Ecuador - Knowledge

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majority of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces were composed of rebellious angry unpaid veterans from Venezuela and Colombia that did not want to fight against their fellow countrymen. Seeing that his officers were rebelling, mutinying, and changing sides, President Flores had no option but to reluctantly make peace with New Granada. The Treaty of Pasto of 1832 was signed by which the Department of Cauca was turned over to New Granada (modern Colombia), the government of Bogotá recognized Ecuador as an independent country and the border was to follow the Ley de División Territorial de la República de Colombia (Law of the Division of Territory of the Gran Colombia) passed on 25 June 1824. This law set the border at the river Carchi and the eastern border that stretched to Brazil at the Caquetá river. Later, Ecuador contended that the Republic of Colombia, while reorganizing its government, unlawfully made its eastern border provisional and that Colombia extended its claims south to the Napo River because it said that the Government of Popayán extended its control all the way to the Napo River.

8539:. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non – Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish – Latin – American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures. 3480:

products; fish, and shrimp; and balsa wood. The country's vast resources include large amounts of timber across the country, like eucalyptus and mangroves. Pines and cedars are planted in the region of La Sierra and walnuts, rosemary, and balsa wood in the Guayas River Basin. The industry is concentrated mainly in Guayaquil, the largest industrial center, and in Quito, where in recent years the industry has grown considerably. This city is also the largest business center of the country. Industrial production is directed primarily to the domestic market. Despite this, there is limited export of products produced or processed industrially. These include canned foods, liquor, jewelry, furniture, and more. A minor industrial activity is also concentrated in Cuenca. Incomes from tourism has been increasing during the last few years due to promotion programs from Government, highlighting the variety of climates and the biodiversity of Ecuador.

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Amazonian country to counter Peru's earlier Treaty with Brazil back on 23 October 1851. Then after a few meetings with the Colombian government's representatives an agreement was reached and the Muñoz Vernaza-Suarez Treaty was signed 15 July 1916, in which Colombian rights to the Putumayo river were recognized as well as Ecuador's rights to the Napo river and the new border was a line that ran midpoint between those two rivers. In this way, Ecuador gave up the claims it had to the Amazonian territories between the Caquetá River and Napo River to Colombia, thus cutting itself off from Brazil. Later, a brief war erupted between Colombia and Peru, over Peru's claims to the Caquetá region, which ended with Peru reluctantly signing the Salomon-Lozano Treaty on 24 March 1922. Ecuador protested this secret treaty, since Colombia gave away Ecuadorian claimed land to Peru that Ecuador had given to Colombia in 1916.

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representative in the islands. Australia did not cede control of the Torres Strait Islands, inhabited by a Melanesian population, or Lord Howe and Norfolk Island, whose residents are of European ancestry. New Zealand retains indirect rule over Niue and Tokelau and has kept close relations with another former possession, the Cook Islands, through a compact of free association. Chile rules Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and Ecuador rules the Galapagos Islands. The Aboriginals of Australia, the Maoris of New Zealand and the native Polynesians of Hawaii, despite movements demanding more cultural recognition, greater economic and political considerations or even outright sovereignty, have remained minorities in countries where massive waves of migration have completely changed society. In short, Oceania has remained one of the least completely decolonized regions on the globe.

3604: 3424:. In January 2009, the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) put the 2010 growth forecast at 6.88%. In 2011, its GDP grew at 8% and ranked third highest in Latin America, behind Argentina (2nd) and Panama (1st). Between 1999 and 2007, GDP doubled, reaching $ 65,490 million according to BCE. The inflation rate until January 2008, was about 1.14%, the highest in the past year, according to the government. The monthly unemployment rate remained at about 6 and 8 percent from December 2007 until September 2008; however, it went up to about 9 percent in October and dropped again in November 2008 to 8 percent. Unemployment mean annual rate for 2009 in Ecuador was 8.5% because the global economic crisis continued to affect the Latin American economies. From this point, unemployment rates started a downward trend: 7.6% in 2010, 6.0% in 2011, and 4.8% in 2012. 1314: 2527: 4942:, still constituted the majority of the flow, even though they then represented only one third of the total number of immigrants in Ecuador. This situation came from the improvement of the economic situation in Liguria. The classic paradigm of the Italian immigrant today was not that of the small trader from Liguria as it had been before; those who emigrated to Ecuador were professionals and technicians, employees and religious people from South-Central Italy. It must be remembered that many immigrants, a remarkable number of Italians among them, moved to the Ecuadorian port from Peru to escape from the Peruvian war with Chile. The Italian government came to be more interested in the emigration phenomenon in Ecuador because of the necessity of finding an outlet for the large number of immigrants who traditionally went to the 5416: 4321:, compared to 111 back in the year 2000. Ecuadorians have a life expectancy of 77.1 years. The infant mortality rate is 13 per 1,000 live births, a major improvement from approximately 76 in the early 1980s and 140 in 1950. Almost a quarter, or 23%, of children under five are chronically malnourished. Population in some rural areas have no access to potable water, and its supply is provided by mean of water tankers. There are 686 malaria cases per 100,000 people. Basic health care, including doctor's visits, basic surgeries, and basic medications, has been provided free since 2008. However, some public hospitals are in poor condition and often lack necessary supplies to attend the high demand of patients. Private hospitals and clinics are well equipped but still expensive for the majority of the population. 1771:, defeated the Peruvian invasion force led by President La Mar. This defeat led to the signing of the Treaty of Guayaquil in September 1829, whereby Peru and its Congress recognized Gran Colombian rights over Tumbes, Jaén, and Maynas. Through meetings between Peru and Gran Colombia, the border was set as Tumbes river in the west, and in the east, the Maranon and Amazon rivers were to be followed toward Brazil as the most natural borders between them. According to the peace negotiations Peru agreed to return Guayaquil, Tumbez, and Jaén; despite this, Peru returned Guayaquil, but failed to return Tumbes and Jaén, alleging that it was not obligated to follow the agreements, since the Gran Colombia ceased to exist when it divided itself into three different nations – Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 1775: 3291: 1131: 1851:

River and that Peru since Ecuador's independence from Spain has systematically occupied Tumbez, Jaén, and most of the disputed territories in the Amazonian Basin between the Putomayo and Marañon Rivers. In July 1941, troops were mobilized in both countries. Peru had an army of 11,681 troops who faced a poorly supplied and inadequately armed Ecuadorian force of 2,300, of which only 1,300 were deployed in the southern provinces. Hostilities erupted on 5 July 1941, when Peruvian forces crossed the Zarumilla river at several locations, testing the strength and resolve of the Ecuadorian border troops. Finally, on 23 July 1941, the Peruvians launched a major invasion, crossing the Zarumilla river in force and advancing into the Ecuadorian province of

1839:. During its negotiations with Brazil, Peru claimed Amazonian Basin territories up to Caqueta River in the north and toward the Andes Mountain range. Colombia protested stating that its claims extended south toward the Napo and Amazon Rivers. Ecuador protested that it claimed the Amazon Basin between the Caqueta river and the Marañon-Amazon river. Peru ignored these protests and created the Department of Loreto in 1853 with its capital in Iquitos. Peru briefly occupied Guayaquil again in 1860, since Peru thought that Ecuador was selling some of the disputed land for development to British bond holders, but returned Guayaquil after a few months. The border dispute was then submitted to Spain for arbitration from 1880 to 1910, but to no avail. 5137: 2251: 3439: 13111: 1999:. While Ecuador had to give up its decades-old territorial claims to the eastern slopes of the Cordillera, as well as to the entire western area of Cenepa headwaters, Peru was compelled to give to Ecuador, in perpetual lease but without sovereignty, 1 km (0.39 sq mi) of its territory, in the area where the Ecuadorian base of Tiwinza – focal point of the war – had been located within Peruvian soil and which the Ecuadorian Army held during the conflict. The final border demarcation came into effect on 13 May 1999, and the multi-national MOMEP (Military Observer Mission for Ecuador and Peru) troop deployment withdrew on 17 June 1999. 2715: 4276: 4340: 5606: 12837: 2728: 5044: 3831: 12264: 3345: 3408: 5704: 4188: 5678: 4516: 1724:, before Peru or Ecuador became independent, areas of the former Vice Royalty of New Granada declared themselves independent from Spain. A few months later, a part of the Peruvian liberation army of San Martín decided to occupy the independent cities of Tumbez and Jaén, with the intention of using them as springboards to occupy the independent city of Guayaquil and then liberate the rest of the Audiencia de Quito (Ecuador). It was common knowledge among officers of the liberation army from the south that their leader 90: 2984: 1832:

of Jesuit missionaries from their bases along the Amazon Basin. Ecuador countered by labeling the Cedula of 1802 an ecclesiastical instrument, which had nothing to do with political borders. Peru began its de facto occupation of disputed Amazonian territories, after it signed a secret 1851 peace treaty in favor of Brazil. This treaty disregarded Spanish rights that were confirmed during colonial times by a Spanish-Portuguese treaty over the Amazon regarding territories held by illegal Portuguese settlers.

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some similarities with the work of Collahuazo. Collahuazo was imprisoned and all of his work burned. The existence of his literary work came to light many centuries later, when a crew of masons was restoring the walls of a colonial church in Quito and found a hidden manuscript. The salvaged fragment is a Spanish translation from Quechua of the "Elegy to the Dead of Atahualpa", a poem written by Collahuazo, which describes the sadness and impotence of the Inca people of having lost their king Atahualpa.

3468: 1167: 4526: 4463: 1859: 2622: 187: 3747: 3593: 5146: 1415: 756: 5516: 4473: 5023: 3763: 1404: 76: 12044: 2972: 2670:. In Ecuador's current judicial system, judges are selected in a contest of merits, rather than government appointments. However, the process of selection has been criticized as biased and subjective. In particular, the final interview is said to be given "excessive weighing". Judges and prosecutors that made decisions in favor of Correa in his lawsuits had received permanent posts, while others with better assessment grades had been rejected. 2401: 5592: 2964: 1820: 2059:, when his Air Force plane crashed in heavy rain near the Peruvian border. Many people believe that he was assassinated by the CIA, given the multiple death threats against him because of his reformist agenda, the deaths in automobile crashes of two key witnesses before they could testify during the investigation, and the sometimes contradictory accounts of the incident. Roldos was immediately succeeded by Vice President Osvaldo Hurtado. 2091: 3521: 2909: 12034: 781: 733: 714: 681: 662: 1928: 5113:-Imbabura). Sanjuanito is a type of dance music played during festivities by the mestizo and Amerindian communities. According to the Ecuadorian musicologist Segundo Luis Moreno, Sanjuanito was danced by Amerindian people during San Juan Bautista's birthday. This important date was established by the Spaniards on 24 June, coincidentally the same date when Amerindian people celebrated their rituals of 1917: 10817: 5303: 1795:, with the approval of the Ecuadorian congress annexed the Department of Cauca on 20 December 1830, since the government of Cauca had called for union with the District of the South as far back as April 1830. Moreover, the Cauca region, throughout its long history, had very strong economic and cultural ties with the people of Ecuador. Also, the Cauca region, which included such cities as 3898:, and are largely based in the Esmeraldas province and to a lesser degree in the predominantly Mestizo provinces of Coastal Ecuador – Guayas and Manabi. In the Highland Andes where a predominantly Mestizo, white and Amerindian population exist, the African presence is almost non-existent except for a small community in the province of Imbabura called Chota Valley. 4883:

carried Ottoman passports. There were further waves of immigration in the first half of the 20th century; by 1930, there were 577 Lebanese immigrants and 489 of their descendants residing in the country. A 1986 estimate from Lebanon's Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated 100,000 Lebanese descendants. They reside mostly in Quito and Guayaquil. They are predominantly

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historical exploitation by the land-holding elite. Their movement, along with the continuing destabilizing efforts by both the elite and leftist movements, has led to a deterioration of the executive office. The populace and the other branches of government give the president very little political capital, as illustrated by the most recent removal of President

2512:, the Comptroller General of the State, and the superintendents. Branch members hold office for five years. This branch is responsible for promoting transparency and control plans publicly, as well as plans to design mechanisms to combat corruption, as also designate certain authorities, and be the regulatory mechanism of accountability in the country. 10996: 8970:

Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).

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February 2013, with Canadian assistance. However, the main road leading from Quito city center to the new airport will only be finished in late 2014, making current travelling from the airport to downtown Quito as long as two hours during rush hour. Quito's old city-center airport is being turned into parkland, with some light industrial use.

3341:. The protection of the nation's biodiversity is an explicit national priority as stated in the National Plan of "Buen Vivir", or good living, Objective 4, "Guarantee the rights of nature", Policy 1: "Sustainably conserve and manage the natural heritage, including its land and marine biodiversity, which is considered a strategic sector". 3790:'s tramway is the largest public transport system in the city and the first modern tramway in Ecuador. It was inaugurated on 8 March 2019. It has 20.4 kilometers (12.7 mi) and 27 stations. It will transport 120,000 passagers daily. Its route starts in the south of Cuenca and ends in the north at the Parque Industrial neighbourhood. 2659:(HRW) former president Correa intimidated journalists and subjected them to "public denunciation and retaliatory litigation". The sentences to journalists were years of imprisonment and millions of dollars of compensation, even though defendants had been pardoned. Correa stated he was only seeking a retraction for slanderous statements. 1385:" ("Light of America"), is based on its leading role in trying to secure an independent, local government. Although the new government lasted no more than two months, it had important repercussions and was an inspiration for the independence movement of the rest of Spanish America. Today, 10 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a 1708:. Moreover, to add legitimacy to his claims, on 16 February 1840, Flores signed a treaty with Spain, whereby Flores convinced Spain to officially recognize Ecuadorian independence and its sole rights to colonial titles over Spain's former colonial territory known anciently to Spain as the Kingdom and Presidency of Quito. 3364:

maintain their land as native ecosystems such as native forests or grasslands. Eligibility and subsidy rates for this program are determined based on the poverty in the region, the number of hectares that will be protected, and the type of ecosystem of the land to be protected, among other factors. Ecuador had a 2018

6174: 6135: 1264:. People belonging to the confederations that gave them the most problems were deported to distant areas of Peru, Bolivia, and north Argentina. Similarly, a number of loyal Inca subjects from Peru and Bolivia were brought to Ecuador to prevent rebellion. Thus, the region of highland Ecuador became part of the 1736:, out of the liberated Spanish territory of New Granada which consisted of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. San Martín's plans were thwarted when Bolívar, descended from the Andes mountains and occupied Guayaquil; they also annexed the newly liberated Audiencia de Quito to the Republic of Gran Colombia. 2460:

are renewed by thirds every three years pursuant to the Judicial Code. These are elected by the Judicial Council on the basis of opposition proceedings and merits. The justice system is buttressed by the independent offices of public prosecutor and the public defender. Auxiliary organs are as follows:

11274:"Marcelo Veintimilla Macas on Instagram: "A 2 horas de Guayaquil se encuentra #Ancón, la tierra de Alberto Spencer. Entre 1911 y 1976 una compañía Inglesa se instaló en el lugar, dejando un legado de su cultura. Plasmado sobre todo en las casas del barrio ingles, que se ubica cerca de un acantilado."" 8969:

Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;

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was banned by the Spanish, and in order to preserve their work, many Inca poets had to resort to the use of the Latin alphabet to write in their native Quechua language. The history behind the Inca drama "Ollantay", the oldest literary piece in existence for any Amerindian language in America, shares

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to Ecuador started as early as 1875. Early impoverished migrants tended to work as independent sidewalk vendors, rather than as wage workers in agriculture or others' businesses. Though they emigrated to escape Ottoman Turkish religious oppression, they were called "Turks" by Ecuadorians because they

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The current structure of the Ecuadorian public health care system dates back to 1967. The Ministry of the Public Health (Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador) is the responsible entity of the regulation and creation of the public health policies and health care plans. The Minister of Public Health

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The overall trade balance for August 2012 was a surplus of almost $ 390 million for the first six months of 2012, a huge figure compared with that of 2007, which reached only $ 5.7 million; the surplus had risen by about $ 425 million compared to 2006. The oil trade balance positive had revenues of $

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The extreme poverty rate declined significantly between 1999 and 2010. In 2001, it was estimated at 40% of the population, while by 2011 the figure dropped to 17.4% of the total population. This is explained to an extent by emigration and the economic stability achieved after adopting the U.S. dollar

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of 1802, by which Peru claims the King of Spain had transferred these lands from the Viceroyalty of New Granada to the Viceroyalty of Peru. During colonial times this was to halt the ever-expanding Portuguese settlements into Spanish domains, which were left vacant and in disorder after the expulsion

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when the Republic of Gran Colombia was created. Tumbes declared itself independent from Spain on 17 January 1821, and Jaén de Bracamoros on 17 June 1821, without any outside help from revolutionary armies. However, that same year, Peruvian forces participating in the Trujillo revolution occupied both

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Britain's high commissioner in New Zealand continues to administer Pitcairn, and the other former British colonies remain members of the Commonwealth of Nations, recognizing the British Queen as their titular head of state and vesting certain residual powers in the British government or the Queen's

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The White Ecuadorians are a minority accounting for 6.1% of the population of Ecuador and can be found throughout all of Ecuador, primarily around the urban areas. Even though Ecuador's white population during its colonial era were mainly descendants from Spain, today Ecuador's white population is a

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Another major project is developing the road Manta – Tena, the highway Guayaquil – Salinas Highway Aloag Santo Domingo, Riobamba – Macas (which crosses Sangay National Park). Other new developments include the National Unity bridge complex in Guayaquil, the bridge over the Napo river in Francisco de

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The roads of Ecuador in recent years have undergone important improvement. The major routes are Pan American (under enhancement from four to six lanes from Rumichaca to Ambato, the conclusion of four lanes on the entire stretch of Ambato and Riobamba and running via Riobamba to Loja). In the absence

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The major areas of scientific research in Ecuador have been in the medical fields, tropical and infectious diseases treatments, agricultural engineering, pharmaceutical research, and bioengineering. Being a small country and a consumer of foreign technology, Ecuador has favored research supported by

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that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. The country is classified as an upper-middle-income country. Ecuador's economy is the eighth largest in Latin America and experienced an average growth of 4.6% between 2000 and 2006. From 2007 to 2012, Ecuador's GDP

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is led by the president. The president is accompanied by the vice-president, elected for four years (with the ability to be re-elected only once). As head of state and chief government official, he is responsible for public administration including the appointing of national coordinators, ministers,

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administration of Venezuela, a close ally of Correa. The relations with the United States improved significantly under Moreno. In June 2019, Ecuador agreed to allow US military planes to operate from an airport on the Galapagos Islands. In February 2020, his visit to Washington was the first meeting

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followed a military-civilian rebellion and a subsequent civic strike which successfully removed Carlos Arroyo del Río as a dictator from Ecuador's government. However, a post-Second World War recession and popular unrest led to a return to populist politics and domestic military interventions in the

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In 1941, amid fast-growing tensions within disputed territories around the Zarumilla River, war broke out with Peru. Peru claimed that Ecuador's military presence in Peruvian-claimed territory was an invasion; Ecuador, for its part, claimed that Peru had recently invaded Ecuador around the Zarumilla

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On 28 July 1821, Peruvian independence was proclaimed in Lima by San Martín, and Tumbes and Jaén, which were included as part of the revolution of Trujillo by the Peruvian occupying force, had the whole region swear allegiance to the new Peruvian flag and incorporated itself into Peru. Gran Colombia

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and the Emperor Huayna Capac, from a European disease that spread into Ecuador, created a power vacuum between two factions and led to a civil war. The army stationed north headed by Atahualpa marched south to Cuzco and massacred the royal family associated with his brother. In 1532, a small band of

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Even though their languages were unrelated, these groups developed similar groups of cultures, each based in different environments. The people of the coast combined agriculture with fishing, hunting, and gathering; the people of the highland Andes developed a sedentary agricultural way of life; and

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In the present taxonomic study of the Hippoboscidae, Oceania covers, rather arbitrarily, the many archipelagos and isolated islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean, from the Marianas and Caroline Islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia to the Hawaiian islands

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The Ecuadorian Constitution requires that all children attend school until they achieve a "basic level of education", which is estimated at nine school years. In 1996, the net primary enrollment rate was 96.9%, and 71.8% of children stayed in school until the fifth grade/age 10. The cost of primary

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The laws also forbid articles and media messages that could favor or disfavor some political message or candidate. In the first half of 2012, twenty private TV or radio stations were closed down. People engaging in public protests against environmental and other issues are prosecuted for "terrorism

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in the Legislative Palace, and consists of 137 assemblymen, divided into ten committees and elected for a four-year term. Fifteen national constituency elected assembly, two Assembly members elected from each province and one for every 100,000 inhabitants or fraction exceeding 150,000, according to

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The Central District of the Gran Colombia, known as Cundinamarca or New Granada (modern Colombia) with its capital in Bogota, did not recognize the separation of the Southern District of the Gran Colombia, with its capital in Quito, from the Gran Colombian federation on 13 May 1830. After Ecuador's

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Provision of public schools falls far below the levels needed, and class sizes are often very large, and families of limited means often find it necessary to pay for education. In rural areas, only 10% of the children go on to high school. In a 2015 report, The Ministry of Education states that in

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report was critical that there were scarce few prosecutions for human rights violations committed by security forces, and those only in police courts, which are not considered impartial or independent. There are allegations that the security forces routinely torture prisoners. There are reports of

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Ecuador's judiciary has as its main body the Judicial Council, and also includes the National Court of Justice, provincial courts, and lower courts. Legal representation is made by the Judicial Council. The National Court of Justice is composed of 21 judges elected for a term of nine years. Judges

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Ecuador during its long and turbulent history has lost most of its contested territories to each of its more powerful neighbors, such as Colombia in 1832 and 1916, Brazil in 1904 through a series of peaceful treaties, and Peru after a short war in which the Protocol of Rio de Janeiro was signed in

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became the first territory in Ecuador to gain its independence from Spain, and it spawned most of the Ecuadorian coastal provinces, establishing itself as an independent state. Its inhabitants celebrated what is now Ecuador's official Independence Day on 24 May 1822. The rest of Ecuador gained its

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following the arrival of Europeans in 1499. A lower number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in smaller numbers, Poles, Lithuanians, English, Irish, Croatians and some cases from Asia during and after the Second World War.

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include 11 national parks, 10 wildlife refuges, 9 ecological reserves, and other areas. A program begun in 2008, Sociobosque, is preserving another 2.3% of total land area (6,295 km, or 629,500 ha) by paying private landowners or community landowners (such as Amerindian tribes) incentives to

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On 21 July 1924, the Ponce-Castro Oyanguren Protocol was signed between Ecuador and Peru where both agreed to hold direct negotiations and to resolve the dispute in an equitable manner and to submit the differing points of the dispute to the United States for arbitration. Negotiations between the

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Community health care centers (Centros de Salud) are found inside metropolitan areas of cities and in rural areas. These are day hospitals that provide treatment to patients whose hospitalization is under 24 hours. The doctors assigned to rural communities, where the Amerindian population can be

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In 2022, the supreme court of Ecuador decided that "under no circumstances can a project be carried out that generates excessive sacrifices to the collective rights of communities and nature." It also required the government to respect the opinion of Indigenous peoples about different industrial

2219:(Alba) in August 2018. The Productive Development Act introduced an austerity policy, and reduced the previous development and redistribution policies. Regarding taxes, the authorities aimed to "encourage the return of investors" by granting amnesty to fraudsters and proposing measures to reduce 2151:

The emergence of the Amerindian population as an active constituency has added to the democratic volatility of the country in recent years. The population has been motivated by government failures to deliver on promises of land reform, lower unemployment and provision of social services, and the

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In the early part of the 20th century, Ecuador made an effort to peacefully define its eastern Amazonian borders with its neighbours through negotiation. On 6 May 1904, Ecuador signed the Tobar-Rio Branco Treaty recognizing Brazil's claims to the Amazon in recognition of Ecuador's claim to be an

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The public healthcare system should not be confused with the Ecuadorian Social Security healthcare service, which is dedicated to individuals with formal employment and who are affiliated obligatorily through their employers. Citizens with no formal employment may still contribute to the social

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have experienced a high increase in demand and have required modernization. In the case of Guayaquil it involved a new air terminal, once considered the best in South America and the best in Latin America and in Quito where an entire new airport has been built in Tababela and was inaugurated in

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Ecuador is a country with vast natural wealth. The diversity of its four regions has given rise to thousands of species of flora and fauna. It has approximately 1640 kinds of birds. The species of butterflies border 4,500, the reptiles 345, the amphibians 358, and the mammals 258, among others.

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In October 2021, Lasso declared a 60-day state of emergency to combat crime and drug-related violence, including the numerous bloody clashes between rival groups in the state prisons. Lasso proposed a series of constitutional changes to enhance his government's ability to respond to crime. In a

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Fruitless negotiations continued between the governments of Bogotá and Quito, where the government of Bogotá did not recognize the separation of Ecuador or that of Cauca from the Gran Colombia until war broke out in May 1832. In five months, New Granada defeated Ecuador due to the fact that the

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is a genre of indigenous Latin music. In Ecuador it is the "national genre of music". Through the years, many cultures have brought their influences together to create new types of music. There are also different kinds of traditional music like albazo, pasacalle, fox incaico, tonada, capishca,

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Due to the continuous border disputes with Peru, finally settled in the early 2000s, and due to the ongoing problem with the Colombian guerrilla insurgency infiltrating Amazonian provinces, the Ecuadorian Armed Forces has gone through a series of changes. In 2009, the new administration at the

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majority and, like its ancestry, is traditionally of Spanish heritage, influenced in different degrees by Amerindian traditions and in some cases by Spanish elements non-Europeans and Africans. The first and most substantial wave of modern immigration to Ecuador consisted of Spanish colonist,

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In the agricultural sector, Ecuador is a major exporter of bananas (first place worldwide in export), flowers, and the seventh largest producer of cocoa. Ecuador also produces coffee, rice, potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), plantains and sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork and dairy

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The Military Academy General Eloy Alfaro (c. 1838) located in Quito is in charge of graduating army officers. The Ecuadorian Navy Academy (c. 1837), located in Salinas graduates navy officers. The Air Academy "Cosme Rennella (c. 1920), also located in Salinas, graduates air force officers.

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tactics. As a result, Inca expansion into the Amazon Basin and the Pacific coast of Ecuador was hampered. The indigenous people of the Amazon jungle and coastal Ecuador remained relatively autonomous until the Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived in force. The Amazonian people and the

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In contrast, when the Incas made incursions into coastal Ecuador and the eastern Amazon jungles of Ecuador, they found both the environment and indigenous people more hostile. Moreover, when the Incas tried to subdue them, these indigenous people withdrew to the interior and resorted to

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for oil exports due to erosion near key pipelines (privately owned OCP pipeline and state-owned SOTE pipeline) in the Amazon. It lasted about three weeks, totalling just over $ 500 million economic losses, before their production returned to its normal level of 435,000 barrels per day

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operated in the Ecuadorian Amazon region between 1964 and 1992. During this period, Texaco drilled 339 wells in 15 petroleum fields and abandoned 627 toxic wastewater pits. It is now known that these highly polluting and now obsolete technologies were used as a way to reduce expenses.

2998:. Of this, 276,841 km (106,889 sq mi) is land and 6,720 km (2,595 sq mi) water. The total area, according to the Ecuadorian government's foreign ministry, is 256,370 km (98,985 sq mi). The Galápagos Islands are sometimes considered part of 3780:

of the section between Loja and the border with Peru, there are the Route Espondilus or Ruta del Sol (oriented to travel along the Ecuadorian coastline) and the Amazon backbone (which crosses from north to south along the Ecuadorian Amazon, linking most and more major cities of it).

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Jaén and Tumbes. Peruvian generals, without any legal titles backing them up and with Ecuador still federated with the Gran Colombia, had the desire to annex Ecuador to the Republic of Peru at the expense of the Gran Colombia, feeling that Ecuador was once part of the Inca Empire.

4324:

Between 2008 and 2016, new public hospitals have been built. In 2008, the government introduced universal and compulsory social security coverage. In 2015, corruption remains a problem. Overbilling is recorded in 20% of public establishments and in 80% of private establishments.

3420:

grew at an annual average of 4.3 percent, above the average for Latin America and the Caribbean, which was 3.5%, according to the United Nations' Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Ecuador was able to maintain relatively superior growth during the

8730:

It is clear that since World War II, Britain, in contrast to France and the United States (and one might say Chile and Ecuador, which hold, respectively, Easter Island and the Galapagos Islands), conceived of Oceania as a region of sovereign nations living in a spirit of

6162: 3325:

in the Galápagos. In addition to more than 16,000 species of plants, the country has 106 endemic reptiles, 138 endemic amphibians, and 6,000 species of butterfly. The Galápagos Islands are well known as a region of distinct fauna, as the famous place of birth to Darwin's

1898:

1960s, while foreign companies developed oil resources in the Ecuadorian Amazon. In 1972, construction of the Andean pipeline was completed. The pipeline brought oil from the east side of the Andes to the coast, making Ecuador South America's second largest oil exporter.

3622:, such as the Cajas Massif. Culturally, the Toquilla straw hat and the culture of the Zapara indigenous people are recognized. The most popular sites for national and foreign tourists have different nuances due to the various tourist activities offered by the country. 2078:

and founder of the Ecuadorian Roldosist Party). His government was committed to improving human rights protection and carried out some reforms, notably an opening of Ecuador to foreign trade. The Borja government negotiated the disbanding of the small terrorist group,

9521: 3454:

Oil accounts for 40% of exports and contributes to maintaining a positive trade balance. Since the late 1960s, the exploitation of oil increased production, and proven reserves are estimated at 6.51 billion barrels as of 2011. In late 2021, Ecuador had to declare a

1240:

In the highland Andes mountains, where life was more sedentary, groups of tribes cooperated and formed villages; thus the first nations based on agricultural resources and the domestication of animals formed. Eventually, through wars and marriage alliances of their

5008:. These policies resulted in the rapid and significant rise in the flow of returning nationals, most notably during the 2008 economic crisis that affected Europe and North America. In recent years, Ecuador has grown in popularity among North American expatriates. 2637:

prisoners having died while in police custody. Sometimes the legal process can be delayed until the suspect can be released after the time limit for detention without trial is exceeded. Prisons are overcrowded and conditions in detention centers are "abominable".

3847:, who are mixed race people of Amerindian and European descent, typically from Spanish colonists, in some cases this term can also include Amerindians that are culturally more Spanish influenced, and constitute about 71% of the population (although including the 3464:

3.295 million in 2008, while non-oil was negative, amounting to $ 2.842 million. The trade balance with the United States, Chile, the European Union, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, and Mexico is positive. The trade balance with Argentina, Colombia, and Asia is negative.

5178:

is diverse, varying with the altitude, associated agricultural conditions, and ethnic/racial communities. Most regions in Ecuador follow the traditional three-course meal of soup, a course that includes rice and a protein, and then dessert and coffee to finish.

3175:. This region is primarily made up of the huge Amazon national parks and Amerindian untouchable zones, which are vast stretches of land set aside for the Amazon Amerindian tribes to continue living traditionally. It is also the area with the largest reserves of 1549:

reduced the power of the clergy and the conservative land owners. This liberal wing retained power until the military "Julian Revolution" of 1925. The 1930s and 1940s were marked by instability and emergence of populist politicians, such as five-time President

4314:

security system voluntarily and have access to the medical services rendered by the social security system. The Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) has several major hospitals and medical sub-centers under its administration across the nation.

175: 173: 2046:

was elected president, garnering over one million votes, the most in Ecuadorian history. He took office on 10 August as the first constitutionally elected president, after nearly a decade of civilian and military dictatorships. In 1980, he founded the

1956:, and ultimately full-scale warfare in January 1995 where the Ecuadorian military shot down Peruvian aircraft and helicopters and Peruvian infantry marched into southern Ecuador. Each country blamed the other for the onset of hostilities, known as the 8615:

Oceania is primarily considered as the restricted region treated in this paper, but for comparative purposes, in the table only, it is also considered in a broad sense as including New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, the Antipodes, and

174: 172: 8576:

Easter Island on the east has been included on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart. The other islands of the eastern Pacific (Galapagos, Juan Fernandez, etc.) have sometimes been included in

1847:

Ecuadorian and Peruvian representatives began in Washington on 30 September 1935. The negotiations turned into arguments during the next 7 months and finally on 29 September 1937, the Peruvian representatives decided to break off the negotiations.

5222:- and peanut-based dishes are quite frequent in the coastal region reflecting the West African roots of many of its citizens. Encocados (dishes that contain a coconut sauce) are also very popular in the northern coast centering around the city of 4922:

experienced of wave of immigration from the UK starting in 1911, when the Government of Ecuador conceded 98 mines, occupying an area of 38,842 hectares, to the British oil company Anglo Ecuadorian Oilfields. Today, the Anglo American Oilfields or

3434:

was prone to rampant inflation). However, starting in 2008, with the bad economic performance of the nations where most Ecuadorian emigrants work, the reduction of poverty has been realized through social spending, mainly in education and health.

1760:, who was born in Ecuador, believing his opportunity had come to annex the District of Ecuador to Peru, personally, with a Peruvian force, invaded and occupied Guayaquil and a few cities in the Loja region of southern Ecuador on 28 November 1828. 4287:

The philosophy of the Ministry of Public Health is the social support and service to the most vulnerable population, and its main plan of action lies around communitarian health and preventive medicine. Many American medical groups often conduct

2024:, who was declared chairman of the Supreme Council. The Supreme Council included two other members: General Guillermo Durán Arcentales and General Luis Pintado. The civil society more and more insistently called for democratic elections. Colonel 11692: 9472: 3615:

Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the planet's highest biodiversity is concentrated, being also the largest country with diversity per km2 in the world. Most of its fauna and flora live in 26 protected areas by the state.

2739:

Regionalization, or zoning, is the union of two or more adjoining provinces in order to decentralize the administrative functions of the capital, Quito. In Ecuador, there are seven regions, or zones, each shaped by the following provinces:

1878:, almost cutting all supplies to the Ecuadorian troops. After a few weeks of war and under pressure by the United States and several Latin American nations, all fighting came to a stop. Ecuador and Peru came to an accord formalized in the 6601:"The Prehistoric Culture of Ecuador: Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: The Valdivia and Machalilla Phases . Betty J. Meggers, Clifford Evans, and Emilio Estrada. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1965. 452 pp., $ 6.75" 2278:, who was supported by exiled former president Correa. Lasso had finished second in the 2013 and 2017 presidential elections. On 24 May 2021, Lasso was sworn in, becoming the country's first right-wing leader in 14 years. Lasso's party 3379:

has led to the release of billions of gallons of untreated wastes, gas, and crude oil into the environment, contaminating ecosystems and causing detrimental health effects to Amerindian peoples. One of the best known examples is the

2282:

Movement, and its ally the Social Christian Party (PSC) won only 31 parliamentary seats out of 137, while Aráuz's Union for Hope (UNES) won 49 seats, which meant Lasso needed support from the Izquierda Democrática and the indigenist

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contracted by prior corrupt and despotic regimes. He announced that the country would default on over $ 3 billion worth of bonds, and he succeeded in reducing the price of outstanding bonds by more than 60% by fighting creditors in

4030:

Most Ecuadorians speak Spanish as their first language, with its ubiquity permeating and dominating most of the country. Despite its small size, the country has a marked diversity in Spanish accents that vary widely among regions.

2019:

and executed by navy commander Jorge Queirolo G. The new president exiled José María Velasco to Argentina. He remained in power until 1976, when he was removed by another military government. That military junta was led by Admiral

4244:

in Germany in 1933, with 3,000 Jews in Ecuador in 1940. At its peak, in 1950, the Jewish population of Ecuador was estimated at 4,000, but then diminished to some 290 around 2020, forming one of the smallest Jewish communities in

9108: 2028:, Government Minister, proposed and implemented a Plan to return to the constitutional system through universal elections. This plan enabled the new democratically elected president to assume the duties of the executive office. 10176: 2557:. Ecuador has often placed great emphasis on multilateral approaches to international issues. Ecuador is a member of the United Nations (and most of its specialized agencies) and a member of many regional groups, including the 9517: 1756:

had always protested Peru for the return of Jaén and Tumbes for almost a decade, then finally Bolivar after long and futile discussion over the return of Jaén, Tumbes, and part of Mainas, declared war. President and General

4984:

refugees. Colombians have historically found refuge in its neighboring country during times of civil unrest. Recently, Venezuelans have become a notable presence in Ecuadorian cities as many flee the economic and political

3358:

As of the writing of the plan in 2008, 19% of Ecuador's land area was in a protected area; however, the plan also states that 32% of the land must be protected in order to truly preserve the nation's biodiversity. Current

6409: 3281:

The country has seen its seven glaciers lose 54.4% of their surface in forty years. Research predicts their disappearance by 2100. The cause is climate change, which threatens both the fauna and flora and the population.

2385:

meets throughout the year except for recesses in July and December. There are thirteen permanent committees. Members of the National Court of Justice are appointed by the National Judicial Council for nine-year terms.

4310:

substantial, have small clinics under their responsibility for the treatment of patients in the same fashion as the day hospitals in the major cities. The treatment in this case respects the culture of the community.

3855:

result of a mixture of European immigrants, predominantly from Spain with people from Italy, Germany, France, and Switzerland who have settled in the early 20th century. In addition, there is a small European Jewish (

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and other multilateral agencies. In April 2007, Ecuador paid off its debt to the IMF. The public finance of Ecuador consists of the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE), the National Development Bank (BNF), the State Bank.

11750: 10008: 1951:

region in southern Ecuador. This caused a long-simmering dispute between Ecuador and Peru, which ultimately led to fighting between the two countries; first a border skirmish in January–February 1981 known as the

5320:, an Amerindian chief of a northern village in today's Ibarra, born in the late 1600s. Despite the early repression and discrimination of the native people by the Spanish, Collahuazo learned to read and write in 9906: 8628:

Eckert, Scott A.; Alvarado, Javier; Balazs, George H.; Byles, Richard; C. Craig, Peter; Dutton, Peter Howard; L. Eckert, Karen; Engbring, John; Maragos, James E.; Pultz, Susan; Richardson, James Ingram (1998).

5054:

Ecuador's Amerindian communities are integrated into the mainstream culture to varying degrees, but some may also practice their own native cultures, particularly the more remote Amerindian communities of the

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and recommended that Ecuador should stop the criminal sanctions for the expression of opinions, and delay in implementing judicial reforms. Ecuador rejected the recommendation on decriminalization of libel.

3866:

Ecuador also has a small population of Asian origins, mainly those from West Asia, like the economically well off descendants of Lebanese and Palestinian immigrants, who are either Christian or Muslim (see

7055:"Uppsala Conflict Data Program – Conflict Encyclopedia, General Conflict Information, Conflict name: Ecuador – Peru, In depth, Background to the 1995 fighting and Ecuador and Peru engage in armed conflict" 5705: 8069: 171: 8299: 5679: 1038:, between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, the country's 11689: 11378: 9468: 2416:

ministers of State and public servants. The executive branch defines foreign policy, appoints the Chancellor of the Republic, as well as ambassadors and consuls, being the ultimate authority over the

4249:. Nevertheless, this number is declining because young people leave the country for the United States or Israel. Today, the Jewish Community of Ecuador (Comunidad Judía del Ecuador) has its seat in 3618:

The country has two cities with UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Quito and Cuenca, as well as two natural UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Galapagos Islands and Sangay National Park, in addition to one

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Orellana, the Esmeraldas River Bridge in the city of the same name, and, perhaps the most remarkable of all, the Bahia – San Vincente Bridge, being the largest on the Latin American Pacific coast.

8800:

Carvajal, Ana María (10 de enero de 2019). «Quito se convirtió en la ciudad más poblada del Ecuador con más de 3 millones de habitantes en el 2018». El Comercio. Consultado el 11 de enero de 2019.

9604: 8760: 7323: 7119: 3278:

Because of its location at the equator, Ecuador experiences little variation in daylight hours during the course of a year. Both sunrise and sunset occur each day at the two six o'clock hours.

2130: 7730: 14010: 9634: 2247:. The government eventually returned to Quito in 2019. On 14 October 2019, the government restored fuel subsidies and withdrew an austerity package, which ended nearly two weeks of protests. 8049: 7211: 6765:

Sandoval, José R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Jota, Marilza M. S.; Robles-Ruiz, Paulo; Danos, Pierina; Paz-y-Miño, César; Wells, Spencer; Santos, Fabrício R.; Fujita, Ricardo (10 September 2020).

13030: 10614: 8649:

Foraging hawksbills have been reported from virtually all of the island groups of Oceania, from the Galapagos Islands in the eastern Pacific to the Republic of Palau in the western Pacific.

8636: 7614: 14005: 10672: 10429: 10399: 7454: 5271:, de rigueur in mostly indigenous communities, reflects the predominantly native character of the highlands. Considered a delicacy it is often characterized as having a mild pork flavor. 3025:

in the north (with a 590 km (367 mi) border) and Peru in the east and south (with a 1,420 km (882 mi) border). It is the westernmost country that lies on the equator.

2566: 9405: 9078: 12719: 9100: 7150: 10280: 7813: 7791: 169: 11720: 10180: 7532: 13636: 9658: 4931:

is one famed Briton that hailed from Ancon. The town has now become an attraction due to the austere British homes in "El Barrio Ingles" situated in a contrasting tropical setting.

2223:. In addition, the government waived the right to tax increases in raw material prices and foreign exchange repatriations. In October 2018, Moreno cut diplomatic relations with the 11019: 1379:

called for independence from Spain (first among the peoples of Latin America). They were led by Juan Pío Montúfar, Quiroga, Salinas, and Bishop Cuero y Caicedo. Quito's nickname, "

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elected in 2007, and was approved by referendum in 2008. Since 1936, voting is compulsory for all literate persons aged 18–65, optional for all other citizens over the age of 16.

10980: 6397: 11518: 11251: 10119: 8252: 4295:

The public healthcare system allows patients to be treated without an appointment in public general hospitals by general practitioners and specialists in the outpatient clinic (

2550:, the country returned to OPEC before leaving again in 2020 under the instruction of President Moreno, citing its desire to increase crude oil exportation to gain more revenue. 3871:), and an East Asian community mainly consisting of those of Japanese and Chinese descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century. 10537: 8823: 7866: 7835: 3995:(Quechua) and other pre-colonial American languages were spoken by 2,500,000. Ethnologues estimate that the country has about 24 living indigenous languages. Among the 24 are 1991:

peace agreement on 26 October 1998, which ended hostilities, and effectively put an end to the Western Hemisphere's longest running territorial dispute. The Guarantors of the

11180: 8518: 8347: 7910: 5256:, is served with "yogur persa" and is often eaten as a snack in many coastal cities. Its origin comes from the Persian and Middle Eastern populations that settled the coast. 14191: 11431: 10451: 5497:

from expressionism and figurative style and Luis Burgos Flor with his abstract, futuristic style. The Amerindian people of Tigua, Ecuador, are also world-renowned for their

3508: 10228: 8809:«Quito es ahora la ciudad más poblada de Ecuador». El Telégrafo. 12 de enero de 2019. Archivado desde el original el 27 de marzo de 2019. Consultado el 12 de enero de 2019. 4927:

is the world's largest producer of platinum, with around 40% of world output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore and steelmaking coal.

14061: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14000: 11742: 10318: 8401: 10790: 8086: 11202: 10957: 10639: 7967: 8717: 7054: 6577: 5059:. Spanish is spoken as the first language by more than 90% of the population and as a first or second language by more than 98%. Part of Ecuador's population can speak 3225:(6,268 m, or 20,560 ft, above sea level), Ecuador's tallest mountain, is the most distant point from the center of the Earth on the Earth's surface because of the 1728:

wished to liberate present-day Ecuador and add it to the future republic of Peru, since it had been part of the Inca Empire before the Spaniards conquered it. However,

170: 10754: 9903: 7558: 6233: 10732: 1305:

promised to release Atahualpa if he made good his promise of filling a room full of gold. But, after a mock trial, the Spaniards executed Atahualpa by strangulation.

13422: 13023: 11154: 9241: 2284: 1894: 1589: 4867:

In the early years of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants, and in 1939, when several South American countries refused to accept 165

14066: 11996: 11348: 10287: 10258: 10088: 4042: 2815: 629: 9957: 2171:

gained the presidency. In January 2007, several left-wing political leaders of Latin America, his future allies, attended his swearing-in ceremony. Endorsed in a

13631: 11111: 10206: 10149: 6983: 1027: 11794: 8066: 7637: 8291: 7761: 4989:. Authorities argue that an estimated 350,000 to 400,000 Colombians live in Ecuador, porous borders and lack of formal registration disallow concrete numbers. 3776:

The rehabilitation and reopening of the Ecuadorian railroad and use of it as a tourist attraction is one of the recent developments in transportation matters.

2056: 1791:

voluntarily decided to unite itself with Ecuador due to instability in the central government of Bogota. The Venezuelan born President of Ecuador, the general

5892: 12897: 11370: 9987: 7403: 3991:

Spanish is the official language in Ecuador. It is spoken as a first (93%) or second language (6%) by the vast majority of its population. In 1991 Northern

13870: 13697: 13439: 13016: 12710: 10498: 8487: 6551: 6488: 6466: 6048: 5921: 2505: 2485: 9731: 9709: 9179: 7488:

In August 2018, Ecuador withdrew from Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (Alba), a regional bloc of leftwing governments led by Venezuela.

6339: 14216: 14211: 14206: 9380: 8417: 8321: 7241: 4318: 2275: 1281:

of Coastal Ecuador were the only groups to resist both Inca and Spanish domination, maintaining their languages and cultures well into the 21st century.

11772: 9596: 8118: 3550:, born in 1747 in Quito. Among other notable Ecuadorian scientists and engineers are Lieutenant Jose Rodriguez Labandera, a pioneer who built the first 8744: 7180: 3841:

Ecuador's population is ethnically diverse and the 2021 estimates put Ecuador's population at 17,797,737. The largest ethnic group (as of 2010) is the

11409: 8231: 7271: 7111: 3371:

Despite being on the UNESCO list, the Galápagos are endangered by a range of negative environmental effects, threatening the existence of this exotic

9500: 7722: 3798: 1964:, the Ecuadorian president, famously declared that he would not give up a single centimeter of Ecuador. Popular sentiment in Ecuador became strongly 1696:. In addition, Ecuador's eastern border with the Portuguese colony of Brazil in the Amazon Basin was modified before the Wars of Independence by the 9626: 7381: 4302:

Although well-equipped general hospitals are found in the major cities or capitals of provinces, there are basic hospitals in the smaller towns and

3179:

in Ecuador, and parts of the upper Amazon here have been extensively exploited by petroleum companies. The population is primarily mixed Amerindian

2685:

expressed concerns about the dire situation in various detention centers and prisons, and the human rights of those deprived of liberty in Ecuador.

1014:

whose economy is highly dependent on exports of commodities, primarily petroleum and agricultural products. The country is a founding member of the

10472: 8046: 7888: 7203: 4351:

and secondary education is borne by the government, but families often face significant additional expenses such as fees and transportation costs.

2362:

Ecuador is governed by a democratically elected president for a four-year term. The president of Ecuador exercises his power from the presidential

615: 9810: 992:

descendants. Spanish is the official language spoken by a majority of the population, although 13 native languages are also recognized, including

13863: 10426: 10392: 8630: 8439: 7606: 7088: 4214: 2381:

The executive branch includes 23 ministries. Provincial governors and councilors (mayors, aldermen, and parish boards) are directly elected. The

1477:

The 19th century was marked by instability for Ecuador with a rapid succession of rulers. The first president of Ecuador was the Venezuelan-born

10676: 9402: 7451: 6266: 5974: 1684:

claims on the Real Cedulas of 1563, 1739, and 1740; with modifications in the Amazon Basin and Andes Mountains that were introduced through the

1150: 13692: 13687: 11647: 10370: 9543: 9070: 8465: 6375: 6026: 3877:

account for 7% of the current population. The mostly rural Montubio population of the coastal provinces of Ecuador, who might be classified as

9316: 7142: 13415: 10046: 7783: 7351: 2543: 2087:. However, continuing economic problems undermined the popularity of the ID party, and opposition parties gained control of Congress in 1999. 1995:(Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and the United States of America) ruled that the border of the undelineated zone was to be set at the line of the 1582: 737: 11709: 11051: 10923: 10857: 9210: 8862: 6288: 5792: 1333:, endemic to the Europeans, caused high fatalities among the Amerindian population during the first decades of Spanish rule, as they had no 1057:. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable 14196: 13641: 12857: 11277: 8916: 8201: 7528: 6200: 3213:

in the Sierra region. It is the second-highest capital city with an elevation of 2,850 meters. Ecuador's largest city is Guayaquil, in the

792: 11081: 10567: 9655: 13661: 13377: 12148: 12133: 11614: 11026: 8144: 1618: 1599: 1563: 13008: 10588: 9573: 9447: 9426: 9038: 8551: 8373: 7428: 6957: 6507: 6438: 972:

in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.8 million people being

11228: 9931: 9683: 9340: 7005: 6628: 4150:

According to the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census, 91.95% of the country's population have a religion, 7.94% are

2603:, aiming to promote the universal recognition and protection of the human rights of migrants. In March 2019, Ecuador withdrew from the 2451:

the latest national population census. In addition, statute determines the election of assembly of regions and metropolitan districts.

574: 12017: 11514: 11243: 10127: 5833: 5558:

from Cuenca. Currently the most successful football team in Ecuador is LDU Quito, and it is the only Ecuadorian team that has won the

4613: 3117:. This land contains most of Ecuador's volcanoes and all of its snow-capped peaks. Agriculture is focused on the traditional crops of 2243:

adopted by Moreno. On 10 October, protesters overran Quito, the capital, causing the Government of Ecuador to relocate temporarily to

13656: 12890: 8671: 8599: 2939:

Defense Ministry launched a deep restructuring within the forces, increasing spending budget to $ 1,691,776,803, an increase of 25%.

2292: 2172: 1373:

After nearly 300 years of Spanish rule, Quito still remained small with a population of 10,000 people. On 10 August 1809, the city's

685: 10698: 10529: 8819: 7858: 7831: 7584: 7301: 5441:(Quito School), which developed from the 16th to 18th centuries, examples of which are on display in various old churches in Quito. 5415: 2526: 13408: 12703: 12079: 11176: 9861: 9295: 8502: 8351: 7936: 7902: 7700: 7670: 7506: 6004: 2596: 2476:

occur. Its main functions are to organize, control elections, and punish the infringement of electoral rules. Its main body is the

1575: 1143: 11940:

In the Shadows of State and Capital: The United Fruit Company, Popular Struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador – 1900–1995

10448: 8972:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 8024: 6909: 5855: 4389:(387,309 inhabitants). The most populated metropolitan areas of the country are those of Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Manabí Centro ( 3603: 13839: 10896: 7475: 1035: 10310: 8890: 8398: 8093: 7470:"Unemployment hit a record low of 4.1 percent at the end of last year. Poverty's down about 27 percent since he took office". – 6658: 5105:

and Rockola are clear examples of the influence of foreign cultures. One of the most traditional forms of dancing in Ecuador is

1835:

Peru began occupying the missionary villages in the Mainas or Maynas region, which it began calling Loreto, with its capital in

12500: 11206: 10794: 5569: 5519: 4217:

accounts for about 1.4% of the population, or 211,165 members at the end of 2012. According to their sources there were 92,752

3290: 2570: 10949: 10643: 9469:"New Paper Examines Ecuador's Success in Emerging from Economic Recession; Reducing Poverty and Unemployment – Press Releases" 8635:. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 7. 7959: 7058: 6101: 4938:

were the third largest national group in terms of numbers of immigrants. It can be noted that, after World War I, people from

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languages; in some cases, they are used as a second language. Two percent of the population speak only Amerindian languages.

3259:

There is great variety in the climate, largely determined by altitude. It is mild year-round in the mountain valleys, with a

2935:

and have the stated responsibility for the preservation of the integrity and national sovereignty of the national territory.

2055:(Popular Forces Concentration). He governed until 24 May 1981, when he died, along with his wife and the minister of defense 2037: 1721: 1313: 13110: 11488: 10762: 10724: 9789: 8269: 7554: 6222: 5948: 3275:

and relatively dry, and the Amazon basin on the eastern side of the mountains shares the climate of other rainforest zones.

2070:

of the Democratic Left (Izquierda Democrática, or ID) party won the presidency in 1988, winning the runoff election against

13806: 13666: 12883: 12398: 6229: 3794: 3318:

in the world according to Conservation International, and it has the most biodiversity per square kilometer of any nation.

2477: 2216: 2193: 1513:

unified the country in the 1860s with the support of the Roman Catholic Church. In the late 19th century, world demand for

961: 11557:

Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Robalino-Vallejo, Jessica; Buzetta-Ricaurte, María Fernanda; Rojas-Le-Fort, Marlene (12 May 2022).

11134: 9448:

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, CEPAL, Bases de Datos y Publicaciones Estadísticas "Tasa de desempleo"

9233: 8957: 7989: 6713: 4184:. Most festivals and annual parades are based on religious celebrations, many incorporating a mixture of rites and icons. 1870:, Peru gained control over part of the disputed territory and some parts of the province of El Oro, and some parts of the 1774: 1517:

tied the economy to commodity exports and led to migrations from the highlands to the agricultural frontier on the coast.

14176: 13834: 13816: 13702: 12696: 9359: 6529: 5126: 3619: 2640: 208: 11340: 10096: 4035:

idiosyncrasies reflect the ethnic and racial populations that originated and settled the distinct areas of the country.

3006:

country under certain definitions. Ecuador is bigger than Uruguay, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana in South America.

2016: 14186: 13651: 13142: 12199: 12194: 12182: 12165: 12155: 12138: 9953: 9833: 3874: 3003: 718: 10202: 10153: 1093:. Quito, which remained the capital of the department and republic, is located only about 40 kilometers (25 mi), 186: 14086: 13315: 12650: 12324: 12204: 12092: 11786: 11544: 11465: 11103: 8941: 8754: 8711: 8512: 5685: 5619: 5372:, famous for his work "Cumanda" or "Tragedy among Savages" and the Ecuadorian National Anthem; Juan A. Martinez with 4191: 3421: 3360: 2395: 2164: 1743:. In Ecuador's southern Andes Mountain region where the Marañon cuts across, Ecuador had claims to an area it called 12241: 7753: 6979: 3191:, although there are numerous tribes in the deep jungle which are little-contacted. The largest city in the Oriente 1470:. In 1830, Ecuador separated from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic. Two years later, it annexed the 14181: 13586: 13095: 10340: 9765: 5881: 4027:(spoken by the Waorani). Use of these Amerindian languages is gradually diminishing and being replaced by Spanish. 3524: 3365: 2599:

lauded Ecuador as the first state to have established the promotion of the concept of universal citizenship in its

2322: 2303: 2267: 10281:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 9979: 2295:

in February 2023, voters overwhelmingly rejected his proposed changes, which weakened Lasso's political standing.

1678:, that delineated the borders of Spain's former overseas colonies. In the case of Ecuador, Flores based Ecuador's 1210:

peoples of the Amazon basin relied on hunting and gathering; in some cases, this is combined with agriculture and

1130: 13886: 13431: 10982:

Libraries, Telecentres, Cybercafes and Public Access to ICT: International Comparisons: International Comparisons

3496: 2604: 2375: 1874:, demanding that the Ecuadorian government give up its territorial claims. The Peruvian Navy blocked the port of 1747:. These areas were included as part of the territory of Gran Colombia by Bolivar on 17 December 1819, during the 1628: 1252:

arrived, they found that these confederations were so developed that it took the Incas two generations of rulers—

1019: 371: 10494: 8425: 5917: 5188:

being an integral part of the diet. Beef is also notably consumed in the coastal region, traditional dishes are

2553:

Ecuador has maintained a research station in Antarctica for peaceful scientific study as a member nation of the

13745: 12299: 12127: 12118: 9739: 9171: 5573: 5498: 4261:. This community works independently from the "Jewish Community of Ecuador" and is composed of only 30 people. 4225: 3385: 2811: 2562: 1823:

South America (1879): All land claims by Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia in 1879

1551: 1398: 666: 471: 11764: 10311:"Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC – Data from the national census 2010 (2011-09-02)" 9376: 7407: 7233: 6743: 4306:

cities for family care consultation and treatments in pediatrics, gynecology, clinical medicine, and surgery.

3298:

in the world, it also has the most biodiversity per square kilometer of any nation, and is one of the highest

12594: 12589: 12480: 12408: 12214: 12175: 8325: 8122: 6504:"Oficialmente Ecuador es el país de las orquídeas- Noticias de Cuenca – Azuay – Ecuador – Eltiempo de Cuenca" 5407:, translated to many languages); the short story author Pablo Palacio; and the novelist Alicia Yanez Cossio. 5076: 4992:

From 2007, the Ecuador government created multiple initiatives to attract Ecuadorians abroad mostly from the

3825: 1804: 1697: 1521: 1120: 981: 953: 879: 315: 297: 11988: 9271: 8223: 7172: 2837: 13771: 13723: 12862: 12453: 12375: 12365: 12339: 12319: 12072: 11808:

Colloredo-Mansfeld, Rudi (21 March 2011). "Space, line and story in the invention of an Andean aesthetic".

11401: 9497: 7263: 4355:

2014 the mean number of school years completed in rural areas is 7.39 as compared to 10.86 in urban areas.

4303: 3555: 3321:

Ecuador has 1,600 bird species (15% of the world's known bird species) in the continental area and 38 more

2994:

According to the CIA, Ecuador has a total area of 283,571 km (109,487 sq mi), including the

2600: 2521: 2481: 2443: 2382: 2371: 2176: 860: 855: 845: 546: 7373: 89: 14127: 14107: 13671: 13372: 13182: 13038: 12906: 12514: 12463: 12390: 12385: 12187: 12011: 6405: 6170: 6131: 6072: 5136: 3559: 3504: 3484: 3348: 3210: 2574: 2437: 2250: 2203:'s four years as president (2017–21). After being elected in 2017, President Moreno's government adopted 1910: 1867: 1486: 464: 382: 10468: 4964:

countries due to civil wars, economic crises, and dictatorships. The most notable are those coming from

3438: 14056: 14015: 13995: 12609: 12314: 12309: 12160: 12143: 9806: 6654: 5547: 4950:

of 1921 that restricted immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans as well as other "undesirables".

4159: 3233:

watershed, which runs to the east, and the Pacific, including the north–south rivers Mataje, Santiago,

2421: 2279: 1827:

When Ecuador seceded from the Gran Colombia, Peru contested Ecuador's claims with the newly discovered

1688:(1829) which Peru reluctantly signed, after the overwhelmingly outnumbered Gran Colombian force led by 1674:, also referred to as the Presidencia of Quito. He supported his claims with Spanish Royal decrees, or 1623: 1540: 1386: 1356: 1198:, around 16,500–13,000 years ago. The first people who reached Ecuador may have journeyed by land from 819: 533: 359: 17: 8443: 7080: 5970: 5945:"Tratado de paz y amistad celebrado entre España y la República del Ecuador: en 16 de febrero de 1840" 3035:, or "the coast": The coastal region consists of the provinces to the west of the Andean range – 2847: 2196:

in June 2009. Correa's administration reduced the high levels of poverty and unemployment in Ecuador.

14171: 14076: 13894: 13192: 12415: 12334: 12289: 10831: 10600:

Larrea, Julio. "25 Años de Vida Institucional", Imprenta del Ministerio de Salud Publica, Quito 2008.

10366: 9547: 8292:"Ecuador: UN torture prevention body remains seriously concerned by prison crisis after second visit" 6258: 4444: 4428: 4364: 3260: 3172: 2099: 1988: 1655: 1455: 444: 11639: 10074: 6371: 5348:, born in Riobamba in 1727. Famous authors from the late colonial and early republic period include 12284: 12251: 12037: 12023: 9312: 9048: 7499:"Équateur : Lenín Moreno et le néolibéralisme par surprise – Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières" 7341: 5565: 5543: 4339: 3646: 3492: 3152: 2714: 2314: 2232: 1524: 1363: 1004: 898: 31: 10022: 6767:"Tracing the genetic history of the 'Cañaris' from Ecuador and Peru using uniparental DNA markers" 3085:, or "the highlands": The sierra consists of the Andean and Interandean highland provinces – 2080: 2043: 1768: 1689: 1510: 1439: 1408: 13811: 13707: 12556: 12531: 12490: 12446: 12380: 12263: 12231: 12113: 12065: 11055: 10935: 10865: 8869: 8195: 6303: 5788: 5551: 5210:

is an indispensable coastal dish with pre-incan origins. It is often served with fried plantain (

4851: 4382: 4198: 3815: 3543: 3539: 1961: 1725: 1671: 1638: 1633: 1423: 1348: 1322: 1090: 770: 643: 592: 95: 11273: 11077: 9202: 8912: 6196: 4275: 2988: 2464:, court auctioneers, and court receivers. Also there is a special legal regime for Amerindians. 2199:

Correa's three consecutive terms (from 2007 to 2017) were followed by his former Vice President

1506: 1498: 13712: 13177: 13135: 12304: 10563: 10559: 7859:"Noboa, 35, to become Ecuador's next president following election dominated by spiraling crime" 5542:

from Guayaquil, the most popular team in Ecuador, also the team with most local championships;

5353: 5312:

Early literature in colonial Ecuador, as in the rest of Spanish America, was influenced by the

4608: 4530: 4525: 4218: 4170: 3885: 3715: 3665: 3638: 3303: 2616: 2484:

most voted, enjoying complete financial and administrative autonomy. This body, along with the

2412: 2067: 1613: 1490: 1367: 693: 637: 12688: 11606: 4864:

descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century.

3654: 3608: 3542:

in 2023. The most notable icons in Ecuadorian sciences are the mathematician and cartographer

3075:

crop is grown. The truly coastal provinces have active fisheries. The largest coastal city is

2732: 2681:, restrictions on the media and civil society have decreased since 2017. In October 2022, the 2063: 450: 13844: 13576: 13085: 13047: 12624: 12108: 9569: 9422: 8466:"Bienvenidos al Ecuador – Geografía – Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana" 8377: 6431: 5555: 5530:, as in most South American countries, is soccer. Its best known professional teams include; 5388: 5384: 5337: 5072: 4884: 3830: 3751: 3315: 3295: 2789: 2785: 2745: 2727: 2667: 2644: 2633: 2425: 2404: 2363: 2008: 1748: 1046: 13356: 13346: 13172: 12001: 9923: 9675: 9337: 8849: 7009: 6910:"Under the Southern Cross: Stories around Humboldt and Bonpland's trip to the New Continent" 6600: 5825: 5450: 5043: 4515: 3168: 2833: 1739:

In the south, Ecuador had claims to a small piece of land beside the Pacific Ocean known as

1502: 13821: 12541: 12495: 12403: 12370: 12329: 12272: 10791:"Still in its infancy, Ecuador's free health care has growing pains | Special Reports" 8983: 8632:

Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys Imbricata)

6062: 5611: 5466: 4731: 4726: 4449: 4433: 4334: 3907: 3771: 3642: 3634: 3535: 3443: 3222: 3056: 2952: 2928: 2912: 2821: 2767: 2704: 2694: 2493: 2473: 2212: 2137: 2118: 1419: 1139: 1031: 803: 561: 429: 8852:, Objective 4, Diagnostic, Section "La Biodiversidad y Patrimonio Natural", 2008 (Spanish) 8662: 8590: 5419:

Ecuador has a wide repertoire of colonial art in the country and other museums, like this

4765: 4629: 4210: 3630: 3352: 3344: 3202: 3044: 2995: 2829: 2140:

on 13 April 2000 as its national currency and on 11 September, the country eliminated the

1906: 1782:

in 1824 (named in its time as Colombia), the Gran Colombia covered all the colored region.

1567: 1054: 934: 75: 8: 13596: 13451: 13320: 13055: 12845: 12604: 12551: 12458: 12353: 12246: 11556: 10835: 10702: 9172:"How the Environmental Lawyer Who Won a Massive Judgment Against Chevron Lost Everything" 7580: 7293: 5442: 5380: 5223: 4947: 4833: 4647: 4595: 4590: 4506: 4064: 3719: 3650: 3546:, born in Riobamba in 1707, and the printer, independence precursor, and medical pioneer 3483:

Ecuador has negotiated bilateral treaties with other countries, besides belonging to the

3447: 3381: 3327: 3114: 3098: 3036: 2920: 2903: 2797: 2417: 2334: 2204: 2189: 1788: 1685: 1443: 1352: 1298: 1195: 1007: 937:

in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's

407: 13400: 11714: 9858: 9292: 8987: 7932: 7832:""El partido del presidente Lasso ha tenido un desempeño muy deficiente", dice analista" 7692: 7662: 7498: 6432:"Decade of Reform: Ecuador's Macroeconomic Policies, Institutional Changes, and Results" 6123: 5996: 5482: 5428: 4472: 3859:) population, which is based mainly in Quito and to a lesser extent in Guayaquil. 5,000 3407: 2472:

The electoral system functions by authorities which enter only every four years or when

1792: 1667: 1478: 14201: 13801: 13766: 13738: 13511: 12643: 12619: 12579: 12566: 12485: 12441: 12429: 12294: 12100: 12006: 11825: 11588: 11492: 10062: 9014: 8971: 8016: 7882: 7346: 6924: 6795: 6766: 6571: 6467:"South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity" 6067: 5859: 5750: 5711: 5626: 5490: 5357: 5317: 5313: 5287: 5219: 5215: 5175: 5017: 4924: 4490: 4032: 3947: 3834: 3587: 3416: 3402: 3254: 3110: 3014: 3010: 2793: 2698: 2656: 2145: 1932: 1729: 1482: 1451: 1427: 1334: 1253: 1222: 1159: 1116: 1082: 1011: 993: 11933:

Crude Chronicles: Indigenous Politics, Multinational Oil, and Neoliberalism in Ecuador

10888: 5437: 5263:(guinea pig) are popular and are served with a variety of grains (especially rice and 4817: 4681: 4462: 3048: 2807: 2153: 2126: 1666:

After Ecuador's separation from Colombia on 13 May 1830, its first President, General

1155: 14071: 14051: 13791: 13128: 13040:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

12574: 12546: 12475: 12170: 11829: 11592: 11580: 11540: 11222: 10986: 10839: 10036: 9153: 9019: 9001: 8886: 8750: 8707: 8508: 8481: 8350:. Ministry of Production, Employment and Competitiveness Coordination. Archived from 6800: 6705: 6650: 6620: 6545: 6482: 6329:"Chicham atiakur metek atin turakur, pénke takakainiachu tuke enentaimtusartiniaitji" 6042: 5560: 5531: 5325: 5243: 5005: 4986: 4899: 4663: 4561: 4270: 4020: 3821: 3692: 3160: 3148: 3102: 3064: 3059:. It is the country's most fertile and productive land, and is the seat of the large 3017:, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and has 2,337 km (1,452 mi) of 2958: 2825: 2801: 2775: 2753: 2554: 2025: 1968:

against Peru: graffiti could be seen on the walls of Quito referring to Peru as the "

1953: 1705: 1471: 327: 293: 11054:. (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Archived from 9148: 9131: 5470: 5462: 5192:

and arroz con menestra y carne asada (rice with beans and grilled beef) served with

4919: 4710: 4228:

goes back to the 16th and 17th centuries. Until the 20th century, the majority were

3090: 2307: 2224: 2071: 2012: 1757: 1381: 1186:

Various peoples had settled in the area of future Ecuador before the arrival of the

829: 14166: 13796: 13776: 12853: 12659: 12614: 12599: 12526: 11975:

Millennial Ecuador: Critical Essays on Cultural Transformations and Social Dynamics

11817: 11570: 11308: 11146: 10028: 9143: 9009: 8991: 6790: 6780: 6697: 6689: 6612: 6093: 5738: 5698: 5647: 5527: 5510: 5486: 5321: 5291: 5087: 4692: 4624: 4254: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4052: 4024: 4016: 3996: 3932: 3868: 3735: 3430: 3338: 3268: 3234: 3164: 2873: 2859: 2841: 2663: 2461: 2141: 1890:

favoring Peru with the territory they occupied at the time the war came to an end.

1764: 1693: 1218: 1135: 1058: 1039: 985: 894: 745: 321: 253: 150: 119: 62: 13855: 11300: 9878: 7960:"Ecuador declares 'internal armed conflict' as gunmen take over live TV broadcast" 6616: 5424: 5253: 3221:, just south of Quito, is one of the world's highest active volcanoes. The top of 13786: 13781: 12727: 12584: 11696: 11651: 10455: 10433: 9910: 9865: 9793: 9786: 9662: 9504: 9455: 9409: 9363: 9344: 9299: 9043: 8945: 8405: 8073: 8053: 7458: 7435: 6027:"Welcome to Ecuador – Geography | Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility" 5944: 5478: 5446: 5352:, a printer and main author of the first newspaper in Ecuadorian colonial times; 5345: 5098: 5047: 4954: 4928: 4857: 4799: 4749: 4715: 4697: 4642: 4574: 4556: 4545: 4520: 4386: 4378: 4289: 4089: 4012: 3856: 3787: 3731: 3673: 3596: 3214: 3094: 3052: 3040: 2932: 2924: 2865: 2855: 2771: 2761: 2317:" against organised crime, in response to the escape of imprisoned leader of the 2271: 2255: 2208: 2157: 1981: 1935:(FAE-806) was one aircraft involved in the claimed shooting down of two Peruvian 1852: 1796: 1528: 1234: 1203: 969: 825: 265: 81: 12048: 11432:"Entre lágrimas, 14 ecuatorianos dejan España por la crisis y vuelven a su país" 10393:"Religion in Latin America: Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region" 9544:"Ecuador first-half trade surplus rises to $ 390 mln – Energy & Oil-Reuters" 5494: 4240:) among them. Ashkenazi Jews arrived mostly as refugees after the ascendance of 4176:

In the rural parts of Ecuador, Amerindian beliefs and Catholicism are sometimes

3209:

Ecuador's capital and second largest city is Quito, which is in the province of

3205:, some 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) west of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean. 2983: 2531: 2424:, and appointing authorities. The acting president's wife receives the title of 2200: 2095: 1104: 13351: 13341: 13336: 12664: 12209: 11575: 11558: 9234:"Ecuador Court Gives Indigenous Groups a Boost in Mining and Drilling Disputes" 9207:

The Texaco-Chevron Case in Ecuador: Law and Justice in the Age of Globalization

8996: 7993: 6785: 6682:"Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: The Valdivia and Machalilla Phases" 6681: 6335: 5758: 5719: 5597: 5577: 5539: 5420: 5392: 5369: 5349: 5110: 4961: 4861: 4812: 4579: 4394: 4047: 4008: 4004: 3723: 3547: 3528: 3467: 3307: 3188: 3130: 3086: 2682: 2021: 1701: 1375: 1285: 1166: 1015: 997: 269: 12875: 11402:"Más del 70% de los ecuatorianos que viven en España quieren volver a su país" 11341:"Ecuador Was a Retirement Paradise for Americans. Then the Drug Gangs Arrived" 9787:

Ecuador Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Ecuador

9356: 8559:. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1986. 4976:. Starting from 2002, there has been an exponential and significant growth in 1858: 14160: 14142: 14129: 13731: 13601: 12836: 12820: 12123: 12052: 11821: 11584: 11371:"Colombianos en Ecuador vuelven a casa tras terremoto "para empezar de nuevo" 10821: 9005: 7471: 7463: 7327: 6709: 6624: 5474: 5458: 5396: 5365: 5306: 5200:. Meat based dishes have their origins in the cattle ranching culture of the 4993: 4943: 4903: 4794: 4783: 4778: 4246: 4166: 3860: 3456: 3272: 3156: 3106: 2877: 2869: 2779: 2678: 2621: 2547: 2220: 2180: 2168: 2103: 1871: 1779: 1740: 1733: 1289: 1278: 1226: 1211: 1199: 1191: 1086: 965: 930: 918: 872: 509: 412: 365: 223: 210: 13753: 12675: 9837: 9132:"Oil Exploitation in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador: A Public Health Emergency" 8468:(in Spanish). 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020 8017:"Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared" 6693: 3851:, a term used for coastal Mestizo population, brings this up to about 79%). 2480:, which is based in the city of Quito, and consists of seven members of the 2325:(also known as "Fito"), and an armed attack at a public television channel. 1744: 12219: 11856:

Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador's Modern Indigenous Movements

11313: 10950:"The debate over private and public provisions of education | Capacity4dev" 9157: 9023: 8265: 6804: 6771: 5341: 5056: 4911: 3746: 3376: 3242: 3230: 2318: 2299: 2259: 2148:. The US Dollar has been the only official currency of Ecuador since then. 2075: 1992: 1944: 1936: 1887: 1879: 1643: 1257: 989: 938: 435: 353: 277: 11461: 11150: 6338:). Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. 2014. Archived from 4856:

Ecuador houses a small East Asian community mainly consisting of those of

3727: 3534:

Ecuador was placed in 96th position of innovation in technology in a 2013

2891: 1947:

failed to precisely resolve the border along a little river in the remote

1414: 13581: 13521: 13461: 13299: 13090: 12536: 10928:

The Department of Labor's 2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor

9313:"El Banco Central de Ecuador sitúa el crecimiento del 2008 en más del 6%" 9101:"Exclusive: European banks face indigenous calls to end Amazon oil trade" 8938: 8374:"Ecuador: A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America / 2008 Edition" 7027:(First ed.). New York: New York, Bookman Associates. pp. 15–36. 6556:, Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund. Retrieved 7 September 2009. 5454: 5400: 5264: 5249: 5145: 5102: 4237: 4163: 4155: 3238: 2643:'s (HRC) Universal Periodic Review (UPR) has treated the restrictions on 2535: 2184: 2179:

implemented leftist reforms. In December 2008, Correa declared Ecuador's

2084: 1965: 1883: 1546: 1494: 1265: 1261: 957: 400: 11559:"Toward a characterization of Ecuadorian ceviche: much more than shrimp" 10344: 10032: 9761: 8200:. WORLD REPORT 2013, Human Rights Watch. 10 January 2013. pp. 1–3. 7452:

Correa wins re-election and says banks and mass media don't rule anymore

6530:"Ecuador Adopts New Constitution – With CELDF RIGHTS of NATURE Language" 5022: 4828: 4292:

away from the big cities to provide medical health to poor communities.

2894:, despite being included within Region 5, is also under a special unit. 1403: 30:

This article is about the country in South America. For other uses, see

13501: 12236: 11912:

Gender, Indian, Nation: The Contradictions of Making Ecuador, 1830–1925

9924:"UNASUR (South American organization) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" 9597:"Ecuador declares force majeure for oil exports, output due to erosion" 6701: 5515: 5268: 5231: 5182:

In the coastal region, seafood is very popular, with fish, shrimp, and

5166: 5114: 5106: 5060: 4981: 4977: 4676: 4390: 4177: 4119: 4104: 4000: 3696: 3681: 3592: 3500: 3264: 3192: 2971: 2111: 1957: 1921: 1913:, making the first two properties in the world to become listed sites. 1882:, signed on 29 January 1942, in favor of hemispheric unity against the 1692:

defeated President and General La Mar's Peruvian invasion force in the

1648: 1514: 1339: 1284:

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Inca Empire was involved in a

1175: 13120: 11539:(Perez, M. (2019) Eat Like a Local – Ecuador, CZYK Publishing, p. 24, 8440:"History of the 'Escuela Superior Militar de Aviacion Cosme Rennella'" 7933:"Ecuador declares war on armed gangs after TV station attacked on air" 7529:"Ecuador, Venezuela sever diplomatic ties due to improper accusations" 5791:. (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). 3762: 3368:

mean score of 7.66/10, ranking it 35th globally out of 172 countries.

2215:, and flexibility of the labour code. Ecuador also left the left-wing 1807:, had always been dependent on the Presidencia or Audiencia of Quito. 1800: 13940: 13924: 13611: 13531: 13456: 13232: 13207: 13100: 13080: 12976: 12951: 12799: 12744: 9302:. NAM News Network (NNN) (14 February 2013). Retrieved 24 April 2013. 7723:"Lasso inaugurated as first right-wing Ecuador president in 14 years" 5535: 5197: 5189: 4965: 4658: 4540: 4477: 4374: 4344: 4258: 4229: 3802: 3677: 3669: 3551: 3472: 3372: 3226: 3176: 3076: 3018: 2963: 2887: 2757: 2626: 2558: 2546:(OPEC) in 1973 and suspended its membership in 1992. Under President 2509: 2400: 2244: 2240: 1875: 1819: 1463: 1434: 1294: 1273: 1171: 977: 952:

The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of

946: 243: 10725:"Most Efficient Health Care: Countries – Bloomberg Best (and Worst)" 7663:"Ecuador repeals law ending fuel subsidies in deal to stop protests" 5026: 3229:

shape of the planet. The Andes is the watershed divisor between the

2090: 1230: 14102: 13965: 13955: 13919: 13591: 13566: 13546: 13506: 13496: 13466: 13274: 13254: 13222: 13151: 13070: 12966: 12925: 12789: 12779: 12764: 12057: 12027: 11017: 8324:. Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. Archived from 7693:"Guillermo Lasso: Conservative ex-banker elected Ecuador president" 6735: 5201: 5193: 4953:

Most of these communities and their descendants are located in the

4935: 4891: 4760: 4501: 4206: 3848: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3688: 3488: 3322: 3299: 3271:

with a severe rainy season. The climate in the Andean highlands is

3218: 3184: 3068: 3022: 2976: 1527:

in 1851. The descendants of enslaved Ecuadorians are among today's

1459: 1330: 1174:, was an outpost and supplier for the Incan troops, and also was a 1050: 1023: 964:

during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of

922: 867: 807: 416: 304: 10673:"Public health care network – Ministry of Public Health – Ecuador" 9627:"Ecuador Resumes Oil Exports From Amazon as Fields Resume Pumping" 7784:"Ecuador president declares state of emergency over drug violence" 6461: 6459: 6163:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Ecuador)" 6124:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Ecuador)" 6029:(in Spanish). 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015 4173:

and 6.97% other (mainly Jewish, Buddhists and Latter-day Saints).

3566:

entrepreneurship in information technology. The antivirus program

2339:

The Ecuadorian State consists of five branches of government: the

2274:

took 52.4% of the vote, compared to 47.6% for left-wing economist

1763:

The war ended when an outnumbered southern Gran Colombian army at

13975: 13909: 13606: 13551: 13526: 13476: 13227: 13212: 13075: 13060: 12971: 12920: 12794: 12749: 11884:

Culture Shock! Ecuador: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette

10820:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

10254: 10203:"Best airport in the world – 2–5 million passengers – ASQ Awards" 5746: 5279: 5235: 5207: 5184: 5158: 5093: 5035: 4973: 4939: 4907: 4895: 4879: 4744: 4151: 3889: 3843: 2999: 2236: 2122: 2051:(People, Change, and Democracy Party) after withdrawing from the 1836: 1680: 1302: 1194:' first dispersal into the Americas occurred near the end of the 1089:

established in 1824 as a division of the former territory of the

1070: 973: 395: 308: 289: 38: 10843: 9263: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8145:"Uruguayan government withdraws from UNASUR and returns to TIAR" 7555:"Outcry as Ecuador allows US military to use Galapagos airstrip" 3520: 3021:. It has 2,010 km (1,250 mi) of land boundaries, with 2908: 2674:

and sabotage", which may lead to an eight-year prison sentence.

2042:

Elections were held on 29 April 1979, under a new constitution.

1481:, who was ultimately deposed. Leaders who followed him included 1422:

between the two Hispanic South American heroes of independence,

13945: 13914: 13561: 13556: 13536: 13486: 13481: 13471: 13294: 13264: 13217: 12997: 12992: 12956: 12815: 12774: 12754: 12718: 9293:

Ecuador GDP Grew 4.3 Percent Average Per Year From 2007 to 2012

8067:

Ecuador to quit OPEC in 2020 in search of bigger export revenue

6456: 5283: 5227: 5211: 4915: 4868: 4241: 4233: 3992: 3331: 3126: 3118: 3060: 2749: 1927: 1467: 1242: 11926:

Ecuador in Focus: A Guide to the People, Politics, and Culture

10699:"Medical Services – Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social" 9762:"Mapping for Results – Ecuador, Latin America & Caribbean" 7366: 6837:. Translated by B. Iceland, Harry. Cambridge University Press. 6764: 5101:(highly established in Afro-Ecuadorian societies), and so on. 4960:

Throughout the 20th century, immigration also came from other

3428:

as official means of transaction (before 2000, the Ecuadorian

2923:(Fuerzas Armadas de la Republica de Ecuador), consists of the 1814: 13950: 13541: 13491: 13249: 12961: 12759: 10826:

Rex A. Hudson (1989). "Labor". In Hanratty, Dennis M. (ed.).

10449:

El 80% de los ecuatorianos afirma ser católico, según el INEC

8838: 8047:

OPEC Suffers Another Departure With Ecuador Seeking More Cash

7607:"Protesters move into Ecuador's capital; president moves out" 7204:"Ecuador's New Chief Picks Cabinet; Leftist in Economic Post" 5329: 5259:

In the highland region, various dishes of pork, chicken, and

5239: 5001: 4997: 4969: 4485: 4467: 4370: 4250: 3894: 3888:

are a minority population (7%) in Ecuador, that includes the

3878: 3755: 3661: 3180: 3134: 3122: 2883: 2851: 2447: 2367: 1916: 1902: 1447: 1344: 1318: 1249: 1187: 942: 494: 202: 130: 7638:"Ecuador Government Returns to Capital Amid National Strike" 6680:

Meggers, Betty J.; Evans, Clifford; Estrada, Emilio (1965).

5668: 5572:

is the tenth largest football stadium in South America. The

5302: 5004:

to return after many left during the 90s economic crisis or

3562:, a chemist and inventor of a method of textile serigraphy. 13970: 13754: 13571: 13269: 13065: 13039: 12935: 12784: 11044: 9754: 9403:

Ecuadorian Inflation Accelerated to Three-Year High in 2011

9338:

Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) – Tasa de Crecimiento Real (%)

7234:"Leftist rolling to victory in Ecuador's presidential race" 7143:"Ecuador's one and only official currency is the US Dollar" 5662: 5653: 3072: 1977: 1973: 1597: 1179: 926: 14082:

Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America

11743:"Las esculturas de Teddy Cobeña las favoritas del público" 10889:"La difícil construcción de la sanidad pública en Ecuador" 9071:"European banks urged to stop funding oil trade in Amazon" 7903:"Business heir Daniel Noboa sworn in as Ecuador president" 6736:"Quito History - Culture, Religion and Lifestyle in Quito" 4946:

but who could no longer enter this country because of the

4257:. The "Comunidad de Culto Israelita" reunites the Jews of 13430: 10229:"Quito, Ecuador's New Airport – Gateway to the Galápagos" 8627: 7429:"Correa's and Ecuador's Success drive The Economist Nuts" 3509:

CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean

2648: 2499: 1557: 1154:

Figure of the Jama Coaque culture (300 BCE-800 CE) (from

884: 11961:

Lonely Planet Guide: Ecuador & the Galápagos Islands

10367:"Central America and Caribbean :: PAPUA NEW GUINEA" 10288:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10259:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

9859:

South American Community Nations – Andean Community -CAN

8968: 5391:; the poets Medardo Angel Silva, Jorge Carrera Andrade, 4284:

is appointed directly by the President of the Republic.

4043:

Equatorial Pacific Spanish or Equatorial Coastal Spanish

1073:" in Spanish, truncated from the Spanish official name, 11891:

Indians, Oil, and Politics: A Recent History of Ecuador

9706:"Downloads – Statistics – Production-Related Documents" 7814:"Drug capo among 16 dead in bloody Ecuador prison riot" 7342:"Ecuador Re-elects President, Preliminary Results Show" 6982:(in Spanish). Presidencia de la República del Ecuador. 5435:

The best known art styles from Ecuador belonged to the

2066:

from the Social Christian Party was elected president.

1670:, laid claim to the territory that had belonged to the 1366:, which caused up to 40,000 casualties, was studied by 272:

and others "are in official use for indigenous peoples"

11515:"Yogurt Persa: De Ecuador a Argentina y Latinoamérica" 11135:"Los Sirio-Libaneses En El Espacio Social Ecuatoriano" 8253:

Reforma judicial en Ecuador debe hacerse hasta el 2015

5282:. Many fruits are available in this region, including 3607:

Santuario Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Agua Santa in

2262:(right) at the latter's inauguration in November 2023. 2228:

between an Ecuadorian and U.S. president in 17 years.

2156:

from office by Congress in April 2005. Vice President

11968:

Histories of the Present: People and Power in Ecuador

11905:

Portrait of a Nation: Culture and Progress in Ecuador

11644:

Journal de la Academia de Literatura Hispanoamericana

11462:"Cuenca Ecuador – How The American Dream Moved South" 11177:"El Guayaquil que acogió a los migrantes extranjeros" 10850: 9825: 8399:

History of the "Escuela Superior Militar Eloy Alfaro"

8170:

Horvitz, Leslie Ann; Catherwood, Christopher (2006).

7754:"Lenín Moreno's legacy to Guillermo Lasso in Ecuador" 6956:(in European Spanish). 10 August 2017. Archived from 5686: 5659: 5656: 5379:

Contemporary Ecuadorian writers include the novelist

2031: 1732:'s intention was to form a new republic known as the 1337:. At the same time, the natives were forced into the 14192:

Member states of the Union of South American Nations

13698:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

11997:

CIA Library Site: Chief of State and Cabinet Members

10640:"Program of the Ministry of Public Health – Ecuador" 10009:

Ecuador ocupa el puesto 96 en innovación tecnológica

9665:. Banco Central del Ecuador (January–February 2008). 9377:"Ecuador Inflation rate (consumer prices) – Economy" 9366:. Bce.fin.ec (11 July 2012). Retrieved 26 July 2012. 8703:

Oceania and Beyond: Essays on the Pacific Since 1945

6356:

Pellizzaro, Siro M.; Nàwech, Fàusto Oswaldo (2003).

5665: 5587: 3337:

Ecuador has the first constitution to recognize the

2506:

Council for Citizen Participation and Social Control

2504:

The Transparency and Social Control consists of the

2007:

In 1972, a "revolutionary and nationalist" military

1081:"Republic of the Equator"), derived from the former 13885: 9129: 8962: 8119:"Ecuador Launches New Human Mobility National Plan" 7404:"Public spending fuels Ecuador leader's popularity" 6980:"Galápagos celebra un año más de provincialización" 6679: 6567:"Figure Seated on a Bench with Hands Held to Mouth" 6358:

Chicham: Dictionario Enciclopédico Shuar-Castellano

6259:"Constitución de la República del Ecuador en Shuar" 5856:"Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador" 5650: 5336:Other early Ecuadorian writers include the Jesuits 5029:

children with the typical Andean indigenous clothes

4158:. Among the people who have a religion, 80.44% are 2662:According to HRW, Correa's government weakened the 1351:(administrative district) of Spain and part of the 1042:of economic inequality improved from 0.55 to 0.47. 11807: 11104:"La libanesa, una colonia con historia desde 1875" 11018:Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador (March 2015). 10359: 7581:"Trump Receives Ecuadorian President Lenín Moreno" 5745:, which literally translates as "Republic of the 5196:. The latter is an emblematic dish of the city of 13755:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 11877:Moon Guidebook: Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands 11080:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2004. 10589:Población total 11,700,000 ~ Población judía 1000 10341:"The Roma Gypsies of Colombia | Latino Life" 8598:. Department of Biology, University of Missouri. 8169: 5973:. Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023. 5399:; the novelist Enrique Gil Gilbert; the novelist 5050:man with the typical Amazonian indigenous clothes 2306:with 52.3% of the vote against leftist candidate 2002: 1217:Many civilizations arose in Ecuador, such as the 14158: 11863:Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador 11108:La libanesa, una colonia con historia desde 1875 10934:, U.S. Department of Labor. 2002. Archived from 10286:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 9879:"Profile: Mercosur – Common Market of the South" 9868:. Comunidadandina.org. Retrieved 21 August 2012. 9796:. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 14 September 2012. 8820:"En Equateur, "s'habituer à vivre sans glacier"" 8486:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8246: 6950:"Ecuador en el día de la Independencia nacional" 6550:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6487:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6355: 6047:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3558:, a botanist and biologist of Andean flora; and 2287:parties to push through his legislative agenda. 2235:began on 3 October 2019 against the end of fuel 2183:illegitimate, based on the argument that it was 2011:overthrew the government of Velasco Ibarra. The 12905: 11919:Ecuador and the United States: Useful Strangers 11020:"Estadística Educativa, Reporte de indicadores" 10701:. Iess.gob.ec. 19 February 2010. Archived from 10519:2017 Service Year Report of Jehovah's Witnesses 9264:"Yahoo! Noticias España – Los titulares de hoy" 8553:Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania 8015:Eichhorn, Jan; Bergh, Johannes (14 July 2021). 7467:. 19 February 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014. 6877: 6469:. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007 4890:In the early 1900s, there was immigration from 4215:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3129:and the population is predominantly Amerindian 1190:. The archeological evidence suggests that the 573:283,561 km (109,484 sq mi) ( 13693:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 11947:The Ecuador Reader: History, Culture, Politics 10755:"Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth" 10534:Greater Miami Jewish Federation Community Post 8348:"Región 4 – Santo Domingo, Manabí y Galápagos" 7294:"Ecuador referendum endorses new constitution" 6532:. Archived from the original on 3 October 2008 5274:In the Amazon region, a dietary staple is the 3071:. This region is also where most of Ecuador's 3028:The country has four main geographic regions: 2864:Region 7 (27,571 km, or 10,645 mi): 2846:Region 6 (38,237 km, or 14,763 mi): 2820:Region 5 (38,420 km, or 14,834 mi): 2784:Region 3 (44,710 km, or 17,263 mi): 2766:Region 2 (43,498 km, or 16,795 mi): 2744:Region 1 (42,126 km, or 16,265 mi): 1293:Spaniards headed by Francisco Pizarro reached 13871: 13739: 13416: 13136: 13024: 12891: 12704: 12680: 12073: 11707: 11305:Diasporas. Circulations, Migrations, Histoire 10825: 10788: 10495:"LDS Newsroom, Facts and Statistics, Ecuador" 8014: 7857:Alvarado, Tara John, Abel (15 October 2023). 7049: 7047: 6847: 6398:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019" 6116: 5882:"Ecuador: Censo de Población y Vivienda 2022" 5033:Ecuador's dominant culture is defined by its 4845: 3147:, or "the east": The oriente consists of the 2806:Region 4 (22,257 km, or 8,594 mi): 2722: 2711:), each with its own administrative capital: 2588:In 2017, the Ecuadorian parliament adopted a 2544:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 1583: 1206:or by boat down the Pacific Ocean coastline. 148: 111: 53: 12858:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 11486: 10530:"The Lost Sephardic Tribes of Latin America" 10385: 10273: 10027:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 9347:. Indexmundi.com. Retrieved 28 January 2013. 7887:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7406:. Voxxi.com. 25 January 2012. Archived from 6157: 6155: 6153: 4416:According to the 2020 population projections 3799:José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport 3267:in lowlands. The Pacific coastal area has a 1715: 1442:defeated the Spanish Royalist forces at the 13662:Inter-American Telecommunication Commission 13200: 12720:Countries and dependencies of South America 10667: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10308: 9492: 9490: 8749:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 347. 7324:"Avenger against oligarchy" wins in Ecuador 7025:Zarumilla-Marañón: the Ecuador-Peru dispute 5356:(born in Guayaquil), famous for his ode to 5267:) or potatoes. The consumption of "Cuy" or 4369:The five largest cities in the country are 3754:bus rapid transit system that runs through 2688: 2310:. On 23 November 2023, Noboa was sworn in. 2117:Ecuador won its first Olympic medal in the 1815:Struggle for possession of the Amazon Basin 1245:, groups of nations formed confederations. 960:during the 15th century. The territory was 14217:States and territories established in 1822 14212:States and territories established in 1830 14207:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 13878: 13864: 13746: 13732: 13423: 13409: 13143: 13129: 13031: 13017: 12898: 12884: 12711: 12697: 12080: 12066: 11954:Insight Guidebook: Ecuador & Galápagos 11679:, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1952 11634: 11632: 11241: 10634: 10632: 10611:"History of the Ministry of Public Health" 10174: 10024:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 9980:"Ecuador says pays off last debt with IMF" 9656:Ecuador: Evolucion de la Balanza Comercial 9496:Rebeca, Ray and Sara, Kozameh. (May 2012) 9357:Banco Central del Ecuador – Resumen de pib 8863:"Ecuador – Biodiversity Conservation" 8322:"Niveles administrativos de planificación" 7316: 7044: 5226:. The coast is also a leading producer of 5109:. It is originally from northern Ecuador ( 2442:The legislative branch is embodied by the 2328: 1590: 1576: 1144:National Archaeological Museum of Florence 956:that were gradually incorporated into the 897:until 2000, replaced by the US dollar and 192:Location of Ecuador (dark green) 185: 13657:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 13647:Secretariat for Multidimensional Security 11945:Torre, C. de la and Striffler, S. (2008) 11870:Cañar: A Year in the Highlands of Ecuador 11574: 11312: 10117: 9147: 9130:San Sebastian, M.; Hurtig, A. K. (2004). 9013: 8995: 6862: 6794: 6784: 6686:Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 6291:Ayamrumamu nuyá Iniankasrik Ayamruma Papi 6150: 5423:Yapanga from colonial Quito, in 1783, by 5092:The music of Ecuador has a long history. 3625:Among the main tourist destinations are: 3377:oil exploitation of the Amazon rainforest 3063:exportation plantations of the companies 2114:fought between Ecuador and Peru in 1995. 2083:" ("Alfaro Lives, Dammit!"), named after 1619:First Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1857-1860) 1370:, when he visited the area in 1801–1802. 1053:plants and animals, such as those of the 755: 11765:"Teddy Cobeña expondrá en Europa y Asia" 11298: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10784: 10782: 10780: 10658: 9595:Valencia, Alexandra (13 December 2021). 9594: 9487: 9037:Lemonick, Michael D. (30 October 1995). 9036: 8937:Ministry of the environment of Ecuador, 8660: 8592:A Check List of the Syrphidae of Oceania 7856: 7635: 7109: 6832: 6817: 5514: 5414: 5301: 5042: 5021: 4338: 4274: 4186: 4011:(spoken by the Achuar and the Shiwiar), 3829: 3761: 3745: 3602: 3591: 3578:are products of Ecuadorian development. 3519: 3515: 3475:, real estate center for the upper class 3466: 3437: 3406: 3343: 3289: 2982: 2970: 2962: 2907: 2726: 2713: 2620: 2597:International Organization for Migration 2525: 2446:, which is headquartered in the city of 2399: 2249: 2089: 1926: 1915: 1862:Map of Ecuadorian land claims after 1916 1857: 1818: 1773: 1413: 1402: 1312: 1165: 1149: 1129: 587:256,370 km (98,990 sq mi) 13840:OPEC Fund for International Development 13150: 12134:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute 11924:Roos, W. and Van Renterghem, O. (2000) 11629: 11244:"Ancón, la pequeña Inglaterra olvidada" 11139:Journal de la Société des Américanistes 11132: 11084:from the original on September 28, 2013 10978: 10886: 10629: 10247: 10120:"José rodríguez lavandera, el inventor" 9231: 8746:France and the South Pacific Since 1940 8742: 8172:Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide 7476:Center for Economic and Policy Research 7384:from the original on September 22, 2012 6907: 6493:, Conservation.org (16 September 2003). 6189: 5918:"Religion affiliations in Ecuador 2020" 3538:study. Ecuador was ranked 104th in the 2298:On 15 October 2023, centrist candidate 1614:Gran Colombian-Peruvian War (1828–1829) 1601:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute 1564:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute 1450:. Following the battle, Ecuador joined 1343:labor system for the Spanish. In 1563, 1308: 1036:Center for Economic and Policy Research 14: 14159: 11468:from the original on February 10, 2015 11321:from the original on November 28, 2020 11242:Ventimilla, Marcello (7 August 2019). 11227:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 11078:"Ecuador: Virtual Jewish History Tour" 10735:from the original on September 6, 2014 10321:from the original on 24 September 2014 9412:. Bloomberg. Retrieved 21 August 2012. 9200: 9081:from the original on 14 September 2020 8507:. Angus & Robertson. p. 190. 8189: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8045:Stephan Kueffner & Peter Millard, 7751: 7339: 7333: 7201: 7140: 7091:from the original on 21 September 2021 7081:"Apology Of An Economic Hitman (2010)" 6598: 5942: 5783: 5781: 5570:Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo 5520:Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo 4875:, Ecuador granted them entry permits. 4871:refugees from Germany aboard the ship 4279:Hospital Docente de Calderón, in Quito 4253:. There are very small communities in 4038:The three main regional variants are: 4023:(spoken by the Siona and Secoya), and 2577:, and the Bank of the South (Spanish: 2571:Latin American Integration Association 2500:Transparency and social control branch 1558:Loss of claimed territories since 1830 1288:. The untimely death of both the heir 583:• Excluding the Galapagos Islands 13859: 13727: 13432:Organization of American States (OAS) 13404: 13124: 13012: 12879: 12692: 12679: 12061: 11797:from the original on 2 February 2017. 11775:from the original on 2 February 2017. 11753:from the original on 2 February 2017. 11664:History of the Latin-American Nations 11489:"Photos Indigenous people of Ecuador" 11442:from the original on 11 November 2022 11412:from the original on 11 November 2022 11399: 11381:from the original on 11 November 2022 10999:from the original on 29 November 2023 10960:from the original on 15 December 2020 10932:Bureau of International Labor Affairs 10911: 10777: 10302: 10209:from the original on 3 September 2012 9813:from the original on 17 November 2014 9475:from the original on 11 November 2014 9383:from the original on 29 November 2014 9319:from the original on 15 December 2014 9274:from the original on 8 September 2014 9136:Pan American Journal of Public Health 8919:from the original on 17 February 2012 8893:from the original on 1 September 2010 8826:from the original on 20 November 2021 8654: 8494: 7913:from the original on 24 November 2023 7764:from the original on 21 November 2021 7729:. Agence France Presse. 24 May 2021. 7141:Kapche, Patrick James (24 May 2019). 7037:Roos, Wilma and van Renterghem, Omer 6986:from the original on 21 February 2016 6580:from the original on 23 November 2023 6444:from the original on 20 December 2019 6215: 6104:from the original on 13 November 2019 6007:from the original on 20 November 2023 5951:from the original on 16 November 2016 5898:from the original on 12 November 2023 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5697: 5368:, a prominent essayist and novelist; 4201:, Amerindian religions, Muslims (see 3758:. It is the principal BRT in Ecuador. 3411:GDP per capita development of Ecuador 3055:, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas and 2431: 1634:Second Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1941) 1571: 1545:The Liberal Revolution of 1895 under 1534: 1433:On 9 October 1820, the Department of 1325:, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 13667:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 13642:Secretariat for Integral Development 12087: 11723:from the original on 19 October 2022 11280:from the original on 12 October 2022 11254:from the original on 12 October 2022 11114:from the original on 25 October 2022 10405:from the original on 21 October 2018 10118:Lavandera, J.R. (27 December 2009). 10049:from the original on 22 October 2023 10020: 9990:from the original on 3 February 2020 9960:from the original on 25 January 2015 9885:from the original on 10 October 2014 9831: 9768:from the original on 9 February 2014 9244:from the original on 6 February 2022 9203:"Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental" 9182:from the original on 25 January 2021 8785: 8699: 8677:from the original on 24 January 2022 8605:from the original on 26 January 2022 8588: 8566:from the original on 20 January 2022 8500: 8272:from the original on 23 January 2012 7957: 7869:from the original on 30 October 2023 7838:from the original on 7 February 2023 7636:Kueffner, tephan (10 October 2019). 7617:from the original on 10 October 2019 7022: 6412:from the original on 10 October 2020 6230:United Nations Development Programme 6177:from the original on 15 October 2023 6138:from the original on 15 October 2023 5977:from the original on 10 January 2021 5836:from the original on 10 January 2021 5795:from the original on 18 October 2013 4317:Ecuador currently ranks 20, in most 3881:account for 7.4% of the population. 3795:Mariscal Sucre International Airport 2731:Cabellera de la Virgen waterfall in 2313:In January 2024, Noboa declared an " 2217:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 2194:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 1649:Third Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1995) 14197:Member states of the United Nations 13703:American Convention on Human Rights 12247:2010 coup d'état attempt and crisis 12149:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War (1857–1860) 11861:Becker, M. and Clark, A. K. (2007) 10809: 10789:Olsont, David (19 September 2009). 10373:from the original on April 12, 2021 10011:. elcomercio.com. 19 September 2013 9934:from the original on 9 October 2014 9637:from the original on 7 January 2022 9576:from the original on 2 October 2014 9232:Einhorn, Catrin (4 February 2022). 9111:from the original on 8 October 2020 8706:. Greenwood Press. pp. 20–21. 8639:from the original on 4 October 2023 8302:from the original on 6 October 2022 8204:from the original on 6 October 2014 8178: 8151:from the original on 19 August 2021 7970:from the original on 9 January 2024 7939:from the original on 9 January 2024 7509:from the original on 6 October 2019 7304:from the original on 15 August 2022 7274:from the original on 15 August 2022 7244:from the original on 15 August 2022 7214:from the original on 15 August 2022 7183:from the original on 15 August 2022 7153:from the original on 5 October 2022 6897:. Presses Universitaires de France. 5778: 5564:; they were also runners-up in the 5376:; Dolores Veintimilla; and others. 5127:List of Ecuadorian dishes and foods 2668:independence of the judicial system 2467: 2389: 2049:Partido Pueblo, Cambio y Democracia 1268:in 1463 sharing the same language. 24: 13652:Inter-American Commission of Women 11840: 11617:from the original on 22 April 2021 11607:"Ecuador's Exports – Fruit Galore" 11521:from the original on 25 March 2023 11491:. South-images.com. Archived from 11400:Guede, Araceli (24 October 2012). 10427:El 80% de ecuatorianos es católico 9213:from the original on 14 April 2021 8087:"Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana" 8056:, Bloomberg News (2 October 2019). 8027:from the original on 30 March 2024 7703:from the original on 14 April 2021 7587:from the original on 13 April 2021 7561:from the original on 13 April 2021 7535:from the original on 13 April 2021 7354:from the original on June 27, 2017 7264:"Ecuador's new president sworn in" 7173:"Ecuador Congress ousts president" 7006:"Assessment for Blacks in Ecuador" 6239:from the original on 13 March 2024 6223:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 5807: 5316:. One of the earliest examples is 4412:Largest cities or towns in Ecuador 3002:, which would thus make Ecuador a 2567:Latin American Energy Organization 2515: 2454: 2407:, seat of the President of Ecuador 2053:Concentración de Fuerzas Populares 2032:Return to democracy (1979–present) 1229:(near present-day Quito), and the 976:, followed by large minorities of 933:on the west. It also includes the 261:Recognized regional languages 25: 14228: 14087:Council of South American Defense 13637:Secretariat for Political Affairs 12469:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis 11982: 11183:from the original on 6 March 2022 11179:. El Telegrafo. 16 October 2020. 11157:from the original on 30 June 2015 10570:from the original on 17 July 2011 10540:from the original on 30 June 2014 10501:from the original on 28 June 2019 10255:"World Population Prospects 2022" 10095:. 28 October 2013. Archived from 9954:"Union of South American Nations" 9807:"Ranking 2010 – Ranking completo" 9676:"Bananas Exports by Country 2021" 9607:from the original on 24 June 2022 9429:from the original on 16 June 2013 8788:Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands 8521:from the original on 4 April 2023 8234:from the original on 27 June 2017 7794:from the original on 5 March 2022 7752:García, Alberto (16 April 2021). 7673:from the original on 3 March 2022 6892: 6746:from the original on 25 July 2022 6716:from the original on 17 June 2022 6661:from the original on 30 June 2022 6631:from the original on 25 July 2022 6599:Ferdon, Edwin N. (24 June 1966). 6378:from the original on 7 April 2024 6269:from the original on 4 April 2019 6203:from the original on 14 June 2020 5620:Index of Ecuador-related articles 5169:) are some of the typical dishes. 4358: 3460:(69,200 m/d) in early 2022. 2396:List of heads of state of Ecuador 2038:History of Ecuador (1990–present) 1509:, among others. The conservative 1297:and lured Atahualpa into a trap ( 1178:, a place of worship to the Sun ( 1134:A Venus (2,300-2,000 BCE) of the 1078: 1049:in the world, Ecuador hosts many 13587:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13109: 13096:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12835: 12262: 12042: 12032: 11886:, Marshall Cavendish Corporation 11865:, University of Pittsburgh Press 11801: 11779: 11757: 11735: 11701: 11682: 11669: 11656: 11599: 11550: 11533: 11507: 11480: 11454: 11424: 11393: 11363: 11351:from the original on 20 May 2024 11333: 11292: 11266: 11248:anconlapequenainglaterraolvidada 11235: 11195: 11169: 11126: 11096: 11070: 11011: 10972: 10942: 10899:from the original on 15 May 2019 10880: 10815: 10747: 10717: 10691: 10603: 10594: 10582: 10552: 10522: 10513: 10487: 10475:from the original on 5 June 2024 10461: 10458:. eluniverso.com. 15 August 2012 10439: 10417: 10333: 10309:EL UNIVERSO (2 September 2011). 10221: 10195: 10168: 10152:. Eluniverso.com. Archived from 10142: 10111: 10081: 10014: 10002: 9972: 9946: 9916: 9897: 9871: 9852: 9799: 9780: 9724: 9698: 9686:from the original on 20 May 2022 9668: 9649: 9619: 9588: 9562: 9536: 9524:from the original on 5 June 2013 9510: 9461: 9441: 9415: 9395: 9369: 9350: 9331: 9305: 9286: 9256: 9225: 9194: 9164: 9123: 9093: 9063: 9030: 8950: 8931: 8905: 8879: 8855: 8812: 8803: 8794: 8779: 8763:from the original on 17 May 2023 8736: 8720:from the original on 17 May 2023 8693: 8621: 8582: 8544: 8504:Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama 8442:. Esmafae.mil.ec. Archived from 7834:. CNN Español. 6 February 2023. 7733:from the original on 24 May 2021 7374:"Most Popular E-mail Newsletter" 7340:Romero, Simon (April 27, 2009). 7122:from the original on 18 May 2022 5924:from the original on 6 July 2022 5646: 5604: 5590: 5144: 5135: 4524: 4514: 4471: 4461: 4213:. According to their estimates, 4192:Colonial Jesuit Convent of Quito 3366:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1972:", a reference to the murder of 1329:New infectious diseases such as 780: 779: 754: 732: 731: 713: 712: 680: 679: 661: 660: 167: 88: 74: 13887:Union of South American Nations 11875:Brown, J. and Smith, J. (2009) 11847:Ades, H. and Graham, M. (2010) 10979:Ricardo, Gomez (31 July 2011). 10436:. lahora.com.ec. 15 August 2012 9904:Which are its member countries? 9401:Gill, Nathan. (6 January 2012) 9201:Pigrau, Antoni (27 July 2014). 9149:10.1590/S1020-49892004000300014 8458: 8432: 8410: 8392: 8366: 8340: 8314: 8284: 8258: 8216: 8163: 8137: 8111: 8079: 8059: 8039: 8008: 7982: 7951: 7925: 7895: 7850: 7824: 7806: 7776: 7745: 7715: 7685: 7655: 7629: 7599: 7573: 7547: 7521: 7491: 7482: 7445: 7422: 7396: 7286: 7256: 7226: 7195: 7165: 7134: 7103: 7073: 7031: 7016: 6998: 6972: 6942: 6917:Latin American Applied Research 6901: 6886: 6871: 6856: 6841: 6826: 6811: 6758: 6728: 6673: 6643: 6592: 6559: 6522: 6496: 6424: 6390: 6364: 6349: 6321: 6281: 6251: 6086: 6055: 5732: 5639: 5493:from the Informalist Movement; 5252:, analogous with the Brazilian 4319:efficient health care countries 3809: 3497:Inter-American Development Bank 3448:currency circulating in Ecuador 3285: 3245:, Jubones, and Puyango-Tumbes. 3009:Ecuador lies between latitudes 2610: 2605:Union of South American Nations 2492:which is one of Ecuador's five 2376:Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly 2357:Transparency and Social Control 2207:policies, such as reduction of 1392: 1125: 1020:Organization of American States 929:on the east and south, and the 917:, is a country in northwestern 11970:, University of Illinois Press 11898:Culture and Customs of Ecuador 11640:"Boceto de Poesía Ecuatoriana" 11307:(19). openjournal.com: 72–81. 10862:Campaign for Fighting Diseases 10471:. World Atlas. 25 April 2017. 8194:"World Report 2013: Ecuador". 7202:Forero, Juan (22 April 2005). 7112:"Outsourcing the Money Supply" 6019: 5989: 5963: 5936: 5910: 5874: 5848: 5574:Ecuador national football team 5457:from the Indiginist Movement; 5324:, but his work was written in 4226:History of the Jews in Ecuador 3599:, a UNESCO World Heritage city 3133:. The largest Sierran city is 2812:Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas 2563:Latin American Economic System 2258:(center) with President-elect 2192:. He brought Ecuador into the 2003:Military governments (1972–79) 1399:Ecuadorian War of Independence 628:69/km (178.7/sq mi) ( 13: 1: 12215:Supreme Council of Government 11949:, Duke University Press Books 11942:, Duke University Press Books 11935:, Duke University Press Books 11921:, University of Georgia Press 11914:, University of Arizona Press 11858:, Duke University Press Books 11787:"Madrid guarda arte manabita" 11677:Surviving Pre-Columbian Drama 11110:. El Universo. 30 July 2006. 9458:Retrieved on 28 January 2013. 8956:Ministry of the environment, 8121:. 8 June 2018. Archived from 7958:John, Tara (9 January 2024). 7110:Schnurer, Eric (2 May 2014). 6617:10.1126/science.152.3730.1731 5771: 5297: 5234:(to make chocolate), shrimp, 5077:List of newspapers in Ecuador 3826:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador 3487:, and an associate member of 3310:-Nambillo Ecological Reserve. 3201:is the region comprising the 2534:with U.S. Secretary of State 2270:, conservative former banker 2221:tax rates for large companies 1920:Ecuadorian troops during the 1698:First Treaty of San Ildefonso 1407:Venezuelan independence hero 1121:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador 968:, from which it emerged as a 11052:"Proyecciones Poblacionales" 10675:. Msp.gob.ec. Archived from 10642:. Msp.gob.ec. Archived from 10613:. Msp.gob.ec. Archived from 10150:"Checkprogram press release" 9736:Central Intelligence Agency 9498:Ecuador's Economy Since 2007 9039:"Can the Galapagos Survive?" 8850:Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir 8664:The Hippoboscidae of Oceania 8661:Bequaert, Joseph C. (1941). 8531:can further define the word 7116:U.S. News & World Report 6878:Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. 5789:"Proyecciones Poblacionales" 4377:(2.72 million inhabitants), 4373:(2.78 million inhabitants), 4328: 3741: 3574:, and Core Banking Software 3570:, banking protection system 3314:Ecuador is one of seventeen 2987:Napo Wildlife Center in the 2946: 2890:are Metropolitan Districts. 2625:Poor class neighborhoods in 2522:Foreign relations of Ecuador 2383:National Assembly of Ecuador 2144:, in order to stabilize the 1987:Ecuador and Peru signed the 1767:on 27 February 1829, led by 1458:, also including modern-day 1064: 127:Pro Deo, Patria et Libertate 7: 13835:List of secretaries general 13672:Pan American Union Building 13378:Vehicle registration plates 12907:Andean Community of Nations 12501:Water supply and sanitation 12047:Geographic data related to 12012:Central Intelligence Agency 11872:, University of Texas Press 11810:Journal of Material Culture 8076:, Reuters (1 October 2019). 6848:Cabello de Balboa, Miguel. 6406:International Monetary Fund 6171:International Monetary Fund 6132:International Monetary Fund 6073:Central Intelligence Agency 5947:. en la Imprenta Nacional. 5583: 5214:or patacones), popcorn, or 4385:(458,580 inhabitants), and 4199:Eastern Orthodox Christians 4197:There is a small number of 4058: 3901: 3505:International Monetary Fund 3485:Andean Community of Nations 3349:Western Santa Cruz tortoise 3302:worldwide. In the image, a 3294:Ecuador is one of the most 2897: 2703:Ecuador is divided into 24 2575:Andean Community of Nations 2438:National Assembly (Ecuador) 2323:José Adolfo Macías Villamar 1911:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 962:colonized by Spanish Empire 522:• Recognized by Spain 136:"God, homeland and freedom" 10: 14233: 14177:Countries in South America 12161:Liberal Revolution of 1895 12038:Wikimedia Atlas of Ecuador 11977:, University Of Iowa Press 11879:, Avalon Travel Publishing 11849:The Rough Guide to Ecuador 11576:10.1186/s42779-022-00131-w 11464:. vivatropical.com. 2013. 11301:"Italians in the Americas" 10369:. CIA The World Factbook. 8997:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 8670:. Harvard Medical School. 8376:. ccmr.org. Archived from 7147:People Places and Thoughts 6786:10.1186/s12864-020-06834-1 6655:Metropolitan Museum of Art 5508: 5124: 5120: 5085: 5070: 5015: 5011: 4849: 4846:Immigration and emigration 4513: 4460: 4403: 4362: 4343:University of the Arts in 4332: 4268: 4074:Religion in Ecuador (2014) 4062: 4019:(spoken by the Tsáchila), 3905: 3819: 3813: 3769: 3585: 3581: 3554:in Latin America in 1837; 3495:(WTO), in addition to the 3400: 3396: 3252: 3248: 2956: 2950: 2901: 2723:Regions and planning areas 2692: 2614: 2519: 2478:National Electoral Council 2435: 2422:National Police of Ecuador 2393: 2332: 2035: 1561: 1541:Liberal Revolution of 1895 1538: 1396: 1357:Viceroyalty of New Granada 1114: 1110: 1069:The country's name means " 36: 29: 14187:Former OPEC member states 14095: 14077:South American Parliament 14044: 13988: 13933: 13902: 13893: 13830: 13762: 13680: 13624: 13447: 13438: 13386: 13365: 13329: 13308: 13287: 13242: 13191: 13165: 13158: 13107: 13046: 12985: 12944: 12913: 12844: 12833: 12808: 12737: 12726: 12686: 12681:Links to related articles 12637: 12565: 12522: 12513: 12437: 12428: 12361: 12352: 12280: 12271: 12260: 12099: 11896:Handelsman, M. H. (2008) 11299:Pagnotta, Chiara (2011). 10832:Federal Research Division 10089:"Global Innovation Index" 8255:, diariodigitalcentro.com 7440:New Economic Perspectives 6923:: 203–208. Archived from 6835:History of the Inca Realm 5997:"Ecuador country profile" 5959:– via Google Books. 5943:España (1 January 1841). 5504: 4365:List of cities in Ecuador 4264: 4141: 4133: 4128: 4118: 4113: 4103: 4098: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 3982: 3974: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3946: 3941: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3674:Historic center of Cuenca 3556:Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar 3261:humid subtropical climate 2641:UN's Human Rights Council 1989:Brasilia Presidential Act 1866:During the course of the 1722:struggle for independence 1716:Struggle for independence 1656:Brasilia Presidential Act 1609: 1552:José María Velasco Ibarra 1456:Republic of Gran Colombia 1260:—to absorb them into the 1005:representative democratic 890: 878: 866: 854: 844: 836: 814: 799: 769: 744: 725: 706: 692: 673: 654: 636: 622: 608: 598: 591: 581: 567: 560: 556: 543: 530: 520: 504: 491: 481: 477: 470: 460: 456: 441: 426: 422: 406: 394: 339: 276: 259: 249: 239: 198: 184: 161: 143: 104: 70: 48: 13160:(Southern Common Market) 12252:2024 Ecuadorian conflict 12020:at UCB Libraries GovPubs 11822:10.1177/1359183510394945 11133:Almeida, Mónica (1997). 10828:Ecuador: A country study 10793:. PE.com. Archived from 9680:www.worldstopexports.com 9298:29 November 2014 at the 8913:"Ecuador's Constitution" 8743:Aldrich, Robert (1993). 8174:. Infobase. p. 137. 7503:www.europe-solidaire.org 6820:Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui 6372:"Población y Demografía" 5632: 5566:2008 FIFA Club World Cup 5429:Museo de América, Madrid 5246:, among other products. 5081: 5066: 4221:in the country in 2017. 4015:(spoken by the Chachi), 3662:Historic center of Quito 3647:Podocarpus National Park 3493:World Trade Organization 3491:. It also serves on the 3393:projects on their land. 3113:, Bolívar, Cotopaxi and 2689:Administrative divisions 2474:elections or referendums 2110:A notable event was the 1644:Paquisha incident (1981) 1505:; and Flores's own son, 1364:1797 Riobamba earthquake 1107:, south of the equator. 945:and its largest city is 899:Ecuadorian centavo coins 37:Not to be confused with 32:Ecuador (disambiguation) 27:Country in South America 14182:Former Spanish colonies 13708:Pan-American Conference 12232:War on drugs in Ecuador 12188:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 12114:Real Audiencia of Quito 11563:Journal of Ethnic Foods 9928:Encyclopædia Britannica 9503:2 February 2014 at the 9408:2 February 2014 at the 9362:29 October 2012 at the 9343:24 January 2013 at the 8915:. Pdba.georgetown.edu. 8887:"Unesco World Heritage" 8868:. USAID. Archived from 8700:King, Frank P. (1976). 8589:Hull, Frank M. (1937). 7023:Zook, David H. (1964). 7008:. CIDCM. Archived from 6865:El Señorio de los Incas 6694:10.5479/si.00810223.1.1 4957:region of the country. 4852:Emigration from Ecuador 4381:(636,996 inhabitants), 4007:(spoken by the Shuar), 4003:(spoken by the Cofan), 3816:Demographics of Ecuador 3620:World Biosphere Reserve 3544:Pedro Vicente Maldonado 3540:Global Innovation Index 3471:Puerto de Santa Ana in 2921:Ecuadorian Armed Forces 2876:. Administrative city: 2858:. Administrative city: 2840:. Administrative city: 2814:. Administrative city: 2800:. Administrative city: 2778:. Administrative city: 2760:. Administrative city: 2647:and efforts to control 2418:Armed Forces of Ecuador 2329:Government and politics 2315:internal armed conflict 1895:Glorious May Revolution 1868:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 1672:Real Audiencia of Quito 1639:Border incident of 1978 1629:Torres Causana incident 1323:Real Audiencia of Quito 1091:Royal Audience of Quito 893: 717:$ 122.762 billion ( 610:• 2022 census 250:Official languages 113:Dios, patria y libertad 13713:Summit of the Americas 13178:Protocol of Ouro Preto 12205:Military Junta of 1963 11973:Whitten, N. E. (2003) 11966:Whitten, N. E. (2011) 11928:, Latin America Bureau 11868:Blakenship, J. (2005) 11708:Vicente Albán (1783). 11638:Borja, Piedad (1972). 11314:10.4000/diasporas.1818 10887:Ramirez, Loïc (2018). 10564:Jewish Virtual Library 10497:. mormonnewsroom.org. 10454:19 August 2012 at the 10432:11 August 2013 at the 9834:"Industrias en CUENCA" 9792:24 August 2012 at the 9240:. The New York Times. 8224:"Democracy in Ecuador" 7041:, New York, 2000, p.5. 6908:Lavilla, E.O. (2004). 6863:Cieza de León, Pedro. 6098:ecuadorencifras.gob.ec 5742: 5695:Spanish pronunciation: 5523: 5432: 5410: 5354:Jose Joaquin de Olmedo 5309: 5051: 5030: 4347: 4280: 4194: 3838: 3767: 3759: 3666:Ciudad Mitad del Mundo 3660:Cultural attractions: 3639:El Cajas National Park 3611: 3600: 3531: 3476: 3451: 3412: 3355: 3311: 3304:pale-mandibled aracari 2991: 2980: 2968: 2916: 2736: 2719: 2708: 2629: 2617:LGBT rights in Ecuador 2539: 2494:branches of government 2408: 2263: 2107: 2068:Rodrigo Borja Cevallos 1940: 1924: 1863: 1824: 1783: 1487:José Joaquín de Olmedo 1430: 1411: 1368:Alexander von Humboldt 1326: 1183: 1163: 1147: 149: 112: 54: 14062:President Pro Tempore 13845:OPEC Reference Basket 13807:Republic of the Congo 13577:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13316:President pro tempore 13086:Saint Kitts and Nevis 12109:Pre-Columbian Ecuador 11938:Striffler, S. (2001) 11695:25 April 2012 at the 11151:10.3406/jsa.1997.1677 10761:. CIA. Archived from 10290:, Population Division 10261:, Population Division 9732:"The World Fact Book" 9454:18 March 2015 at the 9268:Yahoo Noticias España 8976:Nature Communications 8944:25 March 2012 at the 8072:11 April 2020 at the 8052:11 April 2020 at the 8021:Parliamentary Affairs 7457:18 March 2015 at the 7434:16 April 2015 at the 7300:. 29 September 2008. 6880:Historia de los Incas 6833:Rostworowski, María. 6818:Rostworowski, María. 6003:. 11 September 2012. 5891:. 21 September 2023. 5743:República del Ecuador 5576:has appeared at four 5518: 5499:traditional paintings 5418: 5403:(author of the novel 5397:Luis Alberto Costales 5385:Jorge Carrera Andrade 5338:Juan Bautista Aguirre 5305: 5073:Television in Ecuador 5046: 5025: 4342: 4278: 4190: 4180:into a local form of 3999:(spoken by the Awá), 3833: 3765: 3749: 3606: 3595: 3523: 3516:Sciences and research 3470: 3441: 3410: 3347: 3334:World Heritage Site. 3316:megadiverse countries 3296:megadiverse countries 3293: 3263:in coastal areas and 2986: 2974: 2967:Ecuadorian topography 2966: 2911: 2735:, Tungurahua Province 2730: 2717: 2645:freedom of expression 2634:Amnesty International 2624: 2590:law on human mobility 2530:Ecuadorian President 2529: 2426:First Lady of Ecuador 2405:Palacio de Carondelet 2403: 2364:Palacio de Carondelet 2304:presidential election 2266:In the 11 April 2021 2253: 2093: 2081:¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! 2044:Jaime Roldós Aguilera 1997:Cordillera del Cóndor 1970:Cain de Latinoamérica 1949:Cordillera del Cóndor 1930: 1919: 1901:In 1978, the city of 1861: 1822: 1777: 1769:Antonio José de Sucre 1749:Congress of Angostura 1690:Antonio José de Sucre 1511:Gabriel García Moreno 1440:Antonio José de Sucre 1417: 1409:Antonio José de Sucre 1406: 1347:became the seat of a 1316: 1169: 1153: 1133: 1075:República del Ecuador 1047:megadiverse countries 665:$ 268.1 billion ( 162:"Hail, Oh Fatherland" 55:República del Ecuador 13817:United Arab Emirates 11989:President of Ecuador 11910:O'Connor, E. (2007) 11791:El Diario de Ecuador 11688:Dolores Veintimilla 11495:on 11 September 2012 9909:17 July 2012 at the 9864:30 June 2012 at the 9712:on 20 September 2014 9661:17 June 2012 at the 9550:on 28 September 2014 8786:Dowl, Aimee (2010). 8418:"Armada del Ecuador" 8404:19 July 2011 at the 8328:on 24 September 2015 8065:Alexandra Valencia, 7583:. 13 February 2020. 7240:. 27 November 2006. 7061:on 27 September 2013 6850:Miscelánea antártica 6651:"Valdivia Figurines" 6345:on 20 December 2019. 5985:– via CIA.gov. 5612:Latin America portal 5344:in 1725, and Father 4335:Education in Ecuador 3917:Languages in Ecuador 3908:Languages of Ecuador 3772:Transport in Ecuador 3643:Sangay National Park 3635:Yasuni National Park 3629:Nature attractions: 3536:World Economic Forum 3527:'s first satellite, 3444:United States dollar 3384:case. This American 2989:Yasuní National Park 2975:Historically famous 2953:Geography of Ecuador 2913:Ecuadorian Air Force 2718:Provinces of Ecuador 2695:Provinces of Ecuador 2372:current constitution 2213:trade liberalization 2205:economically liberal 2190:international courts 2138:United States dollar 2136:Ecuador adopted the 2119:1996 Summer Olympics 2102:and his predecessor 2100:Rocío González Navas 2057:Marco Subia Martinez 1939:on 10 February 1995. 1507:Antonio Flores Jijón 1499:Pedro José de Arteta 1420:Guayaquil Conference 1309:Spanish colonization 1140:Santa Elena Province 1032:Non-Aligned Movement 804:United States dollar 600:• 2023 estimate 547:Current constitution 224:0.22000°S 78.51194°W 14139: / 14057:Constitutive Treaty 13597:Trinidad and Tobago 13452:Antigua and Barbuda 13152:Mercosur · Mercosul 13056:Antigua and Barbuda 12176:1922 general strike 12119:War of Independence 11903:Hurtado, O. (2010) 11889:Gerlach, A. (2003) 11882:Crowder, N. (2009) 10836:Library of Congress 10797:on 25 December 2010 10705:on 21 February 2012 10469:"Religious Beliefs" 10099:on 2 September 2021 10033:10.34667/tind.46596 9423:"Ecuador en Cifras" 9178:. 29 January 2020. 8988:2020NatCo..11.5978G 8958:Sociobosque Program 8446:on 20 December 2011 8428:on 10 October 2017. 8354:on 27 November 2011 8230:. 5 February 2012. 8023:. Oxford Academic. 7990:"Compulsory Voting" 7669:. 14 October 2019. 6611:(3730): 1731–1732. 6510:on 29 November 2014 6309:on 21 February 2019 6289:"¡Iniuri seamkur!, 6173:. 10 October 2023. 6134:. 10 October 2023. 5889:censoecuador.gob.ec 5554:from Riobamba; and 5443:Ecuadorian painters 5381:Jorge Enrique Adoum 5278:, elsewhere called 5155:Ceviche ecuatoriano 4948:Emergency Quota Act 4219:Jehovah's Witnesses 4171:Jehovah's Witnesses 4065:Religion in Ecuador 3766:Railways in Ecuador 3655:Baños de Agua Santa 3560:José Aurelio Dueñas 3328:Theory of Evolution 2904:Military of Ecuador 2733:Baños de Agua Santa 2542:Ecuador joined the 2374:was written by the 2335:Politics of Ecuador 2254:Outgoing President 2074:(brother in law of 2064:León Febres Cordero 2017:Guillermo Rodríguez 2015:was led by General 1789:Department of Cauca 1700:(1777) between the 1686:Treaty of Guayaquil 1444:Battle of Pichincha 1438:independence after 1353:Viceroyalty of Peru 1299:battle of Cajamarca 1196:last glacial period 1142:) displayed in the 1034:. According to the 915:Republic of Ecuador 451:Verónica Abad Rojas 229:-0.22000; -78.51194 220: / 50:Republic of Ecuador 13512:Dominican Republic 13357:Venezuelan bolívar 13347:Paraguayan guaraní 13173:Treaty of Asunción 12590:Indigenous peoples 12481:Telecommunications 12391:National Congress 12007:The World Factbook 11931:Sawyer, S. (2004) 11854:Becker, M. (2008) 11710:"Yapanga de Quito" 11650:3 May 2011 at the 11487:Elisabeth Hurtel. 11209:on 24 October 2018 11058:on 18 October 2013 10893:Mémoire des luttes 10868:on 26 October 2007 10759:The World Factbook 10679:on 6 December 2010 10183:on 1 February 2014 10177:"News And Updates" 10156:on 19 January 2012 9840:on 17 October 2014 9633:. 6 January 2022. 9238:The New York Times 9107:. 12 August 2020. 9077:. 12 August 2020. 9051:on 4 February 2013 8688:and the Galapagos. 8501:Todd, Ian (1974). 8422:Armada del Ecuador 8228:The New York Times 7935:. 9 January 2024. 7347:The New York Times 7208:The New York Times 6572:Walters Art Museum 6068:The World Factbook 5862:on 17 October 2015 5830:The World Factbook 5699:[ekwaˈðoɾ] 5627:Outline of Ecuador 5524: 5491:Estuardo Maldonado 5451:Oswaldo Guayasamín 5433: 5318:Jacinto Collahuazo 5314:Spanish Golden Age 5310: 5176:Ecuadorian cuisine 5157:(Ecuadorian-style 5052: 5031: 5018:Culture of Ecuador 4934:In the 1950s, the 4925:Anglo American plc 4348: 4281: 4242:National Socialism 4195: 4033:Ecuadorian Spanish 3839: 3835:Population pyramid 3768: 3760: 3612: 3601: 3588:Tourism in Ecuador 3532: 3477: 3452: 3417:developing economy 3413: 3403:Economy of Ecuador 3356: 3312: 3255:Climate of Ecuador 2992: 2981: 2969: 2917: 2737: 2720: 2699:Cantons of Ecuador 2657:Human Rights Watch 2630: 2540: 2432:Legislative branch 2409: 2345:Legislative Branch 2302:won the premature 2264: 2241:austerity measures 2233:series of protests 2108: 1962:Sixto Durán Ballén 1941: 1925: 1909:were inscribed as 1864: 1825: 1784: 1778:Map of the former 1745:Jaén de Bracamoros 1624:Angoteros incident 1535:Liberal Revolution 1503:Manuel de Ascásubi 1483:Vicente Rocafuerte 1431: 1412: 1327: 1254:Topa Inca Yupanqui 1233:(near present-day 1225:on the coast, the 1223:Machalilla Culture 1184: 1164: 1160:Walters Art Museum 1148: 1117:History of Ecuador 1083:Ecuador Department 1012:developing country 954:indigenous peoples 702:2024 estimate 650:2024 estimate 534:Liberal Revolution 278:Ethnic groups 14122: 14121: 14116: 14115: 14072:Bank of the South 14067:Secretary General 14052:Cusco Declaration 13984: 13983: 13934:Suspended members 13853: 13852: 13772:Equatorial Guinea 13721: 13720: 13620: 13619: 13398: 13397: 13283: 13282: 13243:Associated states 13118: 13117: 13006: 13005: 12945:Associate members 12873: 12872: 12831: 12830: 12673: 12672: 12633: 12632: 12509: 12508: 12454:Coffee production 12424: 12423: 12399:Political parties 12386:National Assembly 12376:Foreign relations 12348: 12347: 12171:Concha Revolution 11917:Pineo, R. (2007) 11662:Robertson, W.S., 11377:. 25 April 2016. 10992:978-1-60960-772-2 10646:on 5 October 2010 10560:"Jews in Ecuador" 10398:. November 2014. 10042:978-92-805-3432-0 9986:. 16 April 2007. 8875:on 23 March 2006. 8268:. Freedom House. 8147:. 11 March 2020. 8125:on 28 August 2018 7699:. 12 April 2021. 7474:, co-director of 7238:Los Angeles Times 6232:. 13 March 2024. 6071:(2024 ed.). 5755:Ikwayur Ripuwlika 5561:Copa Libertadores 5526:The most popular 5362:Victoria de Junin 5006:La Decada Perdida 4987:Venezuelan crisis 4842: 4841: 4271:Health in Ecuador 4146: 4145: 3987: 3986: 3975:Other Indigenous 3863:live in Ecuador. 3822:Ecuadorian people 3797:in Quito and the 3716:Bahía de Caráquez 3687:Snowy mountains: 3631:Galápagos Islands 3353:Galápagos Islands 3203:Galápagos Islands 3199:La Región Insular 3151:provinces – 2996:Galápagos Islands 2959:Rivers of Ecuador 2555:Antarctica Treaty 2482:political parties 2444:National Assembly 2146:country's economy 2026:Richelieu Levoyer 1954:Paquisha Incident 1907:Galápagos Islands 1706:Portuguese Empire 1663: 1662: 1491:José María Urbina 1472:Galapagos Islands 1321:, capital of the 1055:Galápagos Islands 935:Galápagos Islands 913:, officially the 908: 907: 763:medium inequality 727:• Per capita 675:• Per capita 552:28 September 2008 465:National Assembly 176: 16:(Redirected from 14224: 14172:Andean Community 14154: 14153: 14151: 14150: 14149: 14144: 14143:2.000°S 77.500°W 14140: 14137: 14136: 14135: 14132: 14108:Andean Community 13900: 13899: 13880: 13873: 13866: 13857: 13856: 13748: 13741: 13734: 13725: 13724: 13632:General Assembly 13445: 13444: 13425: 13418: 13411: 13402: 13401: 13198: 13197: 13145: 13138: 13131: 13122: 13121: 13113: 13033: 13026: 13019: 13010: 13009: 12900: 12893: 12886: 12877: 12876: 12854:Falkland Islands 12839: 12735: 12734: 12713: 12706: 12699: 12690: 12689: 12677: 12676: 12653: 12646: 12520: 12519: 12464:Economic history 12435: 12434: 12394: 12359: 12358: 12278: 12277: 12266: 12242:2000 coup d'état 12144:March Revolution 12082: 12075: 12068: 12059: 12058: 12046: 12045: 12036: 12035: 11993: 11956:, Insight Guides 11834: 11833: 11805: 11799: 11798: 11783: 11777: 11776: 11761: 11755: 11754: 11739: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11728: 11715:Museo de América 11705: 11699: 11686: 11680: 11673: 11667: 11660: 11654: 11636: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11603: 11597: 11596: 11578: 11554: 11548: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11511: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11484: 11478: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11458: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11397: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11356: 11337: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11326: 11316: 11296: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11285: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11259: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11226: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11205:. Archived from 11199: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11188: 11173: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11130: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11089: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11037: 11031: 11025:. Archived from 11024: 11015: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11004: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10965: 10946: 10940: 10939: 10920: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10884: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10864:. Archived from 10854: 10848: 10847: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10786: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10669: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10636: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10617:on 17 March 2012 10607: 10601: 10598: 10592: 10591:. Congreso Judío 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10575: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10545: 10526: 10520: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10506: 10491: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10465: 10459: 10447: 10443: 10437: 10425: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10412: 10410: 10404: 10397: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10343:. Archived from 10337: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10285: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10251: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10231:. Archived from 10225: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10179:. Archived from 10175:David Grijalva. 10172: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10161: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10126:. Archived from 10115: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10093:INSEAD Knowledge 10085: 10079: 10078: 10072: 10068: 10066: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10018: 10012: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9976: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9950: 9944: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9920: 9914: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9875: 9869: 9856: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9836:. Archived from 9829: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9803: 9797: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9742:on 24 March 2017 9728: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9708:. Archived from 9702: 9696: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9672: 9666: 9653: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9642: 9623: 9617: 9616: 9614: 9612: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9566: 9560: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9546:. Archived from 9540: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9514: 9508: 9494: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9465: 9459: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9419: 9413: 9399: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9373: 9367: 9354: 9348: 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9309: 9303: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9198: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9168: 9162: 9161: 9151: 9127: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9047:. Archived from 9034: 9028: 9027: 9017: 8999: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8948: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8909: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8867: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8816: 8810: 8807: 8801: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8770: 8768: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8727: 8725: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8684: 8682: 8676: 8669: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8646: 8644: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8612: 8610: 8604: 8597: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8573: 8571: 8565: 8558: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8528: 8526: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8485: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8424:. Archived from 8414: 8408: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8344: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8191: 8176: 8175: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156: 8141: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8099:on 29 March 2018 8098: 8092:. Archived from 8091: 8083: 8077: 8063: 8057: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7992:. Archived from 7986: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7955: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7944: 7929: 7923: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7886: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7633: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7557:. 18 June 2019. 7551: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7495: 7489: 7486: 7480: 7449: 7443: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7337: 7331: 7330:, 27 April 2009. 7320: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7169: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7085:Films For Action 7077: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7057:. Archived from 7051: 7042: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7012:on 22 June 2012. 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6960:on 8 August 2018 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6929: 6914: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6815: 6809: 6808: 6798: 6788: 6779:(Suppl 7): 413. 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6657:. October 2004. 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6563: 6557: 6555: 6549: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6506:. Archived from 6500: 6494: 6492: 6486: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6443: 6436: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6333: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6302:. Archived from 6297: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6265:. 27 June 2011. 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6238: 6227: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6159: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6046: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5897: 5886: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5858:. Archived from 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5822: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785: 5765: 5736: 5730: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5643: 5614: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5556:Deportivo Cuenca 5534:from Guayaquil, 5528:sport in Ecuador 5511:Sport in Ecuador 5483:Judith Gutiérrez 5461:, Jaime Zapata, 5389:Benjamín Carrión 5148: 5139: 5088:Music of Ecuador 4528: 4518: 4475: 4465: 4413: 4401: 4400: 4297:Consulta Externa 4290:medical missions 4203:Islam in Ecuador 4182:folk Catholicism 4071: 4070: 4053:Amazonic Spanish 3914: 3913: 3886:Afro-Ecuadorians 3869:Islam in Ecuador 3375:. Additionally, 3339:rights of nature 3269:tropical climate 3223:Mount Chimborazo 3173:Zamora-Chinchipe 3143:, also known as 3004:transcontinental 2874:Zamora Chinchipe 2664:freedom of press 2490:Electoral Branch 2468:Electoral branch 2413:executive branch 2390:Executive branch 2353:Electoral Branch 2341:Executive Branch 2177:new constitution 2165:election of 2006 2142:Ecuadorian sucre 2129:won gold in the 1872:province of Loja 1793:Juan José Flores 1787:separation, the 1765:Battle of Tarqui 1694:Battle of Tarqui 1668:Juan José Flores 1604: 1602: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1569: 1568: 1479:Juan José Flores 1387:national holiday 1219:Valdivia Culture 1136:Valdivia culture 1102: 1101: 1097: 1080: 1059:rights of nature 823: 822:−5 / −6 790: 789: 783: 782: 776: 765: 764: 758: 757: 751: 735: 734: 716: 715: 699: 683: 682: 664: 663: 647: 614:16,938,986 ( 526:16 February 1840 512: 483:• Declared 262: 235: 234: 232: 231: 230: 225: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 189: 178: 177: 163: 158: 154: 151:Salve, Oh Patria 123: 115: 92: 78: 60: 57: 46: 45: 21: 14232: 14231: 14227: 14226: 14225: 14223: 14222: 14221: 14157: 14156: 14148:-2.000; -77.500 14147: 14145: 14141: 14138: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14126: 14125: 14123: 14118: 14117: 14112: 14091: 14040: 13980: 13929: 13889: 13884: 13854: 13849: 13826: 13758: 13752: 13722: 13717: 13676: 13616: 13434: 13429: 13399: 13394: 13382: 13361: 13325: 13304: 13279: 13238: 13187: 13161: 13154: 13149: 13119: 13114: 13105: 13042: 13037: 13007: 13002: 12981: 12940: 12909: 12904: 12874: 12869: 12840: 12827: 12804: 12729: 12722: 12717: 12682: 12674: 12669: 12656: 12649: 12642: 12629: 12610:Public holidays 12561: 12505: 12420: 12392: 12344: 12267: 12258: 12095: 12086: 12043: 12033: 12024:Ecuador profile 11991: 11985: 11980: 11963:, Lonely Planet 11959:Various (2009) 11952:Various (2010) 11907:, Madison Books 11843: 11841:Further reading 11838: 11837: 11806: 11802: 11785: 11784: 11780: 11763: 11762: 11758: 11741: 11740: 11736: 11726: 11724: 11706: 11702: 11697:Wayback Machine 11690:Brief biography 11687: 11683: 11674: 11670: 11661: 11657: 11652:Wayback Machine 11637: 11630: 11620: 11618: 11605: 11604: 11600: 11555: 11551: 11538: 11534: 11524: 11522: 11517:. August 2021. 11513: 11512: 11508: 11498: 11496: 11485: 11481: 11471: 11469: 11460: 11459: 11455: 11445: 11443: 11438:. 4 July 2012. 11436:Chicago Tribune 11430: 11429: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11398: 11394: 11384: 11382: 11369: 11368: 11364: 11354: 11352: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11324: 11322: 11297: 11293: 11283: 11281: 11272: 11271: 11267: 11257: 11255: 11240: 11236: 11220: 11219: 11212: 11210: 11203:"Archived copy" 11201: 11200: 11196: 11186: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11160: 11158: 11131: 11127: 11117: 11115: 11102: 11101: 11097: 11087: 11085: 11076: 11075: 11071: 11061: 11059: 11050: 11049: 11045: 11035: 11033: 11032:on 20 July 2020 11029: 11022: 11016: 11012: 11002: 11000: 10993: 10977: 10973: 10963: 10961: 10948: 10947: 10943: 10922: 10921: 10912: 10902: 10900: 10885: 10881: 10871: 10869: 10856: 10855: 10851: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10800: 10798: 10787: 10778: 10768: 10766: 10765:on 16 June 2019 10753: 10752: 10748: 10738: 10736: 10723: 10722: 10718: 10708: 10706: 10697: 10696: 10692: 10682: 10680: 10671: 10670: 10659: 10649: 10647: 10638: 10637: 10630: 10620: 10618: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10599: 10595: 10587: 10583: 10573: 10571: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10543: 10541: 10528: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10514: 10504: 10502: 10493: 10492: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10467: 10466: 10462: 10456:Wayback Machine 10445: 10444: 10440: 10434:Wayback Machine 10423: 10422: 10418: 10408: 10406: 10402: 10395: 10391: 10390: 10386: 10376: 10374: 10365: 10364: 10360: 10350: 10348: 10347:on 9 April 2021 10339: 10338: 10334: 10324: 10322: 10307: 10303: 10293: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10278: 10274: 10264: 10262: 10253: 10252: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10235:on 17 June 2013 10227: 10226: 10222: 10212: 10210: 10201: 10200: 10196: 10186: 10184: 10173: 10169: 10159: 10157: 10148: 10147: 10143: 10133: 10131: 10116: 10112: 10102: 10100: 10087: 10086: 10082: 10070: 10069: 10060: 10059: 10052: 10050: 10043: 10019: 10015: 10007: 10003: 9993: 9991: 9978: 9977: 9973: 9963: 9961: 9952: 9951: 9947: 9937: 9935: 9922: 9921: 9917: 9911:Wayback Machine 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9866:Wayback Machine 9857: 9853: 9843: 9841: 9830: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9794:Wayback Machine 9785: 9781: 9771: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9745: 9743: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9715: 9713: 9704: 9703: 9699: 9689: 9687: 9674: 9673: 9669: 9663:Wayback Machine 9654: 9650: 9640: 9638: 9625: 9624: 9620: 9610: 9608: 9593: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9568: 9567: 9563: 9553: 9551: 9542: 9541: 9537: 9527: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9511: 9505:Wayback Machine 9495: 9488: 9478: 9476: 9467: 9466: 9462: 9456:Wayback Machine 9446: 9442: 9432: 9430: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9410:Wayback Machine 9400: 9396: 9386: 9384: 9375: 9374: 9370: 9364:Wayback Machine 9355: 9351: 9345:Wayback Machine 9336: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9300:Wayback Machine 9291: 9287: 9277: 9275: 9262: 9261: 9257: 9247: 9245: 9230: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9199: 9195: 9185: 9183: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9128: 9124: 9114: 9112: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9084: 9082: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9035: 9031: 8967: 8963: 8955: 8951: 8946:Wayback Machine 8939:Protected Areas 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8911: 8910: 8906: 8896: 8894: 8885: 8884: 8880: 8872: 8865: 8861: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8839: 8829: 8827: 8818: 8817: 8813: 8808: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8784: 8780: 8766: 8764: 8757: 8741: 8737: 8723: 8721: 8714: 8698: 8694: 8680: 8678: 8674: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8642: 8640: 8626: 8622: 8608: 8606: 8602: 8595: 8587: 8583: 8569: 8567: 8563: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8524: 8522: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8479: 8478: 8471: 8469: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8438: 8437: 8433: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8406:Wayback Machine 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8357: 8355: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8331: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8305: 8303: 8290: 8289: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8251: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8222: 8221: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8193: 8192: 8179: 8168: 8164: 8154: 8152: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8128: 8126: 8117: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8080: 8074:Wayback Machine 8064: 8060: 8054:Wayback Machine 8044: 8040: 8030: 8028: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7996:on 12 June 2009 7988: 7987: 7983: 7973: 7971: 7956: 7952: 7942: 7940: 7931: 7930: 7926: 7916: 7914: 7901: 7900: 7896: 7880: 7879: 7872: 7870: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7818:Washington Post 7812: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7795: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7750: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7721: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7691: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7634: 7630: 7620: 7618: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7579: 7578: 7574: 7564: 7562: 7553: 7552: 7548: 7538: 7536: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7512: 7510: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7483: 7459:Wayback Machine 7450: 7446: 7436:Wayback Machine 7427: 7423: 7413: 7411: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7387: 7385: 7380:. May 7, 2011. 7372: 7371: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7338: 7334: 7321: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7184: 7171: 7170: 7166: 7156: 7154: 7139: 7135: 7125: 7123: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7064: 7062: 7053: 7052: 7045: 7036: 7032: 7021: 7017: 7004: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6930:on 19 July 2011 6927: 6912: 6906: 6902: 6891: 6887: 6876: 6872: 6861: 6857: 6846: 6842: 6831: 6827: 6816: 6812: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6634: 6632: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6581: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6543: 6542: 6535: 6533: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6480: 6479: 6472: 6470: 6465: 6464: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6415: 6413: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6360:. Wea Nekaptai. 6354: 6350: 6342: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6295: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6206: 6204: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6161: 6160: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6077: 6075: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6040: 6039: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5952: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5884: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5824: 5823: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5786: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5737: 5733: 5703: 5702: 5694: 5687: 5677: 5676: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5596: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5578:FIFA World Cups 5544:Deportivo Quito 5513: 5507: 5479:Araceli Gilbert 5467:Aníbal Villacís 5447:Eduardo Kingman 5438:Escuela Quiteña 5413: 5387:; the essayist 5346:Juan de Velasco 5300: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5141: 5140: 5129: 5123: 5090: 5084: 5079: 5071:Main articles: 5069: 5020: 5014: 4929:Alberto Spencer 4885:Roman Catholics 4878:Migration from 4854: 4848: 4843: 4529: 4523: 4519: 4476: 4470: 4466: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4367: 4361: 4337: 4331: 4273: 4267: 4148: 4147: 4139: 4126: 4111: 4096: 4067: 4061: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3967: 3954: 3939: 3910: 3904: 3857:Ecuadorian Jews 3828: 3818: 3812: 3774: 3744: 3590: 3584: 3518: 3405: 3399: 3361:protected areas 3288: 3257: 3251: 3215:Guayas Province 3153:Morona Santiago 2961: 2955: 2949: 2906: 2900: 2856:Morona Santiago 2725: 2701: 2693:Main articles: 2691: 2619: 2613: 2524: 2518: 2516:Foreign affairs 2502: 2486:electoral court 2470: 2457: 2455:Judicial branch 2440: 2434: 2398: 2392: 2349:Judicial Branch 2337: 2331: 2272:Guillermo Lasso 2256:Guillermo Lasso 2209:public spending 2173:2008 referendum 2160:took his place 2158:Alfredo Palacio 2154:Lucio Gutiérrez 2127:Jefferson Pérez 2040: 2034: 2005: 1982:Book of Genesis 1976:by his brother 1817: 1718: 1664: 1659: 1653: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1566: 1560: 1543: 1537: 1529:Afro-Ecuadorian 1401: 1395: 1311: 1204:Central America 1182:), the main god 1156:Manabí Province 1128: 1123: 1115:Main articles: 1113: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1067: 1010:republic and a 982:Native American 970:sovereign state 904: 818: 787: 786: 785: 774: 762: 761: 760: 749: 728: 709: 697: 676: 657: 641: 625: 611: 601: 584: 570: 549: 536: 523: 513: 507: 497: 484: 447: 432: 390: 378: 343: 335: 282: 260: 228: 226: 222: 219: 214: 211: 209: 207: 206: 205: 194: 193: 180: 179: 168: 159: 156: 139: 117: 100: 99: 98: 93: 85: 84: 79: 66: 58: 51: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14230: 14220: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14120: 14119: 14114: 14113: 14111: 14110: 14105: 14099: 14097: 14093: 14092: 14090: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14048: 14046: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14011:2009 Argentina 14008: 14003: 13998: 13992: 13990: 13986: 13985: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13937: 13935: 13931: 13930: 13928: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13906: 13904: 13897: 13891: 13890: 13883: 13882: 13875: 13868: 13860: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13831: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13763: 13760: 13759: 13751: 13750: 13743: 13736: 13728: 13719: 13718: 13716: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13684: 13682: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13628: 13626: 13622: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13448: 13442: 13436: 13435: 13428: 13427: 13420: 13413: 13405: 13396: 13395: 13392:European Union 13390: 13388: 13384: 13383: 13381: 13380: 13375: 13369: 13367: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13359: 13354: 13352:Uruguayan peso 13349: 13344: 13342:Brazilian real 13339: 13337:Argentine peso 13333: 13331: 13327: 13326: 13324: 13323: 13318: 13312: 13310: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13302: 13297: 13291: 13289: 13285: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13246: 13244: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13204: 13202: 13195: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13169: 13167: 13163: 13162: 13159: 13156: 13155: 13148: 13147: 13140: 13133: 13125: 13116: 13115: 13108: 13106: 13104: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13052: 13050: 13044: 13043: 13036: 13035: 13028: 13021: 13013: 13004: 13003: 13001: 13000: 12995: 12989: 12987: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12948: 12946: 12942: 12941: 12939: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12910: 12903: 12902: 12895: 12888: 12880: 12871: 12870: 12868: 12867: 12866: 12865: 12850: 12848: 12842: 12841: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12828: 12826: 12825: 12824: 12823: 12812: 12810: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12741: 12739: 12732: 12724: 12723: 12716: 12715: 12708: 12701: 12693: 12687: 12684: 12683: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12667: 12662: 12655: 12654: 12647: 12639: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12631: 12630: 12628: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12605:Notable people 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12571: 12569: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12523: 12517: 12511: 12510: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12472: 12471: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12450: 12449: 12438: 12432: 12426: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12418: 12416:Vice President 12413: 12412: 12411: 12401: 12396: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12362: 12356: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12325:National parks 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12281: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12224: 12223: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12210:El Carnavalazo 12207: 12197: 12192: 12191: 12190: 12180: 12179: 12178: 12173: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12152: 12151: 12146: 12136: 12131: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12105: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12085: 12084: 12077: 12070: 12062: 12056: 12055: 12040: 12030: 12021: 12015: 11999: 11994: 11984: 11983:External links 11981: 11979: 11978: 11971: 11964: 11957: 11950: 11943: 11936: 11929: 11922: 11915: 11908: 11901: 11894: 11887: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11852: 11851:, Rough Guides 11844: 11842: 11839: 11836: 11835: 11800: 11778: 11769:Diario Expreso 11756: 11734: 11700: 11681: 11668: 11655: 11628: 11598: 11549: 11532: 11506: 11479: 11453: 11423: 11392: 11362: 11332: 11291: 11265: 11234: 11194: 11168: 11145:(1): 201–227. 11125: 11095: 11069: 11043: 11010: 10991: 10985:. IGI Global. 10971: 10941: 10938:on 3 May 2010. 10910: 10879: 10849: 10808: 10776: 10746: 10716: 10690: 10657: 10628: 10602: 10593: 10581: 10551: 10521: 10512: 10486: 10460: 10438: 10416: 10384: 10358: 10332: 10301: 10272: 10246: 10220: 10194: 10167: 10141: 10130:on 10 May 2011 10110: 10080: 10071:|website= 10041: 10013: 10001: 9971: 9945: 9915: 9896: 9870: 9851: 9824: 9798: 9779: 9753: 9738:Archived from 9723: 9697: 9667: 9648: 9618: 9587: 9570:"Oil Reserves" 9561: 9535: 9509: 9486: 9460: 9440: 9414: 9394: 9368: 9349: 9330: 9304: 9285: 9255: 9224: 9193: 9163: 9122: 9092: 9062: 9029: 8961: 8949: 8930: 8904: 8878: 8854: 8837: 8811: 8802: 8793: 8778: 8755: 8735: 8712: 8692: 8653: 8620: 8581: 8543: 8513: 8493: 8457: 8431: 8409: 8391: 8365: 8339: 8313: 8283: 8257: 8245: 8215: 8177: 8162: 8136: 8110: 8078: 8058: 8038: 8007: 7981: 7950: 7924: 7894: 7849: 7823: 7805: 7775: 7744: 7714: 7684: 7654: 7628: 7598: 7572: 7546: 7520: 7490: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7444: 7421: 7410:on 12 May 2013 7395: 7365: 7332: 7315: 7285: 7255: 7225: 7194: 7164: 7133: 7102: 7072: 7043: 7030: 7015: 6997: 6971: 6941: 6900: 6893:Favre, Henri. 6885: 6870: 6855: 6840: 6825: 6810: 6757: 6727: 6672: 6642: 6591: 6558: 6521: 6495: 6455: 6423: 6389: 6363: 6348: 6320: 6280: 6250: 6214: 6199:. World Bank. 6188: 6149: 6115: 6085: 6054: 6018: 5988: 5962: 5935: 5909: 5873: 5847: 5806: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5731: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5601: 5598:Ecuador portal 5585: 5582: 5540:Barcelona S.C. 5509:Main article: 5506: 5503: 5471:Theo Constanté 5463:Enrique Tábara 5412: 5409: 5393:Emanuel Xavier 5370:Juan Leon Mera 5350:Eugenio Espejo 5299: 5296: 5194:fried plantain 5153: 5152: 5143: 5142: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5119: 5086:Main article: 5083: 5080: 5068: 5065: 5016:Main article: 5013: 5010: 4962:Latin American 4918:. The town of 4847: 4844: 4840: 4839: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4512: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4399: 4397:) and Ambato. 4360: 4359:Largest cities 4357: 4333:Main article: 4330: 4327: 4269:Main article: 4266: 4263: 4154:and 0.11% are 4144: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4063:Main article: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4048:Andean Spanish 4045: 4009:Achuar-Shiwiar 3985: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3906:Main article: 3903: 3900: 3814:Main article: 3811: 3808: 3770:Main article: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3708: 3685: 3658: 3586:Main article: 3583: 3580: 3548:Eugenio Espejo 3529:NEE-01 Pegasus 3517: 3514: 3446:is the common 3415:Ecuador has a 3401:Main article: 3398: 3395: 3382:Texaco-Chevron 3287: 3284: 3253:Main article: 3250: 3247: 3207: 3206: 3196: 3138: 3080: 2951:Main article: 2948: 2945: 2902:Main article: 2899: 2896: 2881: 2880: 2862: 2844: 2818: 2804: 2782: 2764: 2724: 2721: 2690: 2687: 2683:United Nations 2612: 2609: 2538:, 20 July 2019 2520:Main article: 2517: 2514: 2501: 2498: 2469: 2466: 2456: 2453: 2436:Main article: 2433: 2430: 2394:Main article: 2391: 2388: 2333:Main article: 2330: 2327: 2308:Luisa González 2106:, 3 April 2017 2072:Abdalá Bucaram 2033: 2030: 2022:Alfredo Poveda 2004: 2001: 1816: 1813: 1758:José de La Mar 1717: 1714: 1702:Spanish Empire 1661: 1660: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1595: 1594: 1587: 1580: 1572: 1562:Main article: 1559: 1556: 1539:Main article: 1536: 1533: 1397:Main article: 1394: 1391: 1382:Luz de América 1355:and later the 1349:real audiencia 1310: 1307: 1127: 1124: 1112: 1109: 1066: 1063: 1016:United Nations 925:on the north, 921:, bordered by 906: 905: 903: 902: 891: 888: 887: 882: 876: 875: 870: 864: 863: 858: 852: 851: 848: 842: 841: 838: 834: 833: 816: 812: 811: 801: 797: 796: 777: 767: 766: 752: 742: 741: 729: 726: 723: 722: 710: 707: 704: 703: 700: 690: 689: 684:$ 14,485 ( 677: 674: 671: 670: 658: 655: 652: 651: 648: 634: 633: 626: 624:• Density 623: 620: 619: 612: 609: 606: 605: 602: 599: 596: 595: 589: 588: 585: 582: 579: 578: 571: 568: 565: 564: 558: 557: 554: 553: 550: 544: 541: 540: 537: 531: 528: 527: 524: 521: 518: 517: 514: 505: 502: 501: 498: 492: 489: 488: 487:10 August 1809 485: 482: 479: 478: 475: 474: 468: 467: 462: 458: 457: 454: 453: 448: 445:Vice President 442: 439: 438: 433: 427: 424: 423: 420: 419: 410: 404: 403: 398: 392: 391: 389: 388: 385: 379: 377: 376: 375: 374: 368: 362: 349: 346: 344: 341: 337: 336: 334: 333: 330: 324: 318: 312: 301: 285: 283: 280: 274: 273: 263: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 200: 196: 195: 191: 190: 182: 181: 166: 165: 141: 140: 138: 137: 134: 124: 108: 102: 101: 94: 87: 86: 80: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 52: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14229: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14164: 14162: 14155: 14152: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14094: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14049: 14047: 14043: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13993: 13991: 13987: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13907: 13905: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13881: 13876: 13874: 13869: 13867: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13832: 13829: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13764: 13761: 13756: 13749: 13744: 13742: 13737: 13735: 13730: 13729: 13726: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13679: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13627: 13623: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13602:United States 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13426: 13421: 13419: 13414: 13412: 13407: 13406: 13403: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13364: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13311: 13307: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13286: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13241: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13184: 13183:Visa policies 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13164: 13157: 13153: 13146: 13141: 13139: 13134: 13132: 13127: 13126: 13123: 13112: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13048:Member states 13045: 13041: 13034: 13029: 13027: 13022: 13020: 13015: 13014: 13011: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12990: 12988: 12984: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12949: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12918: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12901: 12896: 12894: 12889: 12887: 12882: 12881: 12878: 12864: 12861: 12860: 12859: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12843: 12838: 12822: 12821:French Guiana 12819: 12818: 12817: 12814: 12813: 12811: 12807: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12725: 12721: 12714: 12709: 12707: 12702: 12700: 12695: 12694: 12691: 12685: 12678: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12652: 12648: 12645: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12568: 12564: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12524: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12512: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12448: 12445: 12444: 12443: 12440: 12439: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12427: 12417: 12414: 12410: 12407: 12406: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12363: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12265: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12229: 12228: 12225: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12202: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12189: 12186: 12185: 12184: 12181: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12141: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12129: 12128:reunification 12125: 12124:Gran Colombia 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12083: 12078: 12076: 12071: 12069: 12064: 12063: 12060: 12054: 12053:OpenStreetMap 12050: 12041: 12039: 12031: 12029: 12025: 12022: 12019: 12016: 12013: 12009: 12008: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11990: 11987: 11986: 11976: 11972: 11969: 11965: 11962: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11941: 11937: 11934: 11930: 11927: 11923: 11920: 11916: 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11021: 11014: 10998: 10994: 10988: 10984: 10983: 10975: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10945: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10925: 10919: 10917: 10915: 10898: 10895:(in French). 10894: 10890: 10883: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10853: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10823: 10822:public domain 10812: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10750: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10720: 10704: 10700: 10694: 10678: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10645: 10641: 10635: 10633: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10597: 10590: 10585: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10555: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10525: 10516: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10457: 10453: 10450: 10442: 10435: 10431: 10428: 10420: 10401: 10394: 10388: 10372: 10368: 10362: 10346: 10342: 10336: 10320: 10316: 10312: 10305: 10289: 10282: 10276: 10260: 10256: 10250: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10208: 10204: 10198: 10182: 10178: 10171: 10155: 10151: 10145: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10114: 10098: 10094: 10090: 10084: 10076: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10025: 10021:WIPO (2022). 10017: 10010: 10005: 9989: 9985: 9981: 9975: 9959: 9955: 9949: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9919: 9912: 9908: 9905: 9900: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9855: 9839: 9835: 9828: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9795: 9791: 9788: 9783: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9741: 9737: 9733: 9727: 9711: 9707: 9701: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9652: 9636: 9632: 9631:Bloomberg.com 9628: 9622: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9591: 9575: 9571: 9565: 9549: 9545: 9539: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9493: 9491: 9474: 9470: 9464: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9444: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9411: 9407: 9404: 9398: 9382: 9378: 9372: 9365: 9361: 9358: 9353: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9334: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9301: 9297: 9294: 9289: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9259: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9228: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9197: 9181: 9177: 9176:The Intercept 9173: 9167: 9159: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9142:(3): 205–11. 9141: 9137: 9133: 9126: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9096: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9050: 9046: 9045: 9040: 9033: 9025: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8934: 8918: 8914: 8908: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8871: 8864: 8858: 8851: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8825: 8821: 8815: 8806: 8797: 8790:. p. 53. 8789: 8782: 8775: 8762: 8758: 8756:9780824815585 8752: 8748: 8747: 8739: 8732: 8731:commonwealth. 8719: 8715: 8713:9780837189048 8709: 8705: 8704: 8696: 8689: 8673: 8666: 8665: 8657: 8650: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8624: 8617: 8601: 8594: 8593: 8585: 8578: 8562: 8555: 8554: 8547: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8520: 8516: 8514:9780207127618 8510: 8506: 8505: 8497: 8489: 8483: 8467: 8461: 8445: 8441: 8435: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8395: 8380:on 6 May 2009 8379: 8375: 8369: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8327: 8323: 8317: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8254: 8249: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8203: 8199: 8198: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8173: 8166: 8150: 8146: 8140: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8095: 8088: 8082: 8075: 8071: 8068: 8062: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8042: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8011: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7954: 7938: 7934: 7928: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7890: 7884: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7837: 7833: 7827: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7748: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7602: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7560: 7556: 7550: 7534: 7530: 7524: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7494: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7472:Mark Weisbrot 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7464:The Real News 7460: 7456: 7453: 7448: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7425: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7369: 7353: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7336: 7329: 7328:The Real News 7326: 7325: 7319: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7198: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7076: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7040: 7034: 7026: 7019: 7011: 7007: 7001: 6985: 6981: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6896: 6889: 6881: 6874: 6866: 6859: 6851: 6844: 6836: 6829: 6821: 6814: 6806: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6761: 6745: 6741: 6740:www.quito.com 6737: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6676: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6646: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6579: 6575: 6573: 6568: 6562: 6553: 6547: 6531: 6525: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6490: 6484: 6468: 6462: 6460: 6440: 6433: 6427: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6359: 6352: 6341: 6337: 6330: 6324: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6292: 6284: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6235: 6231: 6224: 6218: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6074: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6050: 6044: 6028: 6022: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5877: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5777: 5764: 5763:Ekuatur Nunka 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5706: 5700: 5692: 5691: 5680: 5673: 5642: 5638: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5602: 5599: 5588: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5536:Liga De Quito 5533: 5529: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5475:Luis Molinari 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5459:Manuel Rendon 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5430: 5426: 5425:Vicente Albán 5422: 5417: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366:Juan Montalvo 5363: 5359: 5358:Simón Bolívar 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5331: 5328:. The use of 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5307:Juan Montalvo 5304: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5254:pão de queijo 5251: 5247: 5245: 5244:passion fruit 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5147: 5138: 5128: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5089: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4994:United States 4990: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4944:United States 4941: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4733: 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4222: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4162:, 11.30% are 4161: 4157: 4153: 4136: 4132: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4108: 4106: 4102: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4066: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4005:Shuar Chicham 4002: 3998: 3994: 3977: 3973: 3964: 3960: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3870: 3864: 3862: 3861:Romani people 3858: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3526: 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2197: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2181:national debt 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169:Rafael Correa 2166: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2105: 2104:Rafael Correa 2101: 2098:, first lady 2097: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966:nationalistic 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1781: 1780:Gran Colombia 1776: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1734:Gran Colombia 1731: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1658: 1657: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 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Retrieved 5762: 5754: 5734: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5641: 5559: 5550:from Quito; 5538:from Quito; 5525: 5522:of Guayaquil 5495:Teddy Cobeña 5436: 5434: 5404: 5378: 5373: 5361: 5335: 5311: 5275: 5273: 5260: 5258: 5248: 5206: 5183: 5181: 5174: 5162: 5154: 5091: 5057:Amazon basin 5053: 5034: 5032: 4991: 4959: 4952: 4933: 4889: 4877: 4872: 4866: 4855: 4368: 4353: 4349: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4223: 4196: 4175: 4169:, 1.29% are 4149: 4037: 4029: 4013:Cha'palaachi 3990: 3893: 3883: 3873: 3865: 3853: 3842: 3840: 3810:Demographics 3792: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3624: 3617: 3613: 3575: 3571: 3568:Checkprogram 3567: 3564: 3533: 3482: 3478: 3462: 3453: 3429: 3426: 3414: 3391: 3370: 3357: 3336: 3320: 3313: 3286:Biodiversity 3280: 3277: 3258: 3208: 3198: 3144: 3140: 3082: 3032: 3027: 3008: 2993: 2941: 2937: 2918: 2882: 2738: 2702: 2676: 2672: 2661: 2654: 2639: 2631: 2611:Human rights 2601:constitution 2594: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2552: 2541: 2532:Lenín Moreno 2503: 2489: 2488:, forms the 2471: 2458: 2441: 2410: 2380: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2319:Los Choneros 2312: 2300:Daniel Noboa 2297: 2289: 2276:Andrés Aráuz 2265: 2260:Daniel Noboa 2230: 2201:Lenín Moreno 2198: 2162: 2150: 2135: 2116: 2109: 2096:Lenín Moreno 2076:Jaime Roldos 2061: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2006: 1996: 1993:Rio Protocol 1986: 1969: 1948: 1945:Rio Protocol 1942: 1937:Sukhoi Su-22 1933:Mirage F.1JA 1900: 1892: 1888:World War II 1880:Rio Protocol 1865: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1826: 1809: 1805:Buenaventura 1785: 1762: 1754: 1738: 1719: 1710: 1679: 1676:real cedulas 1675: 1665: 1654: 1544: 1531:population. 1519: 1476: 1432: 1393:Independence 1380: 1374: 1372: 1361: 1338: 1328: 1283: 1270: 1258:Huayna Capac 1247: 1239: 1216: 1208: 1185: 1126:Pre-Inca era 1074: 1068: 1044: 1008:presidential 1002: 951: 914: 910: 909: 880:Internet TLD 856:Calling code 828: / 708:• Total 656:• Total 569:• Total 493:• from 472:Independence 436:Daniel Noboa 354:Christianity 240:Largest city 144: 126: 106:Motto: 105: 96:Coat of arms 59: 43: 14146: / 13582:Saint Lucia 13522:El Salvador 13373:Citizenship 13366:Integration 13300:New Zealand 13235:(suspended) 13091:Saint Lucia 12305:Environment 12300:Earthquakes 11900:, Greenwood 11816:(1): 3–23. 11611:Ecuador.com 11472:January 13, 11446:11 November 11416:11 November 11385:11 November 11375:El Universo 10709:24 February 10683:24 February 10650:24 February 10621:24 February 10409:17 December 10315:El Universo 10160:24 February 10103:2 September 8982:(1): 5978. 8923:24 February 8830:20 November 8767:18 February 8472:14 November 8450:24 February 8358:20 February 8238:24 February 7917:24 November 7414:4 September 6702:10088/19154 6584:22 November 6313:21 February 6273:21 February 6207:31 December 6033:14 November 6011:20 November 5981:24 February 5548:El Nacional 5487:Félix Aráuz 5455:Camilo Egas 5401:Jorge Icaza 5383:; the poet 5292:peach palms 5288:tree grapes 5250:Pan de yuca 5232:cocoa beans 5103:Tecnocumbia 4873:Koenigstein 4732:Santa Elena 4727:Santa Elena 4238:Crypto-Jews 4178:syncretized 4167:Protestants 4164:Evangelical 4120:Irreligious 4025:Wao Tededeo 3875:Amerindians 3718:, Crucita, 3386:oil company 3330:, and as a 3141:La Amazonía 3057:Santa Elena 2822:Santa Elena 2536:Mike Pompeo 2185:odious debt 2085:Eloy Alfaro 2013:coup d'état 1884:Axis Powers 1829:Real Cedula 1720:During the 1547:Eloy Alfaro 1495:Diego Noboa 1266:Inca Empire 1262:Inca Empire 958:Inca Empire 837:Date format 784: 0.765 539:5 June 1895 516:13 May 1830 500:24 May 1822 461:Legislature 383:no religion 370:1.1% other 360:Catholicism 268:(Quechua), 227: / 14161:Categories 13502:Costa Rica 13330:Currencies 13321:Parliament 12625:Television 12595:Newspapers 12237:Cenepa War 11893:, SR Books 11727:19 October 11284:12 October 11258:12 October 11213:26 October 11187:26 October 11161:25 October 11118:25 October 11036:23 October 11003:31 October 10872:4 November 10574:22 January 10134:26 January 10124:expreso.ec 10053:30 October 9994:3 February 9832:DUAL dmw. 9248:6 February 8889:. UNESCO. 8724:7 February 8681:24 January 8616:Galapagos. 8609:17 January 8570:17 January 8525:2 February 7974:10 January 7943:12 January 7907:Al Jazeera 7873:29 October 7788:Al Jazeera 7647:10 October 7621:10 October 7388:August 26, 7268:Al Jazeera 7177:Al Jazeera 6448:17 January 6181:12 October 6142:12 October 5772:References 5405:Huasipungo 5374:A la Costa 5340:, born in 5298:Literature 5269:Guinea Pig 5224:Esmeraldas 5167:guinea pig 5125:See also: 5115:Inti Raymi 5107:Sanjuanito 5061:Amerindian 4982:Venezuelan 4900:Portuguese 4850:See also: 4834:Esmeraldas 4677:Portoviejo 4648:Tungurahua 4596:Esmeraldas 4591:Esmeraldas 4507:Chimborazo 4391:Portoviejo 4363:See also: 4232:with many 4105:Protestant 3820:See also: 3720:Esmeraldas 3707:volcanoes. 3697:Chimborazo 3682:Mama Negra 3651:Vilcabamba 3501:World Bank 3265:rainforest 3235:Esmeraldas 3193:Lago Agrio 3145:El Oriente 3115:Tungurahua 3099:Chimborazo 3037:Esmeraldas 2957:See also: 2790:Tungurahua 2786:Chimborazo 2746:Esmeraldas 2709:provincias 2707:(Spanish: 2615:See also: 2293:referendum 2285:Pachakutik 2131:20 km walk 2112:Cenepa War 2094:President 2036:See also: 1958:Cenepa War 1922:Cenepa War 1726:San Martín 1424:San Martín 1340:encomienda 1176:coricancha 1045:One of 17 1040:Gini index 1030:, and the 840:dd/mm/yyyy 759: 45.5 604:17,483,326 593:Population 408:Government 401:Ecuadorian 396:Demonym(s) 387:0.4% other 332:0.1% other 316:Indigenous 298:Indigenous 215:78°30′43″W 212:00°13′12″S 160:(English: 18:Ecuadorean 14202:Republics 13941:Argentina 13925:Venezuela 13822:Venezuela 13612:Venezuela 13532:Guatemala 13457:Argentina 13387:Relations 13288:Observers 13233:Venezuela 13208:Argentina 13101:Venezuela 13081:Nicaragua 12986:Observers 12977:Venezuela 12952:Argentina 12800:Venezuela 12745:Argentina 12728:Sovereign 12542:Education 12496:Transport 12404:President 12371:Elections 12340:Volcanoes 12330:Provinces 12320:Mountains 12273:Geography 12200:1960–1990 12195:1944–1960 12183:1925–1944 12166:1895–1925 12156:1860–1895 12139:1830–1860 12026:from the 11830:143580656 11719:. Spain. 11593:248725703 11585:2352-6181 11569:(1): 16. 10954:europa.eu 10924:"Ecuador" 10858:"Ecuador" 10729:Bloomberg 10377:August 9, 10073:ignored ( 10063:cite book 9913:aladi.org 9518:"Ecuador" 9006:2041-1723 8306:6 October 8276:19 August 8266:"Ecuador" 8129:28 August 8103:28 August 8000:18 August 7883:cite news 7768:19 August 7737:19 August 7642:Bloomberg 7378:USA Today 7308:15 August 7278:15 August 7248:15 August 7218:15 August 7187:15 August 7157:5 October 6990:19 August 6934:22 August 6895:Les Incas 6710:0081-0223 6688:: 1–234. 6625:0036-8075 6063:"Ecuador" 5971:"Ecuador" 5840:18 August 5826:"Ecuador" 5322:Castilian 5198:Guayaquil 5190:churrasco 5165:(grilled 5163:Cuy asado 4978:Colombian 4966:Argentina 4659:Latacunga 4550:2,723,665 4541:Guayaquil 4495:2,781,641 4491:Pichincha 4478:Guayaquil 4375:Guayaquil 4345:Guayaquil 4329:Education 4259:Guayaquil 4230:Sephardic 4207:Buddhists 4156:agnostics 3962:Foreign 3803:Guayaquil 3742:Transport 3728:Montañita 3710:Beaches: 3705:Illinizas 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March 7585:Archived 7565:25 March 7559:Archived 7539:25 March 7533:Archived 7507:Archived 7455:Archived 7432:Archived 7382:Archived 7352:Archived 7302:Archived 7272:Archived 7242:Archived 7212:Archived 7181:Archived 7151:Archived 7120:Archived 7089:Archived 6984:Archived 6964:8 August 6805:32912150 6744:Archived 6714:Archived 6659:Archived 6629:Archived 6578:Archived 6546:cite web 6483:cite web 6439:Archived 6410:Archived 6376:Archived 6374:. 2024. 6267:Archived 6243:13 March 6234:Archived 6201:Archived 6175:Archived 6136:Archived 6102:Archived 6094:"Inicio" 6043:cite web 6005:Archived 6001:BBC News 5975:Archived 5949:Archived 5922:Archived 5893:Archived 5834:Archived 5799:25 April 5793:Archived 5584:See also 5445:include 5220:Plantain 5204:people. 5202:Montubio 4936:Italians 4892:Italians 4858:Japanese 4838:145,879 4829:Quinindé 4804:173,684 4770:175,281 4766:Los Ríos 4761:Babahoyo 4736:188,821 4702:199,835 4668:205,624 4664:Cotopaxi 4634:213,842 4630:Los Ríos 4600:218,727 4566:221,149 4562:Imbabura 4511:264,048 4502:Riobamba 4450:Province 4434:Province 4160:Catholic 4152:atheists 4090:Catholic 4079:Religion 4059:Religion 4017:Tsa'fiki 3922:Language 3902:Language 3890:Mulattos 3849:Montubio 3844:Mestizos 3752:Trolebús 3712:Atacames 3701:Cotopaxi 3689:Antisana 3680:and its 3489:Mercosur 3300:endemism 3219:Cotopaxi 3161:Orellana 3103:Imbabura 3069:Chiquita 3045:Los Ríos 3033:La Costa 3023:Colombia 2977:Cotopaxi 2898:Military 2830:Los Ríos 2802:Riobamba 2798:Cotopaxi 2776:Orellana 2754:Imbabura 2583:BancoSur 2462:notaries 2321:cartel, 2268:election 1905:and the 1704:and the 1520:Ecuador 1460:Colombia 1376:criollos 1335:immunity 1331:smallpox 1024:Mercosur 974:mestizos 923:Colombia 800:Currency 417:republic 305:Montubio 14167:Ecuador 14134:77°30′W 14096:Related 13989:Summits 13976:Uruguay 13961:Ecuador 13910:Bolivia 13895:Members 13802:Nigeria 13767:Algeria 13688:Charter 13607:Uruguay 13552:Jamaica 13527:Grenada 13517:Ecuador 13477:Bolivia 13462:Bahamas 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