Ecuador - Knowledge

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majority of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces were composed of rebellious angry unpaid veterans from Venezuela and Colombia that did not want to fight against their fellow countrymen. Seeing that his officers were rebelling, mutinying, and changing sides, President Flores had no option but to reluctantly make peace with New Granada. The Treaty of Pasto of 1832 was signed by which the Department of Cauca was turned over to New Granada (modern Colombia), the government of Bogotá recognized Ecuador as an independent country and the border was to follow the Ley de División Territorial de la República de Colombia (Law of the Division of Territory of the Gran Colombia) passed on 25 June 1824. This law set the border at the river Carchi and the eastern border that stretched to Brazil at the Caquetá river. Later, Ecuador contended that the Republic of Colombia, while reorganizing its government, unlawfully made its eastern border provisional and that Colombia extended its claims south to the Napo River because it said that the Government of Popayán extended its control all the way to the Napo River.

8528:. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non – Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish – Latin – American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures. 3469:

products; fish, and shrimp; and balsa wood. The country's vast resources include large amounts of timber across the country, like eucalyptus and mangroves. Pines and cedars are planted in the region of La Sierra and walnuts, rosemary, and balsa wood in the Guayas River Basin. The industry is concentrated mainly in Guayaquil, the largest industrial center, and in Quito, where in recent years the industry has grown considerably. This city is also the largest business center of the country. Industrial production is directed primarily to the domestic market. Despite this, there is limited export of products produced or processed industrially. These include canned foods, liquor, jewelry, furniture, and more. A minor industrial activity is also concentrated in Cuenca. Incomes from tourism has been increasing during the last few years due to promotion programs from Government, highlighting the variety of climates and the biodiversity of Ecuador.

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Amazonian country to counter Peru's earlier Treaty with Brazil back on 23 October 1851. Then after a few meetings with the Colombian government's representatives an agreement was reached and the Muñoz Vernaza-Suarez Treaty was signed 15 July 1916, in which Colombian rights to the Putumayo river were recognized as well as Ecuador's rights to the Napo river and the new border was a line that ran midpoint between those two rivers. In this way, Ecuador gave up the claims it had to the Amazonian territories between the Caquetá River and Napo River to Colombia, thus cutting itself off from Brazil. Later, a brief war erupted between Colombia and Peru, over Peru's claims to the Caquetá region, which ended with Peru reluctantly signing the Salomon-Lozano Treaty on 24 March 1922. Ecuador protested this secret treaty, since Colombia gave away Ecuadorian claimed land to Peru that Ecuador had given to Colombia in 1916.

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representative in the islands. Australia did not cede control of the Torres Strait Islands, inhabited by a Melanesian population, or Lord Howe and Norfolk Island, whose residents are of European ancestry. New Zealand retains indirect rule over Niue and Tokelau and has kept close relations with another former possession, the Cook Islands, through a compact of free association. Chile rules Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and Ecuador rules the Galapagos Islands. The Aboriginals of Australia, the Maoris of New Zealand and the native Polynesians of Hawaii, despite movements demanding more cultural recognition, greater economic and political considerations or even outright sovereignty, have remained minorities in countries where massive waves of migration have completely changed society. In short, Oceania has remained one of the least completely decolonized regions on the globe.

3593: 3413:. In January 2009, the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) put the 2010 growth forecast at 6.88%. In 2011, its GDP grew at 8% and ranked third highest in Latin America, behind Argentina (2nd) and Panama (1st). Between 1999 and 2007, GDP doubled, reaching $ 65,490 million according to BCE. The inflation rate until January 2008, was about 1.14%, the highest in the past year, according to the government. The monthly unemployment rate remained at about 6 and 8 percent from December 2007 until September 2008; however, it went up to about 9 percent in October and dropped again in November 2008 to 8 percent. Unemployment mean annual rate for 2009 in Ecuador was 8.5% because the global economic crisis continued to affect the Latin American economies. From this point, unemployment rates started a downward trend: 7.6% in 2010, 6.0% in 2011, and 4.8% in 2012. 1303: 2516: 4931:, still constituted the majority of the flow, even though they then represented only one third of the total number of immigrants in Ecuador. This situation came from the improvement of the economic situation in Liguria. The classic paradigm of the Italian immigrant today was not that of the small trader from Liguria as it had been before; those who emigrated to Ecuador were professionals and technicians, employees and religious people from South-Central Italy. It must be remembered that many immigrants, a remarkable number of Italians among them, moved to the Ecuadorian port from Peru to escape from the Peruvian war with Chile. The Italian government came to be more interested in the emigration phenomenon in Ecuador because of the necessity of finding an outlet for the large number of immigrants who traditionally went to the 5405: 4310:, compared to 111 back in the year 2000. Ecuadorians have a life expectancy of 77.1 years. The infant mortality rate is 13 per 1,000 live births, a major improvement from approximately 76 in the early 1980s and 140 in 1950. Almost a quarter, or 23%, of children under five are chronically malnourished. Population in some rural areas have no access to potable water, and its supply is provided by mean of water tankers. There are 686 malaria cases per 100,000 people. Basic health care, including doctor's visits, basic surgeries, and basic medications, has been provided free since 2008. However, some public hospitals are in poor condition and often lack necessary supplies to attend the high demand of patients. Private hospitals and clinics are well equipped but still expensive for the majority of the population. 1760:, defeated the Peruvian invasion force led by President La Mar. This defeat led to the signing of the Treaty of Guayaquil in September 1829, whereby Peru and its Congress recognized Gran Colombian rights over Tumbes, Jaén, and Maynas. Through meetings between Peru and Gran Colombia, the border was set as Tumbes river in the west, and in the east, the Maranon and Amazon rivers were to be followed toward Brazil as the most natural borders between them. According to the peace negotiations Peru agreed to return Guayaquil, Tumbez, and Jaén; despite this, Peru returned Guayaquil, but failed to return Tumbes and Jaén, alleging that it was not obligated to follow the agreements, since the Gran Colombia ceased to exist when it divided itself into three different nations – Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. 1764: 3280: 1120: 1840:

River and that Peru since Ecuador's independence from Spain has systematically occupied Tumbez, Jaén, and most of the disputed territories in the Amazonian Basin between the Putomayo and Marañon Rivers. In July 1941, troops were mobilized in both countries. Peru had an army of 11,681 troops who faced a poorly supplied and inadequately armed Ecuadorian force of 2,300, of which only 1,300 were deployed in the southern provinces. Hostilities erupted on 5 July 1941, when Peruvian forces crossed the Zarumilla river at several locations, testing the strength and resolve of the Ecuadorian border troops. Finally, on 23 July 1941, the Peruvians launched a major invasion, crossing the Zarumilla river in force and advancing into the Ecuadorian province of

1828:. During its negotiations with Brazil, Peru claimed Amazonian Basin territories up to Caqueta River in the north and toward the Andes Mountain range. Colombia protested stating that its claims extended south toward the Napo and Amazon Rivers. Ecuador protested that it claimed the Amazon Basin between the Caqueta river and the Marañon-Amazon river. Peru ignored these protests and created the Department of Loreto in 1853 with its capital in Iquitos. Peru briefly occupied Guayaquil again in 1860, since Peru thought that Ecuador was selling some of the disputed land for development to British bond holders, but returned Guayaquil after a few months. The border dispute was then submitted to Spain for arbitration from 1880 to 1910, but to no avail. 5126: 2240: 3428: 13100: 1988:. While Ecuador had to give up its decades-old territorial claims to the eastern slopes of the Cordillera, as well as to the entire western area of Cenepa headwaters, Peru was compelled to give to Ecuador, in perpetual lease but without sovereignty, 1 km (0.39 sq mi) of its territory, in the area where the Ecuadorian base of Tiwinza – focal point of the war – had been located within Peruvian soil and which the Ecuadorian Army held during the conflict. The final border demarcation came into effect on 13 May 1999, and the multi-national MOMEP (Military Observer Mission for Ecuador and Peru) troop deployment withdrew on 17 June 1999. 2704: 4265: 4329: 5595: 12826: 2717: 5033: 3820: 12253: 3334: 3397: 5693: 4177: 5667: 4505: 1713:, before Peru or Ecuador became independent, areas of the former Vice Royalty of New Granada declared themselves independent from Spain. A few months later, a part of the Peruvian liberation army of San Martín decided to occupy the independent cities of Tumbez and Jaén, with the intention of using them as springboards to occupy the independent city of Guayaquil and then liberate the rest of the Audiencia de Quito (Ecuador). It was common knowledge among officers of the liberation army from the south that their leader 79: 2973: 1821:

of Jesuit missionaries from their bases along the Amazon Basin. Ecuador countered by labeling the Cedula of 1802 an ecclesiastical instrument, which had nothing to do with political borders. Peru began its de facto occupation of disputed Amazonian territories, after it signed a secret 1851 peace treaty in favor of Brazil. This treaty disregarded Spanish rights that were confirmed during colonial times by a Spanish-Portuguese treaty over the Amazon regarding territories held by illegal Portuguese settlers.

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some similarities with the work of Collahuazo. Collahuazo was imprisoned and all of his work burned. The existence of his literary work came to light many centuries later, when a crew of masons was restoring the walls of a colonial church in Quito and found a hidden manuscript. The salvaged fragment is a Spanish translation from Quechua of the "Elegy to the Dead of Atahualpa", a poem written by Collahuazo, which describes the sadness and impotence of the Inca people of having lost their king Atahualpa.

3457: 1156: 4515: 4452: 1848: 2611: 176: 3736: 3582: 5135: 1404: 745: 5505: 4462: 5012: 3752: 1393: 65: 12033: 2961: 2659:. In Ecuador's current judicial system, judges are selected in a contest of merits, rather than government appointments. However, the process of selection has been criticized as biased and subjective. In particular, the final interview is said to be given "excessive weighing". Judges and prosecutors that made decisions in favor of Correa in his lawsuits had received permanent posts, while others with better assessment grades had been rejected. 2390: 5581: 2953: 1809: 2048:, when his Air Force plane crashed in heavy rain near the Peruvian border. Many people believe that he was assassinated by the CIA, given the multiple death threats against him because of his reformist agenda, the deaths in automobile crashes of two key witnesses before they could testify during the investigation, and the sometimes contradictory accounts of the incident. Roldos was immediately succeeded by Vice President Osvaldo Hurtado. 2080: 3510: 2898: 12023: 770: 722: 703: 670: 651: 1917: 5102:-Imbabura). Sanjuanito is a type of dance music played during festivities by the mestizo and Amerindian communities. According to the Ecuadorian musicologist Segundo Luis Moreno, Sanjuanito was danced by Amerindian people during San Juan Bautista's birthday. This important date was established by the Spaniards on 24 June, coincidentally the same date when Amerindian people celebrated their rituals of 1906: 10806: 5292: 1784:, with the approval of the Ecuadorian congress annexed the Department of Cauca on 20 December 1830, since the government of Cauca had called for union with the District of the South as far back as April 1830. Moreover, the Cauca region, throughout its long history, had very strong economic and cultural ties with the people of Ecuador. Also, the Cauca region, which included such cities as 3887:, and are largely based in the Esmeraldas province and to a lesser degree in the predominantly Mestizo provinces of Coastal Ecuador – Guayas and Manabi. In the Highland Andes where a predominantly Mestizo, white and Amerindian population exist, the African presence is almost non-existent except for a small community in the province of Imbabura called Chota Valley. 4872:

carried Ottoman passports. There were further waves of immigration in the first half of the 20th century; by 1930, there were 577 Lebanese immigrants and 489 of their descendants residing in the country. A 1986 estimate from Lebanon's Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated 100,000 Lebanese descendants. They reside mostly in Quito and Guayaquil. They are predominantly

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historical exploitation by the land-holding elite. Their movement, along with the continuing destabilizing efforts by both the elite and leftist movements, has led to a deterioration of the executive office. The populace and the other branches of government give the president very little political capital, as illustrated by the most recent removal of President

2501:, the Comptroller General of the State, and the superintendents. Branch members hold office for five years. This branch is responsible for promoting transparency and control plans publicly, as well as plans to design mechanisms to combat corruption, as also designate certain authorities, and be the regulatory mechanism of accountability in the country. 10985: 8959:

Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).

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February 2013, with Canadian assistance. However, the main road leading from Quito city center to the new airport will only be finished in late 2014, making current travelling from the airport to downtown Quito as long as two hours during rush hour. Quito's old city-center airport is being turned into parkland, with some light industrial use.

3330:. The protection of the nation's biodiversity is an explicit national priority as stated in the National Plan of "Buen Vivir", or good living, Objective 4, "Guarantee the rights of nature", Policy 1: "Sustainably conserve and manage the natural heritage, including its land and marine biodiversity, which is considered a strategic sector". 3779:'s tramway is the largest public transport system in the city and the first modern tramway in Ecuador. It was inaugurated on 8 March 2019. It has 20.4 kilometers (12.7 mi) and 27 stations. It will transport 120,000 passagers daily. Its route starts in the south of Cuenca and ends in the north at the Parque Industrial neighbourhood. 2648:(HRW) former president Correa intimidated journalists and subjected them to "public denunciation and retaliatory litigation". The sentences to journalists were years of imprisonment and millions of dollars of compensation, even though defendants had been pardoned. Correa stated he was only seeking a retraction for slanderous statements. 1374:" ("Light of America"), is based on its leading role in trying to secure an independent, local government. Although the new government lasted no more than two months, it had important repercussions and was an inspiration for the independence movement of the rest of Spanish America. Today, 10 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a 1697:. Moreover, to add legitimacy to his claims, on 16 February 1840, Flores signed a treaty with Spain, whereby Flores convinced Spain to officially recognize Ecuadorian independence and its sole rights to colonial titles over Spain's former colonial territory known anciently to Spain as the Kingdom and Presidency of Quito. 3353:

maintain their land as native ecosystems such as native forests or grasslands. Eligibility and subsidy rates for this program are determined based on the poverty in the region, the number of hectares that will be protected, and the type of ecosystem of the land to be protected, among other factors. Ecuador had a 2018

6163: 6124: 1253:. People belonging to the confederations that gave them the most problems were deported to distant areas of Peru, Bolivia, and north Argentina. Similarly, a number of loyal Inca subjects from Peru and Bolivia were brought to Ecuador to prevent rebellion. Thus, the region of highland Ecuador became part of the 1725:, out of the liberated Spanish territory of New Granada which consisted of Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. San Martín's plans were thwarted when Bolívar, descended from the Andes mountains and occupied Guayaquil; they also annexed the newly liberated Audiencia de Quito to the Republic of Gran Colombia. 2449:

are renewed by thirds every three years pursuant to the Judicial Code. These are elected by the Judicial Council on the basis of opposition proceedings and merits. The justice system is buttressed by the independent offices of public prosecutor and the public defender. Auxiliary organs are as follows:

11263:"Marcelo Veintimilla Macas on Instagram: "A 2 horas de Guayaquil se encuentra #Ancón, la tierra de Alberto Spencer. Entre 1911 y 1976 una compañía Inglesa se instaló en el lugar, dejando un legado de su cultura. Plasmado sobre todo en las casas del barrio ingles, que se ubica cerca de un acantilado."" 8958:

Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;

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was banned by the Spanish, and in order to preserve their work, many Inca poets had to resort to the use of the Latin alphabet to write in their native Quechua language. The history behind the Inca drama "Ollantay", the oldest literary piece in existence for any Amerindian language in America, shares

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to Ecuador started as early as 1875. Early impoverished migrants tended to work as independent sidewalk vendors, rather than as wage workers in agriculture or others' businesses. Though they emigrated to escape Ottoman Turkish religious oppression, they were called "Turks" by Ecuadorians because they

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The current structure of the Ecuadorian public health care system dates back to 1967. The Ministry of the Public Health (Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador) is the responsible entity of the regulation and creation of the public health policies and health care plans. The Minister of Public Health

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The overall trade balance for August 2012 was a surplus of almost $ 390 million for the first six months of 2012, a huge figure compared with that of 2007, which reached only $ 5.7 million; the surplus had risen by about $ 425 million compared to 2006. The oil trade balance positive had revenues of $

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The extreme poverty rate declined significantly between 1999 and 2010. In 2001, it was estimated at 40% of the population, while by 2011 the figure dropped to 17.4% of the total population. This is explained to an extent by emigration and the economic stability achieved after adopting the U.S. dollar

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of 1802, by which Peru claims the King of Spain had transferred these lands from the Viceroyalty of New Granada to the Viceroyalty of Peru. During colonial times this was to halt the ever-expanding Portuguese settlements into Spanish domains, which were left vacant and in disorder after the expulsion

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when the Republic of Gran Colombia was created. Tumbes declared itself independent from Spain on 17 January 1821, and Jaén de Bracamoros on 17 June 1821, without any outside help from revolutionary armies. However, that same year, Peruvian forces participating in the Trujillo revolution occupied both

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Britain's high commissioner in New Zealand continues to administer Pitcairn, and the other former British colonies remain members of the Commonwealth of Nations, recognizing the British Queen as their titular head of state and vesting certain residual powers in the British government or the Queen's

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The White Ecuadorians are a minority accounting for 6.1% of the population of Ecuador and can be found throughout all of Ecuador, primarily around the urban areas. Even though Ecuador's white population during its colonial era were mainly descendants from Spain, today Ecuador's white population is a

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Another major project is developing the road Manta – Tena, the highway Guayaquil – Salinas Highway Aloag Santo Domingo, Riobamba – Macas (which crosses Sangay National Park). Other new developments include the National Unity bridge complex in Guayaquil, the bridge over the Napo river in Francisco de

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The roads of Ecuador in recent years have undergone important improvement. The major routes are Pan American (under enhancement from four to six lanes from Rumichaca to Ambato, the conclusion of four lanes on the entire stretch of Ambato and Riobamba and running via Riobamba to Loja). In the absence

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The major areas of scientific research in Ecuador have been in the medical fields, tropical and infectious diseases treatments, agricultural engineering, pharmaceutical research, and bioengineering. Being a small country and a consumer of foreign technology, Ecuador has favored research supported by

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that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. The country is classified as an upper-middle-income country. Ecuador's economy is the eighth largest in Latin America and experienced an average growth of 4.6% between 2000 and 2006. From 2007 to 2012, Ecuador's GDP

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is led by the president. The president is accompanied by the vice-president, elected for four years (with the ability to be re-elected only once). As head of state and chief government official, he is responsible for public administration including the appointing of national coordinators, ministers,

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administration of Venezuela, a close ally of Correa. The relations with the United States improved significantly under Moreno. In June 2019, Ecuador agreed to allow US military planes to operate from an airport on the Galapagos Islands. In February 2020, his visit to Washington was the first meeting

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followed a military-civilian rebellion and a subsequent civic strike which successfully removed Carlos Arroyo del Río as a dictator from Ecuador's government. However, a post-Second World War recession and popular unrest led to a return to populist politics and domestic military interventions in the

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In 1941, amid fast-growing tensions within disputed territories around the Zarumilla River, war broke out with Peru. Peru claimed that Ecuador's military presence in Peruvian-claimed territory was an invasion; Ecuador, for its part, claimed that Peru had recently invaded Ecuador around the Zarumilla

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On 28 July 1821, Peruvian independence was proclaimed in Lima by San Martín, and Tumbes and Jaén, which were included as part of the revolution of Trujillo by the Peruvian occupying force, had the whole region swear allegiance to the new Peruvian flag and incorporated itself into Peru. Gran Colombia

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and the Emperor Huayna Capac, from a European disease that spread into Ecuador, created a power vacuum between two factions and led to a civil war. The army stationed north headed by Atahualpa marched south to Cuzco and massacred the royal family associated with his brother. In 1532, a small band of

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Even though their languages were unrelated, these groups developed similar groups of cultures, each based in different environments. The people of the coast combined agriculture with fishing, hunting, and gathering; the people of the highland Andes developed a sedentary agricultural way of life; and

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In the present taxonomic study of the Hippoboscidae, Oceania covers, rather arbitrarily, the many archipelagos and isolated islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean, from the Marianas and Caroline Islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia to the Hawaiian islands

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The Ecuadorian Constitution requires that all children attend school until they achieve a "basic level of education", which is estimated at nine school years. In 1996, the net primary enrollment rate was 96.9%, and 71.8% of children stayed in school until the fifth grade/age 10. The cost of primary

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The laws also forbid articles and media messages that could favor or disfavor some political message or candidate. In the first half of 2012, twenty private TV or radio stations were closed down. People engaging in public protests against environmental and other issues are prosecuted for "terrorism

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in the Legislative Palace, and consists of 137 assemblymen, divided into ten committees and elected for a four-year term. Fifteen national constituency elected assembly, two Assembly members elected from each province and one for every 100,000 inhabitants or fraction exceeding 150,000, according to

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The Central District of the Gran Colombia, known as Cundinamarca or New Granada (modern Colombia) with its capital in Bogota, did not recognize the separation of the Southern District of the Gran Colombia, with its capital in Quito, from the Gran Colombian federation on 13 May 1830. After Ecuador's

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Provision of public schools falls far below the levels needed, and class sizes are often very large, and families of limited means often find it necessary to pay for education. In rural areas, only 10% of the children go on to high school. In a 2015 report, The Ministry of Education states that in

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report was critical that there were scarce few prosecutions for human rights violations committed by security forces, and those only in police courts, which are not considered impartial or independent. There are allegations that the security forces routinely torture prisoners. There are reports of

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Ecuador's judiciary has as its main body the Judicial Council, and also includes the National Court of Justice, provincial courts, and lower courts. Legal representation is made by the Judicial Council. The National Court of Justice is composed of 21 judges elected for a term of nine years. Judges

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Ecuador during its long and turbulent history has lost most of its contested territories to each of its more powerful neighbors, such as Colombia in 1832 and 1916, Brazil in 1904 through a series of peaceful treaties, and Peru after a short war in which the Protocol of Rio de Janeiro was signed in

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became the first territory in Ecuador to gain its independence from Spain, and it spawned most of the Ecuadorian coastal provinces, establishing itself as an independent state. Its inhabitants celebrated what is now Ecuador's official Independence Day on 24 May 1822. The rest of Ecuador gained its

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following the arrival of Europeans in 1499. A lower number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in smaller numbers, Poles, Lithuanians, English, Irish, Croatians and some cases from Asia during and after the Second World War.

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include 11 national parks, 10 wildlife refuges, 9 ecological reserves, and other areas. A program begun in 2008, Sociobosque, is preserving another 2.3% of total land area (6,295 km, or 629,500 ha) by paying private landowners or community landowners (such as Amerindian tribes) incentives to

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On 21 July 1924, the Ponce-Castro Oyanguren Protocol was signed between Ecuador and Peru where both agreed to hold direct negotiations and to resolve the dispute in an equitable manner and to submit the differing points of the dispute to the United States for arbitration. Negotiations between the

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Community health care centers (Centros de Salud) are found inside metropolitan areas of cities and in rural areas. These are day hospitals that provide treatment to patients whose hospitalization is under 24 hours. The doctors assigned to rural communities, where the Amerindian population can be

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In 2022, the supreme court of Ecuador decided that "under no circumstances can a project be carried out that generates excessive sacrifices to the collective rights of communities and nature." It also required the government to respect the opinion of Indigenous peoples about different industrial

2208:(Alba) in August 2018. The Productive Development Act introduced an austerity policy, and reduced the previous development and redistribution policies. Regarding taxes, the authorities aimed to "encourage the return of investors" by granting amnesty to fraudsters and proposing measures to reduce 2140:

The emergence of the Amerindian population as an active constituency has added to the democratic volatility of the country in recent years. The population has been motivated by government failures to deliver on promises of land reform, lower unemployment and provision of social services, and the

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In the early part of the 20th century, Ecuador made an effort to peacefully define its eastern Amazonian borders with its neighbours through negotiation. On 6 May 1904, Ecuador signed the Tobar-Rio Branco Treaty recognizing Brazil's claims to the Amazon in recognition of Ecuador's claim to be an

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The public healthcare system should not be confused with the Ecuadorian Social Security healthcare service, which is dedicated to individuals with formal employment and who are affiliated obligatorily through their employers. Citizens with no formal employment may still contribute to the social

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have experienced a high increase in demand and have required modernization. In the case of Guayaquil it involved a new air terminal, once considered the best in South America and the best in Latin America and in Quito where an entire new airport has been built in Tababela and was inaugurated in

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Ecuador is a country with vast natural wealth. The diversity of its four regions has given rise to thousands of species of flora and fauna. It has approximately 1640 kinds of birds. The species of butterflies border 4,500, the reptiles 345, the amphibians 358, and the mammals 258, among others.

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In October 2021, Lasso declared a 60-day state of emergency to combat crime and drug-related violence, including the numerous bloody clashes between rival groups in the state prisons. Lasso proposed a series of constitutional changes to enhance his government's ability to respond to crime. In a

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Fruitless negotiations continued between the governments of Bogotá and Quito, where the government of Bogotá did not recognize the separation of Ecuador or that of Cauca from the Gran Colombia until war broke out in May 1832. In five months, New Granada defeated Ecuador due to the fact that the

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is a genre of indigenous Latin music. In Ecuador it is the "national genre of music". Through the years, many cultures have brought their influences together to create new types of music. There are also different kinds of traditional music like albazo, pasacalle, fox incaico, tonada, capishca,

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Due to the continuous border disputes with Peru, finally settled in the early 2000s, and due to the ongoing problem with the Colombian guerrilla insurgency infiltrating Amazonian provinces, the Ecuadorian Armed Forces has gone through a series of changes. In 2009, the new administration at the

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majority and, like its ancestry, is traditionally of Spanish heritage, influenced in different degrees by Amerindian traditions and in some cases by Spanish elements non-Europeans and Africans. The first and most substantial wave of modern immigration to Ecuador consisted of Spanish colonist,

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In the agricultural sector, Ecuador is a major exporter of bananas (first place worldwide in export), flowers, and the seventh largest producer of cocoa. Ecuador also produces coffee, rice, potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), plantains and sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork and dairy

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The Military Academy General Eloy Alfaro (c. 1838) located in Quito is in charge of graduating army officers. The Ecuadorian Navy Academy (c. 1837), located in Salinas graduates navy officers. The Air Academy "Cosme Rennella (c. 1920), also located in Salinas, graduates air force officers.

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tactics. As a result, Inca expansion into the Amazon Basin and the Pacific coast of Ecuador was hampered. The indigenous people of the Amazon jungle and coastal Ecuador remained relatively autonomous until the Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived in force. The Amazonian people and the

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In contrast, when the Incas made incursions into coastal Ecuador and the eastern Amazon jungles of Ecuador, they found both the environment and indigenous people more hostile. Moreover, when the Incas tried to subdue them, these indigenous people withdrew to the interior and resorted to

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for oil exports due to erosion near key pipelines (privately owned OCP pipeline and state-owned SOTE pipeline) in the Amazon. It lasted about three weeks, totalling just over $ 500 million economic losses, before their production returned to its normal level of 435,000 barrels per day

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operated in the Ecuadorian Amazon region between 1964 and 1992. During this period, Texaco drilled 339 wells in 15 petroleum fields and abandoned 627 toxic wastewater pits. It is now known that these highly polluting and now obsolete technologies were used as a way to reduce expenses.

2987:. Of this, 276,841 km (106,889 sq mi) is land and 6,720 km (2,595 sq mi) water. The total area, according to the Ecuadorian government's foreign ministry, is 256,370 km (98,985 sq mi). The Galápagos Islands are sometimes considered part of 3769:

of the section between Loja and the border with Peru, there are the Route Espondilus or Ruta del Sol (oriented to travel along the Ecuadorian coastline) and the Amazon backbone (which crosses from north to south along the Ecuadorian Amazon, linking most and more major cities of it).

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Jaén and Tumbes. Peruvian generals, without any legal titles backing them up and with Ecuador still federated with the Gran Colombia, had the desire to annex Ecuador to the Republic of Peru at the expense of the Gran Colombia, feeling that Ecuador was once part of the Inca Empire.

4313:

Between 2008 and 2016, new public hospitals have been built. In 2008, the government introduced universal and compulsory social security coverage. In 2015, corruption remains a problem. Overbilling is recorded in 20% of public establishments and in 80% of private establishments.

3409:

grew at an annual average of 4.3 percent, above the average for Latin America and the Caribbean, which was 3.5%, according to the United Nations' Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Ecuador was able to maintain relatively superior growth during the

8719:

It is clear that since World War II, Britain, in contrast to France and the United States (and one might say Chile and Ecuador, which hold, respectively, Easter Island and the Galapagos Islands), conceived of Oceania as a region of sovereign nations living in a spirit of

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in the Galápagos. In addition to more than 16,000 species of plants, the country has 106 endemic reptiles, 138 endemic amphibians, and 6,000 species of butterfly. The Galápagos Islands are well known as a region of distinct fauna, as the famous place of birth to Darwin's

1887:

1960s, while foreign companies developed oil resources in the Ecuadorian Amazon. In 1972, construction of the Andean pipeline was completed. The pipeline brought oil from the east side of the Andes to the coast, making Ecuador South America's second largest oil exporter.

3611:, such as the Cajas Massif. Culturally, the Toquilla straw hat and the culture of the Zapara indigenous people are recognized. The most popular sites for national and foreign tourists have different nuances due to the various tourist activities offered by the country. 2067:

and founder of the Ecuadorian Roldosist Party). His government was committed to improving human rights protection and carried out some reforms, notably an opening of Ecuador to foreign trade. The Borja government negotiated the disbanding of the small terrorist group,

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Oil accounts for 40% of exports and contributes to maintaining a positive trade balance. Since the late 1960s, the exploitation of oil increased production, and proven reserves are estimated at 6.51 billion barrels as of 2011. In late 2021, Ecuador had to declare a

1229:

In the highland Andes mountains, where life was more sedentary, groups of tribes cooperated and formed villages; thus the first nations based on agricultural resources and the domestication of animals formed. Eventually, through wars and marriage alliances of their

4997:. These policies resulted in the rapid and significant rise in the flow of returning nationals, most notably during the 2008 economic crisis that affected Europe and North America. In recent years, Ecuador has grown in popularity among North American expatriates. 2626:

prisoners having died while in police custody. Sometimes the legal process can be delayed until the suspect can be released after the time limit for detention without trial is exceeded. Prisons are overcrowded and conditions in detention centers are "abominable".

3836:, who are mixed race people of Amerindian and European descent, typically from Spanish colonists, in some cases this term can also include Amerindians that are culturally more Spanish influenced, and constitute about 71% of the population (although including the 3453:

3.295 million in 2008, while non-oil was negative, amounting to $ 2.842 million. The trade balance with the United States, Chile, the European Union, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, and Mexico is positive. The trade balance with Argentina, Colombia, and Asia is negative.

5167:

is diverse, varying with the altitude, associated agricultural conditions, and ethnic/racial communities. Most regions in Ecuador follow the traditional three-course meal of soup, a course that includes rice and a protein, and then dessert and coffee to finish.

3164:. This region is primarily made up of the huge Amazon national parks and Amerindian untouchable zones, which are vast stretches of land set aside for the Amazon Amerindian tribes to continue living traditionally. It is also the area with the largest reserves of 1538:

reduced the power of the clergy and the conservative land owners. This liberal wing retained power until the military "Julian Revolution" of 1925. The 1930s and 1940s were marked by instability and emergence of populist politicians, such as five-time President

4303:

security system voluntarily and have access to the medical services rendered by the social security system. The Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) has several major hospitals and medical sub-centers under its administration across the nation.

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was elected president, garnering over one million votes, the most in Ecuadorian history. He took office on 10 August as the first constitutionally elected president, after nearly a decade of civilian and military dictatorships. In 1980, he founded the

1945:, and ultimately full-scale warfare in January 1995 where the Ecuadorian military shot down Peruvian aircraft and helicopters and Peruvian infantry marched into southern Ecuador. Each country blamed the other for the onset of hostilities, known as the 8604:

Oceania is primarily considered as the restricted region treated in this paper, but for comparative purposes, in the table only, it is also considered in a broad sense as including New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, the Antipodes, and

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Easter Island on the east has been included on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart. The other islands of the eastern Pacific (Galapagos, Juan Fernandez, etc.) have sometimes been included in

1836:

Ecuadorian and Peruvian representatives began in Washington on 30 September 1935. The negotiations turned into arguments during the next 7 months and finally on 29 September 1937, the Peruvian representatives decided to break off the negotiations.

5211:- and peanut-based dishes are quite frequent in the coastal region reflecting the West African roots of many of its citizens. Encocados (dishes that contain a coconut sauce) are also very popular in the northern coast centering around the city of 4911:

experienced of wave of immigration from the UK starting in 1911, when the Government of Ecuador conceded 98 mines, occupying an area of 38,842 hectares, to the British oil company Anglo Ecuadorian Oilfields. Today, the Anglo American Oilfields or

3423:

was prone to rampant inflation). However, starting in 2008, with the bad economic performance of the nations where most Ecuadorian emigrants work, the reduction of poverty has been realized through social spending, mainly in education and health.

1749:, who was born in Ecuador, believing his opportunity had come to annex the District of Ecuador to Peru, personally, with a Peruvian force, invaded and occupied Guayaquil and a few cities in the Loja region of southern Ecuador on 28 November 1828. 4276:

The philosophy of the Ministry of Public Health is the social support and service to the most vulnerable population, and its main plan of action lies around communitarian health and preventive medicine. Many American medical groups often conduct

2013:, who was declared chairman of the Supreme Council. The Supreme Council included two other members: General Guillermo Durán Arcentales and General Luis Pintado. The civil society more and more insistently called for democratic elections. Colonel 11681: 9461: 3604:

Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the planet's highest biodiversity is concentrated, being also the largest country with diversity per km2 in the world. Most of its fauna and flora live in 26 protected areas by the state.

2728:

Regionalization, or zoning, is the union of two or more adjoining provinces in order to decentralize the administrative functions of the capital, Quito. In Ecuador, there are seven regions, or zones, each shaped by the following provinces:

1867:, almost cutting all supplies to the Ecuadorian troops. After a few weeks of war and under pressure by the United States and several Latin American nations, all fighting came to a stop. Ecuador and Peru came to an accord formalized in the 6590:"The Prehistoric Culture of Ecuador: Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: The Valdivia and Machalilla Phases . Betty J. Meggers, Clifford Evans, and Emilio Estrada. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1965. 452 pp., $ 6.75" 2267:, who was supported by exiled former president Correa. Lasso had finished second in the 2013 and 2017 presidential elections. On 24 May 2021, Lasso was sworn in, becoming the country's first right-wing leader in 14 years. Lasso's party 3368:

has led to the release of billions of gallons of untreated wastes, gas, and crude oil into the environment, contaminating ecosystems and causing detrimental health effects to Amerindian peoples. One of the best known examples is the

2271:

Movement, and its ally the Social Christian Party (PSC) won only 31 parliamentary seats out of 137, while Aráuz's Union for Hope (UNES) won 49 seats, which meant Lasso needed support from the Izquierda Democrática and the indigenist

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contracted by prior corrupt and despotic regimes. He announced that the country would default on over $ 3 billion worth of bonds, and he succeeded in reducing the price of outstanding bonds by more than 60% by fighting creditors in

4019:

Most Ecuadorians speak Spanish as their first language, with its ubiquity permeating and dominating most of the country. Despite its small size, the country has a marked diversity in Spanish accents that vary widely among regions.

2008:

and executed by navy commander Jorge Queirolo G. The new president exiled José María Velasco to Argentina. He remained in power until 1976, when he was removed by another military government. That military junta was led by Admiral

4233:

in Germany in 1933, with 3,000 Jews in Ecuador in 1940. At its peak, in 1950, the Jewish population of Ecuador was estimated at 4,000, but then diminished to some 290 around 2020, forming one of the smallest Jewish communities in

9097: 2017:, Government Minister, proposed and implemented a Plan to return to the constitutional system through universal elections. This plan enabled the new democratically elected president to assume the duties of the executive office. 10165: 2546:. Ecuador has often placed great emphasis on multilateral approaches to international issues. Ecuador is a member of the United Nations (and most of its specialized agencies) and a member of many regional groups, including the 9506: 1745:

had always protested Peru for the return of Jaén and Tumbes for almost a decade, then finally Bolivar after long and futile discussion over the return of Jaén, Tumbes, and part of Mainas, declared war. President and General

4973:

refugees. Colombians have historically found refuge in its neighboring country during times of civil unrest. Recently, Venezuelans have become a notable presence in Ecuadorian cities as many flee the economic and political

3347:

As of the writing of the plan in 2008, 19% of Ecuador's land area was in a protected area; however, the plan also states that 32% of the land must be protected in order to truly preserve the nation's biodiversity. Current

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The country has seen its seven glaciers lose 54.4% of their surface in forty years. Research predicts their disappearance by 2100. The cause is climate change, which threatens both the fauna and flora and the population.

2374:

meets throughout the year except for recesses in July and December. There are thirteen permanent committees. Members of the National Court of Justice are appointed by the National Judicial Council for nine-year terms.

4299:

substantial, have small clinics under their responsibility for the treatment of patients in the same fashion as the day hospitals in the major cities. The treatment in this case respects the culture of the community.

3844:

result of a mixture of European immigrants, predominantly from Spain with people from Italy, Germany, France, and Switzerland who have settled in the early 20th century. In addition, there is a small European Jewish (

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and other multilateral agencies. In April 2007, Ecuador paid off its debt to the IMF. The public finance of Ecuador consists of the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE), the National Development Bank (BNF), the State Bank.

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region in southern Ecuador. This caused a long-simmering dispute between Ecuador and Peru, which ultimately led to fighting between the two countries; first a border skirmish in January–February 1981 known as the

5309:, an Amerindian chief of a northern village in today's Ibarra, born in the late 1600s. Despite the early repression and discrimination of the native people by the Spanish, Collahuazo learned to read and write in 9895: 8617:

Eckert, Scott A.; Alvarado, Javier; Balazs, George H.; Byles, Richard; C. Craig, Peter; Dutton, Peter Howard; L. Eckert, Karen; Engbring, John; Maragos, James E.; Pultz, Susan; Richardson, James Ingram (1998).

5043:

Ecuador's Amerindian communities are integrated into the mainstream culture to varying degrees, but some may also practice their own native cultures, particularly the more remote Amerindian communities of the

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and recommended that Ecuador should stop the criminal sanctions for the expression of opinions, and delay in implementing judicial reforms. Ecuador rejected the recommendation on decriminalization of libel.

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Ecuador also has a small population of Asian origins, mainly those from West Asia, like the economically well off descendants of Lebanese and Palestinian immigrants, who are either Christian or Muslim (see

7044:"Uppsala Conflict Data Program – Conflict Encyclopedia, General Conflict Information, Conflict name: Ecuador – Peru, In depth, Background to the 1995 fighting and Ecuador and Peru engage in armed conflict" 5694: 8058: 160: 8288: 5668: 1027:, between 2006 and 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth was 1.5 percent (as compared to 0.6 percent over the prior two decades). At the same time, the country's 11678: 11367: 9457: 2405:

ministers of State and public servants. The executive branch defines foreign policy, appoints the Chancellor of the Republic, as well as ambassadors and consuls, being the ultimate authority over the

4238:. Nevertheless, this number is declining because young people leave the country for the United States or Israel. Today, the Jewish Community of Ecuador (Comunidad Judía del Ecuador) has its seat in 3607:

The country has two cities with UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Quito and Cuenca, as well as two natural UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Galapagos Islands and Sangay National Park, in addition to one

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Orellana, the Esmeraldas River Bridge in the city of the same name, and, perhaps the most remarkable of all, the Bahia – San Vincente Bridge, being the largest on the Latin American Pacific coast.

8789:

Carvajal, Ana María (10 de enero de 2019). «Quito se convirtió en la ciudad más poblada del Ecuador con más de 3 millones de habitantes en el 2018». El Comercio. Consultado el 11 de enero de 2019.

9593: 8749: 7312: 7108: 3267:

Because of its location at the equator, Ecuador experiences little variation in daylight hours during the course of a year. Both sunrise and sunset occur each day at the two six o'clock hours.

2119: 7719: 13999: 9623: 2236:. The government eventually returned to Quito in 2019. On 14 October 2019, the government restored fuel subsidies and withdrew an austerity package, which ended nearly two weeks of protests. 8038: 7200: 6754:

Sandoval, José R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Jota, Marilza M. S.; Robles-Ruiz, Paulo; Danos, Pierina; Paz-y-Miño, César; Wells, Spencer; Santos, Fabrício R.; Fujita, Ricardo (10 September 2020).

13019: 10603: 8638:

Foraging hawksbills have been reported from virtually all of the island groups of Oceania, from the Galapagos Islands in the eastern Pacific to the Republic of Palau in the western Pacific.

8625: 7603: 13994: 10661: 10418: 10388: 7443: 5260:, de rigueur in mostly indigenous communities, reflects the predominantly native character of the highlands. Considered a delicacy it is often characterized as having a mild pork flavor. 3014:

in the north (with a 590 km (367 mi) border) and Peru in the east and south (with a 1,420 km (882 mi) border). It is the westernmost country that lies on the equator.

2555: 9394: 9067: 12708: 9089: 7139: 10269: 7802: 7780: 158: 11709: 10169: 7521: 13625: 9647: 4920:

is one famed Briton that hailed from Ancon. The town has now become an attraction due to the austere British homes in "El Barrio Ingles" situated in a contrasting tropical setting.

2212:. In addition, the government waived the right to tax increases in raw material prices and foreign exchange repatriations. In October 2018, Moreno cut diplomatic relations with the 11008: 1368:

called for independence from Spain (first among the peoples of Latin America). They were led by Juan Pío Montúfar, Quiroga, Salinas, and Bishop Cuero y Caicedo. Quito's nickname, "

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elected in 2007, and was approved by referendum in 2008. Since 1936, voting is compulsory for all literate persons aged 18–65, optional for all other citizens over the age of 16.

10969: 6386: 11507: 11240: 10108: 8241: 4284:

The public healthcare system allows patients to be treated without an appointment in public general hospitals by general practitioners and specialists in the outpatient clinic (

2539:, the country returned to OPEC before leaving again in 2020 under the instruction of President Moreno, citing its desire to increase crude oil exportation to gain more revenue. 3860:), and an East Asian community mainly consisting of those of Japanese and Chinese descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century. 10526: 8812: 7855: 7824: 3984:(Quechua) and other pre-colonial American languages were spoken by 2,500,000. Ethnologues estimate that the country has about 24 living indigenous languages. Among the 24 are 1980:

peace agreement on 26 October 1998, which ended hostilities, and effectively put an end to the Western Hemisphere's longest running territorial dispute. The Guarantors of the

11169: 8507: 8336: 7899: 5245:, is served with "yogur persa" and is often eaten as a snack in many coastal cities. Its origin comes from the Persian and Middle Eastern populations that settled the coast. 14180: 11420: 10440: 5486:

from expressionism and figurative style and Luis Burgos Flor with his abstract, futuristic style. The Amerindian people of Tigua, Ecuador, are also world-renowned for their

3497: 10217: 8798:«Quito es ahora la ciudad más poblada de Ecuador». El Telégrafo. 12 de enero de 2019. Archivado desde el original el 27 de marzo de 2019. Consultado el 12 de enero de 2019. 4916:

is the world's largest producer of platinum, with around 40% of world output, as well as being a major producer of diamonds, copper, nickel, iron ore and steelmaking coal.

14050: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 13989: 11731: 10307: 8390: 10779: 8075: 11191: 10946: 10628: 7956: 8706: 7043: 6566: 5048:. Spanish is spoken as the first language by more than 90% of the population and as a first or second language by more than 98%. Part of Ecuador's population can speak 3214:(6,268 m, or 20,560 ft, above sea level), Ecuador's tallest mountain, is the most distant point from the center of the Earth on the Earth's surface because of the 1717:

wished to liberate present-day Ecuador and add it to the future republic of Peru, since it had been part of the Inca Empire before the Spaniards conquered it. However,

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promised to release Atahualpa if he made good his promise of filling a room full of gold. But, after a mock trial, the Spaniards executed Atahualpa by strangulation.

13411: 13012: 11143: 9230: 2273: 1883: 1578: 4856:

In the early years of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants, and in 1939, when several South American countries refused to accept 165

14055: 11985: 11337: 10276: 10247: 10077: 4031: 2804: 618: 9946: 2160:

gained the presidency. In January 2007, several left-wing political leaders of Latin America, his future allies, attended his swearing-in ceremony. Endorsed in a

13620: 11100: 10195: 10138: 6972: 1016: 11783: 8055: 7626: 8280: 7750: 4978:. Authorities argue that an estimated 350,000 to 400,000 Colombians live in Ecuador, porous borders and lack of formal registration disallow concrete numbers. 3765:

The rehabilitation and reopening of the Ecuadorian railroad and use of it as a tourist attraction is one of the recent developments in transportation matters.

2045: 1780:

voluntarily decided to unite itself with Ecuador due to instability in the central government of Bogota. The Venezuelan born President of Ecuador, the general

5881: 12886: 11359: 9976: 7392: 3980:

Spanish is the official language in Ecuador. It is spoken as a first (93%) or second language (6%) by the vast majority of its population. In 1991 Northern

13859: 13686: 13428: 13005: 12699: 10487: 8476: 6540: 6477: 6455: 6037: 5910: 2494: 2474: 9720: 9698: 9168: 7477:

In August 2018, Ecuador withdrew from Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (Alba), a regional bloc of leftwing governments led by Venezuela.

6328: 14200: 14195: 9369: 8406: 8310: 7230: 4307: 2264: 1270:

of Coastal Ecuador were the only groups to resist both Inca and Spanish domination, maintaining their languages and cultures well into the 21st century.

11761: 9585: 8107: 3539:, born in 1747 in Quito. Among other notable Ecuadorian scientists and engineers are Lieutenant Jose Rodriguez Labandera, a pioneer who built the first 8733: 7169: 3830:

Ecuador's population is ethnically diverse and the 2021 estimates put Ecuador's population at 17,797,737. The largest ethnic group (as of 2010) is the

11398: 8220: 7260: 7100: 3360:

Despite being on the UNESCO list, the Galápagos are endangered by a range of negative environmental effects, threatening the existence of this exotic

9489: 7711: 3787: 1953:, the Ecuadorian president, famously declared that he would not give up a single centimeter of Ecuador. Popular sentiment in Ecuador became strongly 1685:. In addition, Ecuador's eastern border with the Portuguese colony of Brazil in the Amazon Basin was modified before the Wars of Independence by the 9615: 7370: 4291:

Although well-equipped general hospitals are found in the major cities or capitals of provinces, there are basic hospitals in the smaller towns and

3168:

in Ecuador, and parts of the upper Amazon here have been extensively exploited by petroleum companies. The population is primarily mixed Amerindian

2674:

expressed concerns about the dire situation in various detention centers and prisons, and the human rights of those deprived of liberty in Ecuador.

1003:

whose economy is highly dependent on exports of commodities, primarily petroleum and agricultural products. The country is a founding member of the

10461: 8035: 7877: 7192: 4340:

and secondary education is borne by the government, but families often face significant additional expenses such as fees and transportation costs.

2351:

Ecuador is governed by a democratically elected president for a four-year term. The president of Ecuador exercises his power from the presidential

604: 9799: 981:

descendants. Spanish is the official language spoken by a majority of the population, although 13 native languages are also recognized, including

13852: 10415: 10381: 8619: 8428: 7595: 7077: 4203: 2370:

The executive branch includes 23 ministries. Provincial governors and councilors (mayors, aldermen, and parish boards) are directly elected. The

1466:

The 19th century was marked by instability for Ecuador with a rapid succession of rulers. The first president of Ecuador was the Venezuelan-born

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claims on the Real Cedulas of 1563, 1739, and 1740; with modifications in the Amazon Basin and Andes Mountains that were introduced through the

1139: 13681: 13676: 11636: 10359: 9532: 9059: 8454: 6364: 6015: 3866:

account for 7% of the current population. The mostly rural Montubio population of the coastal provinces of Ecuador, who might be classified as

9305: 7131: 13404: 10035: 7772: 7340: 2532: 2076:. However, continuing economic problems undermined the popularity of the ID party, and opposition parties gained control of Congress in 1999. 1984:(Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and the United States of America) ruled that the border of the undelineated zone was to be set at the line of the 1571: 726: 11698: 11040: 10912: 10846: 9199: 8851: 6277: 5781: 1322:, endemic to the Europeans, caused high fatalities among the Amerindian population during the first decades of Spanish rule, as they had no 1046:. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable 14185: 13630: 12846: 11266: 8905: 8190: 7517: 6189: 3202:

in the Sierra region. It is the second-highest capital city with an elevation of 2,850 meters. Ecuador's largest city is Guayaquil, in the

781: 11070: 10556: 9644: 13650: 13366: 12137: 12122: 11603: 11015: 8133: 1607: 1588: 1552: 12997: 10577: 9562: 9436: 9415: 9027: 8540: 8362: 7417: 6946: 6496: 6427: 961:

in 1830. The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador's ethnically diverse population, with most of its 17.8 million people being

11217: 9920: 9672: 9329: 6994: 6617: 4139:

According to the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census, 91.95% of the country's population have a religion, 7.94% are

2592:, aiming to promote the universal recognition and protection of the human rights of migrants. In March 2019, Ecuador withdrew from the 2440:

the latest national population census. In addition, statute determines the election of assembly of regions and metropolitan districts.

563: 12006: 11503: 11232: 10116: 5822: 5547:

from Cuenca. Currently the most successful football team in Ecuador is LDU Quito, and it is the only Ecuadorian team that has won the

4602: 3106:. This land contains most of Ecuador's volcanoes and all of its snow-capped peaks. Agriculture is focused on the traditional crops of 2232:

adopted by Moreno. On 10 October, protesters overran Quito, the capital, causing the Government of Ecuador to relocate temporarily to

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Defense Ministry launched a deep restructuring within the forces, increasing spending budget to $ 1,691,776,803, an increase of 25%.

2281: 2161: 1362:

After nearly 300 years of Spanish rule, Quito still remained small with a population of 10,000 people. On 10 August 1809, the city's

674: 10687: 10518: 8808: 7847: 7820: 7573: 7290: 5430:(Quito School), which developed from the 16th to 18th centuries, examples of which are on display in various old churches in Quito. 5404: 2515: 13397: 12692: 12068: 11165: 9850: 9284: 8491: 8340: 7925: 7891: 7689: 7659: 7495: 5993: 2585: 2465:

occur. Its main functions are to organize, control elections, and punish the infringement of electoral rules. Its main body is the

1564: 1132: 11929:

In the Shadows of State and Capital: The United Fruit Company, Popular Struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador – 1900–1995

10437: 8961:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 8013: 6898: 5844: 4378:(387,309 inhabitants). The most populated metropolitan areas of the country are those of Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Manabí Centro ( 3592: 13828: 10885: 7464: 1024: 10299: 8879: 8387: 8082: 7459:"Unemployment hit a record low of 4.1 percent at the end of last year. Poverty's down about 27 percent since he took office". – 6647: 5094:

and Rockola are clear examples of the influence of foreign cultures. One of the most traditional forms of dancing in Ecuador is

1824:

Peru began occupying the missionary villages in the Mainas or Maynas region, which it began calling Loreto, with its capital in

12489: 11195: 10783: 5558: 5508: 4206:

accounts for about 1.4% of the population, or 211,165 members at the end of 2012. According to their sources there were 92,752

3279: 2559: 10938: 10632: 9458:"New Paper Examines Ecuador's Success in Emerging from Economic Recession; Reducing Poverty and Unemployment – Press Releases" 8624:. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 7. 7948: 7047: 6090: 4927:

were the third largest national group in terms of numbers of immigrants. It can be noted that, after World War I, people from

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languages; in some cases, they are used as a second language. Two percent of the population speak only Amerindian languages.

3248:

There is great variety in the climate, largely determined by altitude. It is mild year-round in the mountain valleys, with a

2924:

and have the stated responsibility for the preservation of the integrity and national sovereignty of the national territory.

2044:(Popular Forces Concentration). He governed until 24 May 1981, when he died, along with his wife and the minister of defense 2026: 1710: 1302: 13099: 11477: 10751: 10713: 9778: 8258: 7543: 6211: 5937: 3264:

and relatively dry, and the Amazon basin on the eastern side of the mountains shares the climate of other rainforest zones.

2059:

of the Democratic Left (Izquierda Democrática, or ID) party won the presidency in 1988, winning the runoff election against

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in the world according to Conservation International, and it has the most biodiversity per square kilometer of any nation.

2466: 2205: 2182: 1502:

unified the country in the 1860s with the support of the Roman Catholic Church. In the late 19th century, world demand for

950: 11546:

Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Robalino-Vallejo, Jessica; Buzetta-Ricaurte, María Fernanda; Rojas-Le-Fort, Marlene (12 May 2022).

11123: 9437:

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, CEPAL, Bases de Datos y Publicaciones Estadísticas "Tasa de desempleo"

9222: 8946: 7978: 6702: 4173:. Most festivals and annual parades are based on religious celebrations, many incorporating a mixture of rites and icons. 1859:, Peru gained control over part of the disputed territory and some parts of the province of El Oro, and some parts of the 1763: 1506:

tied the economy to commodity exports and led to migrations from the highlands to the agricultural frontier on the coast.

14165: 13823: 13805: 13691: 12685: 9348: 6518: 5115: 3608: 2629: 197: 11329: 10085: 4024:

idiosyncrasies reflect the ethnic and racial populations that originated and settled the distinct areas of the country.

2995:

country under certain definitions. Ecuador is bigger than Uruguay, Suriname, Guyana and French Guiana in South America.

2005: 14175: 13640: 13131: 12188: 12183: 12171: 12154: 12144: 12127: 9942: 9822: 3863: 2992: 707: 10191: 10142: 1082:. Quito, which remained the capital of the department and republic, is located only about 40 kilometers (25 mi), 175: 14075: 13304: 12639: 12313: 12193: 12081: 11775: 11533: 11454: 11092: 8930: 8743: 8700: 8501: 5674: 5608: 5361:, famous for his work "Cumanda" or "Tragedy among Savages" and the Ecuadorian National Anthem; Juan A. Martinez with 4180: 3410: 3349: 2384: 2153: 1732:. In Ecuador's southern Andes Mountain region where the Marañon cuts across, Ecuador had claims to an area it called 12230: 7742: 6968: 3180:, although there are numerous tribes in the deep jungle which are little-contacted. The largest city in the Oriente 1459:. In 1830, Ecuador separated from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic. Two years later, it annexed the 14170: 13575: 13084: 10329: 9754: 5870: 4016:(spoken by the Waorani). Use of these Amerindian languages is gradually diminishing and being replaced by Spanish. 3513: 3354: 2588:

lauded Ecuador as the first state to have established the promotion of the concept of universal citizenship in its

2311: 2292: 2256: 10270:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 9968: 2284:

in February 2023, voters overwhelmingly rejected his proposed changes, which weakened Lasso's political standing.

1667:, that delineated the borders of Spain's former overseas colonies. In the case of Ecuador, Flores based Ecuador's 1199:

peoples of the Amazon basin relied on hunting and gathering; in some cases, this is combined with agriculture and

1119: 13875: 13420: 10971:

Libraries, Telecentres, Cybercafes and Public Access to ICT: International Comparisons: International Comparisons

3485: 2593: 2364: 1863:, demanding that the Ecuadorian government give up its territorial claims. The Peruvian Navy blocked the port of 1736:. These areas were included as part of the territory of Gran Colombia by Bolivar on 17 December 1819, during the 1617: 1241:

arrived, they found that these confederations were so developed that it took the Incas two generations of rulers—

1008: 360: 10483: 8414: 5906: 5177:

being an integral part of the diet. Beef is also notably consumed in the coastal region, traditional dishes are

2542:

Ecuador has maintained a research station in Antarctica for peaceful scientific study as a member nation of the

13734: 12288: 12116: 12107: 9728: 9160: 5562: 5487: 4250:. This community works independently from the "Jewish Community of Ecuador" and is composed of only 30 people. 4214: 3374: 2800: 2551: 1812:

South America (1879): All land claims by Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia in 1879

1540: 1387: 655: 460: 11753: 10300:"Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC – Data from the national census 2010 (2011-09-02)" 9365: 7396: 7222: 6732: 4295:

cities for family care consultation and treatments in pediatrics, gynecology, clinical medicine, and surgery.

3287:

in the world, it also has the most biodiversity per square kilometer of any nation, and is one of the highest

12583: 12578: 12469: 12397: 12203: 12164: 8314: 8111: 6493:"Oficialmente Ecuador es el país de las orquídeas- Noticias de Cuenca – Azuay – Ecuador – Eltiempo de Cuenca" 5396:, translated to many languages); the short story author Pablo Palacio; and the novelist Alicia Yanez Cossio. 5065: 4981:

From 2007, the Ecuador government created multiple initiatives to attract Ecuadorians abroad mostly from the

3814: 1793: 1686: 1510: 1109: 970: 942: 868: 304: 286: 11977: 9260: 8212: 7161: 2826: 13760: 13712: 12851: 12442: 12364: 12354: 12328: 12308: 12061: 11797:

Colloredo-Mansfeld, Rudi (21 March 2011). "Space, line and story in the invention of an Andean aesthetic".

11390: 9486: 7252: 4344:

2014 the mean number of school years completed in rural areas is 7.39 as compared to 10.86 in urban areas.

4292: 3544: 3310:

Ecuador has 1,600 bird species (15% of the world's known bird species) in the continental area and 38 more

2983:

According to the CIA, Ecuador has a total area of 283,571 km (109,487 sq mi), including the

2589: 2510: 2470: 2432: 2371: 2360: 2165: 849: 844: 834: 535: 7362: 78: 14116: 14096: 13660: 13361: 13171: 13027: 12895: 12503: 12452: 12379: 12374: 12176: 12000: 6394: 6159: 6120: 6061: 5125: 3548: 3493: 3473: 3337: 3199: 2563: 2426: 2239: 2192:'s four years as president (2017–21). After being elected in 2017, President Moreno's government adopted 1899: 1856: 1475: 453: 371: 10457: 4953:

countries due to civil wars, economic crises, and dictatorships. The most notable are those coming from

3427: 14045: 14004: 13984: 12598: 12303: 12298: 12149: 12132: 9795: 6643: 5536: 4939:

of 1921 that restricted immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans as well as other "undesirables".

4148: 3222:

watershed, which runs to the east, and the Pacific, including the north–south rivers Mataje, Santiago,

2410: 2268: 1816:

When Ecuador seceded from the Gran Colombia, Peru contested Ecuador's claims with the newly discovered

1677:(1829) which Peru reluctantly signed, after the overwhelmingly outnumbered Gran Colombian force led by 1663:, also referred to as the Presidencia of Quito. He supported his claims with Spanish Royal decrees, or 1612: 1529: 1375: 1345: 1187:, around 16,500–13,000 years ago. The first people who reached Ecuador may have journeyed by land from 808: 522: 348: 8432: 7069: 5959: 5934:"Tratado de paz y amistad celebrado entre España y la República del Ecuador: en 16 de febrero de 1840" 3024:, or "the coast": The coastal region consists of the provinces to the west of the Andean range – 2836: 2185:

in June 2009. Correa's administration reduced the high levels of poverty and unemployment in Ecuador.

14160: 14065: 13883: 13181: 12404: 12323: 12278: 10820: 10589:

Larrea, Julio. "25 Años de Vida Institucional", Imprenta del Ministerio de Salud Publica, Quito 2008.

10355: 9536: 8281:"Ecuador: UN torture prevention body remains seriously concerned by prison crisis after second visit" 6247: 4433: 4417: 4353: 3249: 3161: 2088: 1977: 1644: 1444: 433: 11628: 10063: 6360: 5337:, born in Riobamba in 1727. Famous authors from the late colonial and early republic period include 12273: 12240: 12026: 12012: 9301: 9037: 7488:"Équateur : Lenín Moreno et le néolibéralisme par surprise – Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières" 7330: 5554: 5532: 4328: 3635: 3481: 3141: 2703: 2303: 2221: 1513: 1352: 993: 887: 20: 10011: 6756:"Tracing the genetic history of the 'Cañaris' from Ecuador and Peru using uniparental DNA markers" 3074:, or "the highlands": The sierra consists of the Andean and Interandean highland provinces – 2069: 2032: 1757: 1678: 1499: 1428: 1397: 13800: 13696: 12545: 12520: 12479: 12435: 12369: 12252: 12220: 12102: 12054: 11044: 10924: 10854: 8858: 8184: 6292: 5777: 5540: 5199:

is an indispensable coastal dish with pre-incan origins. It is often served with fried plantain (

4840: 4371: 4187: 3804: 3532: 3528: 1950: 1714: 1660: 1627: 1622: 1412: 1337: 1311: 1079: 759: 632: 581: 84: 11262: 11066: 9191: 8901: 6185: 4264: 2977: 2453:, court auctioneers, and court receivers. Also there is a special legal regime for Amerindians. 2188:

Correa's three consecutive terms (from 2007 to 2017) were followed by his former Vice President

1495: 1487: 13701: 13166: 13124: 12293: 10552: 10548: 7848:"Noboa, 35, to become Ecuador's next president following election dominated by spiraling crime" 5531:

from Guayaquil, the most popular team in Ecuador, also the team with most local championships;

5342: 5301:

Early literature in colonial Ecuador, as in the rest of Spanish America, was influenced by the

4597: 4519: 4514: 4207: 4159: 3874: 3704: 3654: 3627: 3292: 2605: 2473:

most voted, enjoying complete financial and administrative autonomy. This body, along with the

2401: 2056: 1602: 1479: 1356: 682: 626: 12677: 11595: 4853:

descent, whose ancestors arrived as miners, farmhands and fishermen in the late 19th century.

3643: 3597: 3531:

in 2023. The most notable icons in Ecuadorian sciences are the mathematician and cartographer

3064:

crop is grown. The truly coastal provinces have active fisheries. The largest coastal city is

2721: 2670:, restrictions on the media and civil society have decreased since 2017. In October 2022, the 2052: 439: 13833: 13565: 13074: 13036: 12613: 12097: 9558: 9411: 8455:"Bienvenidos al Ecuador – Geografía – Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana" 8366: 6420: 5544: 5519:, as in most South American countries, is soccer. Its best known professional teams include; 5377: 5373: 5326: 5061: 4873: 3819: 3740: 3304: 3284: 2778: 2774: 2734: 2716: 2656: 2633: 2622: 2414: 2393: 2352: 1997: 1737: 1035: 13345: 13335: 13161: 11990: 9912: 9664: 9326: 8838: 6998: 6899:"Under the Southern Cross: Stories around Humboldt and Bonpland's trip to the New Continent" 6589: 5814: 5439: 5032: 4504: 3157: 2822: 1728:

In the south, Ecuador had claims to a small piece of land beside the Pacific Ocean known as

1491: 13810: 12530: 12484: 12392: 12359: 12318: 12261: 10780:"Still in its infancy, Ecuador's free health care has growing pains | Special Reports" 8972: 8621:

Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys Imbricata)

6051: 5600: 5455: 4720: 4715: 4438: 4422: 4323: 3896: 3760: 3631: 3623: 3524: 3432: 3211: 3045: 2941: 2917: 2901: 2810: 2756: 2693: 2683: 2482: 2462: 2201: 2126: 2107: 1408: 1128: 1020: 792: 550: 418: 8841:, Objective 4, Diagnostic, Section "La Biodiversidad y Patrimonio Natural", 2008 (Spanish) 8651: 8579: 5408:

Ecuador has a wide repertoire of colonial art in the country and other museums, like this

4754: 4618: 4199: 3619: 3341: 3333: 3191: 3033: 2984: 2818: 2129:

on 13 April 2000 as its national currency and on 11 September, the country eliminated the

1895: 1771:

in 1824 (named in its time as Colombia), the Gran Colombia covered all the colored region.

1556: 1043: 923: 64: 8: 13585: 13440: 13309: 13044: 12834: 12593: 12540: 12447: 12342: 12235: 11545: 10824: 10691: 9161:"How the Environmental Lawyer Who Won a Massive Judgment Against Chevron Lost Everything" 7569: 7282: 5431: 5369: 5212: 4936: 4822: 4636: 4584: 4579: 4495: 4053: 3708: 3639: 3535:, born in Riobamba in 1707, and the printer, independence precursor, and medical pioneer 3472:

Ecuador has negotiated bilateral treaties with other countries, besides belonging to the

3436: 3370: 3316: 3103: 3087: 3025: 2909: 2892: 2786: 2406: 2323: 2193: 2178: 1777: 1674: 1432: 1341: 1287: 1184: 996: 926:

in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's

396: 13389: 11703: 9847: 9281: 8976: 7921: 7821:""El partido del presidente Lasso ha tenido un desempeño muy deficiente", dice analista" 7681: 7651: 7487: 6421:"Decade of Reform: Ecuador's Macroeconomic Policies, Institutional Changes, and Results" 6112: 5985: 5471: 5417: 4461: 3848:) population, which is based mainly in Quito and to a lesser extent in Guayaquil. 5,000 3396: 2461:

The electoral system functions by authorities which enter only every four years or when

1781: 1656: 1467: 14190: 13790: 13755: 13727: 13500: 12632: 12608: 12568: 12555: 12474: 12430: 12418: 12283: 12089: 11995: 11814: 11577: 11481: 10051: 9003: 8960: 8005: 7871: 7335: 6913: 6784: 6755: 6560: 6456:"South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity" 6056: 5848: 5739: 5700: 5615: 5479: 5346: 5306: 5302: 5276: 5208: 5204: 5164: 5006: 4913: 4479: 4021: 3936: 3823: 3576: 3405: 3391: 3243: 3099: 3003: 2999: 2782: 2687: 2645: 2134: 1921: 1718: 1471: 1440: 1416: 1323: 1242: 1211: 1148: 1105: 1071: 1000: 982: 11922:

Crude Chronicles: Indigenous Politics, Multinational Oil, and Neoliberalism in Ecuador

10877: 5426: 5252:(guinea pig) are popular and are served with a variety of grains (especially rice and 4806: 4670: 4451: 3037: 2796: 2142: 2115: 1655:

After Ecuador's separation from Colombia on 13 May 1830, its first President, General

1144: 14060: 14040: 13780: 13117: 13029:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples’ Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP)

12563: 12535: 12464: 12159: 11818: 11581: 11569: 11529: 11211: 10975: 10828: 10025: 9142: 9008: 8990: 8875: 8739: 8696: 8497: 8470: 8339:. Ministry of Production, Employment and Competitiveness Coordination. Archived from 6789: 6694: 6639: 6609: 6534: 6471: 6318:"Chicham atiakur metek atin turakur, pénke takakainiachu tuke enentaimtusartiniaitji" 6031: 5549: 5520: 5314: 5232: 4994: 4975: 4888: 4652: 4550: 4259: 4009: 3810: 3681: 3149: 3137: 3091: 3053: 3048:. It is the country's most fertile and productive land, and is the seat of the large 3006:, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and has 2,337 km (1,452 mi) of 2947: 2814: 2790: 2764: 2742: 2543: 2014: 1957:

against Peru: graffiti could be seen on the walls of Quito referring to Peru as the "

1942: 1694: 1460: 316: 282: 11043:. (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Archived from 9137: 9120: 5459: 5451: 5181:

and arroz con menestra y carne asada (rice with beans and grilled beef) served with

4908: 4699: 4217:

goes back to the 16th and 17th centuries. Until the 20th century, the majority were

3079: 2296: 2213: 2060: 2001: 1746: 1370: 1175:

Various peoples had settled in the area of future Ecuador before the arrival of the

818: 14155: 13785: 13765: 12842: 12648: 12603: 12588: 12515: 11964:

Millennial Ecuador: Critical Essays on Cultural Transformations and Social Dynamics

11806: 11559: 11297: 11135: 10017: 9132: 8998: 8980: 6779: 6769: 6686: 6678: 6601: 6082: 5727: 5687: 5636: 5516: 5499: 5475: 5310: 5280: 5076: 4681: 4613: 4243: 4191: 4176: 4170: 4041: 4013: 4005: 3985: 3921: 3857: 3724: 3419: 3327: 3257: 3223: 3153: 2862: 2848: 2830: 2652: 2450: 2130: 1879:

favoring Peru with the territory they occupied at the time the war came to an end.

1753: 1682: 1207: 1124: 1047: 1028: 974: 883: 734: 310: 242: 139: 108: 51: 13844: 11289: 9867: 7949:"Ecuador declares 'internal armed conflict' as gunmen take over live TV broadcast" 6605: 5413: 5242: 3210:, just south of Quito, is one of the world's highest active volcanoes. The top of 13775: 13770: 12716: 12573: 11685: 11640: 10444: 10422: 9899: 9854: 9782: 9775: 9651: 9493: 9444: 9398: 9352: 9333: 9288: 9032: 8934: 8394: 8062: 8042: 7447: 7424: 6016:"Welcome to Ecuador – Geography | Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility" 5933: 5467: 5435: 5341:, a printer and main author of the first newspaper in Ecuadorian colonial times; 5334: 5087: 5036: 4943: 4917: 4846: 4788: 4738: 4704: 4686: 4631: 4563: 4545: 4534: 4509: 4375: 4367: 4278: 4078: 4001: 3845: 3776: 3720: 3662: 3585: 3203: 3083: 3041: 3029: 2921: 2913: 2854: 2844: 2760: 2750: 2306:" against organised crime, in response to the escape of imprisoned leader of the 2260: 2244: 2197: 2146: 1970: 1924:(FAE-806) was one aircraft involved in the claimed shooting down of two Peruvian 1841: 1785: 1517: 1223: 1192: 958: 814: 254: 70: 12037: 11421:"Entre lágrimas, 14 ecuatorianos dejan España por la crisis y vuelven a su país" 10382:"Religion in Latin America: Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region" 9533:"Ecuador first-half trade surplus rises to $ 390 mln – Energy & Oil-Reuters" 5483: 4229:) among them. Ashkenazi Jews arrived mostly as refugees after the ascendance of 4165:

In the rural parts of Ecuador, Amerindian beliefs and Catholicism are sometimes

3198:

Ecuador's capital and second largest city is Quito, which is in the province of

3194:, some 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) west of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean. 2972: 2520: 2413:, and appointing authorities. The acting president's wife receives the title of 2189: 2084: 1093: 13340: 13330: 13325: 12653: 12198: 11564: 11547: 9223:"Ecuador Court Gives Indigenous Groups a Boost in Mining and Drilling Disputes" 9196:

The Texaco-Chevron Case in Ecuador: Law and Justice in the Age of Globalization

8985: 7982: 6774: 6671:"Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: The Valdivia and Machalilla Phases" 6670: 6324: 5747: 5708: 5586: 5566: 5528: 5409: 5381: 5358: 5338: 5099: 4950: 4850: 4801: 4568: 4383: 4036: 3997: 3993: 3712: 3536: 3517: 3456: 3296: 3177: 3119: 3075: 2671: 2010: 1690: 1364: 1274: 1155: 1004: 986: 258: 12864: 11391:"Más del 70% de los ecuatorianos que viven en España quieren volver a su país" 11330:"Ecuador Was a Retirement Paradise for Americans. Then the Drug Gangs Arrived" 9776:

Ecuador Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Ecuador

9345: 8548:. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1986. 4965:. Starting from 2002, there has been an exponential and significant growth in 1847: 14149: 14131: 14118: 13720: 13590: 12825: 12809: 12112: 12041: 11810: 11573: 11360:"Colombianos en Ecuador vuelven a casa tras terremoto "para empezar de nuevo" 10810: 8994: 7460: 7452: 7316: 6698: 6613: 5463: 5447: 5385: 5354: 5295: 5189:. Meat based dishes have their origins in the cattle ranching culture of the 4982: 4932: 4892: 4783: 4772: 4767: 4235: 4155: 3849: 3445: 3261: 3145: 3095: 2866: 2858: 2768: 2667: 2610: 2536: 2209: 2169: 2157: 2092: 1860: 1768: 1729: 1722: 1278: 1267: 1215: 1200: 1188: 1180: 1075: 954: 919: 907: 861: 498: 401: 354: 212: 199: 13742: 12664: 9826: 9121:"Oil Exploitation in the Amazon Basin of Ecuador: A Public Health Emergency" 8457:(in Spanish). 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020 8006:"Lowering the Voting Age to 16 in Practice: Processes and Outcomes Compared" 6682: 3840:, a term used for coastal Mestizo population, brings this up to about 79%). 2469:, which is based in the city of Quito, and consists of seven members of the 2314:(also known as "Fito"), and an armed attack at a public television channel. 1733: 12208: 11845:

Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador's Modern Indigenous Movements

11302: 10939:"The debate over private and public provisions of education | Capacity4dev" 9146: 9012: 8254: 6793: 6760: 5330: 5045: 4900: 3735: 3365: 3231: 3219: 2307: 2288: 2248: 2137:. The US Dollar has been the only official currency of Ecuador since then. 2064: 1981: 1933: 1925: 1876: 1868: 1632: 1246: 978: 927: 424: 342: 266: 11450: 11139: 6327:). Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. 2014. Archived from 4845:

Ecuador houses a small East Asian community mainly consisting of those of

3716: 3523:

Ecuador was placed in 96th position of innovation in technology in a 2013

2880: 1936:

failed to precisely resolve the border along a little river in the remote

1403: 13570: 13510: 13450: 13288: 13079: 12525: 10917:

The Department of Labor's 2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor

9302:"El Banco Central de Ecuador sitúa el crecimiento del 2008 en más del 6%" 9090:"Exclusive: European banks face indigenous calls to end Amazon oil trade" 8927: 8363:"Ecuador: A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America / 2008 Edition" 7016:(First ed.). New York: New York, Bookman Associates. pp. 15–36. 6545:, Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund. Retrieved 7 September 2009. 5443: 5389: 5253: 5238: 5134: 5091: 4226: 4152: 4144: 3227: 2632:'s (HRC) Universal Periodic Review (UPR) has treated the restrictions on 2524: 2173: 2168:

implemented leftist reforms. In December 2008, Correa declared Ecuador's

2073: 1954: 1872: 1535: 1483: 1254: 1250: 946: 389: 11548:"Toward a characterization of Ecuadorian ceviche: much more than shrimp" 10333: 10021: 9750: 8189:. WORLD REPORT 2013, Human Rights Watch. 10 January 2013. pp. 1–3. 7441:

Correa wins re-election and says banks and mass media don't rule anymore

6519:"Ecuador Adopts New Constitution – With CELDF RIGHTS of NATURE Language" 5011: 4817: 4281:

away from the big cities to provide medical health to poor communities.

2883:, despite being included within Region 5, is also under a special unit. 1392: 19:

This article is about the country in South America. For other uses, see

13490: 12225: 11901:

Gender, Indian, Nation: The Contradictions of Making Ecuador, 1830–1925

9913:"UNASUR (South American organization) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" 9586:"Ecuador declares force majeure for oil exports, output due to erosion" 6690: 5504: 5257: 5220: 5171:

In the coastal region, seafood is very popular, with fish, shrimp, and

5155: 5103: 5095: 5049: 4970: 4966: 4665: 4379: 4166: 4108: 4093: 3989: 3685: 3670: 3581: 3489: 3253: 3181: 2960: 2100: 1946: 1910: 1902:, making the first two properties in the world to become listed sites. 1871:, signed on 29 January 1942, in favor of hemispheric unity against the 1681:

defeated President and General La Mar's Peruvian invasion force in the

1637: 1503: 1328: 1273:

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Inca Empire was involved in a

1164: 13109: 11528:(Perez, M. (2019) Eat Like a Local – Ecuador, CZYK Publishing, p. 24, 8429:"History of the 'Escuela Superior Militar de Aviacion Cosme Rennella'" 7922:"Ecuador declares war on armed gangs after TV station attacked on air" 7518:"Ecuador, Venezuela sever diplomatic ties due to improper accusations" 5780:. (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). 3751: 3357:

mean score of 7.66/10, ranking it 35th globally out of 172 countries.

2204:, and flexibility of the labour code. Ecuador also left the left-wing 1796:, had always been dependent on the Presidencia or Audiencia of Quito. 1789: 13929: 13913: 13600: 13520: 13445: 13221: 13196: 13089: 13069: 12965: 12940: 12788: 12733: 9291:. NAM News Network (NNN) (14 February 2013). Retrieved 24 April 2013. 7712:"Lasso inaugurated as first right-wing Ecuador president in 14 years" 5524: 5186: 5178: 4954: 4647: 4529: 4466: 4363: 4333: 4247: 4218: 3791: 3666: 3658: 3540: 3461: 3361: 3215: 3165: 3065: 3007: 2952: 2876: 2746: 2615: 2547: 2535:(OPEC) in 1973 and suspended its membership in 1992. Under President 2498: 2389: 2233: 2229: 1864: 1808: 1452: 1423: 1283: 1262: 1160: 966: 941:

The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of

935: 232: 10714:"Most Efficient Health Care: Countries – Bloomberg Best (and Worst)" 7652:"Ecuador repeals law ending fuel subsidies in deal to stop protests" 5015: 3218:

shape of the planet. The Andes is the watershed divisor between the

2079: 1219: 14091: 13954: 13944: 13908: 13580: 13555: 13535: 13495: 13485: 13455: 13263: 13243: 13211: 13140: 13059: 12955: 12914: 12778: 12768: 12753: 12046: 12016: 11006: 8313:. Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. Archived from 7682:"Guillermo Lasso: Conservative ex-banker elected Ecuador president" 6724: 5190: 5182: 4942:

Most of these communities and their descendants are located in the

4924: 4880: 4749: 4490: 4195: 3837: 3700: 3693: 3689: 3677: 3477: 3311: 3288: 3260:

with a severe rainy season. The climate in the Andean highlands is

3207: 3173: 3057: 3011: 2965: 1516:

in 1851. The descendants of enslaved Ecuadorians are among today's

1448: 1319: 1163:, was an outpost and supplier for the Incan troops, and also was a 1039: 1012: 953:

during the 16th century, achieving independence in 1820 as part of

911: 856: 796: 405: 293: 10662:"Public health care network – Ministry of Public Health – Ecuador" 9616:"Ecuador Resumes Oil Exports From Amazon as Fields Resume Pumping" 7773:"Ecuador president declares state of emergency over drug violence" 6450: 6448: 6152:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Ecuador)" 6113:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Ecuador)" 6018:(in Spanish). 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015 4162:

and 6.97% other (mainly Jewish, Buddhists and Latter-day Saints).

3555:

entrepreneurship in information technology. The antivirus program

2328:

The Ecuadorian State consists of five branches of government: the

2263:

took 52.4% of the vote, compared to 47.6% for left-wing economist

1752:

The war ended when an outnumbered southern Gran Colombian army at

13964: 13898: 13595: 13540: 13515: 13465: 13216: 13201: 13064: 13049: 12960: 12909: 12783: 12738: 11873:

Culture Shock! Ecuador: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette

10809:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

10243: 10192:"Best airport in the world – 2–5 million passengers – ASQ Awards" 5735: 5268: 5224: 5196: 5173: 5147: 5082: 5024: 4962: 4928: 4896: 4884: 4868: 4733: 4140: 3878: 3832: 2988: 2225: 2111: 2040:(People, Change, and Democracy Party) after withdrawing from the 1825: 1669: 1291: 1183:' first dispersal into the Americas occurred near the end of the 1078:

established in 1824 as a division of the former territory of the

1059: 962: 384: 297: 278: 27: 10832: 9252: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8134:"Uruguayan government withdraws from UNASUR and returns to TIAR" 7544:"Outcry as Ecuador allows US military to use Galapagos airstrip" 3509: 3010:. It has 2,010 km (1,250 mi) of land boundaries, with 2897: 2663:

and sabotage", which may lead to an eight-year prison sentence.

2031:

Elections were held on 29 April 1979, under a new constitution.

1470:, who was ultimately deposed. Leaders who followed him included 1411:

between the two Hispanic South American heroes of independence,

13934: 13903: 13550: 13545: 13525: 13475: 13470: 13460: 13283: 13253: 13206: 12986: 12981: 12945: 12804: 12763: 12743: 12707: 9282:

Ecuador GDP Grew 4.3 Percent Average Per Year From 2007 to 2012

8056:

Ecuador to quit OPEC in 2020 in search of bigger export revenue

6445: 5272: 5216: 5200: 4904: 4857: 4230: 4222: 3981: 3320: 3115: 3107: 3049: 2738: 1916: 1456: 1231: 11915:

Ecuador in Focus: A Guide to the People, Politics, and Culture

10688:"Medical Services – Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social" 9751:"Mapping for Results – Ecuador, Latin America & Caribbean" 7355: 6826:. Translated by B. Iceland, Harry. Cambridge University Press. 6753: 5090:(highly established in Afro-Ecuadorian societies), and so on. 4949:

Throughout the 20th century, immigration also came from other

3417:

as official means of transaction (before 2000, the Ecuadorian

2912:(Fuerzas Armadas de la Republica de Ecuador), consists of the 1803: 13939: 13530: 13480: 13238: 12950: 12748: 10815:

Rex A. Hudson (1989). "Labor". In Hanratty, Dennis M. (ed.).

10438:

El 80% de los ecuatorianos afirma ser católico, según el INEC

8827: 8036:

OPEC Suffers Another Departure With Ecuador Seeking More Cash

7596:"Protesters move into Ecuador's capital; president moves out" 7193:"Ecuador's New Chief Picks Cabinet; Leftist in Economic Post" 5318: 5248:

In the highland region, various dishes of pork, chicken, and

5228: 4990: 4986: 4958: 4474: 4456: 4359: 4239: 3883: 3877:

are a minority population (7%) in Ecuador, that includes the

3867: 3744: 3650: 3169: 3123: 3111: 2872: 2840: 2436: 2356: 1905: 1891: 1436: 1333: 1307: 1238: 1176: 931: 483: 191: 119: 7627:"Ecuador Government Returns to Capital Amid National Strike" 6669:

Meggers, Betty J.; Evans, Clifford; Estrada, Emilio (1965).

5657: 5561:

is the tenth largest football stadium in South America. The

5291: 4993:

to return after many left during the 90s economic crisis or

3551:, a chemist and inventor of a method of textile serigraphy. 13959: 13743: 13560: 13258: 13054: 13028: 12924: 12773: 11033: 9743: 9392:

Ecuadorian Inflation Accelerated to Three-Year High in 2011

9327:

Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) – Tasa de Crecimiento Real (%)

7223:"Leftist rolling to victory in Ecuador's presidential race" 7132:"Ecuador's one and only official currency is the US Dollar" 5651: 5642: 3061: 1966: 1962: 1586: 1168: 915: 14071:

Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America

11732:"Las esculturas de Teddy Cobeña las favoritas del público" 10878:"La difícil construcción de la sanidad pública en Ecuador" 9060:"European banks urged to stop funding oil trade in Amazon" 7892:"Business heir Daniel Noboa sworn in as Ecuador president" 6725:"Quito History - Culture, Religion and Lifestyle in Quito" 4935:

but who could no longer enter this country because of the

4246:. The "Comunidad de Culto Israelita" reunites the Jews of 13419: 10218:"Quito, Ecuador's New Airport – Gateway to the Galápagos" 8616: 7418:"Correa's and Ecuador's Success drive The Economist Nuts" 3498:

CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean

2637: 2488: 1546: 1143:

Figure of the Jama Coaque culture (300 BCE-800 CE) (from

873: 11950:

Lonely Planet Guide: Ecuador & the Galápagos Islands

10356:"Central America and Caribbean :: PAPUA NEW GUINEA" 10277:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10248:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

9848:

South American Community Nations – Andean Community -CAN

8957: 5380:; the poets Medardo Angel Silva, Jorge Carrera Andrade, 4273:

is appointed directly by the President of the Republic.

4032:

Equatorial Pacific Spanish or Equatorial Coastal Spanish

1062:" in Spanish, truncated from the Spanish official name, 11880:

Indians, Oil, and Politics: A Recent History of Ecuador

9695:"Downloads – Statistics – Production-Related Documents" 7803:"Drug capo among 16 dead in bloody Ecuador prison riot" 7331:"Ecuador Re-elects President, Preliminary Results Show" 6971:(in Spanish). Presidencia de la República del Ecuador. 5424:

The best known art styles from Ecuador belonged to the

2055:

from the Social Christian Party was elected president.

1659:, laid claim to the territory that had belonged to the 1355:, which caused up to 40,000 casualties, was studied by 261:

and others "are in official use for indigenous peoples"

11504:"Yogurt Persa: De Ecuador a Argentina y Latinoamérica" 11124:"Los Sirio-Libaneses En El Espacio Social Ecuatoriano" 8242:

Reforma judicial en Ecuador debe hacerse hasta el 2015

5271:. Many fruits are available in this region, including 3596:

Santuario Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Agua Santa in

2251:(right) at the latter's inauguration in November 2023. 2217:

between an Ecuadorian and U.S. president in 17 years.

2145:

from office by Congress in April 2005. Vice President

11957:

Histories of the Present: People and Power in Ecuador

11894:

Portrait of a Nation: Culture and Progress in Ecuador

11633:

Journal de la Academia de Literatura Hispanoamericana

11451:"Cuenca Ecuador – How The American Dream Moved South" 11166:"El Guayaquil que acogió a los migrantes extranjeros" 10839: 9814: 8388:

History of the "Escuela Superior Militar Eloy Alfaro"

8159:

Horvitz, Leslie Ann; Catherwood, Christopher (2006).

7743:"Lenín Moreno's legacy to Guillermo Lasso in Ecuador" 6945:(in European Spanish). 10 August 2017. Archived from 5675: 5648: 5645: 5368:

Contemporary Ecuadorian writers include the novelist

2020: 1721:'s intention was to form a new republic known as the 1326:. At the same time, the natives were forced into the 14181:

Member states of the Union of South American Nations

13687:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

11986:

CIA Library Site: Chief of State and Cabinet Members

10629:"Program of the Ministry of Public Health – Ecuador" 9998:

Ecuador ocupa el puesto 96 en innovación tecnológica

9654:. Banco Central del Ecuador (January–February 2008). 9366:"Ecuador Inflation rate (consumer prices) – Economy" 9355:. Bce.fin.ec (11 July 2012). Retrieved 26 July 2012. 8692:

Oceania and Beyond: Essays on the Pacific Since 1945

6345:

Pellizzaro, Siro M.; Nàwech, Fàusto Oswaldo (2003).

5654: 5576: 3326:

Ecuador has the first constitution to recognize the

2495:

Council for Citizen Participation and Social Control

2493:

The Transparency and Social Control consists of the

1996:

In 1972, a "revolutionary and nationalist" military

1070:"Republic of the Equator"), derived from the former 13874: 9118: 8951: 8108:"Ecuador Launches New Human Mobility National Plan" 7393:"Public spending fuels Ecuador leader's popularity" 6969:"Galápagos celebra un año más de provincialización" 6668: 6556:"Figure Seated on a Bench with Hands Held to Mouth" 6347:

Chicham: Dictionario Enciclopédico Shuar-Castellano

6248:"Constitución de la República del Ecuador en Shuar" 5845:"Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador" 5639: 5325:Other early Ecuadorian writers include the Jesuits 5018:

children with the typical Andean indigenous clothes

4147:. Among the people who have a religion, 80.44% are 2651:According to HRW, Correa's government weakened the 1340:(administrative district) of Spain and part of the 1031:of economic inequality improved from 0.55 to 0.47. 11796: 11093:"La libanesa, una colonia con historia desde 1875" 11007:Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador (March 2015). 10348: 7570:"Trump Receives Ecuadorian President Lenín Moreno" 5734:, which literally translates as "Republic of the 5185:. The latter is an emblematic dish of the city of 13744:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 11866:Moon Guidebook: Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands 11069:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2004. 10578:Población total 11,700,000 ~ Población judía 1000 10330:"The Roma Gypsies of Colombia | Latino Life" 8587:. Department of Biology, University of Missouri. 8158: 5962:. Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023. 5388:; the novelist Enrique Gil Gilbert; the novelist 5039:man with the typical Amazonian indigenous clothes 2295:with 52.3% of the vote against leftist candidate 1991: 1206:Many civilizations arose in Ecuador, such as the 14147: 11852:Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador 11097:La libanesa, una colonia con historia desde 1875 10923:, U.S. Department of Labor. 2002. Archived from 10275:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 9868:"Profile: Mercosur – Common Market of the South" 9857:. Comunidadandina.org. Retrieved 21 August 2012. 9785:. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 14 September 2012. 8809:"En Equateur, "s'habituer à vivre sans glacier"" 8475:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8235: 6939:"Ecuador en el día de la Independencia nacional" 6539:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6476:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6344: 6036:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3547:, a botanist and biologist of Andean flora; and 2276:parties to push through his legislative agenda. 2224:began on 3 October 2019 against the end of fuel 2172:illegitimate, based on the argument that it was 2000:overthrew the government of Velasco Ibarra. The 12894: 11908:Ecuador and the United States: Useful Strangers 11009:"Estadística Educativa, Reporte de indicadores" 10690:. Iess.gob.ec. 19 February 2010. Archived from 10508:2017 Service Year Report of Jehovah's Witnesses 9253:"Yahoo! Noticias España – Los titulares de hoy" 8542:Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania 8004:Eichhorn, Jan; Bergh, Johannes (14 July 2021). 7456:. 19 February 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2014. 6866: 6458:. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007 4879:In the early 1900s, there was immigration from 4204:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3118:and the population is predominantly Amerindian 1179:. The archeological evidence suggests that the 562:283,561 km (109,484 sq mi) ( 13682:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 11936:The Ecuador Reader: History, Culture, Politics 10744:"Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth" 10523:Greater Miami Jewish Federation Community Post 8337:"Región 4 – Santo Domingo, Manabí y Galápagos" 7283:"Ecuador referendum endorses new constitution" 6521:. Archived from the original on 3 October 2008 5263:In the Amazon region, a dietary staple is the 3060:. This region is also where most of Ecuador's 3017:The country has four main geographic regions: 2853:Region 7 (27,571 km, or 10,645 mi): 2835:Region 6 (38,237 km, or 14,763 mi): 2809:Region 5 (38,420 km, or 14,834 mi): 2773:Region 3 (44,710 km, or 17,263 mi): 2755:Region 2 (43,498 km, or 16,795 mi): 2733:Region 1 (42,126 km, or 16,265 mi): 1282:Spaniards headed by Francisco Pizarro reached 13860: 13728: 13405: 13125: 13013: 12880: 12693: 12669: 12062: 11696: 11294:Diasporas. Circulations, Migrations, Histoire 10814: 10777: 10484:"LDS Newsroom, Facts and Statistics, Ecuador" 8003: 7846:Alvarado, Tara John, Abel (15 October 2023). 7038: 7036: 6836: 6387:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019" 6105: 5871:"Ecuador: Censo de Población y Vivienda 2022" 5022:Ecuador's dominant culture is defined by its 4834: 3136:, or "the east": The oriente consists of the 2795:Region 4 (22,257 km, or 8,594 mi): 2711: 2700:), each with its own administrative capital: 2577:In 2017, the Ecuadorian parliament adopted a 2533:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 1572: 1195:or by boat down the Pacific Ocean coastline. 137: 100: 42: 12847:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 11475: 10519:"The Lost Sephardic Tribes of Latin America" 10374: 10262: 10016:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 9336:. Indexmundi.com. Retrieved 28 January 2013. 7876:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7395:. Voxxi.com. 25 January 2012. Archived from 6146: 6144: 6142: 4405:According to the 2020 population projections 3788:José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport 3256:in lowlands. The Pacific coastal area has a 1704: 1431:defeated the Spanish Royalist forces at the 13651:Inter-American Telecommunication Commission 13189: 12709:Countries and dependencies of South America 10656: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10297: 9481: 9479: 8738:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 347. 7313:"Avenger against oligarchy" wins in Ecuador 7014:Zarumilla-Marañón: the Ecuador-Peru dispute 5345:(born in Guayaquil), famous for his ode to 5256:) or potatoes. The consumption of "Cuy" or 4358:The five largest cities in the country are 3743:bus rapid transit system that runs through 2677: 2299:. On 23 November 2023, Noboa was sworn in. 2106:Ecuador won its first Olympic medal in the 1804:Struggle for possession of the Amazon Basin 1234:, groups of nations formed confederations. 949:during the 15th century. The territory was 14201:States and territories established in 1830 14196:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 13867: 13853: 13735: 13721: 13412: 13398: 13132: 13118: 13020: 13006: 12887: 12873: 12700: 12686: 12069: 12055: 11943:Insight Guidebook: Ecuador & Galápagos 11668:, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1952 11623: 11621: 11230: 10623: 10621: 10600:"History of the Ministry of Public Health" 10163: 10013:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 9969:"Ecuador says pays off last debt with IMF" 9645:Ecuador: Evolucion de la Balanza Comercial 9485:Rebeca, Ray and Sara, Kozameh. (May 2012) 9346:Banco Central del Ecuador – Resumen de pib 8852:"Ecuador – Biodiversity Conservation" 8311:"Niveles administrativos de planificación" 7305: 7033: 5215:. The coast is also a leading producer of 5098:. It is originally from northern Ecuador ( 2431:The legislative branch is embodied by the 2317: 1579: 1565: 1133:National Archaeological Museum of Florence 945:that were gradually incorporated into the 886:until 2000, replaced by the US dollar and 181:Location of Ecuador (dark green) 174: 13646:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 13636:Secretariat for Multidimensional Security 11934:Torre, C. de la and Striffler, S. (2008) 11859:Cañar: A Year in the Highlands of Ecuador 11563: 11301: 10106: 9136: 9119:San Sebastian, M.; Hurtig, A. K. (2004). 9002: 8984: 6851: 6783: 6773: 6675:Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 6280:Ayamrumamu nuyá Iniankasrik Ayamruma Papi 6139: 5412:Yapanga from colonial Quito, in 1783, by 5081:The music of Ecuador has a long history. 3614:Among the main tourist destinations are: 3366:oil exploitation of the Amazon rainforest 3052:exportation plantations of the companies 2103:fought between Ecuador and Peru in 1995. 2072:" ("Alfaro Lives, Dammit!"), named after 1608:First Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1857-1860) 1359:, when he visited the area in 1801–1802. 1042:plants and animals, such as those of the 744: 11754:"Teddy Cobeña expondrá en Europa y Asia" 11287: 10907: 10905: 10903: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10647: 9584:Valencia, Alexandra (13 December 2021). 9583: 9476: 9026:Lemonick, Michael D. (30 October 1995). 9025: 8926:Ministry of the environment of Ecuador, 8649: 8581:A Check List of the Syrphidae of Oceania 7845: 7624: 7098: 6821: 6806: 5503: 5403: 5290: 5031: 5010: 4327: 4263: 4175: 4000:(spoken by the Achuar and the Shiwiar), 3818: 3750: 3734: 3591: 3580: 3567:are products of Ecuadorian development. 3508: 3504: 3464:, real estate center for the upper class 3455: 3426: 3395: 3332: 3278: 2971: 2959: 2951: 2896: 2715: 2702: 2609: 2586:International Organization for Migration 2514: 2435:, which is headquartered in the city of 2388: 2238: 2078: 1915: 1904: 1851:Map of Ecuadorian land claims after 1916 1846: 1807: 1762: 1402: 1391: 1301: 1154: 1138: 1118: 576:256,370 km (98,990 sq mi) 13829:OPEC Fund for International Development 13139: 12123:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute 11913:Roos, W. and Van Renterghem, O. (2000) 11618: 11233:"Ancón, la pequeña Inglaterra olvidada" 11128:Journal de la Société des Américanistes 11121: 11073:from the original on September 28, 2013 10967: 10875: 10618: 10236: 10109:"José rodríguez lavandera, el inventor" 9220: 8735:France and the South Pacific Since 1940 8731: 8161:Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide 7465:Center for Economic and Policy Research 7373:from the original on September 22, 2012 6896: 6482:, Conservation.org (16 September 2003). 6178: 5907:"Religion affiliations in Ecuador 2020" 3527:study. Ecuador was ranked 104th in the 2287:On 15 October 2023, centrist candidate 1603:Gran Colombian-Peruvian War (1828–1829) 1590:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute 1553:Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute 1439:. Following the battle, Ecuador joined 1332:labor system for the Spanish. In 1563, 1297: 1025:Center for Economic and Policy Research 922:on the west. Ecuador also includes the 14148: 11457:from the original on February 10, 2015 11310:from the original on November 28, 2020 11231:Ventimilla, Marcello (7 August 2019). 11216:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 11067:"Ecuador: Virtual Jewish History Tour" 10724:from the original on September 6, 2014 10310:from the original on 24 September 2014 9401:. Bloomberg. Retrieved 21 August 2012. 9189: 9070:from the original on 14 September 2020 8496:. Angus & Robertson. p. 190. 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8034:Stephan Kueffner & Peter Millard, 7740: 7328: 7322: 7190: 7129: 7080:from the original on 21 September 2021 7070:"Apology Of An Economic Hitman (2010)" 6587: 5931: 5772: 5770: 5559:Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo 5509:Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo 4864:, Ecuador granted them entry permits. 4860:refugees from Germany aboard the ship 4268:Hospital Docente de Calderón, in Quito 4242:. There are very small communities in 4027:The three main regional variants are: 4012:(spoken by the Siona and Secoya), and 2566:, and the Bank of the South (Spanish: 2560:Latin American Integration Association 2489:Transparency and social control branch 1547:Loss of claimed territories since 1830 1277:. The untimely death of both the heir 572:• Excluding the Galapagos Islands 13848: 13716: 13421:Organization of American States (OAS) 13393: 13113: 13001: 12868: 12681: 12668: 12050: 11786:from the original on 2 February 2017. 11764:from the original on 2 February 2017. 11742:from the original on 2 February 2017. 11653:History of the Latin-American Nations 11478:"Photos Indigenous people of Ecuador" 11431:from the original on 11 November 2022 11401:from the original on 11 November 2022 11388: 11370:from the original on 11 November 2022 10988:from the original on 29 November 2023 10949:from the original on 15 December 2020 10921:Bureau of International Labor Affairs 10900: 10766: 10291: 10198:from the original on 3 September 2012 9802:from the original on 17 November 2014 9464:from the original on 11 November 2014 9372:from the original on 29 November 2014 9308:from the original on 15 December 2014 9263:from the original on 8 September 2014 9125:Pan American Journal of Public Health 8908:from the original on 17 February 2012 8882:from the original on 1 September 2010 8815:from the original on 20 November 2021 8643: 8483: 7902:from the original on 24 November 2023 7753:from the original on 21 November 2021 7718:. Agence France Presse. 24 May 2021. 7130:Kapche, Patrick James (24 May 2019). 7026:Roos, Wilma and van Renterghem, Omer 6975:from the original on 21 February 2016 6569:from the original on 23 November 2023 6433:from the original on 20 December 2019 6204: 6093:from the original on 13 November 2019 5996:from the original on 20 November 2023 5940:from the original on 16 November 2016 5887:from the original on 12 November 2023 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5686: 5357:, a prominent essayist and novelist; 4190:, Amerindian religions, Muslims (see 3747:. It is the principal BRT in Ecuador. 3400:GDP per capita development of Ecuador 3044:, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas and 2420: 1623:Second Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1941) 1560: 1534:The Liberal Revolution of 1895 under 1523: 1422:On 9 October 1820, the Department of 1314:, today a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 13656:Inter-American Court of Human Rights 13631:Secretariat for Integral Development 12076: 11712:from the original on 19 October 2022 11269:from the original on 12 October 2022 11243:from the original on 12 October 2022 11103:from the original on 25 October 2022 10394:from the original on 21 October 2018 10107:Lavandera, J.R. (27 December 2009). 10038:from the original on 22 October 2023 10009: 9979:from the original on 3 February 2020 9949:from the original on 25 January 2015 9874:from the original on 10 October 2014 9820: 9757:from the original on 9 February 2014 9233:from the original on 6 February 2022 9192:"Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental" 9171:from the original on 25 January 2021 8774: 8688: 8666:from the original on 24 January 2022 8594:from the original on 26 January 2022 8577: 8555:from the original on 20 January 2022 8489: 8261:from the original on 23 January 2012 7946: 7858:from the original on 30 October 2023 7827:from the original on 7 February 2023 7625:Kueffner, tephan (10 October 2019). 7606:from the original on 10 October 2019 7011: 6401:from the original on 10 October 2020 6219:United Nations Development Programme 6166:from the original on 15 October 2023 6127:from the original on 15 October 2023 5966:from the original on 10 January 2021 5825:from the original on 10 January 2021 5784:from the original on 18 October 2013 4306:Ecuador currently ranks 20, in most 3870:account for 7.4% of the population. 3784:Mariscal Sucre International Airport 2720:Cabellera de la Virgen waterfall in 2302:In January 2024, Noboa declared an " 2206:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 2183:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 1638:Third Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (1995) 14186:Member states of the United Nations 13692:American Convention on Human Rights 12236:2010 coup d'état attempt and crisis 12138:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War (1857–1860) 11850:Becker, M. and Clark, A. K. (2007) 10798: 10778:Olsont, David (19 September 2009). 10362:from the original on April 12, 2021 10000:. elcomercio.com. 19 September 2013 9923:from the original on 9 October 2014 9626:from the original on 7 January 2022 9565:from the original on 2 October 2014 9221:Einhorn, Catrin (4 February 2022). 9100:from the original on 8 October 2020 8695:. Greenwood Press. pp. 20–21. 8628:from the original on 4 October 2023 8291:from the original on 6 October 2022 8193:from the original on 6 October 2014 8167: 8140:from the original on 19 August 2021 7959:from the original on 9 January 2024 7928:from the original on 9 January 2024 7498:from the original on 6 October 2019 7293:from the original on 15 August 2022 7263:from the original on 15 August 2022 7233:from the original on 15 August 2022 7203:from the original on 15 August 2022 7172:from the original on 15 August 2022 7142:from the original on 5 October 2022 6886:. Presses Universitaires de France. 5767: 5553:; they were also runners-up in the 5365:; Dolores Veintimilla; and others. 5116:List of Ecuadorian dishes and foods 2657:independence of the judicial system 2456: 2378: 2038:Partido Pueblo, Cambio y Democracia 1257:in 1463 sharing the same language. 13: 13641:Inter-American Commission of Women 11829: 11606:from the original on 22 April 2021 11596:"Ecuador's Exports – Fruit Galore" 11510:from the original on 25 March 2023 11480:. South-images.com. Archived from 11389:Guede, Araceli (24 October 2012). 10416:El 80% de ecuatorianos es católico 9202:from the original on 14 April 2021 8076:"Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana" 8045:, Bloomberg News (2 October 2019). 8016:from the original on 30 March 2024 7692:from the original on 14 April 2021 7576:from the original on 13 April 2021 7550:from the original on 13 April 2021 7524:from the original on 13 April 2021 7343:from the original on June 27, 2017 7253:"Ecuador's new president sworn in" 7162:"Ecuador Congress ousts president" 6995:"Assessment for Blacks in Ecuador" 6228:from the original on 13 March 2024 6212:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 5796: 5305:. One of the earliest examples is 4401:Largest cities or towns in Ecuador 2991:, which would thus make Ecuador a 2556:Latin American Energy Organization 2504: 2443: 2396:, seat of the President of Ecuador 2042:Concentración de Fuerzas Populares 2021:Return to democracy (1979–present) 1218:(near present-day Quito), and the 965:, followed by large minorities of 250:Recognized regional languages 14: 14212: 14076:Council of South American Defense 13626:Secretariat for Political Affairs 12458:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis 11971: 11172:from the original on 6 March 2022 11168:. El Telegrafo. 16 October 2020. 11146:from the original on 30 June 2015 10559:from the original on 17 July 2011 10529:from the original on 30 June 2014 10490:from the original on 28 June 2019 10244:"World Population Prospects 2022" 10084:. 28 October 2013. Archived from 9943:"Union of South American Nations" 9796:"Ranking 2010 – Ranking completo" 9665:"Bananas Exports by Country 2021" 9596:from the original on 24 June 2022 9418:from the original on 16 June 2013 8777:Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands 8510:from the original on 4 April 2023 8223:from the original on 27 June 2017 7783:from the original on 5 March 2022 7741:García, Alberto (16 April 2021). 7662:from the original on 3 March 2022 6881: 6735:from the original on 25 July 2022 6705:from the original on 17 June 2022 6650:from the original on 30 June 2022 6620:from the original on 25 July 2022 6588:Ferdon, Edwin N. (24 June 1966). 6367:from the original on 7 April 2024 6258:from the original on 4 April 2019 6192:from the original on 14 June 2020 5609:Index of Ecuador-related articles 5158:) are some of the typical dishes. 4347: 3449:(69,200 m/d) in early 2022. 2385:List of heads of state of Ecuador 2027:History of Ecuador (1990–present) 1498:, among others. The conservative 1286:and lured Atahualpa into a trap ( 1167:, a place of worship to the Sun ( 1123:A Venus (2,300-2,000 BCE) of the 1067: 1038:in the world, Ecuador hosts many 13576:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13098: 13085:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12824: 12251: 12031: 12021: 11875:, Marshall Cavendish Corporation 11854:, University of Pittsburgh Press 11790: 11768: 11746: 11724: 11690: 11671: 11658: 11645: 11588: 11539: 11522: 11496: 11469: 11443: 11413: 11382: 11352: 11340:from the original on 20 May 2024 11322: 11281: 11255: 11237:anconlapequenainglaterraolvidada 11224: 11184: 11158: 11115: 11085: 11059: 11000: 10961: 10931: 10888:from the original on 15 May 2019 10869: 10804: 10736: 10706: 10680: 10592: 10583: 10571: 10541: 10511: 10502: 10476: 10464:from the original on 5 June 2024 10450: 10447:. eluniverso.com. 15 August 2012 10428: 10406: 10322: 10298:EL UNIVERSO (2 September 2011). 10210: 10184: 10157: 10141:. Eluniverso.com. Archived from 10131: 10100: 10070: 10003: 9991: 9961: 9935: 9905: 9886: 9860: 9841: 9788: 9769: 9713: 9687: 9675:from the original on 20 May 2022 9657: 9638: 9608: 9577: 9551: 9525: 9513:from the original on 5 June 2013 9499: 9450: 9430: 9404: 9384: 9358: 9339: 9320: 9294: 9275: 9245: 9214: 9183: 9153: 9112: 9082: 9052: 9019: 8939: 8920: 8894: 8868: 8844: 8801: 8792: 8783: 8768: 8752:from the original on 17 May 2023 8725: 8709:from the original on 17 May 2023 8682: 8610: 8571: 8533: 8493:Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama 8431:. Esmafae.mil.ec. Archived from 7823:. CNN Español. 6 February 2023. 7722:from the original on 24 May 2021 7363:"Most Popular E-mail Newsletter" 7329:Romero, Simon (April 27, 2009). 7111:from the original on 18 May 2022 5913:from the original on 6 July 2022 5635: 5593: 5579: 5133: 5124: 4513: 4503: 4460: 4450: 4202:. According to their estimates, 4181:Colonial Jesuit Convent of Quito 3355:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1961:", a reference to the murder of 1318:New infectious diseases such as 769: 768: 743: 721: 720: 702: 701: 669: 668: 650: 649: 156: 77: 63: 13876:Union of South American Nations 11864:Brown, J. and Smith, J. (2009) 11836:Ades, H. and Graham, M. (2010) 10968:Ricardo, Gomez (31 July 2011). 10425:. lahora.com.ec. 15 August 2012 9893:Which are its member countries? 9390:Gill, Nathan. (6 January 2012) 9190:Pigrau, Antoni (27 July 2014). 9138:10.1590/S1020-49892004000300014 8447: 8421: 8399: 8381: 8355: 8329: 8303: 8273: 8247: 8205: 8152: 8126: 8100: 8068: 8048: 8028: 7997: 7971: 7940: 7914: 7884: 7839: 7813: 7795: 7765: 7734: 7704: 7674: 7644: 7618: 7588: 7562: 7536: 7510: 7480: 7471: 7434: 7411: 7385: 7275: 7245: 7215: 7184: 7154: 7123: 7092: 7062: 7020: 7005: 6987: 6961: 6931: 6906:Latin American Applied Research 6890: 6875: 6860: 6845: 6830: 6815: 6800: 6747: 6717: 6662: 6632: 6581: 6548: 6511: 6485: 6413: 6379: 6353: 6338: 6310: 6270: 6240: 6075: 6044: 5721: 5628: 5482:from the Informalist Movement; 5241:, analogous with the Brazilian 4308:efficient health care countries 3798: 3486:Inter-American Development Bank 3437:currency circulating in Ecuador 3274: 3234:, Jubones, and Puyango-Tumbes. 2998:Ecuador lies between latitudes 2599: 2594:Union of South American Nations 2481:which is one of Ecuador's five 2365:Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly 2346:Transparency and Social Control 2196:policies, such as reduction of 1381: 1114: 1009:Organization of American States 918:on the east and south, and the 906:, is a country in northwestern 11959:, University of Illinois Press 11887:Culture and Customs of Ecuador 11629:"Boceto de Poesía Ecuatoriana" 11296:(19). openjournal.com: 72–81. 10851:Campaign for Fighting Diseases 10460:. World Atlas. 25 April 2017. 8183:"World Report 2013: Ecuador". 7191:Forero, Juan (22 April 2005). 7101:"Outsourcing the Money Supply" 6008: 5978: 5952: 5925: 5899: 5863: 5837: 5563:Ecuador national football team 5446:from the Indiginist Movement; 5313:, but his work was written in 4215:History of the Jews in Ecuador 3588:, a UNESCO World Heritage city 3122:. The largest Sierran city is 2801:Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas 2552:Latin American Economic System 2247:(center) with President-elect 2181:. He brought Ecuador into the 1992:Military governments (1972–79) 1388:Ecuadorian War of Independence 617:69/km (178.7/sq mi) ( 1: 12204:Supreme Council of Government 11938:, Duke University Press Books 11931:, Duke University Press Books 11924:, Duke University Press Books 11910:, University of Georgia Press 11903:, University of Arizona Press 11847:, Duke University Press Books 11776:"Madrid guarda arte manabita" 11666:Surviving Pre-Columbian Drama 11099:. El Universo. 30 July 2006. 9447:Retrieved on 28 January 2013. 8945:Ministry of the environment, 8110:. 8 June 2018. Archived from 7947:John, Tara (9 January 2024). 7099:Schnurer, Eric (2 May 2014). 6606:10.1126/science.152.3730.1731 5760: 5286: 5223:(to make chocolate), shrimp, 5066:List of newspapers in Ecuador 3815:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador 3476:, and an associate member of 3299:-Nambillo Ecological Reserve. 3190:is the region comprising the 2523:with U.S. Secretary of State 2259:, conservative former banker 2210:tax rates for large companies 1909:Ecuadorian troops during the 1687:First Treaty of San Ildefonso 1396:Venezuelan independence hero 1110:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador 957:, from which it emerged as a 11041:"Proyecciones Poblacionales" 10664:. Msp.gob.ec. Archived from 10631:. Msp.gob.ec. Archived from 10602:. Msp.gob.ec. Archived from 10139:"Checkprogram press release" 9725:Central Intelligence Agency 9487:Ecuador's Economy Since 2007 9028:"Can the Galapagos Survive?" 8839:Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir 8653:The Hippoboscidae of Oceania 8650:Bequaert, Joseph C. (1941). 8520:can further define the word 7105:U.S. News & World Report 6867:Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. 5778:"Proyecciones Poblacionales" 4366:(2.72 million inhabitants), 4362:(2.78 million inhabitants), 4317: 3730: 3563:, and Core Banking Software 3559:, banking protection system 3303:Ecuador is one of seventeen 2976:Napo Wildlife Center in the 2935: 2879:are Metropolitan Districts. 2614:Poor class neighborhoods in 2511:Foreign relations of Ecuador 2372:National Assembly of Ecuador 2133:, in order to stabilize the 1976:Ecuador and Peru signed the 1756:on 27 February 1829, led by 1447:, also including modern-day 1053: 116:Pro Deo, Patria et Libertate 7: 13824:List of secretaries general 13661:Pan American Union Building 13367:Vehicle registration plates 12896:Andean Community of Nations 12490:Water supply and sanitation 12036:Geographic data related to 12001:Central Intelligence Agency 11861:, University of Texas Press 11799:Journal of Material Culture 8065:, Reuters (1 October 2019). 6837:Cabello de Balboa, Miguel. 6395:International Monetary Fund 6160:International Monetary Fund 6121:International Monetary Fund 6062:Central Intelligence Agency 5936:. en la Imprenta Nacional. 5572: 5203:or patacones), popcorn, or 4374:(458,580 inhabitants), and 4188:Eastern Orthodox Christians 4186:There is a small number of 4047: 3890: 3494:International Monetary Fund 3474:Andean Community of Nations 3338:Western Santa Cruz tortoise 3291:worldwide. In the image, a 3283:Ecuador is one of the most 2886: 2692:Ecuador is divided into 24 2564:Andean Community of Nations 2427:National Assembly (Ecuador) 2312:José Adolfo Macías Villamar 1900:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 951:colonized by Spanish Empire 511:• Recognized by Spain 125:"God, homeland and freedom" 10: 14217: 14166:Countries in South America 12150:Liberal Revolution of 1895 12027:Wikimedia Atlas of Ecuador 11966:, University Of Iowa Press 11868:, Avalon Travel Publishing 11838:The Rough Guide to Ecuador 11565:10.1186/s42779-022-00131-w 11453:. vivatropical.com. 2013. 11290:"Italians in the Americas" 10358:. CIA The World Factbook. 8986:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 8659:. Harvard Medical School. 8365:. ccmr.org. Archived from 7136:People Places and Thoughts 6775:10.1186/s12864-020-06834-1 6644:Metropolitan Museum of Art 5497: 5113: 5109: 5074: 5059: 5004: 5000: 4838: 4835:Immigration and emigration 4502: 4449: 4392: 4351: 4332:University of the Arts in 4321: 4257: 4063:Religion in Ecuador (2014) 4051: 4008:(spoken by the Tsáchila), 3894: 3808: 3802: 3758: 3574: 3570: 3543:in Latin America in 1837; 3484:(WTO), in addition to the 3389: 3385: 3241: 3237: 2945: 2939: 2890: 2712:Regions and planning areas 2681: 2603: 2508: 2467:National Electoral Council 2424: 2411:National Police of Ecuador 2382: 2321: 2024: 1550: 1530:Liberal Revolution of 1895 1527: 1385: 1346:Viceroyalty of New Granada 1103: 1099: 1058:The country's name means " 25: 18: 14176:Former OPEC member states 14084: 14066:South American Parliament 14033: 13977: 13922: 13891: 13882: 13819: 13751: 13669: 13613: 13436: 13427: 13375: 13354: 13318: 13297: 13276: 13231: 13180: 13154: 13147: 13096: 13035: 12974: 12933: 12902: 12833: 12822: 12797: 12726: 12715: 12675: 12670:Links to related articles 12626: 12554: 12511: 12502: 12426: 12417: 12350: 12341: 12269: 12260: 12249: 12088: 11885:Handelsman, M. H. (2008) 11288:Pagnotta, Chiara (2011). 10821:Federal Research Division 10078:"Global Innovation Index" 8244:, diariodigitalcentro.com 7429:New Economic Perspectives 6912:: 203–208. Archived from 6824:History of the Inca Realm 5986:"Ecuador country profile" 5948:– via Google Books. 5932:España (1 January 1841). 5493: 4354:List of cities in Ecuador 4253: 4130: 4122: 4117: 4107: 4102: 4092: 4087: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3950: 3945: 3935: 3930: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3663:Historic center of Cuenca 3545:Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar 3250:humid subtropical climate 2630:UN's Human Rights Council 1978:Brasilia Presidential Act 1855:During the course of the 1711:struggle for independence 1705:Struggle for independence 1645:Brasilia Presidential Act 1598: 1541:José María Velasco Ibarra 1445:Republic of Gran Colombia 1249:—to absorb them into the 994:representative democratic 879: 867: 855: 843: 833: 825: 803: 788: 758: 733: 714: 695: 681: 662: 643: 625: 611: 597: 587: 580: 570: 556: 549: 545: 532: 519: 509: 493: 480: 470: 466: 459: 449: 445: 430: 415: 411: 395: 383: 328: 265: 248: 238: 228: 187: 173: 150: 132: 93: 59: 37: 13149:(Southern Common Market) 12241:2024 Ecuadorian conflict 12009:at UCB Libraries GovPubs 11811:10.1177/1359183510394945 11122:Almeida, Mónica (1997). 10817:Ecuador: A country study 10782:. PE.com. Archived from 9669:www.worldstopexports.com 9287:29 November 2014 at the 8902:"Ecuador's Constitution" 8732:Aldrich, Robert (1993). 8163:. Infobase. p. 137. 7492:www.europe-solidaire.org 6809:Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui 6361:"Población y Demografía" 5621: 5555:2008 FIFA Club World Cup 5418:Museo de América, Madrid 5235:, among other products. 5070: 5055: 4210:in the country in 2017. 4004:(spoken by the Chachi), 3651:Historic center of Quito 3636:Podocarpus National Park 3482:World Trade Organization 3480:. It also serves on the 3382:projects on their land. 3102:, Bolívar, Cotopaxi and 2678:Administrative divisions 2463:elections or referendums 2099:A notable event was the 1633:Paquisha incident (1981) 1494:; and Flores's own son, 1353:1797 Riobamba earthquake 1096:, south of the equator. 934:and its largest city is 888:Ecuadorian centavo coins 26:Not to be confused with 21:Ecuador (disambiguation) 16:Country in South America 14171:Former Spanish colonies 13697:Pan-American Conference 12221:War on drugs in Ecuador 12177:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 12103:Real Audiencia of Quito 11552:Journal of Ethnic Foods 9917:Encyclopædia Britannica 9492:2 February 2014 at the 9397:2 February 2014 at the 9351:29 October 2012 at the 9332:24 January 2013 at the 8904:. Pdba.georgetown.edu. 8876:"Unesco World Heritage" 8857:. USAID. Archived from 8689:King, Frank P. (1976). 8578:Hull, Frank M. (1937). 7012:Zook, David H. (1964). 6997:. CIDCM. Archived from 6854:El Señorio de los Incas 6683:10.5479/si.00810223.1.1 4946:region of the country. 4841:Emigration from Ecuador 4370:(636,996 inhabitants), 3996:(spoken by the Shuar), 3992:(spoken by the Cofan), 3805:Demographics of Ecuador 3609:World Biosphere Reserve 3533:Pedro Vicente Maldonado 3529:Global Innovation Index 3460:Puerto de Santa Ana in 2910:Ecuadorian Armed Forces 2865:. Administrative city: 2847:. Administrative city: 2829:. Administrative city: 2803:. Administrative city: 2789:. Administrative city: 2767:. Administrative city: 2749:. Administrative city: 2636:and efforts to control 2407:Armed Forces of Ecuador 2318:Government and politics 2304:internal armed conflict 1884:Glorious May Revolution 1857:Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 1661:Real Audiencia of Quito 1628:Border incident of 1978 1618:Torres Causana incident 1312:Real Audiencia of Quito 1080:Royal Audience of Quito 882: 706:$ 122.762 billion ( 599:• 2022 census 239:Official languages 102:Dios, patria y libertad 13702:Summit of the Americas 13167:Protocol of Ouro Preto 12194:Military Junta of 1963 11962:Whitten, N. E. (2003) 11955:Whitten, N. E. (2011) 11917:, Latin America Bureau 11857:Blakenship, J. (2005) 11697:Vicente Albán (1783). 11627:Borja, Piedad (1972). 11303:10.4000/diasporas.1818 10876:Ramirez, Loïc (2018). 10553:Jewish Virtual Library 10486:. mormonnewsroom.org. 10443:19 August 2012 at the 10421:11 August 2013 at the 9823:"Industrias en CUENCA" 9781:24 August 2012 at the 9229:. The New York Times. 8213:"Democracy in Ecuador" 7030:, New York, 2000, p.5. 6897:Lavilla, E.O. (2004). 6852:Cieza de León, Pedro. 6087:ecuadorencifras.gob.ec 5731: 5684:Spanish pronunciation: 5512: 5421: 5399: 5343:Jose Joaquin de Olmedo 5298: 5040: 5019: 4336: 4269: 4183: 3827: 3756: 3748: 3655:Ciudad Mitad del Mundo 3649:Cultural attractions: 3628:El Cajas National Park 3600: 3589: 3520: 3465: 3440: 3401: 3344: 3300: 3293:pale-mandibled aracari 2980: 2969: 2957: 2905: 2725: 2708: 2697: 2618: 2606:LGBT rights in Ecuador 2528: 2483:branches of government 2397: 2252: 2096: 2057:Rodrigo Borja Cevallos 1929: 1913: 1852: 1813: 1772: 1476:José Joaquín de Olmedo 1419: 1400: 1357:Alexander von Humboldt 1315: 1172: 1152: 1136: 138: 101: 43: 14051:President Pro Tempore 13834:OPEC Reference Basket 13796:Republic of the Congo 13566:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13305:President pro tempore 13075:Saint Kitts and Nevis 12098:Pre-Columbian Ecuador 11927:Striffler, S. (2001) 11684:25 April 2012 at the 11140:10.3406/jsa.1997.1677 10750:. CIA. Archived from 10279:, Population Division 10250:, Population Division 9721:"The World Fact Book" 9443:18 March 2015 at the 9257:Yahoo Noticias España 8965:Nature Communications 8933:25 March 2012 at the 8061:11 April 2020 at the 8041:11 April 2020 at the 8010:Parliamentary Affairs 7446:18 March 2015 at the 7423:16 April 2015 at the 7289:. 29 September 2008. 6869:Historia de los Incas 6822:Rostworowski, María. 6807:Rostworowski, María. 5992:. 11 September 2012. 5880:. 21 September 2023. 5732:República del Ecuador 5565:has appeared at four 5507: 5488:traditional paintings 5407: 5392:(author of the novel 5386:Luis Alberto Costales 5374:Jorge Carrera Andrade 5327:Juan Bautista Aguirre 5294: 5062:Television in Ecuador 5035: 5014: 4331: 4267: 4179: 4169:into a local form of 3988:(spoken by the Awá), 3822: 3754: 3738: 3595: 3584: 3512: 3505:Sciences and research 3459: 3430: 3399: 3336: 3323:World Heritage Site. 3305:megadiverse countries 3285:megadiverse countries 3282: 3252:in coastal areas and 2975: 2963: 2956:Ecuadorian topography 2955: 2900: 2724:, Tungurahua Province 2719: 2706: 2634:freedom of expression 2623:Amnesty International 2613: 2579:law on human mobility 2519:Ecuadorian President 2518: 2415:First Lady of Ecuador 2394:Palacio de Carondelet 2392: 2353:Palacio de Carondelet 2293:presidential election 2255:In the 11 April 2021 2242: 2082: 2070:¡Alfaro Vive, Carajo! 2033:Jaime Roldós Aguilera 1986:Cordillera del Cóndor 1959:Cain de Latinoamérica 1938:Cordillera del Cóndor 1919: 1908: 1890:In 1978, the city of 1850: 1811: 1766: 1758:Antonio José de Sucre 1738:Congress of Angostura 1679:Antonio José de Sucre 1500:Gabriel García Moreno 1429:Antonio José de Sucre 1406: 1398:Antonio José de Sucre 1395: 1336:became the seat of a 1305: 1158: 1142: 1122: 1064:República del Ecuador 1036:megadiverse countries 654:$ 268.1 billion ( 151:"Hail, Oh Fatherland" 44:República del Ecuador 13806:United Arab Emirates 11978:President of Ecuador 11899:O'Connor, E. (2007) 11780:El Diario de Ecuador 11677:Dolores Veintimilla 11484:on 11 September 2012 9898:17 July 2012 at the 9853:30 June 2012 at the 9701:on 20 September 2014 9650:17 June 2012 at the 9539:on 28 September 2014 8775:Dowl, Aimee (2010). 8407:"Armada del Ecuador" 8393:19 July 2011 at the 8317:on 24 September 2015 8054:Alexandra Valencia, 7572:. 13 February 2020. 7229:. 27 November 2006. 7050:on 27 September 2013 6839:Miscelánea antártica 6640:"Valdivia Figurines" 6334:on 20 December 2019. 5974:– via CIA.gov. 5601:Latin America portal 5333:in 1725, and Father 4324:Education in Ecuador 3906:Languages in Ecuador 3897:Languages of Ecuador 3761:Transport in Ecuador 3632:Sangay National Park 3624:Yasuni National Park 3618:Nature attractions: 3525:World Economic Forum 3516:'s first satellite, 3433:United States dollar 3373:case. This American 2978:Yasuní National Park 2964:Historically famous 2942:Geography of Ecuador 2902:Ecuadorian Air Force 2707:Provinces of Ecuador 2684:Provinces of Ecuador 2361:current constitution 2202:trade liberalization 2194:economically liberal 2179:international courts 2127:United States dollar 2125:Ecuador adopted the 2108:1996 Summer Olympics 2091:and his predecessor 2089:Rocío González Navas 2046:Marco Subia Martinez 1928:on 10 February 1995. 1496:Antonio Flores Jijón 1488:Pedro José de Arteta 1409:Guayaquil Conference 1298:Spanish colonization 1129:Santa Elena Province 1021:Non-Aligned Movement 793:United States dollar 589:• 2023 estimate 536:Current constitution 213:0.22000°S 78.51194°W 14128: / 14046:Constitutive Treaty 13586:Trinidad and Tobago 13441:Antigua and Barbuda 13141:Mercosur · Mercosul 13045:Antigua and Barbuda 12165:1922 general strike 12108:War of Independence 11892:Hurtado, O. (2010) 11878:Gerlach, A. (2003) 11871:Crowder, N. (2009) 10825:Library of Congress 10786:on 25 December 2010 10694:on 21 February 2012 10458:"Religious Beliefs" 10088:on 2 September 2021 10022:10.34667/tind.46596 9412:"Ecuador en Cifras" 9167:. 29 January 2020. 8977:2020NatCo..11.5978G 8947:Sociobosque Program 8435:on 20 December 2011 8417:on 10 October 2017. 8343:on 27 November 2011 8219:. 5 February 2012. 8012:. Oxford Academic. 7979:"Compulsory Voting" 7658:. 14 October 2019. 6600:(3730): 1731–1732. 6499:on 29 November 2014 6298:on 21 February 2019 6278:"¡Iniuri seamkur!, 6162:. 10 October 2023. 6123:. 10 October 2023. 5878:censoecuador.gob.ec 5543:from Riobamba; and 5432:Ecuadorian painters 5370:Jorge Enrique Adoum 5267:, elsewhere called 5144:Ceviche ecuatoriano 4937:Emergency Quota Act 4208:Jehovah's Witnesses 4160:Jehovah's Witnesses 4054:Religion in Ecuador 3755:Railways in Ecuador 3644:Baños de Agua Santa 3549:José Aurelio Dueñas 3317:Theory of Evolution 2893:Military of Ecuador 2722:Baños de Agua Santa 2531:Ecuador joined the 2363:was written by the 2324:Politics of Ecuador 2243:Outgoing President 2063:(brother in law of 2053:León Febres Cordero 2006:Guillermo Rodríguez 2004:was led by General 1778:Department of Cauca 1689:(1777) between the 1675:Treaty of Guayaquil 1433:Battle of Pichincha 1427:independence after 1342:Viceroyalty of Peru 1288:battle of Cajamarca 1185:last glacial period 1131:) displayed in the 1023:. According to the 904:Republic of Ecuador 440:Verónica Abad Rojas 218:-0.22000; -78.51194 209: / 39:Republic of Ecuador 13501:Dominican Republic 13346:Venezuelan bolívar 13336:Paraguayan guaraní 13162:Treaty of Asunción 12579:Indigenous peoples 12470:Telecommunications 12380:National Congress 11996:The World Factbook 11920:Sawyer, S. (2004) 11843:Becker, M. (2008) 11699:"Yapanga de Quito" 11639:3 May 2011 at the 11476:Elisabeth Hurtel. 11198:on 24 October 2018 11047:on 18 October 2013 10882:Mémoire des luttes 10857:on 26 October 2007 10748:The World Factbook 10668:on 6 December 2010 10172:on 1 February 2014 10166:"News And Updates" 10145:on 19 January 2012 9829:on 17 October 2014 9622:. 6 January 2022. 9227:The New York Times 9096:. 12 August 2020. 9066:. 12 August 2020. 9040:on 4 February 2013 8677:and the Galapagos. 8490:Todd, Ian (1974). 8411:Armada del Ecuador 8217:The New York Times 7924:. 9 January 2024. 7336:The New York Times 7197:The New York Times 6561:Walters Art Museum 6057:The World Factbook 5851:on 17 October 2015 5819:The World Factbook 5688:[ekwaˈðoɾ] 5616:Outline of Ecuador 5513: 5480:Estuardo Maldonado 5440:Oswaldo Guayasamín 5422: 5307:Jacinto Collahuazo 5303:Spanish Golden Age 5299: 5165:Ecuadorian cuisine 5146:(Ecuadorian-style 5041: 5020: 5007:Culture of Ecuador 4923:In the 1950s, the 4914:Anglo American plc 4337: 4270: 4231:National Socialism 4184: 4022:Ecuadorian Spanish 3828: 3824:Population pyramid 3757: 3749: 3601: 3590: 3577:Tourism in Ecuador 3521: 3466: 3441: 3406:developing economy 3402: 3392:Economy of Ecuador 3345: 3301: 3244:Climate of Ecuador 2981: 2970: 2958: 2906: 2726: 2709: 2688:Cantons of Ecuador 2646:Human Rights Watch 2619: 2529: 2421:Legislative branch 2398: 2334:Legislative Branch 2291:won the premature 2253: 2230:austerity measures 2222:series of protests 2097: 1951:Sixto Durán Ballén 1930: 1914: 1898:were inscribed as 1853: 1814: 1773: 1767:Map of the former 1734:Jaén de Bracamoros 1613:Angoteros incident 1524:Liberal Revolution 1492:Manuel de Ascásubi 1472:Vicente Rocafuerte 1420: 1401: 1316: 1243:Topa Inca Yupanqui 1222:(near present-day 1214:on the coast, the 1212:Machalilla Culture 1173: 1153: 1149:Walters Art Museum 1137: 1106:History of Ecuador 1072:Ecuador Department 1001:developing country 943:indigenous peoples 691:2024 estimate 639:2024 estimate 523:Liberal Revolution 267:Ethnic groups 14111: 14110: 14105: 14104: 14061:Bank of the South 14056:Secretary General 14041:Cusco Declaration 13973: 13972: 13923:Suspended members 13842: 13841: 13761:Equatorial Guinea 13710: 13709: 13609: 13608: 13387: 13386: 13272: 13271: 13232:Associated states 13107: 13106: 12995: 12994: 12934:Associate members 12862: 12861: 12820: 12819: 12662: 12661: 12622: 12621: 12498: 12497: 12443:Coffee production 12413: 12412: 12388:Political parties 12375:National Assembly 12365:Foreign relations 12337: 12336: 12160:Concha Revolution 11906:Pineo, R. (2007) 11651:Robertson, W.S., 11366:. 25 April 2016. 10981:978-1-60960-772-2 10635:on 5 October 2010 10549:"Jews in Ecuador" 10387:. November 2014. 10031:978-92-805-3432-0 9975:. 16 April 2007. 8864:on 23 March 2006. 8257:. Freedom House. 8136:. 11 March 2020. 8114:on 28 August 2018 7688:. 12 April 2021. 7463:, co-director of 7227:Los Angeles Times 6221:. 13 March 2024. 6060:(2024 ed.). 5744:Ikwayur Ripuwlika 5550:Copa Libertadores 5515:The most popular 5351:Victoria de Junin 4995:La Decada Perdida 4976:Venezuelan crisis 4831: 4830: 4260:Health in Ecuador 4135: 4134: 3976: 3975: 3964:Other Indigenous 3852:live in Ecuador. 3811:Ecuadorian people 3786:in Quito and the 3705:Bahía de Caráquez 3676:Snowy mountains: 3620:Galápagos Islands 3342:Galápagos Islands 3192:Galápagos Islands 3188:La Región Insular 3140:provinces – 2985:Galápagos Islands 2948:Rivers of Ecuador 2544:Antarctica Treaty 2471:political parties 2433:National Assembly 2135:country's economy 2015:Richelieu Levoyer 1943:Paquisha Incident 1896:Galápagos Islands 1695:Portuguese Empire 1652: 1651: 1480:José María Urbina 1461:Galapagos Islands 1310:, capital of the 1044:Galápagos Islands 924:Galápagos Islands 902:, officially the 897: 896: 752:medium inequality 716:• Per capita 664:• Per capita 541:28 September 2008 454:National Assembly 165: 14208: 14161:Andean Community 14143: 14142: 14140: 14139: 14138: 14133: 14132:2.000°S 77.500°W 14129: 14126: 14125: 14124: 14121: 14097:Andean Community 13889: 13888: 13869: 13862: 13855: 13846: 13845: 13737: 13730: 13723: 13714: 13713: 13621:General Assembly 13434: 13433: 13414: 13407: 13400: 13391: 13390: 13187: 13186: 13134: 13127: 13120: 13111: 13110: 13102: 13022: 13015: 13008: 12999: 12998: 12889: 12882: 12875: 12866: 12865: 12843:Falkland Islands 12828: 12724: 12723: 12702: 12695: 12688: 12679: 12678: 12666: 12665: 12642: 12635: 12509: 12508: 12453:Economic history 12424: 12423: 12383: 12348: 12347: 12267: 12266: 12255: 12231:2000 coup d'état 12133:March Revolution 12071: 12064: 12057: 12048: 12047: 12035: 12034: 12025: 12024: 11982: 11945:, Insight Guides 11823: 11822: 11794: 11788: 11787: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11750: 11744: 11743: 11728: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11717: 11704:Museo de América 11694: 11688: 11675: 11669: 11662: 11656: 11649: 11643: 11625: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11567: 11543: 11537: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11436: 11417: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11406: 11386: 11380: 11379: 11377: 11375: 11356: 11350: 11349: 11347: 11345: 11326: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11315: 11305: 11285: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11259: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11248: 11228: 11222: 11221: 11215: 11207: 11205: 11203: 11194:. Archived from 11188: 11182: 11181: 11179: 11177: 11162: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11119: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11089: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11078: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11020: 11014:. Archived from 11013: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10965: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10954: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10909: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10893: 10873: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10853:. Archived from 10843: 10837: 10836: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10775: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10710: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10684: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10673: 10658: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10640: 10625: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10611: 10606:on 17 March 2012 10596: 10590: 10587: 10581: 10580:. Congreso Judío 10575: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10515: 10509: 10506: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10454: 10448: 10436: 10432: 10426: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10403: 10401: 10399: 10393: 10386: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10332:. Archived from 10326: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10295: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10274: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10240: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10220:. Archived from 10214: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10188: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10168:. Archived from 10164:David Grijalva. 10161: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10115:. Archived from 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10082:INSEAD Knowledge 10074: 10068: 10067: 10061: 10057: 10055: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10007: 10001: 9995: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9965: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9909: 9903: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9864: 9858: 9845: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9825:. Archived from 9818: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9792: 9786: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9731:on 24 March 2017 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9697:. Archived from 9691: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9661: 9655: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9612: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9581: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9544: 9535:. Archived from 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9503: 9497: 9483: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9454: 9448: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9408: 9402: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9362: 9356: 9343: 9337: 9324: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9298: 9292: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9249: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9238: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9187: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9157: 9151: 9150: 9140: 9116: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9056: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9036:. Archived from 9023: 9017: 9016: 9006: 8988: 8955: 8949: 8943: 8937: 8924: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8898: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8856: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8820: 8805: 8799: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8716: 8714: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8673: 8671: 8665: 8658: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8635: 8633: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8601: 8599: 8593: 8586: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8562: 8560: 8554: 8547: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8517: 8515: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8474: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8451: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8413:. Archived from 8403: 8397: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8180: 8165: 8164: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8145: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8088:on 29 March 2018 8087: 8081:. Archived from 8080: 8072: 8066: 8052: 8046: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7981:. Archived from 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7875: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7648: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7546:. 18 June 2019. 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7484: 7478: 7475: 7469: 7438: 7432: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7326: 7320: 7319:, 27 April 2009. 7309: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7249: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7074:Films For Action 7066: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7046:. Archived from 7040: 7031: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7001:on 22 June 2012. 6991: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6949:on 8 August 2018 6935: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6903: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6787: 6777: 6768:(Suppl 7): 413. 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6646:. October 2004. 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6530: 6528: 6526: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6495:. Archived from 6489: 6483: 6481: 6475: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6432: 6425: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6322: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6297: 6291:. Archived from 6286: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6254:. 27 June 2011. 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6227: 6216: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6148: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6035: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5886: 5875: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5847:. Archived from 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5811: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5774: 5754: 5725: 5719: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5690: 5685: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5632: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5589: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5545:Deportivo Cuenca 5523:from Guayaquil, 5517:sport in Ecuador 5500:Sport in Ecuador 5472:Judith Gutiérrez 5450:, Jaime Zapata, 5378:Benjamín Carrión 5137: 5128: 5077:Music of Ecuador 4517: 4507: 4464: 4454: 4402: 4390: 4389: 4286:Consulta Externa 4279:medical missions 4192:Islam in Ecuador 4171:folk Catholicism 4060: 4059: 4042:Amazonic Spanish 3903: 3902: 3875:Afro-Ecuadorians 3858:Islam in Ecuador 3364:. Additionally, 3328:rights of nature 3258:tropical climate 3212:Mount Chimborazo 3162:Zamora-Chinchipe 3132:, also known as 2993:transcontinental 2863:Zamora Chinchipe 2653:freedom of press 2479:Electoral Branch 2457:Electoral branch 2402:executive branch 2379:Executive branch 2342:Electoral Branch 2330:Executive Branch 2166:new constitution 2154:election of 2006 2131:Ecuadorian sucre 2118:won gold in the 1861:province of Loja 1782:Juan José Flores 1776:separation, the 1754:Battle of Tarqui 1683:Battle of Tarqui 1657:Juan José Flores 1593: 1591: 1581: 1574: 1567: 1558: 1557: 1468:Juan José Flores 1376:national holiday 1208:Valdivia Culture 1125:Valdivia culture 1091: 1090: 1086: 1069: 1048:rights of nature 812: 811:−5 / −6 779: 778: 772: 771: 765: 754: 753: 747: 746: 740: 724: 723: 705: 704: 688: 672: 671: 653: 652: 636: 603:16,938,986 ( 515:16 February 1840 501: 472:• Declared 251: 224: 223: 221: 220: 219: 214: 210: 207: 206: 205: 202: 178: 167: 166: 152: 147: 143: 140:Salve, Oh Patria 112: 104: 81: 67: 49: 46: 35: 34: 14216: 14215: 14211: 14210: 14209: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14146: 14145: 14137:-2.000; -77.500 14136: 14134: 14130: 14127: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14107: 14106: 14101: 14080: 14029: 13969: 13918: 13878: 13873: 13843: 13838: 13815: 13747: 13741: 13711: 13706: 13665: 13605: 13423: 13418: 13388: 13383: 13371: 13350: 13314: 13293: 13268: 13227: 13176: 13150: 13143: 13138: 13108: 13103: 13094: 13031: 13026: 12996: 12991: 12970: 12929: 12898: 12893: 12863: 12858: 12829: 12816: 12793: 12718: 12711: 12706: 12671: 12663: 12658: 12645: 12638: 12631: 12618: 12599:Public holidays 12550: 12494: 12409: 12381: 12333: 12256: 12247: 12084: 12075: 12032: 12022: 12013:Ecuador profile 11980: 11974: 11969: 11952:, Lonely Planet 11948:Various (2009) 11941:Various (2010) 11896:, Madison Books 11832: 11830:Further reading 11827: 11826: 11795: 11791: 11774: 11773: 11769: 11752: 11751: 11747: 11730: 11729: 11725: 11715: 11713: 11695: 11691: 11686:Wayback Machine 11679:Brief biography 11676: 11672: 11663: 11659: 11650: 11646: 11641:Wayback Machine 11626: 11619: 11609: 11607: 11594: 11593: 11589: 11544: 11540: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11506:. August 2021. 11502: 11501: 11497: 11487: 11485: 11474: 11470: 11460: 11458: 11449: 11448: 11444: 11434: 11432: 11427:. 4 July 2012. 11425:Chicago Tribune 11419: 11418: 11414: 11404: 11402: 11387: 11383: 11373: 11371: 11358: 11357: 11353: 11343: 11341: 11328: 11327: 11323: 11313: 11311: 11286: 11282: 11272: 11270: 11261: 11260: 11256: 11246: 11244: 11229: 11225: 11209: 11208: 11201: 11199: 11192:"Archived copy" 11190: 11189: 11185: 11175: 11173: 11164: 11163: 11159: 11149: 11147: 11120: 11116: 11106: 11104: 11091: 11090: 11086: 11076: 11074: 11065: 11064: 11060: 11050: 11048: 11039: 11038: 11034: 11024: 11022: 11021:on 20 July 2020 11018: 11011: 11005: 11001: 10991: 10989: 10982: 10966: 10962: 10952: 10950: 10937: 10936: 10932: 10911: 10910: 10901: 10891: 10889: 10874: 10870: 10860: 10858: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10805: 10803: 10799: 10789: 10787: 10776: 10767: 10757: 10755: 10754:on 16 June 2019 10742: 10741: 10737: 10727: 10725: 10712: 10711: 10707: 10697: 10695: 10686: 10685: 10681: 10671: 10669: 10660: 10659: 10648: 10638: 10636: 10627: 10626: 10619: 10609: 10607: 10598: 10597: 10593: 10588: 10584: 10576: 10572: 10562: 10560: 10547: 10546: 10542: 10532: 10530: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10507: 10503: 10493: 10491: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10456: 10455: 10451: 10445:Wayback Machine 10434: 10433: 10429: 10423:Wayback Machine 10412: 10411: 10407: 10397: 10395: 10391: 10384: 10380: 10379: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10354: 10353: 10349: 10339: 10337: 10336:on 9 April 2021 10328: 10327: 10323: 10313: 10311: 10296: 10292: 10282: 10280: 10272: 10268: 10267: 10263: 10253: 10251: 10242: 10241: 10237: 10227: 10225: 10224:on 17 June 2013 10216: 10215: 10211: 10201: 10199: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10173: 10162: 10158: 10148: 10146: 10137: 10136: 10132: 10122: 10120: 10105: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10076: 10075: 10071: 10059: 10058: 10049: 10048: 10041: 10039: 10032: 10008: 10004: 9996: 9992: 9982: 9980: 9967: 9966: 9962: 9952: 9950: 9941: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9911: 9910: 9906: 9900:Wayback Machine 9891: 9887: 9877: 9875: 9866: 9865: 9861: 9855:Wayback Machine 9846: 9842: 9832: 9830: 9819: 9815: 9805: 9803: 9794: 9793: 9789: 9783:Wayback Machine 9774: 9770: 9760: 9758: 9749: 9748: 9744: 9734: 9732: 9719: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9678: 9676: 9663: 9662: 9658: 9652:Wayback Machine 9643: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9599: 9597: 9582: 9578: 9568: 9566: 9557: 9556: 9552: 9542: 9540: 9531: 9530: 9526: 9516: 9514: 9505: 9504: 9500: 9494:Wayback Machine 9484: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9456: 9455: 9451: 9445:Wayback Machine 9435: 9431: 9421: 9419: 9410: 9409: 9405: 9399:Wayback Machine 9389: 9385: 9375: 9373: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9353:Wayback Machine 9344: 9340: 9334:Wayback Machine 9325: 9321: 9311: 9309: 9300: 9299: 9295: 9289:Wayback Machine 9280: 9276: 9266: 9264: 9251: 9250: 9246: 9236: 9234: 9219: 9215: 9205: 9203: 9188: 9184: 9174: 9172: 9159: 9158: 9154: 9117: 9113: 9103: 9101: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9058: 9057: 9053: 9043: 9041: 9024: 9020: 8956: 8952: 8944: 8940: 8935:Wayback Machine 8928:Protected Areas 8925: 8921: 8911: 8909: 8900: 8899: 8895: 8885: 8883: 8874: 8873: 8869: 8861: 8854: 8850: 8849: 8845: 8837: 8828: 8818: 8816: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8797: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8773: 8769: 8755: 8753: 8746: 8730: 8726: 8712: 8710: 8703: 8687: 8683: 8669: 8667: 8663: 8656: 8648: 8644: 8631: 8629: 8615: 8611: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8558: 8556: 8552: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8513: 8511: 8504: 8488: 8484: 8468: 8467: 8460: 8458: 8453: 8452: 8448: 8438: 8436: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8405: 8404: 8400: 8395:Wayback Machine 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8279: 8278: 8274: 8264: 8262: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8240: 8236: 8226: 8224: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8196: 8194: 8182: 8181: 8168: 8157: 8153: 8143: 8141: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8063:Wayback Machine 8053: 8049: 8043:Wayback Machine 8033: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8002: 7998: 7988: 7986: 7985:on 12 June 2009 7977: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7920: 7919: 7915: 7905: 7903: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7869: 7868: 7861: 7859: 7844: 7840: 7830: 7828: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7807:Washington Post 7801: 7800: 7796: 7786: 7784: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7756: 7754: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7710: 7709: 7705: 7695: 7693: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7665: 7663: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7633: 7623: 7619: 7609: 7607: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7579: 7577: 7568: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7516: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7499: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7448:Wayback Machine 7439: 7435: 7425:Wayback Machine 7416: 7412: 7402: 7400: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7369:. May 7, 2011. 7361: 7360: 7356: 7346: 7344: 7327: 7323: 7310: 7306: 7296: 7294: 7281: 7280: 7276: 7266: 7264: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7234: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7097: 7093: 7083: 7081: 7068: 7067: 7063: 7053: 7051: 7042: 7041: 7034: 7025: 7021: 7010: 7006: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6978: 6976: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6952: 6950: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6922: 6920: 6919:on 19 July 2011 6916: 6901: 6895: 6891: 6880: 6876: 6865: 6861: 6850: 6846: 6835: 6831: 6820: 6816: 6805: 6801: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6532: 6531: 6524: 6522: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6469: 6468: 6461: 6459: 6454: 6453: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6349:. Wea Nekaptai. 6343: 6339: 6331: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6284: 6276: 6275: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6150: 6149: 6140: 6130: 6128: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6064: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6029: 6028: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5813: 5812: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5776: 5775: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5726: 5722: 5692: 5691: 5683: 5676: 5666: 5665: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5585: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5567:FIFA World Cups 5533:Deportivo Quito 5502: 5496: 5468:Araceli Gilbert 5456:Aníbal Villacís 5436:Eduardo Kingman 5427:Escuela Quiteña 5402: 5376:; the essayist 5335:Juan de Velasco 5289: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5130: 5129: 5118: 5112: 5079: 5073: 5068: 5060:Main articles: 5058: 5009: 5003: 4918:Alberto Spencer 4874:Roman Catholics 4867:Migration from 4843: 4837: 4832: 4518: 4512: 4508: 4465: 4459: 4455: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4356: 4350: 4326: 4320: 4262: 4256: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4115: 4100: 4085: 4056: 4050: 3978: 3977: 3969: 3956: 3943: 3928: 3899: 3893: 3846:Ecuadorian Jews 3817: 3807: 3801: 3763: 3733: 3579: 3573: 3507: 3394: 3388: 3350:protected areas 3277: 3246: 3240: 3204:Guayas Province 3142:Morona Santiago 2950: 2944: 2938: 2895: 2889: 2845:Morona Santiago 2714: 2690: 2682:Main articles: 2680: 2608: 2602: 2513: 2507: 2505:Foreign affairs 2491: 2475:electoral court 2459: 2446: 2444:Judicial branch 2429: 2423: 2387: 2381: 2338:Judicial Branch 2326: 2320: 2261:Guillermo Lasso 2245:Guillermo Lasso 2198:public spending 2162:2008 referendum 2149:took his place 2147:Alfredo Palacio 2143:Lucio Gutiérrez 2116:Jefferson Pérez 2029: 2023: 1994: 1971:Book of Genesis 1965:by his brother 1806: 1707: 1653: 1648: 1642: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1555: 1549: 1532: 1526: 1518:Afro-Ecuadorian 1390: 1384: 1300: 1193:Central America 1171:), the main god 1145:Manabí Province 1117: 1112: 1104:Main articles: 1102: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1056: 999:republic and a 971:Native American 959:sovereign state 893: 807: 776: 775: 774: 763: 751: 750: 749: 738: 717: 698: 686: 665: 646: 630: 614: 600: 590: 573: 559: 538: 525: 512: 502: 496: 486: 473: 436: 421: 379: 367: 332: 324: 271: 249: 217: 215: 211: 208: 203: 200: 198: 196: 195: 194: 183: 182: 169: 168: 157: 148: 145: 128: 106: 89: 88: 87: 82: 74: 73: 68: 55: 47: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14214: 14204: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14109: 14108: 14103: 14102: 14100: 14099: 14094: 14088: 14086: 14082: 14081: 14079: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14037: 14035: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 14000:2009 Argentina 13997: 13992: 13987: 13981: 13979: 13975: 13974: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13926: 13924: 13920: 13919: 13917: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13895: 13893: 13886: 13880: 13879: 13872: 13871: 13864: 13857: 13849: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13752: 13749: 13748: 13740: 13739: 13732: 13725: 13717: 13708: 13707: 13705: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13673: 13671: 13667: 13666: 13664: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13617: 13615: 13611: 13610: 13607: 13606: 13604: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13437: 13431: 13425: 13424: 13417: 13416: 13409: 13402: 13394: 13385: 13384: 13381:European Union 13379: 13377: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13369: 13364: 13358: 13356: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13348: 13343: 13341:Uruguayan peso 13338: 13333: 13331:Brazilian real 13328: 13326:Argentine peso 13322: 13320: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13312: 13307: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13294: 13292: 13291: 13286: 13280: 13278: 13274: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13235: 13233: 13229: 13228: 13226: 13225: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13193: 13191: 13184: 13178: 13177: 13175: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13158: 13156: 13152: 13151: 13148: 13145: 13144: 13137: 13136: 13129: 13122: 13114: 13105: 13104: 13097: 13095: 13093: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13041: 13039: 13033: 13032: 13025: 13024: 13017: 13010: 13002: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12989: 12984: 12978: 12976: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12937: 12935: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12906: 12904: 12900: 12899: 12892: 12891: 12884: 12877: 12869: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12856: 12855: 12854: 12839: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12814: 12813: 12812: 12801: 12799: 12795: 12794: 12792: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12730: 12728: 12721: 12713: 12712: 12705: 12704: 12697: 12690: 12682: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12656: 12651: 12644: 12643: 12636: 12628: 12627: 12624: 12623: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12594:Notable people 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12560: 12558: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12512: 12506: 12500: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12461: 12460: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12439: 12438: 12427: 12421: 12415: 12414: 12411: 12410: 12408: 12407: 12405:Vice President 12402: 12401: 12400: 12390: 12385: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12351: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12314:National parks 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12270: 12264: 12258: 12257: 12250: 12248: 12246: 12245: 12244: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12213: 12212: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12199:El Carnavalazo 12196: 12186: 12181: 12180: 12179: 12169: 12168: 12167: 12162: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12141: 12140: 12135: 12125: 12120: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12094: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12074: 12073: 12066: 12059: 12051: 12045: 12044: 12029: 12019: 12010: 12004: 11988: 11983: 11973: 11972:External links 11970: 11968: 11967: 11960: 11953: 11946: 11939: 11932: 11925: 11918: 11911: 11904: 11897: 11890: 11883: 11876: 11869: 11862: 11855: 11848: 11841: 11840:, Rough Guides 11833: 11831: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11789: 11767: 11758:Diario Expreso 11745: 11723: 11689: 11670: 11657: 11644: 11617: 11587: 11538: 11521: 11495: 11468: 11442: 11412: 11381: 11351: 11321: 11280: 11254: 11223: 11183: 11157: 11134:(1): 201–227. 11114: 11084: 11058: 11032: 10999: 10980: 10974:. IGI Global. 10960: 10930: 10927:on 3 May 2010. 10899: 10868: 10838: 10797: 10765: 10735: 10705: 10679: 10646: 10617: 10591: 10582: 10570: 10540: 10510: 10501: 10475: 10449: 10427: 10405: 10373: 10347: 10321: 10290: 10261: 10235: 10209: 10183: 10156: 10130: 10119:on 10 May 2011 10099: 10069: 10060:|website= 10030: 10002: 9990: 9960: 9934: 9904: 9885: 9859: 9840: 9813: 9787: 9768: 9742: 9727:Archived from 9712: 9686: 9656: 9637: 9607: 9576: 9559:"Oil Reserves" 9550: 9524: 9498: 9475: 9449: 9429: 9403: 9383: 9357: 9338: 9319: 9293: 9274: 9244: 9213: 9182: 9152: 9111: 9081: 9051: 9018: 8950: 8938: 8919: 8893: 8867: 8843: 8826: 8800: 8791: 8782: 8767: 8744: 8724: 8701: 8681: 8642: 8609: 8570: 8532: 8502: 8482: 8446: 8420: 8398: 8380: 8354: 8328: 8302: 8272: 8246: 8234: 8204: 8166: 8151: 8125: 8099: 8067: 8047: 8027: 7996: 7970: 7939: 7913: 7883: 7838: 7812: 7794: 7764: 7733: 7703: 7673: 7643: 7617: 7587: 7561: 7535: 7509: 7479: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7433: 7410: 7399:on 12 May 2013 7384: 7354: 7321: 7304: 7274: 7244: 7214: 7183: 7153: 7122: 7091: 7061: 7032: 7019: 7004: 6986: 6960: 6930: 6889: 6882:Favre, Henri. 6874: 6859: 6844: 6829: 6814: 6799: 6746: 6716: 6661: 6631: 6580: 6547: 6510: 6484: 6444: 6412: 6378: 6352: 6337: 6309: 6269: 6239: 6203: 6188:. World Bank. 6177: 6138: 6104: 6074: 6043: 6007: 5977: 5951: 5924: 5898: 5862: 5836: 5795: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5720: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5590: 5587:Ecuador portal 5574: 5571: 5529:Barcelona S.C. 5498:Main article: 5495: 5492: 5460:Theo Constanté 5452:Enrique Tábara 5401: 5398: 5382:Emanuel Xavier 5359:Juan Leon Mera 5339:Eugenio Espejo 5288: 5285: 5183:fried plantain 5142: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5111: 5108: 5075:Main article: 5072: 5069: 5057: 5054: 5005:Main article: 5002: 4999: 4951:Latin American 4907:. The town of 4836: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4501: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4388: 4386:) and Ambato. 4349: 4348:Largest cities 4346: 4322:Main article: 4319: 4316: 4258:Main article: 4255: 4252: 4143:and 0.11% are 4133: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4052:Main article: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4037:Andean Spanish 4034: 3998:Achuar-Shiwiar 3974: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3895:Main article: 3892: 3889: 3803:Main article: 3800: 3797: 3759:Main article: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3697: 3674: 3647: 3575:Main article: 3572: 3569: 3537:Eugenio Espejo 3518:NEE-01 Pegasus 3506: 3503: 3435:is the common 3404:Ecuador has a 3390:Main article: 3387: 3384: 3371:Texaco-Chevron 3276: 3273: 3242:Main article: 3239: 3236: 3196: 3195: 3185: 3127: 3069: 2940:Main article: 2937: 2934: 2891:Main article: 2888: 2885: 2870: 2869: 2851: 2833: 2807: 2793: 2771: 2753: 2713: 2710: 2679: 2676: 2672:United Nations 2601: 2598: 2527:, 20 July 2019 2509:Main article: 2506: 2503: 2490: 2487: 2458: 2455: 2445: 2442: 2425:Main article: 2422: 2419: 2383:Main article: 2380: 2377: 2322:Main article: 2319: 2316: 2297:Luisa González 2095:, 3 April 2017 2061:Abdalá Bucaram 2022: 2019: 2011:Alfredo Poveda 1993: 1990: 1805: 1802: 1747:José de La Mar 1706: 1703: 1691:Spanish Empire 1650: 1649: 1641: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1569: 1561: 1551:Main article: 1548: 1545: 1528:Main article: 1525: 1522: 1386:Main article: 1383: 1380: 1371:Luz de América 1344:and later the 1338:real audiencia 1299: 1296: 1116: 1113: 1101: 1098: 1055: 1052: 1005:United Nations 914:on the north, 910:, bordered by 895: 894: 892: 891: 880: 877: 876: 871: 865: 864: 859: 853: 852: 847: 841: 840: 837: 831: 830: 827: 823: 822: 805: 801: 800: 790: 786: 785: 766: 756: 755: 741: 731: 730: 718: 715: 712: 711: 699: 696: 693: 692: 689: 679: 678: 673:$ 14,485 ( 666: 663: 660: 659: 647: 644: 641: 640: 637: 623: 622: 615: 613:• Density 612: 609: 608: 601: 598: 595: 594: 591: 588: 585: 584: 578: 577: 574: 571: 568: 567: 560: 557: 554: 553: 547: 546: 543: 542: 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 520: 517: 516: 513: 510: 507: 506: 503: 494: 491: 490: 487: 481: 478: 477: 476:10 August 1809 474: 471: 468: 467: 464: 463: 457: 456: 451: 447: 446: 443: 442: 437: 434:Vice President 431: 428: 427: 422: 416: 413: 412: 409: 408: 399: 393: 392: 387: 381: 380: 378: 377: 374: 368: 366: 365: 364: 363: 357: 351: 338: 335: 333: 330: 326: 325: 323: 322: 319: 313: 307: 301: 290: 274: 272: 269: 263: 262: 252: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 189: 185: 184: 180: 179: 171: 170: 155: 154: 130: 129: 127: 126: 123: 113: 97: 91: 90: 83: 76: 75: 69: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14213: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14151: 14144: 14141: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14089: 14087: 14083: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14032: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13976: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13927: 13925: 13921: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13896: 13894: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13881: 13877: 13870: 13865: 13863: 13858: 13856: 13851: 13850: 13847: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13818: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13753: 13750: 13745: 13738: 13733: 13731: 13726: 13724: 13719: 13718: 13715: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13674: 13672: 13668: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13612: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13591:United States 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13426: 13422: 13415: 13410: 13408: 13403: 13401: 13396: 13395: 13392: 13382: 13378: 13374: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13353: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13323: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13275: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13234: 13230: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13194: 13192: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13179: 13173: 13172:Visa policies 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13159: 13157: 13153: 13146: 13142: 13135: 13130: 13128: 13123: 13121: 13116: 13115: 13112: 13101: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13037:Member states 13034: 13030: 13023: 13018: 13016: 13011: 13009: 13004: 13003: 13000: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12977: 12973: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12938: 12936: 12932: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12907: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12890: 12885: 12883: 12878: 12876: 12871: 12870: 12867: 12853: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12836: 12832: 12827: 12811: 12810:French Guiana 12808: 12807: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12800: 12796: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12714: 12710: 12703: 12698: 12696: 12691: 12689: 12684: 12683: 12680: 12674: 12667: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12646: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12625: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12553: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12513: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12501: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12437: 12434: 12433: 12432: 12429: 12428: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12416: 12406: 12403: 12399: 12396: 12395: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12352: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12340: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12254: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12218: 12217: 12214: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12191: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12178: 12175: 12174: 12173: 12170: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12130: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12118: 12117:reunification 12114: 12113:Gran Colombia 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12091: 12087: 12083: 12079: 12072: 12067: 12065: 12060: 12058: 12053: 12052: 12049: 12043: 12042:OpenStreetMap 12039: 12030: 12028: 12020: 12018: 12014: 12011: 12008: 12005: 12002: 11998: 11997: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11965: 11961: 11958: 11954: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11926: 11923: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11905: 11902: 11898: 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10987: 10983: 10977: 10973: 10972: 10964: 10948: 10944: 10940: 10934: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10887: 10884:(in French). 10883: 10879: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10842: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10812: 10811:public domain 10801: 10785: 10781: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10739: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10709: 10693: 10689: 10683: 10667: 10663: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10634: 10630: 10624: 10622: 10605: 10601: 10595: 10586: 10579: 10574: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10544: 10528: 10524: 10520: 10514: 10505: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10463: 10459: 10453: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10431: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10409: 10390: 10383: 10377: 10361: 10357: 10351: 10335: 10331: 10325: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10294: 10278: 10271: 10265: 10249: 10245: 10239: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10197: 10193: 10187: 10171: 10167: 10160: 10144: 10140: 10134: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10103: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10065: 10053: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10014: 10010:WIPO (2022). 10006: 9999: 9994: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9964: 9948: 9944: 9938: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9908: 9901: 9897: 9894: 9889: 9873: 9869: 9863: 9856: 9852: 9849: 9844: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9772: 9756: 9752: 9746: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9716: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9653: 9649: 9646: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9620:Bloomberg.com 9617: 9611: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9580: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9538: 9534: 9528: 9512: 9508: 9502: 9495: 9491: 9488: 9482: 9480: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9433: 9417: 9413: 9407: 9400: 9396: 9393: 9387: 9371: 9367: 9361: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9342: 9335: 9331: 9328: 9323: 9307: 9303: 9297: 9290: 9286: 9283: 9278: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9248: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9217: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9186: 9170: 9166: 9165:The Intercept 9162: 9156: 9148: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9131:(3): 205–11. 9130: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9085: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9039: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8954: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8932: 8929: 8923: 8907: 8903: 8897: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8860: 8853: 8847: 8840: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8814: 8810: 8804: 8795: 8786: 8779:. p. 53. 8778: 8771: 8764: 8751: 8747: 8745:9780824815585 8741: 8737: 8736: 8728: 8721: 8720:commonwealth. 8708: 8704: 8702:9780837189048 8698: 8694: 8693: 8685: 8678: 8662: 8655: 8654: 8646: 8639: 8627: 8623: 8622: 8613: 8606: 8590: 8583: 8582: 8574: 8567: 8551: 8544: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8509: 8505: 8503:9780207127618 8499: 8495: 8494: 8486: 8478: 8472: 8456: 8450: 8434: 8430: 8424: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8392: 8389: 8384: 8369:on 6 May 2009 8368: 8364: 8358: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8276: 8260: 8256: 8250: 8243: 8238: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8208: 8192: 8188: 8187: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8162: 8155: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8113: 8109: 8103: 8084: 8077: 8071: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8051: 8044: 8040: 8037: 8031: 8015: 8011: 8007: 8000: 7984: 7980: 7974: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7943: 7927: 7923: 7917: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7887: 7879: 7873: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7808: 7804: 7798: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7737: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7707: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7632: 7628: 7621: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7591: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7483: 7474: 7466: 7462: 7461:Mark Weisbrot 7458: 7457: 7455: 7454: 7453:The Real News 7449: 7445: 7442: 7437: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7414: 7398: 7394: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7342: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7325: 7318: 7317:The Real News 7315: 7314: 7308: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7157: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7065: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7029: 7023: 7015: 7008: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6974: 6970: 6964: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6885: 6878: 6870: 6863: 6855: 6848: 6840: 6833: 6825: 6818: 6810: 6803: 6795: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6734: 6730: 6729:www.quito.com 6726: 6720: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6584: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6542: 6536: 6520: 6514: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6479: 6473: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6429: 6422: 6416: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6348: 6341: 6330: 6326: 6319: 6313: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6281: 6273: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6243: 6224: 6220: 6213: 6207: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6039: 6033: 6017: 6011: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5866: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5771: 5766: 5753: 5752:Ekuatur Nunka 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5695: 5689: 5681: 5680: 5669: 5662: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5591: 5588: 5577: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5525:Liga De Quito 5522: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5464:Luis Molinari 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5448:Manuel Rendon 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5419: 5415: 5414:Vicente Albán 5411: 5406: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5355:Juan Montalvo 5352: 5348: 5347:Simón Bolívar 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5323: 5320: 5317:. The use of 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5296:Juan Montalvo 5293: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5243:pão de queijo 5240: 5236: 5234: 5233:passion fruit 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5169: 5166: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5136: 5127: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5078: 5067: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5017: 5013: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4983:United States 4979: 4977: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4933:United States 4930: 4926: 4921: 4919: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4722: 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4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4151:, 11.30% are 4150: 4146: 4142: 4125: 4121: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4055: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994:Shuar Chicham 3991: 3987: 3983: 3966: 3962: 3953: 3949: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3859: 3853: 3851: 3850:Romani people 3847: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3753: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3515: 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2186: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2170:national debt 2167: 2163: 2159: 2158:Rafael Correa 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2094: 2093:Rafael Correa 2090: 2087:, first lady 2086: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1955:nationalistic 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1822: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1770: 1769:Gran Colombia 1765: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1723:Gran Colombia 1720: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1647: 1646: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 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Retrieved 6186:"Gini Index" 6180: 6168:. Retrieved 6155: 6129:. Retrieved 6116: 6107: 6095:. Retrieved 6086: 6077: 6065:. Retrieved 6055: 6046: 6020:. Retrieved 6010: 5998:. Retrieved 5989: 5980: 5968:. Retrieved 5954: 5942:. Retrieved 5927: 5915:. Retrieved 5901: 5889:. Retrieved 5877: 5865: 5855:13 September 5853:. Retrieved 5849:the original 5839: 5827:. Retrieved 5818: 5786:. Retrieved 5751: 5743: 5723: 5716: 5712: 5704: 5630: 5548: 5539:from Quito; 5527:from Quito; 5514: 5511:of Guayaquil 5484:Teddy Cobeña 5425: 5423: 5393: 5367: 5362: 5350: 5324: 5300: 5264: 5262: 5249: 5247: 5237: 5195: 5172: 5170: 5163: 5151: 5143: 5080: 5046:Amazon basin 5042: 5023: 5021: 4980: 4948: 4941: 4922: 4878: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4844: 4357: 4342: 4338: 4312: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4285: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4212: 4185: 4164: 4158:, 1.29% are 4138: 4026: 4018: 4002:Cha'palaachi 3979: 3882: 3872: 3862: 3854: 3842: 3831: 3829: 3799:Demographics 3781: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3764: 3613: 3606: 3602: 3564: 3560: 3557:Checkprogram 3556: 3553: 3522: 3471: 3467: 3451: 3442: 3418: 3415: 3403: 3380: 3359: 3346: 3325: 3309: 3302: 3275:Biodiversity 3269: 3266: 3247: 3197: 3187: 3133: 3129: 3071: 3021: 3016: 2997: 2982: 2930: 2926: 2907: 2871: 2727: 2691: 2665: 2661: 2650: 2643: 2628: 2620: 2600:Human rights 2590:constitution 2583: 2578: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2541: 2530: 2521:Lenín Moreno 2492: 2478: 2477:, forms the 2460: 2447: 2430: 2399: 2369: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2308:Los Choneros 2301: 2289:Daniel Noboa 2286: 2278: 2265:Andrés Aráuz 2254: 2249:Daniel Noboa 2219: 2190:Lenín Moreno 2187: 2151: 2139: 2124: 2105: 2098: 2085:Lenín Moreno 2065:Jaime Roldos 2050: 2041: 2037: 2030: 1995: 1985: 1982:Rio Protocol 1975: 1958: 1937: 1934:Rio Protocol 1931: 1926:Sukhoi Su-22 1922:Mirage F.1JA 1889: 1881: 1877:World War II 1869:Rio Protocol 1854: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1823: 1817: 1815: 1798: 1794:Buenaventura 1774: 1751: 1743: 1727: 1708: 1699: 1668: 1665:real cedulas 1664: 1654: 1643: 1533: 1520:population. 1508: 1465: 1421: 1382:Independence 1369: 1363: 1361: 1350: 1327: 1317: 1272: 1259: 1247:Huayna Capac 1236: 1228: 1205: 1197: 1174: 1115:Pre-Inca era 1063: 1057: 1033: 997:presidential 991: 940: 903: 899: 898: 869:Internet TLD 845:Calling code 817: / 697:• Total 645:• Total 558:• Total 482:• from 461:Independence 425:Daniel Noboa 343:Christianity 229:Largest city 133: 115: 95:Motto: 94: 85:Coat of arms 48: 32: 14135: / 13571:Saint Lucia 13511:El Salvador 13362:Citizenship 13355:Integration 13289:New Zealand 13224:(suspended) 13080:Saint Lucia 12294:Environment 12289:Earthquakes 11889:, Greenwood 11805:(1): 3–23. 11600:Ecuador.com 11461:January 13, 11435:11 November 11405:11 November 11374:11 November 11364:El Universo 10698:24 February 10672:24 February 10639:24 February 10610:24 February 10398:17 December 10304:El Universo 10149:24 February 10092:2 September 8971:(1): 5978. 8912:24 February 8819:20 November 8756:18 February 8461:14 November 8439:24 February 8347:20 February 8227:24 February 7906:24 November 7403:4 September 6691:10088/19154 6573:22 November 6302:21 February 6262:21 February 6196:31 December 6022:14 November 6000:20 November 5970:24 February 5537:El Nacional 5476:Félix Aráuz 5444:Camilo Egas 5390:Jorge Icaza 5372:; the poet 5281:peach palms 5277:tree grapes 5239:Pan de yuca 5221:cocoa beans 5092:Tecnocumbia 4862:Koenigstein 4721:Santa Elena 4716:Santa Elena 4227:Crypto-Jews 4167:syncretized 4156:Protestants 4153:Evangelical 4109:Irreligious 4014:Wao Tededeo 3864:Amerindians 3707:, Crucita, 3375:oil company 3319:, and as a 3130:La Amazonía 3046:Santa Elena 2811:Santa Elena 2525:Mike Pompeo 2174:odious debt 2074:Eloy Alfaro 2002:coup d'état 1873:Axis Powers 1818:Real Cedula 1709:During the 1536:Eloy Alfaro 1484:Diego Noboa 1255:Inca Empire 1251:Inca Empire 947:Inca Empire 826:Date format 773: 0.765 528:5 June 1895 505:13 May 1830 489:24 May 1822 450:Legislature 372:no religion 359:1.1% other 349:Catholicism 257:(Quechua), 216: / 14150:Categories 13491:Costa Rica 13319:Currencies 13310:Parliament 12614:Television 12584:Newspapers 12226:Cenepa War 11882:, SR Books 11716:19 October 11273:12 October 11247:12 October 11202:26 October 11176:26 October 11150:25 October 11107:25 October 11025:23 October 10992:31 October 10861:4 November 10563:22 January 10123:26 January 10113:expreso.ec 10042:30 October 9983:3 February 9821:DUAL dmw. 9237:6 February 8878:. UNESCO. 8713:7 February 8670:24 January 8605:Galapagos. 8598:17 January 8559:17 January 8514:2 February 7963:10 January 7932:12 January 7896:Al Jazeera 7862:29 October 7777:Al Jazeera 7636:10 October 7610:10 October 7377:August 26, 7257:Al Jazeera 7166:Al Jazeera 6437:17 January 6170:12 October 6131:12 October 5761:References 5394:Huasipungo 5363:A la Costa 5329:, born in 5287:Literature 5258:Guinea Pig 5213:Esmeraldas 5156:guinea pig 5114:See also: 5104:Inti Raymi 5096:Sanjuanito 5050:Amerindian 4971:Venezuelan 4889:Portuguese 4839:See also: 4823:Esmeraldas 4666:Portoviejo 4637:Tungurahua 4585:Esmeraldas 4580:Esmeraldas 4496:Chimborazo 4380:Portoviejo 4352:See also: 4221:with many 4094:Protestant 3809:See also: 3709:Esmeraldas 3696:volcanoes. 3686:Chimborazo 3671:Mama Negra 3640:Vilcabamba 3490:World Bank 3254:rainforest 3224:Esmeraldas 3182:Lago Agrio 3134:El Oriente 3104:Tungurahua 3088:Chimborazo 3026:Esmeraldas 2946:See also: 2779:Tungurahua 2775:Chimborazo 2735:Esmeraldas 2698:provincias 2696:(Spanish: 2604:See also: 2282:referendum 2274:Pachakutik 2120:20 km walk 2101:Cenepa War 2083:President 2025:See also: 1947:Cenepa War 1911:Cenepa War 1715:San Martín 1413:San Martín 1329:encomienda 1165:coricancha 1034:One of 17 1029:Gini index 1019:, and the 829:dd/mm/yyyy 748: 45.5 593:17,483,326 582:Population 397:Government 390:Ecuadorian 385:Demonym(s) 376:0.4% other 321:0.1% other 305:Indigenous 287:Indigenous 204:78°30′43″W 201:00°13′12″S 149:(English: 14191:Republics 13930:Argentina 13914:Venezuela 13811:Venezuela 13601:Venezuela 13521:Guatemala 13446:Argentina 13376:Relations 13277:Observers 13222:Venezuela 13197:Argentina 13090:Venezuela 13070:Nicaragua 12975:Observers 12966:Venezuela 12941:Argentina 12789:Venezuela 12734:Argentina 12717:Sovereign 12531:Education 12485:Transport 12393:President 12360:Elections 12329:Volcanoes 12319:Provinces 12309:Mountains 12262:Geography 12189:1960–1990 12184:1944–1960 12172:1925–1944 12155:1895–1925 12145:1860–1895 12128:1830–1860 12015:from the 11819:143580656 11708:. Spain. 11582:248725703 11574:2352-6181 11558:(1): 16. 10943:europa.eu 10913:"Ecuador" 10847:"Ecuador" 10718:Bloomberg 10366:August 9, 10062:ignored ( 10052:cite book 9902:aladi.org 9507:"Ecuador" 8995:2041-1723 8295:6 October 8265:19 August 8255:"Ecuador" 8118:28 August 8092:28 August 7989:18 August 7872:cite news 7757:19 August 7726:19 August 7631:Bloomberg 7367:USA Today 7297:15 August 7267:15 August 7237:15 August 7207:15 August 7176:15 August 7146:5 October 6979:19 August 6923:22 August 6884:Les Incas 6699:0081-0223 6677:: 1–234. 6614:0036-8075 6052:"Ecuador" 5960:"Ecuador" 5829:18 August 5815:"Ecuador" 5311:Castilian 5187:Guayaquil 5179:churrasco 5154:(grilled 5152:Cuy asado 4967:Colombian 4955:Argentina 4648:Latacunga 4539:2,723,665 4530:Guayaquil 4484:2,781,641 4480:Pichincha 4467:Guayaquil 4364:Guayaquil 4334:Guayaquil 4318:Education 4248:Guayaquil 4219:Sephardic 4196:Buddhists 4145:agnostics 3951:Foreign 3792:Guayaquil 3731:Transport 3717:Montañita 3699:Beaches: 3694:Illinizas 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March 7574:Archived 7554:25 March 7548:Archived 7528:25 March 7522:Archived 7496:Archived 7444:Archived 7421:Archived 7371:Archived 7341:Archived 7291:Archived 7261:Archived 7231:Archived 7201:Archived 7170:Archived 7140:Archived 7109:Archived 7078:Archived 6973:Archived 6953:8 August 6794:32912150 6733:Archived 6703:Archived 6648:Archived 6618:Archived 6567:Archived 6535:cite web 6472:cite web 6428:Archived 6399:Archived 6365:Archived 6363:. 2024. 6256:Archived 6232:13 March 6223:Archived 6190:Archived 6164:Archived 6125:Archived 6091:Archived 6083:"Inicio" 6032:cite web 5994:Archived 5990:BBC News 5964:Archived 5938:Archived 5911:Archived 5882:Archived 5823:Archived 5788:25 April 5782:Archived 5573:See also 5434:include 5209:Plantain 5193:people. 5191:Montubio 4925:Italians 4881:Italians 4847:Japanese 4827:145,879 4818:Quinindé 4793:173,684 4759:175,281 4755:Los Ríos 4750:Babahoyo 4725:188,821 4691:199,835 4657:205,624 4653:Cotopaxi 4623:213,842 4619:Los Ríos 4589:218,727 4555:221,149 4551:Imbabura 4500:264,048 4491:Riobamba 4439:Province 4423:Province 4149:Catholic 4141:atheists 4079:Catholic 4068:Religion 4048:Religion 4006:Tsa'fiki 3911:Language 3891:Language 3879:Mulattos 3838:Montubio 3833:Mestizos 3741:Trolebús 3701:Atacames 3690:Cotopaxi 3678:Antisana 3669:and its 3478:Mercosur 3289:endemism 3208:Cotopaxi 3150:Orellana 3092:Imbabura 3058:Chiquita 3034:Los Ríos 3022:La Costa 3012:Colombia 2966:Cotopaxi 2887:Military 2819:Los Ríos 2791:Riobamba 2787:Cotopaxi 2765:Orellana 2743:Imbabura 2572:BancoSur 2451:notaries 2310:cartel, 2257:election 1894:and the 1693:and the 1509:Ecuador 1449:Colombia 1365:criollos 1324:immunity 1320:smallpox 1013:Mercosur 963:mestizos 912:Colombia 789:Currency 406:republic 294:Montubio 14156:Ecuador 14123:77°30′W 14085:Related 13978:Summits 13965:Uruguay 13950:Ecuador 13899:Bolivia 13884:Members 13791:Nigeria 13756:Algeria 13677:Charter 13596:Uruguay 13541:Jamaica 13516:Grenada 13506:Ecuador 13466:Bolivia 13451:Bahamas 13429:Members 13249:Ecuador 13217:Uruguay 13202:Bolivia 13182:Members 13065:Grenada 13050:Bolivia 12961:Uruguay 12920:Ecuador 12910:Bolivia 12903:Members 12798:In part 12784:Uruguay 12759:Ecuador 12739:Bolivia 12633:Outline 12609:Smoking 12569:Cuisine 12556:Culture 12504:Society 12475:Tourism 12431:Banking 12419:Economy 12304:Mammals 12299:Islands 12284:Climate 12090:History 12078:Ecuador 12038:Ecuador 12007:Ecuador 11991:Ecuador 11706:website 11395:El Pais 10892:28 June 10790:26 June 10758:18 July 10340:3 April 10283:17 July 10254:17 July 9973:Reuters 9679:24 June 9630:24 June 9600:24 June 9590:Reuters 9094:Reuters 9044:26 June 9004:7723057 8973:Bibcode 8886:26 June 8522:culture 8373:26 June 8186:Ecuador 7831:3 March 7787:3 March 7666:3 March 7502:11 July 7054:15 July 7028:Ecuador 6785:7488242 6739:25 July 6709:29 June 6654:29 June 6624:25 July 6594:Science 6563:website 6462:26 July 6391:IMF.org 6371:20 June 6156:IMF.org 6117:IMF.org 6097:5 March 6067:22 June 5944:25 July 5740:Quechua 5736:Equator 5728:Spanish 5717:Ekuatur 5713:Ecuador 5705:Ikwayur 5701:Quechua 5679:-wə-dor 5410:criolla 5349:titled 5315:Quechua 5273:bananas 5269:cassava 5225:tilapia 5217:bananas 5205:tostado 5201:chifles 5197:Ceviche 5174:ceviche 5148:ceviche 5110:Cuisine 5100:Otavalo 5083:Pasillo 5037:Waorani 5025:mestizo 5001:Culture 4963:Uruguay 4929:Liguria 4897:Britons 4885:Germans 4869:Lebanon 4851:Chinese 4811:264,281 4777:274,112 4743:289,141 4734:Machala 4709:315,724 4682:Milagro 4675:321,800 4641:387,309 4614:Quevedo 4607:458,580 4573:636,996 4127: 4114: 4099: 4084: 4073:percent 4010:Paicoca 3990:A'ingae 3968: 3955: 3942: 3927: 3922:Spanish 3916:percent 3826:in 2020 3725:Salinas 3682:Cayambe 3571:Tourism 3496:(IMF), 3488:(IDB), 3386:Economy 3340:in the 3312:endemic 3295:in the 3238:Climate 3174:Waorani 3154:Pastaza 2989:Oceania 2968:Volcano 2831:Milagro 2827:Bolívar 2783:Pastaza 2621:A 2003 2152:In the 2112:Atlanta 1969:in the 1826:Iquitos 1790:Popayán 1719:Bolívar 1670:de jure 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