1286:
995:
3360:
1627:
120:
482:
104:
1029:
137:
756:
507:
751:
1089:
1277:
1582:, if Frederick William would support Charles Gustav's effort. The proposition was somewhat risky, since Frederick William would definitely have to provide military support, while the reward could only be provided conditional on victory. When the tide of the war turned against Charles X Gustav, he concluded the
1068:
By the end of Albert's rule, the offices of Grand
Commander and Marshal of the Order had deliberately been left vacant while the order was left with but 55 knights in Prussia. Some of the knights converted to Lutheranism in order to retain their property and then married into the Prussian nobility,
1661:
was asked for help, masses were held in
Protestant churches for the Polish King and the Polish Kingdom. In 1662, elector Frederick William entered the city with his troops and forced the city to swear allegiance to him. However, in the following decades attempts to return to Polish suzerainty were
1267:
They claimed to be rebelling against the harsh nobility, not against Duke Albert, who was away in the Holy Roman Empire, saying they would only swear allegiance to him in person. Upon Albert's return from the Empire, he called for a meeting of the peasants in a field, whereupon he surrounded them
1228:
On 18 January 1524 Bishop George had ordered the use of native languages at baptisms, which improved the acceptance of baptism by the peasants. There was little active resistance to the new
Protestant religion. The Teutonic Knights having brought Catholicism made the transition to Protestantism
1442:, confirming the Brandenburgian co-inheritance of Prussia, these two regents guaranteed the free practice of Catholic religion in predominantly Lutheran Prussia. Based on these contracts some Lutheran churches were reconsecrated as Catholic places of worship (e.g.
1236:
land, authorities traveled throughout the duchy ensuring that
Lutheran teachings were being followed and imposing penalties on pagans and dissidents. The rural population of native descent was only thoroughly christianised starting with the Reformation in Prussia.
1347:
While the composition of the nobility changed little in the transition from the monastic state to the duchy, the control of the nobility over the dependent peasantry increased. Prussia's free peasants, called Kölmer, were holders of free estates according to
1912:
1036:
When Albert returned to Königsberg, he publicly declared his conversion and announced to a quorum of
Teutonic Knights his new ducal status. The knights who disapproved of the decision were pressured into acceptance by Albert's supporters and the
1606:
on 6 November 1657. In return for
Frederick William's renunciation of the Swedish-Prussian alliance, John Casimir recognised Frederick William's full sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia. After almost 200 years of Polish suzerainty over the
1355:
Administratively, little changed in the transition from the
Teutonic Knights to ducal rule. Although he was formally a vassal of the crown of Poland, Albert retained self-government for Prussia, his own army, the minting of his currency, a
722:. In the following years, attempts were made to return to Polish suzerainty, especially by the capital city of Königsberg, whose burghers rejected the treaties and viewed the region as part of Poland. The Duchy of Prussia was elevated to a
1268:
with loyal troops and had them arrested without incident. The leaders of the rebellion were subsequently executed. There were no more large-scale rebellions. Ducal
Prussia became known as a land of Protestantism and sectarianism.
3257:
2113:; eine Darstellung in Quellen, edited on behalf of Berliner Festspiele as a catalogue to the exhibition on Prussia between 15 May and 15 November 1981, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1981, (=Preußen; vol. 3), pp. 24 and 35.
1913:
http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Komunikaty_Mazursko_Warminskie/Komunikaty_Mazursko_Warminskie-r1995-t-n3/Komunikaty_Mazursko_Warminskie-r1995-t-n3-s311-313/Komunikaty_Mazursko_Warminskie-r1995-t-n3-s311-313.pdf
2239:
3250:
1193:
The
Teutonic Order had only superficially carried out its mission to Christianize the native rural population and had erected few churches within the state's territory. There was little longing for
3243:
3266:
3359:
1670:
was to support Polish efforts to regain control of the region, while Poland was to join the ongoing Franco-Brandenburgian war on the French side, however, it was not implemented.
1649:, rejected the treaties of Wehlau and Oliva and viewed Prussia as "indisputably contained within the territory of the Polish Crown". It was noted that the incorporation into the
2283:
1385:, converted to Lutheranism in 1539. Joachim wanted to merge his lands with the Prussian dukedom, so his heirs would inherit both. Joachim petitioned his brother-in-law, king
1285:
1248:, and the abrupt secularization of the Teutonic Order's remaining Prussian lands exacerbated peasant unrest. The relatively well-to-do rebel leaders, including a miller from
1464:
In 1618, the
Prussian Hohenzollern became extinct in the male line, and so the Polish fief of Prussia was passed on to the senior Brandenburg Hohenzollern line, the ruling
1232:
The Church Order of 1525 provided for visitations of the parishioners and pastors, first carried out by Bishop George in 1538. Because Ducal Prussia was ostensibly a
1435:
3623:
3349:
1320:
in Königsberg, which became the principal educational establishment for Lutheran pastors and theologians of Prussia. In 1560, the university received a royal
967:
encouraged him to convert the order's territory into a secular principality under his personal rule, as the Teutonic Knights would not be able to survive the
952:, who had converted to Lutheranism in 1523, and a number of his commanders already supporting Protestant ideas, Albert began to consider a radical solution.
2933:
3125:
3618:
3120:
1256:, were supported by sympathizers in Königsberg. The rebels demanded the elimination of newer taxes by the nobility, and a return to an older tax of two
2276:
2207:
1412:
1389:
of Poland the co-enfeoffment of his line of the Hohenzollern with the Prussian dukedom, and finally succeeded, including the then usual expenses.
1615:
then became the more adequate appellation for the state. Full sovereignty was a necessary prerequisite to upgrade Ducal Prussia to the sovereign
3398:
2174:
2269:
2160:
795:
2753:
3334:
1637:
However, the end of Polish suzerainty was met with resistance of the population, regardless of ethnicity, as it was afraid of Brandenburg
3603:
3274:
2051:
3368:
2452:
1336:. The use of the native languages in church services made Duke Albert appoint exiled Protestant Lithuanian pastors as professors, e.g.
987:
of Poland. In a deal partly brokered by Luther, Ducal Prussia became the first Protestant state, anticipating the dispensations of the
1773:. The Kingdom of Prussia, then consisting of East and West Prussia, being a sovereign state, and Brandenburg, being a fief within the
3633:
1543:
1525:
and appealed to Sigismund III Vasa for redress, or even incorporation of Ducal Prussia into the Polish kingdom, but without success.
1431:
1382:
711:
339:
3476:
2210:(1983). "Rivalität der Magnaten und Bedrohung der Souveränität" [Rivalry of the Magnates and the Threat of Sovereignty].
1488:
impossible; however, in practice, Brandenburg and Ducal Prussia were more and more ruled as one, and colloquially referred to as
1167:
1155:
2078:
1943:
1586:(November 1656), making Frederick William I the full sovereign in Ducal Prussia and Warmia, which, however, was part of Poland.
3628:
3329:
1608:
1575:
1502:
1439:
907:
327:
315:
181:
3428:
3408:
2564:
2340:
2240:"11 czerwca 1675 roku król Polski Jan III Sobieski i ambasador króla Francji Ludwika XIV podpisali tajny traktat w Jaworowie"
637:
1657:
was approved by the city of Königsberg, while the separation from Poland took place without the city's consent. Polish King
3319:
3324:
3344:
934:
2923:
589:
established as a result of secularization of the Monastic Prussia, the territory that remained under the control of the
119:
3403:
3304:
1333:
1093:
1783:
only after the latter's dissolution in 1806, though later became again partially distinct during the existence of the
2399:
2223:
2141:
2118:
2062:
2035:
2009:
1986:
1375:
938:
653:
303:
154:
2721:
1443:
1307:
3613:
3608:
3567:
3284:
3222:
2746:
1146:
994:
3235:
3167:
2717:
2613:
1650:
1642:
1106:
1559:
1352:. These Kölmer held with about a sixth of the arable land, much more than in other nations in the feudal era.
2913:
2875:
1710:
1411:
Administration in the duchy declined as Albert Frederick became increasingly feeble-minded, leading Margrave
17:
1611:
and its successor Ducal Prussia, the territory passed under the full sovereignty of Brandenburg. Therefore,
3643:
657:
2093:
1958:
1294:
The duchy became a leading Polish and Lithuanian Lutheran and printing center. In the mid-16th century in
3638:
3155:
2739:
2348:
789:
590:
487:
272:
136:
3557:
2360:
1317:
3598:
3150:
2504:
2315:
1770:
1738:
1714:
1682:
1579:
1555:
1473:
1000:
811:
783:
699:
3588:
3461:
3140:
2654:
2650:
2520:
2492:
1734:
1595:
3299:
2182:
1042:
3451:
3309:
3216:
3135:
2605:
2483:
2389:
2261:
1742:
1115:
1681:
became more apparent through the titles of the higher ranks of the Prussian government, seated in
1303:
3593:
2822:
2551:
2302:
2023:
1862:
1529:
1329:
1062:
1013:
919:
649:
610:
291:
125:
1205:
peasants continued to practice pagan customs in some areas, for example, adhering to beliefs in
103:
3423:
3190:
3052:
2626:
2584:
2384:
1702:
1537:
1379:
1337:
1245:
1159:
968:
945:
629:
594:
351:
3383:
3289:
2918:
2556:
2419:
1856:
1626:
1567:
1081:, continued to unsuccessfully claim Prussia, but retained much of the estates in the Teutonic
714:, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg, achieved full sovereignty over the duchy under the 1657
3471:
3418:
3388:
3205:
3090:
2955:
2690:
2686:
2639:
2475:
1518:
1386:
1325:
1194:
1187:
1074:
927:
911:
870:
833:
692:
232:
3481:
3539:
3486:
3413:
2997:
2659:
2569:
2533:
2364:
2328:
1784:
1690:
1658:
1563:
1498:
1225:
had forbidden the widespread forms of pagan worship in 1524, and repeated the ban in 1540.
1202:
949:
3047:
2992:
1663:
1546:
the "Great Elector", duke of Prussia and prince-elector of Brandenburg, wished to acquire
8:
3530:
3501:
3496:
3314:
3294:
3017:
2799:
2617:
2597:
2579:
2353:
2344:
1805:
1678:
1571:
1551:
1510:
1490:
1459:
1416:
1179:
1078:
1021:
984:
821:
807:
707:
661:
562:
500:
375:
228:
162:
84:
2804:
1654:
1533:
633:
3534:
3526:
3506:
3491:
3115:
3085:
3075:
3070:
2928:
2789:
2694:
2674:
2666:
2574:
2540:
2411:
2376:
2369:
1616:
1603:
1506:
1427:
1341:
876:
827:
723:
35:
3027:
2842:
2827:
2794:
856:
3466:
3433:
3185:
3110:
3042:
2943:
2709:
2468:
2463:
2447:
2439:
2432:
2427:
2219:
2152:
2137:
2114:
2058:
2031:
2005:
1982:
1974:
1774:
1689:
after the return of the court from Königsberg, where they had sought refuge from the
1667:
1638:
1477:
1222:
1183:
1070:
988:
668:
of Poland to Duke Albert per the Treaty of Kraków, a decision that was sealed by the
2870:
1842:
The duchy's Evangelical (Protestant) church was the first formally established as a
3522:
3393:
3378:
3339:
3200:
3175:
3130:
3032:
3007:
2982:
2960:
2908:
2860:
2832:
2511:
2333:
1599:
1583:
1514:
1357:
1241:
1124:
1097:
1054:
942:
915:
742:
715:
641:
586:
401:
365:
3265:
3080:
3002:
2865:
2837:
2682:
2320:
2097:
1962:
1800:
1706:
1646:
1397:
1321:
1253:
1053:, opposed the new duke. On 10 December 1525, at their session in Königsberg, the
980:
719:
669:
622:
554:
546:
414:
388:
224:
220:
109:
70:
56:
1408:, the King simultaneously enfeoffed Joachim II and his descendants as co-heirs.
1032:
Ducal Prussia as a Polish fief (striped) in the second half of the 16th century.
3195:
3037:
3022:
3012:
2987:
2890:
2814:
2589:
2324:
1997:
1843:
1721:, mostly appeared under the higher ranking titles of the Prussian government.
1713:. The government of de facto collectively ruled Brandenburg-Prussia, seated in
1566:(June 1656), Charles X Gustav promised to cede to Frederick William the Polish
1481:
1469:
979:
On 10 April 1525 Albert resigned his position, became a Protestant, and in the
765:
703:
695:
645:
3582:
2885:
2880:
2781:
2499:
2129:
1730:
1620:
1547:
1299:
1244:
in 1525. The combination of taxation by the nobility, the contentions of the
1198:
1175:
1028:
964:
903:
815:
777:
196:
183:
31:
1631:
1598:
submitted a counter-offer which Frederick William accepted. They signed the
1344:, making the Albertina also a centre of Lithuanian language and literature.
1328:
of Poland. It was granted the same rights and autonomy those enjoyed by the
1295:
1170:, who had earlier established the Protestant religion in his territories of
681:
676:
in April 1525. The new duke established Lutheranism as the first Protestant
175:
2947:
2621:
2487:
1819:
1766:
1754:
1750:
1257:
923:
677:
648:
the order's prevailing Prussian territory (the Monastic Prussia), becoming
448:
1378:
inherited the duchy. Sigismund II was also Albert Frederick's cousin. The
1038:
850:
2974:
2515:
1729:
After the Kingdom of Prussia's annexation of the bulk of the province of
1401:
1261:
1233:
1163:
1005:
886:
738:
685:
614:
242:
1501:
broke out, and John Sigismund himself died the following year. His son,
1206:
1050:
2028:
Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Baltic World, 1492–1772
1737:
in 1772, former Ducal Prussia — including previously Polish-controlled
1562:(January 1656), which made the duchy a Swedish fief. In the subsequent
1485:
956:
755:
606:
216:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
750:
3062:
2731:
2218:] (in German). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Interpress. pp. 81–91.
1746:
1505:, was successfully invested with the duchy in 1623 by King of Poland
1171:
1088:
1082:
960:
525:
262:
2291:
1881:
1758:
1447:
1009:
673:
3145:
1917:
1878:
Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych
1465:
1349:
1276:
1249:
1214:
1058:
265:
1762:
1077:. These remaining Teutonic Knights, led by the next Grand Master,
3438:
2970:
2900:
2852:
2459:
2293:
2077:, Klaipėda: 1997, pp. 742–771, here after the German translation
1814:
1779:
1550:
in order to territorially connect his two fiefs. Yet, during the
1374:
When Albert died in 1568, his teenage son (exact age is unknown)
1362:
1218:
930:, lacked the military resources to assert the order's authority.
866:
618:
249:
3214:
1942:, Klaipėda: 1997, pp. 742–771, hereafter the German translation
2766:
2394:
2088:
1953:
1903:, Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie nr 2, 2005, p. 126 (in Polish)
1718:
1686:
1522:
1420:
1405:
1393:
1046:
882:
862:
771:
533:
529:
1178:. Albert also found himself reliant on support from his uncle
1162:, thereby establishing political ties between Lutheranism and
3267:
Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1310:, which is the first printed book in the Lithuanian language.
582:
3549:
2762:
1396:, Poland, duke Albert Frederick rendered King Sigismund II
1210:
1137:
1017:
983:
was granted the title "Duke of Prussia" by his uncle, King
665:
150:
1645:. The burghers of the capital city of Königsberg, led by
1532:, in 1635 the duchy was administered by Polish statesman
664:, as its suzerain, granted the territory as a hereditary
617:
in 1525. It was inhabited by a German, Polish (mainly in
1332:, thus it became one of the leading universities in the
1221:
while "consuming the roasted flesh of a goat". Bishop
1757:, with the exceptions of the two principal cities of
2067:
2109:Peter Brandt in collaboration with Thomas Hofmann,
1594:In response to the Swedish-Prussian alliance, King
1476:, who thereafter ruled Brandenburg (a fief of the
1453:
1264:(a measure of land of approximately forty acres).
1701:Ducal Prussia's full sovereignty allowed Elector
3580:
2172:
1741:within Royal Prussia — was reorganized into the
1366:), and substantial autonomy in foreign affairs.
1166:. Albert was greatly aided by his elder brother
1100:, superimposed on present-day national borders.
76:
2002:The Monks of War: The Military Religious Orders
1484:. This legal contradiction made a cross-border
2083:(section: 5. Die Pfarrer und ihre Ausbildung;
1724:
3624:States and territories disestablished in 1701
3251:
2747:
2277:
1884:: Instytut Zachodni. pp. 96–97, 214–215.
2202:
2200:
2057:. Barnes & Noble Books. New York, 1978.
1298:were published the first translation of the
62:
48:
2111:Preußen: Zur Sozialgeschichte eines Staates
1968:
1619:, in 1701. (Not to be confused with Polish
1096:with its major subdivisions after the 1618
3619:States and territories established in 1525
3258:
3244:
2754:
2740:
2284:
2270:
135:
2206:
2197:
2146:
2075:Mažosios Lietuvos Bažnyčia XVI-XX amžiuje
1940:Mažosios Lietuvos Bažnyčia XVI-XX amžiuje
1480:), and Ducal Prussia (a Polish fief), in
1430:'s Prussian regency contract (1605) with
2134:The Teutonic Knights: A Military History
1625:
1190:, had banned him for his Protestantism.
1087:
1061:Church in Ducal Prussia by deciding the
1027:
993:
2179:Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny
2047:
2045:
2043:
2019:
2017:
1662:still made. In 1675, the Polish-French
1558:invaded Ducal Prussia and dictated the
1168:George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
910:, dissent began to develop against the
652:. As the region had been a part of the
439:30,000 km (12,000 sq mi)
14:
3581:
2761:
2090:Lietuvos Evangelikų Liuteronų Bažnyčia
1955:Lietuvos Evangelikų Liuteronų Bažnyčia
1948:(section: 2. Reformatorische Anfänge;
1875:
1811:
1797:
621:), and Lithuanian-speaking (mainly in
3239:
2735:
2265:
2123:
1991:
2040:
2014:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1709:" in 1701 without offending Emperor
1666:was even signed, according to which
2212:Polen. Ein geschichtliches Panorama
818:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)
24:
1609:Teutonic Monastic State of Prussia
908:Teutonic Monastic State of Prussia
25:
3655:
2163:. The Century Co. New York, 1929.
2136:. Greenhill Books. London, 2003.
1888:
1677:collectively ruled governance of
1641:and wished to remain part of the
1240:A peasant rebellion broke out in
3634:1701 disestablishments in Europe
3568:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
3358:
3223:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
2774:Medieval district principalities
1432:Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg
1369:
1316:In 1544 Duke Albert founded the
1284:
1275:
1154:On 1 March 1526, Albert married
1147:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
1041:of Königsberg, and only Eric of
974:
941:, and with his personal bishop,
754:
749:
505:
480:
118:
102:
2232:
2166:
2103:
2004:. Penguin Books. London, 1995.
1981:. Penguin Books. London, 1997.
1589:
1454:Personal union with Brandenburg
691:The duchy was inherited by the
3604:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3168:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
2100:, retrieved on 28 August 2011.
1965:, retrieved on 28 August 2011.
1906:
1869:
1849:
1836:
1643:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
1334:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1308:Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas
1107:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
1094:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
906:spread among the laity of the
780:(pre – 13th century)
774:(983 – 12th century)
13:
1:
3629:1525 establishments in Poland
2292:Territories and provinces of
2216:Poland: A Historical Panorama
1829:
1602:on 19 September 1657 and the
1440:John Sigismund of Brandenburg
1069:while others returned to the
897:
141:The Duchy of Prussia (yellow)
3523:Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)
1703:Frederick III of Brandenburg
1696:
1517:were opposed to rule by the
1016:receives Ducal Prussia as a
658:Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
27:Historical state (1525–1701)
7:
3156:State of the Teutonic Order
2181:(in Polish). Archived from
2175:"Jerzy Ossoliński h. Topór"
2080:Die Kirche in Klein Litauen
1945:Die Kirche in Klein Litauen
1790:
1725:Expansion and consolidation
1536:, appointed by Polish King
1513:was confirmed. Many of the
1182:of catholic Poland, as the
605:The duchy became the first
600:
591:State of the Teutonic Order
488:State of the Teutonic Order
10:
3660:
3350:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
3165:Early modern fiefs of the
3151:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
2316:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1771:Second Partition of Poland
1580:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1556:Charles X Gustav of Sweden
1509:, thus the personal union
1457:
1392:On 19 July 1569, when, in
812:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
784:Margraviate of Brandenburg
729:
680:. The capital remained in
29:
3548:
3515:
3450:
3367:
3356:
3273:
3164:
3103:
3061:
2969:
2942:
2899:
2851:
2813:
2780:
2773:
2706:
2637:
2557:Principality of Neuchâtel
2531:
2410:
2301:
2030:. Longman. London, 1990.
1735:First Partition of Poland
1596:John II Casimir of Poland
1008:, 1882, National Museum,
521:
459:
443:
433:
428:
424:
411:
398:
385:
381:
371:
361:
357:
345:
333:
321:
309:
297:
285:
281:
271:
258:
248:
238:
212:
171:
146:
134:
98:
93:
43:
3558:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
3217:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1743:Province of East Prussia
1116:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
718:, confirmed in the 1660
30:Not to be confused with
3614:17th century in Prussia
3609:16th century in Prussia
2924:Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród
1880:(in Polish and Latin).
1863:Oxford University Press
1769:only in 1793 after the
1753:became the Province of
920:Albert, Duke of Prussia
836:(1918 – 1947)
830:(1701 – 1918)
824:(1618 – 1701)
804:(1525 – 1618)
798:(1356 – 1806)
792:(1224 – 1525)
650:Albert, Duke of Prussia
632:, in accordance to the
611:Albert, Duke of Prussia
567:Prūsijos kunigaikštystė
78:Prūsijos kunigaikštystė
2173:Władysław Czapliński.
1876:Górski, Karol (1949).
1634:
1568:voivodships of Chełmno
1404:as Duke of Prussia in
1380:Elector of Brandenburg
1338:Stanislovas Rapolionis
1252:and an innkeeper from
1246:Protestant Reformation
1160:Frederick I of Denmark
1151:
1043:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1033:
1025:
918:, whose Grand Master,
889:(1947–1952, from 1990)
859:(1920–1939, from 1945)
816:Royal (Polish) Prussia
796:Elector of Brandenburg
630:Protestant Reformation
595:Protestant Reformation
578:
574:
566:
558:
550:
77:
63:
49:
1979:The Northern Crusades
1630:17th-century view of
1629:
1519:House of Hohenzollern
1326:Sigismund II Augustus
1304:Stanisław Murzynowski
1188:Roman Catholic Church
1091:
1031:
997:
928:House of Hohenzollern
871:Recovered Territories
834:Free State of Prussia
768:(965 – 983)
213:Common languages
3540:Inflanty (1621–1772)
3104:Other medieval fiefs
2570:Grand Duchy of Posen
2055:A History of Prussia
1785:German Confederation
1659:John II Casimir Vasa
1564:Treaty of Marienburg
1560:Treaty of Königsberg
1423:of Prussia in 1577.
1318:Albertina University
1209:, symbolized by the
1085:outside of Prussia.
628:In 1525, during the
575:Herzogliches Preußen
3644:Brandenburg-Prussia
2640:Territorial reforms
2598:Province of Prussia
1806:Province of Prussia
1777:, were amalgamated
1679:Brandenburg-Prussia
1552:Second Northern War
1530:Polish–Swedish Wars
1511:Brandenburg-Prussia
1491:Brandenburg-Prussia
1460:Brandenburg-Prussia
1444:St. Nicholas Church
1417:Brandenburg-Ansbach
1358:provincial assembly
1254:Schaaken in Prussia
1207:Perkūnas (Perkunos)
1203:Prussian Lithuanian
1158:, daughter of King
1149:, Commonwealth fief
1079:Walter von Cronberg
822:Brandenburg-Prussia
808:Malbork Voivodeship
772:Lutician federation
708:Brandenburg-Prussia
662:Sigismund I the Old
501:Brandenburg-Prussia
376:Early modern period
193: /
163:Brandenburg-Prussia
3639:Fiefdoms of Poland
3507:Duchy of Samogitia
3076:Pomerania-Stargard
2790:Seniorate Province
2722:Jülich-Cleves-Berg
2714:
2675:Posen-West Prussia
2614:Schleswig-Holstein
2153:Eulenberg, Herbert
2096:2011-10-02 at the
1975:Christiansen, Eric
1961:2011-10-02 at the
1901:Polska a Królewiec
1673:The nature of the
1635:
1617:Kingdom of Prussia
1604:Treaty of Bromberg
1507:Sigismund III Vasa
1400:and was in return
1342:Abraomas Kulvietis
1219:Pikullos (Patollu)
1152:
1034:
1026:
1024:of Poland in 1525.
877:Kaliningrad Oblast
828:Kingdom of Prussia
706:is referred to as
36:Kingdom of Prussia
3599:Duchies of Poland
3576:
3575:
3434:Duchy of Siewierz
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3191:Duchy of Oświęcim
3186:Duchy of Siewierz
3099:
3098:
2729:
2728:
2710:Province of Posen
2560:(1814–1848)
2448:Western Pomerania
2440:Minden-Ravensberg
2341:Farther Pomerania
2208:Rutkowski, Henryk
2185:on 1 October 2020
2157:The Hohenzollerns
1899:Janusz Jasiński,
1858:Notes and Queries
1827:
1826:
1775:Holy Roman Empire
1691:Thirty Years' War
1664:Treaty of Jaworów
1544:Frederick William
1538:Władysław IV Vasa
1499:Thirty Years' War
1478:Holy Roman Empire
1330:Kraków University
1223:George of Polentz
1195:Roman Catholicism
1184:Holy Roman Empire
1156:Princess Dorothea
1071:Holy Roman Empire
989:Peace of Augsburg
939:Kingdom of Poland
895:
894:
712:Frederick William
660:, King of Poland
654:Kingdom of Poland
613:formally adopted
587:region of Prussia
551:Herzogtum Preußen
539:
538:
517:
516:
513:
512:
493:
492:
454:
347:• 1688–1701
340:Frederick William
335:• 1640–1688
323:• 1619–1640
311:• 1618–1619
299:• 1568–1618
287:• 1525–1568
197:54.833°N 21.333°E
167:
159:
50:Herzogtum Preußen
16:(Redirected from
3651:
3589:Duchy of Prussia
3563:Duchy of Prussia
3443:
3439:Duchy of Siveria
3362:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3212:
3211:
3206:Lębork and Bytów
3201:Duchy of Troppau
3181:Duchy of Prussia
3176:Duchy of Masovia
3091:Lębork and Bytów
3081:Pomerania-Słupsk
2778:
2777:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2715:
2699:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2630:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2561:
2544:
2543:
2534:Post-Congress of
2524:
2512:New East Prussia
2508:
2496:
2480:
2472:
2456:
2444:
2436:
2424:
2381:
2373:
2357:
2337:
2311:Duchy of Prussia
2286:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2170:
2164:
2159:. Translated by
2150:
2144:
2127:
2121:
2107:
2101:
2086:
2073:Albertas Juška,
2071:
2065:
2049:
2038:
2021:
2012:
1995:
1989:
1972:
1966:
1951:
1938:Albertas Juška,
1936:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1795:
1794:
1655:Treaty of Kraków
1613:Duchy of Prussia
1600:Treaty of Wehlau
1584:Treaty of Labiau
1534:Jerzy Ossoliński
1515:Prussian Junkers
1436:Treaty of Warsaw
1413:George Frederick
1376:Albert Frederick
1288:
1279:
1144:
1134:Duchy of Prussia
1131:
1125:Duchy of Livonia
1122:
1113:
1104:
1098:Truce of Deulino
1057:established the
1055:Prussian estates
959:in 1522, and at
943:Georg von Polenz
922:, a member of a
916:Teutonic Knights
853:area (from 1918)
802:Duchy of Prussia
758:
753:
734:
733:
716:Treaty of Wehlau
642:Teutonic Knights
634:Treaty of Kraków
559:Księstwo Pruskie
543:Duchy of Prussia
509:
508:
497:
496:
484:
483:
477:
476:
461:
460:
452:
402:Treaty of Wehlau
304:Albert Frederick
208:
207:
205:
204:
203:
198:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
165:
157:
139:
122:
106:
88:
80:
74:
66:
60:
52:
45:Duchy of Prussia
41:
40:
21:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3544:
3511:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3285:Brześć Kujawski
3276:
3269:
3264:
3234:
3225:
3210:
3166:
3160:
3095:
3057:
2965:
2938:
2914:Brześć Kujawski
2895:
2847:
2809:
2769:
2760:
2730:
2725:
2713:
2702:
2697:
2683:Halle-Merseburg
2677:
2669:
2657:
2644:
2641:
2633:
2624:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2559:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2527:
2518:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2450:
2442:
2430:
2422:
2406:
2379:
2367:
2361:Lauenburg–Bütow
2351:
2331:
2297:
2290:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2205:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2128:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2098:Wayback Machine
2084:
2072:
2068:
2050:
2041:
2022:
2015:
1998:Seward, Desmond
1996:
1992:
1973:
1969:
1963:Wayback Machine
1949:
1937:
1918:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1801:Lithuania Minor
1793:
1765:, annexed into
1727:
1707:king in Prussia
1699:
1647:Hieronymus Roth
1592:
1470:prince-electors
1462:
1456:
1426:Following King
1372:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1302:into Polish by
1291:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1129:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1092:Outline of the
1073:, and remained
1001:Prussian Homage
981:Prussian Homage
977:
900:
857:Klaipėda Region
732:
720:Treaty of Oliva
696:prince-electors
670:Prussian Homage
623:Lithuania Minor
603:
532:
528:
506:
481:
451:
436:
417:
404:
391:
389:Prussian Homage
348:
336:
324:
312:
300:
288:
201:
199:
195:
192:
187:
184:
182:
180:
179:
178:
160:
142:
130:
129:
128:
123:
115:
114:
112:
107:
89:
82:
75:
68:
61:
54:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:Former duchies
3591:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3519:
3517:
3516:Polish Livonia
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3452:Grand Duchy of
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3277:Greater Poland
3271:
3270:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Duchy of Zator
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Greater Poland
2819:
2817:
2815:Greater Poland
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2680:
2672:
2667:Greater Berlin
2664:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2590:Rhine Province
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2509:
2497:
2481:
2473:
2457:
2445:
2437:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2374:
2358:
2338:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2231:
2224:
2196:
2165:
2145:
2130:Urban, William
2122:
2102:
2066:
2039:
2013:
1990:
1967:
1916:
1905:
1887:
1868:
1848:
1844:state religion
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1792:
1789:
1726:
1723:
1698:
1695:
1685:'s capital of
1591:
1588:
1503:George William
1482:personal union
1458:Main article:
1455:
1452:
1371:
1368:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1141:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
976:
973:
912:Roman Catholic
899:
896:
893:
892:
891:
890:
880:
874:
860:
854:
845:
844:
840:
839:
838:
837:
831:
825:
819:
805:
799:
793:
790:Teutonic Order
787:
781:
775:
769:
766:Northern March
760:
759:
746:
745:
731:
728:
704:personal union
702:in 1618. This
625:) population.
602:
599:
579:Prusy Książęce
537:
536:
523:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
503:
494:
491:
490:
485:
473:
472:
467:
457:
456:
445:
441:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
412:
409:
408:
405:
399:
396:
395:
392:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
372:Historical era
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
355:
354:
349:
346:
343:
342:
337:
334:
331:
330:
328:George William
325:
322:
319:
318:
316:John Sigismund
313:
310:
307:
306:
301:
298:
295:
294:
289:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
260:
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
214:
210:
209:
202:54.833; 21.333
173:
169:
168:
148:
144:
143:
140:
132:
131:
124:
117:
116:
108:
101:
100:
99:
96:
95:
91:
90:
64:Prusy Książęce
47:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3656:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Brest Litovsk
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3449:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3371:Lesser Poland
3366:
3361:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2782:Lesser Poland
2779:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2655:Upper Silesia
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2500:South Prussia
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2225:83-223-1984-3
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2142:1-85367-535-0
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2119:3-499-34003-8
2116:
2112:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2063:0-88029-158-3
2060:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2036:0-582-00410-1
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2011:
2010:0-14-019501-7
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1987:0-14-026653-4
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:(1815-1866).
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:Royal Prussia
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1693:(1618–1648).
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:Royal Prussia
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:Royal Prussia
1545:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:In 1618, the
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:, 1611, with
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:Sigismund III
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1370:Lack of heirs
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:New Testament
1297:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:Old Prussians
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Upper Silesia
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
975:Establishment
972:
970:
966:
965:Martin Luther
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:Protestantism
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
868:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
848:
847:
846:
842:
841:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:Old Prussians
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
762:
761:
757:
752:
748:
747:
744:
740:
736:
735:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:Ducal Prussia
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
535:
531:
527:
524:
522:Today part of
520:
504:
502:
499:
498:
495:
489:
486:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
468:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
427:
423:
419:
416:
410:
406:
403:
397:
394:10 April 1525
393:
390:
384:
380:
377:
374:
370:
367:
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
344:
341:
338:
332:
329:
326:
320:
317:
314:
308:
305:
302:
296:
293:
290:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
267:
264:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
206:
177:
174:
170:
164:
156:
152:
149:
145:
138:
133:
127:
121:
111:
105:
97:
92:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:
51:
42:
37:
33:
32:Royal Prussia
19:
18:Ducal Prussia
3562:
3180:
2948:Sieradz Land
2622:Hesse-Nassau
2606:Hohenzollern
2488:West Prussia
2310:
2248:. Retrieved
2243:
2234:
2215:
2211:
2189:11 September
2187:. Retrieved
2183:the original
2178:
2168:
2156:
2148:
2133:
2125:
2110:
2105:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2054:
2027:
2024:Kirby, David
2001:
1993:
1978:
1970:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1908:
1900:
1877:
1871:
1857:
1851:
1838:
1820:East Prussia
1778:
1767:West Prussia
1755:West Prussia
1751:Malbork Land
1728:
1700:
1674:
1672:
1651:Polish Crown
1636:
1612:
1593:
1590:Emancipation
1542:
1527:
1496:
1489:
1463:
1425:
1410:
1391:
1387:Sigismund II
1373:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1315:
1266:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1192:
1153:
1133:
1067:
1063:Church Order
1035:
999:
978:
954:
946:of Pomesania
937:against the
935:losing a war
932:
924:cadet branch
914:rule of the
901:
801:
693:Hohenzollern
690:
678:state church
638:Grand Master
627:
604:
570:
542:
540:
470:Succeeded by
469:
464:
447:
435:• Total
233:Old Prussian
158:(until 1657)
126:Coat of arms
3442:(1619–1635)
3369:Province of
3275:Province of
2975:Lubusz Land
2718:Lower Rhine
2601:(1824–1878)
2552:Brandenburg
2516:New Silesia
2476:East Frisia
2349:Halberstadt
2303:Before 1701
2296:(1525–1947)
2246:(in Polish)
2161:M.M. Bozman
2085:(in German)
1950:(in German)
1717:'s capital
1715:Brandenburg
1705:to become "
1683:Brandenburg
1528:Due to the
1474:Brandenburg
1180:Sigismund I
1164:Scandinavia
1022:Sigismund I
1006:Jan Matejko
985:Sigismund I
969:reformation
887:Brandenburg
879:(from 1945)
873:(from 1945)
786:(1157–1618)
739:Brandenburg
737:History of
700:Brandenburg
686:Kaliningrad
646:secularized
615:Lutheranism
609:state when
465:Preceded by
453:(1525-1701)
362:Legislature
243:Lutheranism
200: /
166:(from 1618)
113:(1525–1657)
3583:Categories
3477:Nowogródek
3424:Sandomierz
3330:Pomeranian
3300:Inowrocław
2919:Inowrocław
2800:Sandomierz
2642:after 1918
2585:Westphalia
2412:After 1701
2400:St. Thomas
2390:Gold Coast
2329:Ravensberg
2250:24 October
2244:Historykon
2052:Koch, H.W.
1830:References
1653:under the
1639:absolutism
1632:Königsberg
1578:, and the
1486:real union
1450:in 1612).
1419:to become
1383:Joachim II
1324:from King
1296:Königsberg
1186:, and the
1083:bailiwicks
1020:from King
957:Wittenberg
898:Background
682:Königsberg
656:since the
644:, Albert,
607:Protestant
593:until the
577:; Polish:
563:Lithuanian
415:Coronation
259:Government
250:Demonym(s)
229:Lithuanian
217:Low German
176:Königsberg
85:Lithuanian
3472:Mstsislaw
3454:Lithuania
3419:Ruthenian
3409:Podlaskie
3389:Chernihów
3215:With the
3141:Wallachia
3126:Volodymyr
3086:Pomerelia
3071:Pomerania
3063:Pomerania
2929:Gniewkowo
2716:From the
2691:Kurhessen
2687:Magdeburg
2565:Pomerania
2541:(1814–15)
2420:Neuchâtel
2377:Magdeburg
1747:Pomerelia
1711:Leopold I
1697:Promotion
1576:Pomerania
1466:margraves
1402:installed
1322:privilege
1211:goat buck
1197:. Baltic
1172:Franconia
1136:, Polish
991:of 1555.
963:in 1524,
961:Nuremberg
851:Działdowo
726:in 1701.
597:in 1525.
573:(German:
526:Lithuania
352:Frederick
239:Religion
94:1525–1701
3487:Smolensk
3429:Volhynia
3414:Podolian
3320:Masovian
3136:Moldavia
3111:Kopanica
3053:Oświęcim
3048:Oleśnica
3043:Siewierz
2993:Racibórz
2763:Fiefdoms
2712:in 1848.
2428:Guelders
2385:Colonies
2094:Archived
1959:Archived
1791:See also
1749:and the
1745:, while
1675:de facto
1434:and his
1350:Culm law
1306:and the
1234:Lutheran
1229:easier.
1215:Potrimpo
1075:Catholic
1059:Lutheran
1039:burghers
684:(modern
601:Overview
581:) was a
444:Currency
266:monarchy
254:Prussian
161:Part of
3531:Parnawa
3502:Vitebsk
3497:Vilnius
3384:Bracław
3345:Sieradz
3315:Malbork
3310:Łęczyca
3295:Gniezno
3290:Chełmno
3131:Podolia
3033:Cieszyn
3008:Legnica
2983:Silesia
2971:Silesia
2961:Sieradz
2956:Łęczyca
2944:Łęczyca
2934:Dobrzyń
2909:Kuyavia
2901:Kuyavia
2861:Masovia
2853:Masovia
2833:Gniezno
2805:Wiślica
2708:Became
2627:1866–68
2618:Hanover
2580:Silesia
2493:1772–73
2460:Silesia
2455:/ 1815)
2365:Draheim
2294:Prussia
1865:. 1850.
1815:Masuria
1780:de jure
1733:in the
1572:Malbork
1363:Landtag
1360:, (de,
950:Samland
948:and of
926:of the
869:within
867:Masuria
843:Present
814:within
743:Prussia
730:History
724:kingdom
640:of the
619:Masuria
585:in the
413:•
400:•
387:•
366:Estates
188:21°20′E
185:54°50′N
172:Capital
3535:Wenden
3527:Dorpat
3492:Trakai
3482:Połock
3404:Lublin
3399:Kraków
3335:Poznań
3305:Kalisz
3028:Lwówek
3003:Lubusz
2998:Głogów
2876:Warsaw
2866:Czersk
2843:Wieluń
2838:Kalisz
2828:Poznań
2795:Kraków
2767:Poland
2698:(1944)
2695:Nassau
2678:(1922)
2670:(1920)
2609:(1850)
2593:(1822)
2575:Saxony
2536:Vienna
2479:(1744)
2443:(1719)
2423:(1707)
2395:Arguin
2380:(1680)
2345:Minden
2321:Cleves
2222:
2140:
2117:
2087:) on:
2061:
2034:
2008:
1985:
1952:) on:
1882:Poznań
1759:Gdańsk
1739:Warmia
1719:Berlin
1687:Berlin
1668:France
1523:Berlin
1448:Elbląg
1421:Regent
1406:Lublin
1398:homage
1394:Lublin
1250:Kaimen
1242:Sambia
1217:, and
1145:
1143:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1047:Komtur
1014:Albert
1010:Kraków
933:After
883:Berlin
863:Warmia
674:Kraków
636:, the
555:Polish
547:German
534:Russia
530:Poland
449:Thaler
292:Albert
277:
263:Feudal
225:Polish
221:German
155:Poland
147:Status
81:
71:Polish
67:
57:German
53:
3550:Fiefs
3467:Minsk
3325:Płock
3146:Caffa
3121:Chełm
3116:Spisz
3038:Brzeg
3023:Bytom
3018:Żagań
3013:Jawor
2988:Opole
2891:Wizna
2871:Płock
2651:Lower
2464:Glatz
2214:[
1763:Toruń
1258:marks
1051:Memel
583:duchy
569:) or
3394:Kiev
3379:Bełz
3340:Rawa
2973:and
2886:Belz
2881:Rawa
2720:and
2660:1919
2521:1795
2505:1793
2484:East
2469:1742
2453:1720
2433:1713
2370:1657
2354:1648
2334:1614
2325:Mark
2252:2020
2220:ISBN
2191:2020
2138:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1761:and
1468:and
1340:and
1262:hide
1260:per
1201:and
1174:and
1138:fief
1018:fief
1004:(by
998:The
885:and
810:and
741:and
666:fief
541:The
429:Area
420:1701
407:1657
273:Duke
151:Fief
110:Flag
2765:of
1623:.)
1521:of
1472:of
1415:of
1049:of
1012:):
955:At
902:As
698:of
688:).
672:in
153:of
34:or
3585::
3533:,
3529:,
3525::
2693:/
2689:/
2685:/
2653:/
2620:/
2616:/
2514:/
2486:/
2462:/
2363:/
2347:/
2343:/
2327:/
2323:/
2242:.
2199:^
2177:.
2155:.
2132:.
2042:^
2026:.
2016:^
2000:.
1977:.
1919:^
1890:^
1861:.
1574:,
1570:,
1554:,
1540:.
1494:.
1446:,
1213:,
1065:.
1045:,
971:.
865:,
710:.
565::
561:,
557::
553:,
549::
227:,
223:,
219:,
3259:e
3252:t
3245:v
2946:-
2755:e
2748:t
2741:v
2724:.
2662:)
2658:(
2629:)
2625:(
2523:)
2519:(
2507:)
2503:(
2495:)
2491:(
2471:)
2467:(
2451:(
2435:)
2431:(
2372:)
2368:(
2356:)
2352:(
2336:)
2332:(
2285:e
2278:t
2271:v
2254:.
2228:.
2193:.
1846:.
545:(
231:,
87:)
83:(
73:)
69:(
59:)
55:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
