506:
482:
881:
431:
565:
993:
232:. The Elven vocabulary was not subject to sudden or extreme change; except during the first conceptual stage c. 1910–c. 1920. Tolkien sometimes changed the "meaning" of an Elvish word, but he almost never disregarded it once invented, and he kept on refining its meaning, and countlessly forged new synonyms. Moreover, Elven etymology was in a constant flux. Tolkien delighted in inventing new
505:
475:
up his linguistically-developed material to be rebadged as
Sindarin, which would have had a long time to evolve in Middle-earth. This was to some extent an awkward solution, as Sindarin had quite different origins, and should have developed rather differently. Tolkien reshaped his "Tree of Tongues" accordingly.
474:
was published in 1937, the matter troubled him. He came up with a radical solution: the Noldor adopted the local language, Sindarin, as spoken by the Sindar or Green-Elves, when they settled in
Beleriand. That allowed Noldorin to be, more plausibly, a scarcely-altered dialect of Quenya; and it freed
81:
as they developed as a society throughout the Ages. In his pursuit for realism and in his love of language, Tolkien was especially fascinated with the development and evolution of language through time. Tolkien created two almost fully developed languages and a dozen more in various beginning stages
220:
Tolkien with his Quenya pursued a double aesthetic goal: "classical and inflected". This urge, in fact, was the motivation for his creation of a 'mythology'. While the language developed, he needed speakers, history for the speakers and all real dynamics, like war and migration: "It was primarily
94:, the realm of Middle-earth, not with the characters or narrative as one would assume, but with a created set of languages. The stories and characters serve as conduits to make those languages come to life. Inventing language was always a crucial piece to Tolkien's mythology and
937:
The older stages of Quenya were, and doubtless still are, known to the loremasters of the Eldar. It appears from these notices that besides certain ancient songs and compilations of lore that were orally preserved, there existed also some books and many ancient
177:, which he described many years later as "like discovering a complete wine-cellar filled with bottles of an amazing wine of a kind and flavour never tasted before. It quite intoxicated me." He had started his study of the Finnish language to be able to read the
314:
In his lifetime J.R.R. Tolkien never ceased to experiment on his constructed languages, and they were subjected to many revisions. They had many grammars with substantial differences between different stages of development. After the publication of
271:, the tongue of the gods or Valar: "The language of the Elves derived in the beginning from the Valar, but they change it even in the learning, and moreover modified and enriched it constantly at all times by their own invention." In his
764:
In detail, Tolkien invented two subfamilies (subgroups) of the Elvish languages. "The language of the
Quendelie (Elves) was thus very early sundered into the branches Eldarin and Avarin". These further subdivided as follows:
442:, was intensely interested in the evolution of language families, and modelled his fictional languages and their evolution on real ones. The language names and evolution shown for Middle-earth are as used in the 1937
364:, from its issue 11 in 1995) are exclusively devoted to the editing and publishing of J.R.R. Tolkien's gigantic mass of previously unpublished linguistic papers, including those omitted by Christopher Tolkien from "
187:
The ingredients in Quenya are various, but worked out into a self-consistent character not precisely like any language that I know. Finnish, which I came across when I first begun to construct a 'mythology'
910:
on the right, the arrows and Green labels showing the migrations of the Elvish kindreds. The lowest Elves, the Avari, fragmented into many kindreds with different languages. Locations are diagrammatic.
616:, all the Elvish languages are presumed to be descendants of this common ancestor, including the two languages that Tolkien developed most fully, Quenya and Sindarin, as shown in the tree diagram.
1461:
Parma
Eldalamberon ... The Book of Elven Tongues ... is a journal of linguistic studies of fantasy literature, especially of the Elvish languages and nomenclature in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien.
38:
481:
1526:
102:
The invention of languages is the foundation. The 'stories' were made rather to provide a world for the languages than the reverse. To me a name comes first and the story follows.
5137:
4618:
561:, Christopher Tolkien wrote that his father was "more interested in the processes of change than he was in displaying the structure and use of the languages at any given time."
4639:
1003:
Tolkien wrote out most samples of Elvish languages with the Latin alphabet, but within the fiction he imagined many writing systems for his Elves. The best-known are the "
3881:
4460:
5504:
192:, but that has been much reduced . It survives in some features: such as the absence of any consonant combinations initially, the absence of the voiced stops
1334:
2607:
4320:
1575:
Arda
Philology 7: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on JRR Tolkien's Invented Languages, Omentielva Otsea, Hayward, 10-13 August 2017
4583:
4673:
17:
86:
by profession, he spent much time on his constructed languages. In the collection of letters he had written, posthumously published by his son,
5546:
4548:
5526:
4590:
4423:
950:
means "spoken language" or "verbal communication." Known members of the
Lambengolmor were Rúmil, who invented the first Elvish script (the
4474:
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4302:
3738:
2831:
5251:
3933:
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557:, never meant to be published, does not form a unified whole, but incorporates layer upon layer of changes. In his introduction to
5531:
5490:
4527:
2600:
321:(1954–1955), the grammar rules of his major Elvish languages Quenya, Telerin and Sindarin went through very few changes (this is
1813:
A small fraction of
Tolkien's accounts of Elvish languages was published in his novels and scholarly works during his lifetime.
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linguistic in inspiration and was begun in order to provide the necessary background of 'history' for Elvish tongues".
5595:
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4576:
4003:
2228:
1788:
1756:
1645:
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1441:
802:
Noldorin Quenya (and later Exilic Quenya, when the Noldor moved from
Valinor to Beleriand), colloquial speech of the
4763:
4713:
4008:
3963:
3913:
3901:
3782:
3175:
1906:
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419:
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4369:
4311:
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259:
I find the construction and the interrelation of the languages an aesthetic pleasure in itself, quite apart from
545:. It is a list of roots of the Proto-Elvish language, from which he built his many Elvish languages, especially
4659:
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4604:
4064:
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3943:
3017:
1840:
1329:
5569:
4541:
4091:
3973:
3005:
2902:
1607:
189:
1570:
5564:
4081:
4043:
3891:
3886:
2745:
1879:
5605:
4943:
4453:
4101:
3876:
3232:
3167:
3131:
2121:
1677:
365:
2559:. Succinct citations of Tolkien's own views of the purpose, completeness and usability of his languages.
247:
as his major tools in his constructed languages. He usually started with the phonological system of the
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3988:
3953:
3759:
3271:
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2624:
930:
926:
920:
464:, the language was evidently sharply distinct from Qenya, implying rapid change. As Tolkien worked on
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4337:
4188:
4152:
3585:
3256:
3182:
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2813:
1928:
1230:
1101:
880:
574:
531:
495:
413:
396:
4973:
4718:
4562:
4428:
4123:
4096:
4074:
4018:
3777:
2914:
3080:
2353:
2006 "Qenya
Declensions", "Qenya Conjugations", "Qenya Word-lists", ed. Gilson, Hostetter, Wynne,
4833:
4383:
4231:
4135:
3948:
3928:
3923:
3358:
3341:
3327:
2919:
1007:
of Fëanor", but the first system he created, c. 1919, is the "Tengwar of Rúmil", also called the
903:
536:
435:
424:
225:
604:
is that they all originated from
Primitive Quendian or Quenderin, the proto-language of all the
173:
such as Animalic, and two or three constructed languages including Naffarin. He then discovered
5303:
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4246:
4128:
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3206:
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This was internally consistent, but for one thing. Central to the story was the history of the
430:
300:
3453:
3106:
1897:
978:
or "The 'Account of Tongues' which Pengolodh of Gondolin wrote in later days in Tol-eressëa".
966:
and remained in use ever after, and Pengolodh, who is credited with many works, including the
769:
Avarin is the language of various Elves of the Second and Third Clans, who refused to come to
5427:
5006:
4788:
4730:
4362:
4165:
4106:
4069:
4048:
3998:
3978:
3958:
3711:
3498:
3473:
3368:
3312:
3304:
3224:
3159:
2975:
2954:
2863:
2662:
2390:
1856:
1848:
1743:
1156:
1073:
894:) are shown in Boldface Blue; examples are the words for "Elves" in those languages (such as
837:
513:
317:
240:
216:(movement from); the personal possessives are also expressed by suffixes; there is no gender.
62:
521:
has replaced Noldorin. The 'new' Noldorin is just the Noldor's not very distinct dialect of
5437:
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5018:
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4682:
4397:
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4377:
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1598:
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987:
777:
5321:
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1943:
Many of Tolkien's writings on his invented languages have been annotated and published by
8:
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1738:
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1602:
899:
87:
600:
The story of the Elvish languages as conceived by Tolkien from when he began working on
275:, Tolkien describes the mechanisms of sound change in the following daughter languages:
5422:
5341:
5331:
5171:
5157:
4898:
4878:
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4701:
4241:
2909:
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2521:
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2485:
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2422:
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2395:
2362:
2007 "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals (Part Three)." Edited by Patrick H. Wynne.
2355:
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1955:
1705:
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360:
154:
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4159:
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3216:
2769:
2759:
2556:
2318:
2005 "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals (Part Two)." Edited by Patrick H. Wynne.
2309:
2005 "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals (Part One)." Edited by Patrick H. Wynne.
1944:
1784:
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1720:
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402:
158:
91:
4206:
1184:
J.R.R. Tolkien, "Lambion Ontale: Descent of Tongues", "Tengwesta Qenderinwa" 1,
456:. Their language, Noldorin, evolved very slowly in the changeless atmosphere of
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2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1971:
1949:
1716:
1681:
1674:
1368:
1331:
The Lord of the Rings 1954–2004: Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder
1278:
1245:
354:
248:
150:
146:
95:
37:
3043:
1400:
1025:
822:
106:
Tolkien created scripts for his Elvish languages, of which the best known are
5589:
5476:
5470:
5382:
5176:
5085:
4953:
4858:
4828:
4706:
4282:
4221:
2806:
1884:
1552:
1372:
460:. Tolkien had developed its linguistics in some detail. With their return to
3646:
2585:
2573:
992:
826:
5432:
4913:
4808:
4356:
4297:
4256:
4236:
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3792:
3573:
2886:
2826:
2789:
2686:
2638:
2207:
2070:
1325:
968:
907:
841:
170:
78:
46:
1803:
This section lists the many sources by Tolkien documenting Elvish texts.
1544:
1449:
609:
267:
In the early 30s Tolkien decided that the proto-language of the Elves was
5392:
5387:
5142:
5062:
5040:
4873:
4868:
4851:
4839:
4778:
4261:
3448:
1527:"The Feanorian Alphabet, Part 1; Quenya Verb Structure by J.R.R. Tolkien"
439:
224:
The Elvish languages underwent countless revisions in grammar, mostly in
166:
4651:
3706:
3415:
3410:
564:
405:
of several related languages and dialects. In 1937, Tolkien drafted the
82:
as he studied and reproduced the way that language adapts and morphs. A
5362:
4928:
4818:
4277:
4251:
3548:
2946:
2779:
2774:
1819:
470:
378:
244:
5256:
5221:
4963:
3787:
3601:
2681:
5311:
5298:
5181:
5147:
4996:
4793:
3728:
3676:
3666:
3596:
3553:
3538:
3523:
3478:
3468:
2198:
1932:, adding some 600 words and many links between languages, pp. 377–448
1828:
1650:
1612:
1125:
From a letter to W. R. Matthews, dated 13–15 June 1964, published in
857:
840:, a branch of the Third Clan. It developed into various Nandorin and
569:
461:
233:
162:
83:
27:
Group of fictional languages in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien
5226:
3463:
1963:
1989 "The Plotz Quenya Declensions", first published in part in the
1048:
955:
5372:
5288:
5266:
5201:
5100:
5045:
5011:
4981:
4938:
4933:
4918:
4798:
4201:
3807:
3721:
3651:
3636:
3621:
3373:
2656:
1029:
848:
681:
579:
550:
518:
179:
74:
5246:
5206:
3483:
2300:
and Other Elvish Writings", ed. Smith, Gilson, Wynne, and Welden,
204:, also in some points of grammar, such as the inflexional endings
5452:
5397:
5316:
5293:
5241:
5095:
5028:
4986:
3856:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3701:
3681:
3606:
3563:
3543:
3508:
3503:
3488:
3458:
3189:
2820:
2729:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2552:
2140:
2001 "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" (written 1967–1969)
1964:
1924:, explaining the relationships between the languages, pp. 182–217
1920:
1832:
1300:
1044:
1004:
974:
959:
869:
830:
789:
770:
457:
407:
392:
306:
268:
229:
111:
50:
2216:
2002 "Words of Joy: Five Catholic Prayers in Quenya (Part Two),
2176:
2002 "Words of Joy: Five Catholic Prayers in Quenya (Part One),
5447:
5283:
5261:
5236:
5186:
5132:
5122:
4923:
4883:
3851:
3802:
3656:
3626:
3568:
3558:
3533:
3395:
3378:
3322:
2855:
2724:
2632:
1824:
1020:
1008:
997:
963:
951:
853:
818:
812:
803:
796:
784:
632:
546:
522:
453:
141:
107:
70:
42:
958:
who later enhanced and further developed this script into his
5442:
5367:
5001:
4958:
4948:
4846:
3846:
3631:
3405:
3351:
3334:
3317:
2719:
1054:
865:
328:
115:
4640:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
1417:
5402:
5057:
4773:
423:. They depict a tree of languages analogous to that of the
145:(c. 1915). At that time, Tolkien was already familiar with
2402:
2009 "Tengwesta Qenderinwa", ed. Gilson, Smith and Wynne,
572:' in Tolkien's Elvish languages, as described in the 1937
77:. These were the various languages spoken by the Elves of
4813:
3422:
3390:
898:), shown in Italic Black. These are overlaid on a map of
776:
Common Eldarin is the language of the three clans of the
2562:
2389:
2007 "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in
2109:
2000 "From The Shibboleth of Fëanor" (written ca. 1968)
2137:
2000 "Merin Sentence" Tyalie Tyalieva 14, p. 32–35
1515:, pp. 377–385 (Christopher Tolkien's introduction)
1241:
1239:
962:, which later was spread to Middle-earth by the Exiled
5505:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
1371:(2020) . "Invented Languages and Writing Systems". In
780:
during the Great March to Valinor. It developed into:
540:
488:
443:
200:, which are favoured) and the fondness for the ending
795:
Vanyarin Quenya or Quendya, colloquial speech of the
612:, and began "naturally" to make a language. With the
1274:
1272:
1236:
608:
who awoke together in the far east of Middle-earth,
2327:2006 "Pre-Fëanorian Alphabets", Part 1, ed. Smith,
1667:
1448:. The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship. Archived from
773:. It developed into at least six Avarin languages.
578:. Noldorin is in the place soon to be occupied by
539:of the Elvish languages, contemporaneous with the
309:, West Lemberin, North Lemberin, and East Lemberin
90:, he stated that he began stories set within this
1269:
929:of Elvish languages exists within the fiction of
872:; Noldorin Sindarin, spoken by the Exiled Noldor.
5587:
1257:
868:of Beleriand; North Sindarin, in Dorthonion and
2371:2007 "Five Late Quenya Volitive Inscriptions."
2073:, Enquiry into the communication of thought",
1506:
1219:
345:are listed in the Bibliography of this article.
1629:
1591:
1564:
1562:
1169:Letter from Tolkien to a reader, published in
811:Common Telerin, the early language of all the
487:Elvish language evolution as described in the
131:J. R. R. Tolkien began to construct his first
4667:
2871:
2615:
2601:
2474:2013 "Primitive Quendian: Final Consonants",
1639:(2013) . "Languages Invented by Tolkien". In
1601:(2006). "Elves: Kindreds and Migrations". In
586:
4591:Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings
1518:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
255:the many mechanisms of sound change needed.
4549:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
1559:
996:"Sarati" in Tolkien's first Elvish script,
856:, a branch of the Third Clan, who dwelt in
792:(Eldamar) beyond the Sea; it divided into:
511:Elvish language evolution once Tolkien had
4674:
4660:
2878:
2864:
2608:
2594:
2082:1998 "From Quendi and Eldar, Appendix D."
1471:
1469:
329:Publication of Tolkien's linguistic papers
4681:
1704:
1635:
1597:
1352:
1207:
1163:
1113:
1097:
1068:Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
263:, of which it was/is in fact independent.
251:and then proceeded in inventing for each
4584:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
4535:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
4461:Things named after Tolkien and his works
2438:2010 "Outline of Phonetic Development",
2411:2009 "Pre-Fëanorian Alphabets, Part 2",
2100:2000 "Etymological Notes: Osanwe-kenta"
991:
879:
563:
429:
417:, both edited and published in the 1987
126:
36:
5491:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
4528:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
2510:2024 "The Fëanorian Alphabet, Part 2",
2492:2015 "The Fëanorian Alphabet, Part 1",
2483:2013 "Common Eldarin: Noun Structure",
1765:
1733:
1573:. In Beregond, Anders Stenström (ed.).
1524:
1512:
1475:
1466:
1296:
1263:
1225:
1213:
707:Noldorin Quenya (later, Exilic Quenya)
14:
5588:
2344:", ed. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter,
1938:
1568:
914:
860:. Its dialects include Doriathrin, in
358:, from its issue 39 in July 1998, and
153:, Italian, Spanish, and three ancient
4655:
2859:
2589:
2158:2001 "Goldogrim Pronominal Prefixes"
1413:
1367:
821:, Elves of the Third Clan, living in
30:For Elvish languages in general, see
3200:The History of The Lord of the Rings
2024:1993 "The Bodleian Declensions", in
1997:1992 "Liège Tengwar Inscription" in
427:that Tolkien knew as a philologist.
2465:2013 "Qenya: Declension of Nouns",
2202:in Quenya) versions I–IV, pp. 26–36
2149:2001 "Essay on negation in Quenya"
1328:. Republished with permission from
1160:, "Foreword to the Second Edition".
373:
337:The linguistic papers published in
121:
24:
4612:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
4486:The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
2840:Sound and language in Middle-earth
1988:1992 "New Tengwar Inscription" in
1478:, Part 2, chapter 5, "The Lhammas"
942:Elven philologists are called the
305:Danian of Ossiriand, East Danian,
25:
5617:
5498:In the Land of Invented Languages
4577:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
2546:
2193:in Quenya) versions I–VI, p. 4–26
1913:"Alboin Errol's Fragments", p. 51
1673:
1646:The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
981:
517:under development, 1938 onwards.
135:c. 1910–1911 while he was at the
3176:The Lost Road and Other Writings
2885:
2563:The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
2015:1993 "Koivieneni Manuscript" in
1907:The Lost Road and Other Writings
1776:The Lost Road and Other Writings
1422:The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
504:
480:
420:The Lost Road and Other Writings
137:King Edward's School, Birmingham
59:Elvish languages of Middle-earth
4493:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
4370:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
4092:Finnish language and literature
3062:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
2167:2001 "Early Noldorin Grammar",
1798:
1711:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
1481:
1434:
1407:
1378:A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien
1290:
1193:
1116:, #214 to A. C. Nunn, late 1958
884:Elvish Languages mapped to the
806:, the Elves of the Second Clan.
788:, the language of the Elves in
18:Elvish languages (Middle-earth)
4633:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
4605:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
3882:Ancestry as guide to character
3018:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
2537:Carl F. Hostetter: A Checklist
2501:2015 "Quenya Verb Structure",
2269:2003 "Early Qenya Fragments",
2033:1994 "The Entu Declension" in
1979:1991 "Koivieneni Sentence" in
1841:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
1713:: Revised and Expanded Edition
1315:
1178:
1146:
1134:
1119:
1107:
1091:
836:Nandorin, the language of the
799:, the Elves of the First Clan;
239:From the outset, Tolkien used
41:The first stanza of Tolkien's
13:
1:
5570:List of constructed languages
4542:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
3006:The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
2447:2010 "Outline of Phonology",
2380:2007 "Ambidexters Sentence",
2287:2003 "The Valmaric Scripts",
2243:"Alcar mi tarmenel na Erun" (
2115:41, pp. 7–10 (A part of
2006:1993 "Two Trees Sentence" in
1608:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
1080:
817:Telerin, the language of the
2746:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
2456:2012 "The Quenya Alphabet",
2278:2003 "Early Qenya Grammar",
2051:1995 "Rúmilian Document" in
1880:The Monsters and the Critics
1309:
541:
489:
444:
212:(movement to, towards), and
7:
4065:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
3233:The Peoples of Middle-earth
3168:The Shaping of Middle-earth
2429:2010 "Comparative Tables",
2336:2006 "Early Elvish Poetry:
2122:The Peoples of Middle-earth
1061:
1028:(Runes used in the city of
438:trees compared. Tolkien, a
401:The Elvish languages are a
366:The History of Middle-earth
236:for his Elvish vocabulary.
10:
5622:
3739:List of weapons and armour
3272:The Nature of Middle-earth
2962:The Fellowship of the Ring
1698:
1281:, "Outline of Phonology",
1248:, "Tengwesta Qenderinwa",
1085:
1011:. In chronological order,
985:
921:Philology and Middle-earth
918:
593:
390:
169:. He had invented several
29:
5575:List of language creators
5560:
5514:
5463:
5415:
5355:
5156:
5071:
4972:
4762:
4751:
4689:
4626:Tolkien and the Great War
4473:
4434:Works inspired by Tolkien
4416:
4349:
4338:Nightfall in Middle-Earth
4270:
4187:
4178:
4153:The Atlas of Middle-earth
4144:
4057:
3867:
3758:
3751:
3694:
3584:
3436:
3298:
3287:
3257:The History of The Hobbit
3242:
3129:
3120:
3027:
2999:The Scouring of the Shire
2935:
2928:
2893:
2798:
2738:
2710:
2674:
2623:
2617:Languages of Middle-earth
2565:: Publishes the journals
2519:2024 "Eldarin Pronouns",
2420:2010 "Quenya Phonology",
2338:Oilima Markirya, Nieninqe
740:
718:
705:
678:
665:
652:
645:
637:
625:
397:The Etymologies (Tolkien)
139:and which he later named
5596:Elves in popular culture
4563:The Road to Middle-Earth
4429:Middle-earth Enterprises
3075:The three "Great Tales"
2117:the Shibboleth of Fëanor
2042:1995 "Gnomish Lexicon",
1970:, and later in full in "
1835:); no texts or sentences
1808:
1577:. Arda. pp. 12–29.
1525:Goering, Nelson (2017).
1326:"Elvish as She Is Spoke"
190:was a dominant influence
5547:Interlingue/Interlingua
4714:International auxiliary
4384:An Evening in Rivendell
4257:Margrethe II of Denmark
4136:A mythology for England
2231:" in Quenya, pp. 11–20.
1489:"Family: Indo-European"
1341:(Marquette, 2006), ed.
931:Tolkien's frame stories
852:is the language of the
537:etymological dictionary
425:Indo-European languages
5601:Middle-earth languages
5252:Middle-earth languages
4507:Master of Middle-Earth
4029:Psychological journeys
3593:First and Second Ages
3445:First and Second Ages
3207:The Notion Club Papers
3145:The Book of Lost Tales
2992:The Return of the King
2969:The Shadow of the Past
2845:Sundering of the Elves
2249:in Quenya), pp. 31–38.
2246:Gloria in Excelsis Deo
1916:"Fíriel's Song", p. 69
1874:: the "Oath of Cirion"
1000:
940:
911:
886:Sundering of the Elves
742:Avarin (6+ languages)
614:sundering of the Elves
596:Sundering of the Elves
583:
468:, starting soon after
449:
436:Indo-European language
279:(a dialect of Qenya),
265:
218:
104:
54:
5527:Esperanto/Interlingua
5428:Esperanto orthography
5007:Pan-Germanic language
4789:Communicationssprache
4683:Constructed languages
4619:Tolkien's Legendarium
4363:The Road Goes Ever On
4305:The Lord of the Rings
4290:The Lord of the Rings
4166:A Map of Middle-earth
3909:Death and immortality
3712:Red Book of Westmarch
3225:The War of the Jewels
3160:The Lays of Beleriand
3081:The Children of Húrin
2976:The Council of Elrond
2955:The Lord of the Rings
2834:The Lord of the Rings
2832:Pseudotranslation in
2663:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
2393:", edited by Gilson,
2391:The Lord of the Rings
2211:in Quenya), pp. 36–38
2173:13, pp. 119–132.
2060:1998 "Qenya Lexicon"
1857:The Road Goes Ever On
1849:The Lord of the Rings
1744:The War of the Jewels
1599:Dickerson, Matthew T.
1571:"How We Got Sindarin"
1569:Welden, Bill (2023).
1545:10.1353/tks.2017.0015
1157:The Lord of the Rings
1074:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
995:
935:
919:Further information:
888:: Languages (such as
883:
602:The Lord of the Rings
594:Further information:
589:The Lord of the Rings
567:
514:The Lord of the Rings
466:The Lord of the Rings
433:
391:Further information:
318:The Lord of the Rings
281:Telerin, Old Noldorin
261:The Lord of the Rings
257:
241:comparative philology
202:-inen, -ainen, -oinen
185:
127:Language construction
100:
98:. As Tolkien stated:
40:
5019:Pan-Romance language
4894:Latino sine flexione
4398:At Dawn in Rivendell
4391:A Night in Rivendell
4378:The Tolkien Ensemble
4212:Brothers Hildebrandt
3734:Two Trees of Valinor
3097:The Fall of Gondolin
2240:in Quenya), pp. 5–11
2128:2000 "Notes on Óre"
1823:a few elvish names (
1653:. pp. 332–343.
1641:Drout, Michael D. C.
1603:Drout, Michael D. C.
1442:"Parma Eldalamberon"
1385:. pp. 202–214.
1266:, "Quendi and Eldar"
1019:Tengwar of Rúmil or
864:; Falathrin, in the
5036:Pan-Slavic language
3902:Round World dilemma
3454:Eärendil and Elwing
3107:The Fall of Númenor
2533:Douglas A. Anderson
2377:49, pp. 38–58.
2237:Sub tuum praesidium
2155:42, pp. 33–34.
2125:, pp. 331–366)
2057:37, pp. 15–23.
1939:Posthumous articles
1771:Christopher Tolkien
1739:Christopher Tolkien
1706:Carpenter, Humphrey
1228:, pp. 385–448
915:Fictional philology
379:At the time of the
171:cryptographic codes
88:Christopher Tolkien
5606:Middle-earth Elves
5423:Constructed script
4899:Lingua Franca Nova
4879:International Sign
4521:A Question of Time
4323:The Rings of Power
4242:Alexander Korotich
4039:Sound and language
3919:Dreams and visions
2754:Parma Eldalamberon
2568:Parma Eldalamberon
2522:Parma Eldalamberon
2513:Parma Eldalamberon
2504:Parma Eldalamberon
2495:Parma Eldalamberon
2486:Parma Eldalamberon
2477:Parma Eldalamberon
2468:Parma Eldalamberon
2459:Parma Eldalamberon
2450:Parma Eldalamberon
2441:Parma Eldalamberon
2432:Parma Eldalamberon
2423:Parma Eldalamberon
2414:Parma Eldalamberon
2405:Parma Eldalamberon
2396:Parma Eldalamberon
2368:49, pp. 3–37.
2356:Parma Eldalamberon
2347:Parma Eldalamberon
2330:Parma Eldalamberon
2324:48, pp. 4–34.
2315:47, pp. 3–43.
2303:Parma Eldalamberon
2290:Parma Eldalamberon
2281:Parma Eldalamberon
2272:Parma Eldalamberon
2205:"Alcar i Ataren" (
2170:Parma Eldalamberon
2161:Parma Eldalamberon
2146:42, pp. 5–31.
2134:41, pp. 11–19
2091:1999 "Narqelion",
2088:39, pp. 4–20.
2063:Parma Eldalamberon
2045:Parma Eldalamberon
2039:36, pp. 8–29.
2030:28, pp. 9–34.
2021:27, pp. 7–42.
2012:27, pp. 7–42.
1985:14, pp. 5–20.
1956:Parma Eldalamberon
1682:The Tolkien Estate
1637:Hostetter, Carl F.
1415:Hostetter, Carl F.
1337:2006-12-09 at the
1322:Hostetter, Carl F.
1284:Parma Eldalamberon
1251:Parma Eldalamberon
1201:Parma Eldalamberon
1187:Parma Eldalamberon
1172:Parma Eldalamberon
1141:Parma Eldalamberon
1128:Parma Eldalamberon
1001:
927:philological study
912:
584:
450:
361:Parma Eldalamberon
343:Parma Eldalamberon
273:Comparative Tables
198:mb, nd, ng, ld, rd
155:Germanic languages
55:
49:", written in his
5583:
5582:
5438:Tolkien's scripts
5411:
5410:
5128:Logopandecteision
5091:Dutton Speedwords
5024:Neolatino Romance
4904:Lingwa de planeta
4649:
4648:
4598:A Tolkien Compass
4514:Picturing Tolkien
4500:Interrupted Music
4469:
4468:
4405:Leaving Rivendell
4174:
4173:
4160:Journeys of Frodo
4014:Old Straight Road
4004:Naming of weapons
3747:
3746:
3494:Lúthien and Beren
3283:
3282:
3265:Carl F. Hostetter
3116:
3115:
3089:Beren and Lúthien
3070:Bilbo's Last Song
2853:
2852:
2770:Carl F. Hostetter
2760:Anthony Appleyard
2557:Carl F. Hostetter
2234:"Ortírielyanna" (
2119:was published in
2097:40, pp. 5–32
1945:Carl F. Hostetter
1767:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1735:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1726:978-0-35-865298-4
1678:"Writing Systems"
1660:978-0-415-86511-1
1622:978-1-13588-034-7
1153:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1013:Tolkien's scripts
988:Tolkien's scripts
761:
760:
751:
750:
729:
728:
693:
692:
654:Telerin (Silvan)
253:daughter language
230:pronominal system
208:(rest at or in),
16:(Redirected from
5613:
5532:Esperanto/Novial
5356:Ritual and other
5197:Elvish languages
5118:Lingua generalis
5106:Astrolinguistics
4760:
4759:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4570:Splintered Light
4185:
4184:
4009:Northern courage
3934:Environmentalism
3914:Decline and fall
3837:Tolkien's poetry
3756:
3755:
3474:Finwë and Míriel
3296:
3295:
3250:John D. Rateliff
3127:
3126:
3054:Unfinished Tales
3037:The Silmarillion
2933:
2932:
2898:J. R. R. Tolkien
2880:
2873:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2765:Helge Fauskanger
2625:Elvish languages
2610:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2229:Litany of Loreto
2106:41, pp. 5–6
1947:in the journals
1871:Unfinished Tales
1794:
1781:Houghton Mifflin
1762:
1749:Houghton Mifflin
1730:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1418:"Vinyar Tengwar"
1411:
1405:
1404:
1365:
1350:
1343:Wayne G. Hammond
1319:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1243:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1102:Houghton Mifflin
1095:
1026:Gondolinic runes
892:
720:Vanyarin Quenya
648:
647:
640:
639:
628:
627:
620:
619:
544:
508:
492:
484:
447:
374:Internal history
122:External history
67:J. R. R. Tolkien
32:Elvish languages
21:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5556:
5537:Ido/Interlingua
5510:
5484:Bridge of Words
5459:
5407:
5351:
5161:
5152:
5067:
4968:
4889:Langue nouvelle
4765:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4685:
4680:
4650:
4645:
4556:Perilous Realms
4476:
4465:
4412:
4345:
4288:Symphony No. 1
4266:
4227:Donato Giancola
4180:
4170:
4140:
4087:Classical world
4053:
3944:First World War
3863:
3743:
3690:
3642:Lonely Mountain
3580:
3432:
3303:
3290:
3279:
3238:
3183:The Etymologies
3133:
3122:
3112:
3023:
2937:
2924:
2889:
2884:
2854:
2849:
2814:The Etymologies
2794:
2734:
2706:
2675:Other languages
2670:
2650:Respective case
2619:
2614:
2549:
2541:Tolkien Studies
2529:
2528:
2298:Sí Qente Feanor
2252:"Ae Adar Nín" (
2003:23, p. 16.
1941:
1929:The Etymologies
1889:Oilima Markirya
1811:
1801:
1791:
1759:
1727:
1708:, ed. (2023) .
1701:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1675:Smith, Arden R.
1672:
1668:
1661:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1567:
1560:
1532:Tolkien Studies
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1467:
1455:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1412:
1408:
1393:
1383:Wiley Blackwell
1369:Smith, Arden R.
1366:
1353:
1347:Christina Scull
1339:Wayback Machine
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1258:
1244:
1237:
1231:The Etymologies
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1204:, 19, pp. 18–28
1198:
1194:
1183:
1179:
1168:
1164:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1064:
1035:Valmaric script
990:
984:
925:A tradition of
923:
917:
890:
762:
752:
730:
694:
598:
592:
559:The Etymologies
555:The Etymologies
532:The Etymologies
526:
509:
500:
496:The Etymologies
493:and assumed in
485:
414:The Etymologies
399:
389:
385:The Etymologies
376:
352:Two magazines (
331:
277:Qenya, Lindarin
129:
124:
92:secondary world
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5619:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5138:Real Character
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4693:
4691:
4690:Classification
4687:
4686:
4679:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4656:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4481:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4332:Blind Guardian
4329:
4328:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4197:Pauline Baynes
4193:
4191:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4156:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Mental illness
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3717:Rings of Power
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3519:Túrin Turambar
3516:
3514:Tuor and Idril
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3309:
3307:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3217:Morgoth's Ring
3212:
3211:
3210:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3139:
3137:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2988:
2985:The Two Towers
2981:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2785:Arden R. Smith
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2750:Vinyar Tengwar
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2645:Quenya grammar
2642:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2580:Vinyar Tengwar
2560:
2553:Elvish.org FAQ
2548:
2547:External links
2545:
2527:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2387:
2383:Vinyar Tengwar
2378:
2374:Vinyar Tengwar
2369:
2365:Vinyar Tengwar
2360:
2351:
2334:
2325:
2321:Vinyar Tengwar
2316:
2312:Vinyar Tengwar
2307:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2266:
2265:
2264:44, pp. 21–30.
2261:Vinyar Tengwar
2250:
2241:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2219:Vinyar Tengwar
2213:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2179:Vinyar Tengwar
2174:
2165:
2164:13 p. 97.
2156:
2152:Vinyar Tengwar
2147:
2143:Vinyar Tengwar
2138:
2135:
2131:Vinyar Tengwar
2126:
2112:Vinyar Tengwar
2107:
2103:Vinyar Tengwar
2098:
2094:Vinyar Tengwar
2089:
2085:Vinyar Tengwar
2080:
2076:Vinyar Tengwar
2067:
2058:
2054:Vinyar Tengwar
2049:
2040:
2036:Vinyar Tengwar
2031:
2027:Vinyar Tengwar
2022:
2018:Vinyar Tengwar
2013:
2009:Vinyar Tengwar
2004:
2000:Vinyar Tengwar
1995:
1994:21, p. 6.
1991:Vinyar Tengwar
1986:
1982:Vinyar Tengwar
1977:
1975:6, p. 14.
1972:Vinyar Tengwar
1959:, as follows:
1950:Vinyar Tengwar
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1914:
1902:
1875:
1864:Posthumously:
1862:
1861:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1763:
1757:
1731:
1725:
1717:Harper Collins
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1666:
1659:
1628:
1621:
1590:
1583:
1558:
1539:(1): 191–201.
1517:
1505:
1480:
1465:
1433:
1406:
1392:978-1119656029
1391:
1373:Lee, Stuart D.
1351:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1289:
1279:J.R.R. Tolkien
1268:
1256:
1246:J.R.R. Tolkien
1235:
1218:
1206:
1192:
1177:
1162:
1145:
1133:
1118:
1114:Carpenter 2023
1106:
1098:Carpenter 2023
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1023:
986:Main article:
983:
982:Elvish scripts
980:
916:
913:
878:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
845:
834:
809:
808:
807:
800:
774:
759:
758:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:
744:
739:
736:
735:
732:
731:
727:
726:
723:
722:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
704:
701:
700:
696:
695:
691:
690:
687:
686:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:
651:
646:
644:
638:
636:
626:
624:
618:
591:
585:
568:Etymology of '
528:
527:
510:
503:
501:
486:
479:
388:
377:
375:
372:
355:Vinyar Tengwar
350:
349:
348:
347:
339:Vinyar Tengwar
330:
327:
249:proto-language
128:
125:
123:
120:
96:world building
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5618:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5553:
5552:Lojban/Loglan
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:Esperanto/Ido
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5477:A Secret Vice
5474:
5472:
5471:Esperantology
5469:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5383:Lingua ignota
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:Belter Creole
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:Basic English
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:Universalglot
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4859:Idiom Neutral
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4764:International
4761:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4741:Philosophical
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4707:Language game
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4283:Johan de Meij
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Mary Fairburn
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4177:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Moral dilemma
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:Luck and fate
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Frame stories
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
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3141:
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3119:
3109:
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2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:A Secret Vice
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
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2591:
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2575:
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2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:– Article by
2554:
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2292:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2258:in Sindarin)
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:"Aia María" (
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2162:
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2148:
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2139:
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2123:
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2047:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1946:
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1926:
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1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:A Secret Vice
1882:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1850:
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1842:
1837:
1834:
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1826:
1822:
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1816:
1815:
1814:
1804:
1792:
1790:0-395-45519-7
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1758:0-395-71041-3
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1712:
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1683:
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1642:
1638:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1584:9789197350075
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1452:on 2011-07-09
1451:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1388:
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1370:
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1318:
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1273:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:, pp. 378–379
1215:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1158:
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1022:
1018:
1017:
1016:
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1006:
999:
994:
989:
979:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:; in Quenya,
945:
939:
938:inscriptions.
934:
932:
928:
922:
909:
906:on the left,
905:
901:
897:
893:
887:
882:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:
814:
810:
805:
801:
798:
794:
793:
791:
787:
786:
782:
781:
779:
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768:
767:
766:
756:
755:
747:
746:
743:
738:
737:
734:
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725:
724:
721:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
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702:
698:
697:
689:
688:
685:
684:
683:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
650:
649:
642:
641:
635:
634:
630:
629:
622:
621:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
590:
581:
577:
576:
571:
566:
562:
560:
556:
553:and Ilkorin.
552:
548:
543:
538:
535:is Tolkien's
534:
533:
524:
520:
516:
515:
507:
502:
498:
497:
491:
483:
478:
477:
476:
473:
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467:
463:
459:
455:
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441:
437:
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421:
416:
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410:
409:
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398:
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382:
371:
369:
367:
363:
362:
357:
356:
346:
342:
338:
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312:
310:
308:
302:
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264:
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237:
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199:
195:
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184:
182:
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176:
172:
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138:
134:
119:
117:
113:
109:
103:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5433:Sitelen Pona
5304:
4840:esperantidos
4809:Esperanto II
4731:Experimental
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4368:
4361:
4357:Donald Swann
4336:
4322:
4313:
4304:
4298:Howard Shore
4289:
4237:Tove Jansson
4217:Jenny Dolfen
4207:Anke Eißmann
4179:Adaptations,
4158:
4151:
4075:
3892:Christianity
3887:Architecture
3797:
3793:Black Speech
3773:Family trees
3574:Tom Bombadil
3270:
3255:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3205:
3198:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3143:
3134:Middle-earth
3130:
3105:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3035:
3016:
2990:
2983:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2936:In Tolkien's
2903:Bibliography
2887:Middle-earth
2833:
2827:Middle-earth
2819:
2812:
2790:Allan Turner
2753:
2749:
2687:Black Speech
2661:
2637:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2536:
2530:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2259:
2255:Pater Noster
2253:
2244:
2235:
2217:
2208:Gloria Patri
2206:
2197:
2190:Pater Noster
2188:
2187:"Ataremma" (
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2071:Osanwe-kenta
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1927:
1919:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1818:
1812:
1802:
1799:Bibliography
1774:
1742:
1715:. New York:
1709:
1685:. Retrieved
1669:
1644:
1631:
1606:
1593:
1574:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1513:Tolkien 1987
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:
1483:
1476:Tolkien 1987
1460:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:the original
1446:Wladalaberon
1445:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1409:
1376:
1330:
1317:
1297:Tolkien 1987
1292:
1282:
1264:Tolkien 1994
1259:
1249:
1229:
1226:Tolkien 1987
1221:
1214:Tolkien 1987
1209:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1148:
1136:
1126:
1121:
1109:
1093:
1072:
1002:
973:
969:Osanwe-kenta
967:
947:
944:Lambengolmor
943:
941:
936:
924:
908:Middle-earth
895:
889:
847:
783:
763:
741:
719:
706:
680:
679:
666:
653:
631:
601:
599:
588:
573:
558:
554:
530:
529:
512:
494:
469:
465:
451:
418:
412:
406:
400:
384:
380:
370:
359:
353:
351:
344:
340:
336:
325:1954–1973).
322:
316:
313:
304:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
266:
260:
258:
238:
223:
219:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
186:
178:
140:
133:Elvin tongue
132:
130:
105:
101:
79:Middle-earth
58:
56:
5515:Comparisons
5393:Palawa kani
5388:Medefaidrin
5063:Weltdeutsch
5053:Runyakitara
5041:Interslavic
4874:Interlingue
4869:Interlingua
4852:Interglossa
4779:Blissymbols
4454:Video games
4439:Fan fiction
4417:Other media
4316:film series
4307:film series
4262:Ted Nasmith
4124:Prose style
4117:Shakespeare
3877:Anachronism
3449:Celebrimbor
3123:composition
3044:Ainulindalë
2915:Legendarium
1968:Beyond Bree
1131:17, p. 135.
1104:, June 1955
823:Tol Eressëa
575:Etymologies
440:philologist
434:Elvish and
323:late Elvish
293:Gondolinian
226:conjugation
196:(except in
167:Old English
84:philologist
63:constructed
5590:Categories
5542:Ido/Novial
5363:Balaibalan
5073:Engineered
4929:Pasilingua
4819:Mundolinco
4726:Engineered
4314:The Hobbit
4278:Bo Hansson
4252:Tom Loback
4145:Geographic
4070:Influences
3647:Lothlórien
3613:Third Age
3549:Glorfindel
3530:Third Age
3438:Characters
3374:Half-elven
3132:History of
3121:History of
3028:Posthumous
2947:The Hobbit
2780:David Salo
2775:Tom Loback
2574:Tengwestië
2543:4 (2007).
1846:1954–1955
1820:The Hobbit
1779:. Boston:
1747:. Boston:
1687:26 January
1456:2011-01-01
1427:2011-01-01
1401:1183854105
1287:19, p. 68.
1190:18, p. 23.
1143:17, p. 135
1100:, #165 to
1081:References
1038:Andyoqenya
844:languages.
827:Alqualondë
623:Primitive
471:The Hobbit
245:tree model
69:, include
5416:Neography
5342:Verdurian
5312:Syldavian
5307:languages
5305:Star Wars
5299:Spocanian
5182:Brithenig
5172:Atlantean
5158:Fictional
5148:Toki Pona
4997:Eurolengo
4834:Universal
4794:Esperanto
4766:auxiliary
4754:languages
4752:Specific
4702:Fictional
4477:criticism
4449:Calendars
4325:TV series
4321:Music of
4312:Music of
4303:Music of
4271:Composers
4232:John Howe
4129:Ambiguity
4112:Philology
3989:Modernism
3897:Cosmology
3783:Languages
3729:Silmarils
3677:The Shire
3667:Rivendell
3597:Beleriand
3554:Goldberry
3539:Galadriel
3524:Ungoliant
3479:Gil-galad
3469:Fingolfin
3406:Beornings
3384:Sundering
3347:Ancalagon
3289:Fictional
2739:Linguists
2531:See also
2199:Ave Maria
1829:Glamdring
1651:Routledge
1613:Routledge
1553:1547-3163
1493:Glottolog
1310:Secondary
1254:18, p. 72
1175:17, p. 61
1057:of Daeron
858:Beleriand
757:Quendian
667:Nandorin
610:Cuiviénen
570:Glamdring
462:Beleriand
299:(esp. of
285:Fëanorian
163:Old Norse
5373:Enochian
5332:Valyrian
5322:Tsolyáni
5289:Newspeak
5267:Sindarin
5202:Enchanta
5192:Dothraki
5164:artistic
5101:Kalaba-X
5046:Iazychie
5012:Tutonish
4982:Afrihili
4939:Solresol
4934:Sambahsa
4919:Nal Bino
4829:Romániço
4824:Reformed
4804:Arcaicam
4799:Adjuvilo
4756:by group
4697:Artistic
4475:Literary
4350:Settings
4247:Alan Lee
4202:Cor Blok
4097:Medieval
4058:Literary
4019:Paganism
3808:Sindarin
3778:Heraldry
3760:Elements
3752:Analysis
3722:One Ring
3707:Palantír
3652:Mirkwood
3637:Isengard
3622:Esgaroth
3416:Dúnedain
3411:Drúedain
3305:monsters
3291:universe
3197:1988–92
3142:1983–84
2952:1954-55
2938:lifetime
2657:Sindarin
2342:Earendel
1898:Earendel
1893:Nieninqe
1887:", with
1769:(1987).
1737:(1994).
1335:Archived
1062:See also
1041:Qenyatic
1030:Gondolin
972:and the
896:"Quendi"
849:Sindarin
699:Telerin
682:Sindarin
580:Sindarin
551:Noldorin
519:Sindarin
289:Noldorin
243:and the
228:and the
180:Kalevala
75:Sindarin
5453:Tengwar
5398:Yerkish
5378:Eskayan
5337:Venedic
5327:Utopian
5317:Teonaht
5294:Simlish
5272:more...
5257:Adûnaic
5242:Lydnevi
5222:Kobaïan
5217:Klingon
5096:Ithkuil
5029:Romanid
4992:Efatese
4987:Budinos
4964:Volapük
4909:Mondial
4736:Musical
4189:Artists
4076:Beowulf
3964:Heroism
3949:Forests
3929:England
3924:Economy
3857:Tengwar
3842:Scripts
3825:Westron
3820:Valarin
3815:Khuzdul
3788:Adûnaic
3768:Artwork
3702:Mithril
3695:Objects
3682:Bag End
3607:Valinor
3602:Númenor
3564:Saruman
3544:Gandalf
3509:Thingol
3504:Morgoth
3489:Isildur
3459:Elendil
3396:Hobbits
3359:Dwarves
3342:Dragons
3328:Wizards
3323:Balrogs
3300:Peoples
3190:Lhammas
3151:Ælfwine
2920:Outline
2821:Lhammas
2799:Related
2730:Tengwar
2712:Scripts
2702:Westron
2697:Valarin
2692:Khuzdul
2682:Adûnaic
2639:Namárië
1965:fanzine
1921:Lhammas
1833:Orcrist
1773:(ed.).
1741:(ed.).
1699:Sources
1643:(ed.).
1605:(ed.).
1375:(ed.).
1301:Lhammas
1299:, "The
1086:Primary
1045:Tengwar
1005:Tengwar
975:Lhammas
960:Tengwar
902:, with
870:Hithlum
862:Doriath
831:Valinor
790:Valinor
771:Valinor
643:Common
542:Lhammas
490:Lhammas
458:Valinor
445:Lhammas
408:Lhammas
393:Lhammas
381:Lhammas
307:Taliska
301:Doriath
297:Ilkorin
269:Valarin
234:etymons
194:b, d, g
175:Finnish
112:Tengwar
53:script.
51:Tengwar
47:Namárië
5565:Portal
5448:Sarati
5284:Nadsat
5262:Quenya
5237:Loxian
5232:Lapine
5227:Láadan
5212:Kiliki
5187:Dritok
5162:other
5133:Lojban
5123:Loglan
5111:Lincos
4924:Novial
4884:Kotava
4838:other
4424:Impact
4181:legacy
4102:Modern
4082:Celtic
4034:Quests
4024:Plants
3869:Themes
3852:Sarati
3803:Quenya
3798:Elvish
3657:Mordor
3627:Gondor
3586:Places
3569:Sauron
3559:Gollum
3534:Elrond
3499:Melian
3464:Fëanor
3428:Trolls
3379:Noldor
3364:Eagles
3243:Others
2725:Sarati
2633:Quenya
2577:, and
2296:2004 "
2069:1998 "
1895:, and
1825:Elrond
1787:
1755:
1723:
1657:
1619:
1581:
1551:
1498:31 May
1399:
1389:
1049:Fëanor
1021:Sarati
1009:sarati
998:Sarati
964:Noldor
956:Fëanor
952:Sarati
891:Quenya
854:Sindar
842:Silvan
838:Nandor
819:Teleri
813:Teleri
804:Noldor
797:Vanyar
785:Quenya
633:Quenya
547:Quenya
523:Quenya
499:, 1937
454:Noldor
403:family
387:, 1937
183:epic.
165:, and
159:Gothic
142:Quenya
114:, and
108:Sarati
71:Quenya
45:poem "
43:Quenya
5464:Study
5443:Cirth
5368:Damin
5347:Wenja
5279:Naʼvi
5247:Mänti
5207:Kēlen
5002:Guosa
4974:Zonal
4959:Uropi
4949:Unish
4864:Intal
4847:Glosa
4784:Bolak
4719:Zonal
4107:Norse
4049:Trees
3999:Music
3979:Magic
3969:Light
3847:Cirth
3672:Rohan
3662:Moria
3632:Harad
3484:Húrin
3369:Elves
3352:Smaug
3335:Valar
3318:Maiar
3313:Ainur
3269:2021
3254:2007
3230:1996
3222:1994
3214:1993
3173:1987
3165:1986
3157:1985
3104:2022
3094:2018
3086:2017
3078:2007
3067:1990
3059:1981
3051:1980
3034:1977
3015:1962
2944:1937
2929:Works
2910:Canon
2720:Cirth
1904:1987
1877:1983
1868:1980
1854:1967
1838:1962
1817:1937
1809:Books
1055:Cirth
1015:are:
948:lambe
866:Falas
778:Eldar
606:Elves
587:With
151:Greek
147:Latin
116:Cirth
5403:Zaum
5058:Wede
4944:Sona
4774:Babm
4444:Film
4044:Time
3959:Hell
3939:Evil
3832:Maps
3617:Bree
3423:Orcs
3391:Ents
2340:and
1953:and
1785:ISBN
1753:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1689:2021
1655:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1549:ISSN
1500:2024
1397:OCLC
1387:ISBN
1345:and
1053:The
904:Aman
900:Arda
825:and
411:and
395:and
383:and
341:and
291:(or
283:(or
214:-llo
210:-nna
206:-sse
73:and
57:The
5160:and
5081:aUI
4914:Neo
4814:Ido
3401:Men
2525:23.
2516:23.
2507:22.
2498:22.
2489:21.
2480:21.
2471:21.
2462:20.
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