6971:
6952:
6934:
6929:
6909:
6890:
6873:
6732:when creating Elvish languages.
6632:
6627:
6591:
6586:
6551:
6543:
6535:
6518:
6499:
6474:
6460:
6450:
6438:
6424:
6352:
6335:
6316:
6299:
6280:
6263:
6244:
6227:
6208:
6191:
6172:
6155:
6136:
6115:
6096:
6079:
6060:
6043:
6024:
6003:
5984:
5967:
5948:
5931:
5908:
5891:
5872:
5855:
5836:
5824:
5805:
5788:
5701:
5700:is always written with the rune
5688:
5674:
5669:
5655:
5633:
5611:
5589:
5579:
5480:
5450:
5436:
5422:
5404:
5390:
5376:
5358:
5340:
5326:
5312:
5219:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5185:
5169:
5153:
5126:
5111:
5101:
5086:
5071:
5054:
5039:
5024:
5009:
4992:
4977:
4962:
4947:
4930:
4915:
4900:
4885:
4869:
4859:
4840:
4825:
4810:
4794:
4784:
4769:
4754:
4739:
4722:
4707:
4692:
4677:
4660:
4643:
4628:
4611:
4601:
4586:
4571:
4556:
4537:
4522:
4507:
4490:
4483:
4468:
4453:
4434:
4419:
4404:
4387:
4372:
4357:
4342:
4321:
4306:
4289:
4274:
4259:
4244:
4120:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4084:
4070:
4048:
4042:
4033:
4024:
3938:
3925:
3919:
3909:
3899:
3874:
3856:
3851:
3834:
3820:
3814:
3793:
3767:
3752:
3742:
3727:
3712:
3695:
3680:
3661:
3640:
3625:
3606:
3587:
3572:
3549:
3533:
3523:
3504:
3489:
3474:
3458:
3448:
3433:
3418:
3403:
3386:
3371:
3356:
3341:
3324:
3309:
3299:
3284:
3269:
3252:
3242:
3227:
3212:
3197:
3180:
3170:
3155:
3140:
3125:
3108:
3091:
3076:
3061:
3044:
3029:
3014:
2999:
2982:
2967:
2952:
2937:
2920:
2905:
2890:
2875:
2858:
2843:
2826:
2718:
2701:
2685:
2668:
2655:
2648:
2639:
2622:
2615:
2582:
2571:
2538:
2525:voiceless postalveolar fricative
2510:
2490:
2483:
2477:voiceless postalveolar affricate
2466:
2408:
2403:
2394:
2374:
2364:
2334:
2265:
2257:
2246:
2238:
2167:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
1962:
1955:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1389:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1300:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1113:
1104:
1093:
1089:homorganic nasal + stop clusters
1077:
1069:
1064:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1012:
1001:
996:
968:
961:
951:
939:
927:
915:
903:
878:
872:
859:
853:
840:
834:
733:
727:
713:
707:
693:
687:
664:
654:
644:
634:
605:
591:
577:
571:
561:
551:
535:
525:
515:
499:
489:
479:
465:
455:
445:
435:
399:meaning "to cleave, to cut". An
320:Internal history and description
28:
12228:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
12105:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
11827:Finnish language and literature
10797:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
10306:from the original on 2014-06-17
10286:
10275:from the original on 2003-03-12
10261:Everson, Michael (2000-04-22).
10254:
10233:
10212:
10192:
10171:
10135:Everson, Michael (1997-09-18).
10128:
10103:
10078:
10052:
10041:from the original on 2008-07-25
9975:
9923:
9899:
9837:
9791:
9778:... only occurred in the group
9753:
9711:
9677:
9610:
6662:Not all the runes mentioned in
6560:
6379:
5706:whether in English it is spelt
5500:
5141:Angerthas Erebor also features
3833:, and its reversed counterpart
2756:, where it came to be known as
125:International Phonetic Alphabet
12368:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
12340:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
11617:Ancestry as guide to character
10753:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
10085:Hyde, Paul Nolan (July 1992).
9575:
9521:followed by a partly unvoiced
9488:
9460:
9432:
9404:
9307:
9275:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9215:
9213:
9211:
9209:
9207:
9205:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9191:
9184:
9182:
9180:
9178:
8717:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8695:
8693:
8691:
8689:
8687:
8680:
8678:
8676:
6530:
5515:Other runic scripts by Tolkien
4061:, although they were used for
2431:of this series comes with two
1768:
1310:
1:
13305:List of constructed languages
12277:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
10741:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
9268:
5265:in the bottom inscription of
3797:The Khuzdul language has two
2447:was devised for the Noldorin
811:, meaning "long rune-rows").
293:Rock carving in Cirth in the
13351:Miscellaneous Unicode blocks
13331:Middle-earth writing systems
10481:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
10220:"Cirth: U+E080–U+E0FF"
10179:"ConScript Unicode Registry"
10066:. Letter to Katherine Farrer
10023:Lindberg, Per (2016-11-27).
9740:, that is approximately as
9517:) consists of a lip-rounded
7896:
7831:
7733:
7656:
7594:
7558:
7496:
7454:
7418:
7389:
7353:
7291:
7229:
7200:
7164:
7089:
6988:
6926:
6864:
6778:
6567:Tolkien commonly writes the
6513:
6491:
6481:
6457:
6445:
6416:
6397:
6333:
6297:
6261:
6225:
6189:
6153:
6113:
6077:
6041:
6001:
5965:
5929:
5889:
5853:
5822:
5786:
5764:
5448:
5434:
5420:
5402:
5388:
5374:
5356:
5338:
5324:
5310:
5300:
5069:
5007:
4945:
4883:
4808:
4737:
4675:
4626:
4554:
4505:
4451:
4402:
4340:
4304:
4242:
4188:
3710:
3657:
3604:
3547:
3472:
3401:
3339:
3267:
3195:
3123:
3059:
2997:
2935:
2873:
2824:
2768:
2295:
2274:
2224:
2220:
2199:
2176:
2124:
2120:
2098:
2074:
2027:
2023:
2000:
1977:
1943:
1925:
1899:
1867:
1800:
1757:
1732:
1678:
1674:
1653:
1628:
1574:
1570:
1547:
1515:
1493:
1446:
1442:
1421:
1396:
1334:
1318:
1278:
1253:
1199:
1180:come with the same peculiar
629:
615:
549:
513:
477:
430:
295:Sydney Harbour National Park
213:In the fictional history of
118: This article contains
7:
11800:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
10968:The Peoples of Middle-earth
10903:The Shaping of Middle-earth
9256:
5535:The History of Middle-earth
5496:
5476:
3958:
3934:
3847:
3789:
2521:voiceless palatal fricative
2439:in Noldorin Quenya, but as
948:labialized velar consonants
718:specifically mentioned for
10:
13367:
11474:List of weapons and armour
11007:The Nature of Middle-earth
10697:The Fellowship of the Ring
9321:; Carr, Gerald F. (eds.).
9225:
8754:
8721:
8205:
8171:ConScript Unicode Registry
8070:ConScript Unicode Registry
7982:
5774:
5232:The bottom inscription of
982:, respectively; runes for
337:, Tolkien writes that the
324:
13310:List of language creators
13295:
13249:
13198:
13150:
13090:
12891:
12806:
12707:
12497:
12486:
12424:
12361:Tolkien and the Great War
12208:
12169:Works inspired by Tolkien
12151:
12084:
12073:Nightfall in Middle-Earth
12005:
11922:
11913:
11888:The Atlas of Middle-earth
11879:
11792:
11602:
11493:
11486:
11429:
11319:
11171:
11033:
11022:
10992:The History of The Hobbit
10977:
10864:
10855:
10762:
10734:The Scouring of the Shire
10670:
10663:
10628:
10533:
10473:
10445:
10409:
10358:
10352:Languages of Middle-earth
10294:"Cirth, Range: E080–E0FF"
10160:. Unicode.org. 2015-06-03
8154:
8150:
8140:
8132:
8124:
8116:
8108:
8098:
8088:
8079:
7921:
7919:
7856:
7854:
7643:
7631:
7619:
7607:
7595:
7584:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7497:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7487:
7457:
7455:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7428:
7426:
7419:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7363:
7361:
7354:
7350:
7326:
7324:
7307:
7288:
7271:
7269:
7252:
7230:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7165:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7056:
6989:
6985:
6968:
6966:
6949:
6923:
6906:
6904:
6887:
6865:
6851:
6839:
6827:
6815:
6803:
6791:
6779:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6740:
6492:
6473:
6417:
5799:
4657:
4551:
4448:
4443:
4440:
4337:
4335:
3829:and using the latter for
3658:
3654:
3601:
2840:
2305:
2282:
2237:
2225:
2221:
2209:
2184:
2137:
2125:
2121:
2109:
2083:
2043:
2028:
2024:
1944:
1926:
1801:
1733:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1654:
1629:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1540:
1516:
1511:
1494:
1485:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1422:
1397:
1340:
1335:
1319:
1279:
1254:
1205:
1200:
431:
384:these letters were named
256:to write down both their
116:
100:
95:
69:
61:
51:
39:
27:
21:
12298:The Road to Middle-Earth
12164:Middle-earth Enterprises
10810:The three "Great Tales"
9866:. Only used for initial
8200:below instead of Cirth.
6611:(representing the sound
4139:At the beginning of the
4003:, reading left-to-right:
3809:, the latter being "the
2710:, was used for Sindarin
369:at the beginning of the
188:several scripts invented
13282:Interlingue/Interlingua
12449:International auxiliary
12119:An Evening in Rivendell
11992:Margrethe II of Denmark
11871:A mythology for England
10263:"X.X Cirth 1xx00–1xx7F"
10025:"Tolkien English Runes"
9874:. Other occurrences of
9870:, which developed from
8136:19 reserved code points
8074:Unicode character block
8011:graphemes, as follows:
6670:' cave bore runes that
6625:) is always written as
6528:
5756:Here the runes used in
5567:runic alphabet) to the
5538:, vol. VII), edited by
5529:The Treason of Isengard
2499:, formerly pronounced .
772:and loremaster of King
264:) and the languages of
158:Sindarin pronunciation:
121:phonetic transcriptions
12987:Middle-earth languages
12242:Master of Middle-Earth
11764:Psychological journeys
11328:First and Second Ages
11180:First and Second Ages
10942:The Notion Club Papers
10880:The Book of Lost Tales
10727:The Return of the King
10704:The Shadow of the Past
10580:Sundering of the Elves
9661:"Quenya pronunciation"
9397:The Return of the King
9329:. pp. 1239–1242.
5241:
5190:to mark cirth used as
4119:to relate better with
4079:, which had the sound
4016:
2427:In this article, each
334:The Return of the King
298:
13262:Esperanto/Interlingua
13163:Esperanto orthography
12742:Pan-Germanic language
12524:Communicationssprache
12418:Constructed languages
12354:Tolkien's Legendarium
12098:The Road Goes Ever On
12040:The Lord of the Rings
12025:The Lord of the Rings
11901:A Map of Middle-earth
11644:Death and immortality
11447:Red Book of Westmarch
10960:The War of the Jewels
10895:The Lays of Beleriand
10816:The Children of Húrin
10711:The Council of Elrond
10690:The Lord of the Rings
10569:The Lord of the Rings
10567:Pseudotranslation in
10398:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
10062:(November 30, 1947).
6533: The three runes
5254:to write in English:
5251:The Lord of the Rings
5231:
3994:
3979:⟨&⟩
2738:Tolkien's legendarium
2723:"hwesta sindarinwa").
2677:, then reassigned to
2631:, is instead used as
893:place of articulation
331:In the Appendix E to
292:
196:constructed languages
182:, based on real‑life
12754:Pan-Romance language
12629:Latino sine flexione
12133:At Dawn in Rivendell
12126:A Night in Rivendell
12113:The Tolkien Ensemble
11947:Brothers Hildebrandt
11469:Two Trees of Valinor
10832:The Fall of Gondolin
10158:"Roadmap to the SMP"
9906:Amram, Tess (2015).
6643:Anglo-Saxon spelling
5486:scribal abbreviation
5143:combining diacritics
4115:was given the sound
3970:used to represent a
3968:scribal abbreviation
3942:This letter denotes
2607:(i.e., two separate
2369:was given the value
426:were the following:
285:Concept and creation
112:, Cirth
12771:Pan-Slavic language
11637:Round World dilemma
11189:Eärendil and Elwing
10842:The Fall of Númenor
9780:⟨ndy⟩
9560:⟨ngw⟩
8734:2000-04-22 proposal
7592:
6737:
5540:Christopher Tolkien
5490:⟨the⟩
5334:⟨the⟩
5281:: one for a double
4041:were dropped. Thus
2673:(formerly used for
2660:was introduced for
2545:⟨ndy⟩
2419:(column III in the
1798:
1197:
790:[ɑŋˈɡɛrθɑs]
786:(where "angerthas"
392:), from the Elvish
345:first developed an
221:was created by the
13158:Constructed script
12634:Lingua Franca Nova
12614:International Sign
12256:A Question of Time
12058:The Rings of Power
11977:Alexander Korotich
11774:Sound and language
11654:Dreams and visions
10489:Parma Eldalamberon
9990:The Tolkien Estate
9917:Swarthmore College
9876:⟨nw⟩
9872:⟨ñw⟩
9868:⟨nw⟩
9830:⟨ny⟩
9822:⟨ty⟩
9818:⟨ny⟩
9808:Parma Eldalamberon
9784:⟨ny⟩
9776:⟨dy⟩
9770:Parma Eldalamberon
9734:⟨hy⟩
9728:Parma Eldalamberon
9700:⟨dy⟩
9694:Parma Eldalamberon
9633:⟨ty⟩
9627:Parma Eldalamberon
9603:⟨mh⟩
9592:Parma Eldalamberon
9556:⟨gw⟩
9550:Parma Eldalamberon
9515:⟨kw⟩
9505:Parma Eldalamberon
9263:List of runestones
9238:1997-11-03 version
8112:Artificial Scripts
8009:⟨sh⟩
8005:⟨oo⟩
7590:
6735:
6639:⟨cw⟩
6609:⟨qu⟩
6598:⟨hw⟩
6571:⟨wh⟩
6515:every other sound
6494:⟨oo⟩
6447:every other sound
6365:⟨sh⟩
6329:⟨oo⟩
6293:⟨eo⟩
6257:⟨ng⟩
6221:⟨ee⟩
6185:⟨st⟩
6149:⟨ea⟩
6109:⟨th⟩
6020:⟨ph⟩
5732:⟨oo⟩
5681:⟨ch⟩
5462:⟨ow⟩
5458:⟨ou⟩
5444:⟨oo⟩
5430:⟨oa⟩
5416:⟨ew⟩
5412:⟨eu⟩
5398:⟨ee⟩
5384:⟨ea⟩
5370:⟨aw⟩
5366:⟨au⟩
5352:⟨ay⟩
5348:⟨ai⟩
5320:⟨ll⟩
5242:
4017:
3799:glottal consonants
2712:⟨hw⟩
2679:⟨ty⟩
2633:⟨ss⟩
2597:⟨nw⟩
2589:⟨ñw⟩
2553:⟨ny⟩
2523:in Noldorin and a
2517:⟨hy⟩
2515:stands for Quenya
2497:⟨dy⟩
2495:represents Quenya
2473:⟨ty⟩
2381:⟨mh⟩
2363:), the reversible
2353:⟨mh⟩
2349:⟨mh⟩
1793:
1192:
1007:⟨oo⟩
869:voice and nasality
299:
13318:
13317:
13173:Tolkien's scripts
13146:
13145:
12863:Logopandecteision
12826:Dutton Speedwords
12759:Neolatino Romance
12639:Lingwa de planeta
12384:
12383:
12333:A Tolkien Compass
12249:Picturing Tolkien
12235:Interrupted Music
12204:
12203:
12140:Leaving Rivendell
11909:
11908:
11895:Journeys of Frodo
11749:Old Straight Road
11739:Naming of weapons
11482:
11481:
11229:Lúthien and Beren
11018:
11017:
11000:Carl F. Hostetter
10851:
10850:
10824:Beren and Lúthien
10805:Bilbo's Last Song
10588:
10587:
10505:Carl F. Hostetter
10495:Anthony Appleyard
9986:"Writing Systems"
9884:⟨w⟩
9880:⟨n⟩
9799:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9761:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9719:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9685:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9618:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9583:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9541:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9511:⟨q⟩
9496:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9468:"Sindarin Words:
9440:"Sindarin Words:
9412:"Sindarin Words:
9392:Tolkien, J. R. R.
9336:978-3-11-012223-7
9327:Walter de Gruyter
9254:
9253:
8750:
8749:
8162:
8161:
8094:(128 code points)
8001:⟨k⟩
7975:
7974:
7653:
7646:
7641:
7634:
7629:
7622:
7617:
7610:
7605:
7598:
7588:
7587:
7502:
7424:
7359:
7235:
7170:
6994:
6870:
6861:
6854:
6849:
6842:
6837:
6830:
6825:
6818:
6813:
6806:
6801:
6794:
6789:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6641:, reflecting the
6605:⟨q⟩
6526:
6525:
6484:⟨o⟩
6419:⟨a⟩
6410:
6399:English grapheme
6388:⟨o⟩
6384:⟨a⟩
6370:
6369:
6348:⟨p⟩
6276:⟨n⟩
6240:⟨m⟩
6204:⟨l⟩
6168:⟨k⟩
6132:⟨j⟩
6128:⟨i⟩
6092:⟨h⟩
6073:⟨z⟩
6056:⟨g⟩
6037:⟨y⟩
6016:⟨f⟩
5997:⟨x⟩
5980:⟨e⟩
5961:⟨w⟩
5944:⟨d⟩
5925:⟨v⟩
5921:⟨u⟩
5904:⟨c⟩
5885:⟨t⟩
5868:⟨b⟩
5849:⟨s⟩
5818:⟨r⟩
5783:English grapheme
5772:English grapheme
5748:⟨o⟩
5744:⟨a⟩
5720:⟨a⟩
5708:⟨o⟩
5585:⟨c⟩
5512:
5511:
5467:
5466:
5307:English spelling
5283:⟨l⟩
5248:is used twice in
5139:
5138:
4053:were adopted for
3989:
3988:
3780:
3779:
2708:⟨m⟩
2675:⟨h⟩
2662:⟨h⟩
2629:⟨z⟩
2605:⟨w⟩
2601:⟨n⟩
2471:indicates Quenya
2371:⟨m⟩
2359:(to indicate its
2357:⟨m⟩
2317:
2316:
2301:
2278:
2205:
2180:
2104:
2078:
2006:
1981:
1905:
1871:
1789:
1788:
1772:
1763:
1736:
1659:
1632:
1555:
1530:
1521:
1497:
1427:
1400:
1314:
1304:
1284:
1257:
1193:Regularly formed
1167:Angerthas Eregion
1140:, while a single
1137:[ˈkɛrtar]
1083:⟨ö⟩
1059:⟨ü⟩
1032:⟨i⟩
1018:⟨ō⟩
980:⟨w⟩
976:⟨a⟩
912:dental consonants
900:labial consonants
808:[ˈkɛrθɑs]
794:is from Sindarin
704:⟨s⟩
700:⟨h⟩
677:
676:
416:[ˈkɛrθɑs]
180:artificial script
178:) is a semi‑
150:
149:
13358:
13346:Runiform scripts
13267:Esperanto/Novial
13091:Ritual and other
12932:Elvish languages
12853:Lingua generalis
12841:Astrolinguistics
12495:
12494:
12411:
12404:
12397:
12388:
12387:
12305:Splintered Light
11920:
11919:
11744:Northern courage
11669:Environmentalism
11649:Decline and fall
11572:Tolkien's poetry
11491:
11490:
11209:Finwë and Míriel
11031:
11030:
10985:John D. Rateliff
10862:
10861:
10789:Unfinished Tales
10772:The Silmarillion
10668:
10667:
10633:J. R. R. Tolkien
10615:
10608:
10601:
10592:
10591:
10500:Helge Fauskanger
10360:Elvish languages
10345:
10338:
10331:
10322:
10321:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10311:
10305:
10298:
10290:
10284:
10283:
10281:
10280:
10274:
10267:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10243:. Unifoundry.com
10237:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10227:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10196:
10190:
10189:
10187:
10186:
10175:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10165:
10154:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10144:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10122:
10107:
10101:
10100:
10082:
10076:
10075:
10073:
10071:
10056:
10050:
10049:
10047:
10046:
10040:
10029:
10020:
10005:
10004:
9998:
9996:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9959:
9946:
9945:
9927:
9921:
9920:
9914:
9903:
9897:
9896:
9885:
9881:
9878:(originating in
9877:
9873:
9869:
9856:
9855:
9841:
9835:
9834:
9831:
9823:
9819:
9795:
9789:
9788:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9757:
9751:
9750:
9735:
9715:
9709:
9708:
9701:
9681:
9675:
9674:
9672:
9671:
9657:
9646:
9645:
9634:
9614:
9608:
9607:
9604:
9579:
9573:
9572:
9561:
9557:
9537:
9528:
9527:
9516:
9512:
9492:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9464:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9454:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9408:
9402:
9401:
9388:
9341:
9340:
9319:Rauch, Irmengard
9311:
9305:
9304:
9279:
9247:
9235:
8752:
8751:
8743:
8731:
8203:
8202:
8166:Private Use Area
8141:Source standards
8082:Private Use Area
8077:
8076:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7978:Encoding schemes
7971:
7963:
7962:
7957:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7936:
7928:
7917:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7893:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7871:
7863:
7852:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7828:
7820:
7819:
7814:
7806:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7784:
7776:
7769:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7747:
7739:
7730:
7722:
7715:
7707:
7700:
7692:
7685:
7677:
7670:
7662:
7649:
7644:
7637:
7632:
7625:
7620:
7613:
7608:
7601:
7596:
7593:
7589:
7582:
7574:
7553:
7545:
7538:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7498:
7485:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7443:
7435:
7420:
7407:
7399:
7378:
7370:
7355:
7348:
7340:
7339:
7334:
7322:
7314:
7305:
7297:
7286:
7278:
7267:
7259:
7250:
7242:
7231:
7220:
7212:
7191:
7183:
7166:
7155:
7147:
7140:
7132:
7125:
7117:
7110:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7086:
7078:
7071:
7063:
7054:
7046:
7039:
7031:
7024:
7016:
7009:
7001:
6990:
6983:
6975:
6964:
6956:
6947:
6939:
6938:
6933:
6921:
6913:
6902:
6894:
6885:
6877:
6866:
6857:
6852:
6845:
6840:
6833:
6828:
6821:
6816:
6809:
6804:
6797:
6792:
6785:
6780:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6718:Elvish languages
6689:Gondolinic runes
6658:Gondolinic runes
6651:
6649:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6624:
6616:
6610:
6606:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6579:
6572:
6569:English digraph
6564:
6557:
6555:
6549:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6522:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6495:
6485:
6478:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6454:
6442:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6420:
6404:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6308:
6303:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6007:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5833:
5828:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5797:
5792:
5763:
5762:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5733:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5652:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5630:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5608:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5583:
5506:Angerthas Erebor
5503:
5491:
5484:This certh is a
5483:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5445:
5440:
5431:
5426:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5399:
5394:
5385:
5380:
5371:
5367:
5362:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5335:
5330:
5321:
5316:
5299:
5298:
5290:definite article
5284:
5279:Angerthas Erebor
5246:Angerthas Erebor
5238:Angerthas Erebor
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5189:
5173:
5157:
5130:
5123:
5115:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5090:
5083:
5075:
5066:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5036:
5028:
5021:
5013:
5004:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4974:
4966:
4959:
4951:
4942:
4934:
4927:
4919:
4912:
4904:
4897:
4889:
4880:
4873:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4805:
4798:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4766:
4758:
4751:
4743:
4734:
4726:
4719:
4711:
4704:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4672:
4664:
4655:
4647:
4640:
4632:
4623:
4615:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4590:
4583:
4575:
4568:
4560:
4549:
4541:
4534:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4502:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4416:
4408:
4399:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4369:
4361:
4354:
4346:
4333:
4325:
4318:
4310:
4301:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4271:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4187:
4186:
4182:Book of Mazarbul
4171:Angerthas Erebor
4134:Angerthas Erebor
4128:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4031:
4028:
3980:
3966:This certh is a
3965:
3941:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3872:
3860:
3854:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3707:
3699:
3692:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3652:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3622:
3618:
3610:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3544:
3537:
3531:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3469:
3462:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3415:
3407:
3398:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3368:
3360:
3353:
3345:
3336:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3192:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3120:
3112:
3105:
3095:
3088:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3056:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3026:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2932:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2870:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2838:
2830:
2767:
2766:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2691:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2559:, turning into .
2554:
2546:
2542:
2528:
2518:
2514:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2456:
2445:Angerthas Daeron
2414:
2412:
2400:
2398:
2384:
2382:
2379:was assigned to
2378:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2338:
2297:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2201:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2100:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2002:
1979:
1966:
1959:
1920:
1901:
1892:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1799:
1792:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1655:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1423:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1280:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1198:
1191:
1158:Angerthas Daeron
1152:
1150:[ˈkɛrta]
1139:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1033:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1000:
981:
977:
973:
972:
965:
955:
943:
936:velar consonants
931:
924:front consonants
919:
907:
882:
876:
863:
857:
844:
838:
810:
804:
803:
797:
793:
792:
783:Angerthas Daeron
747:Angerthas Daeron
737:
731:
717:
711:
705:
701:
697:
691:
668:
658:
648:
638:
609:
595:
581:
575:
565:
555:
539:
529:
519:
503:
493:
483:
469:
459:
449:
439:
429:
428:
418:
280:External history
270:Angerthas Erebor
231:Angerthas Daeron
192:J. R. R. Tolkien
177:
164:
159:
146:
140:
136:
111:
108:
56:J. R. R. Tolkien
32:
19:
18:
13366:
13365:
13361:
13360:
13359:
13357:
13356:
13355:
13321:
13320:
13319:
13314:
13291:
13272:Ido/Interlingua
13245:
13219:Bridge of Words
13194:
13142:
13086:
12896:
12887:
12802:
12703:
12624:Langue nouvelle
12500:
12490:
12488:
12482:
12420:
12415:
12385:
12380:
12291:Perilous Realms
12211:
12200:
12147:
12080:
12023:Symphony No. 1
12001:
11962:Donato Giancola
11915:
11905:
11875:
11822:Classical world
11788:
11679:First World War
11598:
11478:
11425:
11377:Lonely Mountain
11315:
11167:
11038:
11025:
11014:
10973:
10918:The Etymologies
10868:
10857:
10847:
10758:
10672:
10659:
10624:
10619:
10589:
10584:
10549:The Etymologies
10529:
10469:
10441:
10410:Other languages
10405:
10385:Respective case
10354:
10349:
10319:
10318:
10309:
10307:
10303:
10296:
10292:
10291:
10287:
10278:
10276:
10272:
10265:
10259:
10255:
10246:
10244:
10239:
10238:
10234:
10225:
10223:
10218:
10217:
10213:
10204:
10202:
10198:
10197:
10193:
10184:
10182:
10177:
10176:
10172:
10163:
10161:
10156:
10155:
10151:
10142:
10140:
10133:
10129:
10120:
10118:
10109:
10108:
10104:
10083:
10079:
10069:
10067:
10060:Tolkien, J.R.R.
10057:
10053:
10044:
10042:
10038:
10027:
10021:
10008:
9994:
9992:
9983:Smith, Arden R.
9980:
9976:
9963:Tolkien, J.R.R.
9960:
9949:
9928:
9924:
9912:
9904:
9900:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9853:
9851:
9843:
9842:
9838:
9829:
9821:
9817:
9796:
9792:
9783:
9779:
9775:
9758:
9754:
9733:
9716:
9712:
9699:
9682:
9678:
9669:
9667:
9659:
9658:
9649:
9632:
9615:
9611:
9602:
9580:
9576:
9559:
9555:
9538:
9531:
9514:
9510:
9493:
9489:
9480:
9478:
9466:
9465:
9461:
9452:
9450:
9438:
9437:
9433:
9424:
9422:
9410:
9409:
9405:
9389:
9344:
9337:
9325:. Vol. 1.
9315:Smith, Arden R.
9312:
9308:
9301:
9280:
9276:
9271:
9259:
8761:
8674:
8671:
8668:
8212:
8174:(CSUR) and the
8128:109 code points
8117:Major alphabets
8093:
8075:
8072:
8064:Michael Everson
8053:RUNIC LETTER OO
8052:
8049:
8044:
8043:
8039:RUNIC LETTER SH
8038:
8035:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8021:
8016:
8015:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7985:
7980:
7952:
7951:
7939:
7898:
7874:
7833:
7809:
7787:
7750:
7525:
7513:
7472:
7460:
7329:
7091:
6928:
6726:Welsh phonology
6660:
6655:
6647:
6645:
6638:
6626:
6618:
6608:
6604:
6597:
6585:
6584:of English) as
6570:
6542:
6534:
6502:
6498:
6493:
6483:
6463:
6459:
6427:
6423:
6418:
6403:
6394:
6387:
6383:
6364:
6347:
6328:
6292:
6275:
6256:
6239:
6220:
6203:
6184:
6167:
6148:
6131:
6127:
6108:
6091:
6072:
6055:
6036:
6019:
6015:
5996:
5979:
5960:
5943:
5924:
5920:
5903:
5884:
5867:
5848:
5817:
5747:
5743:
5735:
5731:
5723:
5719:
5711:
5707:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5668:
5667:in the digraph
5658:
5654:
5646:
5636:
5632:
5624:
5614:
5610:
5602:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5551:
5517:
5489:
5461:
5457:
5443:
5429:
5415:
5411:
5397:
5383:
5369:
5365:
5351:
5347:
5333:
5319:
5282:
5271:Angerthas Moria
5160:long consonants
5158:used to denote
5107:
4865:
4790:
4607:
4178:Angerthas Moria
4167:Angerthas Moria
4137:
4021:Angerthas Moria
4015:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4001:Angerthas Moria
3978:
3877:
3873:
3862:
3748:
3529:
3454:
3305:
3248:
3176:
2758:Angerthas Moria
2734:
2731:Angerthas Moria
2727:
2711:
2707:
2678:
2674:
2661:
2632:
2628:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2570:
2552:
2544:
2543:denotes Quenya
2516:
2496:
2472:
2426:
2407:
2380:
2370:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2318:
2277:Transliteration
2262:
2243:
2227:
2179:Transliteration
2164:
2127:
2077:Transliteration
1980:Transliteration
1918:
1890:
1870:Transliteration
1843:
1790:
1735:Transliteration
1681:
1631:Transliteration
1577:
1541:
1496:Transliteration
1449:
1399:Transliteration
1386:
1337:
1306:
1256:Transliteration
1202:
1182:transliteration
1112:
1103:
1092:
1082:
1076:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1039:
1031:
1017:
1011:
1006:
995:
979:
975:
967:
801:[ɑn(d)]
798:
795:
787:
750:
703:
699:
329:
322:
303:runic alphabets
287:
282:
262:Angerthas Moria
217:, the original
184:runic alphabets
175:[ˈkɛrθ]
162:[ˈkirθ]
157:
117:
109:
106:
47:
35:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13364:
13354:
13353:
13348:
13343:
13338:
13333:
13316:
13315:
13313:
13312:
13307:
13302:
13296:
13293:
13292:
13290:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13253:
13251:
13247:
13246:
13244:
13243:
13236:
13229:
13222:
13215:
13208:
13202:
13200:
13196:
13195:
13193:
13192:
13191:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13154:
13152:
13148:
13147:
13144:
13143:
13141:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13094:
13092:
13088:
13087:
13085:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13054:
13049:
13044:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13016:
13011:
13010:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12903:
12901:
12889:
12888:
12886:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12873:Real Character
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12849:
12848:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12812:
12810:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12784:
12783:
12778:
12768:
12767:
12766:
12761:
12751:
12750:
12749:
12739:
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12713:
12711:
12705:
12704:
12702:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12656:
12651:
12646:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12590:
12589:
12579:
12578:
12577:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12505:
12503:
12492:
12484:
12483:
12481:
12480:
12479:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12458:
12457:
12456:
12446:
12445:
12444:
12439:
12428:
12426:
12425:Classification
12422:
12421:
12414:
12413:
12406:
12399:
12391:
12382:
12381:
12379:
12378:
12371:
12364:
12357:
12350:
12343:
12336:
12329:
12322:
12315:
12308:
12301:
12294:
12287:
12280:
12273:
12266:
12259:
12252:
12245:
12238:
12231:
12224:
12216:
12214:
12206:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12198:
12193:
12192:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12166:
12161:
12155:
12153:
12149:
12148:
12146:
12145:
12144:
12143:
12136:
12129:
12122:
12110:
12109:
12108:
12101:
12088:
12086:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12078:
12077:
12076:
12067:Blind Guardian
12064:
12063:
12062:
12053:
12044:
12030:
12029:
12028:
12015:
12009:
12007:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11999:
11994:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11932:Pauline Baynes
11928:
11926:
11917:
11911:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11903:
11898:
11891:
11883:
11881:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11873:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11856:
11855:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11802:
11796:
11794:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11719:Mental illness
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11640:
11639:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11608:
11606:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11596:
11595:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11563:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11540:
11530:
11525:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11499:
11497:
11488:
11484:
11483:
11480:
11479:
11477:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11460:
11459:
11452:Rings of Power
11449:
11444:
11439:
11433:
11431:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11423:
11422:
11421:
11420:
11419:
11409:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11346:
11345:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11325:
11323:
11317:
11316:
11314:
11313:
11312:
11311:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11256:
11254:Túrin Turambar
11251:
11249:Tuor and Idril
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11177:
11175:
11169:
11168:
11166:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11154:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11122:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11090:
11089:
11084:
11074:
11073:
11072:
11067:
11066:
11065:
11060:
11044:
11042:
11028:
11020:
11019:
11016:
11015:
11013:
11012:
11011:
11010:
10997:
10996:
10995:
10981:
10979:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10971:
10963:
10955:
10952:Morgoth's Ring
10947:
10946:
10945:
10930:
10929:
10928:
10921:
10906:
10898:
10890:
10889:
10888:
10874:
10872:
10859:
10853:
10852:
10849:
10848:
10846:
10845:
10837:
10836:
10835:
10827:
10819:
10808:
10800:
10792:
10784:
10783:
10782:
10766:
10764:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10756:
10748:
10747:
10746:
10745:
10744:
10737:
10723:
10720:The Two Towers
10716:
10715:
10714:
10707:
10685:
10676:
10674:
10665:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10641:
10640:
10629:
10626:
10625:
10618:
10617:
10610:
10603:
10595:
10586:
10585:
10583:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10564:
10559:
10552:
10545:
10537:
10535:
10531:
10530:
10528:
10527:
10522:
10520:Arden R. Smith
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10485:Vinyar Tengwar
10477:
10475:
10471:
10470:
10468:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10451:
10449:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10413:
10411:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10401:
10389:
10388:
10387:
10382:
10380:Quenya grammar
10377:
10364:
10362:
10356:
10355:
10348:
10347:
10340:
10333:
10325:
10317:
10316:
10285:
10253:
10232:
10211:
10191:
10181:. Evertype.com
10170:
10149:
10127:
10102:
10077:
10051:
10006:
9974:
9947:
9922:
9898:
9886:) are written
9849:Amanye Tenceli
9836:
9801:(2015-06-12).
9790:
9763:(2015-06-12).
9752:
9721:(2015-06-12).
9710:
9687:(2015-06-12).
9676:
9665:RealElvish.net
9647:
9620:(2015-06-12).
9609:
9585:(2015-06-12).
9574:
9566:followed by a
9543:(2015-06-12).
9529:
9498:(2015-06-12).
9487:
9459:
9431:
9403:
9342:
9335:
9306:
9299:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9265:
9258:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9249:
9241:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9212:
9210:
9208:
9206:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9186:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9171:
9168:
9165:
9162:
9159:
9156:
9153:
9150:
9147:
9144:
9141:
9137:
9136:
9133:
9130:
9127:
9124:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9109:
9106:
9103:
9100:
9097:
9094:
9091:
9088:
9084:
9083:
9080:
9077:
9074:
9071:
9068:
9065:
9062:
9059:
9056:
9053:
9050:
9047:
9044:
9041:
9038:
9035:
9031:
9030:
9027:
9024:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9012:
9009:
9006:
9003:
9000:
8997:
8994:
8991:
8988:
8985:
8982:
8978:
8977:
8974:
8971:
8968:
8965:
8962:
8959:
8956:
8953:
8950:
8947:
8944:
8941:
8938:
8935:
8932:
8929:
8925:
8924:
8921:
8918:
8915:
8912:
8909:
8906:
8903:
8900:
8897:
8894:
8891:
8888:
8885:
8882:
8879:
8876:
8872:
8871:
8868:
8865:
8862:
8859:
8856:
8853:
8850:
8847:
8844:
8841:
8838:
8835:
8832:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8819:
8818:
8815:
8812:
8809:
8806:
8803:
8800:
8797:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8782:
8779:
8776:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8765:
8748:
8747:
8746:
8745:
8737:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8690:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8669:
8666:
8663:
8660:
8657:
8654:
8649:
8646:
8643:
8640:
8637:
8634:
8630:
8629:
8626:
8623:
8620:
8617:
8614:
8611:
8608:
8605:
8602:
8599:
8596:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8584:
8581:
8577:
8576:
8573:
8570:
8567:
8564:
8561:
8558:
8555:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8534:
8529:
8526:
8522:
8521:
8518:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8487:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8472:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8458:
8455:
8452:
8449:
8446:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8396:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8386:
8383:
8380:
8377:
8374:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8325:
8322:
8319:
8316:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8270:
8269:
8266:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8236:
8233:
8230:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8217:
8216:
8194:
8193:
8190:
8160:
8159:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8138:
8137:
8134:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8092:U+E080..U+E0FF
8090:
8086:
8085:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8056:
8055:
8041:
8027:
8025:RUNIC LETTER K
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7964:
7937:
7932:
7929:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7913:
7910:
7895:
7894:
7889:
7886:
7872:
7867:
7864:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7848:
7845:
7830:
7829:
7824:
7821:
7807:
7802:
7799:
7785:
7780:
7777:
7770:
7765:
7762:
7748:
7743:
7740:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7723:
7716:
7711:
7708:
7701:
7696:
7693:
7686:
7681:
7678:
7671:
7666:
7663:
7655:
7654:
7647:
7642:
7635:
7630:
7623:
7618:
7611:
7606:
7599:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7578:
7575:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7549:
7546:
7539:
7534:
7531:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7503:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7481:
7478:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7439:
7436:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7403:
7400:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7374:
7371:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7344:
7341:
7327:
7325:
7323:
7318:
7315:
7308:
7306:
7301:
7298:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7282:
7279:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7263:
7260:
7253:
7251:
7246:
7243:
7236:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7216:
7213:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7187:
7184:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7151:
7148:
7141:
7136:
7133:
7126:
7121:
7118:
7111:
7106:
7103:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7064:
7057:
7055:
7050:
7047:
7040:
7035:
7032:
7025:
7020:
7017:
7010:
7005:
7002:
6995:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6979:
6976:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6960:
6957:
6950:
6948:
6943:
6940:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6917:
6914:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6898:
6895:
6888:
6886:
6881:
6878:
6871:
6863:
6862:
6855:
6850:
6843:
6838:
6831:
6826:
6819:
6814:
6807:
6802:
6795:
6790:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6607:: the digraph
6601:
6565:
6558:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6444:
6443:
6436:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6400:
6393:
6392:
6376:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6134:
6125:
6120:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6022:
6013:
6008:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5928:
5927:
5918:
5913:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5834:
5829:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5569:Modern English
5550:
5544:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5478:
5465:
5464:
5455:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5433:
5432:
5427:
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5418:
5409:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5373:
5372:
5363:
5355:
5354:
5345:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5288:, one for the
5275:
5274:
5263:
5226:
5225:
5179:
5174:to indicate a
5163:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5124:
5119:
5116:
5099:
5094:
5091:
5084:
5079:
5076:
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5044:
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5017:
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4990:
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4928:
4923:
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4913:
4908:
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4876:
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4136:
4131:
4005:
3987:
3986:
3960:
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3932:
3931:
3904:represented a
3849:
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3791:
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3693:
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3678:
3669:
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3659:
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3411:
3408:
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3322:
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3297:
3292:
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3266:
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3260:
3257:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3225:
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3217:
3210:
3205:
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3194:
3193:
3188:
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3168:
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3148:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3122:
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3116:
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3106:
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2987:
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2898:
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2823:
2822:
2817:
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2809:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2692:
2646:
2644:"esse"/"áze").
2613:
2578:much like the
2561:
2529:
2501:
2481:
2457:
2401:
2385:
2361:spirantization
2324:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2294:
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2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1190:
958:
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
885:
884:
865:
846:
749:
744:
698:were used for
675:
674:
672:
662:
652:
642:
632:
628:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
614:
613:
603:
589:
569:
559:
548:
547:
545:
543:
533:
523:
512:
511:
509:
507:
497:
487:
476:
475:
473:
463:
453:
443:
433:
365:by the Exiled
328:
323:
321:
318:
310:Younger Fuþark
286:
283:
281:
278:
204:writing system
148:
147:
141:⟩, see
114:
113:
104:
98:
97:
93:
92:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
41:
37:
36:
33:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13363:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13328:
13326:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13297:
13294:
13288:
13287:Lojban/Loglan
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13257:Esperanto/Ido
13255:
13254:
13252:
13248:
13242:
13241:
13237:
13235:
13234:
13230:
13228:
13227:
13223:
13221:
13220:
13216:
13214:
13213:
13212:A Secret Vice
13209:
13207:
13206:Esperantology
13204:
13203:
13201:
13197:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13175:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13155:
13153:
13149:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13118:Lingua ignota
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13095:
13093:
13089:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13058:
13055:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13041:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12989:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12912:Belter Creole
12910:
12908:
12905:
12904:
12902:
12900:
12894:
12890:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12847:
12844:
12843:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12821:Basic English
12819:
12817:
12814:
12813:
12811:
12809:
12805:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12773:
12772:
12769:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12756:
12755:
12752:
12748:
12745:
12744:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12714:
12712:
12710:
12706:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12689:Universalglot
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12657:
12655:
12652:
12650:
12647:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12594:Idiom Neutral
12592:
12588:
12585:
12584:
12583:
12580:
12576:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12531:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12506:
12504:
12502:
12499:International
12496:
12493:
12485:
12477:
12476:Philosophical
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12463:
12462:
12459:
12455:
12452:
12451:
12450:
12447:
12443:
12442:Language game
12440:
12438:
12435:
12434:
12433:
12430:
12429:
12427:
12423:
12419:
12412:
12407:
12405:
12400:
12398:
12393:
12392:
12389:
12377:
12376:
12372:
12370:
12369:
12365:
12363:
12362:
12358:
12356:
12355:
12351:
12349:
12348:
12344:
12342:
12341:
12337:
12335:
12334:
12330:
12328:
12327:
12323:
12321:
12320:
12316:
12314:
12313:
12309:
12307:
12306:
12302:
12300:
12299:
12295:
12293:
12292:
12288:
12286:
12285:
12281:
12279:
12278:
12274:
12272:
12271:
12267:
12265:
12264:
12260:
12258:
12257:
12253:
12251:
12250:
12246:
12244:
12243:
12239:
12237:
12236:
12232:
12230:
12229:
12225:
12223:
12222:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12213:
12207:
12197:
12194:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12171:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12156:
12154:
12150:
12142:
12141:
12137:
12135:
12134:
12130:
12128:
12127:
12123:
12121:
12120:
12116:
12115:
12114:
12111:
12107:
12106:
12102:
12100:
12099:
12095:
12094:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12083:
12075:
12074:
12070:
12069:
12068:
12065:
12061:
12059:
12054:
12052:
12050:
12045:
12043:
12041:
12036:
12035:
12034:
12031:
12027:
12026:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12018:Johan de Meij
12016:
12014:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12004:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11957:Mary Fairburn
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11929:
11927:
11925:
11921:
11918:
11912:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11896:
11892:
11890:
11889:
11885:
11884:
11882:
11878:
11872:
11869:
11865:
11862:
11861:
11860:
11857:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11812:
11808:
11807:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11797:
11795:
11791:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11729:Moral dilemma
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11709:Luck and fate
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11689:Frame stories
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11638:
11635:
11634:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11593:
11590:
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4162:lingua franca
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4051:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4022:
4013:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3912:
3902:
3895:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3837:
3823:
3817:
3812:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3526:
3522:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:According to
2732:
2721:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2681:) and to the
2671:
2667:
2658:
2654:
2651: The new
2650:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2519:, which is a
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2441:postalveolars
2438:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2351:). Since the
2346:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1520:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1315:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1004:
999:
993:
989:
985:
971:
964:
954:
949:
946:
942:
937:
934:
930:
925:
922:
918:
913:
910:
906:
901:
898:
897:
896:
894:
890:
881:
875:
870:
866:
862:
856:
851:
847:
843:
837:
832:
828:
827:
826:
824:
821:
817:
812:
809:
802:
791:
785:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
743:
741:
736:
730:
725:
721:
716:
710:
696:
690:
686:
682:
673:
671:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
651:
647:
643:
641:
637:
633:
630:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
496:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
462:
458:
454:
452:
448:
444:
442:
438:
434:
427:
425:
420:
417:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:
327:
317:
315:
311:
306:
304:
296:
291:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
172:
168:
163:
155:
144:
132:
128:
126:
122:
115:
105:
103:
99:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
31:
26:
20:
13238:
13231:
13224:
13217:
13210:
13177:
13168:Sitelen Pona
13039:
12575:esperantidos
12544:Esperanto II
12466:Experimental
12373:
12366:
12359:
12352:
12345:
12338:
12331:
12324:
12317:
12310:
12303:
12296:
12289:
12282:
12275:
12268:
12261:
12254:
12247:
12240:
12233:
12226:
12219:
12138:
12131:
12124:
12117:
12103:
12096:
12092:Donald Swann
12071:
12057:
12048:
12039:
12033:Howard Shore
12024:
11972:Tove Jansson
11952:Jenny Dolfen
11942:Anke Eißmann
11914:Adaptations,
11893:
11886:
11810:
11627:Christianity
11622:Architecture
11581:
11528:Black Speech
11508:Family trees
11309:Tom Bombadil
11005:
10990:
10966:
10958:
10950:
10940:
10933:
10923:
10916:
10909:
10901:
10893:
10878:
10869:Middle-earth
10865:
10840:
10830:
10822:
10814:
10803:
10795:
10787:
10770:
10751:
10725:
10718:
10695:
10688:
10680:
10671:In Tolkien's
10638:Bibliography
10622:Middle-earth
10568:
10562:Middle-earth
10554:
10547:
10525:Allan Turner
10488:
10484:
10454:
10422:Black Speech
10396:
10372:
10308:. Retrieved
10288:
10277:. Retrieved
10256:
10245:. Retrieved
10235:
10224:. Retrieved
10214:
10203:. Retrieved
10194:
10183:. Retrieved
10173:
10162:. Retrieved
10152:
10141:. Retrieved
10130:
10119:. Retrieved
10117:. 2011-05-21
10114:
10105:
10099:(3, no. 69).
10096:
10090:
10080:
10070:December 31,
10068:. Retrieved
10064:"Letter 112"
10054:
10043:. Retrieved
10032:forodrim.org
10031:
10000:
9995:December 30,
9993:. Retrieved
9989:
9977:
9966:
9944:(4, no. 62).
9941:
9935:
9925:
9908:
9901:
9891:
9887:
9863:
9859:
9858:
9852:. Retrieved
9848:
9839:
9825:
9813:
9812:
9806:
9793:
9774:
9768:
9755:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9732:
9726:
9713:
9703:
9698:
9692:
9679:
9668:. Retrieved
9664:
9640:
9636:
9631:
9625:
9612:
9598:
9596:
9590:
9577:
9567:
9563:
9554:
9548:
9522:
9518:
9509:
9503:
9490:
9479:. Retrieved
9475:
9469:
9462:
9451:. Retrieved
9447:
9441:
9434:
9423:. Retrieved
9419:
9413:
9406:
9395:
9322:
9309:
9290:
9286:
9277:
9245:
9233:
9226:
8756:
8755:
8741:
8729:
8722:
8207:
8206:
8195:
8180:
8175:
8169:
8163:
8155:
8057:
7997:
7986:
6715:
6708:
6702:
6688:
6687:
6663:
6661:
6620:
6574:(pronounced
6561:
6531:
6488:every sound
6380:
6372:
6371:
6311:
5800:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5737:
5725:
5713:
5685:
5648:
5626:
5607:over⟩
5604:
5576:Latin script
5573:
5554:
5552:
5547:
5533:
5527:
5522:
5518:
5505:
5501:
5481:
5469:
5468:
5302:
5278:
5276:
5270:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5237:
5167:macron below
5140:
4229:
4216:
4203:
4190:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4138:
4133:
4020:
4018:
4000:
3999:'s tomb use
3983:Latin script
3963:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3914:represented
3868:
3864:
3852:
3794:
3782:
3781:
3098:
2811:
2797:
2784:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2735:
2730:
2715:
2698:
2695:
2682:
2665:
2652:
2649:
2636:
2619:
2616:
2608:
2592:
2579:
2567:
2564:
2557:assibilation
2535:
2532:
2527:in Vanyarin.
2507:
2504:
2487:
2484:
2479:in Vanyarin.
2463:
2460:
2444:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2404:
2391:
2388:
2331:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2231:
2131:
2032:
1948:
1945:Approximants
1805:
1795:
1685:
1581:
1453:
1341:
1307:
1297:
1206:
1194:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1101:
1035:
1024:front vowels
991:
959:
888:
886:
815:
813:
805:+ "certhas"
782:
781:
757:
751:
746:
739:
723:
719:
684:
678:
669:
659:
649:
639:
610:
600:
596:
586:
582:
566:
556:
540:
530:
520:
504:
494:
484:
470:
460:
450:
440:
423:
421:
409:
408:
404:
396:
389:
385:
375:
363:Middle-earth
332:
330:
325:
307:
300:
269:
261:
247:
230:
218:
215:Middle-earth
212:
207:
199:
170:
153:
151:
137:and ⟨
119:
13250:Comparisons
13128:Palawa kani
13123:Medefaidrin
12798:Weltdeutsch
12788:Runyakitara
12776:Interslavic
12609:Interlingue
12604:Interlingua
12587:Interglossa
12514:Blissymbols
12189:Video games
12174:Fan fiction
12152:Other media
12051:film series
12042:film series
11997:Ted Nasmith
11859:Prose style
11852:Shakespeare
11612:Anachronism
11184:Celebrimbor
10858:composition
10779:Ainulindalë
10650:Legendarium
8187:GNU Unifont
7989:Runic block
7500:Approximant
6736:Consonants
6705:Christopher
6623:een⟩
6577:[ʍ]
6402:Sound value
5716:rth⟩
5653:, and even
5651:ial⟩
5647:⟨spe
5629:ere⟩
5625:⟨sin
5565:Old English
5563:(i.e., the
5546:Runes from
5523:legendarium
3972:conjunction
2422:General Use
1794:Additional
1144:was called
984:long vowels
950:, based on
938:, based on
926:, based on
914:, based on
902:, based on
432:Consonants
422:The oldest
401:abecedarium
165:, meaning "
40:Script type
13325:Categories
13277:Ido/Novial
13098:Balaibalan
12808:Engineered
12664:Pasilingua
12554:Mundolinco
12461:Engineered
12049:The Hobbit
12013:Bo Hansson
11987:Tom Loback
11880:Geographic
11805:Influences
11382:Lothlórien
11348:Third Age
11284:Glorfindel
11265:Third Age
11173:Characters
11109:Half-elven
10867:History of
10856:History of
10763:Posthumous
10682:The Hobbit
10515:David Salo
10510:Tom Loback
10310:2015-08-08
10279:2015-08-08
10247:2015-07-24
10226:2015-08-08
10205:2015-08-08
10185:2015-08-08
10164:2015-08-08
10143:2015-08-08
10121:2019-03-27
10045:2019-03-27
9968:The Hobbit
9854:2021-01-02
9811:(22): 66.
9773:(22): 66.
9744:in German
9731:(22): 65.
9706:-offglide.
9697:(22): 66.
9670:2019-05-07
9643:-offglide.
9630:(22): 66.
9595:(22): 67.
9570:-offglide.
9553:(22): 66.
9508:(22): 66.
9481:2019-05-11
9476:eldamo.org
9453:2019-03-31
9448:eldamo.org
9425:2019-03-31
9420:eldamo.org
9269:References
8080:Cirth (in
6713:, no. 69.
6664:The Hobbit
6617:, like in
5758:The Hobbit
5728:ll⟩
5587:can sound
5571:language.
5556:The Hobbit
5548:The Hobbit
5294:diphthongs
5176:long vowel
5151:circumflex
4176:While the
4077:/ʀ/(or/ʁ/)
4023:the cirth
3944:aspiration
2746:Second Age
2690:"hyarmen".
2417:tyelpetéma
2343:, and the
1802:Consonants
1682:consonants
1680:Labiovelar
1578:consonants
1450:consonants
1338:consonants
1203:consonants
1028:back vowel
260:language (
13336:Alphabets
13151:Neography
13077:Verdurian
13047:Syldavian
13042:languages
13040:Star Wars
13034:Spocanian
12917:Brithenig
12907:Atlantean
12893:Fictional
12883:Toki Pona
12732:Eurolengo
12569:Universal
12529:Esperanto
12501:auxiliary
12489:languages
12487:Specific
12437:Fictional
12212:criticism
12184:Calendars
12060:TV series
12056:Music of
12047:Music of
12038:Music of
12006:Composers
11967:John Howe
11864:Ambiguity
11847:Philology
11724:Modernism
11632:Cosmology
11518:Languages
11464:Silmarils
11412:The Shire
11402:Rivendell
11332:Beleriand
11289:Goldberry
11274:Galadriel
11259:Ungoliant
11214:Gil-galad
11204:Fingolfin
11141:Beornings
11119:Sundering
11082:Ancalagon
11024:Fictional
10474:Linguists
9470:angerthas
9176:
9173:
9170:
9167:
9164:
9161:
9158:
9155:
9152:
9149:
9146:
9143:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9114:
9111:
9108:
9105:
9102:
9099:
9096:
9093:
9090:
9082:
9079:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9067:
9064:
9061:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9046:
9043:
9040:
9037:
9029:
9026:
9023:
9020:
9017:
9014:
9011:
9008:
9005:
9002:
8999:
8996:
8993:
8990:
8987:
8984:
8976:
8973:
8970:
8967:
8964:
8961:
8958:
8955:
8952:
8949:
8946:
8943:
8940:
8937:
8934:
8931:
8923:
8920:
8917:
8914:
8911:
8908:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8896:
8893:
8890:
8887:
8884:
8881:
8878:
8870:
8867:
8864:
8861:
8858:
8855:
8852:
8849:
8846:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8834:
8831:
8828:
8825:
8665:
8662:
8659:
8656:
8648:
8645:
8642:
8639:
8636:
8628:
8625:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8601:
8598:
8595:
8592:
8589:
8586:
8583:
8575:
8572:
8569:
8566:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8548:
8545:
8542:
8539:
8536:
8528:
8520:
8517:
8489:
8486:
8483:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8465:
8457:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8433:
8430:
8427:
8394:
8391:
8388:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8358:
8345:
8327:
8324:
8321:
8318:
8315:
8302:
8299:
8296:
8178:(UCSUR).
8058:A formal
7168:Affricate
6992:Fricative
6722:First Age
6694:Third Age
6676:Glamdring
6582:varieties
6390:in runes:
5740:r⟩
5736:⟨d
5724:⟨f
5712:⟨n
4234:Translit.
4221:Translit.
4208:Translit.
4195:Translit.
4153:Lake-town
4141:Third Age
4012:Kʰazaddûm
3976:ampersand
3871:r⟩
3863:⟨b
2816:Translit.
2802:Translit.
2789:Translit.
2775:Translit.
2697: The
2618: The
2566: The
2534: The
2506: The
2486: The
2462: The
2453:phonology
2406: The
2390: The
2341:occlusive
1178:Angerthas
1030:with the
820:voiceless
754:First Age
742:, etc.).
371:First Age
343:Beleriand
186:, one of
102:ISO 15924
96:ISO 15924
70:Languages
62:Direction
13341:Runology
13108:Enochian
13067:Valyrian
13057:Tsolyáni
13024:Newspeak
13002:Sindarin
12937:Enchanta
12927:Dothraki
12899:artistic
12836:Kalaba-X
12781:Iazychie
12747:Tutonish
12717:Afrihili
12674:Solresol
12669:Sambahsa
12654:Nal Bino
12564:Romániço
12559:Reformed
12539:Arcaicam
12534:Adjuvilo
12491:by group
12432:Artistic
12210:Literary
12085:Settings
11982:Alan Lee
11937:Cor Blok
11832:Medieval
11793:Literary
11754:Paganism
11543:Sindarin
11513:Heraldry
11495:Elements
11487:Analysis
11457:One Ring
11442:Palantír
11387:Mirkwood
11372:Isengard
11357:Esgaroth
11151:Dúnedain
11146:Drúedain
11040:monsters
11026:universe
10932:1988–92
10877:1983–84
10687:1954-55
10673:lifetime
10392:Sindarin
10301:Archived
10270:Archived
10092:Mythlore
10036:Archived
10002:English.
9965:(1937).
9937:Mythlore
9394:(1955).
9285:(2005).
9257:See also
8652:
8532:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8354:
8349:
8336:
8331:
8311:
8306:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8164:Unicode
8125:Assigned
8050:ᛳ
8036:ᛲ
8022:ᛱ
6710:Mythlore
6684:Gondolin
6650:⟩
6646:⟨
6619:⟨
6580:in some
6312:phonemic
5801:phonemic
5603:⟨
5286:ligature
5192:numerals
5183:underdot
3981:used in
3898:. Thus,
2437:palatals
2413:-series,
770:minstrel
768:Daeron,
681:featural
382:Sindarin
378:Sindarin
347:alphabet
227:Sindarin
194:for the
135:/ /
131:Help:IPA
78:Sindarin
45:Alphabet
13188:Tengwar
13133:Yerkish
13113:Eskayan
13072:Venedic
13062:Utopian
13052:Teonaht
13029:Simlish
13007:more...
12992:Adûnaic
12977:Lydnevi
12957:Kobaïan
12952:Klingon
12831:Ithkuil
12764:Romanid
12727:Efatese
12722:Budinos
12699:Volapük
12644:Mondial
12471:Musical
11924:Artists
11811:Beowulf
11699:Heroism
11684:Forests
11664:England
11659:Economy
11592:Tengwar
11577:Scripts
11560:Westron
11555:Valarin
11550:Khuzdul
11523:Adûnaic
11503:Artwork
11437:Mithril
11430:Objects
11417:Bag End
11342:Valinor
11337:Númenor
11299:Saruman
11279:Gandalf
11244:Thingol
11239:Morgoth
11224:Isildur
11194:Elendil
11131:Hobbits
11094:Dwarves
11077:Dragons
11063:Wizards
11058:Balrogs
11035:Peoples
10925:Lhammas
10886:Ælfwine
10655:Outline
10556:Lhammas
10534:Related
10465:Tengwar
10447:Scripts
10437:Westron
10432:Valarin
10427:Khuzdul
10417:Adûnaic
10374:Namárië
9442:certhas
9189:U+E0Fx
9140:U+E0Ex
9087:U+E0Dx
9034:U+E0Cx
8981:U+E0Bx
8928:U+E0Ax
8875:U+E09x
8822:U+E08x
8685:U+E0Fx
8633:U+E0Ex
8580:U+E0Dx
8525:U+E0Cx
8462:U+E0Bx
8399:U+E0Ax
8342:U+E09x
8273:U+E08x
8109:Scripts
8060:Unicode
7993:Unicode
7983:Unicode
7591:Vowels
7422:Lateral
7186:tš (ch)
6868:Plosive
6773:Glottal
6759:Palatal
6752:Dentals
6720:of the
6680:Orcrist
6672:Gandalf
5218:for 4,
5212:for 3,
5206:for 2,
5200:for 1,
4157:Westron
3811:glottal
2750:Khuzdul
2742:Dwarves
2549:reduced
2449:variety
2347:(spelt
2345:spirant
2226:Fronted
1275:mh, mb
1162:Eregion
1118:-series
1109:-series
1091:(e.g.,
1038:(i.e.,
988:binding
871:(e.g.,
852:(e.g.,
850:spirant
833:(e.g.,
796:"an(d)"
778:Doriath
774:Thingol
762:Tengwar
758:Certhas
726:, also
631:Vowels
410:Certhas
388:(sing.
351:Tengwar
326:Certhas
258:Khuzdul
254:Dwarves
250:Tengwar
243:Telerin
219:Certhas
169:"; sg.
123:in the
90:English
86:Westron
74:Khuzdul
52:Creator
13300:Portal
13183:Sarati
13019:Nadsat
12997:Quenya
12972:Loxian
12967:Lapine
12962:Láadan
12947:Kiliki
12922:Dritok
12897:other
12868:Lojban
12858:Loglan
12846:Lincos
12659:Novial
12619:Kotava
12573:other
12159:Impact
11916:legacy
11837:Modern
11817:Celtic
11769:Quests
11759:Plants
11604:Themes
11587:Sarati
11538:Quenya
11533:Elvish
11392:Mordor
11362:Gondor
11321:Places
11304:Sauron
11294:Gollum
11269:Elrond
11234:Melian
11199:Fëanor
11163:Trolls
11114:Noldor
11099:Eagles
10978:Others
10460:Sarati
10368:Quenya
9915:(BA).
9864:nwalme
9860:ñwalme
9333:
9297:
8769:
8760:(2000)
8220:
8211:(1997)
8133:Unused
8047:
8045:U+16F3
8033:
8031:U+16F2
8019:
8017:U+16F1
7548:w (u̯)
7533:j (i̯)
7215:dž (j)
6766:Dorsal
6745:Labial
6698:Elrond
6668:Trolls
6373:Notes:
5780:Fuþorc
5769:Fuþorc
5734:as in
5722:as in
5710:as in
5561:Fuþorc
5470:Notes:
5260:red·bk
5224:for 5.
5178:sound;
5110:
5106:
4868:
4864:
4793:
4789:
4610:
4606:
4145:Erebor
4008:Fuinul
3783:Notes:
3751:
3747:
3532:
3528:
3457:
3453:
3308:
3304:
3251:
3247:
3179:
3175:
2740:, the
2716:tengwa
2683:tengwa
2637:tengwa
2580:tengwa
2373:, and
2321:Notes:
2228:vowels
2128:vowels
2029:Vowels
1336:Dental
1201:Labial
1133:Certar
1126:Noldor
1122:Quenya
1062:, and
756:, the
683:. The
367:Noldor
355:Fëanor
339:Sindar
239:Quenya
235:Noldor
223:Sindar
139:
82:Quenya
65:Varies
13199:Study
13178:Cirth
13103:Damin
13082:Wenja
13014:Naʼvi
12982:Mänti
12942:Kēlen
12737:Guosa
12709:Zonal
12694:Uropi
12684:Unish
12599:Intal
12582:Glosa
12519:Bolak
12454:Zonal
11842:Norse
11784:Trees
11734:Music
11714:Magic
11704:Light
11582:Cirth
11407:Rohan
11397:Moria
11367:Harad
11219:Húrin
11104:Elves
11087:Smaug
11070:Valar
11053:Maiar
11048:Ainur
11004:2021
10989:2007
10965:1996
10957:1994
10949:1993
10908:1987
10900:1986
10892:1985
10839:2022
10829:2018
10821:2017
10813:2007
10802:1990
10794:1981
10786:1980
10769:1977
10750:1962
10679:1937
10664:Works
10645:Canon
10455:Cirth
10304:(PDF)
10297:(PDF)
10273:(PDF)
10266:(PDF)
10039:(PDF)
10028:(PDF)
9913:(PDF)
9892:vilya
9888:númen
9862:>
9601:) by
9414:certh
9289:[
9227:Notes
8757:Cirth
8723:Notes
8208:Cirth
8120:Cirth
8099:Plane
8089:Range
7357:Trill
7233:Nasal
7219:/d͡ʒ/
7190:/t͡ʃ/
6916:k (c)
6730:Welsh
6413:Rune
5730:, or
5303:Certh
5267:Balin
5234:Balin
5133:&
4911:/ŋɡʷ/
4230:Certh
4217:Certh
4204:Certh
4191:Certh
4159:(the
4010:Uzbad
4006:Balin
3997:Balin
3774:&
3583:/ŋɡʷ/
3320:/ndʒ/
2812:Certh
2798:Certh
2785:Certh
2771:Certh
2754:Moria
2699:certh
2666:certh
2653:certh
2620:certh
2609:cirth
2593:certh
2568:certh
2536:certh
2508:certh
2488:certh
2464:certh
2429:certh
2392:certh
2332:certh
2232:Certh
2132:Certh
2033:Certh
1949:Certh
1806:Certh
1796:cirth
1686:Certh
1582:Certh
1576:Velar
1454:Certh
1448:Front
1342:Certh
1207:Certh
1195:cirth
1146:certa
1142:certh
1087:some
1036:certh
992:certh
889:cirth
831:voice
823:stops
816:certh
685:cirth
424:cirth
405:cirth
397:*kir-
390:certh
386:cirth
314:Valar
208:cirth
200:Cirth
171:certh
167:runes
154:Cirth
127:(IPA)
110:(291)
22:Cirth
13138:Zaum
12793:Wede
12679:Sona
12509:Babm
12179:Film
11779:Time
11694:Hell
11674:Evil
11567:Maps
11352:Bree
11158:Orcs
11126:Ents
10072:2020
9997:2020
9824:) a
9331:ISBN
9295:ISBN
8156:Note
8145:CSUR
8007:and
7970:/yː/
7935:/œː/
7916:/æː/
7827:/uː/
7805:/oː/
7783:/iː/
7768:/eː/
7746:/aː/
7645:Rune
7633:Rune
7621:Rune
7609:Rune
7597:Rune
7406:/r̥/
7347:/ŋ̊/
7343:(ŋh)
7321:/n̥/
7304:/m̥/
7300:(mh)
6853:Rune
6841:Rune
6829:Rune
6817:Rune
6805:Rune
6793:Rune
6781:Rune
6678:and
6550:and
6386:and
5777:Rune
5766:Rune
5746:and
5521:his
5244:The
5065:/◌ʰ/
5020:/dʒ/
5003:/ts/
4973:/nʷ/
4958:/tʃ/
4941:/ps/
4851:/j̊/
4836:/ɣʷ/
4765:/xʷ/
4703:/ɡʷ/
4654:/kʷ/
4597:/ŋɡ/
4567:/mb/
4383:/nd/
4332:/ks/
4151:and
4149:Dale
4075:for
4067:/r̥/
4065:and
4057:and
4055:/dʒ/
4047:and
4032:and
4030:/dʒ/
3950:and
3839:for
3819:and
3805:and
3706:/◌ʰ/
3651:/uː/
3636:/nʷ/
3500:/ɣʷ/
3429:/xʷ/
3367:/ɡʷ/
3295:/kʷ/
3238:/ŋɡ/
3208:/mb/
3191:/oː/
3055:/aː/
2978:/nd/
2931:/eː/
2126:Long
2081:i, y
1754:ngw
1174:Note
1111:and
1022:two
990:the
978:and
974:for
966:and
887:The
738:for
702:and
692:and
394:root
274:Orcs
241:and
152:The
107:Cirt
12895:and
12816:aUI
12649:Neo
12549:Ido
11136:Men
10115:BBC
9816:in
9746:ich
8103:BMP
7991:of
7892:/y/
7870:/œ/
7851:/æ/
7729:/u/
7714:/ɔ/
7699:/i/
7684:/ɛ/
7669:/a/
7651:IPA
7639:IPA
7627:IPA
7615:IPA
7603:IPA
7581:/ʍ/
7552:/w/
7537:/j/
7484:/ɬ/
7442:/l/
7377:/r/
7285:/ŋ/
7266:/n/
7249:/m/
7154:/ʒ/
7139:/z/
7124:/ð/
7109:/v/
7085:/h/
7070:/x/
7053:/ʃ/
7038:/s/
7023:/θ/
7008:/f/
6982:/ɡ/
6963:/d/
6946:/b/
6920:/k/
6901:/t/
6884:/p/
6859:IPA
6847:IPA
6835:IPA
6823:IPA
6811:IPA
6799:IPA
6787:IPA
6407:IPA
5645:in
5623:in
5601:in
5181:an
5122:/y/
5097:/ɣ/
5082:/ʃ/
5050:/w/
5035:/ɡ/
4988:/z/
4926:/u/
4907:ngw
4896:/r/
4879:/ʌ/
4855:/ç/
4853:or
4832:ghw
4821:/ð/
4804:/ə/
4780:/j/
4761:khw
4750:/θ/
4733:/h/
4718:/i/
4688:/d/
4671:/n/
4639:/t/
4622:/œ/
4582:/n/
4548:/ŋ/
4533:/ɣ/
4518:/m/
4501:/o/
4479:/x/
4464:/ʍ/
4445:/s/
4430:/ɡ/
4415:/v/
4398:/a/
4368:/k/
4353:/f/
4317:/b/
4300:/e/
4285:/l/
4270:/ʒ/
4255:/p/
4238:IPA
4225:IPA
4212:IPA
4199:IPA
4127:/s/
4117:/z/
4095:/n/
4091:/ŋ/
4081:/n/
4063:/r/
4059:/ʒ/
4039:/ʒ/
4019:In
3930:).
3916:/ʌ/
3906:/ə/
3841:/ʔ/
3831:/h/
3827:/s/
3807:/ʔ/
3803:/h/
3763:/y/
3738:/ʒ/
3723:/ʃ/
3691:/w/
3672:/dʒ
3617:/tʃ
3598:/u/
3579:ngw
3543:/ʌ/
3515:/j̊
3496:ghw
3485:/ð/
3468:/ə/
3444:/j/
3425:khw
3414:/θ/
3397:/s/
3382:/i/
3352:/d/
3335:/n/
3280:/t/
3263:/œ/
3223:/n/
3166:/ŋ/
3151:/ɣ/
3136:/m/
3119:/o/
3104:/ʔ/
3087:/x/
3072:/ʍ/
3040:/h/
3025:/ɡ/
3010:/v/
2993:/a/
2963:/k/
2948:/f/
2916:/ɬ/
2901:/z/
2886:/b/
2869:/e/
2854:/l/
2837:/p/
2820:IPA
2806:IPA
2793:IPA
2779:IPA
2595:as
2551:to
2433:IPA
2299:IPA
2203:IPA
2102:IPA
2004:IPA
1903:IPA
1889:ss
1761:IPA
1748:ghw
1745:khw
1657:IPA
1650:ng
1544:←
1519:IPA
1512:nj
1425:IPA
1418:nd
1282:IPA
1186:IPA
776:of
766:Elf
732:or
722:or
712:or
599:or
585:or
403:of
353:by
341:of
266:Men
190:by
13327::
12878:Ro
10487:,
10268:.
10113:.
10097:18
10095:.
10089:.
10034:.
10030:.
10009:^
9999:.
9988:.
9950:^
9942:16
9940:.
9934:.
9890:+
9882:+
9857:.
9847:.
9805:.
9767:.
9742:ch
9725:.
9691:.
9663:.
9650:^
9637:ty
9624:.
9589:.
9564:ɡ̊
9547:.
9532:^
9519:k̊
9502:.
9474:.
9446:.
9418:.
9345:^
9243:2.
9231:1.
8817:F
8739:2.
8727:1.
8268:F
8003:,
7995:.
7931:œ̄
7480:lh
7402:rh
7317:χ̃
6648:cƿ
6621:qu
6504:ɔː
6465:ɔː
6130:,
6018:,
5923:,
5750:.
5738:oo
5718:,
5693:ɔː
5683:.
5660:tʃ
5631:,
5609:,
5542:.
5508:.
5497:∗.
5477:A.
5460:,
5414:,
5368:,
5350:,
5296::
5165:a
5149:a
5145::
5108:or
5093:gh
5078:sh
5061:+h
4999:ts
4969:nw
4954:ch
4937:ps
4866:or
4847:hy
4817:dh
4791:or
4746:th
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