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143:. The construction of the initially proposed 5,327 kilometres (3,310 mi) long pipeline commenced in 1960. Each country was to supply all necessary construction materials, machinery and equipment. Czechoslovakia received first oil in 1962, Hungary in September 1963, Poland in November 1963, and the GDR in December 1963. The whole pipeline was put into operation in October 1964. The first oil pumped through the Druzhba pipeline originated from the oil fields in
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419:
616:, as this was one of Ukraine's demands. Also, Ukraine needs substantial investments to update the network on its territory as the pipeline has aged. Russia and Ukraine also agreed on the volume of oil to be transported through Ukraine in 2010. The overall amount of oil to be transported to Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary through Ukraine in 2010 will be 15 million tonnes, a decrease from 17.1 million tonnes in 2008.
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The delivery of oil was halted on 20 April 2019 due to high concentrations of organic chloride found in the pipeline. These chemical compounds contaminated the pipeline and equipment in Russia and Europe causing an economic impact of billions of dollars. Investigation into the scandal is ongoing with
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The part of the
Druzhba pipeline system which runs via Belarus is 2,910 kilometres (1,810 mi) long. The length of the pipeline in Ukraine is 1,490 kilometres (930 mi), in Poland 670 kilometres (420 mi), in Hungary 130 kilometres (80 mi), in Lithuania 332 kilometres (206 mi),
320:
The pipes for the project were manufactured in the Soviet Union and Poland, while fittings were manufactured in
Czechoslovakia. The GDR was responsible for pumps, and Hungary for automation and communication equipment. The construction cost nearly 400 million rubles and nearly 730,000 tons of pipe
611:
issued a statement confirming that Russia agreed to a 30 percent increase in the transit fees through
Ukraine. The alleged rise in the tariff will be from $ 7.8 to $ 9.50 (or €6.6) per tonne of oil for transiting Ukraine in 2010, and this was implemented due to the decision from Russia to raise
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In mid-September 2019, almost five months after the contamination was noticed, the Polish pipeline operator confirmed their section of the pipeline had been cleared of contamination and was operating normally. 450,000 tons of contaminated oil had been moved to storage.
607:. On December 28, 2009, referring to Russia's announcement, Slovakian government said Russia issued warnings that it would stop oil supplies to Slovakia, Hungary and the Czech Republic over a transit fees dispute with Ukraine. However, the next day, Ukraine's
154:, the northern route to Germany was closed with Germany ceasing to buy oil in January 2023 and Russia ceasing to supply oil to Poland in February 2023. From December 2023, following agreements, Germany began importing 1.2 million tons of oil per year from
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Estimates of overall contaminated stock, including that still in the pipeline and other stock pumped to tankers or to storage range from 20-40m tons as of end May. This stock will all require dilution before it can be refined.
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341: m/d). Work is currently underway to increase this in the section between Belarus and Poland. The pipe diameter of the pipeline varies from 420 to 1,020 millimetres (17 to 40 in). It uses 20 pumping stations.
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in Latvia 420 kilometres (261 mi), and in
Slovakia and in the Czech Republic together around 400 kilometres (250 mi). The pipeline crosses 45 major rivers as well as 200 railways and highways.
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403:. The throughput capacity of BPS-2 is 50 million tonnes of oil annually. The construction of the BPS-2 started on 10 June 2009. The BPS-2 was completed in 2011 and began to function in late March 2012.
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and one of the largest oil pipeline networks in the world. It began operation in 1964 and remains in operation today. It carries oil some 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) from the eastern part of
European
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was responsible for the design of the initial project phase, to reverse the phases of the Adria pipeline (which currently carries oil from the port inland) on the Sisak-Omišalj portion.
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For the last several years, Russia and
Ukraine have been tied up in transit fee disputes as the major pipelines supplying Europe with Russian oil and gas run through Ukraine. The
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281:(not depicted on the map at the beginning of the page). In Hungary, the Druzhba-1 pipeline supplies the Duna refinery while Druzhba-2 supplies Duna and Tisza refineries.
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Also in
September 2019, oil companies BP and Total were trying to sell 2.3m barrels (over 300,000 tons) of tainted oil that they had received earlier from the pipeline.
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The
Schwechat–Bratislava two-way oil pipeline project was proposed in 2003. It would allow to supply the OMV owned Schwechat Refinery from the Druzhba pipeline.
115:
and
Eastern Europe through the reliable supply of oil. Today, it is the largest principal artery for the transportation of Russian and Kazakh oil across Europe.
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By late May, a month after the contamination was discovered, Russia agreed to take back some of the 8-9m tons of contaminated oil remaining in the pipeline.
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and Samara (Kuybyshev) Oblast. In the 1970s, the
Druzhba pipeline system was further enlarged with the construction of geographically parallel lines.
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697:. A Hungarian government official stated that this proposed sabotage by Zelensky prompted Hungary to block funding of the European Peace Facility.
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1469:"Who contaminated the petroleum supply in the Druzhba pipeline and caused Russian oil exports to be unusable for weeks? 'Meduza' investigates"
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to Belarus had not been agreed to for 2020 and shipments had dwindled to 500,000 tonnes, down from a previously planned 2 million tonnes.
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individuals being detained in Russia suspected of having stolen oil and pouring in organochloride to the pipeline to cover up the theft.
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The Druzhba–Adria Pipeline Integration Project was a proposal that was considered in the 2000s to extend the pipeline to pass through
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was laid throughout the path of the pipeline. The Druzhba pipeline currently has a capacity of 1.2 to 1.4 million barrels per day (190
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In February 2020, Belarus threatened to take oil from the Druzhba pipeline if Russia did not supply it with the required volumes of
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In July 2024, the government of Ukraine stopped the transportation of oil through the Druzhba pipeline to Slovakia and Hungary.
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308:(not shown on the map). This branch has ceased operation in 2006 and is not likely to become operational again any time soon.
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108:. The network also branches out into numerous smaller pipelines to deliver its product throughout Eastern Europe and beyond.
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253:(Druzhba-1 — original Druzhba route) and to Hungary (Druzhba-2). The line through Slovakia is divided once again near
131:, adopted a decision and an agreement was signed on construction of a trunk crude oil pipeline from the USSR into Poland,
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The name "Druzhba" means "friendship", alluding to the fact that the pipeline established friendly relations between the
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2016:
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864:"Inpex Boosts Kazakhstan's Oil Exports to Germany via Druzhba Pipeline Network | Pipeline Technology Journal"
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221:, which is used for oil re-exports. In Schwedt, the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the MVL pipeline to
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prices of the energy resources. Additionally, unlike previous payments, new payments will be made in
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Voiceof America: Hungary's foreign minister accuses EU of disrupting oil supplies from Russia
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included a note of a conversation between the President of Ukraine and Deputy Prime Minister
554:
1713:"Russia hints at Belarus joining it in a unified state in exchange for oil deal: Lukashenko"
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and in Schwedt. The northern branch is also connected by the Płock–Gdańsk pipeline with the
1500:"Exclusive: Western buyers freeze payments for contaminated oil in extended Russian outage"
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1562:"Russia removed 2 million tonnes of tainted Druzhba oil using rail, sea, storage: sources"
8:
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1974:
1196:"Issues surrounding the privatisation of the petrochemical industry in the V4 countries"
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1045:"Kazakhstan to supply 150,000 tonnes of oil to Germany via Druzhba pipeline in Dec"
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Reuters: EU declines Hungary's request for talks with Ukraine over oil sanctions
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1793:"Hungary blocks next tranche of EU tool to provide military support to Ukraine"
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1682:"Belarus to Russia: We'll siphon off your transit oil to Europe if necessary"
1624:"Poland clears tainted oil from pipelines, 450,000 T remains in storage: RIA"
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In 2023, apparent classified U.S. intelligence documents released in the
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1225:"Russia to redirect massive oil volumes from Druzhba to Baltic pipeline"
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suggested blowing up the Druzhba pipeline to hit Hungarian industry, as
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Disputes over payment for contaminated oil were ongoing a month later.
443: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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junction of the Druzhba pipeline near the Russia–Belarus border to the
254:
241:, which is currently used to ship oil from the Druzhba pipeline to the
170:
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1531:"Exclusive: Russia to take back dirty oil back from Belarus - sources"
1083:"Belarus blocks Russian oil deliveries to Germany, Poland and Ukraine"
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1775:"Zelensky, in private, plots bold attacks inside Russia, leak shows"
1438:"Russia Loses Billions in Druzhba Oil Pipeline Contamination Crisis"
418:
218:
1653:"France's Total tenders to sell 1.3 million barrels of tainted oil"
1376:"Russia warns of oil supply cut-off through Ukraine, says Slovakia"
1007:"Russia Halts Pipeline Oil Supplies To Poland, Polish Refiner Says"
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are connected to the main pipeline by the branch pipeline from the
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246:
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1407:"Russia agrees to higher oil transit fees with Ukraine's Naftogaz"
210:
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1717:
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1593:"Russia's Dirty Oil Crisis Is Worse Than Almost Anyone Predicted"
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1025:"Germany's Schwedt refinery losing out in race from Russian oil"
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357:. The operator in Belarus is Gomeltransneft Druzhba, in Ukraine
349:
The Russian part of the pipeline is operated by the oil company
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It was also proposed to connect Druzhba Adria with the planned
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693:'s government was too friendly towards the Kremlin during the
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1312:"Czech concerns over the future of the Druzhba oil pipeline"
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said Moscow hinted at an energy supply deal in exchange for
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The Baltic Pipeline System-2 (BPS-2) is a pipeline from the
23:
Druzhba pipeline map, with the location of the port city of
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588:
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pumping station to Omišalj harbour. The Croatian company
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with a 172 kilometres (107 mi) long branch line to
265:. The Druzhba-1 pipeline branches off toward Hungary in
1125:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
1286:"Russia builds Baltic oil pipeline to bypass Belarus"
1261:"BPS-2 to redirect oil volumes from Druzhba pipeline"
257:: one branch leading in a northwest direction to the
704:
2140:Buildings and structures built in the Soviet Union
560:The proposal was touted by the Croatian president
538:. In the first phase, the Croatian portion of the
619:
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125:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon)
1744:"Page No Longer Available - The New York Times"
1278:
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815:- the next longest oil pipeline after Druzhba
673:2023 comment on possible sabotage of pipeline
369:, in the Czech Republic Mero, and in Hungary
237:, the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the
123:On 18 December 1958, the 10th session of the
833:"The List: The Five Top Global Choke Points"
1309:
1198:. Visegrad.info. 2003-10-01. Archived from
1190:
1188:
895:"The Comecon Pipeline. Background Research"
376:
2035:Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline
1843:
1829:
1813:Druzhba-Adria Pipeline Integration Project
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1117:Energy Policies of IEA Countries - Hungary
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503:Learn how and when to remove this message
229:. The southern branch runs south through
1940:Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline
1185:
395:oil terminal at the eastern part of the
30:
18:
1252:
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933:
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1288:. EurActiv. 2009-06-11. Archived from
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589:2009 Parallel disputes on transit fees
406:
2165:Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations
2160:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
1824:
1219:
315:
177:, where it collects oil from western
1213:
897:. RFE/RL. 1960-09-06. Archived from
441:adding citations to reliable sources
412:
249:, the pipeline splits into lines to
71:) is one of the world's longest oil
63:); also has been referred to as the
2170:East Germany–Soviet Union relations
2120:Oil pipelines in the Czech Republic
1075:
603:were primarily based on transit of
16:Oil pipeline from Tatarstan, Russia
13:
669:, which caused talks to collapse.
273:, crosses the Hungarian border at
14:
2196:
2130:Oil pipelines in the Soviet Union
1806:
1310:Groszkowski, Jakub (2012-04-18).
1259:Geropoulos, Kostis (2007-05-26).
679:2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks
576:Schwechat–Bratislava Oil Pipeline
261:and the other going southward to
1973:
1892:Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline
1353:. NHST Media Group. 2007-04-30.
980:[History] (in Russian).
798:Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline
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707:
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572:, and was eventually abandoned.
542:would be reconstructed from the
417:
35:Surface of the oil pipeline (in
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1767:
1756:from the original on 2020-02-15
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1725:from the original on 2020-02-18
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1694:from the original on 2020-02-14
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1663:from the original on 2019-09-19
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1634:from the original on 2019-09-19
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1605:from the original on 2019-05-25
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1574:from the original on 2019-05-24
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1357:from the original on 2009-05-30
1326:from the original on 2012-05-11
1093:from the original on 2007-09-07
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1011:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
988:from the original on 2017-02-22
428:needs additional citations for
2180:Hungary–Soviet Union relations
2175:Germany–Soviet Union relations
1051:
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999:
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620:2019 oil contamination scandal
1:
2185:Poland–Soviet Union relations
2090:1960 establishments in Europe
1910:Dzuarikau–Tskhinvali pipeline
1345:"Zagreb floats new pipe plan"
1162:Anatoly Dozhin (2002-12-05).
819:
808:Russia–Belarus energy dispute
269:(Slovakia) near the river of
158:using the northern pipeline.
1415:. 2009-12-28. Archived from
1384:. 2009-12-28. Archived from
1263:. New Europe. Archived from
1087:International Herald Tribune
1013:. Reuters. 25 February 2023.
813:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline
344:
209:. It supplies refineries in
7:
2029:Caspian Pipeline Consortium
2011:Uzen–Atyrau–Samara pipeline
1112:International Energy Agency
803:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
700:
667:Belarus merging with Russia
595:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
152:Russian invasion of Ukraine
10:
2201:
2017:Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline
1999:Tikhoretsk–Tuapse pipeline
1993:Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline
1320:Centre for Eastern Studies
841:. May 2006. Archived from
592:
534:at the deep-water port of
380:
118:
2115:Oil pipelines in Slovakia
2068:Togliatti–Odessa pipeline
2056:
2041:Baltic Pipeline System-II
1982:
1971:
1863:
383:Baltic Pipeline System-II
52:
2135:Oil pipelines in Germany
2125:Oil pipelines in Hungary
2105:Oil pipelines in Belarus
2100:Oil pipelines in Ukraine
1916:Baku–Novo Filya pipeline
1235:The Jamestown Foundation
1164:"Druzhba never gets old"
868:www.pipeline-journal.net
377:Baltic Pipeline System-2
164:
2110:Oil pipelines in Poland
2095:Oil pipelines in Russia
1874:Saratov–Moscow pipeline
950:Pipelines International
654:. As of February 2022,
353:through its subsidiary
169:The pipeline begins at
2023:Baltic Pipeline System
1166:. Rossijskaya Gazeta.
952:. 2009. Archived from
921:Cite journal requires
267:Banská Bystrica Region
60:
40:
28:
1898:Yamal–Europe pipeline
1230:Eurasia Daily Monitor
793:Yamal–Europe pipeline
715:Czech Republic portal
555:Pan-European Pipeline
34:
22:
1721:. 14 February 2020.
1690:. 14 February 2020.
663:Alexander Lukashenko
660:Belarusian President
656:Russian oil supplies
437:improve this article
401:Kirishi oil refinery
239:Odesa-Brody pipeline
53:нефтепровод «Дружба»
1880:Central Asia–Center
1815:, Transneft website
695:Russo-Ukrainian War
646:2020 Belarus–Russia
601:continuous disputes
568:groups such as Eko
407:Proposed extensions
150:Following the 2022
65:Friendship Pipeline
1964:Altai gas pipeline
1749:The New York Times
1127:. pp. 67–70.
1047:. 8 December 2023.
946:"Druzhba Pipeline"
743:Engineering portal
687:Volodymyr Zelensky
452:"Druzhba pipeline"
316:Technical features
41:
29:
27:being approximate.
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2047:Murmansk Pipeline
1922:Bovanenkovo–Ukhta
1858:by year of launch
1072:, August 23, 2024
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69:Comecon Pipeline
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367:Transpetrol AS
365:, in Slovakia
355:OAO MN Druzhba
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259:Czech Republic
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286:ORLEN Lietuva
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2150:Eastern Bloc
2004:
1946:South Stream
1818:
1797:euronews.com
1796:
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1758:. Retrieved
1747:
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1716:
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1417:the original
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1386:the original
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958:. Retrieved
954:the original
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435:Please help
430:verification
427:
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361:, in Poland
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304:junction in
283:
217:terminal in
193:in southern
168:
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113:Soviet Union
110:
68:
64:
44:
42:
2043:(2012–2013)
1948:(cancelled)
1942:(2011–2012)
1936:(suspended)
1930:(2011–2012)
1904:Blue Stream
1888:(1975–1994)
1882:(1960–1988)
1865:Natural gas
1657:RIA/Reuters
1628:RIA/Reuters
1060:, July 2024
605:natural gas
562:Stipe Mesić
187:Caspian Sea
37:Lviv region
2084:Categories
2049:(proposed)
1966:(proposed)
1958:TurkStream
1760:2020-02-19
1729:2020-02-19
1698:2020-02-19
1667:2019-09-20
1638:2019-09-20
1609:2019-05-24
1578:2019-05-24
1547:2019-05-24
1516:2019-05-20
1485:2019-05-11
1454:2019-05-11
1423:2009-12-29
1392:2009-12-29
1361:2008-05-31
1330:2012-04-20
1296:2009-06-30
1271:2007-12-29
1245:2016-02-13
1206:2008-01-02
1178:2007-12-29
1148:2008-01-03
1097:2008-01-02
992:2016-12-17
960:2009-11-19
905:2008-01-02
873:2024-07-17
849:2007-01-10
820:References
463:newspapers
255:Bratislava
185:, and the
171:Almetyevsk
156:Kazakhstan
127:, held in
2145:Transneft
1984:Petroleum
1867:pipelines
1598:Bloomberg
1412:France 24
1381:France 24
1316:CE Weekly
1168:Transneft
982:Transneft
978:"История"
685:in which
652:crude oil
493:July 2024
351:Transneft
345:Operators
294:Ventspils
290:Lithuania
243:Black Sea
215:Naftoport
175:Tatarstan
145:Tatarstan
73:pipelines
1754:Archived
1723:Archived
1692:Archived
1661:Archived
1632:Archived
1603:Archived
1572:Archived
1541:Archived
1510:Archived
1479:Archived
1448:Archived
1355:Archived
1324:Archived
1114:(2003).
1091:Archived
986:Archived
701:See also
609:Naftogas
393:Ust-Luga
251:Slovakia
247:Uzhhorod
98:Slovakia
67:and the
2155:Comecon
2064:Ammonia
1718:Reuters
1687:Reuters
1567:Reuters
1536:Reuters
1505:Reuters
1030:Reuters
570:Kvarner
536:Omišalj
528:Croatia
524:Hungary
477:scholar
263:Hungary
231:Ukraine
227:Spergau
223:Rostock
207:Germany
203:Schwedt
195:Belarus
179:Siberia
141:Hungary
119:History
106:Germany
94:Hungary
86:Belarus
82:Ukraine
49:Russian
2070:(1981)
2037:(2010)
2031:(2004)
2025:(2001)
2019:(1997)
2013:(1971)
2007:(1964)
2001:(1962)
1995:(1928)
1960:(2020)
1954:(2019)
1924:(2011)
1918:(2010)
1912:(2009)
1906:(2003)
1900:(1997)
1894:(1983)
1876:(1946)
1856:Russia
1474:Meduza
1443:Forbes
1131:
479:
472:
465:
458:
450:
389:Unecha
331:to 220
302:Unecha
298:Latvia
219:Gdańsk
199:Poland
181:, the
129:Prague
100:, the
90:Poland
78:Russia
25:Yuzhne
1142:(PDF)
1121:(PDF)
691:Orban
614:Euros
548:JANAF
544:Sisak
484:JSTOR
470:books
245:. In
235:Brody
233:. In
211:Płock
191:Mazyr
183:Urals
165:Route
57:Czech
1129:ISBN
927:help
526:and
456:news
292:and
284:The
271:Ipeľ
225:and
139:and
104:and
43:The
1854:of
439:by
371:MOL
288:in
205:in
201:to
173:in
137:GDR
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339:^
333:×
329:^
323:×
47:(
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