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585:(51°27’N/104°51’E). The glacial (Würm ice age = Last Glacial Period = MIS 2) glacier snowline (ELA) as altitude limit between glacier feeding area and ablation zone has run in these mountains between 1450 and 1250 m asl. This corresponds to a snowline depression of 1500 m against the current height of the snowline. Under the condition of a comparable precipitation ratio there might result from this a glacial depression of the average annual temperature of 7.5 to 9 °C for the Last Ice Age against today.
323:
40:
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massif situated west of Lake Baikal and from the 12.100 km extended completely glaciated granite-gneiss plateau (2300 m asl) of the East-Sayan mountains as well as the east-connected 2600 – 3110 m-high summits in the
Tunkinskaya Dolina valley, joining to a c. 30 km-wide parent glacier. Its
627:
The ancestors of modern Evenki groups inhabited areas adjacent to the Sayan
Mountains, and it is highly likely that they took part in the process of reindeer domestication along with the Samoyedic population." The local indigenous groups that have retained their traditional lifestyle nowadays live
584:
From its valley heads, e.g. the upper
Slujanka valley (51°32’N/103°37’E), but also through parallel valleys like the Snirsdaja valley, outlet glaciers flowed to the north to Lake Baikal. The Snirsdaja-valley-outlet glacier has calved, among other outlet glaciers, at c. 400 m asl into Lake Baikal
962:
Kuhle, M. (2004) : 'The High
Glacial (Last Ice Age and LGM) glacier cover in High- and Central Asia. Accompanying text to the mapwork in hand with detailed references to the literature of the underlying empirical investigations'. Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. (eds).
691:
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glacier tongue that flowed down to the east, to Lake Baikal, came to an end at 500 m asl (51°48’28.98"N/103°0’29.86"E). The Khamar Daban mountains were covered by a large-scale ice cap filling up the valley relief.
505:", such as Manskoye Belogorye, Kanskoye Belogorye, Kuturchinskoye Belogorye, as well as Agul Belki (Агульские Белки), with permanent snow on the peaks. In the central part, towards the upper reaches of the
1132:
Parpola, A. (2013). "Formation of the Indo-European and Uralic language families in the light of archaeology: Revised and integrated 'total' correlations". In R. Grünthal, & P. Kallio (Eds.),
624:
The Sayan region was apparently the origin of the economic and cultural complex of reindeer hunters-herdsmen that we now see among the various Evenki groups and the peoples of the Sayan area.
1001:
Vainshtein, Sev’yan I. (1971), "The
Problem of the Origins of Reindeer Herding in Eurasia, Part II: The Role of the Sayan Center in the Diffusion of Reindeer Herding in Eurasia",
378:
the ascent is on the whole gentle, but from the plains of
Siberia it is much steeper. The range includes a number of subsidiary ranges of an Alpine character, such as the
362:. It stretches almost at a right angle to the Western Sayan for 650 km (400 mi) in a roughly northeast/southwest direction between the Shapshal Range of the
953:
International
Project on Paleolimnology and Late Cenozoic Climate No. 8. (Eds: Shoji Horie; Kazuhiro Toyoda (IPPCCE)) Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, pp. 48–60.
497:
The
Eastern Sayan stretches almost at a right angle to the Western Sayan for 1,000 km (620 mi) in a northwest/southeast direction, from the Yenisei to the
1145:
Uchiyama, J., Gillam, J., Savelyev, A., & Ning, C. (2020). "Populations dynamics in
Northern Eurasian forests: A long-term perspective from Northeast Asia",
682:
region) while the Proto-Turkic homeland is located farther eastwards (e.g. "in the southern fringe of the in
Northeast Asia ... near eastern Mongolia").
544:, among others. The highest point of the Eastern Sayan, as well as the highest point of the whole Sayan system, 3,491 m (11,453 ft) high Mount
541:
399:
419:
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at 100° 30' E. the system bears also the name of Yerghik-Taiga. The flora is on the whole poor, although the higher regions carry good forests of
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556:. The mountains of the Eastern Sayan characteristically display alpine relief forms. In general, rivers flowing down from the ranges form
905:
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almost exclusively in the area of the Eastern Sayan mountains. However, the local reindeer herding communities were greatly affected by
387:
834:
86:
435:
391:
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In this area that currently shows only small cirque glaciers, at glacial times glaciers have flowed down from the 3492 m high
1117:
919:ЭСБЕ/Саянский горный хребет, Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
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rivers, several ridges, such as the Kryzhin Range form a cluster culminating in the 2,982 m (9,783 ft) high
1031:
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zone of the Sayan-Altay region. Alternatively, the Proto-Uralic homeland is located farther westwards (e.g. in the
617:, is "the oldest form of reindeer herding and is associated with the earliest domestication of the reindeer by the
525:
1239:
1198:
17:
1022:
Forysth, J. (1991). "The Siberian Native Peoples Before and After the Russian Conquest". In Wood, A. (ed.).
79:
858:
291:, the mountain range served as the border between Mongolian and Russian cultures and cultural influences.
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1136:(pp. 119-184). (Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; Vol. 266). Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura. p. 160
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198:
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Extent and Chronology of Glaciations, Vol. 3 (Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica)
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568:
489:. Lichens and mosses clothe many of the boulders that are scattered over the upper slopes.
838:
759:
548:, is located in the range of the same name in this area. 2,939 m (9,642 ft) high
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501:. Some subranges of the northwest form a system of "White Mountains" (Белогорье) or "
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is located in South-Central Siberia in the Sayan Mountains region. Meanwhile,
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To the southeast rise the highest and most remote subranges, including the
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795:. Vol. 12. Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde. p. 46.
636:, with many Evenks losing their traditional lifestyle and groups like the
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909:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 276.
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310:. This is a protected and isolated area, having been kept closed by the
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of the Sayan Mountains at the turn of the first millennium A.D."
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The Sayan Mountains' towering peaks and cool lakes southwest of
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Mountain range in southern Siberia, Russia and northern Mongolia
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At 92°E the Western Sayan system is pierced by the Ulug-Khem (
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B. C. Bасильев, Ю. M. Mальцев, Б. И. Cуганов, E. H. Черных -
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510:
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470:
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454:
1110:
Studies on the peoples and cultures of the Eurasian steppes
1106:"Ethnogenesis in the tribal zone: The Shaping of the Turks"
1024:
The History of Siberia: From Russian Conquest to Revolution
613:, Sayan reindeer herding, as historically practiced by the
458:
295:
276:
837:. Geographic Bureau - Siberia and Pacific. Archived from
302:
that merge to become one of Siberia's major rivers, the
246:
792:
Vorlesungen uber die Geschichte der Turken Mittelasiens
560:
and there is an abundance of waterfalls in the area.
1056:The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society
1216:
588:
1085:"On the Homeland of the Uralic Language Family"
229:
788:
597:Autumn forest in the Eastern Sayan Mountains,
651:, and other linguists, the homeland of the
1169:. Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics,
1134:Linguistic map of prehistoric north Europe
1068:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1000:
517:, the highest point in Krasnoyarsk Krai.
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967:. Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V., pp. 175-199.
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644:peoples being assimilated altogether.
449:Between the breach of the Yenisei and
1049:"Proto-Uralic—what, where, and when?"
1026:. London: Routledge. pp. 69–91.
951:Impact of Glaciations on Lake Baikal.
887:
563:
422:ranges. The most important peaks are
48:, highest peak in the Sayan Mountains
978:"Evenki Reindeer Herding: A History"
239:
949:Grosswald, M. G.; Kuhle, M. (1994):
442:(2,318 m (7,605 ft)) and
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745:Geography of South-Central Siberia
725:) at an altitude of 2,000 meters.
25:
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532:" type of mountains, such as the
1083:Dziebel, German (October 2012).
492:
446:(2,265 m (7,431 ft)).
438:(2,402 m (7,881 ft)),
434:(2,492 m (8,176 ft)),
430:(2,456 m (8,058 ft)),
426:(2,969 m (9,741 ft)),
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287:. Before the rapid expansion of
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1112:. Bucureşti: Ed. Acad. Române.
1104:Golden, Peter Benjamin (2011).
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694:is located in these mountains (
212:Western Sayan, Ergaki mountains
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589:Origins of reindeer husbandry
74:3,492 m (11,457 ft)
317:
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1235:Mountain ranges of Mongolia
1171:Russian Academy of Sciences
1147:Evolutionary Human Sciences
1058:. Helsinki. pp. 57–78.
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230:
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835:"Tuva and Sayan Mountains"
685:
619:Samoyedic taiga population
1230:Mountain ranges of Russia
1167:"Sayan Solar Observatory"
930:"N-47 Chart (in Russian)"
874:"M-45 Chart (in Russian)"
666:Urheimat in the southern
572:Sayan Mountains in August
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1204:Photo of Sayan Mountains
775:
552:is the highest point of
210:Lake of Mountain Spirits
199:South Siberian Mountains
1047:Janhunen, Juha (2009).
906:Encyclopædia Britannica
900:"Sayan Mountains"
789:Vasily Bartold (1935).
692:Sayan Solar Observatory
1004:Sovetskaya Etnografiya
713:51.62167°N 100.91861°E
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374:in the east. From the
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259:spanning southeastern
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102:51.71889°N 100.61472°E
1240:Landforms of Buryatia
1199:Tuva -Sayan Mountains
660:Peter Benjamin Golden
611:Sev’yan I. Vainshtein
596:
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325:
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760:Minusinsk Depression
366:in the west and the
180:Show map of Mongolia
1209:Valley of Volcanoes
1155:10.1017/ehs.2020.11
718:51.62167; 100.91861
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107:51.71889; 100.61472
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770:Altai-Sayan region
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564:The Ice Age Period
412:Ergak-Targak-Taiga
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332:Ergaki Nature Park
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150:Show map of Russia
54:Highest point
1119:978-973-1871-96-7
982:Cultural Survival
815:"Sayan Mountains"
542:Botogolsky Goltsy
376:Mongolian plateau
330:, Western Sayan,
298:give rise to the
289:Tsardom of Russia
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428:Aradansky Peak
408:Sheshpir-Taiga
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451:Lake Khövsgöl
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338:Western Sayan
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1211:(in Russian)
1179:. Retrieved
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1088:. Retrieved
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877:. Retrieved
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843:. Retrieved
839:the original
829:
818:. Retrieved
809:
791:
784:
750:Lykov family
735:Abakan River
689:
664:Proto-Turkic
662:locates the
646:
626:
623:
608:
583:
578:Munku Sardyk
575:
546:Munku-Sardyk
538:Kitoy Goltsy
534:Tunka Goltsy
519:
499:Angara Range
496:
484:
478:
448:
444:Zvezdny Peak
368:Abakan Range
341:
314:since 1944.
312:Soviet Union
308:Arctic Ocean
293:
255:in southern
217:
215:
193:Parent range
987:30 December
716: /
704:100°55′07″E
657:Turkologist
400:Kurtushibin
350:) or Upper
300:tributaries
226:Соёны нуруу
105: /
93:100°36′53″E
80:Coordinates
1219:Categories
1181:2016-12-03
1149:, 2, E16.
1090:2019-03-21
935:7 December
879:7 December
845:2006-10-26
820:2006-12-25
755:Mana River
701:51°37′18″N
420:Nazarovsky
240:𐰚𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤
236:Old Turkic
90:51°43′08″N
1064:cite book
318:Geography
281:Khakassia
222:Mongolian
118:Geography
70:Elevation
1175:Siberian
729:See also
599:Buryatia
480:Berberis
348:Улуг-Хем
285:Mongolia
265:Buryatia
251:) are a
44:View of
1011:: 37–52
801:3673071
686:Science
473:, with
463:juniper
436:Samzhir
392:Kulumys
370:of the
356:Selenga
344:Russian
257:Siberia
1177:branch
1116:
1030:
799:
740:Ergaki
672:steppe
615:Evenks
603:Russia
558:gorges
530:Goltsy
469:, and
416:Kedran
396:Mirsky
380:Aradan
261:Russia
248:Kögmen
1052:(PDF)
861:Саяны
776:Notes
676:Volga
668:taiga
642:Kamas
638:Mator
511:Kizir
507:Kazyr
503:Belki
486:Ribes
471:alder
467:birch
455:larch
440:Borus
384:Borus
1114:ISBN
1070:link
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