265:
to measure the fluid intelligence in neurological patients. This test is unique in that it offers more accuracy than any other test available for this type of measurement. VESPAR is divided into six sections. There are three matched sets of verbal and spatial reasoning problems, where each is dedicated to one of three forms of inductive reasoning. This includes odd one out, by analogy, and series completion. VESPAR is able to overcome many restraints that arise when performing more conventional reasoning tests by using stimuli that is more readily accessed by patients with physical or cognitive impairments due to neurological illness. VESPAR does not use timing to help evaluate performance, instead it uses high frequency stimulus words or visually distinct spatial stimuli to help determine its results. VESPAR has a multiple choice format. This format has been adopted to reduce both short-term memory load and output demands on the patient. The assessment of patients for neurodiagnostic and neurorehabilitation needs will be facilitated. VESPAR only requires the patient to do simple pointing gestures. The spatial section of the test measures the fluid intelligence of patients with
261:
side of the brain. Although the tests were originally devised to investigate theoretical issues, they have excellent selectivity and sensitivity in a clinical context leading to their wide adoption. The VOSP tests were designed to place limited demands on other cognitive abilities and are generally easy for people without brain disorders. Some VOSP tests have been incorporated into other test batteries (e.g., The
Rookwood Driving Battery) and they have also influenced other screening measures (e.g., The ACE-R). There are eight untimed tests in the VOSP that can be given either separately or as a whole. The scores obtained in a testing session can be compared with those obtained by people with brain injuries and with controls. The VOSP is widely used by clinical and research psychologists and has featured in over 250 research publications. The VOSP can be purchased from Pearson for around the price of US$ 230.00.
282:
130:
269:. The verbal section does the same for patients with visual and spatial problems. VESPAR focuses more the instinctive ability of a patient, rather than educational experience. Thus, although originally developed for adult neurological populations, the test is suitable for a wide range of clinical, educational, occupational, and research applications. This test is also available for purchase at most online bookstores.
256:
Throughout her career, Warrington conducted many ground breaking experiments and developed many cognitive functioning tests to measure a patient's cognitive abilities. Warrington's work is often credited with helping shape the basis of modern-day cognitive psychology. Many of
Warrington's tests are
231:
To further validate the discovery of "normal" memory in severe amnesics, Warrington used methods involving stem completion. The stem completion tasks involved patients learning a battery of words, and later identifying the learned words. Patients were able to identify a previously learned word when
260:
One of her most influential collection of tests is the Visual Object and Space
Perception Battery, or the VOSP, published by Warrington and Merle James in 1991. This collection of tests was based on over twenty years' research into object and spatial perception in people with damage confined to one
264:
Another test that is still in use is the Verbal and
Spatial Reasoning Test also known as VESPAR. VESPAR is a test that was designed by Warrington and Dawn W. Langdon in 1996. VESPAR is a reasoning test that presents a fairly new approach in how reasoning tests are performed. This test is designed
212:
In one of
Warrington's earliest studies, she investigated eighty right-handed patients who showed signs of a unilateral cerebral lesion resulting from problems such as a stroke or tumor. Subjects with lesions affecting the right side of their brain performed worse than subjects with lesions on the
247:
from
University College London, the short-term memory of a patient who had head trauma following a motorcycle accident was tested. Although the patient displayed a digit span of one (as opposed to the average person's digit span of five to nine), he was able to form certain types of long-term
179:
Warrington played a key role in the
British development of Cognitive Neuropsychology a research approach that has had implications beyond the clinical sphere, providing important insights into the way that the normal human brain perceives, remembers, and talk about words, objects and events.
168:
She worked as the Head of
Department of Neuropsychology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, England. As of June 2015, she is an emeritus professor of clinical neuropsychology at the University College London, specifically in the
204:
Warrington's research work focused on cognitive abilities and deficits. She conducted extensive research in the areas of visual object recognition, memory, and dementia. Her research has played an important role in the discovery and characterisation of
504:
437:
232:
presented with the first three letters, but were unable to identify a previously learned word when given the choice between a learned word and unknown word. These tests provided further evidence of different types of memory, now known as
192:. Her work is a foundation for understanding normal function as well as for innovating clinical methods in the development of numerous tests that can be used in the diagnosis of brain injuries and diseases including dementia,
217:. She went on to demonstrate that people with right hemisphere lesions had great difficulty in recognising objects photographed from unusual angles or with unusual lighting. The results of these studies provided evidence of
228:. When presenting patients with the second viewing of the figures, patients showed good retention of the initially unrecognisable images. These patients were classified as displaying signs of "normal" memory.
188:
and in establishing the evidence for category specific disorders of semantic knowledge; her work also defined a pattern of clinical impairment that became recognised as defining a form of dementia
224:
Entirely by accident, Warrington working together with
Lawrence Weiskrantz discovered a task in which patients with severe amnesia displayed signs of memory. She accomplished this using the
180:
Warrington's work has established a number of important differences (dissociations) between superficially similar cognitive abilities, for example in defining the differences between
218:
482:
558:
110:
67:
864:
869:
859:
490:
365:
499:
248:
memory. The collected data suggested that short-term memory was not necessarily required for the formation of long-term memories.
196:, and brain injuries resulting from a stroke and tumours. Her tests may also be used to track recovery and to plan rehabilitation
879:
889:
394:
160:
Elizabeth
Warrington received her PhD in psychology (visual processing) from the University College London in the 1950s.
541:
411:
884:
832:
337:
874:
723:
514:
209:. She also contributed to the development of more accurate tests used to diagnose degenerative brain conditions.
696:
293:
141:
718:
649:
550:
170:
753:
614:
587:
106:
40:
763:
748:
114:
102:
733:
713:
604:
854:
796:
738:
674:
534:
519:
193:
684:
487:
362:
894:
176:
She is a member of the Dementia Research Centre associated with University College London.
8:
609:
791:
639:
592:
225:
214:
221:
of function and also had a major impact on David Marr's theory of object recognition.
654:
644:
527:
390:
333:
206:
189:
94:
86:
728:
213:
left and control subjects when attempting both the Incomplete Letters Task and the
679:
619:
572:
494:
369:
327:
237:
233:
185:
181:
57:
634:
629:
109:. She formerly worked as the Head of the Department of Neuropsychology at the
848:
806:
801:
701:
669:
664:
554:
509:
455:
82:
816:
811:
743:
659:
577:
476:
244:
769:
707:
690:
598:
624:
438:"Visual Object and Space Perception Battery (VOSP) - Pearson Assessment"
281:
129:
786:
582:
412:"Today's Neuroscience, Tomorrow's History: A Video Archive Project"
98:
90:
266:
549:
477:
Professor Elizabeth Warrington FRS – Cognition and behaviour
326:
Sheehy, Noel; Chapman, Antony J.; Conroy, Wendy A. (2002).
117:. She was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1986.
479:, Warrington's profile on the Royal Society's website
387:
Cognitive Neuroscience : The Biology of The Mind
325:
488:Elizabeth Warrington's profile on the UCL website
846:
111:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
68:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
251:
535:
427:Addenbrooke;s Cognitive Assessment Revised:
120:
542:
528:
416:THE UCL CENTRE FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
374:THE UCL CENTRE FOR THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE
319:
243:In a test administered by Warrington and
406:
404:
402:
379:
865:Academics of University College London
847:
500:An interview with Elizabeth Warrington
523:
448:
399:
358:
356:
329:Biographical Dictionary of Psychology
276:
124:
870:Alumni of University College London
860:Female fellows of the Royal Society
430:
13:
353:
113:where she is also a member of the
14:
906:
833:Roger Makins, 1st Baron Sherfield
470:
363:"Professor Elizabeth Warrington"
280:
272:
128:
93:. She holds a PhD in Psychology
389:. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009.
708:Michael Augustine Raftery
421:
1:
880:British women neuroscientists
312:
890:Fellows of the Royal Society
483:An interview with Warrington
89:specialised in the study of
7:
252:Cognitive Functioning Tests
199:
10:
911:
691:Thomas Nelson Marsham
219:hemispheric lateralisation
171:UCL Institute of Neurology
825:
779:
565:
163:
107:University College London
85:(born 1931) is a British
80:Elizabeth Kerr Warrington
73:
63:
53:
46:
41:University College London
36:
28:
21:
885:British women scientists
770:Gordon Richard Wray
332:. Taylor & Francis.
121:Early life and education
115:Dementia Research Centre
103:clinical neuropsychology
875:British neuroscientists
714:Vulimiri Ramalingaswami
418:. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
376:. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
797:Antonio Garcia-Bellido
739:Charles J. M. Stirling
719:Peter Richardson
493:9 August 2018 at the
368:9 August 2018 at the
759:Elizabeth Warrington
385:Gazzaniga, Michael.
23:Elizabeth Warrington
599:Dennis Chapman
442:www.psychcorp.co.uk
194:Alzheimer's disease
16:British neurologist
792:Albert Eschenmoser
754:David Wallace
734:Michael Smith
640:Martin Fleischmann
593:Geoffrey Burnstock
515:Podcasts on iTunes
456:"Verbal Reasoning"
292:. You can help by
257:still used today.
226:Gollin figure test
215:Gollin figure test
140:. You can help by
842:
841:
655:John Rodney Guest
645:C. Robin Ganellin
395:978-0-393-92795-5
310:
309:
207:semantic dementia
190:semantic dementia
158:
157:
95:visual processing
87:neuropsychologist
77:
76:
48:Scientific career
902:
729:Raymond Smallman
697:William Mitchell
605:John Clarke
544:
537:
530:
521:
520:
464:
463:
452:
446:
445:
434:
428:
425:
419:
410:Thomas, Richard.
408:
397:
383:
377:
360:
351:
350:
348:
346:
323:
305:
302:
284:
277:
153:
150:
132:
125:
19:
18:
910:
909:
905:
904:
903:
901:
900:
899:
845:
844:
843:
838:
821:
775:
680:Chris J. Leaver
620:Simon Donaldson
573:Roy M. Anderson
561:
548:
495:Wayback Machine
473:
468:
467:
454:
453:
449:
436:
435:
431:
426:
422:
409:
400:
384:
380:
370:Wayback Machine
361:
354:
344:
342:
340:
324:
320:
315:
306:
300:
297:
290:needs expansion
275:
254:
238:explicit memory
234:implicit memory
202:
186:semantic memory
182:episodic memory
166:
154:
148:
145:
138:needs expansion
123:
58:Neuropsychology
37:Alma mater
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
908:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
827:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
781:
777:
776:
774:
773:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
704:
699:
694:
687:
685:George Lorimer
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
635:Peter Fellgett
632:
630:John M. Edmond
627:
622:
617:
612:
610:Peter Day
607:
602:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
569:
567:
563:
562:
547:
546:
539:
532:
524:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
485:
480:
472:
471:External links
469:
466:
465:
447:
429:
420:
398:
378:
352:
338:
317:
316:
314:
311:
308:
307:
287:
285:
274:
271:
253:
250:
201:
198:
165:
162:
156:
155:
135:
133:
122:
119:
97:and is now an
75:
74:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
907:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Living people
853:
852:
850:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Edwin H. Land
805:
803:
802:Joseph Keller
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
782:
778:
772:
771:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
724:Harold Ridley
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
709:
705:
703:
702:Keith Moffatt
700:
698:
695:
693:
692:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
670:Alec Jeffreys
668:
666:
665:Werner Israel
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:Richard Dixon
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:Royal Society
552:
545:
540:
538:
533:
531:
526:
525:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
478:
475:
474:
461:
460:fibonicci.com
457:
451:
443:
439:
433:
424:
417:
413:
407:
405:
403:
396:
392:
388:
382:
375:
371:
367:
364:
359:
357:
341:
339:9780415285612
335:
331:
330:
322:
318:
304:
295:
291:
288:This section
286:
283:
279:
278:
273:Personal life
270:
268:
262:
258:
249:
246:
241:
239:
235:
229:
227:
222:
220:
216:
210:
208:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
177:
174:
172:
161:
152:
143:
139:
136:This section
134:
131:
127:
126:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:professor of
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
31:
27:
20:
817:Vivian Fuchs
812:Shosaku Numa
768:
764:Allan Wilson
758:
744:John Sulston
706:
689:
660:Gabriel Horn
597:
578:John Argyris
459:
450:
441:
432:
423:
415:
386:
381:
373:
343:. Retrieved
328:
321:
298:
294:adding to it
289:
263:
259:
255:
245:Tim Shallice
242:
230:
223:
211:
203:
178:
175:
167:
159:
146:
142:adding to it
137:
79:
78:
64:Institutions
47:
895:1931 births
749:Jean Thomas
650:Adrian Gill
625:John Dowell
588:Alec Broers
849:Categories
826:Statute 12
787:Piet Borst
675:Allen Kerr
583:Ian Axford
313:References
301:March 2024
149:March 2024
557:elected
491:Archived
366:Archived
200:Research
99:emeritus
91:dementia
780:Foreign
566:Fellows
559:in 1986
553:of the
551:Fellows
345:14 June
267:aphasia
105:at the
835:
510:VESPAR
393:
336:
164:Career
54:Fields
505:VOSP
391:ISBN
347:2015
334:ISBN
236:and
184:and
173:.
32:1931
29:Born
296:.
144:.
83:FRS
851::
458:.
440:.
414:,
401:^
372:,
355:^
240:.
543:e
536:t
529:v
462:.
444:.
349:.
303:)
299:(
151:)
147:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.